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Kazimierczak U, Przybyla A, Smielowska M, Kolenda T, Mackiewicz A. Targeting the Hippo Pathway in Cutaneous Melanoma. Cells 2024; 13:1062. [PMID: 38920690 PMCID: PMC11201827 DOI: 10.3390/cells13121062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is the most aggressive form of skin cancer. In the advanced stage of development, it is resistant to currently available therapeutic modalities. Increased invasiveness and metastatic potential depend on several proteins involved in various signal transduction pathways. Hippo signaling plays a vital role in malignant transformation. Dysfunctions of the Hippo pathway initiate the expression of tumor growth factors and are associated with tumor growth and metastasis formation. This review summarizes the recent achievements in studying the role of the Hippo pathway in melanoma pathogenesis and points to the potential specific targets for anti-melanoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urszula Kazimierczak
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka Street 8, 61-806 Poznan, Poland
| | - Anna Przybyla
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka Street 8, 61-806 Poznan, Poland
| | - Marianna Smielowska
- Department of Genome Engineering, The Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Z. Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704 Poznan, Poland
| | - Tomasz Kolenda
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Garbary 15, 61-866 Poznan, Poland
- Research and Implementation Unit, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Garbary 15, 61-866 Poznan, Poland
| | - Andrzej Mackiewicz
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka Street 8, 61-806 Poznan, Poland
- Department of Cancer Diagnostics and Immunology, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Garbary Street 15, 61-866 Poznan, Poland
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St. Louis BM, Quagliato SM, Su YT, Dyson G, Lee PC. The Hippo kinases control inflammatory Hippo signaling and restrict bacterial infection in phagocytes. mBio 2024; 15:e0342923. [PMID: 38624208 PMCID: PMC11078001 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.03429-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The Hippo kinases MST1 and MST2 initiate a highly conserved signaling cascade called the Hippo pathway that limits organ size and tumor formation in animals. Intriguingly, pathogens hijack this host pathway during infection, but the role of MST1/2 in innate immune cells against pathogens is unclear. In this report, we generated Mst1/2 knockout macrophages to investigate the regulatory activities of the Hippo kinases in immunity. Transcriptomic analyses identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) regulated by MST1/2 that are enriched in biological pathways, such as systemic lupus erythematosus, tuberculosis, and apoptosis. Surprisingly, pharmacological inhibition of the downstream components LATS1/2 in the canonical Hippo pathway did not affect the expression of a set of immune DEGs, suggesting that MST1/2 control these genes via alternative inflammatory Hippo signaling. Moreover, MST1/2 may affect immune communication by influencing the release of cytokines, including TNFα, CXCL10, and IL-1ra. Comparative analyses of the single- and double-knockout macrophages revealed that MST1 and MST2 differentially regulate TNFα release and expression of the immune transcription factor MAF, indicating that the two homologous Hippo kinases individually play a unique role in innate immunity. Notably, both MST1 and MST2 can promote apoptotic cell death in macrophages upon stimulation. Lastly, we demonstrate that the Hippo kinases are critical factors in mammalian macrophages and single-cell amoebae to restrict infection by Legionella pneumophila, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Together, these results uncover non-canonical inflammatory Hippo signaling in macrophages and the evolutionarily conserved role of the Hippo kinases in the anti-microbial defense of eukaryotic hosts. IMPORTANCE Identifying host factors involved in susceptibility to infection is fundamental for understanding host-pathogen interactions. Clinically, individuals with mutations in the MST1 gene which encodes one of the Hippo kinases experience recurrent infection. However, the impact of the Hippo kinases on innate immunity remains largely undetermined. This study uses mammalian macrophages and free-living amoebae with single- and double-knockout in the Hippo kinase genes and reveals that the Hippo kinases are the evolutionarily conserved determinants of host defense against microbes. In macrophages, the Hippo kinases MST1 and MST2 control immune activities at multiple levels, including gene expression, immune cell communication, and programmed cell death. Importantly, these activities controlled by MST1 and MST2 in macrophages are independent of the canonical Hippo cascade that is known to limit tissue growth and tumor formation. Together, these findings unveil a unique inflammatory Hippo signaling pathway that plays an essential role in innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendyn M. St. Louis
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Sydney M. Quagliato
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Yu-Ting Su
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Gregory Dyson
- Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Pei-Chung Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
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Tan M, Mao J, Zheng J, Meng Y, Li J, Hao J, Shen H. Mammalian STE20-like kinase 1 inhibits synoviocytes activation in rheumatoid arthritis through mitochondrial dysfunction mediated by SIRT3/mTOR axis. Inflamm Res 2024; 73:415-432. [PMID: 38265688 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-023-01846-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mammalian STE20-like kinase 1 (MST1) is involved in the occurrence of cancer and autoimmune diseases by regulating cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis and other functions. However, its role and downstream targets in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) remain unclear. METHODS The model of RA fibroblast-like synoviocytes (RA-FLSs) overexpressing MST1 was constructed by lentiviral transfection in vitro and analyzed the effects of MST1 on apoptosis, migration, invasion, and inflammation of RA-FLSs. The effect of MST1 on joint synovial membrane inflammation and bone destruction was observed in vivo by establishing a rat model of arthritis with complete Freund's adjuvant. RESULTS MST1 is down-regulated in RA-FLSs, and up-regulation of MST1 inhibits the survival, migration, invasion and inflammation of RA-FLSs. Mechanistically, MST1 inhibits SIRT3/mTOR-signaling pathway, inducing decreased mitochondrial autophagy and increased mitochondrial fission, resulting in mitochondrial morphological abnormalities and dysfunction, and ultimately increased apoptosis. We have observed that activation of MST1 alleviates synovial inflammation and bone erosion in vivo. CONCLUSIONS MST1 reduces the survival, migration, invasion and inflammation of FLSs by inhibiting the SIRT3/mTOR axis to reduce mitochondrial autophagy and promote mitochondrial division, thereby achieving the potential role of relieving rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Tan
- Department of Rheumatology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, No. 82, Cui Ying Men Street, Lanzhou City, 730030, Gansu Province, People's Republic of China
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Mao
- Department of Rheumatology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, No. 82, Cui Ying Men Street, Lanzhou City, 730030, Gansu Province, People's Republic of China
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianxiong Zheng
- Department of Rheumatology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, No. 82, Cui Ying Men Street, Lanzhou City, 730030, Gansu Province, People's Republic of China
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Meng
- Department of Pain, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Rheumatology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, No. 82, Cui Ying Men Street, Lanzhou City, 730030, Gansu Province, People's Republic of China
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiayao Hao
- Department of Rheumatology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, No. 82, Cui Ying Men Street, Lanzhou City, 730030, Gansu Province, People's Republic of China
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Haili Shen
- Department of Rheumatology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, No. 82, Cui Ying Men Street, Lanzhou City, 730030, Gansu Province, People's Republic of China.
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Damiescu R, Efferth T, Dawood M. Dysregulation of different modes of programmed cell death by epigenetic modifications and their role in cancer. Cancer Lett 2024; 584:216623. [PMID: 38246223 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.216623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Modifications of epigenetic factors affect our lives and can give important information regarding one's state of health. In cancer, epigenetic modifications play a crucial role, as they influence various programmed cell death types. The purpose of this review is to investigate how epigenetic modifications, such as DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNAs, influence various cell death processes in suppressing or promoting cancer development. Autophagy and apoptosis are the most investigated programmed cell death modes, as based on the tumor stage these cell death types can either promote or prevent cancer evolution. Therefore, our discussion focuses on how epigenetic modifications affect autophagy and apoptosis, as well as their diagnostic and therapeutical potential in combination with available chemotherapeutics. Additionally, we summarize the available data regarding the role of epigenetic modifications on other programmed cell death modes, such as ferroptosis, necroptosis, and parthanatos in cancer and discuss current advancements.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Damiescu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, Mainz, Germany
| | - T Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, Mainz, Germany
| | - M Dawood
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, Mainz, Germany.
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Li AX, Martin TA, Lane J, Jiang WG. Cellular Impacts of Striatins and the STRIPAK Complex and Their Roles in the Development and Metastasis in Clinical Cancers (Review). Cancers (Basel) 2023; 16:76. [PMID: 38201504 PMCID: PMC10777921 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16010076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Striatins (STRNs) are generally considered to be cytoplasmic proteins, with lower expression observed in the nucleus and at cell-cell contact regions. Together with protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), STRNs form the core region of striatin-interacting phosphatase and kinase (STRIPAK) complexes through the coiled-coil region of STRN proteins, which is crucial for substrate recruitment. Over the past two decades, there has been an increasing amount of research into the biological and cellular functions of STRIPAK members. STRNs and the constituent members of the STRIPAK complex have been found to regulate several cellular functions, such as cell cycle control, cell growth, and motility. Dysregulation of these cellular events is associated with cancer development. Importantly, their roles in cancer cells and clinical cancers are becoming recognised, with several STRIPAK components found to have elevated expression in cancerous tissues compared to healthy tissues. These molecules exhibit significant diagnostic and prognostic value across different cancer types and in metastatic progression. The present review comprehensively summarises and discusses the current knowledge of STRNs and core STRIPAK members, in cancer malignancy, from both cellular and clinical perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tracey A. Martin
- Cardiff China Medical Research Collaborative, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK; (A.X.L.); (J.L.); (W.G.J.)
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Costigan A, Hollville E, Martin SJ. Discriminating Between Apoptosis, Necrosis, Necroptosis, and Ferroptosis by Microscopy and Flow Cytometry. Curr Protoc 2023; 3:e951. [PMID: 38112058 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Apoptosis is a mode of programmed cell death that plays important roles in tissue sculpting during development, in the maintenance of tissue homeostasis in the adult, and in the eradication of injured or infected cells during pathological processes. Numerous physiological as well as pathological stimuli trigger apoptosis, such as engagement of plasma-membrane-associated Fas, TRAIL, or TNF receptors, growth factor deprivation, hypoxia, radiation, and exposure to diverse cytotoxic drugs. Apoptosis is coordinated by members of the caspase family of cysteine proteases, which, upon activation, trigger a series of dramatic morphological and biochemical changes including retraction from the substratum, cell shrinkage, extensive and protracted plasma membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, DNA hydrolysis, nuclear fragmentation, and proteolytic cleavage of numerous caspase substrates. These dramatic structural and biochemical alterations result not only in the controlled dismantling of the cell, but also in the rapid recognition and removal of apoptotic cells by phagocytes through the cell surface display of phagocytotic triggers such as phosphatidylserine. Necrosis, which is typically nonprogrammed or imposed upon the cell by overwhelming membrane or organelle damage, is characterized by high-amplitude cell swelling, followed by rapid plasma membrane rupture and release of cellular contents into the extracellular space. Necrosis is often provoked by infectious agents or severe departure from physiological conditions due to toxins, temperature extremes, or physical injury. However, forms of programmed necrosis (necroptosis, pyroptosis, ferroptosis) can also occur in specific circumstances. Nonprogrammed and programmed necrosis can be distinguished from apoptosis by morphological features, based on the rapid uptake of vital dyes, and through the application of specific inhibitors of key molecules associated with the latter modes of cell death. This unit describes protocols for the measurement of apoptosis and necrosis and for distinguishing apoptosis from programmed as well as conventional necrosis. © 2023 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Analysis of cell morphology by phase-contrast microscopy Alternative Protocol 1: Assessment of morphological changes using eosin-methylene blue staining Alternative Protocol 2: Analysis of nuclear morphology by fluorescence microscopy Support Protocol: Preparation of cytospins Basic Protocol 2: Measurement of plasma membrane composition with annexin V and propidium iodide Basic Protocol 3: Measurement of DNA fragmentation by flow cytometry Alternative Protocol 3: Analysis of DNA fragmentation by the TUNEL assay Basic Protocol 4: Measurement of caspase activation by flow cytometry Basic Protocol 5: Discriminating between apoptosis, necrosis, necroptosis, and ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aoife Costigan
- Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Genetics, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Emilie Hollville
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen Foresterhill, Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Seamus J Martin
- Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Genetics, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
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7
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Getu AA, Zhou M, Cheng SY, Tan M. The mammalian Sterile 20-like kinase 4 (MST4) signaling in tumor progression: Implications for therapy. Cancer Lett 2023; 563:216183. [PMID: 37094736 PMCID: PMC10642761 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a leading cause of death in humans, with a complex and dynamic nature that makes it challenging to fully comprehend and treat. The Mammalian Sterile 20-Like Kinase 4 (MST4 or STK26) is a serine/threonine-protein kinase that plays a crucial role in cell migration and polarity in both normal and tumor cells via activation of intracellular signaling molecules and pathways. MST4 is involved in tumor cell proliferation, migration and invasion, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), survival, and cancer metastasis through modulation of downstream signaling pathways including the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and protein kinase B (AKT) pathways. Additionally, MST4 interacts with programmed cell death 10 (PDCD10) to promote tumor proliferation and migration. MST4 phosphorylates autophagy related 4B cysteine peptidase (ATG4B) to mediate autophagy signaling, promote tumor cell survival and proliferation, and contribute to treatment resistance. Taken together, MST4 functions as an oncogene and is a promising therapeutic target which deserves further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayechew A Getu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, 406040, Taiwan; Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Ming Zhou
- Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shi-Yuan Cheng
- The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Lou & Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute at Northwestern Medicine, The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Ming Tan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, 406040, Taiwan; Institute of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, China Medical University, Taichung, 406040, Taiwan.
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8
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Zhang C, Dan Q, Lai S, Zhang Y, Gao E, Luo H, Yang L, Gao X, Lu C. Rab10 protects against DOX-induced cardiotoxicity by alleviating the oxidative stress and apoptosis of cardiomyocytes. Toxicol Lett 2023; 373:84-93. [PMID: 36309171 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2022.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is a widely used anticancer drug, but its clinical application is limited by cardiotoxicity. As a member of the Rab family, Rab10 has multiple subcellular localizations and carries out a wide variety of functions. Here, we explored the role of Rab10 on DOX-induced cardiotoxicity. Cardiac-specific Rab10 transgenic mice were constructed and treated with DOX or saline. We found that cardiac-specific overexpression of Rab10 alleviated cardiac dysfunction and attenuated cytoplasmic vacuolization and mitochondrial damage in DOX-treated mouse heart tissues. Immunofluorescence staining and Western blot analysis showed that Rab10 alleviated DOX-induced apoptosis and oxidative stress in cardiomyocytes in mouse heart tissues. We demonstrated that DOX mediated apoptosis, oxidative stress and depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane potential in H9c2 cells, while overexpression and knockdown of Rab10 attenuated and aggravated these effects, respectively. Furthermore, we found that Mst1, a serine-threonine kinase, was cleaved and translocated into the nucleus in H9c2 cells after DOX treatment, and knockdown of Mst1 alleviated DOX-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Overexpression of Rab10 inhibited the cleavage of Mst1 mediated by DOX treatment in vivo and in vitro. Together, our findings demonstrated that cardiac-specific overexpression of Rab10 alleviated DOX-induced cardiac dysfunction and injury via inhibiting oxidative stress and apoptosis of cardiomyocytes, which may be partially ascribed to the inhibition of Mst1 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhang
- Department of Genetics, National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, China; Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qinghua Dan
- Department of Genetics, National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, China; Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Song Lai
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yutong Zhang
- Department of Genetics, National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, China; Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Erer Gao
- Department of Genetics, National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, China; Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Haiyan Luo
- Department of Genetics, National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, China
| | - Liping Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, China
| | - Xiaobo Gao
- Department of Genetics, National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, China.
| | - Cailing Lu
- Department of Genetics, National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, China; Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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9
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Bibo-Verdugo B, Salvesen GS. Caspase mechanisms in the regulation of inflammation. Mol Aspects Med 2022; 88:101085. [PMID: 35248371 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2022.101085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Regulated cell death is defined as genetically encoded pathways that lead towards the demise of cells. In mammals, cell demise can be either inflammatory or non-inflammatory, depending on whether the mechanism of death results in cell rupture or not. Inflammatory cell death can lead towards acute and chronic disease. Therefore, it becomes important to distinguish the mechanisms that result in these different inflammatory cell death outcomes. Apoptosis is a non-inflammatory form of cell death where cells resist rupture. In contrast, pyroptosis and necroptosis are inflammatory forms of cell death principally because of release of pro-inflammatory mediators from cells undergoing lysis. This review focusses on the mechanisms of these different cell death outcomes with specific emphasis on the caspase family of proteolytic enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betsaida Bibo-Verdugo
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
| | - Guy S Salvesen
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
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10
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Koehler TJ, Tran T, Weingartner KA, Kavran JM. Kinetic Regulation of the Mammalian Sterile 20-like Kinase 2 (MST2). Biochemistry 2022; 61:1683-1693. [PMID: 35895874 PMCID: PMC10167949 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.2c00022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Canonically, MST1/2 functions as a core kinase of the Hippo pathway and noncanonically during both apoptotic signaling and with RASSFs in T-cells. Faithful signal transduction by MST1/2 relies on both appropriate activation and regulated substrate phosphorylation by the activated kinase. Considerable progress has been made in understanding the molecular mechanisms regulating the activation of MST1/2 and identifying downstream signaling events. Here, we investigated the ability of MST2 to phosphorylate a peptide substrate and how that activity is regulated. Using a steady-state kinetic system, we parse the contribution of different factors to substrate phosphorylation, including the domains of MST2, phosphorylation, caspase cleavage, and complex formation. We found that in the unphosphorylated state, the SARAH domain stabilizes interactions with a peptide substrate and promotes turnover. Phosphorylation drives the activity of MST2, and once activated, MST2 is not further regulated by complex formation with other Hippo pathway components (SAV1, MOB1A, and RASSF5). We also show that the phosphorylated, caspase-cleaved MST2 is as active as the full-length one, suggesting that caspase-stimulated activity arises through noncatalytic mechanisms. The kinetic analysis presented here establishes a framework for interpreting how signaling events and post-translational modifications contribute to the signaling of MST2 in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Koehler
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Thao Tran
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Kyler A Weingartner
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Jennifer M Kavran
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States.,Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States.,Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
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11
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Qin Y, Huang J, Zhao X, Chen C. MiR-135a-5p and Mst1 regulate MPP + -1 induced apoptosis and autophagy in Parkinson's disease model in vitro. Cell Signal 2022; 94:110328. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2022.110328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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12
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An L, Cao Z, Nie P, Zhang H, Tong Z, Chen F, Tang Y, Han Y, Wang W, Zhao Z, Zhao Q, Yang Y, Xu Y, Fang G, Shi L, Xu H, Ma H, Jiao S, Zhou Z. Combinatorial targeting of Hippo-STRIPAK and PARP elicits synthetic lethality in gastrointestinal cancers. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:155468. [PMID: 35290241 PMCID: PMC9057599 DOI: 10.1172/jci155468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The striatin-interacting phosphatase and kinase (STRIPAK) complexes integrate extracellular stimuli that result in intracellular activities. Previously, we discovered that STRIPAK is a key machinery responsible for loss of the Hippo tumor suppressor signal in cancer. Here, we identified the Hippo-STRIPAK complex as an essential player in the control of DNA double-stranded break (DSB) repair and genomic stability. Specifically, we found that the mammalian STE20-like protein kinases 1 and 2 (MST1/2), independent of classical Hippo signaling, directly phosphorylated zinc finger MYND type–containing 8 (ZMYND8) and hence resulted in the suppression of DNA repair in the nucleus. In response to genotoxic stress, the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase/stimulator of IFN genes (cGAS/STING) pathway was determined to relay nuclear DNA damage signals to the dynamic assembly of Hippo-STRIPAK via TANK-binding kinase 1–induced (TBK1-induced) structural stabilization of the suppressor of IKBKE 1– sarcolemma membrane–associated protein (SIKE1-SLMAP) arm. As such, we found that STRIPAK-mediated MST1/2 inactivation increased the DSB repair capacity of cancer cells and endowed these cells with resistance to radio- and chemotherapy and poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase (PARP) inhibition. Importantly, targeting the STRIPAK assembly with each of 3 distinct peptide inhibitors efficiently recovered the kinase activity of MST1/2 to suppress DNA repair and resensitize cancer cells to PARP inhibitors in both animal- and patient-derived tumor models. Overall, our findings not only uncover what we believe to be a previously unrecognized role for STRIPAK in modulating DSB repair but also provide translational implications of cotargeting STRIPAK and PARP for a new type of synthetic lethality anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwei An
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhifa Cao
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Pingping Nie
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenzhu Tong
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Fan Chen
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Tang
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Han
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhangting Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingya Zhao
- Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuqin Yang
- Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanzhi Xu
- Department of Stomatology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Gemin Fang
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, China
| | - Lei Shi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Huixiong Xu
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Haiqing Ma
- Department of Oncology, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shi Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaocai Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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13
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Kilanowska A, Ziółkowska A. Apoptosis in Type 2 Diabetes: Can It Be Prevented? Hippo Pathway Prospects. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:636. [PMID: 35054822 PMCID: PMC8775644 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a heterogeneous disease of complex etiology and pathogenesis. Hyperglycemia leads to many serious complications, but also directly initiates the process of β cell apoptosis. A potential strategy for the preservation of pancreatic β cells in diabetes may be to inhibit the implementation of pro-apoptotic pathways or to enhance the action of pancreatic protective factors. The Hippo signaling pathway is proposed and selected as a target to manipulate the activity of its core proteins in therapy-basic research. MST1 and LATS2, as major upstream signaling kinases of the Hippo pathway, are considered as target candidates for pharmacologically induced tissue regeneration and inhibition of apoptosis. Manipulating the activity of components of the Hippo pathway offers a wide range of possibilities, and thus is a potential tool in the treatment of diabetes and the regeneration of β cells. Therefore, it is important to fully understand the processes involved in apoptosis in diabetic states and completely characterize the role of this pathway in diabetes. Therapy consisting of slowing down or stopping the mechanisms of apoptosis may be an important direction of diabetes treatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Kilanowska
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Collegium Medicum, University of Zielona Gora, Zyty 28, 65-001 Zielona Gora, Poland;
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14
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Tat-SynGAP improves angiogenesis and post-stroke recovery by inhibiting MST1/JNK signaling. Brain Res Bull 2022; 180:38-45. [PMID: 34990733 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2021.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Small G protein Ras induces the activation of apoptosis-related molecule mammalian Ste20-like kinase1 (MST1)/JNK signal pathway, which is involved in the regulation of tissue damage under pathological conditions such as ischemic stroke. Our previous study indicated that GTPase-activating protein for Ras (SynGAP), a negative regulator of Ras, could bind with postsynaptic density protein-93 (PSD-93) and Tat-SynGAP (670-685aa) small peptide to exhibit neuroprotective role. Here, we report that Tat-SynGAP (670-685aa) reduced cerebral edema at acute cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R), improved integrity of blood-brain barrier, and decreased cortical and striatum neuronal injury. Mechanistically, Tat-SynGAP (670-685aa) not only inhibited the phosphorylation of MST1 and JNK and the cleavage of caspase-3, but also facilitated the expression of angiogenesis related molecules VEGF and Ang-1. In conclusion, Tat-SynGAP (670-685aa) reduces neuronal apoptosis and cerebral infarction volume and maintains vascular stability and blood-brain barrier integrity by inhibiting MST1/JNK signaling pathway.
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15
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Liu M, Yan M, He J, Lv H, Chen Z, Peng L, Cai W, Yao F, Chen C, Shi L, Zhang K, Zhang X, Wang DW, Wang L, Zhu Y, Ai D. Macrophage MST1/2 Disruption Impairs Post-Infarction Cardiac Repair via LTB4. Circ Res 2021; 129:909-926. [PMID: 34515499 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.121.319687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic/genetics
- Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic/metabolism
- Chemokine CCL2/genetics
- Chemokine CCL2/metabolism
- Chemokine CCL4/genetics
- Chemokine CCL4/metabolism
- Chemokine CXCL2/metabolism
- Female
- Leukotriene B4/metabolism
- Lipoxygenase/metabolism
- Macrophages/metabolism
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Myocardial Infarction/metabolism
- Myocardium/metabolism
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism
- Receptors, Cell Surface/genetics
- Receptors, Cell Surface/metabolism
- Receptors, Leukotriene B4/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Leukotriene B4/metabolism
- Serine-Threonine Kinase 3/genetics
- Serine-Threonine Kinase 3/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ion and Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Diseases, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), the Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics (M.L., M.Y., H.L., D.A.), Tianjin Medical University
- Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital (M.L.)
| | - Meng Yan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ion and Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Diseases, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), the Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics (M.L., M.Y., H.L., D.A.), Tianjin Medical University
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University Department of Pathology, Soochow University, Suzhou (M.Y.)
| | - Jinlong He
- Physiology and Pathophysiology (J.H., H.L., Z.C., W.C., X.Z., Y.Z., D.A.), Tianjin Medical University
| | - Huizhen Lv
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ion and Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Diseases, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), the Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics (M.L., M.Y., H.L., D.A.), Tianjin Medical University
- Physiology and Pathophysiology (J.H., H.L., Z.C., W.C., X.Z., Y.Z., D.A.), Tianjin Medical University
| | - Zhipeng Chen
- Physiology and Pathophysiology (J.H., H.L., Z.C., W.C., X.Z., Y.Z., D.A.), Tianjin Medical University
| | - Liyuan Peng
- Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan (L.P., C.C., D.-W.W.)
| | - Wenbin Cai
- Physiology and Pathophysiology (J.H., H.L., Z.C., W.C., X.Z., Y.Z., D.A.), Tianjin Medical University
| | - Fang Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (F.Y., L.W.)
| | - Chen Chen
- Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan (L.P., C.C., D.-W.W.)
| | - Lei Shi
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences (L.S., K.Z.), Tianjin Medical University
| | - Kai Zhang
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences (L.S., K.Z.), Tianjin Medical University
| | - Xu Zhang
- Physiology and Pathophysiology (J.H., H.L., Z.C., W.C., X.Z., Y.Z., D.A.), Tianjin Medical University
| | - Dao-Wen Wang
- Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan (L.P., C.C., D.-W.W.)
| | - Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (F.Y., L.W.)
| | - Yi Zhu
- Physiology and Pathophysiology (J.H., H.L., Z.C., W.C., X.Z., Y.Z., D.A.), Tianjin Medical University
| | - Ding Ai
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ion and Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Diseases, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), the Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics (M.L., M.Y., H.L., D.A.), Tianjin Medical University
- Physiology and Pathophysiology (J.H., H.L., Z.C., W.C., X.Z., Y.Z., D.A.), Tianjin Medical University
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16
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Coffey K. Targeting the Hippo Pathway in Prostate Cancer: What's New? Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13040611. [PMID: 33557087 PMCID: PMC7913870 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in men in the UK, accounting for the deaths of over 11,000 men per year. A major problem in this disease are tumours which no longer respond to available treatments. Understanding how this occurs will reveal new ways to treat these patients. In this review, the latest findings regarding a particular group of cellular factors which make up a signalling network called the Hippo pathway will be described. Accumulating evidence suggests that this network contributes to prostate cancer progression and resistance to current treatments. Identifying how this pathway can be targeted with drugs is a promising area of research to improve the treatment of prostate cancer. Abstract Identifying novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of prostate cancer (PC) remains a key area of research. With the emergence of resistance to androgen receptor (AR)-targeting therapies, other signalling pathways which crosstalk with AR signalling are important. Over recent years, evidence has accumulated for targeting the Hippo signalling pathway. Discovered in Drosophila melanogasta, the Hippo pathway plays a role in the regulation of organ size, proliferation, migration and invasion. In response to a variety of stimuli, including cell–cell contact, nutrients and stress, a kinase cascade is activated, which includes STK4/3 and LATS1/2 to inhibit the effector proteins YAP and its paralogue TAZ. Transcription by their partner transcription factors is inhibited by modulation of YAP/TAZ cellular localisation and protein turnover. Trnascriptional enhanced associate domain (TEAD) transcription factors are their classical transcriptional partner but other transcription factors, including the AR, have been shown to be modulated by YAP/TAZ. In PC, this pathway can be dysregulated by a number of mechanisms, making it attractive for therapeutic intervention. This review looks at each component of the pathway with a focus on findings from the last year and discusses what knowledge can be applied to the field of PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Coffey
- Solid Tumour Target Discovery Laboratory, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
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17
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Sprenkeler EGG, Webbers SDS, Kuijpers TW. When Actin is Not Actin' Like It Should: A New Category of Distinct Primary Immunodeficiency Disorders. J Innate Immun 2020; 13:3-25. [PMID: 32846417 DOI: 10.1159/000509717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
An increasing number of primary immunodeficiencies (PIDs) have been identified over the last decade, which are caused by deleterious mutations in genes encoding for proteins involved in actin cytoskeleton regulation. These mutations primarily affect hematopoietic cells and lead to defective function of immune cells, such as impaired motility, signaling, proliferative capacity, and defective antimicrobial host defense. Here, we review several of these immunological "actinopathies" and cover both clinical aspects, as well as cellular mechanisms of these PIDs. We focus in particular on the effect of these mutations on human neutrophil function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelien G G Sprenkeler
- Department of Blood Cell Research, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam University Medical Center (AUMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, .,Department of Pediatric Immunology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, Emma Children's Hospital, AUMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands,
| | - Steven D S Webbers
- Department of Blood Cell Research, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam University Medical Center (AUMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Pediatric Immunology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, Emma Children's Hospital, AUMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Taco W Kuijpers
- Department of Blood Cell Research, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam University Medical Center (AUMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Pediatric Immunology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, Emma Children's Hospital, AUMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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18
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Lin CH, Hsu TI, Chiou PY, Hsiao M, Wang WC, Chen YC, Lin JT, Wang JY, Lin PC, Lin FC, Tseng YK, Cheng HC, Chen CL, Lu PJ. Downregulation of STK4 promotes colon cancer invasion/migration through blocking β-catenin degradation. Mol Oncol 2020; 14:2574-2588. [PMID: 32741119 PMCID: PMC7530774 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammalian STE20-like kinase 1 (MST1/STK4/KRS2) encodes a serine/threonine kinase that is the mammalian homolog of Drosophila Hippo. STK4 plays an important role in controlling cell growth, apoptosis, and organ size. STK4 has been studied in many cancers with previous studies indicating an involvement in colon cancer lymph node metastasis and highlighting its potential as a diagnostic marker for colon cancer. However, the role of STK4 defect in promoting colon cancer progression is still understudied. Here, we found that STK4 was significantly downregulated in colon cancer and was associated with distal metastasis and poor survival. Furthermore, STK4 knockdown enhanced sphere formation and metastasis in vitro and promoted tumor development in vivo. We found that STK4 colocalized with β-catenin and directly phosphorylated β-catenin resulting in its degradation via the ubiquitin-mediated pathway. This may suggest that STK4 knockdown causes β-catenin phosphorylation failure and subsequently β-catenin accumulation, consequently leading to anchorage-independent growth and metastasis in colon cancer. Our results support that STK4 may act as a potential candidate for the assessment of β-catenin-mediated colon cancer prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Han Lin
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Tai-I Hsu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yu Chiou
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Michael Hsiao
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ching Wang
- Department of Surgery, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chia Chen
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Tai Lin
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jaw-Yuan Wang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Chung-Ho Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Peng-Chan Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Forn-Chia Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Kai Tseng
- Department of Orthopedics, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan.,Department of Orthopedics, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Chuan Cheng
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Long Chen
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Pathology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Jung Lu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Clinical Medicine Research Center, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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19
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Vališ K, Novák P. Targeting ERK-Hippo Interplay in Cancer Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21093236. [PMID: 32375238 PMCID: PMC7247570 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) is a part of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway which allows the transduction of various cellular signals to final effectors and regulation of elementary cellular processes. Deregulation of the MAPK signaling occurs under many pathological conditions including neurodegenerative disorders, metabolic syndromes and cancers. Targeted inhibition of individual kinases of the MAPK signaling pathway using synthetic compounds represents a promising way to effective anti-cancer therapy. Cross-talk of the MAPK signaling pathway with other proteins and signaling pathways have a crucial impact on clinical outcomes of targeted therapies and plays important role during development of drug resistance in cancers. We discuss cross-talk of the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway with other signaling pathways, in particular interplay with the Hippo/MST pathway. We demonstrate the mechanism of cell death induction shared between MAPK/ERK and Hippo/MST signaling pathways and discuss the potential of combination targeting of these pathways in the development of more effective anti-cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karel Vališ
- Correspondence: (K.V.); (P.N.); Tel.: +420-325873610 (P.N.)
| | - Petr Novák
- Correspondence: (K.V.); (P.N.); Tel.: +420-325873610 (P.N.)
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20
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García P, Rosa L, Vargas S, Weber H, Espinoza JA, Suárez F, Romero-Calvo I, Elgueta N, Rivera V, Nervi B, Obreque J, Leal P, Viñuela E, Aguayo G, Muñiz S, Sagredo A, Roa JC, Bizama C. Hippo-YAP1 Is a Prognosis Marker and Potentially Targetable Pathway in Advanced Gallbladder Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12040778. [PMID: 32218280 PMCID: PMC7226626 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12040778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Gallbladder cancer is an aggressive disease with late diagnosis and no efficacious treatment. The Hippo-Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) signaling pathway has emerged as a target for the development of new therapeutic interventions in cancers. However, the role of the Hippo-targeted therapy has not been addressed in advanced gallbladder cancer (GBC). This study aimed to evaluate the expression of the major Hippo pathway components mammalian Ste20-like protein kinase 1 (MST1), YAP1 and transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) and examined the effects of Verteporfin (VP), a small molecular inhibitor of YAP1-TEA domain transcription factor (TEAD) protein interaction, in metastatic GBC cell lines and patient-derived organoids (PDOs). Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that advanced GBC patients had high nuclear expression of YAP1. High nuclear expression of YAP1 was associated with poor survival in GBC patients with subserosal invasion (pT2). Additionally, advanced GBC cases showed reduced expression of MST1 compared to chronic cholecystitis. Both VP treatment and YAP1 siRNA inhibited the migration ability in GBC cell lines. Interestingly, gemcitabine resistant PDOs with high nuclear expression of YAP1 were sensitive to VP treatment. Taken together, our results suggest that key components of the Hippo-YAP1 signaling pathway are dysregulated in advanced gallbladder cancer and reveal that the inhibition YAP1 may be a candidate for targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia García
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile; (P.G.); (L.R.); (F.S.); (N.E.); (V.R.); (J.O.); (A.S.)
| | - Lorena Rosa
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile; (P.G.); (L.R.); (F.S.); (N.E.); (V.R.); (J.O.); (A.S.)
- Applied Molecular and Cellular Biology PhD Program, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Sergio Vargas
- Department of Hematology Oncology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile; (S.V.); (B.N.); (S.M.)
| | - Helga Weber
- Centre of Excellence in Translational Medicine (CEMT) and Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco 4810296, Chile; (H.W.); (P.L.)
| | - Jaime A. Espinoza
- SciLifeLab, Division of Genome Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Stockholm 17165, Sweden;
| | - Felipe Suárez
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile; (P.G.); (L.R.); (F.S.); (N.E.); (V.R.); (J.O.); (A.S.)
| | - Isabel Romero-Calvo
- Biomedical Visualization Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical and Health Information Sciences. College of Applied Health Sciences. University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA;
| | - Nicole Elgueta
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile; (P.G.); (L.R.); (F.S.); (N.E.); (V.R.); (J.O.); (A.S.)
| | - Vanessa Rivera
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile; (P.G.); (L.R.); (F.S.); (N.E.); (V.R.); (J.O.); (A.S.)
| | - Bruno Nervi
- Department of Hematology Oncology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile; (S.V.); (B.N.); (S.M.)
| | - Javiera Obreque
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile; (P.G.); (L.R.); (F.S.); (N.E.); (V.R.); (J.O.); (A.S.)
| | - Pamela Leal
- Centre of Excellence in Translational Medicine (CEMT) and Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco 4810296, Chile; (H.W.); (P.L.)
| | - Eduardo Viñuela
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Hepato-Bilio-Pancreatic Surgery Unit, Surgery Service, Complejo Asistencial Hospital Dr. Sótero del Río, Santiago 8207257, Chile;
| | - Gloria Aguayo
- Department of Pathology, Complejo Asistencial Hospital Dr. Sótero del Río, Santiago 8207257, Chile;
| | - Sabrina Muñiz
- Department of Hematology Oncology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile; (S.V.); (B.N.); (S.M.)
| | - Alfredo Sagredo
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile; (P.G.); (L.R.); (F.S.); (N.E.); (V.R.); (J.O.); (A.S.)
| | - Juan C. Roa
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile; (P.G.); (L.R.); (F.S.); (N.E.); (V.R.); (J.O.); (A.S.)
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile
- Correspondence: (J.C.R.); (C.B); Tel.: +56-22354-9241(C.B.); +56-22354-1061 (J.C.R)
| | - Carolina Bizama
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile; (P.G.); (L.R.); (F.S.); (N.E.); (V.R.); (J.O.); (A.S.)
- Correspondence: (J.C.R.); (C.B); Tel.: +56-22354-9241(C.B.); +56-22354-1061 (J.C.R)
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21
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Turunen SP, von Nandelstadh P, Öhman T, Gucciardo E, Seashore-Ludlow B, Martins B, Rantanen V, Li H, Höpfner K, Östling P, Varjosalo M, Lehti K. FGFR4 phosphorylates MST1 to confer breast cancer cells resistance to MST1/2-dependent apoptosis. Cell Death Differ 2019; 26:2577-2593. [PMID: 30903103 PMCID: PMC7224384 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-019-0321-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells balance with the equilibrium of cell death and growth to expand and metastasize. The activity of mammalian sterile20-like kinases (MST1/2) has been linked to apoptosis and tumor suppression via YAP/Hippo pathway-independent and -dependent mechanisms. Using a kinase substrate screen, we identified here MST1 and MST2 among the top substrates for fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 (FGFR4). In COS-1 cells, MST1 was phosphorylated at Y433 residue in an FGFR4 kinase activity-dependent manner, as assessed by mass spectrometry. Blockade of this phosphorylation by Y433F mutation induced MST1 activation, as indicated by increased threonine phosphorylation of MST1/2, and the downstream substrate MOB1, in FGFR4-overexpressing T47D and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Importantly, the specific knockdown or short-term inhibition of FGFR4 in endogenous models of human HER2+ breast cancer cells likewise led to increased MST1/2 activation, in conjunction with enhanced MST1 nuclear localization and generation of N-terminal cleaved and autophosphorylated MST1. Unexpectedly, MST2 was also essential for this MST1/N activation and coincident apoptosis induction, although these two kinases, as well as YAP, were differentially regulated in the breast cancer models analyzed. Moreover, pharmacological FGFR4 inhibition specifically sensitized the HER2+ MDA-MB-453 breast cancer cells, not only to HER2/EGFR and AKT/mTOR inhibitors, but also to clinically relevant apoptosis modulators. In TCGA cohort, FGFR4 overexpression correlated with abysmal HER2+ breast carcinoma patient outcome. Therefore, our results uncover a clinically relevant, targetable mechanism of FGFR4 oncogenic activity via suppression of the stress-associated MST1/2-induced apoptosis machinery in tumor cells with prominent HER/ERBB and FGFR4 signaling-driven proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Pauliina Turunen
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE-171 77, Sweden
| | - Pernilla von Nandelstadh
- Research Programs Unit, Genome-Scale Biology, Medicum, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland
| | - Tiina Öhman
- Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland
| | - Erika Gucciardo
- Research Programs Unit, Genome-Scale Biology, Medicum, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland
| | - Brinton Seashore-Ludlow
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE-171 77, Sweden
| | - Beatriz Martins
- Research Programs Unit, Genome-Scale Biology, Medicum, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland
| | - Ville Rantanen
- Research Programs Unit, Genome-Scale Biology, Medicum, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland
| | - Huini Li
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE-171 77, Sweden
| | - Katrin Höpfner
- Research Programs Unit, Genome-Scale Biology, Medicum, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland
| | - Päivi Östling
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE-171 77, Sweden
| | - Markku Varjosalo
- Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland
| | - Kaisa Lehti
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE-171 77, Sweden. .,Research Programs Unit, Genome-Scale Biology, Medicum, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland.
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The MEK-ERK-MST1 Axis Potentiates the Activation of the Extrinsic Apoptotic Pathway during GDC-0941 Treatment in Jurkat T Cells. Cells 2019; 8:cells8020191. [PMID: 30795621 PMCID: PMC6406719 DOI: 10.3390/cells8020191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The discrete activation of individual caspases is essential during T-cell development, activation, and apoptosis. Humans carrying nonfunctional caspase-8 and caspase-8 conditional knockout mice exhibit several defects in the progression of naive CD4+ T cells to the effector stage. MST1, a key kinase of the Hippo signaling pathway, is often presented as a substrate of caspases, and its cleavage by caspases potentiates its activity. Several studies have focused on the involvement of MST1 in caspase activation and also reported several defects in the immune system function caused by MST1 deficiency. Here, we show the rapid activation of the MEK-ERK-MST1 axis together with the cleavage and activation of caspase-3, -6, -7, -8, and -9 after PI3K signaling blockade by the selective inhibitor GDC-0941 in Jurkat T cells. We determined the phosphorylation pattern of MST1 using a phosphoproteomic approach and identified two amino acid residues phosphorylated in an ERK-dependent manner after GDC-0941 treatment together with a novel phosphorylation site at S21 residue, which was extensively phosphorylated in an ERK-independent manner during PI3K signaling blockade. Using caspase inhibitors and the inhibition of MST1 expression using siRNA, we identified an exclusive role of the MEK-ERK-MST1 axis in the activation of initiator caspase-8, which in turn activates executive caspase-3/-7 that finally potentiate MST1 proteolytic cleavage. This mechanism forms a positive feed-back loop that amplifies the activation of MST1 together with apoptotic response in Jurkat T cells during PI3K inhibition. Altogether, we propose a novel MEK-ERK-MST1-CASP8-CASP3/7 apoptotic pathway in Jurkat T cells and believe that the regulation of this pathway can open novel possibilities in systemic and cancer therapies.
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Signals Getting Crossed in the Entanglement of Redox and Phosphorylation Pathways: Phosphorylation of Peroxiredoxin Proteins Sparks Cell Signaling. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8020029. [PMID: 30678096 PMCID: PMC6406269 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8020029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species have cell signaling properties and are involved in a multitude of processes beyond redox homeostasis. The peroxiredoxin (Prdx) proteins are highly sensitive intracellular peroxidases that can coordinate cell signaling via direct reactive species scavenging or by acting as a redox sensor that enables control of binding partner activity. Oxidation of the peroxidatic cysteine residue of Prdx proteins are the classical post-translational modification that has been recognized to modulate downstream signaling cascades, but increasing evidence supports that dynamic changes to phosphorylation of Prdx proteins is also an important determinant in redox signaling. Phosphorylation of Prdx proteins affects three-dimensional structure and function to coordinate cell proliferation, wound healing, cell fate and lipid signaling. The advent of large proteomic datasets has shown that there are many opportunities to understand further how phosphorylation of Prdx proteins fit into intracellular signaling cascades in normal or malignant cells and that more research is necessary. This review summarizes the Prdx family of proteins and details how post-translational modification by kinases and phosphatases controls intracellular signaling.
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Nongthombam GS, Borah K, Muinao T, Silla Y, Pal M, Deka Boruah HP, Boruah RC. Synthesis of D-Ring Annulated Pyridosteroids from β-Formyl Enamides and Their Biological Evaluations. ACS COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE 2019; 21:11-27. [PMID: 30576125 DOI: 10.1021/acscombsci.8b00140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report the synthesis of a novel class of substituted androst[17,16- b]pyridines (pyridosteroids) from the reaction of β-formyl enamides with alkynes in high yields. The optimized reaction protocol was extended to acyclic and cyclic β-formyl enamides to afford nonsteroidal pyridines. Cell survival assay of all compounds were carried against prostate cancer PC-3 cells wherein 3-hydroxy-5-en-2',3'-dicarbethoxy-androst[17,16- b]pyridine showed the highest cytotoxic activity. Phase contrast microscopy and flow cytometry studies exhibited marked morphological features characteristic of apoptosis in 3-hydroxy-5-en-2',3'-dicarbethoxy-androst[17,16- b]pyridine and abiraterone treated PC-3 cells. The treatment of 3-hydroxy-5-en-2',3'-dicarbethoxy-androst[17,16- b]pyridine induces G2/M phase cell cycle arrest in prostate cancer PC-3 cells. Enhancement of apoptotic inductions of PC-3 cells by 3-hydroxy-5-en-2',3'-dicarbethoxy-androst[17,16- b]pyridine and abiraterone through the activation of caspases-6, -7, and -8 pathways were supported by qRT-PCR. In silico study of the compound 3-hydroxy-5-en-2',3'-dicarbethoxy-androst[17,16- b]pyridine showed stable and promising interaction with the key caspase proteins. Our studies revealed that the pyridosteroid 3-hydroxy-5-en-2',3'-dicarbethoxy-androst[17,16- b]pyridine, bearing pyridine-2,3-dicarbethoxy pharmacophore, facilitated initiation of caspase-8 and activates downstream effectors caspase-6 and caspase-7 and thereby triggering apoptosis of PC-3 cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geetmani Singh Nongthombam
- Chemical Science and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science & Technology, Jorhat, Assam, India 785006
| | - Kasmika Borah
- Biological Science and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science & Technology, Jorhat, Assam, India 785006
| | - Thingreila Muinao
- Biological Science and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science & Technology, Jorhat, Assam, India 785006
| | - Yumnam Silla
- Biological Science and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science & Technology, Jorhat, Assam, India 785006
| | - Mintu Pal
- Biological Science and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science & Technology, Jorhat, Assam, India 785006
| | - Hari Prasanna Deka Boruah
- Biological Science and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science & Technology, Jorhat, Assam, India 785006
| | - Romesh Chandra Boruah
- Chemical Science and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science & Technology, Jorhat, Assam, India 785006
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25
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Xu DC, Arthurton L, Baena-Lopez LA. Learning on the Fly: The Interplay between Caspases and Cancer. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:5473180. [PMID: 29854765 PMCID: PMC5949197 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5473180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The ease of genetic manipulation, as well as the evolutionary conservation of gene function, has placed Drosophila melanogaster as one of the leading model organisms used to understand the implication of many proteins with disease development, including caspases and their relation to cancer. The family of proteases referred to as caspases have been studied over the years as the major regulators of apoptosis: the most common cellular mechanism involved in eliminating unwanted or defective cells, such as cancerous cells. Indeed, the evasion of the apoptotic programme resulting from caspase downregulation is considered one of the hallmarks of cancer. Recent investigations have also shown an instrumental role for caspases in non-lethal biological processes, such as cell proliferation, cell differentiation, intercellular communication, and cell migration. Importantly, malfunction of these essential biological tasks can deeply impact the initiation and progression of cancer. Here, we provide an extensive review of the literature surrounding caspase biology and its interplay with many aspects of cancer, emphasising some of the key findings obtained from Drosophila studies. We also briefly describe the therapeutic potential of caspase modulation in relation to cancer, highlighting shortcomings and hopeful promises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek Cui Xu
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX13RE, UK
- Cell Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lewis Arthurton
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX13RE, UK
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26
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Fulford A, Tapon N, Ribeiro PS. Upstairs, downstairs: spatial regulation of Hippo signalling. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2018; 51:22-32. [PMID: 29154163 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2017.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cellular signalling lies at the heart of every decision involved in the development and homeostasis of multicellular organisms. The Hippo pathway was discovered nearly two decades ago through seminal work in Drosophila and rapidly emerged as a crucial signalling network implicated in developmental and oncogenic growth, tissue regeneration and stem cell biology. Here, we review recent advances in the field relating to the upstream regulation of Hippo signalling and the intracellular tug-of-war that tightly controls its main target, the transcriptional co-activator Yorkie/YAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Fulford
- Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Nicolas Tapon
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK.
| | - Paulo S Ribeiro
- Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK.
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27
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Shi L, Liang F, Zheng J, Zhou K, Chen S, Yu J, Zhang J. Melatonin Regulates Apoptosis and Autophagy Via ROS-MST1 Pathway in Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:93. [PMID: 29632474 PMCID: PMC5879134 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Compelling evidence has indicated that imbalance between apoptosis and autophagy may be involved in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). We aimed to investigate the effects and mechanisms of melatonin in the homeostasis of apoptosis and autophagy. One-hundred and forty-eight male Sprague-Dawley rats were intraperitoneally injected with melatonin or vehicle 2 h after SAH induction. Western blotting and an immunofluorescent assay were performed to detect the expression of apoptosis- and autophagy-related proteins. The neuroprotective effect of melatonin attenuating SAH-induced neurological deficit and brain edema may be associated with the suppression of SAH-induced neuronal apoptosis and autophagy. Furthermore, melatonin inhibited the cleavage of mammalian sterile 20-like kinase 1 (MST1) protein by reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) content. These effects of melatonin on regulating the homeostasis between apoptosis and autophagy could be reversed by an MST1 agonist, chelerythrine, via enhancement of MST1 cleavage. In conclusion, exogenous melatonin alleviates SAH-induced early brain injury (EBI) by suppressing excessive neuronal apoptosis and autophagy. The underlying mechanism may, at least in part, involve the ROS-MST1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ligen Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Feng Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingwei Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Keren Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sheng Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jun Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianmin Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Brain Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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28
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Ardestani A, Maedler K. The Hippo Signaling Pathway in Pancreatic β-Cells: Functions and Regulations. Endocr Rev 2018; 39:21-35. [PMID: 29053790 DOI: 10.1210/er.2017-00167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Hippo signaling is an evolutionarily conserved pathway that critically regulates development and homeostasis of various tissues in response to a wide range of extracellular and intracellular signals. As an emerging important player in many diseases, the Hippo pathway is also involved in the pathophysiology of diabetes on the level of the pancreatic islets. Multiple lines of evidence uncover the importance of Hippo signaling in pancreas development as well as in the regulation of β-cell survival, proliferation, and regeneration. Hippo therefore represents a potential target for therapeutic agents designed to improve β-cell function and survival in diabetes. In this review, we summarize recent data on the regulation of the Hippo signaling pathway in the pancreas/in pancreatic islets, its functions on β-cell homeostasis in physiology and pathophysiology, and its contribution toward diabetes progression. The current knowledge related to general mechanisms of action and the possibility of exploiting the Hippo pathway for therapeutic approaches to block β-cell failure in diabetes is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Ardestani
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Kathrin Maedler
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
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29
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Shi L, Lei J, Xu H, Zheng J, Wang Y, Peng Y, Yu J, Zhang J. Hydrogen sulfide ameliorates subarachnoid hemorrhage-induced neuronal apoptosis via the ROS-MST1 pathway. Oncotarget 2017; 8:73547-73558. [PMID: 29088725 PMCID: PMC5650280 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has shown a neuroprotective role in several cerebrovascular diseases. This study aimed to explore the underlying mechanisms of H2S in early brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Methods One hundred seventy-seven male Sprague-Dawley rats were employed in this study. Sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS), a donor of H2S, was injected intraperitoneally at 60 min after SAH was induced by endovascular perforation. Western blot analysis determined the expression of several proteins of interest, and an immunofluorescence assay was used to examine neuronal apoptosis. Results Exogenous NaHS markedly improved neurological scores, attenuated brain edema, and ameliorated neuronal apoptosis at 24 h after SAH induction. The underlying mechanisms of H2S in ameliorating neuronal apoptosis might be executed through inhibition of the activity of mammalian sterile 20-like kinase 1 (MST1) protein. Western blot analysis demonstrated that exogenous NaHS decreased cleaved MST1 (cl-MST1) while increasing full-length MST1 expression. This anti-apoptotic effect of H2S could be reversed by chelerythrine, which could activate MST1 via caspase-dependent cleavage. Conclusions Exogenous NaHS, as a donor of H2S, could ameliorate early brain injury after SAH by inhibiting neuronal apoptosis by reducing the activity of the MST1 protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ligen Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianwei Lei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hangzhe Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jingwei Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yucong Peng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jun Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianmin Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Brain Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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30
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Liang F, Shi L, Zheng J, Chen S, Wang Y, Zhang J. Neuroprotective Effects of CGP3466B on Apoptosis Are Modulated by Protein-L-isoaspartate (D-aspartate) O-methyltransferase/Mst1 Pathways after Traumatic Brain Injury in Rats. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9201. [PMID: 28835703 PMCID: PMC5569064 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08196-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal apoptosis chiefly contributes to the cell loss following traumatic brain injury (TBI). CGP3466B is a compound related to the anti-Parkinsonism drug R-(−)-deprenyl. Previous studies have illuminated anti-apoptosis effects of CGP3466B in different cell lines, but the underlying mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. Mammalian sterile 20 (STE20)-like kinase1 (Mst1) is a core component of the Hippo signaling pathway. Protein-L-isoaspartate (D-aspartate) O-methyltransferase (PCMT1) is an enzyme that repairs damaged L-isoaspartyl residues in proteins. The present study was performed to investigate the neuroprotective effects of CGP3466B and to determine a potential PCMT1/Mst1 neuronal anti-apoptotic pathway after TBI. Double immunofluorescence staining demonstrated that PCMT1 and Mst1 are co-located in neurons. Administration of CGP3466B improved neurological function, downregulated the ROS level and alleviated brain edema at 24 h after TBI. CGP3466B alleviates neuronal apoptosis by increasing PCMT1 expression and subsequently inhibiting MST1 activation, resulting in changing the expression levels of Bax, Bcl-2 and active-caspase3. The TUNEL staining results also support the anti-apoptosis effects of CGP3466B. The anti-apoptotic effects of CGP3466B were abolished by chelerythrine, an Mst1 activator, without changing PCMT1 levels. In conclusion, our findings suggest CGP3466B may have a promising therapeutic potential by modulating PCMT1/Mst1 signaling pathway after TBI injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Ligen Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Jingwei Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Sheng Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Yangxin Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Jianmin Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China.
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31
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Ji F, Guo B, Wang N, Zhong C, Huang L, Huang Y, Wei L, Su M, Jiang Y, Jin Q, Liu Y, Zhang Z, Yang J, Chen T. Pyruvate kinase M2 interacts with mammalian sterile 20-like kinase 1 and inhibits tamoxifen-induced apoptosis in human breast cancer cells. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317692251. [DOI: 10.1177/1010428317692251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Tamoxifen has been reported to be associated with antagonism of estrogen-mediated cell growth signaling and activation of estrogen receptor–independent apoptosis events. It has been demonstrated that mammalian sterile 20-like kinase 1 is a direct target of Caspases to amplify the apoptotic signaling pathway. Here, we presented that breast cancer MCF-7 and SKBR3 cells under treatment with 4-hydroxytamoxifen displayed decreased level of pyruvate kinase M2. Western blot results also showed that 4-hydroxytamoxifen induced the activity of pro-apoptotic protein Caspase-3 in MCF-7 and SKBR3 cells, as evidenced by the cleavage of mammalian sterile 20-like kinase 1 substrate in a dose-dependent manner. Co-immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence experiments were performed to clarify the relationship between pyruvate kinase M2 and mammalian sterile 20-like kinase 1. The results indicated that mammalian sterile 20-like kinase 1 was associated with pyruvate kinase M2 in cultured mammalian cells, and the interaction between mammalian sterile 20-like kinase 1 and pyruvate kinase M2 was decreased in response to 4-hydroxytamoxifen treatment. In addition, knockdown of pyruvate kinase M2 upregulated the level of cleaved Caspase-3 and subsequently facilitated the nuclear translocation of mammalian sterile 20-like kinase 1. Our data further supplemented the extensive functions of pyruvate kinase M2 in mediating breast cancer cell viability by substantially abating the mammalian sterile 20-like kinase 1–mediated apoptosis. In summary, our results identified that mammalian sterile 20-like kinase 1 is a novel downstream target of pyruvate kinase M2, and knockdown of pyruvate kinase M2 contributes apoptosis via promoting nuclear translocation of mammalian sterile 20-like kinase 1 by enhancing Caspase-3-dependent cleavage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feihu Ji
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bianqin Guo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Chongqing Cancer Institute, Chongqing, China
| | - Nian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Changli Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Liyuan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yunxiu Huang
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lan Wei
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Min Su
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yulin Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qianni Jin
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yifeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhiqian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Junhong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tingmei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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32
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Perumal N, Perumal M, Kannan A, Subramani K, Halagowder D, Sivasithamparam N. Morin impedes Yap nuclear translocation and fosters apoptosis through suppression of Wnt/β-catenin and NF-κB signaling in Mst1 overexpressed HepG2 cells. Exp Cell Res 2017; 355:124-141. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.03.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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33
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Shi L, Al-Baadani A, Zhou K, Shao A, Xu S, Chen S, Zhang J. PCMT1 Ameliorates Neuronal Apoptosis by Inhibiting the Activation of MST1 after Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Rats. Transl Stroke Res 2017; 8:10.1007/s12975-017-0540-8. [PMID: 28534197 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-017-0540-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian sterile 20-like kinase 1 (MST1) is found to promote neuronal apoptosis. Protein-L-isoaspartate (D-aspartate) O-methyltransferase (PCMT1), an anti-apoptosis factor, was recently identified as an MST1-interacting protein. This study aims to explore the potential role of PCMT1 in reducing MST1-induced neuronal apoptosis after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in rats. One hundred ninety-eight male Sprague-Dawley rats were used. An exogenous PCMT1 agonist, CGP 3466B, was injected subcutaneously 1 h after the SAH induced by endovascular perforation. Chelerythrine or calyculin A was given immediately via intracerebroventricular administration after SAH. The SAH grade, Garcia score, and brain water content were measured at 24 and 72 h after the SAH. Neuronal apoptosis was detected by an immunofluorescent assay. The expression levels of endogenous PCMT1, MST1, phospho-MST1 (p-MST1), cleaved MST1 (cl-MST1), and apoptosis-related proteins were studied by western blotting. The expression of PCMT1 and MST1 decreased, while the level of active caspase 3 increased in rats after SAH. CGP 3466B treatment improved neurobehavioral function, reduced brain water content, inhibited the activity of MST1, and relieved neuronal apoptosis. These neuroprotective effects were significantly weakened either through accelerating MST1 phosphorylation by calyculin A or increasing cl-MST1 by chelerythrine. PCMT1 inhibited neuronal apoptosis by reducing MST1 phosphorylation and the level of cl-MST1. PCMT1/MST1 pathway might be an alternative therapeutic target for alleviating early brain injury after SAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ligen Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Ammar Al-Baadani
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Keren Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Anwen Shao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Shenbin Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Sheng Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.
| | - Jianmin Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.
- Brain Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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The mammalian STE20-like kinase 1 (MST1) is a substrate for the apoptosis inhibiting protein kinase CK2. Cell Signal 2017; 36:163-175. [PMID: 28487119 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2017.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Revised: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis and the response to cell stress are evolutionary highly conserved mechanisms. Both processes require strict regulation, which is often performed by protein kinases. The mammalian Sterile 20-like kinase 1 (MST1) is a pro-apoptotic protein kinase, which is activated and cleaved by caspases upon the induction of cell stress. Being a phosphoprotein itself, the activity of MST1 is regulated by phosphorylation. Protein kinase CK2 is an anti-apoptotic protein kinase which seems to be involved in the regulation of many different cellular processes including apoptosis. There is increasing evidence that the cleavage of many substrates by caspases is regulated by phosphorylation in the close vicinity of the caspase cleavage sites. One of these kinases, implicated in the phosphorylation of caspase substrates, is protein kinase CK2. Here, we report that serine 320 of the MST1 protein is a novel phosphorylation site for the anti-apoptotic protein kinase CK2. Although serine 320 is in close vicinity to the caspase 3 cleavage site, caspase 3 cleavage of MST1 is not affected by CK2 phosphorylation. Using biochemical approaches, we were able to show that MST1 co-localizes with the CK2 subunits in the pancreatic β-cell line INS-1 and that full-length MST1 and the activated N-terminal fragment of MST1 both interacted with the CK2 subunits in vitro and in vivo. MST1 is a basophilic kinase whereas CK2 is an acidophilic kinase. Thus, binding of these two kinases in the cytosol and in the nucleus opens the door to the phosphorylation of a variety of new substrates.
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Rassf Proteins as Modulators of Mst1 Kinase Activity. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45020. [PMID: 28327630 PMCID: PMC5361201 DOI: 10.1038/srep45020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Rassf1A/5 tumor suppressors serve as adaptor proteins possessing a modular architecture with the C-terminal consisting of a coiled-coil SARAH (Salvador-Rassf-Hippo) domain and the central portion being composed of Ras associated (RA) domain. Here, we investigate the effect of Rassf effectors on Mst1 function by mapping the interaction of various domains of Rassf1A/5 and Mst1 kinase using surface plasmon resonance (SPR). The results revealed that apart from the C-terminal SARAH domain of Mst1 which interacts to form heterodimers with Rassf1A/5, the N-terminal kinase domain of Mst1 plays a crucial role in the stabilization of this complex. In addition, SPR experiments show that the RA domains play an important role in fine-tuning the Mst1-Rassf interaction, with Rassf5 being a preferred partner over a similar Rassf1A construct. It was also demonstrated that the activity profile of Mst1 in presence of Rassf adaptors completely switches. A Rassf-Mst1 complexed version of the kinase becomes apoptotic by positively regulating Mst1-H2B mediated serine 14 histone H2B phosphorylation, a hallmark of chromatin condensation. In contrast, the heterodimerization of Mst1 with Rassf1A/5 suppresses the phosphorylation of FoxO, thereby inhibiting the downstream Mst1-FoxO signalling pathway.
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Characterizing Dynamic Protein-Protein Interactions Using the Genetically Encoded Split Biosensor Assay Technique Split TEV. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1596:219-238. [PMID: 28293890 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6940-1_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Dynamic protein-protein interactions (PPIs) are fundamental building blocks of cellular signaling and monitoring their regulation promotes the understanding of signaling in health and disease. Genetically encoded split protein biosensor assays, such as the split TEV method, have proved to be highly valuable when studying regulated PPIs in living cells. Split TEV is based on the functional complementation of two previously inactive TEV protease fragments fused to interacting proteins and provides a robust, sensitive and flexible readout to monitor PPIs both at the membrane and in the cytosol. Thus, split TEV can be used to analyze interactomes of receptors, membrane-associated proteins, and cytosolic proteins. In particular, split TEV is useful to assay activities of relevant drug targets, such as receptor tyrosine kinases and G protein-coupled receptors, in compound screens. As split TEV uses genetically encoded readouts, including standard reporters based on fluorescence and luminescence, the technique can also be combined with scalable molecular barcode reporter systems, allowing the integration into multiplexed high-throughput assay approaches. Split TEV can be used in standard heterologous cell lines and primary cell types, including neurons, either in a transient or stably integrated format. When using cell lines, the basic protocol takes 30-96 h to complete, depending on the complexity of the experimental question addressed.
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Ardestani A, Maedler K. MST1: a promising therapeutic target to restore functional beta cell mass in diabetes. Diabetologia 2016; 59:1843-9. [PMID: 27053234 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-016-3892-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The loss of insulin-producing beta cells by apoptosis is a hallmark of all forms of diabetes mellitus. Strategies to prevent beta cell apoptosis and dysfunction are urgently needed to restore the insulin-producing cells and to prevent severe diabetes progression. We recently identified the serine/threonine kinase known as mammalian sterile 20-like kinase 1 (MST1) as a critical regulator of apoptotic beta cell death and dysfunction. MST1 activates several apoptotic signalling pathways, which further stimulate its own cleavage, leading to a vicious cycle of cell death. This led us to hypothesise that MST1 signalling is central to the initiation of beta cell death in diabetes. We found that MST1 is strongly activated in a diabetic beta cell and induces not only its death but also directly impairs insulin secretion through promoting proteasomal degradation of key beta cell transcription factor, pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 (PDX1), which is critical for insulin production.Pre-clinical studies in various animal models of diabetes have reported that MST1 deficiency remarkably restores normoglycaemia and beta cell function and prevents the development of diabetes. Importantly, MST1 deficiency can revert fully diabetic beta cells to a non-diabetic state. MST1 may serve as a target for the development of novel therapies for diabetes that trigger the cause of the disease, namely, the destruction of the beta cells. The major current focus of our investigation is to identify and test the efficacy of potent inhibitors of this death signalling pathway to protect beta cells against the effects of autoimmune attack in type 1 diabetes and to preserve beta cell mass and function in type 2 diabetes. This review summarises a presentation given at the 'Can we make a better beta cell?' symposium at the 2015 annual meeting of the EASD. It is accompanied by two other reviews on topics from this symposium (by Heiko Lickert and colleagues, DOI: 10.1007/s00125-016-3949-9 , and by Harry Heimberg and colleagues, DOI: 10.1007/s00125-016-3879-6 ) and a commentary by the Session Chair, Shanta Persaud (DOI: 10.1007/s00125-016-3870-2 ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Ardestani
- Islet Biology Laboratory, Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, University of Bremen, Leobener Straße NW2, Room B2080, 28359, Bremen, Germany.
| | - Kathrin Maedler
- Islet Biology Laboratory, Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, University of Bremen, Leobener Straße NW2, Room B2080, 28359, Bremen, Germany.
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Wu W, Zhang M, Ou S, Liu X, Xue L, Liu J, Wu Y, Li Y, Liu Q. Early protective role of MST1 knockdown in response to experimental diabetic nephropathy. Am J Transl Res 2016; 8:1397-1411. [PMID: 27186267 PMCID: PMC4859627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a progressive kidney disease caused by the damage of capillaries in kidney's glomeruli. Mammalian Sterile 20-like kinase 1 (MST1) has been reported to play an important role in many disease, such as diabetes, cardiac disease and ect. However, the potential role of MST1 pathway in DN has not been fully evaluated. In this study, we hypothesized that MST1 could be involved in DN, and MST1 knockdown would attenuate the DN injury in experimental diabetic nephropathy induced by streptozotocin (STZ). The sieving method was used to generate primary cultures of rat podocytes, and cultured according to the previous reports. The clinical data were analyzed for vein specimens from ESRD. Real-time quantitative PCR was used to examine the mRNA levels. Immuno-fluorescence assay was used for primary podocyte in vitro. Lectrophoretic mobility shift assay was used for DNA binding activity of NF-κB. HE staining for histological examination and western blot assay for protein expression were employed. The average GBM thickness (GBMT) was measured By using the electron microscopy. In vitro, MST1 level increased significantly in primary rat podocyte cultured in hyperglycemia condition. In vivo experiment, diabetes induced by a single STZ injection (50 mg/kg) in SD rats. Knockdown of MST1 expression by lentiviral mediated gene transfer partly reduced the proteinuria and the level of FASL, and improved the pathological changes of the diabetic kidney. In conclusion, the MST1 could be involved in DN pathogenesis and may serve as the target for development of new therapies for DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihua Wu
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical UniversityChina
| | - Maoping Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital of Southwest Medical UniversityChina
| | - Santao Ou
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical UniversityChina
| | - Xing Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical UniversityChina
| | - Ling Xue
- Department of Urology Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical UniversityChina
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical UniversityChina
| | - Yuke Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital of Southwest Medical UniversityChina
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical UniversityChina
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical UniversityChina
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Hollville E, Martin SJ. Measuring Apoptosis by Microscopy and Flow Cytometry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 112:14.38.1-14.38.24. [DOI: 10.1002/0471142735.im1438s112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Hollville
- Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin Ireland
| | - Seamus J. Martin
- Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin Ireland
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41
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Bauer NC, Doetsch PW, Corbett AH. Mechanisms Regulating Protein Localization. Traffic 2015; 16:1039-61. [PMID: 26172624 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2015] [Revised: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Cellular functions are dictated by protein content and activity. There are numerous strategies to regulate proteins varying from modulating gene expression to post-translational modifications. One commonly used mode of regulation in eukaryotes is targeted localization. By specifically redirecting the localization of a pool of existing protein, cells can achieve rapid changes in local protein function. Eukaryotic cells have evolved elegant targeting pathways to direct proteins to the appropriate cellular location or locations. Here, we provide a general overview of these localization pathways, with a focus on nuclear and mitochondrial transport, and present a survey of the evolutionarily conserved regulatory strategies identified thus far. We end with a description of several specific examples of proteins that exploit localization as an important mode of regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas C Bauer
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.,Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Cell, and Developmental Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.,Current address: Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Paul W Doetsch
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.,Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.,Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Anita H Corbett
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.,Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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Ouazia D, Levros LC, Rassart É, Desrosiers R. The protein l-isoaspartyl (d-aspartyl) methyltransferase protects against dopamine-induced apoptosis in neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. Neuroscience 2015; 295:139-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Revised: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Kim M, Kim M, Lee MS, Kim CH, Lim DS. The MST1/2-SAV1 complex of the Hippo pathway promotes ciliogenesis. Nat Commun 2014; 5:5370. [PMID: 25367221 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary cilia are microtubule-based organelles that protrude from polarized epithelial cells. Although many structural and trafficking molecules that regulate ciliogenesis have been discovered, signalling proteins are not well defined. Here we show that the MST1/2-SAV1 complex, a core component of the Hippo pathway, promotes ciliogenesis. MST1 is activated during ciliogenesis and localizes to the basal body of cilia. Depletion of MST1/2 or SAV1 impairs ciliogenesis in cultured cells and induces ciliopathy phenotypes in zebrafish. MST1/2-SAV1 regulates ciliogenesis through two independent mechanisms: MST1/2 binds and phosphorylates Aurora kinase A (AURKA), leading to dissociation of the AURKA/HDAC6 cilia-disassembly complex; and MST1/2-SAV1 associates with the NPHP transition-zone complex, promoting ciliary localization of multiple ciliary cargoes. Our results suggest that components of the Hippo pathway contribute to establish a polarized cell structure in addition to regulating proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miju Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Creative Research Initiatives Center, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, Korea
| | - Minchul Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Creative Research Initiatives Center, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, Korea
| | - Mi-Sun Lee
- Department of Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Korea
| | - Cheol-Hee Kim
- Department of Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Korea
| | - Dae-Sik Lim
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Creative Research Initiatives Center, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, Korea
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Shott RH, Majer A, Frost KL, Booth SA, Schang LM. Activation of pro-survival CaMK4β/CREB and pro-death MST1 signaling at early and late times during a mouse model of prion disease. Virol J 2014; 11:160. [PMID: 25183307 PMCID: PMC4168054 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-11-160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The signaling pathways most critical to prion disease pathogenesis are as yet incompletely characterized. We have developed a kinomics approach to identify signaling pathways that are dysregulated during prion pathogenesis. The approach is sensitive and specific enough to detect signaling pathways dysregulated in a simple in vitro model of prion pathogenesis. Here, we used this approach to identify signaling pathways dysregulated during prion pathogenesis in vivo. Methods Mice intraperitoneally infected with scrapie (strain RML) were euthanized at 70, 90, 110, 130 days post-infection (dpi) or at terminal stages of disease (155–190 dpi). The levels of 139 protein kinases in brainstem-cerebellum homogenates were analyzed by multiplex Western blots, followed by hierarchical clustering and analyses of activation states. Results Hierarchical and functional clustering identified CaMK4β and MST1 signaling pathways as potentially dysregulated. Targeted analyses revealed that CaMK4β and its downstream substrate CREB, which promotes neuronal survival, were activated at 70 and 90 dpi in cortical, subcortical and brainstem-cerebellum homogenates from scrapie-infected mice. The activation levels of CaMK4β/CREB signaling returned to those in mock-infected mice at 110 dpi, whereas MST1, which promotes neuronal death, became activated at 130 dpi. Conclusion Pro-survival CaMK4β/CREB signaling is activated in mouse scrapie at earlier times and later inhibited, whereas pro-death MST1 signaling is activated at these later times. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1743-422X-11-160) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Luis M Schang
- Department of Biochemistry and Centre for Prions and Protein Folding Diseases (CPPFD), University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
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Tang F, Zhang L, Xue G, Hynx D, Wang Y, Cron PD, Hundsrucker C, Hergovich A, Frank S, Hemmings BA, Schmitz-Rohmer D. hMOB3 modulates MST1 apoptotic signaling and supports tumor growth in glioblastoma multiforme. Cancer Res 2014; 74:3779-89. [PMID: 24872389 PMCID: PMC4102567 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-13-3430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
New therapeutic targets are needed that circumvent inherent therapeutic resistance of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Here, we report such a candidate target in the uncharacterized adaptor protein hMOB3, which we show is upregulated in GBM. In a search for its biochemical function, we found that hMOB3 specifically interacts with MST1 kinase in response to apoptotic stimuli and cell-cell contact. Moreover, hMOB3 negatively regulated apoptotic signaling by MST1 in GBM cells by inhibiting the MST1 cleavage-based activation process. Physical interaction between hMOB3 and MST1 was essential for this process. In vivo investigations established that hMOB3 sustains GBM cell growth at high cell density and promotes tumorigenesis. Our results suggest hMOB3 as a candidate therapeutic target for the treatment of malignant gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengyuan Tang
- Authors' Affiliations: Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research;
| | - Lei Zhang
- Authors' Affiliations: Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research
| | - Gongda Xue
- Authors' Affiliations: Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research
| | - Debby Hynx
- Authors' Affiliations: Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research
| | - Yuhua Wang
- Authors' Affiliations: Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research
| | - Peter D Cron
- Authors' Affiliations: Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research
| | - Christian Hundsrucker
- Authors' Affiliations: Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Basel, Switzerland; and
| | | | - Stephan Frank
- Division of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Basel
| | - Brian A Hemmings
- Authors' Affiliations: Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research
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Grijalva JL, Huizenga M, Mueller K, Rodriguez S, Brazzo J, Camargo F, Sadri-Vakili G, Vakili K. Dynamic alterations in Hippo signaling pathway and YAP activation during liver regeneration. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2014; 307:G196-204. [PMID: 24875096 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00077.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The Hippo signaling pathway has been implicated in mammalian organ size regulation and tumor suppression. Specifically, the Hippo pathway plays a critical role regulating the activity of transcriptional coactivator Yes-associated protein (YAP), which modulates a proliferative transcriptional program. Recent investigations have demonstrated that while this pathway is activated in quiescent livers, its inhibition leads to liver overgrowth and tumorigenesis. However, the role of the Hippo pathway during the natural process of liver regeneration remains unknown. Here we investigated alterations in the Hippo signaling pathway and YAP activation during liver regeneration using a 70% partial hepatectomy (PH) rat model. Our results indicate an increase in YAP activation by 1 day following PH as demonstrated by increased YAP nuclear localization and increased YAP target gene expression. Investigation of the Hippo pathway revealed a decrease in the activation of core kinases Mst1/2 by 1 day as well as Lats1/2 and its adapter protein Mob1 by 3 days following PH. Evaluation of liver-to-body weight ratios indicated that the liver reaches its near normal size by 7 days following PH, which correlated with a return to baseline YAP nuclear levels and target gene expression. Additionally, when liver size was restored, Mst1/2 kinase activation returned to levels observed in quiescent livers indicating reactivation of the Hippo signaling pathway. These findings illustrate the dynamic changes in the Hippo signaling pathway and YAP activation during liver regeneration, which stabilize when the liver-to-body weight ratio reaches homeostatic levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- James L Grijalva
- Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Megan Huizenga
- MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - Kaly Mueller
- Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Steven Rodriguez
- MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - Joseph Brazzo
- Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Fernando Camargo
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ghazaleh Sadri-Vakili
- MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - Khashayar Vakili
- Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts;
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MicroRNA-18a is elevated in prostate cancer and promotes tumorigenesis through suppressing STK4 in vitro and in vivo. Oncogenesis 2014; 3:e99. [PMID: 24752237 PMCID: PMC4007194 DOI: 10.1038/oncsis.2014.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Revised: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) comprise a class of short, non-coding RNAs that regulate protein synthesis through posttranscriptional modifications. In this study, we found significant upregulation of miR-18a in prostate cancer specimens and prostate cancer cell lines compared with the normal controls. MiRNAs can be separated into two groups based on whether they regulate tumor suppressors or oncogenes. In our previous study, we found that miR-18a, which belongs to the miR17-92 cluster, is upregulated in prostate cancer; the objective of this study was to investigate the associated regulatory mechanisms. We found that miR-18a is upregulated in clinical tumor specimens and cancer cell lines. Our bioinformatics analysis showed that the serine/threonine-protein kinase 4 (STK4) 3′ untranslated region contains a highly conserved binding site for the miR-18a seed region. Luciferase reporter assays were performed to indicate that STK4 is a direct target of miR-18a. Interestingly, miR-18a knockdown decreased cell growth in prostate cancer cells and significantly decreased prostate tumor growth in in vivo nude mice experiments through STK4-mediated dephosphorylation of AKT and thereby inducing apoptosis. Our results suggest that miR-18a acts as an oncomiR targeting STK4 in prostate cancer, and inhibition of miR-18a expression may offer therapeutically beneficial option for prostate cancer treatment.
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Mammalian sterile 20-like kinase 1/2 inhibits the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway by directly binding casein kinase 1ε. Biochem J 2014; 458:159-69. [PMID: 24180524 DOI: 10.1042/bj20130986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The Hippo signalling pathway can suppress the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway through the last downstream effectors YAP (Yes-associated protein)/TAZ (tafazzin). MST (mammalian sterile 20-like kinase) 1 functions as the upstream kinase of the Hippo pathway, and CK1ε (casein kinase 1ε) plays roles in the up-stream signal transduction of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. In the present study, using tandem affinity purification and MS analysis, CK1ε was identified as a novel partner of MST1. Further analysis showed that the interaction between MST1 and CK1ε was mediated by their kinase domains and enhanced by the activation of MST1. To exclude the interference of the phosphorylated YAP/TAZ, the transduction from MST1 to YAP/TAZ was blocked using anti-WW45 shRNA. In the sh-WW45 cells, MST1 still inhibited the Wnt3A-induced phosphorylation of DVL2 (dishevelled 2) and Wnt/β-catenin signalling by disturbing the interaction of DVL2 and CK1ε. The growth-suppressive effect of MST1 in the presence of Wnt3A was effectively relieved by the downstream activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Moreover, MST2, the close homologue of MST1, also displayed the similar function in suppressing the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Therefore the results of the present study revealed that, in addition to the phosphorylated YAP/TAZ, the Hippo pathway can suppress the Wnt/β-catenin pathway directly through MST1/2.
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Yan G, Qin Q, Yi B, Chuprun K, Sun H, Huang S, Sun J. Protein-L-isoaspartate (D-aspartate) O-methyltransferase protects cardiomyocytes against hypoxia induced apoptosis through inhibiting proapoptotic kinase Mst1. Int J Cardiol 2013; 168:3291-9. [PMID: 23647599 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2013.04.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2012] [Revised: 02/14/2013] [Accepted: 04/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mammalian sterile 20-like kinase 1 (Mst1) is a mammalian homolog of Hippo kinase from Drosophila and it is a critical component of the Hippo signaling pathway, which regulates a variety of biological processes ranging from cell contact inhibition, organ size control, apoptosis and tumor suppression in mammals. Mst1 plays essential roles in heart disease since its activation causes cardiomyocyte apoptosis and dilated cardiomyopathy. However, the mechanism underlying Mst1 activation in the heart is not known. METHODS AND RESULTS To identify novel cardiac proteins that may regulate Mst1 activity in the heart under pathophysiological conditions, a yeast two-hybrid screening of a human heart cDNA library with a dominant-negative Mst1 (K59R) mutant used as bait was performed. As a result, protein-L-isoaspartate (D-aspartate) O-methyltransferase (PCMT1) was identified as an Mst1-interacting protein. The interaction of PCMT1 with Mst1 was confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation in both co-transfected HEK293 cells and native cardiomyocytes, in which PCMT1 interacted with the kinase domain of Mst1, but not with its C-terminal regulatory domain. Overexpression of PCMT1 did not affect the Mst1 expression, but significantly attenuated the Mst1 activation and its apoptotic effects in response to the hypoxia/reoxygenation induced injury in cardiomyocytes. Indeed, upregulation of PCMT1 by CGP3466B, a compound related to the anti-Parkinson's drug R-(-)-deprenyl with potent antiapoptotic effects, inhibited the hypoxia/reoxygenation induced Mst1 activation and cardiomyocyte apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS These findings implicate PCMT1 as a novel inhibitor of Mst1 activation in cardiomyocytes and suggest that targeting PCMT1 may prevent myocardial apoptosis through inhibition of Mst1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guijun Yan
- Center for Translational Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; Reproductive Medicine Center, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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You B, Huang S, Qin Q, Yi B, Yuan Y, Xu Z, Sun J. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase interacts with proapoptotic kinase mst1 to promote cardiomyocyte apoptosis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e58697. [PMID: 23527007 PMCID: PMC3604124 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0058697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2012] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian sterile 20-like kinase 1 (Mst1) is a critical component of the Hippo signaling pathway, which regulates a variety of biological processes ranging from cell contact inhibition, organ size control, apoptosis and tumor suppression in mammals. Mst1 plays essential roles in the heart disease since its activation causes cardiomyocyte apoptosis and dilated cardiomyopathy. However, the mechanism underlying Mst1 activation in the heart remains unknown. In a yeast two-hybrid screen of a human heart cDNA library with Mst1 as bait, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) was identified as an Mst1-interacting protein. The interaction of GAPDH with Mst1 was confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation in both co-transfected HEK293 cells and mouse heart homogenates, in which GAPDH interacted with the kinase domain of Mst1, whereas the C-terminal catalytic domain of GAPDH mediated its interaction with Mst1. Moreover, interaction of Mst1 with GAPDH caused a robust phosphorylation of GAPDH and markedly increased the Mst1 activity in cells. Chelerythrine, a potent inducer of apoptosis, substantially increased the nuclear translocation and interaction of GAPDH and Mst1 in cardiomyocytes. Overexpression of GAPDH significantly augmented the Mst1 mediated apoptosis, whereas knockdown of GAPDH markedly attenuated the Mst1 activation and cardiomyocyte apoptosis in response to either chelerythrine or hypoxia/reoxygenation. These findings reveal a novel function of GAPDH in Mst1 activation and cardiomyocyte apoptosis and suggest that disruption of GAPDH interaction with Mst1 may prevent apoptosis related heart diseases such as heart failure and ischemic heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei You
- Institute of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengdong Huang
- Institute of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Qin
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Bing Yi
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Yang Yuan
- Institute of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiyun Xu
- Institute of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianxin Sun
- Institute of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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