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Zhou L, Ni C, Liao R, Tang X, Yi T, Ran M, Huang M, Liao R, Zhou X, Qin D, Wang L, Huang F, Xie X, Wan Y, Luo J, Wang Y, Wu J. Activating SRC/MAPK signaling via 5-HT1A receptor contributes to the effect of vilazodone on improving thrombocytopenia. eLife 2024; 13:RP94765. [PMID: 38573820 PMCID: PMC10994662 DOI: 10.7554/elife.94765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Thrombocytopenia caused by long-term radiotherapy and chemotherapy exists in cancer treatment. Previous research demonstrates that 5-Hydroxtrayptamine (5-HT) and its receptors induce the formation of megakaryocytes (MKs) and platelets. However, the relationships between 5-HT1A receptor (5-HTR1A) and MKs is unclear so far. We screened and investigated the mechanism of vilazodone as a 5-HTR1A partial agonist in promoting MK differentiation and evaluated its therapeutic effect in thrombocytopenia. We employed a drug screening model based on machine learning (ML) to screen the megakaryocytopoiesis activity of Vilazodone (VLZ). The effects of VLZ on megakaryocytopoiesis were verified in HEL and Meg-01 cells. Tg (itga2b: eGFP) zebrafish was performed to analyze the alterations in thrombopoiesis. Moreover, we established a thrombocytopenia mice model to investigate how VLZ administration accelerates platelet recovery and function. We carried out network pharmacology, Western blot, and immunofluorescence to demonstrate the potential targets and pathway of VLZ. VLZ has been predicted to have a potential biological action. Meanwhile, VLZ administration promotes MK differentiation and thrombopoiesis in cells and zebrafish models. Progressive experiments showed that VLZ has a potential therapeutic effect on radiation-induced thrombocytopenia in vivo. The network pharmacology and associated mechanism study indicated that SRC and MAPK signaling are both involved in the processes of megakaryopoiesis facilitated by VLZ. Furthermore, the expression of 5-HTR1A during megakaryocyte differentiation is closely related to the activation of SRC and MAPK. Our findings demonstrated that the expression of 5-HTR1A on MK, VLZ could bind to the 5-HTR1A receptor and further regulate the SRC/MAPK signaling pathway to facilitate megakaryocyte differentiation and platelet production, which provides new insights into the alternative therapeutic options for thrombocytopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhou
- Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical UniversityLuZhouChina
| | - Chengyang Ni
- Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical UniversityLuZhouChina
| | - Ruixue Liao
- Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical UniversityLuZhouChina
| | - Xiaoqin Tang
- Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical UniversityLuZhouChina
| | - Taian Yi
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChengduChina
| | - Mei Ran
- Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical UniversityLuZhouChina
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical UniversityLuzhouChina
| | - Miao Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChengduChina
| | - Rui Liao
- Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical UniversityLuZhouChina
| | - Xiaogang Zhou
- Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical UniversityLuZhouChina
| | - Dalian Qin
- Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical UniversityLuZhouChina
| | - Long Wang
- Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical UniversityLuZhouChina
| | - Feihong Huang
- Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical UniversityLuZhouChina
| | - Xiang Xie
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Public Center of Experimental Technology, Model Animal and Human Disease Research of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Southwest Medical UniversityLuzhouChina
| | - Ying Wan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical UniversityLuzhouChina
| | - Jiesi Luo
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical UniversityLuzhouChina
| | - Yiwei Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical UniversityLuzhouChina
| | - Jianming Wu
- Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical UniversityLuZhouChina
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical UniversityLuzhouChina
- Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Southwest Medical UniversityLuzhouChina
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2
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Saettini F, Guerra F, Fazio G, Bugarin C, McMillan HJ, Ohtake A, Ardissone A, Itoh M, Giglio S, Cappuccio G, Giardino G, Romano R, Quadri M, Gasperini S, Moratto D, Chiarini M, Akira I, Fukuhara Y, Hayakawa I, Okazaki Y, Mauri M, Piazza R, Cazzaniga G, Biondi A. Antibody Deficiency in Patients with Biallelic KARS1 Mutations. J Clin Immunol 2023; 43:2115-2125. [PMID: 37770806 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-023-01584-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Biallelic KARS1 mutations cause KARS-related diseases, a rare syndromic condition encompassing central and peripheral nervous system impairment, heart and liver disease, and deafness. KARS1 encodes the t-RNA synthase of lysine, an aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase, involved in different physiological mechanisms (such as angiogenesis, post-translational modifications, translation initiation, autophagy and mitochondrial function). Although patients with immune-hematological abnormalities have been individually described, results have not been collectively discussed and functional studies investigating how KARS1 mutations affect B cells have not been performed. Here, we describe one patient with severe developmental delay, sensoneurinal deafness, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, hypogammaglobulinemia and recurrent infections. Pathogenic biallelic KARS1 variants (Phe291Val/ Pro499Leu) were associated with impaired B cell metabolism (decreased mitochondrial numbers and activity). All published cases of KARS-related diseases were identified. The corresponding authors and researchers involved in the diagnosis of inborn errors of immunity or genetic syndromes were contacted to obtain up-to-date clinical and immunological information. Seventeen patients with KARS-related diseases were identified. Recurrent/severe infections (9/17) and B cell abnormalities (either B cell lymphopenia [3/9], hypogammaglobulinemia [either IgG, IgA or IgM; 6/15] or impaired vaccine responses [4/7]) were frequently reported. Immunoglobulin replacement therapy was given in five patients. Full immunological assessment is warranted in these patients, who may require detailed investigation and specific supportive treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Saettini
- Centro Tettamanti, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo Dei Tintori, Monza, Italy.
| | - Fabiola Guerra
- Pediatria, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo Dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
- Dipartimento Di Medicina E Chirurgia, Università Degli Studi Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Grazia Fazio
- Centro Tettamanti, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo Dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
| | - Cristina Bugarin
- Centro Tettamanti, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo Dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
| | - Hugh J McMillan
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Akira Ohtake
- Department of Clinical Genomics & Pediatrics, Saitama Medical University, Moroyama, Saitama, Japan
| | - Anna Ardissone
- Child Neurology, "Fondazione IRCCS IstitutoNeurologico Carlo Besta, Via Celoria 11, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Masayuki Itoh
- Department of Mental Retardation and Birth Defect Research, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan
| | - Sabrina Giglio
- Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Gerarda Cappuccio
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Section of Pediatrics, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
- Current address: Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Giuliana Giardino
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Section of Pediatrics, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Roberta Romano
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Section of Pediatrics, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Manuel Quadri
- Centro Tettamanti, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo Dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
| | - Serena Gasperini
- Pediatria, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo Dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
| | - Daniele Moratto
- Flow Cytometry Unit, Clinical ChemistryLaboratory, ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Marco Chiarini
- Flow Cytometry Unit, Clinical ChemistryLaboratory, ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Ishiguro Akira
- Center for Postgraduate Education and Training, National Center for Child Health and Development (NCCHD), Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Hematology, National Center for Child Health and Development (NCCHD), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Fukuhara
- Division of Medical Genetics, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Itaru Hayakawa
- Division of Neurology, National Center for Child Health and Development (NCCHD), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasushi Okazaki
- Division of Neurology, National Center for Child Health and Development (NCCHD), Tokyo, Japan
- Diagnostics and Therapeutic of Intractable Diseases, Intractable Disease Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mario Mauri
- Dipartimento Di Medicina E Chirurgia, Università Degli Studi Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Rocco Piazza
- Ematologia, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
| | - Gianni Cazzaniga
- Centro Tettamanti, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo Dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
- Dipartimento Di Medicina E Chirurgia, Università Degli Studi Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Biondi
- Centro Tettamanti, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo Dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
- Pediatria, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo Dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
- Dipartimento Di Medicina E Chirurgia, Università Degli Studi Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
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3
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Kimura A, Takagi T, Thamamongood T, Sakamoto S, Ito T, Seki I, Okamoto M, Aono H, Serada S, Naka T, Imataka H, Miyake K, Ueda T, Miyanokoshi M, Wakasugi K, Iwamoto N, Ohmagari N, Iguchi T, Nitta T, Takayanagi H, Yamashita H, Kaneko H, Tsuchiya H, Fujio K, Handa H, Suzuki H. Extracellular aaRSs drive autoimmune and inflammatory responses in rheumatoid arthritis via the release of cytokines and PAD4. Ann Rheum Dis 2023; 82:1153-1161. [PMID: 37400117 DOI: 10.1136/ard-2023-224055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Recent studies demonstrate that extracellular-released aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs) play unique roles in immune responses and diseases. This study aimed to understand the role of extracellular aaRSs in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS Primary macrophages and fibroblast-like synoviocytes were cultured with aaRSs. aaRS-induced cytokine production including IL-6 and TNF-α was detected by ELISA. Transcriptomic features of aaRS-stimulated macrophages were examined using RNA-sequencing. Serum and synovial fluid (SF) aaRS levels in patients with RA were assessed using ELISA. Peptidyl arginine deiminase (PAD) 4 release from macrophages stimulated with aaRSs was detected by ELISA. Citrullination of aaRSs by themselves was examined by immunoprecipitation and western blotting. Furthermore, aaRS inhibitory peptides were used for inhibition of arthritis in two mouse RA models, collagen-induced arthritis and collagen antibody-induced arthritis. RESULTS All 20 aaRSs functioned as alarmin; they induced pro-inflammatory cytokines through the CD14-MD2-TLR4 axis. Stimulation of macrophages with aaRSs displayed persistent innate inflammatory responses. Serum and SF levels of many aaRSs increased in patients with RA compared with control subjects. Furthermore, aaRSs released PAD4 from living macrophages, leading to their citrullination. We demonstrate that aaRS inhibitory peptides suppress cytokine production and PAD4 release by aaRSs and alleviate arthritic symptoms in a mouse RA model. CONCLUSIONS Our findings uncovered the significant role of aaRSs as a novel alarmin in RA pathogenesis, indicating that their blocking agents are potent antirheumatic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Kimura
- Dep of Immunology and Pathology, Research Center for Hepatitis and Immunology, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Ichikawa-shi, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takeshi Takagi
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Thiprampai Thamamongood
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Satoshi Sakamoto
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takumi Ito
- Center for Future Medical Research, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Iwao Seki
- Research and Development Department, AYUMI Pharmaceutical Corporation, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Okamoto
- Research and Development Department, AYUMI Pharmaceutical Corporation, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Aono
- Research and Development Department, AYUMI Pharmaceutical Corporation, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Serada
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences Molecular Pathophysiology, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Iwate, Japan
| | - Tetsuji Naka
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences Molecular Pathophysiology, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Iwate, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Imataka
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Hyogo, Himeji, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Kensuke Miyake
- Division of Innate Immunity, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuya Ueda
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miki Miyanokoshi
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keisuke Wakasugi
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noriko Iwamoto
- Disease Control and Prevention Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norio Ohmagari
- Disease Control and Prevention Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Iguchi
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nitta
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takayanagi
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yamashita
- Division of Rheumatic Diseases, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kaneko
- Division of Rheumatic Diseases, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haruka Tsuchiya
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keishi Fujio
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Handa
- Center for Future Medical Research, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Harumi Suzuki
- Dep of Immunology and Pathology, Research Center for Hepatitis and Immunology, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Ichikawa-shi, Chiba, Japan
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4
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Cui H, Diedrich JK, Wu DC, Lim JJ, Nottingham RM, Moresco JJ, Yates JR, Blencowe BJ, Lambowitz AM, Schimmel P. Arg-tRNA synthetase links inflammatory metabolism to RNA splicing and nuclear trafficking via SRRM2. Nat Cell Biol 2023; 25:592-603. [PMID: 37059883 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-023-01118-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Cells respond to perturbations such as inflammation by sensing changes in metabolite levels. Especially prominent is arginine, which has known connections to the inflammatory response. Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases, enzymes that catalyse the first step of protein synthesis, can also mediate cell signalling. Here we show that depletion of arginine during inflammation decreased levels of nuclear-localized arginyl-tRNA synthetase (ArgRS). Surprisingly, we found that nuclear ArgRS interacts and co-localizes with serine/arginine repetitive matrix protein 2 (SRRM2), a spliceosomal and nuclear speckle protein, and that decreased levels of nuclear ArgRS correlated with changes in condensate-like nuclear trafficking of SRRM2 and splice-site usage in certain genes. These splice-site usage changes cumulated in the synthesis of different protein isoforms that altered cellular metabolism and peptide presentation to immune cells. Our findings uncover a mechanism whereby an aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase cognate to a key amino acid that is metabolically controlled during inflammation modulates the splicing machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haissi Cui
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jolene K Diedrich
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Douglas C Wu
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology and Departments of Molecular Biosciences and Oncology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Justin J Lim
- The Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ryan M Nottingham
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology and Departments of Molecular Biosciences and Oncology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - James J Moresco
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Center for the Genetics of Host Defense, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - John R Yates
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Benjamin J Blencowe
- The Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alan M Lambowitz
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology and Departments of Molecular Biosciences and Oncology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
| | - Paul Schimmel
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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5
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Zhu Z, Sun S, Jiang T, Zhang L, Chen M, Chen S. A double-edged sword of platelet-derived extracellular vesicles in tissues, injury or repair: The current research overview. Tissue Cell 2023; 82:102066. [PMID: 36924675 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2023.102066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are vesicular bodies with a double-layered membrane structure that are detached from the cell membrane or secreted by the cells. EVs secreted by platelets account for the main part in the blood circulation, which account for about 30% or even more. Many types of cells are regulated by PEVs, including endothelial cells, leukocytes, smooth muscle cells, etc. Nevertheless, despite the growing interest in the study of extracellular vesicles, there are still only a few studies on the role of PEVs. Therefore, this overview mainly focuses on one method of isolation and the functions of PEVs in tissues found so far, including promoting tissue repair and mediating tissue damage, which can be used for researchers to continue to explore the role of PEVs in other fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zepeng Zhu
- Department of Urology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China; Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Si Sun
- Department of Urology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China; Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tiancheng Jiang
- Department of Urology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China; Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Urology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China; Surgical Research Center, Institute of Urology, Southeast University Medical School, Nanjing, China.
| | - Ming Chen
- Department of Urology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China; Surgical Research Center, Institute of Urology, Southeast University Medical School, Nanjing, China.
| | - Shuqiu Chen
- Department of Urology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China; Surgical Research Center, Institute of Urology, Southeast University Medical School, Nanjing, China.
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6
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Kanaji S, Chen W, Morodomi Y, Shapiro R, Kanaji T, Yang XL. Mechanistic perspectives on anti-aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase syndrome. Trends Biochem Sci 2023; 48:288-302. [PMID: 36280495 PMCID: PMC9974581 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2022.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Antisynthetase syndrome (ASSD) is an autoimmune disease characterized by circulating autoantibodies against one of eight aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs). Although these autoantibodies are believed to play critical roles in ASSD pathogenesis, the nature of their roles remains unclear. Here we describe ASSD pathogenesis and discuss ASSD-linked aaRSs - from the WHEP domain that may impart immunogenicity to the role of tRNA in eliciting the innate immune response and the secretion of aaRSs from cells. Through these explorations, we propose that ASSD pathogenesis involves the tissue-specific secretion of aaRSs and that extracellular tRNAs or tRNA fragments and their ability to engage Toll-like receptor signaling may be important disease factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachiko Kanaji
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Wenqian Chen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Yosuke Morodomi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Ryan Shapiro
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Taisuke Kanaji
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Xiang-Lei Yang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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7
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The Application of Ethnomedicine in Modulating Megakaryocyte Differentiation and Platelet Counts. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043168. [PMID: 36834579 PMCID: PMC9961075 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Megakaryocytes (MKs), a kind of functional hematopoietic stem cell, form platelets to maintain platelet balance through cell differentiation and maturation. In recent years, the incidence of blood diseases such as thrombocytopenia has increased, but these diseases cannot be fundamentally solved. The platelets produced by MKs can treat thrombocytopenia-associated diseases in the body, and myeloid differentiation induced by MKs has the potential to improve myelosuppression and erythroleukemia. Currently, ethnomedicine is extensively used in the clinical treatment of blood diseases, and the recent literature has reported that many phytomedicines can improve the disease status through MK differentiation. This paper reviewed the effects of botanical drugs on megakaryocytic differentiation covering the period 1994-2022, and information was obtained from PubMed, Web of Science and Google Scholar. In conclusions, we summarized the role and molecular mechanism of many typical botanical drugs in promoting megakaryocyte differentiation in vivo, providing evidence as much as possible for botanical drugs treating thrombocytopenia and other related diseases in the future.
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8
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Yang S, Wang L, Wu Y, Wu A, Huang F, Tang X, Kantawong F, Anuchapreeda S, Qin D, Mei Q, Chen J, Huang X, Zhang C, Wu J. Apoptosis in megakaryocytes: Safeguard and threat for thrombopoiesis. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1025945. [PMID: 36685543 PMCID: PMC9845629 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1025945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelets, generated from precursor megakaryocytes (MKs), are central mediators of hemostasis and thrombosis. The process of thrombopoiesis is extremely complex, regulated by multiple factors, and related to many cellular events including apoptosis. However, the role of apoptosis in thrombopoiesis has been controversial for many years. Some researchers believe that apoptosis is an ally of thrombopoiesis and platelets production is apoptosis-dependent, while others have suggested that apoptosis is dispensable for thrombopoiesis, and is even inhibited during this process. In this review, we will focus on this conflict, discuss the relationship between megakaryocytopoiesis, thrombopoiesis and apoptosis. In addition, we also consider why such a vast number of studies draw opposite conclusions of the role of apoptosis in thrombopoiesis, and try to figure out the truth behind the mystery. This review provides more comprehensive insights into the relationship between megakaryocytopoiesis, thrombopoiesis, and apoptosis and finds some clues for the possible pathological mechanisms of platelet disorders caused by abnormal apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Long Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yuesong Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Anguo Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, the Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education of China, Medical Key Laboratory for Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation of Sichuan Province, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, Luzhou, China
| | - Feihong Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, the Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education of China, Medical Key Laboratory for Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation of Sichuan Province, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, Luzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqin Tang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Fahsai Kantawong
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Songyot Anuchapreeda
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Dalian Qin
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Qibing Mei
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jianping Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xinwu Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Chunxiang Zhang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, the Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education of China, Medical Key Laboratory for Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation of Sichuan Province, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, Luzhou, China
| | - Jianming Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, the Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education of China, Medical Key Laboratory for Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation of Sichuan Province, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, Luzhou, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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9
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Morodomi Y, Kanaji S, Sullivan BM, Zarpellon A, Orje JN, Won E, Shapiro R, Yang XL, Ruf W, Schimmel P, Ruggeri ZM, Kanaji T. Inflammatory platelet production stimulated by tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase mimicking viral infection. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2212659119. [PMID: 36409883 PMCID: PMC9860251 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2212659119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelets play a role not only in hemostasis and thrombosis, but also in inflammation and innate immunity. We previously reported that an activated form of tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase (YRSACT) has an extratranslational activity that enhances megakaryopoiesis and platelet production in mice. Here, we report that YRSACT mimics inflammatory stress inducing a unique megakaryocyte (MK) population with stem cell (Sca1) and myeloid (F4/80) markers through a mechanism dependent on Toll-like receptor (TLR) activation and type I interferon (IFN-I) signaling. This mimicry of inflammatory stress by YRSACT was studied in mice infected by lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV). Using Sca1/EGFP transgenic mice, we demonstrated that IFN-I induced by YRSACT or LCMV infection suppressed normal hematopoiesis while activating an alternative pathway of thrombopoiesis. Platelets of inflammatory origin (Sca1/EGFP+) were a relevant proportion of those circulating during recovery from thrombocytopenia. Analysis of these "inflammatory" MKs and platelets suggested their origin in myeloid/MK-biased hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) that bypassed the classical MK-erythroid progenitor (MEP) pathway to replenish platelets and promote recovery from thrombocytopenia. Notably, inflammatory platelets displayed enhanced agonist-induced activation and procoagulant activities. Moreover, myeloid/MK-biased progenitors and MKs were mobilized from the bone marrow, as evidenced by their presence in the lung microvasculature within fibrin-containing microthrombi. Our results define the function of YRSACT in platelet generation and contribute to elucidate platelet alterations in number and function during viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Morodomi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, MERU-Roon Research Center on Vascular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA92037
- The Scripps Laboratories for tRNA Synthetase Research, Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA92037
| | - Sachiko Kanaji
- Department of Molecular Medicine, MERU-Roon Research Center on Vascular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA92037
- The Scripps Laboratories for tRNA Synthetase Research, Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA92037
| | - Brian M. Sullivan
- Viral-Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA92037
| | | | - Jennifer N. Orje
- Department of Molecular Medicine, MERU-Roon Research Center on Vascular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA92037
- MERU-VasImmune, Inc., San Diego, CA92121
| | - Eric Won
- Department of Molecular Medicine, MERU-Roon Research Center on Vascular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA92037
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University of California, San Diego, CA92093
- Rady Children’s Hospital, San Diego, CA92123
| | - Ryan Shapiro
- The Scripps Laboratories for tRNA Synthetase Research, Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA92037
| | - Xiang-Lei Yang
- The Scripps Laboratories for tRNA Synthetase Research, Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA92037
| | - Wolfram Ruf
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55128Germany
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA92037
| | - Paul Schimmel
- The Scripps Laboratories for tRNA Synthetase Research, Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA92037
| | - Zaverio M. Ruggeri
- Department of Molecular Medicine, MERU-Roon Research Center on Vascular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA92037
- MERU-VasImmune, Inc., San Diego, CA92121
| | - Taisuke Kanaji
- Department of Molecular Medicine, MERU-Roon Research Center on Vascular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA92037
- The Scripps Laboratories for tRNA Synthetase Research, Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA92037
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10
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Factors Associated with Platelet Activation-Recent Pharmaceutical Approaches. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063301. [PMID: 35328719 PMCID: PMC8955963 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelets are at the forefront of human health and disease following the advances in their research presented in past decades. Platelet activation, their most crucial function, although beneficial in the case of vascular injury, may represent the initial step for thrombotic complications characterizing various pathologic states, primarily atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. In this review, we initially summarize the structural and functional characteristics of platelets. Next, we focus on the process of platelet activation and its associated factors, indicating the potential molecular mechanisms involving inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and miRs. Finally, an overview of the available antiplatelet agents is being portrayed, together with agents possessing off-set platelet-inhibitory actions, while an extensive presentation of drugs under investigation is being given.
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11
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Yao H, Xu H, Qiu S, Chen J, Lin Z, Zhu J, Sun X, Gao Q, Chen X, Xi C, Huang D, Zhang F, Gao S, Wang Z, Zhang J, Liu X, Ren G, Tao X, Li M, Chen W. Choline deficiency-related multi-omics characteristics are susceptible factors for chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia. Pharmacol Res 2022; 178:106155. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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12
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Discovery of a novel megakaryopoiesis enhancer, ingenol, promoting thrombopoiesis through PI3K-Akt signaling independent of thrombopoietin. Pharmacol Res 2022; 177:106096. [PMID: 35077844 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Thrombocytopenia, a most common complication of radiotherapy and chemotherapy, is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in cancer patients. However, there are still no approved agents for the treatment of radiation- and chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia (RIT and CIT, respectively). In this study, a drug screening model for predicting compounds with activity in promoting megakaryocyte (MK) differentiation and platelet production was established based on machine learning (ML), and a natural product ingenol was predicted as a potential active compound. Then, in vitro experiments showed that ingenol significantly promoted MK differentiation in K562 and HEL cells. Furthermore, a RIT mice model and c-MPL knock-out (c-MPL-/-) mice constructed by CRISPR/Cas9 technology were used to assess the therapeutic action of ingenol on thrombocytopenia. The results showed that ingenol accelerated megakaryopoiesis and thrombopoiesis both in RIT mice and c-MPL-/- mice. Next, RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) was carried out to analyze the gene expression profile induced by ingenol during MK differentiation. Finally, through experimental verifications, we demonstrated that the activation of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway was involved in ingenol-induced MK differentiation. Blocking PI3K/Akt signaling pathway abolished the promotion of ingenol on MK differentiation. Nevertheless, inhibition of TPO/c-MPL signaling pathway could not suppress ingenol-induced MK differentiation. In conclusion, our study builds a drug screening model to discover active compounds against thrombocytopenia, reveals the critical roles of ingenol in promoting MK differentiation and platelet production, and provides a promising avenue for the treatment of RIT.
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13
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Averdunk L, Sticht H, Surowy H, Lüdecke HJ, Koch-Hogrebe M, Alsaif HS, Kahrizi K, Alzaidan H, Alawam BS, Tohary M, Kraus C, Endele S, Wadman E, Kaplan JD, Efthymiou S, Najmabadi H, Reis A, Alkuraya FS, Wieczorek D. The recurrent missense mutation p.(Arg367Trp) in YARS1 causes a distinct neurodevelopmental phenotype. J Mol Med (Berl) 2021; 99:1755-1768. [PMID: 34536092 PMCID: PMC8599376 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-021-02124-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Pathogenic variants in aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (ARS1) cause a diverse spectrum of autosomal recessive disorders. Tyrosyl tRNA synthetase (TyrRS) is encoded by YARS1 (cytosolic, OMIM*603,623) and is responsible of coupling tyrosine to its specific tRNA. Next to the enzymatic domain, TyrRS has two additional functional domains (N-Terminal TyrRSMini and C-terminal EMAP-II-like domain) which confer cytokine-like functions. Mutations in YARS1 have been associated with autosomal-dominant Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) neuropathy type C and a heterogenous group of autosomal recessive, multisystem diseases. We identified 12 individuals from 6 families with the recurrent homozygous missense variant c.1099C > T;p.(Arg367Trp) (NM_003680.3) in YARS1. This variant causes a multisystem disorder with developmental delay, microcephaly, failure to thrive, short stature, muscular hypotonia, ataxia, brain anomalies, microcytic anemia, hepatomegaly, and hypothyroidism. In silico analyses show that the p.(Arg367Trp) does not affect the catalytic domain responsible of enzymatic coupling, but destabilizes the cytokine-like C-terminal domain. The phenotype associated with p.(Arg367Trp) is distinct from the other biallelic pathogenic variants that reside in different functional domains of TyrRS which all show some common, but also divergent clinical signs [(e.g., p.(Phe269Ser)-retinal anomalies, p.(Pro213Leu)/p.(Gly525Arg)-mild ID, p.(Pro167Thr)-high fatality)]. The diverse clinical spectrum of ARS1-associated disorders is related to mutations affecting the various non-canonical domains of ARS1, and impaired protein translation is likely not the exclusive disease-causing mechanism of YARS1- and ARS1-associated neurodevelopmental disorders. KEY MESSAGES: The missense variant p.(Arg367Trp) in YARS1 causes a distinct multisystem disorder. p.(Arg367Trp) affects a non-canonical domain with cytokine-like functions. Phenotypic heterogeneity associates with the different affected YARS1 domains. Impaired protein translation is likely not the exclusive mechanism of ARS1-associated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Averdunk
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Heinrich Sticht
- Division of Bioinformatics, Institute of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Harald Surowy
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Hermann-Josef Lüdecke
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Hessa S Alsaif
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kimia Kahrizi
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamad Alzaidan
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bashayer S Alawam
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Tohary
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Cornelia Kraus
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sabine Endele
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Erin Wadman
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Nemours Alfred I, DuPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, Delaware, DE, USA
| | - Julie D Kaplan
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Nemours Alfred I, DuPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, Delaware, DE, USA
| | - Stephanie Efthymiou
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology and The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | - Hossein Najmabadi
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - André Reis
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Fowzan S Alkuraya
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dagmar Wieczorek
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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14
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Burman L, Chong YE, Duncan S, Klaus A, Rauch K, Hamel K, Hervé K, Pfaffen S, Collins DW, Heyries K, Nangle L, Hansen C, King DJ. Isolation of monoclonal antibodies from anti-synthetase syndrome patients and affinity maturation by recombination of independent somatic variants. MAbs 2021; 12:1836718. [PMID: 33131414 PMCID: PMC7646482 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2020.1836718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The autoimmune disease known as Jo-1 positive anti-synthetase syndrome (ASS) is characterized by circulating antibody titers to histidyl-tRNA synthetase (HARS), which may play a role in modulating the non-canonical functions of HARS. Monoclonal antibodies to HARS were isolated by single-cell screening and sequencing from three Jo-1 positive ASS patients and shown to be of high affinity, covering diverse epitope space. The immune response was further characterized by repertoire sequencing from the most productive of the donor samples. In line with previous studies of autoimmune repertoires, these antibodies tended to have long complementarity-determining region H3 sequences with more positive-charged residues than average. Clones of interest were clustered into groups with related sequences, allowing us to observe different somatic mutations in related clones. We postulated that these had found alternate structural solutions for high affinity binding, but that mutations might be transferable between clones to further enhance binding affinity. Transfer of somatic mutations between antibodies within the same clonal group was able to enhance binding affinity in a number of cases, including beneficial transfer of a mutation from a lower affinity clone into one of higher affinity. Affinity enhancement was seen with mutation transfer both between related single-cell clones, and directly from related repertoire sequences. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of somatic hypermutation transfer from repertoire sequences to further mature in vivo derived antibodies, and represents an additional tool to aid in affinity maturation for the development of antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Burman
- Discovery Biology, aTyr Pharma , San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Carl Hansen
- AbCellera Biologics Inc ., Vancouver, BC, USA
| | - David J King
- Discovery Biology, aTyr Pharma , San Diego, CA, USA
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15
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Liu C, Wu D, Xia M, Li M, Sun Z, Shen B, Liu Y, Jiang E, Wang H, Su P, Shi L, Xiao Z, Zhu X, Zhou W, Wang Q, Gao X, Cheng T, Zhou J. Characterization of Cellular Heterogeneity and an Immune Subpopulation of Human Megakaryocytes. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2100921. [PMID: 34042332 PMCID: PMC8336508 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202100921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Megakaryocytes (MKs) and their progeny platelets function in a variety of biological processes including coagulation, hemostasis, inflammation, angiogenesis, and innate immunity. However, the divergent developmental and cellular landscape of adult MKs remains mysterious. Here, by deriving the single-cell transcriptomic profiling of MKs from human adult bone marrow (BM), cellular heterogeneity within MKs is unveiled and an MK subpopulation with high enrichment of immune-associated genes is identified. By performing the dynamic single-cell transcriptomic landscape of human megakaryopoiesis in vitro, it is found that the immune signatures of MKs can be traced back to the progenitor stage. Furthermore, two surface markers, CD148 and CD48, are identified for mature MKs with immune characteristics. At the functional level, these CD148+ CD48+ MKs can respond rapidly to immune stimuli both in vitro and in vivo, exhibit high-level expression of immune receptors and mediators, and may function as immune-surveillance cells. The findings uncover the cellular heterogeneity and a novel immune subset of human adult MKs and should greatly facilitate the understanding of the divergent functions of MKs under physiological and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuicui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental HematologyNational Clinical Research Center for Blood DiseasesInstitute of Hematology and Blood Diseases HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeTianjin300020China
- Center for Stem Cell MedicineChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative MedicinePeking Union Medical CollegeTianjin300020China
| | - Dan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental HematologyNational Clinical Research Center for Blood DiseasesInstitute of Hematology and Blood Diseases HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeTianjin300020China
- Center for Stem Cell MedicineChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative MedicinePeking Union Medical CollegeTianjin300020China
| | - Meijuan Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental HematologyNational Clinical Research Center for Blood DiseasesInstitute of Hematology and Blood Diseases HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeTianjin300020China
- Center for Stem Cell MedicineChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative MedicinePeking Union Medical CollegeTianjin300020China
| | - Minmin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental HematologyNational Clinical Research Center for Blood DiseasesInstitute of Hematology and Blood Diseases HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeTianjin300020China
- Center for Stem Cell MedicineChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative MedicinePeking Union Medical CollegeTianjin300020China
| | - Zhiqiang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental HematologyNational Clinical Research Center for Blood DiseasesInstitute of Hematology and Blood Diseases HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeTianjin300020China
- Center for Stem Cell MedicineChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative MedicinePeking Union Medical CollegeTianjin300020China
| | - Biao Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental HematologyNational Clinical Research Center for Blood DiseasesInstitute of Hematology and Blood Diseases HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeTianjin300020China
- Center for Stem Cell MedicineChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative MedicinePeking Union Medical CollegeTianjin300020China
| | - Yiying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental HematologyNational Clinical Research Center for Blood DiseasesInstitute of Hematology and Blood Diseases HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeTianjin300020China
- Center for Stem Cell MedicineChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative MedicinePeking Union Medical CollegeTianjin300020China
| | - Erlie Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental HematologyNational Clinical Research Center for Blood DiseasesInstitute of Hematology and Blood Diseases HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeTianjin300020China
- Center for Stem Cell MedicineChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative MedicinePeking Union Medical CollegeTianjin300020China
| | - Hongtao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental HematologyNational Clinical Research Center for Blood DiseasesInstitute of Hematology and Blood Diseases HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeTianjin300020China
- Center for Stem Cell MedicineChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative MedicinePeking Union Medical CollegeTianjin300020China
| | - Pei Su
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental HematologyNational Clinical Research Center for Blood DiseasesInstitute of Hematology and Blood Diseases HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeTianjin300020China
- Center for Stem Cell MedicineChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative MedicinePeking Union Medical CollegeTianjin300020China
| | - Lihong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental HematologyNational Clinical Research Center for Blood DiseasesInstitute of Hematology and Blood Diseases HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeTianjin300020China
- Center for Stem Cell MedicineChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative MedicinePeking Union Medical CollegeTianjin300020China
| | - Zhijian Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental HematologyNational Clinical Research Center for Blood DiseasesInstitute of Hematology and Blood Diseases HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeTianjin300020China
- Center for Stem Cell MedicineChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative MedicinePeking Union Medical CollegeTianjin300020China
| | - Xiaofan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental HematologyNational Clinical Research Center for Blood DiseasesInstitute of Hematology and Blood Diseases HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeTianjin300020China
- Center for Stem Cell MedicineChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative MedicinePeking Union Medical CollegeTianjin300020China
| | - Wen Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer InvasionMinistry of EducationKey Laboratory of CarcinogenesisNational Health and Family Planning CommissionCancer Research InstituteSchool of Basic Medical ScienceCentral South UniversityChangsha410078China
| | - Qianfei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision MedicineCollaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and DevelopmentBeijing Institute of GenomicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China
| | - Xin Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental HematologyNational Clinical Research Center for Blood DiseasesInstitute of Hematology and Blood Diseases HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeTianjin300020China
- Center for Stem Cell MedicineChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative MedicinePeking Union Medical CollegeTianjin300020China
| | - Tao Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental HematologyNational Clinical Research Center for Blood DiseasesInstitute of Hematology and Blood Diseases HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeTianjin300020China
- Center for Stem Cell MedicineChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative MedicinePeking Union Medical CollegeTianjin300020China
| | - Jiaxi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental HematologyNational Clinical Research Center for Blood DiseasesInstitute of Hematology and Blood Diseases HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeTianjin300020China
- Center for Stem Cell MedicineChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative MedicinePeking Union Medical CollegeTianjin300020China
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16
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Sun J, Uchiyama S, Olson J, Morodomi Y, Cornax I, Ando N, Kohno Y, Kyaw MMT, Aguilar B, Haste NM, Kanaji S, Kanaji T, Rose WE, Sakoulas G, Marth JD, Nizet V. Repurposed drugs block toxin-driven platelet clearance by the hepatic Ashwell-Morell receptor to clear Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia. Sci Transl Med 2021; 13:13/586/eabd6737. [PMID: 33762439 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abd6737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (SA) bloodstream infections cause high morbidity and mortality (20 to 30%) despite modern supportive care. In a human bacteremia cohort, we found that development of thrombocytopenia was correlated to increased mortality and increased α-toxin expression by the pathogen. Platelet-derived antibacterial peptides are important in bloodstream defense against SA, but α-toxin decreased platelet viability, induced platelet sialidase to cause desialylation of platelet glycoproteins, and accelerated platelet clearance by the hepatic Ashwell-Morell receptor (AMR). Ticagrelor (Brilinta), a commonly prescribed P2Y12 receptor inhibitor used after myocardial infarction, blocked α-toxin-mediated platelet injury and resulting thrombocytopenia, thereby providing protection from lethal SA infection in a murine intravenous challenge model. Genetic deletion or pharmacological inhibition of AMR stabilized platelet counts and enhanced resistance to SA infection, and the anti-influenza sialidase inhibitor oseltamivir (Tamiflu) provided similar therapeutic benefit. Thus, a "toxin-platelet-AMR" regulatory pathway plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of SA bloodstream infection, and its elucidation provides proof of concept for repurposing two commonly prescribed drugs as adjunctive therapies to improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josh Sun
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.,Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Satoshi Uchiyama
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Joshua Olson
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Yosuke Morodomi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, MERU-Roon Research Center on Vascular Biology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Ingrid Cornax
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Nao Ando
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Yohei Kohno
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - May M T Kyaw
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Bernice Aguilar
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Nina M Haste
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.,Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Sachiko Kanaji
- Department of Molecular Medicine, MERU-Roon Research Center on Vascular Biology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Taisuke Kanaji
- Department of Molecular Medicine, MERU-Roon Research Center on Vascular Biology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Warren E Rose
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - George Sakoulas
- Department of Pediatrics, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jamey D Marth
- Center for Nanomedicine, UC Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA.,Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, UC Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Victor Nizet
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.,Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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17
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Adams RA, Fernandes-Cerqueira C, Notarnicola A, Mertsching E, Xu Z, Lo WS, Ogilvie K, Chiang KP, Ampudia J, Rosengren S, Cubitt A, King DJ, Mendlein JD, Yang XL, Nangle LA, Lundberg IE, Jakobsson PJ, Schimmel P. Serum-circulating His-tRNA synthetase inhibits organ-targeted immune responses. Cell Mol Immunol 2021; 18:1463-1475. [PMID: 31797905 PMCID: PMC8166958 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-019-0331-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
His-tRNA synthetase (HARS) is targeted by autoantibodies in chronic and acute inflammatory anti-Jo-1-positive antisynthetase syndrome. The extensive activation and migration of immune cells into lung and muscle are associated with interstitial lung disease, myositis, and morbidity. It is unknown whether the sequestration of HARS is an epiphenomenon or plays a causal role in the disease. Here, we show that HARS circulates in healthy individuals, but it is largely undetectable in the serum of anti-Jo-1-positive antisynthetase syndrome patients. In cultured primary human skeletal muscle myoblasts (HSkMC), HARS is released in increasing amounts during their differentiation into myotubes. We further show that HARS regulates immune cell engagement and inhibits CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell activation. In mouse and rodent models of acute inflammatory diseases, HARS administration downregulates immune activation. In contrast, neutralization of extracellular HARS by high-titer antibody responses during tissue injury increases susceptibility to immune attack, similar to what is seen in humans with anti-Jo-1-positive disease. Collectively, these data suggest that extracellular HARS is homeostatic in normal subjects, and its sequestration contributes to the morbidity of the anti-Jo-1-positive antisynthetase syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan A Adams
- aTyr Pharma, 3545 John Hopkins Court, Suite 250, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Cátia Fernandes-Cerqueira
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Antonella Notarnicola
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Zhiwen Xu
- aTyr Pharma, 3545 John Hopkins Court, Suite 250, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
- IAS HKUST- Scripps R&D Laboratory, Institute for Advanced Study, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, and Pangu Biopharma, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wing-Sze Lo
- IAS HKUST- Scripps R&D Laboratory, Institute for Advanced Study, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, and Pangu Biopharma, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kathleen Ogilvie
- aTyr Pharma, 3545 John Hopkins Court, Suite 250, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Kyle P Chiang
- aTyr Pharma, 3545 John Hopkins Court, Suite 250, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Jeanette Ampudia
- aTyr Pharma, 3545 John Hopkins Court, Suite 250, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Sanna Rosengren
- aTyr Pharma, 3545 John Hopkins Court, Suite 250, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Andrea Cubitt
- aTyr Pharma, 3545 John Hopkins Court, Suite 250, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - David J King
- aTyr Pharma, 3545 John Hopkins Court, Suite 250, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - John D Mendlein
- aTyr Pharma, 3545 John Hopkins Court, Suite 250, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Xiang-Lei Yang
- The Scripps Laboratories for tRNA Synthetase Research, 10650 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Leslie A Nangle
- aTyr Pharma, 3545 John Hopkins Court, Suite 250, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Ingrid E Lundberg
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per-Johan Jakobsson
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paul Schimmel
- The Scripps Laboratories for tRNA Synthetase Research, 10650 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
- The Scripps Laboratories for tRNA Synthetase Research, Scripps Florida, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA.
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18
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Platelet-derived extracellular vesicles infiltrate and modify the bone marrow during inflammation. Blood Adv 2021; 4:3011-3023. [PMID: 32614966 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2020001758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
During inflammation, steady-state hematopoiesis switches to emergency hematopoiesis to repopulate myeloid cells, with a bias toward the megakaryocytic lineage. Soluble inflammatory cues are thought to be largely responsible for these alterations. However, how these plasma factors rapidly alter the bone marrow (BM) is not understood. Inflammation also drives platelet activation, causing the release of platelet-derived extracellular vesicles (PEVs), which package diverse cargo and reprogram target cells. We hypothesized that PEVs infiltrate the BM, providing a direct mode of communication between the plasma and BM environments. We transfused fluorescent, wild-type (MPL+) platelets into recipient cMpl-/-mice before triggering systemic inflammation. Twenty hours postinfusion, we observed significant infiltration of donor platelet-derived particles in the BM, which we tracked immunophenotypically (MPL+ immunohistochemistry staining) and quantified by flow cytometry. To determine if this phenomenon relates to humans, we extensively characterized both megakaryocyte-derived and PEVs generated in vitro and in vivo, and found enrichment of extracellular vesicles in bone marrow compared with autologous peripheral blood. Last, BM from cMpl-/- mice was cultured in the presence or absence of wild-type (MPL+) PEVs. After 72 hours, flow cytometry revealed increased megakaryocytes only in cultures with added PEVs. The majority of CD41+ cells were bound to PEVs, suggesting a PEV-mediated rescue of megakaryopoiesis. In conclusion, we report for the first time that plasma-residing PEVs infiltrate the BM. Further, PEVs interact with BM cells in vivo and in vitro, causing functional reprogramming that may represent a novel model of inflammation-induced hematopoiesis.
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19
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Mechanisms of anti-GPIbα antibody-induced thrombocytopenia in mice. Blood 2021; 135:2292-2301. [PMID: 32157300 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2019003770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an acquired bleeding disorder characterized by antibody-mediated platelet destruction. Different mechanisms have been suggested to explain accelerated platelet clearance and impaired thrombopoiesis, but the pathophysiology of ITP has yet to be fully delineated. In this study, we tested 2 mouse models of immune-mediated thrombocytopenia using the rat anti-mouse GPIbα monoclonal antibody 5A7, generated in our laboratory. After a single IV administration of high-dose (2 mg/kg) 5A7, opsonized platelets were rapidly cleared from the circulation into the spleen and liver; this was associated with rapid upregulation of thrombopoietin (TPO) messenger RNA. In contrast, subcutaneous administration of low-dose 5A7 (0.08-0.16 mg/kg) every 3 days gradually lowered the platelet count; in this case, opsonized platelets were observed only in the spleen, and TPO levels remained unaltered. Interestingly, in both models, the 5A7 antibody was found on the surface of, as well as internalized to, bone marrow megakaryocytes. Consequently, platelets generated in the chronic phase of repeated subcutaneous 5A7 administration model showed reduced GPIbα membrane expression on their surface. Our findings indicate that evaluation of platelet surface GPIbα relative to platelet size may be a useful marker to support the diagnosis of anti-GPIbα antibody-induced ITP.
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20
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Generation and manipulation of human iPSC-derived platelets. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:3385-3401. [PMID: 33439272 PMCID: PMC7804213 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03749-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of iPSCs has led to the ex vivo production of differentiated cells for regenerative medicine. In the case of transfusion products, the derivation of platelets from iPSCs is expected to complement our current blood-donor supplied transfusion system through donor-independent production with complete pathogen-free assurance. This derivation can also overcome alloimmune platelet transfusion refractoriness by resulting in autologous, HLA-homologous or HLA-deficient products. Several developments were necessary to produce a massive number of platelets required for a single transfusion. First, expandable megakaryocytes were established from iPSCs through transgene expression. Second, a turbulent-type bioreactor with improved platelet yield and quality was developed. Third, novel drugs that enabled efficient feeder cell-free conditions were developed. Fourth, the platelet-containing suspension was purified and resuspended in an appropriate buffer. Finally, the platelet product needed to be assured for competency and safety including non-tumorigenicity through in vitro and in vivo preclinical tests. Based on these advancements, a clinical trial has started. The generation of human iPSC-derived platelets could evolve transfusion medicine to the next stage and assure a ubiquitous, safe supply of platelet products. Further, considering the feasibility of gene manipulations in iPSCs, other platelet products may bring forth novel therapeutic measures.
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21
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Boscher J, Guinard I, Eckly A, Lanza F, Léon C. Blood platelet formation at a glance. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:133/20/jcs244731. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.244731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT
The main function of blood platelets is to ensure hemostasis and prevent hemorrhages. The 1011 platelets needed daily are produced in a well-orchestrated process. However, this process is not yet fully understood and in vitro platelet production is still inefficient. Platelets are produced in the bone marrow by megakaryocytes, highly specialized precursor cells that extend cytoplasmic projections called proplatelets (PPTs) through the endothelial barrier of sinusoid vessels. In this Cell Science at a Glance article and the accompanying poster we discuss the mechanisms and pathways involved in megakaryopoiesis and platelet formation processes. We especially address the – still underestimated – role of the microenvironment of the bone marrow, and present recent findings on how PPT extension in vivo differs from that in vitro and entails different mechanisms. Finally, we recapitulate old but recently revisited evidence that – although bone marrow does produce megakaryocytes and PPTs – remodeling and the release of bona fide platelets, mainly occur in the downstream microcirculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Boscher
- Université de Strasbourg, INSERM, EFS Grand Est, BPPS UMR-S 1255, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Ines Guinard
- Université de Strasbourg, INSERM, EFS Grand Est, BPPS UMR-S 1255, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Anita Eckly
- Université de Strasbourg, INSERM, EFS Grand Est, BPPS UMR-S 1255, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - François Lanza
- Université de Strasbourg, INSERM, EFS Grand Est, BPPS UMR-S 1255, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Catherine Léon
- Université de Strasbourg, INSERM, EFS Grand Est, BPPS UMR-S 1255, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
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22
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Yu YC, Han JM, Kim S. Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases and amino acid signaling. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2020; 1868:118889. [PMID: 33091505 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2020.118889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (ARSs) are a family of evolutionarily conserved housekeeping enzymes used for protein synthesis that have pivotal roles in the ligation of tRNA with their cognate amino acids. Recent advances in the structural and functional studies of ARSs have revealed many previously unknown biological functions beyond the classical catalytic roles. Sensing the sufficiency of intracellular nutrients such as amino acids, ATP, and fatty acids is a crucial aspect for every living organism, and it is closely connected to the regulation of diverse cellular physiologies. Notably, among ARSs, leucyl-tRNA synthetase 1 (LARS1) has been identified to perform specifically as a leucine sensor upstream of the amino acid-sensing pathway and thus participates in the coordinated control of protein synthesis and autophagy for cell growth. In addition to LARS1, other types of ARSs are also likely involved in the sensing and signaling of their cognate amino acids inside cells. Collectively, this review focuses on the mechanisms of ARSs interacting within amino acid signaling and proposes the possible role of ARSs as general intracellular amino acid sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Chun Yu
- Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, South Korea
| | - Jung Min Han
- Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, South Korea; Department of Integrated OMICS for Biomedical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, South Korea.
| | - Sunghoon Kim
- Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, South Korea; Medicinal Bioconvergence Research Center, College of Pharmacy and College of Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University, South Korea.
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23
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Won E, Morodomi Y, Kanaji S, Shapiro R, Vo M, Orje JN, Thornburg CD, Yang X, Ruggeri ZM, Schimmel P, Kanaji T. Extracellular tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase cleaved by plasma proteinases and stored in platelet α-granules: Potential role in monocyte activation. Res Pract Thromb Haemost 2020; 4:1167-1177. [PMID: 33134783 PMCID: PMC7590329 DOI: 10.1002/rth2.12429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase (YRS) belongs to the family of enzymes that catalyzes the tRNA aminoacylation reaction for protein synthesis, and it has been recently shown to exert noncanonical functions. Although database results indicate extremely low levels of YRS mRNA in platelets, YRS protein is abundantly present. The source of YRS in platelets, as well as the physiological role of platelet-stored YRS, remains largely unknown. OBJECTIVES To clarify how YRS accumulates in platelets and determine the potential role of platelet-stored YRS. METHODS Recombinant YRS proteins with epitope tags were prepared and tested in vitro for proteolytic cleavage in human plasma. Fluorescent-labeled YRS was examined for uptake by platelets, as demonstrated by western blotting and confocal microscopy analysis. Using RAW-Dual reporter cells, Toll-like receptor and type I interferon activation pathways were analyzed after treatment with YRS. RESULTS Full-length YRS was cleaved by both elastase and matrix metalloproteinases in the plasma. The cleaved, N-terminal YRS fragment corresponds to the endogenous YRS detected in platelet lysate by western blotting. Both full-length and cleaved forms of YRS were taken up by platelets in vitro and stored in the α-granules. The N-terminal YRS fragment generated by proteolytic cleavage had monocyte activation comparable to that of the constitutive-active mutant YRS (YRSY341A) previously reported. CONCLUSION Platelets take up both full-length YRS and the active form of cleaved YRS fragment from the plasma. The cleaved, N-terminal YRS fragment stored in α-granules may have potential to activate monocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Won
- Department of Molecular MedicineMERU‐Roon Research Center on Vascular BiologyThe Scripps Research InstituteLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
- Division of Hematology/OncologyDepartment of PediatricsUC San Diego School of MedicineLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
- Hemophilia and Thrombosis Treatment CenterRady Children's HospitalSan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Yosuke Morodomi
- Department of Molecular MedicineMERU‐Roon Research Center on Vascular BiologyThe Scripps Research InstituteLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Sachiko Kanaji
- Department of Molecular MedicineMERU‐Roon Research Center on Vascular BiologyThe Scripps Research InstituteLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
- Department of Molecular MedicineThe Scripps Laboratories for tRNA Synthetase ResearchThe Scripps Research InstituteLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Ryan Shapiro
- Department of Molecular MedicineThe Scripps Laboratories for tRNA Synthetase ResearchThe Scripps Research InstituteLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - My‐Nuong Vo
- Department of Molecular MedicineThe Scripps Laboratories for tRNA Synthetase ResearchThe Scripps Research InstituteLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Jennifer N. Orje
- Department of Molecular MedicineMERU‐Roon Research Center on Vascular BiologyThe Scripps Research InstituteLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Courtney D. Thornburg
- Division of Hematology/OncologyDepartment of PediatricsUC San Diego School of MedicineLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
- Hemophilia and Thrombosis Treatment CenterRady Children's HospitalSan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Xiang‐Lei Yang
- Department of Molecular MedicineThe Scripps Laboratories for tRNA Synthetase ResearchThe Scripps Research InstituteLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Zaverio M. Ruggeri
- Department of Molecular MedicineMERU‐Roon Research Center on Vascular BiologyThe Scripps Research InstituteLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Paul Schimmel
- Department of Molecular MedicineThe Scripps Laboratories for tRNA Synthetase ResearchThe Scripps Research InstituteLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
- Department of Molecular MedicineThe Scripps Research InstituteJupiterFloridaUSA
| | - Taisuke Kanaji
- Department of Molecular MedicineMERU‐Roon Research Center on Vascular BiologyThe Scripps Research InstituteLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
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24
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Abstract
Purpose of Review RNA epigenetic modifications have been identified as novel, dynamic regulators of gene expression, with important impacts on stem cell fate decisions. Here, we examine the functions of RNA modifications, with a focus on N6-methyladenosine (m6A), in hematopoietic stem cells under normal conditions and in malignancy. Recent Findings The m6A RNA modification is a critical regulator of hematopoiesis. Disruption of different elements of the m6A machinery can skew the balance of self-renewal and differentiation in normal hematopoietic stem cells. The m6A reader, writer, and eraser proteins are also overexpressed in myeloid leukemia, and disruption of their function impairs leukemogenesis. RNA m6A modification governs important aspects of immune system function, including immune cell development, immune signaling, and recognition of RNA as foreign or self. In hematopoietic stem cells, endogenously derived double-stranded RNA can form in the absence of m6A, inducing deleterious inflammatory pathways which compromise stem cell function. Summary The RNA modification m6A exerts a variety of functions in normal hematopoietic stem cells as well as leukemic cells. Pharmacologic modulation of different elements of the m6A machinery provides a promising avenue for ex vivo expansion of hematopoietic stem cells in the transplant setting, as well as for leukemia therapy.
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25
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Handtke S, Thiele T. Large and small platelets-(When) do they differ? J Thromb Haemost 2020; 18:1256-1267. [PMID: 32108994 DOI: 10.1111/jth.14788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Platelets are most important in providing cellular hemostasis but also take part in inflammation and immune processes. Increased platelet size has been regarded as a feature describing a young and more reactive subpopulation until studies were published which questioned this concept. Moreover, changes of platelet size given by the mean platelet volume (MPV) were described for immune thrombocytopenia, cardiovascular disease, atherosclerosis, venous thromboembolism, chronic lung disease, sepsis, cancer-associated thrombosis, autoimmune disorders, and others. This review summarizes the literature on what is known about platelets with different size and describes controversies of studies with large and small platelets putting a focus on their thrombogenicity, age, and on the association of MPV with the mentioned diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Handtke
- Institut für Immunologie und Transfusionsmedizin, Abteilung Transfusionsmedizin, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Thomas Thiele
- Institut für Immunologie und Transfusionsmedizin, Abteilung Transfusionsmedizin, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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26
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Abstract
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (ARSs) are essential enzymes for protein synthesis with evolutionarily conserved enzymatic mechanisms. Despite their similarity across organisms, scientists have been able to generate effective anti-infective agents based on the structural differences in the catalytic clefts of ARSs from pathogens and humans. However, recent genomic, proteomic and functionomic advances have unveiled unexpected disease-associated mutations and altered expression, secretion and interactions in human ARSs, revealing hidden biological functions beyond their catalytic roles in protein synthesis. These studies have also brought to light their potential as a rich and unexplored source for new therapeutic targets and agents through multiple avenues, including direct targeting of the catalytic sites, controlling disease-associated protein-protein interactions and developing novel biologics from the secreted ARS proteins or their parts. This Review addresses the emerging biology and therapeutic applications of human ARSs in diseases including autoimmune and rare diseases, and cancer.
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27
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Jobin PG, Solis N, Machado Y, Bell PA, Rai SK, Kwon NH, Kim S, Overall CM, Butler GS. Moonlighting matrix metalloproteinase substrates: Enhancement of proinflammatory functions of extracellular tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase upon cleavage. J Biol Chem 2019; 295:2186-2202. [PMID: 31771979 PMCID: PMC7039567 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.010486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase ligates tyrosine to its cognate tRNA in the cytoplasm, but it can also be secreted through a noncanonical pathway. We found that extracellular tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase (YRS) exhibited proinflammatory activities. In addition to acting as a monocyte/macrophage chemoattractant, YRS initiated signaling through Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) resulting in NF-κB activation and release of tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) and multiple chemokines, including MIP-1α/β, CXCL8 (IL8), and CXCL1 (KC) from THP1 monocyte and peripheral blood mononuclear cell–derived macrophages. Furthermore, YRS up-regulated matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity in a TNFα-dependent manner in M0 macrophages. Because MMPs process a variety of intracellular proteins that also exhibit extracellular moonlighting functions, we profiled 10 MMPs for YRS cleavage and identified 55 cleavage sites by amino-terminal oriented mass spectrometry of substrates (ATOMS) positional proteomics and Edman degradation. Stable proteoforms resulted from cleavages near the start of the YRS C-terminal EMAPII domain. All of the MMPs tested cleaved at ADS386↓387LYV and VSG405↓406LVQ, generating 43- and 45-kDa fragments. The highest catalytic efficiency for YRS was demonstrated by MMP7, which is highly expressed by monocytes and macrophages, and by neutrophil-specific MMP8. MMP-cleaved YRS enhanced TLR2 signaling, increased TNFα secretion from macrophages, and amplified monocyte/macrophage chemotaxis compared with unprocessed YRS. The cleavage of YRS by MMP8, but not MMP7, was inhibited by tyrosine, a substrate of the YRS aminoacylation reaction. Overall, the proinflammatory activity of YRS is enhanced by MMP cleavage, which we suggest forms a feed-forward mechanism to promote inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parker G Jobin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada; Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Nestor Solis
- Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada; Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Yoan Machado
- Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada; Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Peter A Bell
- Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada; Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Simran K Rai
- Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada; Graduate Program in Bioinformatics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V5T 4S6, Canada
| | - Nam Hoon Kwon
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 151-742, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Medicinal Bioconvergence Research Center, Seoul National University, 151-742, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunghoon Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 151-742, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Medicinal Bioconvergence Research Center, Seoul National University, 151-742, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Christopher M Overall
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada; Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada; Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada.
| | - Georgina S Butler
- Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada; Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
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28
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Shi Y, Yu J, Zhang Y, Zhao B, Li Y, Ye Y, Yu Q, Yu M, Mo W, Gu J. RhTyrRS (Y341A), a novel human tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase mutant, stimulates thrombopoiesis through activation of the VEGF-R II/NF-κB pathway. Biochem Pharmacol 2019; 169:113634. [PMID: 31513785 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.113634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACGROUND AND PURPOSE Tumor chemotherapy and radiotherapy induces hematopoietic cell damage, resulting in thrombocytopenia. Conventional platelet transfusion strategies or drug therapies are used to treat thrombocytopenia. However, these therapies may result in a several side effects, including heightened susceptibility to infectious diseases and the formation of anti-TPO-antibodies. Therefore, a more secure strategy should be explored to overcome and compensate for the shortcomings of conventional strategies. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Effects of rhTyrRS(Y341A) on the expression of VCAM-1 on the surface of HUVECs were determined by analysing mRNA expression, promoter activity, protein expression. The molecular mechanisms of the effects of rhTyrRS(Y341A) on the expression of VCAM-1 on the surface of HUVECs were investigated by determining the activation of VEGF-R II/NF-κB pathway. KEY RESULTS Our results provide evidence that rhTyrRS (Y341A) activates NF-κB to upregulate VCAM-1 in a VEGF-R II/NF-κB pathway-dependent, resulting in megakaryocyte adhering to PVECs to induce platelet production. CONCLUSIONS This study suggested that rhTyrRS (Y341A), a novel human tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase mutation, increased the platelet count under normal conditions. Further more, we confirmed that an NF-κB-mediated mechanism is involved in rhTyrRS (Y341A)-induced thrombopoiesis, which involves its interaction with VEGF-R II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Shi
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinchao Yu
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaran Li
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuhao Ye
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Yu
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Mo
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jianxin Gu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Noetzli LJ, French SL, Machlus KR. New Insights Into the Differentiation of Megakaryocytes From Hematopoietic Progenitors. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2019; 39:1288-1300. [PMID: 31043076 PMCID: PMC6594866 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.119.312129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Megakaryocytes are hematopoietic cells, which are responsible for the production of blood platelets. The traditional view of megakaryopoiesis describes the cellular journey from hematopoietic stem cells, through a hierarchical series of progenitor cells, ultimately to a mature megakaryocyte. Once mature, the megakaryocyte then undergoes a terminal maturation process involving multiple rounds of endomitosis and cytoplasmic restructuring to allow platelet formation. However, recent studies have begun to redefine this hierarchy and shed new light on alternative routes by which hematopoietic stem cells are differentiated into megakaryocytes. In particular, the origin of megakaryocytes, including the existence and hierarchy of megakaryocyte progenitors, has been redefined, as new studies are suggesting that hematopoietic stem cells originate as megakaryocyte-primed and can bypass traditional lineage checkpoints. Overall, it is becoming evident that megakaryopoiesis does not only occur as a stepwise process, but is dynamic and adaptive to biological needs. In this review, we will reexamine the canonical dogmas of megakaryopoiesis and provide an updated framework for interpreting the roles of traditional pathways in the context of new megakaryocyte biology. Visual Overview- An online visual overview is available for this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila J Noetzli
- Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Shauna L French
- Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Kellie R Machlus
- Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
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Couldwell G, Machlus KR. Modulation of megakaryopoiesis and platelet production during inflammation. Thromb Res 2019; 179:114-120. [PMID: 31128560 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2019.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Megakaryocytes (MKs) are widely known as the progenitor cells of platelets. These large, polyploid cells are a derivative of the hematopoietic stem cell (HSC), and reside in the bone marrow, lining blood vessel walls where they release their platelet progeny into circulation. Although little is known about how MKs differ under various environmental stressors, both chronic and acute inflammation alter the differentiation and molecular content of MKs. Furthermore, evidence suggests that the release of inflammatory cytokines may induce MK rupture and rapid release of platelets as a mechanism to quickly replenish diminished platelet counts in response to inflammation. Similarities between MKs and their close relatives, white blood cells, have introduced the notion that MKs may play a role in combating infection by engulfing and presenting antigens, and passing this information to circulating platelets. In addition, MKs exposed to varying bone marrow environments produce different platelets which enter circulation primed to respond to and combat inflammation, infection, or injury. This review focuses on how inflammation alters MK production, maturation, and platelet production. In addition, it introduces the idea that inflammation reprograms MKs to create different, more pathogenic platelets and leads them to take on different roles as responders to deleterious conditions. In the future, studies determining how platelets are altered in disease states may lead to novel MK- and platelet-based therapeutic targets to mitigate inflammation-related morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kellie R Machlus
- Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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31
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Gao P, Li N, Ji K, Wang Y, Xu C, Liu Y, Wang Q, Wang J, He N, Sun Z, Du L, Liu Q. Resveratrol targets TyrRS acetylation to protect against radiation-induced damage. FASEB J 2019; 33:8083-8093. [PMID: 30939244 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201802474rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Resveratrol (RSV) has broad prospective applications as a radiation protection drug, but its mechanism of action is not yet clear. Here, we found that 5 μM RSV can effectively reduce the cell death caused by irradiation. Irradiation leads to G2/M phase arrest in the cell cycle, whereas RSV treatment increases S-phase cell cycle arrest, which is associated with sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) regulation. Meanwhile, RSV promotes DNA damage repair, mainly by accelerating the efficiency of homologous recombination repair. Under oxidative stress, tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase (TyrRS) is transported to the nucleus to protect against DNA damage. RSV can promote TyrRS acetylation, thus promoting TyrRS to enter the nucleus, where it regulates the relevant signaling proteins and reduces apoptosis and DNA damage. SIRT1 is a deacetylase, and SIRT1 knockdown or inhibition can increase TyrRS acetylation levels, further reducing radiation-induced apoptosis after RSV treatment. Our study revealed a new radiation protection mechanism for RSV, in which the acetylation of TyrRS and its translocation into the nucleus is promoted, and this mechanism may also represent a novel protective target against irradiation.-Gao, P., Li, N., Ji, K., Wang, Y., Xu, C., Liu, Y., Wang, Q., Wang, J., He, N., Sun, Z., Du, L., Liu, Q. Resveratrol targets TyrRS acetylation to protect against radiation-induced damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piaoyang Gao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences-Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Na Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences-Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Kaihua Ji
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences-Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences-Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Chang Xu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences-Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences-Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Qin Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences-Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Jihan Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences-Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Ningning He
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences-Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhijuan Sun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences-Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Liqing Du
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences-Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences-Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
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32
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French SL, Machlus KR. Tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase drives megakaryopoiesis independently of thrombopoietin signaling. J Thromb Haemost 2019; 17:564-566. [PMID: 30632668 DOI: 10.1111/jth.14361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S L French
- Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - K R Machlus
- Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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