1
|
Landon SM, Baker K, Macpherson LJ. Give-and-take of gustation: the interplay between gustatory neurons and taste buds. Chem Senses 2024; 49:bjae029. [PMID: 39078723 PMCID: PMC11315769 DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjae029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Mammalian taste buds are highly regenerative and can restore themselves after normal wear and tear of the lingual epithelium or following physical and chemical insults, including burns, chemotherapy, and nerve injury. This is due to the continual proliferation, differentiation, and maturation of taste progenitor cells, which then must reconnect with peripheral gustatory neurons to relay taste signals to the brain. The turnover and re-establishment of peripheral taste synapses are vital to maintain this complex sensory system. Over the past several decades, the signal transduction and neurotransmitter release mechanisms within taste cells have been well delineated. However, the complex dynamics between synaptic partners in the tongue (taste cell and gustatory neuron) are only partially understood. In this review, we highlight recent findings that have improved our understanding of the mechanisms governing connectivity and signaling within the taste bud and the still-unresolved questions regarding the complex interactions between taste cells and gustatory neurons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shannon M Landon
- Department of Neuroscience, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Kimberly Baker
- Department of Neuroscience, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX, United States
- 59th Medical Wing: Surgical and Technological Advancements for Traumatic Injuries in Combat: 204 Wagner Ave, San Antonio, TX 78211, United States
| | - Lindsey J Macpherson
- Department of Neuroscience, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX, United States
- Brain Health Consortium, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wood RM, Vasquez EL, Goyins KA, Gutierrez Kuri E, Connelly K, Humayun S, Macpherson LJ. Cyclophosphamide induces the loss of taste bud innervation in mice. Chem Senses 2024; 49:bjae010. [PMID: 38421250 PMCID: PMC10929424 DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjae010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Many common chemotherapeutics produce disruptions in the sense of taste which can lead to loss of appetite, nutritional imbalance, and reduced quality of life, especially if taste loss persists after treatment ends. Cyclophosphamide (CYP), an alkylating chemotherapeutic agent, affects taste sensitivity through its cytotoxic effects on mature taste receptor cells (TRCs) and on taste progenitor cell populations, retarding the capacity to replace TRCs. Mechanistic studies have focused primarily on taste cells, however, taste signaling requires communication between TRCs and the gustatory nerve fibers that innervate them. Here, we evaluate cyclophosphamide's effects on the peripheral gustatory nerve fibers that innervate the taste buds. Following histological analysis of tongue tissues, we find that CYP reduces innervation within the fungiform and circumvallates taste buds within 4 days after administration. To better understand the dynamics of the denervation process, we used 2-photon intravital imaging to visualize the peripheral gustatory nerve fibers within individual fungiform taste buds up to 20 days after CYP treatment. We find that gustatory fibers retract from the taste bud properly but are maintained within the central papilla core. These data indicate that in addition to TRCs, gustatory nerve fibers are also affected by CYP treatment. Because the connectivity between TRCs and gustatory neurons must be re-established for proper function, gustatory fibers should continue to be included in future studies to understand the mechanisms leading to chemotherapy-induced persistent taste loss.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M Wood
- Department of Neuroscience, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX, USA
- The Graduate Program in Neuroscience, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Erin L Vasquez
- Department of Neuroscience, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Krystal A Goyins
- Department of Neuroscience, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX, USA
- The Graduate Program in Developmental and Regenerative Sciences, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Eduardo Gutierrez Kuri
- Department of Neuroscience, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Kevin Connelly
- Department of Neuroscience, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Saima Humayun
- Department of Neuroscience, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Lindsey J Macpherson
- Department of Neuroscience, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Brain Health Consortium, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yao Q, Doyle ME, Liu QR, Appleton A, O'Connell JF, Weng NP, Egan JM. Long-Term Dysfunction of Taste Papillae in SARS-CoV-2. NEJM EVIDENCE 2023; 2:10.1056/evidoa2300046. [PMID: 38145006 PMCID: PMC10745124 DOI: 10.1056/evidoa2300046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We sought to determine whether ongoing taste disturbance in the postacute sequelae of coronavirus disease 2019 period is associated with persistent virus in primary taste tissue. METHODS We performed fungiform papillae biopsies on 16 patients who reported taste disturbance lasting more than 6 weeks after molecularly determined severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Then, on multiple occasions, we rebiopsied 10 of those patients who still had taste complaints for at least 6 months postinfection. Fungiform papillae obtained from other patients before March 2020 served as negative controls. We performed hematoxylin and eosin staining to examine fungiform papillae morphology and immunofluorescence and fluorescence in situ hybridization to look for evidence of persistent viral infection and immune response. RESULTS In all patients, we found evidence of SARS-CoV-2, accompanying immune response and misshapen or absent taste buds with loss of intergemmal neurite fibers. Six patients reported normal taste perception by 6 months postinfection and were not further biopsied. In the remaining 10, the virus was eliminated in a seemingly random fashion from their fungiform papillae, but four patients still, by history, reported incomplete return to preinfection taste perception by the time we wrote this report. CONCLUSIONS Our data show a temporal association in patients between functional taste, taste papillae morphology, and the presence of SARS-CoV-2 and its associated immunological changes. (Funded by Intramural Research Program/National Institute on Aging/National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases/National Institutes of Health; ClinicalTrials.gov numbers NCT03366168 and NCT04565067.).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qin Yao
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore
| | - Máire E Doyle
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore
| | - Qing-Rong Liu
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore
| | - Ashley Appleton
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore
| | - Jennifer F O'Connell
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore
| | - Nan-Ping Weng
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore
| | - Josephine M Egan
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang Y, Beachy PA. Cellular and molecular mechanisms of Hedgehog signalling. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2023; 24:668-687. [PMID: 36932157 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-023-00591-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
The Hedgehog signalling pathway has crucial roles in embryonic tissue patterning, postembryonic tissue regeneration, and cancer, yet aspects of Hedgehog signal transmission and reception have until recently remained unclear. Biochemical and structural studies surprisingly reveal a central role for lipids in Hedgehog signalling. The signal - Hedgehog protein - is modified by cholesterol and palmitate during its biogenesis, thereby necessitating specialized proteins such as the transporter Dispatched and several lipid-binding carriers for cellular export and receptor engagement. Additional lipid transactions mediate response to the Hedgehog signal, including sterol activation of the transducer Smoothened. Access of sterols to Smoothened is regulated by the apparent sterol transporter and Hedgehog receptor Patched, whose activity is blocked by Hedgehog binding. Alongside these lipid-centric mechanisms and their relevance to pharmacological pathway modulation, we discuss emerging roles of Hedgehog pathway activity in stem cells or their cellular niches, with translational implications for regeneration and restoration of injured or diseased tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunxiao Zhang
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Neuroscience Department, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Philip A Beachy
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ha P, Liu TP, Li C, Zheng Z. Novel Strategies for Orofacial Soft Tissue Regeneration. Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle) 2023; 12:339-360. [PMID: 35651274 DOI: 10.1089/wound.2022.0037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Significance: Orofacial structures are indispensable for speech and eating, and impairment disrupts whole-body health through malnutrition and poor quality of life. However, due to the unique and highly specialized cell populations, tissue architecture, and healing microenvironments, regeneration in this region is challenging and inadequately addressed to date. Recent Advances: With increasing understanding of the nuanced physiology and cellular responses of orofacial soft tissue, novel scaffolds, seeded cells, and bioactive molecules were developed in the past 5 years to specifically target orofacial soft tissue regeneration, particularly for tissues primarily found within the orofacial region such as oral mucosa, taste buds, salivary glands, and masseter muscles. Critical Issues: Due to the tightly packed and complex anatomy, orofacial soft tissue injury commonly implicates multiple tissue types, and thus functional unit reconstruction in the orofacial region is more important than single tissue regeneration. Future Directions: This article reviews the up-to-date knowledge in this highly translational topic, which provides insights into novel biologically inspired and engineered strategies for regenerating orofacial component tissues and functional units.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pin Ha
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Timothy P Liu
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Chenshuang Li
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Zhong Zheng
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Dutta Banik D, Martin LJ, Tang T, Soboloff J, Tourtellotte WG, Pierchala BA. EGR4 is critical for cell-fate determination and phenotypic maintenance of geniculate ganglion neurons underlying sweet and umami taste. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2217595120. [PMID: 37216536 PMCID: PMC10235952 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2217595120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The sense of taste starts with activation of receptor cells in taste buds by chemical stimuli which then communicate this signal via innervating oral sensory neurons to the CNS. The cell bodies of oral sensory neurons reside in the geniculate ganglion (GG) and nodose/petrosal/jugular ganglion. The geniculate ganglion contains two main neuronal populations: BRN3A+ somatosensory neurons that innervate the pinna and PHOX2B+ sensory neurons that innervate the oral cavity. While much is known about the different taste bud cell subtypes, considerably less is known about the molecular identities of PHOX2B+ sensory subpopulations. In the GG, as many as 12 different subpopulations have been predicted from electrophysiological studies, while transcriptional identities exist for only 3 to 6. Importantly, the cell fate pathways that diversify PHOX2B+ oral sensory neurons into these subpopulations are unknown. The transcription factor EGR4 was identified as being highly expressed in GG neurons. EGR4 deletion causes GG oral sensory neurons to lose their expression of PHOX2B and other oral sensory genes and up-regulate BRN3A. This is followed by a loss of chemosensory innervation of taste buds, a loss of type II taste cells responsive to bitter, sweet, and umami stimuli, and a concomitant increase in type I glial-like taste bud cells. These deficits culminate in a loss of nerve responses to sweet and umami taste qualities. Taken together, we identify a critical role of EGR4 in cell fate specification and maintenance of subpopulations of GG neurons, which in turn maintain the appropriate sweet and umami taste receptor cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Debarghya Dutta Banik
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN46202
| | - Louis J. Martin
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN46202
| | - Tao Tang
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN46202
| | - Jonathan Soboloff
- Department of Cancer & Cellular Biology, Fels Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA19140
| | - Warren G. Tourtellotte
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Neurology, and Neurological Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA90048
| | - Brian A. Pierchala
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN46202
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Dong G, Kogan S, Venugopal N, Chang E, He L, Faal F, Shi Y, Phillips McCluskey L. Interleukin (IL)-1 Receptor Signaling Is Required for Complete Taste Bud Regeneration and the Recovery of Neural Taste Responses following Axotomy. J Neurosci 2023; 43:3439-3455. [PMID: 37015809 PMCID: PMC10184746 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1355-22.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Experimental or traumatic nerve injury causes the degeneration of associated taste buds. Unlike most sensory systems, the sectioned nerve and associated taste buds can then regenerate, restoring neural responses to tastants. It was previously unknown whether injury-induced immune factors mediate this process. The proinflammatory cytokines, interleukin (IL)-1α and IL-1β, and their requisite receptor are strongly expressed by anterior taste buds innervated by the chorda tympani nerve. We tested taste bud regeneration and functional recovery in mice lacking the IL-1 receptor. After axotomy, the chorda tympani nerve regenerated but was initially unresponsive to tastants in both WT and Il1r KO mice. In the absence of Il1r signaling, however, neural taste responses remained minimal even >8 weeks after injury in both male and female mice, whereas normal taste function recovered by 3 weeks in WT mice. Failed recovery was because of a 57.8% decrease in regenerated taste buds in Il1r KO compared with WT axotomized mice. Il1a gene expression was chronically dysregulated, and the subset of regenerated taste buds were reinnervated more slowly and never reached full volume as progenitor cell proliferation lagged in KO mice. Il1r signaling is thus required for complete taste bud regeneration and the recovery of normal taste transmission, likely by impairing taste progenitor cell proliferation. This is the first identification of a cytokine response that promotes taste recovery. The remarkable plasticity of the taste system makes it ideal for identifying injury-induced mechanisms mediating successful regeneration and recovery.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Taste plays a critical role in nutrition and quality of life. The adult taste system is highly plastic and able to regenerate following the disappearance of most taste buds after experimental nerve injury. Several growth factors needed for taste bud regeneration have been identified, but we demonstrate the first cytokine pathway required for the recovery of taste function. In the absence of IL-1 cytokine signaling, taste bud regeneration is incomplete, preventing the transmission of taste activity to the brain. These results open a new direction in revealing injury-specific mechanisms that could be harnessed to promote the recovery of taste perception after trauma or disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guangkuo Dong
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia 30912
| | - Schuyler Kogan
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia 30912
| | - Natasha Venugopal
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia 30912
| | - Eddy Chang
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia 30912
| | - Lianying He
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia 30912
| | - Fama Faal
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia 30912
| | - Yang Shi
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia 30912
- Division of Biostatistics and Data Science, Department of Population Health Sciences, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia 30912
| | - Lynnette Phillips McCluskey
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia 30912
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zine A, Fritzsch B. Early Steps towards Hearing: Placodes and Sensory Development. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:6994. [PMID: 37108158 PMCID: PMC10139157 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24086994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Sensorineural hearing loss is the most prevalent sensory deficit in humans. Most cases of hearing loss are due to the degeneration of key structures of the sensory pathway in the cochlea, such as the sensory hair cells, the primary auditory neurons, and their synaptic connection to the hair cells. Different cell-based strategies to replace damaged inner ear neurosensory tissue aiming at the restoration of regeneration or functional recovery are currently the subject of intensive research. Most of these cell-based treatment approaches require experimental in vitro models that rely on a fine understanding of the earliest morphogenetic steps that underlie the in vivo development of the inner ear since its initial induction from a common otic-epibranchial territory. This knowledge will be applied to various proposed experimental cell replacement strategies to either address the feasibility or identify novel therapeutic options for sensorineural hearing loss. In this review, we describe how ear and epibranchial placode development can be recapitulated by focusing on the cellular transformations that occur as the inner ear is converted from a thickening of the surface ectoderm next to the hindbrain known as the otic placode to an otocyst embedded in the head mesenchyme. Finally, we will highlight otic and epibranchial placode development and morphogenetic events towards progenitors of the inner ear and their neurosensory cell derivatives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Azel Zine
- LBN, Laboratory of Bioengineering and Nanoscience, University of Montpellier, 34193 Montpellier, France
| | - Bernd Fritzsch
- Department of Biology, CLAS, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Doyle ME, Premathilake HU, Yao Q, Mazucanti CH, Egan JM. Physiology of the tongue with emphasis on taste transduction. Physiol Rev 2023; 103:1193-1246. [PMID: 36422992 PMCID: PMC9942923 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00012.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The tongue is a complex multifunctional organ that interacts and senses both interoceptively and exteroceptively. Although it is easily visible to almost all of us, it is relatively understudied and what is in the literature is often contradictory or is not comprehensively reported. The tongue is both a motor and a sensory organ: motor in that it is required for speech and mastication, and sensory in that it receives information to be relayed to the central nervous system pertaining to the safety and quality of the contents of the oral cavity. Additionally, the tongue and its taste apparatus form part of an innate immune surveillance system. For example, loss or alteration in taste perception can be an early indication of infection as became evident during the present global SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Here, we particularly emphasize the latest updates in the mechanisms of taste perception, taste bud formation and adult taste bud renewal, and the presence and effects of hormones on taste perception, review the understudied lingual immune system with specific reference to SARS-CoV-2, discuss nascent work on tongue microbiome, as well as address the effect of systemic disease on tongue structure and function, especially in relation to taste.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Máire E Doyle
- Diabetes Section/Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Hasitha U Premathilake
- Diabetes Section/Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Qin Yao
- Diabetes Section/Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Caio H Mazucanti
- Diabetes Section/Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Josephine M Egan
- Diabetes Section/Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Vercauteren Drubbel A, Beck B. Single-cell transcriptomics uncovers the differentiation of a subset of murine esophageal progenitors into taste buds in vivo. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadd9135. [PMID: 36888721 PMCID: PMC9995038 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.add9135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Mouse esophagus is lined with a stratified epithelium, which is maintained by the constant renewal of unipotent progenitors. In this study, we profiled mouse esophagus by single-cell RNA sequencing and found taste buds specifically in the cervical segment of the esophagus. These taste buds have the same cellular composition as the ones from the tongue but express fewer taste receptor types. State-of-the-art transcriptional regulatory network analysis allowed the identification of specific transcription factors associated to the differentiation of immature progenitors into the three different taste bud cell types. Lineage tracing experiments revealed that esophageal taste buds arise from squamous bipotent progenitor, thus demonstrating that all esophageal progenitors are not unipotent. Our cell resolution characterization of cervical esophagus epithelium will enable a better understanding of esophageal progenitor potency and insights into the mechanisms involved in the development of taste buds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Benjamin Beck
- IRIBHM, ULB/ Faculty of medicine, 808 Route de Lennik, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
- Welbio/FNRS Principal investigator at IRIBHM, 808 Route de Lennik, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kumari A, Mistretta CM. Anterior and Posterior Tongue Regions and Taste Papillae: Distinct Roles and Regulatory Mechanisms with an Emphasis on Hedgehog Signaling and Antagonism. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:4833. [PMID: 36902260 PMCID: PMC10002505 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sensory receptors across the entire tongue are engaged during eating. However, the tongue has distinctive regions with taste (fungiform and circumvallate) and non-taste (filiform) organs that are composed of specialized epithelia, connective tissues, and innervation. The tissue regions and papillae are adapted in form and function for taste and somatosensation associated with eating. It follows that homeostasis and regeneration of distinctive papillae and taste buds with particular functional roles require tailored molecular pathways. Nonetheless, in the chemosensory field, generalizations are often made between mechanisms that regulate anterior tongue fungiform and posterior circumvallate taste papillae, without a clear distinction that highlights the singular taste cell types and receptors in the papillae. We compare and contrast signaling regulation in the tongue and emphasize the Hedgehog pathway and antagonists as prime examples of signaling differences in anterior and posterior taste and non-taste papillae. Only with more attention to the roles and regulatory signals for different taste cells in distinct tongue regions can optimal treatments for taste dysfunctions be designed. In summary, if tissues are studied from one tongue region only, with associated specialized gustatory and non-gustatory organs, an incomplete and potentially misleading picture will emerge of how lingual sensory systems are involved in eating and altered in disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Archana Kumari
- Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, NJ 08084, USA
| | - Charlotte M. Mistretta
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences & Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
郑 欣, 徐 欣, 周 学, 彭 显. [Mechanisms and Management of COVID-19-Associated Taste Disorders]. SICHUAN DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE BAN = JOURNAL OF SICHUAN UNIVERSITY. MEDICAL SCIENCE EDITION 2023; 54:334-341. [PMID: 36949695 PMCID: PMC10409153 DOI: 10.12182/20230260306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
The taste buds in the human tongue contain specialized cells that generate taste signals when they are stimulated. These signals are then transmitted to the central nervous system, allowing the human body to distinguish nutritious substances from toxic or harmful ones. This process is critical to the survival of humans and other mammals. A number of studies have shown that dysgeusia, or taste disorder, is a common complication of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, which can severely affect patients' nutritional intake and quality of life. Based on the physiological process of taste perception, the direct causes of dysgeusia include dysfunction of taste receptors and damage to the taste nervous system, while indirect causes include genetic factors, aging-related changes, bacterial and viral infections, and cancer treatments such as radiotherapy and chemotherapy. The pathogenic factors of dysgeusia are complicated, further research is needed to fully understand the underlying mechanisms, and some of the reported findings and conclusions still need further validation. All these form a great challenge for clinical diagnosis of the cause and targeted treatment of dysgeusia. Herein, we reviewed published research on the physiological process of taste perception, the potential mechanisms of taste disorders related to SARS-CoV-2 infection, and strategies for prevention and treatment, providing theoretical support for establishing and improving the comprehensive management of COVID-19 complicated by taste disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- 欣 郑
- 口腔疾病研究国家重点实验室 四川大学华西口腔医院 (成都 610041)State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - 欣 徐
- 口腔疾病研究国家重点实验室 四川大学华西口腔医院 (成都 610041)State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - 学东 周
- 口腔疾病研究国家重点实验室 四川大学华西口腔医院 (成都 610041)State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - 显 彭
- 口腔疾病研究国家重点实验室 四川大学华西口腔医院 (成都 610041)State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Shechtman LA, Scott JK, Larson ED, Isner TJ, Johnson BJ, Gaillard D, Dempsey PJ, Barlow LA. High Sox2 expression predicts taste lineage competency of lingual progenitors in vitro. Development 2023; 150:dev201375. [PMID: 36794954 PMCID: PMC10112921 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Taste buds on the tongue contain taste receptor cells (TRCs) that detect sweet, sour, salty, umami and bitter stimuli. Like non-taste lingual epithelium, TRCs are renewed from basal keratinocytes, many of which express the transcription factor SOX2. Genetic lineage tracing has shown that SOX2+ lingual progenitors give rise to both taste and non-taste lingual epithelium in the posterior circumvallate taste papilla (CVP) of mice. However, SOX2 is variably expressed among CVP epithelial cells, suggesting that their progenitor potential may vary. Using transcriptome analysis and organoid technology, we show that cells expressing SOX2 at higher levels are taste-competent progenitors that give rise to organoids comprising both TRCs and lingual epithelium. Conversely, organoids derived from progenitors that express SOX2 at lower levels are composed entirely of non-taste cells. Hedgehog and WNT/β-catenin are required for taste homeostasis in adult mice. However, manipulation of hedgehog signaling in organoids has no impact on TRC differentiation or progenitor proliferation. By contrast, WNT/β-catenin promotes TRC differentiation in vitro in organoids derived from higher but not low SOX2+ expressing progenitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren A. Shechtman
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Rocky Mountain Taste and Smell Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Jennifer K. Scott
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Rocky Mountain Taste and Smell Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Eric D. Larson
- Rocky Mountain Taste and Smell Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Trevor J. Isner
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Rocky Mountain Taste and Smell Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Cell Biology, Stem Cells and Development Graduate Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Bryan J. Johnson
- Cell Biology, Stem Cells and Development Graduate Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Dany Gaillard
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Rocky Mountain Taste and Smell Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Peter J. Dempsey
- Cell Biology, Stem Cells and Development Graduate Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Section of Developmental Biology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Linda A. Barlow
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Rocky Mountain Taste and Smell Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Cell Biology, Stem Cells and Development Graduate Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Rhee YH, Choi YH, Hu AC, Lee MY, Ahn JC, Kim S, Mo JH, Woo SH, Chung PS. Role of Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 1 in Sonic Hedgehog-Dependent Taste Bud Differentiation. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 13:life13010075. [PMID: 36676024 PMCID: PMC9862146 DOI: 10.3390/life13010075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Taste bud cell differentiation is extremely important for taste sensation. Immature taste bud cells cannot function during taste perception transmission to the nerve. In this study, we investigated whether hedgehog signaling affected taste bud cell differentiation and whether transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) played a key role in dry mouth. The induction of dry mouth due to salivary gland resection (SGR) was confirmed on the basis of reduced salivation and disrupted fungiform papillae. The expression of keratin 8 (K8) of taste bud cells, neurofilament (NF), sonic hedgehog (Shh), and glioma-associated oncogene homolog 1 (Gli1) around taste bud cells was downregulated; however, the expression of TRPV1, P2X purinoceptor 3 (P2X3), and hematopoietic stem cell factor (c-Kit) was upregulated at the NF ends in the dry mouth group. To investigate the effect of TRPV1 defect on dry mouth, we induced dry mouth in the TRPV-/- group. The K8, NF, and P2X3 expression patterns were the same in the TRPV1 wild-type and TRPV1-/- dry mouth groups. However, Shh and c-Kit expression decreased regardless of dry mouth in the case of TRPV1 deficiency. These results indicated that TRPV1 positively regulated proliferation during taste bud cell injury by blocking the Shh/Gli1 pathway. In addition, not only cell proliferation but also differentiation of taste bud cells could not be regulated under TRPV1-deficiency conditions. Thus, TRPV1 positively regulates taste bud cell innervation and differentiation; this finding could be valuable in the clinical treatment of dry mouth-related taste dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Hee Rhee
- Beckman Laser Institute Korea, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
- Medical Laser Research Center, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
- Laser Translational Clinical Trial Center, Dankook University Hospital, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Hoon Choi
- Laser Translational Clinical Trial Center, Dankook University Hospital, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Allison C. Hu
- Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, University of California Irvine, 1002 Health Sciences Rd., Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Min Young Lee
- Beckman Laser Institute Korea, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
- Medical Laser Research Center, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Chul Ahn
- Beckman Laser Institute Korea, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
- Medical Laser Research Center, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Sehwan Kim
- Beckman Laser Institute Korea, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hun Mo
- Beckman Laser Institute Korea, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
- Medical Laser Research Center, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
- Laser Translational Clinical Trial Center, Dankook University Hospital, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hoon Woo
- Beckman Laser Institute Korea, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
- Medical Laser Research Center, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
- Laser Translational Clinical Trial Center, Dankook University Hospital, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Phil-Sang Chung
- Beckman Laser Institute Korea, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
- Medical Laser Research Center, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
- Laser Translational Clinical Trial Center, Dankook University Hospital, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Scott-Solomon E, Hsu YC. Neurobiology, Stem Cell Biology, and Immunology: An Emerging Triad for Understanding Tissue Homeostasis and Repair. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 2022; 38:419-446. [PMID: 36201298 PMCID: PMC10085582 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-cellbio-120320-032429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The peripheral nervous system (PNS) endows animals with the remarkable ability to sense and respond to a dynamic world. Emerging evidence shows the PNS also participates in tissue homeostasis and repair by integrating local changes with organismal and environmental changes. Here, we provide an in-depth summary of findings delineating the diverse roles of peripheral nerves in modulating stem cell behaviors and immune responses under steady-state conditions and in response to injury and duress, with a specific focus on the skin and the hematopoietic system. These examples showcase how elucidating neuro-stem cell and neuro-immune cell interactions provides a conceptual framework that connects tissue biology and local immunity with systemic bodily changes to meet varying demands. They also demonstrate how changes in these interactions can manifest in stress, aging, cancer, and inflammation, as well as how these findings can be harnessed to guide the development of new therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily Scott-Solomon
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; ,
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ya-Chieh Hsu
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; ,
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Vukmanovic Nosrat I, Palacios JL, Kezian S, Luong G, Tran A, Vu K, Henson BS, Nosrat P, Lutfy K, Nosrat CA. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor overexpression in taste buds diminishes chemotherapy induced taste loss. Eur J Neurosci 2022; 56:4967-4982. [PMID: 35986485 PMCID: PMC9804163 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Vismodegib is used in patients suffering from advanced basal cell carcinoma (BCC), but 100% of the patients taking it report dysgeusia and 50% discontinue the treatment. Treatment with neurotrophic factors can stimulate neuronal survival and functional improvement in injured organs. Here, we analysed novel transgenic mouse lines in which brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is overexpressed in taste buds, to examine whether higher levels of BDNF would reduce or prevent negative side effects of vismodegib in the taste system. BDNF plays crucial roles for development, target innervation, and survival of gustatory neurons and taste buds. The behavioural test in this study showed that vehicle-treated wild-type mice prefered 10 mM sucrose over water, whereas vismodegib treatment in wild-type mice caused total taste loss. Gustducin-BDNF mice had a significantly increased preference for low concentration of sucrose solution over water compared to wild-type mice, and most importantly the transgenic mice were able to detect low concentrations of sucrose following vismodegib treatment. We evaluated taste cell morphology, identity, innervation and proliferation using immunohistochemistry. All drug-treated mice exhibited deficits, but because of a possible functional upcycled priming of the peripheral gustatory system, GB mice demonstrated better morphological preservation of the peripheral gustatory system. Our study indicates that overexpression of BDNF in taste buds plays a role in preventing degeneration of taste buds. Counteracting the negative side effects of vismodegib treatment might improve compliance and achieve better outcome in patients suffering from advanced BCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jerry L. Palacios
- Graduate College of Biomedical SciencesWestern University of Health SciencesPomonaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Steven Kezian
- Graduate College of Biomedical SciencesWestern University of Health SciencesPomonaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Gloria Luong
- Graduate College of Biomedical SciencesWestern University of Health SciencesPomonaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Andrew Tran
- Graduate College of Biomedical SciencesWestern University of Health SciencesPomonaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Kim Vu
- Graduate College of Biomedical SciencesWestern University of Health SciencesPomonaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Bradley S. Henson
- College of Dental MedicineWestern University of Health SciencesPomonaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Philip Nosrat
- College of Dental MedicineWestern University of Health SciencesPomonaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Kabirullah Lutfy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of PharmacyWestern University of Health SciencesPomonaCaliforniaUSA
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Barlow LA. The sense of taste: Development, regeneration, and dysfunction. WIREs Mech Dis 2022; 14:e1547. [PMID: 34850604 PMCID: PMC11152580 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Gustation or the sense of taste is a primary sense, which functions as a gatekeeper for substances that enter the body. Animals, including humans, ingest foods that contain appetitive taste stimuli, including those that have sweet, moderately salty and umami (glutamate) components, and tend to avoid bitter-tasting items, as many bitter compounds are toxic. Taste is mediated by clusters of heterogeneous taste receptors cells (TRCs) organized as taste buds on the tongue, and these convey taste information from the oral cavity to higher order brain centers via the gustatory sensory neurons of the seventh and ninth cranial ganglia. One remarkable aspect of taste is that taste perception is mostly uninterrupted throughout life yet TRCs within buds are constantly renewed; every 1-2 months all taste cells have been steadily replaced. In the past decades we have learned a substantial amount about the cellular and molecular regulation of taste bud cell renewal, and how taste buds are initially established during embryogenesis. Here I review more recent findings pertaining to taste development and regeneration, as well as discuss potential mechanisms underlying taste dysfunction that often occurs with disease or its treatment. This article is categorized under: Infectious Diseases > Stem Cells and Development Cancer > Stem Cells and Development Neurological Diseases > Stem Cells and Development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linda A Barlow
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, Graduate Program in Cell Biology, Stem Cells & Development, and the Rocky Mountain Taste & Smell Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Lu C, Lin X, Yamashita J, Xi R, Zhou M, Zhang YV, Wang H, Margolskee RF, Koo BK, Clevers H, Matsumoto I, Jiang P. RNF43/ZNRF3 negatively regulates taste tissue homeostasis and positively regulates dorsal lingual epithelial tissue homeostasis. Stem Cell Reports 2022; 17:369-383. [PMID: 34995498 PMCID: PMC8828551 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2021.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Taste bud cells are renewed throughout life in a process requiring innervation. Recently, we reported that R-spondin substitutes for neuronal input for taste cell regeneration. R-spondin amplifies WNT signaling by interacting with stem-cell-expressed E3 ubiquitin ligases RNF43/ZNRF3 (negative regulators of WNT signaling) and G-protein-coupled receptors LGR4/5/6 (positive regulators of WNT signaling). Therefore, we hypothesized that RNF43/ZNRF3 may serve as a brake, controlled by gustatory neuron-produced R-spondin, for regulating taste tissue homeostasis. Here, we show that mice deficient for Rnf43/Znrf3 in KRT5-expressing epithelial stem/progenitor cells (RZ dKO) exhibited taste cell hyperplasia; in stark contrast, epithelial tissue on the tongue degenerated. WNT signaling blockade substantially reversed all these effects in RZ dKO mice. Furthermore, innervation becomes dispensable for taste cell renewal in RZ dKO mice. We thus demonstrate important but distinct functions of RNF43/ZNRF3 in regulating taste versus lingual epithelial tissue homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chanyi Lu
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Xiaoli Lin
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | - Ranhui Xi
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Minliang Zhou
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Yali V Zhang
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Hong Wang
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | - Bon-Kyoung Koo
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria
| | - Hans Clevers
- Hubrecht Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, and University Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Peihua Jiang
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Kumari A, Li L, Ermilov AN, Franks NE, Dlugosz AA, Allen BL, Mistretta CM. Hedgehog (HH) pathway endogenous antagonist HHIP: unique lingual expression in filiform papillae during homeostasis and ectopic in fungiform papillae during HH signaling inhibition. Dev Dyn 2022; 251:1175-1195. [PMID: 35048440 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hedgehog (HH) signaling is essential for homeostasis in gustatory fungiform papillae (FP) and taste buds. However, activities of HH antagonists in these tissues remain unexplored. We investigated a potential role for HH-interacting protein (HHIP), an endogenous pathway antagonist, in regulating HH signaling during taste organ homeostasis. We found a restricted pattern of Hhip-expressing cells in the anterior epithelium of each nongustatory filiform papilla (FILIF) only. To test for roles in antagonism of HH signaling, we investigated HHIP after pathway inhibition with SMO inhibition via sonidegib and Smo deletion, Gli2 deletion/suppression, or with chorda tympani/lingual nerve cut. RESULTS In all approaches, the HHIP expression pattern was retained in FILIF suggesting HH-independent regulation of HHIP. Remarkably, after pathway inhibition, HHIP expression was detected also in the conical, FILIF-like atypical FP. We found a close association of de novo expression of HHIP in atypical FP with loss of Gli1+, HH-responding cells. Further, we report that PTCH1 is another potential HH antagonist in FILIF that co-localizes with HHIP. CONCLUSIONS After HH pathway inhibition the ectopic expression of HHIP correlates with a FILIF-like morphology in atypical FP and we propose that localized expression of the HH antagonist HHIP regulates pathway inhibition to maintain FILIF during tongue homeostasis. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Archana Kumari
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America.,Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Libo Li
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Alexandre N Ermilov
- Department of Dermatology, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Nicole E Franks
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Andrzej A Dlugosz
- Department of Dermatology, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Benjamin L Allen
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Charlotte M Mistretta
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Donnelly CR, Kumari A, Li L, Vesela I, Bradley RM, Mistretta CM, Pierchala BA. Probing the multimodal fungiform papilla: complex peripheral nerve endings of chorda tympani taste and mechanosensitive fibers before and after Hedgehog pathway inhibition. Cell Tissue Res 2021; 387:225-247. [PMID: 34859291 PMCID: PMC8821500 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-021-03561-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The fungiform papilla (FP) is a gustatory and somatosensory structure incorporating chorda tympani (CT) nerve fibers that innervate taste buds (TB) and also contain somatosensory endings for touch and temperature. Hedgehog (HH) pathway inhibition eliminates TB, but CT innervation remains in the FP. Importantly, after HH inhibition, CT neurophysiological responses to taste stimuli are eliminated, but tactile responses remain. To examine CT fibers that respond to tactile stimuli in the absence of TB, we used Phox2b-Cre; Rosa26LSL−TdTomato reporter mice to selectively label CT fibers with TdTomato. Normally CT fibers project in a compact bundle directly into TB, but after HH pathway inhibition, CT fibers reorganize and expand just under the FP epithelium where TB were. This widened expanse of CT fibers coexpresses Synapsin-1, β-tubulin, S100, and neurofilaments. Further, GAP43 expression in these fibers suggests they are actively remodeling. Interestingly, CT fibers have complex terminals within the apical FP epithelium and in perigemmal locations in the FP apex. These extragemmal fibers remain after HH pathway inhibition. To identify tactile end organs in FP, we used a K20 antibody to label Merkel cells. In control mice, K20 was expressed in TB cells and at the base of epithelial ridges outside of FP. After HH pathway inhibition, K20 + cells remained in epithelial ridges but were eliminated in the apical FP without TB. These data suggest that the complex, extragemmal nerve endings within and disbursed under the apical FP are the mechanosensitive nerve endings of the CT that remain after HH pathway inhibition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R Donnelly
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.,Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Archana Kumari
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, NJ, USA
| | - Libo Li
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Iva Vesela
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Robert M Bradley
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Charlotte M Mistretta
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Brian A Pierchala
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. .,Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, IN, Indianapolis, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Chachar S, Chen J, Qin Y, Wu X, Yu H, Zhou Q, Fan X, Wang C, Brownell I, Xiao Y. Reciprocal signals between nerve and epithelium: how do neurons talk with epithelial cells? AMERICAN JOURNAL OF STEM CELLS 2021; 10:56-67. [PMID: 34849302 PMCID: PMC8610808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Most epithelium tissues continuously undergo self-renewal through proliferation and differentiation of epithelial stem cells (known as homeostasis), within a specialized stem cell niche. In highly innervated epithelium, peripheral nerves compose perineural niche and support stem cell homeostasis by releasing a variety of neurotransmitters, hormones, and growth factors and supplying trophic factors to the stem cells. Emerging evidence has shown that both sensory and motor nerves can regulate the fate of epithelial stem cells, thus influencing epithelium homeostasis. Understanding the mechanism of crosstalk between epithelial stem cells and neurons will reveal the important role of the perineural niche in physiological and pathological conditions. Herein, we review recent discoveries of the perineural niche in epithelium mainly in tissue homeostasis, with a limited touch in wound repair and pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sadaruddin Chachar
- Central Lab of Biomedical Research Center, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310020, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Crop Production, Sindh Agriculture UniversityTandojam 70060, Pakistan
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310016, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, International Campus, Zhejiang UniversityHaining 314400, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yumei Qin
- School of Food Science and Bioengineering, Zhejiang Gongshang UniversityHangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xia Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310020, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haiyan Yu
- Department of Dermatology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310020, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiang Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310020, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaojiao Fan
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chaochen Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310016, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, International Campus, Zhejiang UniversityHaining 314400, Zhejiang, China
| | - Isaac Brownell
- Dermatology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesda 20892, Maryland, USA
| | - Ying Xiao
- Central Lab of Biomedical Research Center, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310020, Zhejiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Golden EJ, Larson ED, Shechtman LA, Trahan GD, Gaillard D, Fellin TJ, Scott JK, Jones KL, Barlow LA. Onset of taste bud cell renewal starts at birth and coincides with a shift in SHH function. eLife 2021; 10:64013. [PMID: 34009125 PMCID: PMC8172241 DOI: 10.7554/elife.64013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Embryonic taste bud primordia are specified as taste placodes on the tongue surface and differentiate into the first taste receptor cells (TRCs) at birth. Throughout adult life, TRCs are continually regenerated from epithelial progenitors. Sonic hedgehog (SHH) signaling regulates TRC development and renewal, repressing taste fate embryonically, but promoting TRC differentiation in adults. Here, using mouse models, we show TRC renewal initiates at birth and coincides with onset of SHHs pro-taste function. Using transcriptional profiling to explore molecular regulators of renewal, we identified Foxa1 and Foxa2 as potential SHH target genes in lingual progenitors at birth and show that SHH overexpression in vivo alters FoxA1 and FoxA2 expression relevant to taste buds. We further bioinformatically identify genes relevant to cell adhesion and cell locomotion likely regulated by FOXA1;FOXA2 and show that expression of these candidates is also altered by forced SHH expression. We present a new model where SHH promotes TRC differentiation by regulating changes in epithelial cell adhesion and migration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erin J Golden
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, United States.,The Rocky Mountain Taste and Smell Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, United States
| | - Eric D Larson
- The Rocky Mountain Taste and Smell Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, United States.,Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, United States
| | - Lauren A Shechtman
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, United States.,The Rocky Mountain Taste and Smell Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, United States
| | - G Devon Trahan
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology, Oncology, and Bone Marrow Transplant, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, United States
| | - Dany Gaillard
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, United States.,The Rocky Mountain Taste and Smell Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, United States
| | - Timothy J Fellin
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, United States.,The Rocky Mountain Taste and Smell Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, United States
| | - Jennifer K Scott
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, United States.,The Rocky Mountain Taste and Smell Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, United States
| | - Kenneth L Jones
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology, Oncology, and Bone Marrow Transplant, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, United States
| | - Linda A Barlow
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, United States.,The Rocky Mountain Taste and Smell Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, United States
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Immune gustatory processing: immune responses to drugs shape peripheral taste signals. CURRENT OPINION IN PHYSIOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2021.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
24
|
R-spondin substitutes for neuronal input for taste cell regeneration in adult mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 118:2001833118. [PMID: 33443181 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2001833118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Taste bud cells regenerate throughout life. Taste bud maintenance depends on continuous replacement of senescent taste cells with new ones generated by adult taste stem cells. More than a century ago it was shown that taste buds degenerate after their innervating nerves are transected and that they are not restored until after reinnervation by distant gustatory ganglion neurons. Thus, neuronal input, likely via neuron-supplied factors, is required for generation of differentiated taste cells and taste bud maintenance. However, the identity of such a neuron-supplied niche factor(s) remains unclear. Here, by mining a published RNA-sequencing dataset of geniculate ganglion neurons and by in situ hybridization, we demonstrate that R-spondin-2, the ligand of Lgr5 and its homologs Lgr4/6 and stem-cell-expressed E3 ligases Rnf43/Znrf3, is expressed in nodose-petrosal and geniculate ganglion neurons. Using the glossopharyngeal nerve transection model, we show that systemic delivery of R-spondin via adenovirus can promote generation of differentiated taste cells despite denervation. Thus, exogenous R-spondin can substitute for neuronal input for taste bud cell replenishment and taste bud maintenance. Using taste organoid cultures, we show that R-spondin is required for generation of differentiated taste cells and that, in the absence of R-spondin in culture medium, taste bud cells are not generated ex vivo. Thus, we propose that R-spondin-2 may be the long-sought neuronal factor that acts on taste stem cells for maintaining taste tissue homeostasis.
Collapse
|
25
|
Hedgehog pathway activation through nanobody-mediated conformational blockade of the Patched sterol conduit. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:28838-28846. [PMID: 33139559 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2011560117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Activation of the Hedgehog pathway may have therapeutic value for improved bone healing, taste receptor cell regeneration, and alleviation of colitis or other conditions. Systemic pathway activation, however, may be detrimental, and agents amenable to tissue targeting for therapeutic application have been lacking. We have developed an agonist, a conformation-specific nanobody against the Hedgehog receptor Patched1 (PTCH1). This nanobody potently activates the Hedgehog pathway in vitro and in vivo by stabilizing an alternative conformation of a Patched1 "switch helix," as revealed by our cryogenic electron microscopy structure. Nanobody-binding likely traps Patched in one stage of its transport cycle, thus preventing substrate movement through the Patched1 sterol conduit. Unlike the native Hedgehog ligand, this nanobody does not require lipid modifications for its activity, facilitating mechanistic studies of Hedgehog pathway activation and the engineering of pathway activating agents for therapeutic use. Our conformation-selective nanobody approach may be generally applicable to the study of other PTCH1 homologs.
Collapse
|
26
|
Tirou L, Russo M, Faure H, Pellegrino G, Sharif A, Ruat M. C9C5 positive mature oligodendrocytes are a source of Sonic Hedgehog in the mouse brain. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0229362. [PMID: 32078657 PMCID: PMC7032736 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In the mature rodent brain, Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) signaling regulates stem and progenitor cell maintenance, neuronal and glial circuitry and brain repair. However, the sources and distribution of Shh mediating these effects are still poorly characterized. Here, we report in the adult mouse brain, a broad expression pattern of Shh recognized by the specific monoclonal C9C5 antibody in a subset (11–12%) of CC1+ mature oligodendrocytes that do not express carbonic anhydrase II. These cells express also Olig2 and Sox10, two oligodendrocyte lineage-specific markers, but not PDGFRα, a marker of oligodendrocyte progenitors. In agreement with oligodendroglial cells being a source of Shh in the adult mouse brain, we identify Shh transcripts by single molecule fluorescent in situ hybridization in a subset of cells expressing Olig2 and Sox10 mRNAs. These findings also reveal that Shh expression is more extensive than originally reported. The Shh-C9C5-associated signal labels the oligodendroglial cell body and decorates by intense puncta the processes. C9C5+ cells are distributed in a grid-like manner. They constitute small units that could deliver locally Shh to its receptor Patched expressed in GFAP+ and S100β+ astrocytes, and in HuC/D+ neurons as shown in PtcLacZ/+ reporter mice. Postnatally, C9C5 immunoreactivity overlaps the myelination peak that occurs between P10 and P20 and is down regulated during ageing. Thus, our data suggest that C9C5+CC1+ oligodendroglial cells are a source of Shh in the mouse postnatal brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linda Tirou
- UMR-9197, Neuroscience Paris-Saclay Institute, CNRS, Paris Saclay University, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Mariagiovanna Russo
- UMR-9197, Neuroscience Paris-Saclay Institute, CNRS, Paris Saclay University, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Helene Faure
- UMR-9197, Neuroscience Paris-Saclay Institute, CNRS, Paris Saclay University, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Giuliana Pellegrino
- UMR-9197, Neuroscience Paris-Saclay Institute, CNRS, Paris Saclay University, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | - Martial Ruat
- UMR-9197, Neuroscience Paris-Saclay Institute, CNRS, Paris Saclay University, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Takai S, Watanabe Y, Sanematsu K, Yoshida R, Margolskee RF, Jiang P, Atsuta I, Koyano K, Ninomiya Y, Shigemura N. Effects of insulin signaling on mouse taste cell proliferation. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0225190. [PMID: 31714935 PMCID: PMC6850543 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression of insulin and its receptor (IR) in rodent taste cells has been proposed, but exactly which types of taste cells express IR and the function of insulin signaling in taste organ have yet to be determined. In this study, we analyzed expression of IR mRNA and protein in mouse taste bud cells in vivo and explored its function ex vivo in organoids, using RT-PCR, immunohistochemistry, and quantitative PCR. In mouse taste tissue, IR was expressed broadly in taste buds, including in type II and III taste cells. With using 3-D taste bud organoids, we found insulin in the culture medium significantly decreased the number of taste cell and mRNA expression levels of many taste cell genes, including nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase-2 (NTPDase2), Tas1R3 (T1R3), gustducin, carbonic anhydrase 4 (CA4), glucose transporter-8 (GLUT8), and sodium-glucose cotransporter-1 (SGLT1) in a concentration-dependent manner. Rapamycin, an inhibitor of mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling, diminished insulin's effects and increase taste cell generation. Altogether, circulating insulin might be an important regulator of taste cell growth and/or proliferation via activation of the mTOR pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Takai
- Section of Oral Neuroscience, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
- * E-mail: (ST); (NS)
| | - Yu Watanabe
- Section of Oral Neuroscience, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Section of Removable Prosthodontics, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Keisuke Sanematsu
- Section of Oral Neuroscience, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ryusuke Yoshida
- Department of Oral Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | | | - Peihua Jiang
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Ikiru Atsuta
- Section of Removable Prosthodontics, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Koyano
- Section of Removable Prosthodontics, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuzo Ninomiya
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
- Division of Sensory Physiology, Research and Development Center for Five-Sense Devices Taste and Odor Sensing, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Noriatsu Shigemura
- Section of Oral Neuroscience, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Division of Sensory Physiology, Research and Development Center for Five-Sense Devices Taste and Odor Sensing, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- * E-mail: (ST); (NS)
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Fan D, Chettouh Z, Consalez GG, Brunet JF. Taste bud formation depends on taste nerves. eLife 2019; 8:e49226. [PMID: 31570121 PMCID: PMC6785267 DOI: 10.7554/elife.49226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been known for more than a century that, in adult vertebrates, the maintenance of taste buds depends on their afferent nerves. However, the initial formation of taste buds is proposed to be nerve-independent in amphibians, and evidence to the contrary in mammals has been endlessly debated, mostly due to indirect and incomplete means to impede innervation during the protracted perinatal period of taste bud differentiation. Here, by genetically ablating, in mice, all somatic (i.e. touch) or visceral (i.e. taste) neurons for the oral cavity, we show that the latter but not the former are absolutely required for the proper formation of their target organs, the taste buds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Di Fan
- Institut de Biologie de l’ENS (IBENS), Inserm, CNRS, École normale supérieure, PSL Research UniversityParisFrance
- School of Life ScienceEast China Normal UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Zoubida Chettouh
- Institut de Biologie de l’ENS (IBENS), Inserm, CNRS, École normale supérieure, PSL Research UniversityParisFrance
| | - G Giacomo Consalez
- San Raffaele Scientific Institute and Università Vita-Salute San RaffaeleMilanoItaly
| | - Jean-François Brunet
- Institut de Biologie de l’ENS (IBENS), Inserm, CNRS, École normale supérieure, PSL Research UniversityParisFrance
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Galperin I, Dempwolff L, Diederich WE, Lauth M. Inhibiting Hedgehog: An Update on Pharmacological Compounds and Targeting Strategies. J Med Chem 2019; 62:8392-8411. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ilya Galperin
- Center for Tumor and Immune Biology (ZTI), Philipps University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 3, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Lukas Dempwolff
- School of Pharmacy, Center for Tumor and Immune Biology (ZTI), Philipps University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 3, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Wibke E. Diederich
- School of Pharmacy, Center for Tumor and Immune Biology (ZTI), Philipps University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 3, 35043 Marburg, Germany
- Core Facility Medicinal Chemistry, Philipps University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 3, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Lauth
- Center for Tumor and Immune Biology (ZTI), Philipps University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 3, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Rivell A, Petralia RS, Wang YX, Clawson E, Moehl K, Mattson MP, Yao PJ. Sonic hedgehog expression in the postnatal brain. Biol Open 2019; 8:bio.040592. [PMID: 30837226 PMCID: PMC6451348 DOI: 10.1242/bio.040592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Beyond its role in patterning the neural tube during embryogenesis, additional functions of Sonic hedgehog (Shh) in post-embryonic and mature brains have been coming into focus. However, the question of the abundance of endogenous Shh - the ligand of the signaling pathway - and its changes over time in post-embryonic and mature brains are less well understood. Here we find that while the amounts of Shh transcript and protein in rat brains are nearly undetectable at birth, they increase continuously during postnatal development and remain at readily detectable levels in young adults. This developmental age-associated increase in Shh levels is also seen in hippocampal neurons grown in culture, in which very young neurons produce minimal amounts of Shh protein but, as neurons grow and form synapses, the amounts of Shh increase significantly. Using immunolabeling with antibodies to different residues of Shh, we observed that the N-terminal fragment and the C-terminal fragment of Shh are present in hippocampal neurons, and that these two Shh forms co-exist in most compartments of the neuron. Our findings provide a better understanding of Shh expression in the brain, laying the groundwork for further comprehending the biogenesis of Shh protein in the young and mature brain and neurons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aileen Rivell
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, NIA/NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | | | - Ya-Xian Wang
- Advanced Imaging Core, NIDCD/NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ellie Clawson
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, NIA/NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Keelin Moehl
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, NIA/NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Mark P Mattson
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, NIA/NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Pamela J Yao
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, NIA/NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Hedgehog Signaling Regulates Taste Organs and Oral Sensation: Distinctive Roles in the Epithelium, Stroma, and Innervation. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20061341. [PMID: 30884865 PMCID: PMC6471208 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20061341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hedgehog (Hh) pathway has regulatory roles in maintaining and restoring lingual taste organs, the papillae and taste buds, and taste sensation. Taste buds and taste nerve responses are eliminated if Hh signaling is genetically suppressed or pharmacologically inhibited, but regeneration can occur if signaling is reactivated within the lingual epithelium. Whereas Hh pathway disruption alters taste sensation, tactile and cold responses remain intact, indicating that Hh signaling is modality-specific in regulation of tongue sensation. However, although Hh regulation is essential in taste, the basic biology of pathway controls is not fully understood. With recent demonstrations that sonic hedgehog (Shh) is within both taste buds and the innervating ganglion neurons/nerve fibers, it is compelling to consider Hh signaling throughout the tongue and taste organ cell and tissue compartments. Distinctive signaling centers and niches are reviewed in taste papilla epithelium, taste buds, basal lamina, fibroblasts and lamellipodia, lingual nerves, and sensory ganglia. Several new roles for the innervation in lingual Hh signaling are proposed. Hh signaling within the lingual epithelium and an intact innervation each is necessary, but only together are sufficient to sustain and restore taste buds. Importantly, patients who use Hh pathway inhibiting drugs confront an altered chemosensory world with loss of taste buds and taste responses, intact lingual touch and cold sensation, and taste recovery after drug discontinuation.
Collapse
|
32
|
Rios-Pilier J, Krimm RF. TrkB expression and dependence divides gustatory neurons into three subpopulations. Neural Dev 2019; 14:3. [PMID: 30691513 PMCID: PMC6350382 DOI: 10.1186/s13064-019-0127-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background During development, gustatory (taste) neurons likely undergo numerous changes in morphology and expression prior to differentiation into maturity, but little is known this process or the factors that regulate it. Neuron differentiation is likely regulated by a combination of transcription and growth factors. Embryonically, most geniculate neuron development is regulated by the growth factor brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Postnatally, however, BDNF expression becomes restricted to subpopulations of taste receptor cells with specific functions. We hypothesized that during development, the receptor for BDNF, tropomyosin kinase B receptor (TrkB), may also become developmentally restricted to a subset of taste neurons and could be one factor that is differentially expressed across taste neuron subsets. Methods We used transgenic mouse models to label both geniculate neurons innervating the oral cavity (Phox2b+), which are primarily taste, from those projecting to the outer ear (auricular neurons) to label TrkB expressing neurons (TrkBGFP). We also compared neuron number, taste bud number, and taste receptor cell types in wild-type animals and conditional TrkB knockouts. Results Between E15.5-E17.5, TrkB receptor expression becomes restricted to half of the Phox2b + neurons. This TrkB downregulation was specific to oral cavity projecting neurons, since TrkB expression remained constant throughout development in the auricular geniculate neurons (Phox2b-). Conditional TrkB removal from oral sensory neurons (Phox2b+) reduced this population to 92% of control levels, indicating that only 8% of these neurons do not depend on TrkB for survival during development. The remaining neurons failed to innervate any remaining taste buds, 14% of which remained despite the complete loss of innervation. Finally, some types of taste receptor cells (Car4+) were more dependent on innervation than others (PLCβ2+). Conclusions Together, these findings indicate that TrkB expression and dependence divides gustatory neurons into three subpopulations: 1) neurons that always express TrkB and are TrkB-dependent during development (50%), 2) neurons dependent on TrkB during development but that downregulate TrkB expression between E15.5 and E17.5 (41%), and 3) neurons that never express or depend on TrkB (9%). These TrkB-independent neurons are likely non-gustatory, as they do not innervate taste buds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Rios-Pilier
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, 511 S. Floyd St., MDR Building Room 111, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Robin F Krimm
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, 511 S. Floyd St., MDR Building Room 111, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Species generalization and differences in Hedgehog pathway regulation of fungiform and circumvallate papilla taste function and somatosensation demonstrated with sonidegib. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16150. [PMID: 30385780 PMCID: PMC6212413 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34399-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Species generalization in the profound, modality-specific effects of Hedgehog pathway inhibition (HPI) in taste organ homeostasis and sensation is shown. With the HPI, cancer drug sonidegib, we demonstrate that the rat taste system, in addition to mouse, is regulated by Hedgehog signaling. After sonidegib treatment for 16–36 days in rat, there is loss of taste buds (TB) in soft palate, in fungiform (FP) and circumvallate papillae (CV), and elimination of taste responses from chorda tympani and glossopharyngeal nerves. The retained innervation in FP and CV during HPI cannot sustain TB. Responses to tactile stimuli are not altered, and temperature responses are reduced only after 28 days treatment, demonstrating modality-specific effects. Rat FP and neural effects are similar to those in mouse whereas TB and neural response effects from the rat CV are much more severe. When recovery is introduced in mouse after prolonged, 48 days HPI, the TB in CV are restored whereas those in FP are not. Overall, Hedgehog signaling regulation is shown to generalize to the rat taste system, and the modality-specific controls in taste organ sensation are affirmed. The reported, debilitating taste disturbances in patients who use HPI drugs can be better understood based on these data.
Collapse
|