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Al-Aqtash R, Collier DM. Ionotropic purinergic receptor 7 (P2X7) channel structure and pharmacology provides insight regarding non-nucleotide agonism. Channels (Austin) 2024; 18:2355150. [PMID: 38762911 PMCID: PMC11110710 DOI: 10.1080/19336950.2024.2355150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024] Open
Abstract
P2X7 is a member of the Ionotropic Purinergic Receptor (P2X) family. The P2X family of receptors is composed of seven (P2X1-7), ligand-gated, nonselective cation channels. Changes in P2X expression have been reported in multiple disease models. P2Xs have large complex extracellular domains that function as receptors for a variety of ligands, including endogenous and synthetic agonists and antagonists. ATP is the canonical agonist. ATP affinity ranges from nanomolar to micromolar for most P2XRs, but P2X7 has uniquely poor ATP affinity. In many physiological settings, it may be difficult to achieve the millimolar extracellular ATP concentrations needed for P2X7 channel activation; however, channel function is implicated in pain sensation, immune cell function, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and osteoporosis. Multiple high-resolution P2X7 structures have been solved in apo-, ATP-, and antagonist-bound states. P2X7 structural data reveal distinct allosteric and orthosteric antagonist-binding sites. Both allosteric and orthosteric P2X7 antagonists are well documented to inhibit ATP-evoked channel current. However, a growing body of evidence supports P2X7 activation by non-nucleotide agonists, including extracellular histone proteins and human cathelicidin-derived peptides (LL-37). Interestingly, P2X7 non-nucleotide agonism is not inhibited by allosteric antagonists, but is inhibited by orthosteric antagonists. Herein, we review P2X7 function with a focus on the efficacy of available pharmacology on P2X7 channel current activation by non-nucleotide agonists in effort to understand agonist/antagonist efficacy, and consider the impact of these data on the current understanding of P2X7 in physiology and disease given these limitations of P2X7-selective antagonists and incomplete knockout mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rua’a Al-Aqtash
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Daniel M. Collier
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
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2
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Otto M, Zheng Y, Grablowitz P, Wiehe T. Detecting adaptive changes in gene copy number distribution accompanying the human out-of-Africa expansion. Hum Genome Var 2024; 11:37. [PMID: 39313504 PMCID: PMC11420239 DOI: 10.1038/s41439-024-00293-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Genes with multiple copies are likely to be maintained by stabilizing selection, which puts a bound to unlimited expansion of copy number. We designed a model in which copy number variation is generated by unequal recombination, which fits well with several genes surveyed in three human populations. Based on this theoretical model and computer simulations, we were interested in determining whether the gene copy number distribution in the derived European and Asian populations can be explained by a purely demographic scenario or whether shifts in the distribution are signatures of adaptation. Although the copy number distribution in most of the analyzed gene clusters can be explained by a bottleneck, such as in the out-of-Africa expansion of Homo sapiens 60-10 kyrs ago, we identified several candidate genes, such as AMY1A and PGA3, whose copy numbers are likely to differ among African, Asian, and European populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Otto
- Institue for Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Yichen Zheng
- Institue for Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Paul Grablowitz
- Department of Computer Science, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Wiehe
- Institue for Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
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3
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Galozzi P, Bindoli S, Baggio C, Battisti I, Leonardi A, Basso D, Arrigoni G, Sfriso P. Proteomic Profiling of Tears in Blau Syndrome Patients in Identification of Potential Disease Biomarkers. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8387. [PMID: 39125957 PMCID: PMC11312868 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Blau syndrome (BS) is a rare autoinflammatory granulomatosis characterized by granulomatous arthritis, uveitis, and dermatitis. Ocular complications are particularly severe in BS, significantly contributing to morbidity. This study aims to identify potential biomarkers for BS ocular degeneration through proteomic profiling of tear samples from affected patients. Seven subjects from the same family, including four carriers of the BS-associated NOD2 mutation (p.E383K), were recruited alongside healthy controls. Tear samples were collected using Schirmer strips and analyzed via mass spectrometry. A total of 387 proteins were identified, with significant differences in protein expression between BS patients, healthy familial subjects, and healthy controls. Key findings include the overexpression of alpha-2-macroglobulin (A2M) and immunoglobulin heavy constant gamma 4 (IGHG4) in BS patients. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that differentially expressed proteins are involved in acute-phase response, extracellular exosome formation, and protein binding. Notably, neutrophils' azurophilic granule components, as azurocidin (AZU1), myeloperoxidases (MPO), and defensins (DEFA3), were highly expressed in the most severely affected subject, suggesting a potential role of neutrophils in BS ocular severity. These proteins might be promising biomarkers for ocular involvement in BS, facilitating early detection and tailored treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Galozzi
- Laboratory Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine DIMED, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Sara Bindoli
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine DIMED, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Chiara Baggio
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine DIMED, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Ilaria Battisti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Leonardi
- Ophthalmology Unit, Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Daniela Basso
- Laboratory Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine DIMED, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Giorgio Arrigoni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Paolo Sfriso
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine DIMED, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padova, Italy
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Zhang R, Yang A, Fu J, Zhang L, Yin L, Xu T, Dai C, Su W, Shen W. Budesonide and N-acetylcysteine inhibit activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome by regulating miR-381 to alleviate acute lung injury caused by the pyroptosis-mediated inflammatory response. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2024; 13:tfae115. [PMID: 39100861 PMCID: PMC11295220 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfae115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The anti-inflammatory effects of budesonide (BUN) and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) attenuate acute lung injury (ALI). The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of combination therapy consisting of BUN and NAC on ALI and the underlying mechanisms. Methods In vitro and in vivo models of ALI were generated by LPS induction. Western blotting was used to detect the expression levels of pyroptosis-related proteins and inflammation-related factors, and RT-qPCR was used to detect the expression of miR-381. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were detected by CCK-8 and flow cytometry, respectively. ELISA was used to detect the levels of inflammation-related factors. HE staining was used to detect lung injury. Results The results showed that LPS effectively induced pyroptosis in cells and promoted the expression of pyroptosis-related proteins (Caspase1, Gasdermin D and NLRP3) and inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β). The combination of BUN and NAC significantly alleviated LPS-induced pyroptosis and inflammation. In addition, the combination of BUN and NAC effectively promoted miR-381 expression. Transfection of miR-381 mimics effectively alleviated LPS-induced pyroptosis and inflammation, while transfection of miR-381 inhibitors had the opposite effect. miR-381 negatively regulates NLRP3 expression. Treatment with a miR-381 inhibitor or pc-NLRP3 reversed the effects of the combination of BUN and NAC. In a mouse model of ALI, the combination of BUN and NAC effectively improved lung injury, while treatment with a miR-381 inhibitor or pc-NLRP3 effectively reversed this effect. Conclusion Overall, this study revealed that BUN + NAC inhibits the activation of NLRP3 by regulating miR-381, thereby alleviating ALI caused by pyroptosis-mediated inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongfang Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Qujing No. 1 Hospital, No. 1 Garden Road, Qilin District, Qujing, Yunnan 655000, China
| | - Aiping Yang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Qujing No. 1 Hospital, No. 1 Garden Road, Qilin District, Qujing, Yunnan 655000, China
| | - Jin Fu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Qujing No. 1 Hospital, No. 1 Garden Road, Qilin District, Qujing, Yunnan 655000, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Qujing No. 1 Hospital, No. 1 Garden Road, Qilin District, Qujing, Yunnan 655000, China
| | - Liyue Yin
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Qujing No. 1 Hospital, No. 1 Garden Road, Qilin District, Qujing, Yunnan 655000, China
| | - Ting Xu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Qujing No. 1 Hospital, No. 1 Garden Road, Qilin District, Qujing, Yunnan 655000, China
| | - Chunhui Dai
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Qujing No. 1 Hospital, No. 1 Garden Road, Qilin District, Qujing, Yunnan 655000, China
| | - Wenbing Su
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Qujing No. 1 Hospital, No. 1 Garden Road, Qilin District, Qujing, Yunnan 655000, China
| | - Wanling Shen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Qujing No. 1 Hospital, No. 1 Garden Road, Qilin District, Qujing, Yunnan 655000, China
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Jiang S, Xie D, Hu Z, Song H, Tang P, Jin Y, Xia J, Ji Y, Xiao Y, Chen S, Fu Q, Dai J. Enhanced diabetic wound healing with injectable hydrogel containing self-assembling nanozymes. J Control Release 2024; 372:265-280. [PMID: 38906418 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2024] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
To build a smart system in response to the variable microenvironment in infected diabetic wounds, a multifunctional wound dressing was constructed by co-incorporating glucose oxidase (GOx) and a pH-responsive self-assembly Cu2-xSe-BSA nanozyme into a dual-dynamic bond cross-linked hydrogel (OBG). This composite hydrogel (OBG@CG) can adhere to the wound site and respond to the acidic inflammatory environment, initiating the GOx-catalyzed generation of H2O2 and the self-assembly activated peroxidase-like property of Cu2-xSe-BSA nanozymes, resulting in significant hydroxyl radical production to attack the biofilm during the acute infection period and alleviate the high-glucose microenvironment for better wound healing. During the wound recovery phase, Cu2-xSe-BSA aggregates disassembled owing to the elevated pH, terminating catalytic reactive oxygen species generation. Simultaneously, Cu2+ released from the Cu2-xSe-BSA not only promotes the production of mature collagen but also enhances the migration and proliferation of endothelial cells. RNA-seq analysis demonstrated that OBG@CG exerted its antibacterial property by damaging the integrity of the biofilm by inducing radicals and interfering with the energy supply, along with destroying the defense system by disturbing thiol metabolism and reducing transporter activities. This work proposes an innovative glucose consumption strategy for infected diabetic wound management, which may inspire new ideas in the exploration of smart wound dressing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sicheng Jiang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Biomedical Research Center, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Dingqi Xie
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Biomedical Research Center, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Zehui Hu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Biomedical Research Center, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Honghai Song
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Biomedical Research Center, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Pan Tang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Biomedical Research Center, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Yang Jin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Biomedical Research Center, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Jiechao Xia
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Biomedical Research Center, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Yinwen Ji
- The Children's Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310052, China
| | - Ying Xiao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Biomedical Research Center, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Shuai Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Biomedical Research Center, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, China.
| | - Qinrui Fu
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medicine College of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China.
| | - Jiayong Dai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Biomedical Research Center, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, China.
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Chen P, Li X. NLRP3 inflammasome in atherosclerosis: Mechanisms and targeted therapies. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1430236. [PMID: 39144618 PMCID: PMC11322363 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1430236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is the primary pathology behind various cardiovascular diseases and the leading cause of death and disability globally. Recent evidence suggests that AS is a chronic vascular inflammatory disease caused by multiple factors. In this context, the NLRP3 inflammasome, acting as a signal transducer of the immune system, plays a critical role in the onset and progression of AS. The NLRP3 inflammasome is involved in endothelial injury, foam cell formation, and pyroptosis in AS. Therefore, targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome offers a new treatment strategy for AS. This review highlights the latest insights into AS pathogenesis and the pharmacological therapies targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome, focusing on optimal targets for small molecule inhibitors. These insights are valuable for rational drug design and the pharmacological assessment of new targeted NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitors in treating AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Chen
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, China
| | - Xia Li
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, China
- Shandong Kelun Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd., Binzhou, China
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7
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Ye H, Zou X, Fang X. Advancing cell-based therapy in sepsis: An anesthesia outlook. Chin Med J (Engl) 2024; 137:1522-1534. [PMID: 38708689 PMCID: PMC11230747 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000003097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Sepsis poses a health challenge globally owing to markedly high rates of morbidity and mortality. Despite employing bundle therapy over two decades, approaches including transient organ supportive therapy and clinical trials focusing on signaling pathways have failed in effectively reversing multiple organ failure in patients with sepsis. Prompt and appropriate perioperative management for surgical patients with concurrent sepsis is urgent. Consequently, innovative therapies focusing on remedying organ injuries are necessitated. Cell therapy has emerged as a promising therapeutic avenue for repairing local damage to vital organs and restoring homeostasis during perioperative treatment for sepsis. Given the pivotal role of immune cell responses in the pathogenesis of sepsis, stem cell-based interventions that primarily modulate immune responses by interacting with multiple immune cells have progressed into clinical trials. The strides made in single-cell sequencing and gene-editing technologies have advanced the understanding of disease-specific immune responses in sepsis. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-immune cell therapy offers an intriguing option for the treatment of sepsis. This review provides a concise overview of immune cell therapy, its current status, and the strides made in the context of sepsis research, discussing potential strategies for the management of patients with sepsis during perioperative stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Ye
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zou
- The Children's Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 312000, China
| | - Xiangming Fang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China
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8
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Canas JJ, Arregui SW, Zhang S, Knox T, Calvert C, Saxena V, Schwaderer AL, Hains DS. DEFA1A3 DNA gene-dosage regulates the kidney innate immune response during upper urinary tract infection. Life Sci Alliance 2024; 7:e202302462. [PMID: 38580392 PMCID: PMC10997819 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202302462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are host defense effectors with potent neutralizing and immunomodulatory functions against invasive pathogens. The AMPs α-Defensin 1-3/DEFA1A3 participate in innate immune responses and influence patient outcomes in various diseases. DNA copy-number variations in DEFA1A3 have been associated with severity and outcomes in infectious diseases including urinary tract infections (UTIs). Specifically, children with lower DNA copy numbers were more susceptible to UTIs. The mechanism of action by which α-Defensin 1-3/DEFA1A3 copy-number variations lead to UTI susceptibility remains to be explored. In this study, we use a previously characterized transgenic knock-in of the human DEFA1A3 gene mouse to dissect α-Defensin 1-3 gene dose-dependent antimicrobial and immunomodulatory roles during uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) UTI. We elucidate the relationship between kidney neutrophil- and collecting duct intercalated cell-derived α-Defensin 1-3/DEFA1A3 expression and UTI. We further describe cooperative effects between α-Defensin 1-3 and other AMPs that potentiate the neutralizing activity against UPEC. Cumulatively, we demonstrate that DEFA1A3 directly protects against UPEC meanwhile impacting pro-inflammatory innate immune responses in a gene dosage-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge J Canas
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Samuel W Arregui
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Kidney and Urology Translational Research Center, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Shaobo Zhang
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Kidney and Urology Translational Research Center, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Taylor Knox
- Kidney and Urology Translational Research Center, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Christi Calvert
- Kidney and Urology Translational Research Center, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Vijay Saxena
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Kidney and Urology Translational Research Center, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Andrew L Schwaderer
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Riley Hospital for Children, Indiana University Health, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Kidney and Urology Translational Research Center, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - David S Hains
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Riley Hospital for Children, Indiana University Health, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Kidney and Urology Translational Research Center, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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Gao Y, Chen Z, Wu S, Chen R, Dai Y, Zhang S, Chen K. Clinical Characteristics and Comparative Proteomics Analysis of COVID-19-Related Atrioventricular Block. Rev Cardiovasc Med 2024; 25:195. [PMID: 39076308 PMCID: PMC11270121 DOI: 10.31083/j.rcm2506195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Atrioventricular block (AVB) is thought to be a rare cardiovascular complication of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), though limited data are available beyond case reports. We aim to describe the baseline characteristics, proteomics profile, and outcomes for patients with COVID-19-related AVB. Methods We prospectively recruited patients diagnosed with COVID-19-related AVB between November 2022 and March, 2023. Inclusion criteria were hospitalization for COVID-19 with the diagnosis of AVB. A total of 24 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 without AVB were recruited for control. We analyzed patient characteristics and outcomes and performed a comparative proteomics analysis on plasma samples of those patients and controls. Results A total of 17 patients diagnosed with COVID-19-related AVB and 24 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 infection without AVB were included. Among patients with COVID-19-related AVB, the proportion of concurrent pneumonia was significantly higher than controls (7/17 versus 2/24, p < 0.05). All 17 AVB patients (9 of permanent AVB, 8 of paroxysmal AVB) received permanent pacemaker implantation. No procedural-related complication occurred. In laboratory tests, the level of biomarkers indicating myocardial damage were substantially higher than controls, including high-sensitivity cardiac troponin-I (median 0.005 versus 0.002 ng/mL, p < 0.05), myoglobulin (median 39.0 versus 27.6 ng/mL, p < 0.05), and MB isoenzyme of creatine kinase (median 1.2 versus 0.8 U/L, p < 0.05). The level of N-terminal pro-b-type natriuretic peptide (median 241.0 versus 33.5 pg/mL, p < 0.05), C-reactive protein (median 4.8 versus 2.0 mg/L, p < 0.05), D-dimer (median 1.2 versus 0.2 µg/mL, p < 0.05), left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (median 49.3 versus 45.7 mm, p < 0.05) in patients with COVID-19-related AVB were significantly higher than controls. The level of albumin (median 41.9 versus 44.5 g/L, p < 0.05) was significantly lower than controls. In comparative proteomics analysis, we identified 397 human proteins. Several significantly altered plasma proteins related to inflammatory response (Serum amyloid A protein, C-reactive protein, Protein Adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), Alpha-2-macroglobulin), complement and coagulation cascades (Tetranectin, haptoglobin), and immune response (Neutrophil defensin 3, Fibrinogen beta chain) may contribute to the pathogenesis of COVID-19-related AVB. Conclusions Patients with COVID-19-related AVB are more prone to have myocardial damage and concurrent pneumonia. Through laboratory tests and comparative proteomics analysis, we identified several differential expressed proteins (Serum amyloid A protein, Tetranectin, Neutrophil defensin 3) releated to the inflammatory response, complement and coagulation cascades, and immune response, which provides evidence of potential biomarkers and sheds light on the pathogenesis of COVID-19-related AVB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Arrhythmia Center, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100037 Beijing, China
| | - Zhongli Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Arrhythmia Center, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100037 Beijing, China
| | - Sijin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Arrhythmia Center, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100037 Beijing, China
| | - Ruohan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Arrhythmia Center, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100037 Beijing, China
| | - Yan Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Arrhythmia Center, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100037 Beijing, China
| | - Shu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Arrhythmia Center, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100037 Beijing, China
| | - Keping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Arrhythmia Center, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100037 Beijing, China
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10
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Cruz PD, Wargowsky R, Gonzalez-Almada A, Sifontes EP, Shaykhinurov E, Jaatinen K, Jepson T, Lafleur JE, Yamane D, Perkins J, Pasquale M, Giang B, McHarg M, Falk Z, McCaffrey TA. Blood RNA Biomarkers Identify Bacterial and Biofilm Coinfections in COVID-19 Intensive Care Patients. J Intensive Care Med 2024:8850666241251743. [PMID: 38711289 DOI: 10.1177/08850666241251743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Purpose: Secondary opportunistic coinfections are a significant contributor to morbidity and mortality in intensive care unit (ICU) patients, but can be difficult to identify. Presently, new blood RNA biomarkers were tested in ICU patients to diagnose viral, bacterial, and biofilm coinfections. Methods: COVID-19 ICU patients had whole blood drawn in RNA preservative and stored at -80°C. Controls and subclinical infections were also studied. Droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR) quantified 6 RNA biomarkers of host neutrophil activation to bacterial (DEFA1), biofilm (alkaline phosphatase [ALPL], IL8RB/CXCR2), and viral infections (IFI27, RSAD2). Viral titer in blood was measured by ddPCR for SARS-CoV2 (SCV2). Results: RNA biomarkers were elevated in ICU patients relative to controls. DEFA1 and ALPL RNA were significantly higher in severe versus incidental/moderate cases. SOFA score was correlated with white blood cell count (0.42), platelet count (-0.41), creatinine (0.38), and lactate dehydrogenase (0.31). ALPL RNA (0.59) showed the best correlation with SOFA score. IFI27 (0.52) and RSAD2 (0.38) were positively correlated with SCV2 viral titer. Overall, 57.8% of COVID-19 patients had a positive RNA biomarker for bacterial or biofilm infection. Conclusions: RNA biomarkers of host neutrophil activation indicate the presence of bacterial and biofilm coinfections in most COVID-19 patients. Recognizing coinfections may help to guide the treatment of ICU patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Dela Cruz
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The George Washington University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Richard Wargowsky
- Department of Medicine, Division of Genomic Medicine, The George Washington University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Alberto Gonzalez-Almada
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The George Washington University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Erick Perez Sifontes
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The George Washington University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Eduard Shaykhinurov
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The George Washington University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Kevin Jaatinen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Genomic Medicine, The George Washington University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Tisha Jepson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Genomic Medicine, The George Washington University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
- True Bearing Diagnostics, Washington, DC, USA
| | - John E Lafleur
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The George Washington University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - David Yamane
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The George Washington University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - John Perkins
- Department of Medicine, Division of Genomic Medicine, The George Washington University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Mary Pasquale
- Department of Medicine, Division of Genomic Medicine, The George Washington University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Brian Giang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The George Washington University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Matthew McHarg
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The George Washington University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Zach Falk
- Department of Medicine, Division of Genomic Medicine, The George Washington University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Timothy A McCaffrey
- Department of Medicine, Division of Genomic Medicine, The George Washington University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
- True Bearing Diagnostics, Washington, DC, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Tropical Medicine, The George Washington University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
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11
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Ma R, Zhou X, Zhai X, Wang C, Hu R, Chen Y, Shi L, Fang X, Liao Y, Ma L, Jiang M, Wu J, Wang R, Chen J, Cao T, Du G, Zhao Y, Wu W, Chen H, Li S, Lian Q, Guo G, Xiao J, Hutchins AP, Yuan P. Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals immune cell dysfunction in the peripheral blood of patients with highly aggressive gastric cancer. Cell Prolif 2024; 57:e13591. [PMID: 38319150 PMCID: PMC11056698 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Highly aggressive gastric cancer (HAGC) is a gastric cancer characterized by bone marrow metastasis and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Information about the disease is limited. Here we employed single-cell RNA sequencing to investigate peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), aiming to unravel the immune response of patients toward HAGC. PBMCs from seven HAGC patients, six normal advanced gastric cancer (NAGC) patients, and five healthy individuals were analysed by single-cell RNA sequencing. The expression of genes of interest was validated by bulk RNA-sequencing and ELISA. We found a massive expansion of neutrophils in PBMCs of HAGC. These neutrophils are activated, but immature. Besides, mononuclear phagocytes exhibited an M2-like signature and T cells were suppressed and reduced in number. Analysis of cell-cell crosstalk revealed that several signalling pathways involved in neutrophil to T-cell suppression including APP-CD74, MIF-(CD74+CXCR2), and MIF-(CD74+CD44) pathways were increased in HAGC. NETosis-associated genes S100A8 and S100A9 as well as VEGF, PDGF, FGF, and NOTCH signalling that contribute to DIC development were upregulated in HAGC too. This study reveals significant changes in the distribution and interactions of the PBMC subsets and provides valuable insight into the immune response in patients with HAGC. S100A8 and S100A9 are highly expressed in HAGC neutrophils, suggesting their potential to be used as novel diagnostic and therapeutic targets for HAGC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Ma
- Guangdong Institute of GastroenterologyGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor DiseaseThe Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Xuemeng Zhou
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Systems Biology, Department of BiologySchool of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhenChina
| | - Xiaohui Zhai
- Department of Medical OncologyThe Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Chuyue Wang
- Guangdong Institute of GastroenterologyGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor DiseaseThe Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Rong Hu
- Guangdong Institute of GastroenterologyGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor DiseaseThe Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - You Chen
- Guangdong Institute of GastroenterologyGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor DiseaseThe Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Liyang Shi
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Systems Biology, Department of BiologySchool of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhenChina
| | - Xing Fang
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative MedicineDr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Yuan Liao
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Lifeng Ma
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Mengmeng Jiang
- Liangzhu LaboratoryZhejiang University Medical CenterHangzhouChina
| | - Junqing Wu
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
- Liangzhu LaboratoryZhejiang University Medical CenterHangzhouChina
| | - Renying Wang
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Jiao Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Systems Biology, Department of BiologySchool of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhenChina
| | - Taiyuan Cao
- Department of Medical OncologyThe Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Ge Du
- Department of Medical OncologyThe Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Yingying Zhao
- Guangdong Institute of GastroenterologyGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor DiseaseThe Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Weili Wu
- Guangdong Institute of GastroenterologyGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor DiseaseThe Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Haide Chen
- Liangzhu LaboratoryZhejiang University Medical CenterHangzhouChina
| | - Shanshan Li
- Department of Medical OncologyThe Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Qizhou Lian
- Faculty of Synthetic BiologyShenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of SciencesShenzhenChina
- Guangzhou Institute of Eugenics and Perinatology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical CenterGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Guoji Guo
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative MedicineDr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineHangzhouChina
- Liangzhu LaboratoryZhejiang University Medical CenterHangzhouChina
- Institute of HematologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Jian Xiao
- Department of Medical OncologyGuangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Andrew P. Hutchins
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Systems Biology, Department of BiologySchool of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhenChina
| | - Ping Yuan
- Guangdong Institute of GastroenterologyGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor DiseaseThe Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Department of General SurgeryThe Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Biomedical Innovation CenterThe Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
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12
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Kasper R, Rodriguez-Alfonso A, Ständker L, Wiese S, Schneider EM. Major endothelial damage markers identified from hemadsorption filters derived from treated patients with septic shock - endoplasmic reticulum stress and bikunin may play a role. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1359097. [PMID: 38698864 PMCID: PMC11063272 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1359097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction In septic patients the damage of the endothelial barrier is decisive leading to circulatory septic shock with disseminated vascular coagulation, edema and multiorgan failure. Hemadsorption therapy leads to rapid resolution of clinical symptoms. We propose that the isolation of proteins adsorbed to hemadsorption devices contributes to the identification of mediators responsible for endothelial barrier dysfunction. Material and methods Plasma materials enriched to hemadsorption filters (CytoSorb®) after therapy of patients in septic shock were fractionated and functionally characterized for their effect on cell integrity, viability, proliferation and ROS formation by human endothelial cells. Fractions were further studied for their contents of oxidized nucleic acids as well as peptides and proteins by mass spectrometry. Results Individual fractions exhibited a strong effect on endothelial cell viability, the endothelial layer morphology, and ROS formation. Fractions with high amounts of DNA and oxidized DNA correlated with ROS formation in the target endothelium. In addition, defined proteins such as defensins (HNP-1), SAA1, CXCL7, and the peptide bikunin were linked to the strongest additive effects in endothelial damage. Conclusion Our results indicate that hemadsorption is efficient to transiently remove strong endothelial damage mediators from the blood of patients with septic shock, which explains a rapid clinical improvement of inflammation and endothelial function. The current work indicates that a combination of stressors leads to the most detrimental effects. Oxidized ssDNA, likely derived from mitochondria, SAA1, the chemokine CXCL7 and the human neutrophil peptide alpha-defensin 1 (HNP-1) were unique for their significant negative effect on endothelial cell viability. However, the strongest damage effect occurred, when, bikunin - cleaved off from alpha-1-microglobulin was present in high relative amounts (>65%) of protein contents in the most active fraction. Thus, a relevant combination of stressors appears to be removed by hemadsorption therapy which results in fulminant and rapid, though only transient, clinical restitution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Kasper
- Clinic of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Armando Rodriguez-Alfonso
- Core Facility Functional Peptidomics, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
- Core Unit Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics (CUMP), Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Ludger Ständker
- Core Facility Functional Peptidomics, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Sebastian Wiese
- Core Unit Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics (CUMP), Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - E. Marion Schneider
- Clinic of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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13
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Fan Z, Wang K, Zhao X, Sun X. P2X7 receptor: A receptor closely linked with sepsis-associated encephalopathy. Open Life Sci 2024; 19:20220775. [PMID: 38585633 PMCID: PMC10998679 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2022-0775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is defined as a dysregulated host response to infection resulting in life-threatening organ dysfunction. Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) is the main manifestation of sepsis. Inflammation, peroxidation stress injury, and apoptosis are the main factors involved in the pathogenesis of SAE. A growing body of evidence has proved that P2X7 receptor (P2X7R), a cationic channel receptor that is widely distributed in the body, plays a major role in the occurrence and development of inflammatory injury. Therefore, this review mainly describes the activation of P2X7R in sepsis, which leads to the recruitment of inflammatory cells to the cerebral vasculature, the destruction of the blood-brain barrier, the activation of microglial cells in the brain, the apoptosis of brain cells, and other damage processes. This review also illustrates the potential therapeutic value of P2X7R inhibition in SAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Fan
- Shandong Provincial Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Clinical Anesthesia, School of Anesthesiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang261053, Shandong, China
| | - Kaifang Wang
- Shandong Provincial Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Clinical Anesthesia, School of Anesthesiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang261053, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoyong Zhao
- Shandong Provincial Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Clinical Anesthesia, School of Anesthesiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang261053, Shandong, China
- The Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang261021, Shandong, China
| | - Xude Sun
- Shandong Provincial Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Clinical Anesthesia, School of Anesthesiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang261053, Shandong, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xian710038, Shanxi, China
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14
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Li X, Zheng S, Feng Z, Liu X, Ding Y, Zhang L, Zhang G, Liu M, Zhu H, Jia H. Serum proteomics analysis of drug-naïve patients with generalised anxiety disorder: Tandem mass tags and multiple reaction monitoring. World J Biol Psychiatry 2024; 25:188-199. [PMID: 38247046 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2023.2301064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The prevalence of generalised anxiety disorder (GAD) is high. However, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Proteomics techniques can be employed to assess the pathological mechanisms involved in GAD. METHODS Twenty-two drug-naive GAD patients were recruited, their serum samples were used for protein quantification and identified using Tandem Mass Tag and Multiple Reaction Monitoring (MRM). Machine learning models were employed to construct predictive models for disease occurrence by using clinical scores and target proteins as input variables. RESULTS A total of 991 proteins were differentially expressed between GAD and healthy participants. Gene Ontology analysis revealed that these proteins were significantly associated with stress response and biological regulation, suggesting a significant implication in anxiety disorders. MRM validation revealed evident disparities in 12 specific proteins. The machine learning model found a set of five proteins accurately predicting the occurrence of the disease at a rate of 87.5%, such as alpha 1B-glycoprotein, complement component 4 A, transferrin, V3-3, and defensin alpha 1. These proteins had a functional association with immune inflammation. CONCLUSIONS The development of generalised anxiety disorder might be closely linked to the immune inflammatory stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & National Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Sisi Zheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & National Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengtian Feng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & National Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinzi Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & National Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Ding
- Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lina Zhang
- Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guofu Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & National Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Min Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & National Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Zhu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & National Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongxiao Jia
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & National Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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15
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Yu F, Zhang Z, Leng Y, Chen AF. O-GlcNAc modification of GSDMD attenuates LPS-induced endothelial cells pyroptosis. Inflamm Res 2024; 73:5-17. [PMID: 37962578 PMCID: PMC10776498 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-023-01812-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Increased O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) stimulation has been reported to protect against sepsis associated mortality and cardiovascular derangement. Previous studies, including our own research, have indicated that gasdermin-D(GSDMD)-mediated endothelial cells pyroptosis contributes to sepsis-associated endothelial injury. This study explored the functions and mechanisms of O-GlcNAc modification on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced pyroptosis and its effects on the function of GSDMD. METHODS A LPS-induced septic mouse model administrated with O-GlcNAcase (OGA) inhibitor thiamet-G (TMG) was used to assess the effects of O-GlcNAcylation on sepsis-associated vascular dysfunction and pyroptosis. We conducted experiments on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) by challenging them with LPS and TMG to investigate the impact of O-GlcNAcylation on endothelial cell pyroptosis and implications of GSDMD. Additionally, we identified potential O-GlcNAcylation sites in GSDMD by utilizing four public O-GlcNAcylation site prediction database, and these sites were ultimately established through gene mutation. RESULTS Septic mice with increased O-GlcNAc stimulation exhibited reduced endothelial injury, GSDMD cleavage (a marker of pyroptosis). O-GlcNAc modification of GSDMD mitigates LPS-induced pyroptosis in endothelial cells by preventing its interaction with caspase-11 (a human homologous of caspases-4/5). We also identified GSDMD Serine 338 (S338) as a novel site of O-GlcNAc modification, leading to decreased association with caspases-4 in HEK293T cells. CONCLUSIONS Our findings identified a novel post-translational modification of GSDMD and elucidated the O-GlcNAcylation of GSDMD inhibits LPS-induced endothelial injury, suggesting that O-GlcNAc modification-based treatments could serve as potential interventions for sepsis-associated vascular endothelial injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yu
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Research Center for Life Science and Human Health, Binjiang Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yiping Leng
- The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Research Center for Phase I Clinical Trials, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Alex F Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.
- Department of Cardiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Development and Regenerative Medicine, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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16
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Fu J, Zong X, Jin M, Min J, Wang F, Wang Y. Mechanisms and regulation of defensins in host defense. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:300. [PMID: 37574471 PMCID: PMC10423725 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01553-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
As a family of cationic host defense peptides, defensins are mainly synthesized by Paneth cells, neutrophils, and epithelial cells, contributing to host defense. Their biological functions in innate immunity, as well as their structure and activity relationships, along with their mechanisms of action and therapeutic potential, have been of great interest in recent years. To highlight the key research into the role of defensins in human and animal health, we first describe their research history, structural features, evolution, and antimicrobial mechanisms. Next, we cover the role of defensins in immune homeostasis, chemotaxis, mucosal barrier function, gut microbiota regulation, intestinal development and regulation of cell death. Further, we discuss their clinical relevance and therapeutic potential in various diseases, including infectious disease, inflammatory bowel disease, diabetes and obesity, chronic inflammatory lung disease, periodontitis and cancer. Finally, we summarize the current knowledge regarding the nutrient-dependent regulation of defensins, including fatty acids, amino acids, microelements, plant extracts, and probiotics, while considering the clinical application of such regulation. Together, the review summarizes the various biological functions, mechanism of actions and potential clinical significance of defensins, along with the challenges in developing defensins-based therapy, thus providing crucial insights into their biology and potential clinical utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Fu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Eastern China, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xin Zong
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Eastern China, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Mingliang Jin
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Eastern China, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Junxia Min
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Fudi Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Public Health, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Basic Medical Sciences, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China.
| | - Yizhen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Eastern China, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
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17
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Huang C, Lou C, Zheng X, Pang L, Wang G, Zhu M, Dai X, Wang J, Tu M, Xu W, Chen Z, Gao H, Xu L. Plasma human neutrophil peptides as biomarkers of disease severity and mortality in patients with decompensated cirrhosis. Liver Int 2023; 43:1096-1106. [PMID: 36648384 DOI: 10.1111/liv.15520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Human neutrophil peptides (HNP)-1, -2 and -3 are the most abundant proteins in neutrophil azurophilic granules and are rapidly released via neutrophil degranulation upon activation. The aims of our study were to assess the role of HNP1-3 as biomarkers of disease severity in patients with decompensated cirrhosis and their value in predicting short-term mortality. METHODS In this study, 451 patients with acutely decompensated cirrhosis (AD) were enrolled at the two medical centres. Overall, 281 patients were enrolled as the training cohort from October 2015 to April 2019, and 170 patients were enrolled as the validation cohort from June 2020 to February 2021. Plasma HNP1-3 levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS Plasma HNP1-3 increased stepwise with disease severity (compensated cirrhosis: 0.3 (0.2-0.4); AD without acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF): 1.9 (1.3-4.8); ACLF-1: 2.3 (1.8-6.1); ACLF-2: 5.6 (2.9-12.3); ACLF-3: 10.3 (5.7-17.2) ng/ml). From the multivariate Cox regression analysis, HNP1-3 emerged as independent predictors of mortality at 30 and 90 days. Similar results were observed in the subgroup analysis. On ROC analysis, plasma HNP1-3 showed better predictive accuracy for 30- and 90-day mortality (area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) of 0.850 and 0.885, respectively) than the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and similar accuracy as end-stage liver disease (MELD: 0.881 and 0.874) and chronic liver failure-sequential organ failure (CLIF-SOFA: 0.887 and 0.878). CONCLUSIONS Plasma HNP1-3 levels were closely associated with disease severity and might be used to identify patients with AD at high risk of short-term mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhong Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Congcong Lou
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoping Zheng
- Department of Pathology, Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Shuren University Shulan International Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lantian Pang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Gang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengfei Zhu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Shuren University Shulan International Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiahong Dai
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Shuren University Shulan International Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mingmin Tu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Shuren University Shulan International Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Shuren University Shulan International Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhi Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hainv Gao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Shuren University Shulan International Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lichen Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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18
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Ju J, Liu Y, Liang H, Yang B. The role of pyroptosis in endothelial dysfunction induced by diseases. Front Immunol 2023. [DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1093985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Most organs in the body rely on blood flow, and vesicular damage is the leading cause of injury in multiple organs. The endothelium, as the barriers of vessels, play a critical role in ensuring vascular homeostasis and angiogenesis. The rapid development of risk factors in endothelial injuries has been seen in the past decade, such as smoking, infectious, and diabetes mellites. Pyroptotic endothelium is an inflammatory mode of governed endothelial cell death that depend on the metabolic disorder and severe infectious such as atherosclerosis, and sepsis-related acute lung injury, respectively. Pyroptotic endothelial cells need GSDMD cleaved into N- and C-terminal by caspase1, and the cytokines are released by a pore constructed by the N-terminal of GSDMD in the membrane of ECs, finally resulting in severe inflammation and pyroptotic cell death. This review will focus on the patho-physiological and pharmacological pathways of pyroptotic endothelial metabolism in diseases. Overall, this review indicates that pyroptosis is a significant risk factor in diseases and a potential drug target in related diseases.
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Ju J, Liu Y, Liang H, Yang B. The role of pyroptosis in endothelial dysfunction induced by diseases. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1093985. [PMID: 36776394 PMCID: PMC9910335 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1093985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Most organs in the body rely on blood flow, and vesicular damage is the leading cause of injury in multiple organs. The endothelium, as the barriers of vessels, play a critical role in ensuring vascular homeostasis and angiogenesis. The rapid development of risk factors in endothelial injuries has been seen in the past decade, such as smoking, infectious, and diabetes mellites. Pyroptotic endothelium is an inflammatory mode of governed endothelial cell death that depend on the metabolic disorder and severe infectious such as atherosclerosis, and sepsis-related acute lung injury, respectively. Pyroptotic endothelial cells need GSDMD cleaved into N- and C-terminal by caspase1, and the cytokines are released by a pore constructed by the N-terminal of GSDMD in the membrane of ECs, finally resulting in severe inflammation and pyroptotic cell death. This review will focus on the patho-physiological and pharmacological pathways of pyroptotic endothelial metabolism in diseases. Overall, this review indicates that pyroptosis is a significant risk factor in diseases and a potential drug target in related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Ju
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, National-Regional Key Technology Engineering Laboratory for Medical Ultrasound, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yanyan Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai People’s Hospital, Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Haihai Liang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China,Research Unit of Noninfectious Chronic Diseases in Frigid Zone (2019RU070), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Baofeng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China,Research Unit of Noninfectious Chronic Diseases in Frigid Zone (2019RU070), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China,*Correspondence: Baofeng Yang,
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Histone Citrullination Mediates a Protective Role in Endothelium and Modulates Inflammation. Cells 2022; 11:cells11244070. [PMID: 36552833 PMCID: PMC9777278 DOI: 10.3390/cells11244070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
NETosis is a key host immune process against a pathogenic infection during innate immune activation, consisting of a neutrophil "explosion" and, consequently, NET formation, containing mainly DNA, histones, and other nuclear proteins. During sepsis, an exacerbated immune host response to an infection occurs, activating the innate immunity and NETosis events, which requires histone H3 citrullination. Our group compared the circulating histone levels with those citrullinated H3 levels in plasma samples of septic patients. In addition, we demonstrated that citrullinated histones were less cytotoxic for endothelial cells than histones without this post-translational modification. Citrullinated histones did not affect cell viability and did not activate oxidative stress. Nevertheless, citrullinated histones induced an inflammatory response, as well as regulatory endothelial mechanisms. Furthermore, septic patients showed elevated levels of circulating citrullinated histone H3, indicating that the histone citrullination is produced during the first stages of sepsis, probably due to the NETosis process.
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Liu F, Zhang Y, Shi Y, Xiong K, Wang F, Yang J. Ceramide induces pyroptosis through TXNIP/NLRP3/GSDMD pathway in HUVECs. BMC Mol Cell Biol 2022; 23:54. [DOI: 10.1186/s12860-022-00459-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Pyroptosis of endothelial cells is a new cause of endothelial dysfunction in multiple diseases. Ceramide acts as a potential bioactive mediator of inflammation and increases vascular endothelial permeability in many diseases, whether it can aggravate vascular endothelial injury by inducing cell pyroptosis remains unknown. This study was established to explore the effects of C8-ceramide (C8-Cer) on human umbilical vein vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs) and its possible underlying mechanism.
Methods
HUVECs were exposed to various concentrations of C8-Cer for 12 h, 24 h, 48 h. The cell survival rate was measured using the cell counting kit-8 assay. Western blotting and Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were used to detect the pyroptosis-releated protein and mRNA expressions, respectively. Caspase-1 activity assay was used to detect caspase-1 activity. Hoechst 33342/propidium iodide double staining and flow cytometry were adopted to measure positive staining of cells. Lactate dehydrogenase release assay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were adopted to measure leakage of cellular contents. FITC method was used to detect the permeability of endothelial cells. ROS fluorescence intensity were detected by flow cytometry.
Results
The viability of HUVECs decreased gradually with the increase in ceramide concentration and time. Ceramide upregulated the expression of thioredoxin interacting protein (TXNIP), NLRP3, GSDMD, GSDMD-NT, caspase-1 and Casp1 p20 at the protein and mRNA level in a dose-dependent manner. It also enhanced the PI uptake in HUVECs and upregulated caspase-1 activity. Moreover, it promoted the release of lactate dehydrogenase, interleukin-1β, and interleukin-18. Meanwhile, we found that ceramide led to increased vascular permeability. The inhibitor of NLRP3 inflammasome assembly, MCC950, was able to disrupt the aforementioned positive loop, thus alleviating vascular endothelial cell damage. Interestingly, inhibition of TXNIP either chemically using verapamil or genetically using small interfering RNA (siRNA) can effectively inhibit ceramide-induced pyroptosis and improved cell permeability. In addition, ceramide stimulated reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. The pretreatment of antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC), ROS scavenger, blocked the expression of pyroptosis markers induced by C8-cer in HUVECs.
Conclusion
The current study demonstrated that C8-Cer could aggravate vascular endothelial cell damage and increased cell permeability by inducing cell pyroptosis. The results documented that the ROS-dependent TXNIP/NLRP3/GSDMD signalling pathway plays an essential role in the ceramide-induced pyroptosis in HUVECs.
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Liu Z, Avila C, Malone LE, Gnatenko DV, Sheriff J, Zhu W, Bahou WF. Age-restricted functional and developmental differences of neonatal platelets. J Thromb Haemost 2022; 20:2632-2645. [PMID: 35962592 PMCID: PMC10953828 DOI: 10.1111/jth.15847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Developmental ontogeny of neonatal thrombopoiesis retains characteristics that are distinct from adults although molecular mechanisms remain unestablished. METHODS We applied multiparameter quantitative platelet responses with integrated ribosome profiling/transcriptomic studies to better define gene/pathway perturbations regulating the neonatal-to-adult transition. A bioinformatics pipeline was developed to identify stable, neonatal-restricted platelet biomarkers for clinical application. RESULTS Cord blood (CB) platelets retained the capacity for linear agonist-receptor coupling linked to phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure and α-granule release, although a restricted block in cross-agonist activation pathways was evident. Functional immaturity of synergistic signaling pathways was due to younger ontogenetic age and singular underdevelopment of the protein secretory gene network, with reciprocal expansion of developmental pathways (E2F, G2M checkpoint, c-Myc) important for megakaryocytopoiesis. Genetic perturbations regulating vesicle transport and fusion (TOM1L1, VAMP3, SNAP23, and DNM1L) and PS exposure and procoagulant activity (CLCN3) were the most significant, providing a molecular explanation for globally attenuated responses. Integrated transcriptomic and ribosomal footprints identified highly abundant (ribosome-protected) DEFA3 (encoding human defensin neutrophil peptide 3) and HBG1 as stable biomarkers of neonatal thrombopoiesis. Studies comparing CB- or adult-derived megakaryocytopoiesis confirmed inducible and abundant DEFA3 antigenic expression in CB megakaryocytes, ~3.5-fold greater than in leukocytes (the most abundant source in humans). An initial feasibility cohort of at-risk pregnancies manifested by maternal/fetal hemorrhage (chimerism) were applied for detection and validation of platelet HBG1 and DEFA3 as neonatal thrombopoiesis markers, most consistent for HBG1, which displayed gestational age-dependent expression. CONCLUSIONS These studies establish an ontogenetically divergent stage of neonatal thrombopoiesis, and provide initial feasibility studies to track disordered fetal-to-adult megakaryocytopoiesis in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyan Liu
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Cecilia Avila
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Lisa E. Malone
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Dmitri V. Gnatenko
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
- Center for Scientific Review, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jawaad Sheriff
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Wei Zhu
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Wadie F. Bahou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
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Human neutrophil peptides 1-3 protect the murine urinary tract from uropathogenic Escherichia coli challenge. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2206515119. [PMID: 36161923 PMCID: PMC9546544 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2206515119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are critical to the protection of the urinary tract of humans and other animals from pathogenic microbial invasion. AMPs rapidly destroy pathogens by disrupting microbial membranes and/or augmenting or inhibiting the host immune system through a variety of signaling pathways. We have previously demonstrated that alpha-defensins 1-3 (DEFA1A3) are AMPs expressed in the epithelial cells of the human kidney collecting duct in response to uropathogens. We also demonstrated that DNA copy number variations in the DEFA1A3 locus are associated with UTI and pyelonephritis risk. Because DEFA1A3 is not expressed in mice, we utilized human DEFA1A3 gene transgenic mice (DEFA4/4) to further elucidate the biological relevance of this locus in the murine urinary tract. We demonstrate that the kidney transcriptional and translational expression pattern is similar in humans and the human gene transgenic mouse upon uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) stimulus in vitro and in vivo. We also demonstrate transgenic human DEFA4/4 gene mice are protected from UTI and pyelonephritis under various UPEC challenges. This study serves as the foundation to start the exploration of manipulating the DEFA1A3 locus and alpha-defensins 1-3 expression as a potential therapeutic target for UTIs and other infectious diseases.
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The Role of NLRP3 Inflammasome in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy and Its Therapeutic Implications. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:3790721. [PMID: 36111168 PMCID: PMC9470324 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3790721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a serious complication of diabetes mellitus (DM). However, the precise molecular mechanisms remain largely unclear, and it is still a challenging disease to diagnose and treat. The nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain and leucine-rich repeat pyrin 3 domain (NLRP3) inflammasome is a critical part of the innate immune system in the host to defend against endogenous danger and pathogenic microbial infections. Dysregulated NLRP3 inflammasome activation results in the overproduction of cytokines, primarily IL-1β and IL-18, and eventually, inflammatory cell death-pyroptosis. A series of studies have indicated that NLRP3 inflammasome activation participates in the development of DCM, and that corresponding interventions could mitigate disease progression. Accordingly, this narrative review is aimed at briefly summarizing the cell-specific role of the NLRP3 inflammasome in DCM and provides novel insights into developing DCM therapeutic strategies targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome.
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Human Neutrophil Defensins Disrupt Liver Interendothelial Junctions and Aggravate Sepsis. Mediators Inflamm 2022; 2022:7659282. [PMID: 35935811 PMCID: PMC9355784 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7659282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Human neutrophil peptides 1-3 (HNP1-3), also known as human α-defensins, are the most abundant neutrophil granule proteins. The genes that encode HNP1-3, DEFA1/DEFA3, exhibit extensive copy number variations, which correlate well with their protein levels. Human and mouse studies have shown that increased copy numbers of DEFA1/DEFA3 worsen sepsis outcomes. Additionally, high concentrations of HNP1-3 in body fluids have been reported in patients with sepsis. However, direct evidence for the pathogenic role of HNP1-3 proteins during sepsis progression is lacking. In current study, sepsis was induced by means of cecal puncture and ligation. Various doses of HNP-1 (low dose with 0.5 mg/kg body weight and high dose with 10 mg/kg body weight) or phosphate buffer saline were intraperitoneally administered to mice at six hours after sepsis onset. Survival rate was monitored, and vascular permeability, endothelial cell pyroptosis, and immunofluorescence of endothelial adherens junction protein vascular endothelial-cadherin were evaluated. The administration of a high dose of HNP-1 after sepsis onset led to increased mortality, more severe liver injury, and increased vascular permeability in the liver and mesentery. The injection of high dose of HNP-1 did not directly induce liver endothelial cell death but destroyed interendothelial junctions in the liver. Moreover, genetic deficiency of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein-3 or caspase-1 abrogated the high mortality and disrupted liver interendothelial junctions caused by high dose of HNP-1 during sepsis. This study directly demonstrates that neutrophil defensins play a key role in regulating endothelial stability during sepsis development.
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Wen R, Liu YP, Tong XX, Zhang TN, Yang N. Molecular mechanisms and functions of pyroptosis in sepsis and sepsis-associated organ dysfunction. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:962139. [PMID: 35967871 PMCID: PMC9372372 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.962139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis, a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection, is a leading cause of death in intensive care units. The development of sepsis-associated organ dysfunction (SAOD) poses a threat to the survival of patients with sepsis. Unfortunately, the pathogenesis of sepsis and SAOD is complicated, multifactorial, and has not been completely clarified. Recently, numerous studies have demonstrated that pyroptosis, which is characterized by inflammasome and caspase activation and cell membrane pore formation, is involved in sepsis. Unlike apoptosis, pyroptosis is a pro-inflammatory form of programmed cell death that participates in the regulation of immunity and inflammation. Related studies have shown that in sepsis, moderate pyroptosis promotes the clearance of pathogens, whereas the excessive activation of pyroptosis leads to host immune response disorders and SAOD. Additionally, transcription factors, non-coding RNAs, epigenetic modifications and post-translational modifications can directly or indirectly regulate pyroptosis-related molecules. Pyroptosis also interacts with autophagy, apoptosis, NETosis, and necroptosis. This review summarizes the roles and regulatory mechanisms of pyroptosis in sepsis and SAOD. As our understanding of the functions of pyroptosis improves, the development of new diagnostic biomarkers and targeted therapies associated with pyroptosis to improve clinical outcomes appears promising in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ni Yang
- *Correspondence: Tie-Ning Zhang, ; Ni Yang,
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Yin Y, Tang L, Liu K, Ding X, Wang D, Chen L. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells may attenuate lipopolysaccharide-induced liver injury via inhibiting the NLRP3 inflammasome and hepatocyte pyroptosis. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 17:361-369. [PMID: 35392791 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x17666220407103441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The transplantation of bone marrow mesenchymal cells (BMSCs) has been shown to be an effective means of treating sepsis-related organ damage. Pytoptotic cell death, in turn, has recently been identified as a key driver of sepsis-related damage. At present, there are few studies on the effect of BMSC transplantation on pytoptotic cell death. OBJECTIVE We explored the ability of BMSCs to attenuate hepatic damage in a pyroptosis-related manner in a rat model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced liver injury. METHODS Following injury modeling and BMSC transplantation, we assessed the expression of the NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome and key downstream pyroptosis-related signaling molecules. RESULTS It was found that BMSC transplantation was sufficient to significantly improve rat survival after LPS injection. Significantly reduced expression of the pyroptosis-related proteins NLRP3, caspase-1, IL-1β, and IL-18 in rats that had undergone BMSC transplantation compared to control animals. Notably, this activity was superior to single-agent administration of the NLRP3 inhibitor MCC950. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that BMSC transplantation may alleviate LPS-induced hepatic damage by suppressing the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and the induction of pyroptotic cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyu Yin
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The Affiliated hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong,China
| | - Lu Tang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The Affiliated hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong,China
| | - Kui Liu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The Affiliated hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong,China
| | - Xuefeng Ding
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The Affiliated hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong,China
| | - Daqing Wang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The Affiliated hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong,China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The Affiliated hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong,China
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Hernandez-Beeftink T, Marcelino-Rodríguez I, Guillen-Guio B, Rodríguez-Pérez H, Lorenzo-Salazar JM, Corrales A, Díaz-de Usera A, González-Montelongo R, Domínguez D, Espinosa E, Villar J, Flores C. Admixture Mapping of Sepsis in European Individuals With African Ancestries. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:754440. [PMID: 35345767 PMCID: PMC8957104 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.754440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a severe systemic inflammatory response to infections that is accompanied by organ dysfunction. Although the ancestral genetic background is a relevant factor for sepsis susceptibility, there is a lack of studies using the genetic singularities of a recently admixed population to identify loci involved in sepsis susceptibility. Here we aimed to discover new sepsis loci by completing the first admixture mapping study of sepsis in Canary Islanders, leveraging their distinctive genetic makeup as a mixture of Europeans and African ancestries. We used a case-control approach and inferred local ancestry blocks from genome-wide data from 113,414 polymorphisms genotyped in 343 patients with sepsis and 410 unrelated controls, all ascertained for grandparental origin in the Canary Islands (Spain). Deviations in local ancestries between cases and controls were tested using logistic regressions, followed by fine-mapping analyses based on imputed genotypes, in silico functional assessments, and gene expression analysis centered on the region of interest. The admixture mapping analysis detected that local European ancestry in a locus spanning 1.2 megabases of chromosome 8p23.1 was associated with sepsis (lowest p = 1.37 × 10−4; Odds Ratio [OR] = 0.51; 95%CI = 0.40–0.66). Fine-mapping studies prioritized the variant rs13249564 within intron 1 of MFHAS1 gene associated with sepsis (p = 9.94 × 10−4; OR = 0.65; 95%CI = 0.50–0.84). Functional and gene expression analyses focused on 8p23.1 allowed us to identify alternative genes with possible biological plausibility such as defensins, which are well-known effector molecules of innate immunity. By completing the first admixture mapping study of sepsis, our results revealed a new genetic locus (8p23.1) harboring a number of genes with plausible implications in sepsis susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Hernandez-Beeftink
- Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Universidad de La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.,Research Unit, Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Dr. Negrín, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Itahisa Marcelino-Rodríguez
- Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Universidad de La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Beatriz Guillen-Guio
- Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Universidad de La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Héctor Rodríguez-Pérez
- Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Universidad de La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Jose M Lorenzo-Salazar
- Genomics Division, Instituto Tecnológico y de Energías Renovables (ITER), Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Almudena Corrales
- Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Universidad de La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Díaz-de Usera
- Genomics Division, Instituto Tecnológico y de Energías Renovables (ITER), Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | | | - David Domínguez
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Elena Espinosa
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Jesús Villar
- Research Unit, Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Dr. Negrín, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Flores
- Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Universidad de La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.,Genomics Division, Instituto Tecnológico y de Energías Renovables (ITER), Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Deng H, Li J, Ali Shah A, Lin G, Chen H, Ouyang W. Commonly expressed key transcriptomic profiles of sepsis in the human circulation and brain via integrated analysis. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 104:108518. [PMID: 35032827 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis is the leading cause of death in intensive care units and is characterized by multiple organ failure, including dysfuction of the immune system and brain. This study aims to determine the differential effect of sepsis on specific circulating immune cell subsets compared with brain transcriptome and identify the genes co-expressed by them, so as to identify key genes and regulatory factors involved in the pathogenesis of sepsis induced brain injury and identify novel therapeutic targets. METHODS The GSE133822 and GSE135838 datasets were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and utilized for bioinformatics analyses. Functional enrichment analysis was used to identify commonly expressed genes that were differentially expressed between sepsis patients and non-sepsis patients with critical illness; protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks were also generated. Then, key transcriptomic biomarkers were further validated in an external dataset from the GEO. We also investigated the expression of key mRNAs in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from sepsis patients by quantitative PCR (qPCR) and an in-vitro model stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was generated in brain cell lines. RESULTS The transcriptomic profiles of brain tissue were relatively similar as those of specific immune cells. In addition, our validation showed that these key genes were up regulated both in PBMCs in sepsis patients and LPS-treated brain cells. CONCLUSION Brain injury in sepsis was correlated with circulating immune responses, and the expression of DEFA3, MMP8, MMP9 and LCN2 might be potential diagnostic biomarkers as well as therapeutic target in septic brain dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyin Deng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410013, PR China
| | - Jiuyi Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, Chenzhou, Hunan Province 410013, PR China
| | - Abid Ali Shah
- Center for Medical Genetics and Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410013, PR China
| | - Guoxin Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410013, PR China
| | - Huan Chen
- Postdoctoral Research Station of Clinical Medicine & Department of Hematology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410013, PR China; Sepsis Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410078, PR China.
| | - Wen Ouyang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410013, PR China.
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VX765, a Specific Caspase-1 Inhibitor, Alleviates Lung Ischemia Reperfusion Injury by Suppressing Endothelial Pyroptosis and Barrier Dysfunction. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2021:4525988. [PMID: 34977239 PMCID: PMC8716216 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4525988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Lung ischemia reperfusion injury (LIRI) is a complex pathophysiological process with high morbidity and mortality. An important pathophysiological characteristic of LIRI is endothelial barrier dysfunction, although the mechanism involved in this process remains unclear. VX765, a specific caspase-1 inhibitor, has been shown to have a protective effect against several diseases including sepsis, atherosclerosis, and glial inflammatory disease. The objective of this study was to determine whether VX765 had a protective effect in LIRI. The results showed that lung ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) and oxygen/glucose deprivation and reoxygenation (OGD/R) induced endothelial pyroptosis and barrier dysfunction characterized by an inflammatory response. Treatment with VX765 successfully alleviated I/R- and OGD/R-induced endothelial pyroptosis and barrier dysfunction by inhibiting caspase-1 in vivo and in vitro. In conclusion, these findings showed that VX765 provided effective protection against lung I/R-induced endothelial pyroptosis and barrier dysfunction.
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Luo G, Zhang J, Sun Y, Wang Y, Wang H, Cheng B, Shu Q, Fang X. Nanoplatforms for Sepsis Management: Rapid Detection/Warning, Pathogen Elimination and Restoring Immune Homeostasis. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2021; 13:88. [PMID: 33717630 PMCID: PMC7938387 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-021-00598-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis, a highly life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by uncontrollable immune responses to infection, is a leading contributor to mortality in intensive care units. Sepsis-related deaths have been reported to account for 19.7% of all global deaths. However, no effective and specific therapeutic for clinical sepsis management is available due to the complex pathogenesis. Concurrently eliminating infections and restoring immune homeostasis are regarded as the core strategies to manage sepsis. Sophisticated nanoplatforms guided by supramolecular and medicinal chemistry, targeting infection and/or imbalanced immune responses, have emerged as potent tools to combat sepsis by supporting more accurate diagnosis and precision treatment. Nanoplatforms can overcome the barriers faced by clinical strategies, including delayed diagnosis, drug resistance and incapacity to manage immune disorders. Here, we present a comprehensive review highlighting the pathogenetic characteristics of sepsis and future therapeutic concepts, summarizing the progress of these well-designed nanoplatforms in sepsis management and discussing the ongoing challenges and perspectives regarding future potential therapies. Based on these state-of-the-art studies, this review will advance multidisciplinary collaboration and drive clinical translation to remedy sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gan Luo
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jue Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yaqi Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003 People’s Republic of China
| | - Ya Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003 People’s Republic of China
| | - Hanbin Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003 People’s Republic of China
| | - Baoli Cheng
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003 People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiang Shu
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310052 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiangming Fang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003 People’s Republic of China
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Oliveira NF, Silva CLM. Unveiling the Potential of Purinergic Signaling in Schistosomiasis Treatment. Curr Top Med Chem 2021; 21:193-204. [PMID: 32972342 DOI: 10.2174/1568026620666200924115113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease. It is related to long-lasting granulomatous fibrosis and inflammation of target organs, and current sub-optimal pharmacological treatment creates global public health concerns. Intravascular worms and eggs release antigens and extracellular vesicles that target host endothelial cells, modulate the immune system, and stimulate the release of damageassociated molecular patterns (DAMPs). ATP, one of the most studied DAMPs, triggers a cascade of autocrine and paracrine actions through purinergic P2X and P2Y receptors, which are shaped by ectonucleotidases (CD39). Both P2 receptor families, and in particular P2Y1, P2Y2, P2Y12, and P2X7 receptors, have been attracting increasing interest in several inflammatory diseases and drug development. Current data obtained from the murine model unveiled a CD39-ADP-P2Y1/P2Y12 receptors signaling pathway linked to the liver and mesenteric exacerbations of schistosomal inflammation. Therefore, we proposed that members of this purinergic signaling could be putative pharmacological targets to reduce schistosomal morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathália Ferreira Oliveira
- Laboratory of Molecular and Biochemical Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Claudia Lucia Martins Silva
- Laboratory of Molecular and Biochemical Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Zhao J, Liu Z, Chang Z. Lipopolysaccharide induces vascular endothelial cell pyroptosis via the SP1/RCN2/ROS signaling pathway. Eur J Cell Biol 2021; 100:151164. [PMID: 34004559 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2021.151164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cell pyroptosis is a novel cause of endothelial dysfunction in sepsis. Reticulocalbin-2 (RCN2) is involved in regulating vascular inflammation and plays an important role in the cardiovascular system. However, the role of RCN2 in inflammation-induced endothelial cell pyroptosis remains to be explored. Here, we found that RCN2 was upregulated after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. RCN2 knockdown resulted in a significant decrease in pyroptosis, reduced LDH and IL-1β release and ROS production and inhibited the expression of pyroptosis-related proteins (NLRP3, cleaved caspase-1, and cleaved GSDMD) (all p < 0.05). N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) counteracted the effects of RCN2 on pyroptosis (all p < 0.01). The silencing of RCN2 antagonized the inhibitory effect of LPS on the phosphorylation of eNOS (p < 0.05). We predicted and confirmed that specificity protein-1(SP1) could directly bind to the RCN2 promoter and regulate RCN2. RCN2 overexpression rescued the inhibitory effect of SP1 inhibitor on HUVEC pyroptosis induced by LPS (all p < 0.05). These findings suggested that the activation of the SP1/RCN2/ROS signaling pathway could promote LPS-induced endothelial cell pyroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
| | - Zhaoyu Liu
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
| | - Zhihui Chang
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
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Lu D, Hu M, Zhang B, Lin Y, Zhu Q, Men X, Lu Z, Cai W. Temporal and Spatial Dynamics of Inflammasome Activation After Ischemic Stroke. Front Neurol 2021; 12:621555. [PMID: 33967935 PMCID: PMC8104123 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.621555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The inflammasome represents a highly pro-inflammatory mechanism. It has been identified that inflammasome was activated after ischemic stroke. However, the impact of inflammasomes on stroke outcomes remains contradictory. The participating molecules and the functioning arena of post-stroke inflammasome activation are still elusive. Methods: In the present study, blood samples from stroke patients were collected and analyzed with flow cytometry to evaluate the correlation of inflammasome activation and stroke outcomes. A stroke model was established using male C57/Bl6 mice with transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO, 1 h). The dynamics of inflammasome components, cell type, and location of inflammasome activation and the therapeutic effects of inhibiting post-stroke inflammasome executors were evaluated. Results: We found that a high level of inflammasome activation might indicate detrimental stroke outcomes in patients and mice models. Post-stroke inflammasome activation, especially NLRP3, cleaved Caspase-1, cleaved Caspase-11, IL-1β, IL-18, and GSDMD, peaked at 3–5 days and declined at 7 days with the participation of multiple components in mice. Macrophage that infiltrated into the ischemic lesion was the main arena for post-stroke inflammasome activation among myeloid cells according to the data of mice. Among all the members of the Caspase family, Caspase-1 and −11 served as the main executing enzymes. Inhibiting Caspase-1/−11 signaling efficiently suppressed DAMPs-induced macrophage inflammasome activation and displayed neuroprotection to stroke models including infarct size (Control: 48.05 ± 14.98; Cas1.i: 19.34 ± 12.21; Cas11.i: 21.43 ± 14.67, P < 0.001) and neurological deficit score (0 d-Control: 2.20 ± 0.63; 0 d-Cas1.i: 2.20 ± 0.63; 0 d-Cas11.i: 2.20 ± 0.63; 1 d-Control: 2.50 ± 0.53; 1 d-Cas1.i: 1.50 ± 0.71; 1 d-Cas11.i: 2.00 ± 0.67; 2 d-Control: 2.30 ± 0.48; 2 d-Cas1.i: 1.30 ± 0.48; 2 d-Cas11.i: 1.50 ± 0.53; 3 d-Control: 2.00 ± 0.67; 3 d-Cas1.i: 1.20 ± 0.42; 3 d-Cas11.i: 1.30 ± 0.48, P < 0.001). Conclusions: Taken together, inflammasome activation played a detrimental role in stroke pathology. Targeting post-stroke inflammasome executing enzymes fitting in the dynamics of macrophages might obtain potential and efficient therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danli Lu
- Department of Neurology, Mental and Neurological Disease Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengyan Hu
- Department of Neurology, Mental and Neurological Disease Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bingjun Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Mental and Neurological Disease Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yinyao Lin
- Department of Neurology, Mental and Neurological Disease Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiang Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Mental and Neurological Disease Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuejiao Men
- Department of Neurology, Mental and Neurological Disease Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhengqi Lu
- Department of Neurology, Mental and Neurological Disease Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Cai
- Department of Neurology, Mental and Neurological Disease Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Center of Clinical Immunology, Mental and Neurological Disease Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Yang S, Yang Y, Wang F, Luo Q, Zhang Y, Zheng F, Shu Q, Chen Q, Fang X. TREM2 Dictates Antibacterial Defense and Viability of Bone Marrow-derived Macrophages during Bacterial Infection. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2021; 65:176-188. [PMID: 33848212 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2020-0521oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages undergo profound metabolic reprogramming to join key immunoregulatory functions, which can be initiated by pattern recognition receptors. TREM2 (triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2), a macrophage phagocytic receptor, plays pivotal roles in sepsis by enhancing bacterial clearance, which is associated with regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. However, how intracellular ROS participate in TREM2-mediated bactericidal activity remains unclear. This study was designed to investigate the organelle source and biological activity of ROS in the context of TREM2-mediated immune defense during Escherichia coli infection. Bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) were transfected with TREM2-overexpressing adenoviruses or control viruses and challenged with E. coli. The BMDMs were administered to mouse models with local E. coli infection. In addition, monocytic TREM2 expression, NOX2 concentrations, and pyroptosis were detected in patients with bacterial sepsis. General ROS production was found to be comparable between TREM2-overexpressing and control BMDMs upon E. coli challenge. The deficiency of Nox2 led to impaired phagosome degradation and lack of bactericidal ability and abolished TREM2-mediated protective activity against pulmonary E. coli infection. Overexpression of TREM2 suppressed mitochondrial ROS generation, inhibited NLRP3/caspase-1 inflammasome activation, and finally protected BMDMs from gasdermin D-mediated pyroptosis during pulmonary E. coli infection. The protective role of TREM2 was further confirmed in mice with abdominal E. coli infection. Moreover, monocytic TREM2 expression was positively correlated with NOX2 concentrations and negatively correlated with pyroptosis and disease severity in patients with bacterial sepsis. Collectively, TREM2 controls macrophage immune functions by fine-tuning ROS generation and enhances the host defense against bacterial infection. Our data suggest that TREM2 is a promising candidate target for sepsis therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- ShiYue Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; and
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; and
| | - FeiFei Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; and
| | - QinYu Luo
- Department of Clinical Research Center, The Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Clinical Research Center, The Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fei Zheng
- Department of Clinical Research Center, The Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiang Shu
- Department of Clinical Research Center, The Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - QiXing Chen
- Department of Clinical Research Center, The Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - XiangMing Fang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; and
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Kanmura S, Morinaga Y, Tanaka A, Komaki Y, Iwaya H, Kumagai K, Mawatari S, Sasaki F, Tanoue S, Hashimoto S, Sameshima Y, Ono Y, Ohi H, Ido A. Increased Gene Copy Number of DEFA1A3 Is Associated With the Severity of Ulcerative Colitis. Clin Transl Gastroenterol 2021; 12:e00331. [PMID: 33825720 PMCID: PMC8032364 DOI: 10.14309/ctg.0000000000000331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION DEFA1A3 encodes human neutrophil peptides (HNPs) 1-3 and has multiple copy number variations (CNVs). HNPs are associated with innate immunity. Ulcerative colitis (UC), a chronic inflammatory gastrointestinal disorder, is a life-threatening condition, and predictive markers of UC severity are needed. This study investigated the relationship between DEFA1A3 CNV and UC severity. METHODS This study enrolled 165 patients with UC. The relationship between DEFA1A3 CNV and disease severity was analyzed based on Mayo score, patient characteristics, and treatment methods. In addition, serum and stimulated neutrophil-derived HNP concentrations were also measured in patients with high and low DEFA1A3 CNV. RESULTS DEFA1A3 CNV was significantly correlated with Mayo score and white blood cell count (R = 0.46, P < 0.0001; R = 0.29, P = 0.003, respectively), and only high copy numbers of DEFA1A3 were independent factors for severe UC (P < 0.001, odds ratio: 1.88, 95% confidence interval, 1.34-2.61). The number of severe UC patients with high DEFA1A3 CNV was significantly greater than those with low CNV. We confirmed the associations between DEFA1A3 and UC severity using a validation cohort. In addition, the HNP concentration in high-copy number patients was significantly higher after neutrophil stimulation than that in low-copy number patients. DISCUSSION This study demonstrated that there is a correlation between DEFA1A3 copy number and severity in patients with UC. In addition, neutrophils from UC patients with higher DEFA1A3 CNV had high reactivity of secretion of HNPs after stimulation. DEFA1A3 CNV may be a novel severity marker and a potential therapeutic target for UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuji Kanmura
- Digestive and Lifestyle Diseases, Department of Human and Environmental Sciences, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Yuko Morinaga
- Digestive and Lifestyle Diseases, Department of Human and Environmental Sciences, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Akihito Tanaka
- Digestive and Lifestyle Diseases, Department of Human and Environmental Sciences, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Yuga Komaki
- Digestive and Lifestyle Diseases, Department of Human and Environmental Sciences, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Hiromichi Iwaya
- Digestive and Lifestyle Diseases, Department of Human and Environmental Sciences, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Kotaro Kumagai
- Digestive and Lifestyle Diseases, Department of Human and Environmental Sciences, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Seiichi Mawatari
- Digestive and Lifestyle Diseases, Department of Human and Environmental Sciences, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Fumisato Sasaki
- Digestive and Lifestyle Diseases, Department of Human and Environmental Sciences, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Shiroh Tanoue
- Digestive and Lifestyle Diseases, Department of Human and Environmental Sciences, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Shinichi Hashimoto
- Digestive and Lifestyle Diseases, Department of Human and Environmental Sciences, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Yoichi Sameshima
- Department of Gastroenterology, Imamura General Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Yohei Ono
- Department of Gastroenterology, Idzuro Imamura Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Hidehisa Ohi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Idzuro Imamura Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Akio Ido
- Digestive and Lifestyle Diseases, Department of Human and Environmental Sciences, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
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Qi L, Yan Y, Chen B, Cao J, Liang G, Xu P, Wang Y, Ren Y, Mao G, Huang Z, Xu C, Jiang H. Research progress of circRNA as a biomarker of sepsis: a narrative review. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:720. [PMID: 33987418 PMCID: PMC8106021 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-1247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Objective Explore the possibility of circRNAs as markers of sepsis. Background Sepsis is an abnormal immune response of our body to infection that can lead to organ failure and death. Although the research on sepsis has been extensive in the past few years, sepsis-associated morbidity and mortality are still increasing. Early diagnosis and early treatment are important for patients with sepsis. Although many markers, including procalcitonin and C-reactive protein, have been proposed as diagnostic indicators of sepsis, there are still challenges in the early diagnosis and treatment of sepsis due to the lack of sensitivity and specificity of these substances. Recently, a large number of studies have found that circular RNAs (circRNAs) participate in a variety of biological functions, such as immune response, regulating the expression of miRNAs, and they are closely related to the occurrence and development of many diseases, including sepsis. However, the clear mechanism of the role of circRNAs has not been fully elucidated. An increasing number of studies have confirmed that circRNAs have potential in the diagnosis and treatment of sepsis. By studying the regulatory mechanism of circRNAs in sepsis, we can search for new molecular intervention targets for the treatment of sepsis, which is conducive to the development of new molecular therapeutic drugs for sepsis. Methods In the present study, we summarize and analyze the role of circRNAs in the pathogenesis of sepsis and discuss the possibility of circRNA as a biomarker for the diagnosis of sepsis. Conclusions The biological characteristics of circRNAs and their role in the occurrence and development of sepsis make them possible markers of sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Qi
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China.,Rugao Branch Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yan Yan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Bairong Chen
- Department of Medical Laboratory, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jiling Cao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Guiwen Liang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Pan Xu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yuting Ren
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Guomin Mao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Zhongwei Huang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Cheng Xu
- Department of Medical Imaging, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Haiyan Jiang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
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Bai B, Yang Y, Wang Q, Li M, Tian C, Liu Y, Aung LHH, Li PF, Yu T, Chu XM. NLRP3 inflammasome in endothelial dysfunction. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:776. [PMID: 32948742 PMCID: PMC7501262 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-02985-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 251] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Inflammasomes are a class of cytosolic protein complexes. They act as cytosolic innate immune signal receptors to sense pathogens and initiate inflammatory responses under physiological and pathological conditions. The NLR-family pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is the most characteristic multimeric protein complex. Its activation triggers the cleavage of pro-interleukin (IL)-1β and pro-IL-18, which are mediated by caspase-1, and secretes mature forms of these mediators from cells to promote the further inflammatory process and oxidative stress. Simultaneously, cells undergo pro-inflammatory programmed cell death, termed pyroptosis. The danger signals for activating NLRP3 inflammasome are very extensive, especially reactive oxygen species (ROS), which act as an intermediate trigger to activate NLRP3 inflammasome, exacerbating subsequent inflammatory cascades and cell damage. Vascular endothelium at the site of inflammation is actively involved in the regulation of inflammation progression with important implications for cardiovascular homeostasis as a dynamically adaptable interface. Endothelial dysfunction is a hallmark and predictor for cardiovascular ailments or adverse cardiovascular events, such as coronary artery disease, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia. The loss of proper endothelial function may lead to tissue swelling, chronic inflammation, and the formation of thrombi. As such, elimination of endothelial cell inflammation or activation is of clinical relevance. In this review, we provided a comprehensive perspective on the pivotal role of NLRP3 inflammasome activation in aggravating oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction and the possible underlying mechanisms. Furthermore, we highlighted the contribution of noncoding RNAs to NLRP3 inflammasome activation-associated endothelial dysfunction, and outlined potential clinical drugs targeting NLRP3 inflammasome involved in endothelial dysfunction. Collectively, this summary provides recent developments and perspectives on how NLRP3 inflammasome interferes with endothelial dysfunction and the potential research value of NLRP3 inflammasome as a potential mediator of endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baochen Bai
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, China
| | - Yanyan Yang
- Department of lmmunology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, China
| | - Min Li
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, China
| | - Chao Tian
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, China
| | - Lynn Htet Htet Aung
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, China
| | - Pei-Feng Li
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, China
| | - Tao Yu
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, China.
- Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, The Affiliated hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, China.
| | - Xian-Ming Chu
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, China.
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Cardiovascular Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266032, China.
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Peng F, Chang W, Sun Q, Xu X, Xie J, Qiu H, Yang Y. HGF alleviates septic endothelial injury by inhibiting pyroptosis via the mTOR signalling pathway. Respir Res 2020; 21:215. [PMID: 32795289 PMCID: PMC7427898 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-020-01480-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Endothelial injury is one of the predominant pathophysiological characteristics of sepsis and is the major cause of sepsis-induced multiple organ failure. Endothelial pyroptosis is a fatal mechanism of endothelial injury in sepsis, and specific, effective therapies are lacking. Although hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) has been shown to have anti-apoptotic and anti-necrotic effects, whether it prevents pyroptosis to improve endothelial injury in sepsis remains unclear. Methods Recombinant HGF was intravenously injected into mice with sepsis caused by caecal ligation puncture (CLP). Histopathological examination and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to measure lung vascular endothelial injury. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was transfected into EA.hy926 cells to induce endothelial pyroptosis, and the cells were treated with HGF in the presence of inhibitors of c-Met and mTOR, namely, PHA-665752 and rapamycin, respectively. The mTOR signalling pathway and mitochondrial physiology were assessed using Western blot and flow cytometry. Results Intravenous HGF effectively alleviated pulmonary vascular endothelial injury and acute lung injury in the septic mice. The TEM results of lung tissue revealed that HGF attenuated pulmonary vascular endothelial pyroptosis, which was confirmed in vitro. Transfected LPS induced the pyroptosis of EA.hy926 cells and damaged their paracellular permeability, and these effects were ameliorated by treating the cells with recombinant HGF. The protective effect of HGF against pyroptosis was dependent on c-Met/mTOR signalling. mTOR activation effectively protected mitochondrial physiology and decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in EA.hy926 cells in vitro. Conclusions These results demonstrated that HGF protected mitochondrial physiology by activating mTOR signalling to partially ameliorate endothelial pyroptosis and attenuate vascular endothelial injury and acute lung injury in sepsis animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Peng
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao Rd, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Chang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao Rd, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Qin Sun
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao Rd, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyi Xu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao Rd, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianfeng Xie
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao Rd, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Haibo Qiu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao Rd, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Yang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao Rd, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China.
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Xu S, Pan X, Mao L, Pan H, Xu W, Hu Y, Yu X, Chen Z, Qian S, Ye Y, Huang Y, Pan J. Phospho-Tyr705 of STAT3 is a therapeutic target for sepsis through regulating inflammation and coagulation. Cell Commun Signal 2020; 18:104. [PMID: 32641132 PMCID: PMC7341624 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-020-00603-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis is an infection-induced aggressive and life-threatening organ dysfunction with high morbidity and mortality worldwide. Infection-associated inflammation and coagulation promote the progression of adverse outcomes in sepsis. Here, we report that phospho-Tyr705 of STAT3 (pY-STAT3), not total STAT3, contributes to systemic inflammation and coagulopathy in sepsis. METHODS Cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced septic mice were treated with BP-1-102, Napabucasin, or vehicle control respectively and then assessed for systemic inflammation, coagulation response, lung function and survival. Human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (HPMECs) and Raw264.7 cells were exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) with pharmacological or genetic inhibition of pY-STAT3. Cells were assessed for inflammatory and coagulant factor expression, cell function and signaling. RESULTS Pharmacological inhibition of pY-STAT3 expression by BP-1-102 reduced the proinflammatory factors, suppressed coagulation activation, attenuated lung injury, alleviated vascular leakage and improved the survival rate in septic mice. Pharmacological or genetic inhibition of pY-STAT3 diminished LPS-induced cytokine production in macrophages and protected pulmonary endothelial cells via the IL-6/JAK2/STAT3, NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways. Moreover, the increase in procoagulant indicators induced by sepsis such as tissue factor (TF), the thrombin-antithrombin complex (TAT) and D-Dimer were down-regulated by pY-STAT3 inhibition. CONCLUSIONS Our results revealed a therapeutic role of pY-STAT3 in modulating the inflammatory response and defective coagulation during sepsis. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunyao Xu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Nanbaixiang road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000 P.R. China
| | - Xiaojun Pan
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Nanbaixiang road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000 P.R. China
| | - Lingjie Mao
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Nanbaixiang road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000 P.R. China
| | - Hao Pan
- Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang P.R. China
| | - Wenwei Xu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Nanbaixiang road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000 P.R. China
| | - Yufeng Hu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Nanbaixiang road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000 P.R. China
| | - Xueshu Yu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Nanbaixiang road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000 P.R. China
| | - Zhiqiang Chen
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Nanbaixiang road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000 P.R. China
| | - Songzan Qian
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Nanbaixiang road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000 P.R. China
| | - Yincai Ye
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang P.R. China
| | - Yueyue Huang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Nanbaixiang road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000 P.R. China
| | - Jingye Pan
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Nanbaixiang road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000 P.R. China
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Beltrán-García J, Osca-Verdegal R, Nacher-Sendra E, Pallardó FV, García-Giménez JL. Circular RNAs in Sepsis: Biogenesis, Function, and Clinical Significance. Cells 2020; 9:cells9061544. [PMID: 32630422 PMCID: PMC7349763 DOI: 10.3390/cells9061544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a life-threatening condition that occurs when the body responds to an infection that damages it is own tissues. The major problem in sepsis is rapid, vital status deterioration in patients, which can progress to septic shock with multiple organ failure if not properly treated. As there are no specific treatments, early diagnosis is mandatory to reduce high mortality. Despite more than 170 different biomarkers being postulated, early sepsis diagnosis and prognosis remain a challenge for clinicians. Recent findings propose that circular RNAs (circRNAs) may play a prominent role in regulating the patients’ immune system against different pathogens, including bacteria and viruses. Mounting evidence also suggests that the misregulation of circRNAs is an early event in a wide range of diseases, including sepsis. Despite circRNA levels being altered in sepsis, the specific mechanisms controlling the dysregulation of these noncoding RNAs are not completely elucidated, although many factors are known to affect circRNA biogenesis. Therefore, there is a need to explore the molecular pathways that lead to this disorder. This review describes the role of this new class of regulatory RNAs in sepsis and the feasibility of using circRNAs as diagnostic biomarkers for sepsis, opening up new avenues for circRNA-based medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Beltrán-García
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.B.-G.); (F.V.P.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria INCLIVA, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina y Odontología, Universitat de València, 46010 València, Spain;
| | - Rebeca Osca-Verdegal
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria INCLIVA, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina y Odontología, Universitat de València, 46010 València, Spain;
| | - Elena Nacher-Sendra
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina y Odontología, Universitat de València, 46010 València, Spain;
| | - Federico V. Pallardó
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.B.-G.); (F.V.P.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria INCLIVA, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina y Odontología, Universitat de València, 46010 València, Spain;
| | - José Luis García-Giménez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.B.-G.); (F.V.P.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria INCLIVA, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina y Odontología, Universitat de València, 46010 València, Spain;
- Correspondence:
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Runaway multi-allelic copy number variation at the α-defensin locus in African and Asian populations. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9101. [PMID: 32499510 PMCID: PMC7272440 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65675-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Alpha defensins are anti-microbial peptides of the innate immune system. The defensin A1 and A3 genes are located in a repeat array of variable copy number (the DEFA1A3 locus) and encode the human neutrophil peptides 1, 2 and 3. The possibility that copy number variation (CNV) may be associated with infection susceptibility and autoimmune pathology motivated the study of DEFA1A3 CNV across populations. We enhanced two existing methods (one qPCR-based and one sequencing-based) to enable copy number estimation that discriminates between DEFA1 and DEFA3 genes. We used these methods to quantify A1/A3 copy number variation in 2504 samples from the 1000 Genomes high-coverage dataset as well as performing FiberFISH assays on selected samples to visualize the haplotypes. These methods produce accurate estimates and show that there are substantial differences between populations. The African population is a clear outlier with a high frequency of the ancestral pure DEFA1 haplotype, but also harbours exceptionally long haplotypes of 24 copies of both DEFA1 and DEFA3, whilst the East Asian population displays the highest mean level of DEFA3 copy number. Further, our findings demonstrate that qPCR can be an accurate method for CNV estimation and that defensins substantially extend the known range of copy number variation for a human protein-coding gene.
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Gao Y, Dai X, Li Y, Li G, Lin X, Ai C, Cao Y, Li T, Lin B. Role of Parkin-mediated mitophagy in the protective effect of polydatin in sepsis-induced acute kidney injury. J Transl Med 2020; 18:114. [PMID: 32131850 PMCID: PMC7055075 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02283-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have reported that polydatin (PD) alleviates mitochondrial dysfunction in rat models of sepsis-induced acute kidney injury (SI-AKI), but the mechanism is not well understood. Here, we investigated the role of Parkin-mediated mitophagy in the protective effects of PD in SI-AKI in mice. METHODS Sepsis was induced in the mice by caecal ligation and puncture. Mitophagy was determined by mitochondrial mass. NLRP3 inflammasome activation was determined by NLRP3, ASC and caspase-1. Mitophagy was blocked by treatment with mitochondrial division inhibitor-1 and Parkin knockout. KEY RESULTS PD treatment increased the sepsis-induced loss of mitochondrial mass, indicating the upregulation of mitophagy. Furthermore, PD treatment mediated Parkin translocation from the cytoplasm to the mitochondria. This suggests that Parkin-mediated mitophagy is an underlying mechanism. This was confirmed by the suppression of PD-induced mitophagy in Parkin-/- mice and in mice that were treated with a mitophagy inhibitor. PD-induced Parkin translocation and mitophagy were blocked by inhibiting SIRT1; thus, activation of SIRT1 might be an important molecular mechanism that is triggered by PD. Additionally, PD treatment protected against sepsis-induced kidney injury. These effects were blocked by inhibition of Parkin-dependent mitophagy. Furthermore, PD also protected against mitochondrial dysfunction and mitochondria-dependent apoptosis, and the effect was blocked when Parkin-dependent mitophagy was inhibited. Finally, PD suppressed NLRP3 inflammasome activation that was also dependent on Parkin-mediated mitophagy. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that Parkin-mediated mitophagy is important for the protective effect of PD in SI-AKI, and the underlying mechanisms include the inhibition of mitochondrial dysfunction and NLRP3 inflammasome activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youguang Gao
- Department of Anaesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 20 Chazhong Road, Fuzhou, 350005, Fujian, China
| | - Xingui Dai
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou/Affiliated Chenzhou Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 102 Luojiajing, Chenzhou, 423000, China
| | - Yunfeng Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou/Affiliated Chenzhou Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 102 Luojiajing, Chenzhou, 423000, China
| | - Guicheng Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou/Affiliated Chenzhou Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 102 Luojiajing, Chenzhou, 423000, China
| | - Xianzhong Lin
- Department of Anaesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 20 Chazhong Road, Fuzhou, 350005, Fujian, China
| | - Chenmu Ai
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou/Affiliated Chenzhou Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 102 Luojiajing, Chenzhou, 423000, China
| | - Yuanyuan Cao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou/Affiliated Chenzhou Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 102 Luojiajing, Chenzhou, 423000, China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou/Affiliated Chenzhou Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 102 Luojiajing, Chenzhou, 423000, China.
| | - Bo Lin
- Department of Anaesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 20 Chazhong Road, Fuzhou, 350005, Fujian, China.
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Prasad SV, Fiedoruk K, Daniluk T, Piktel E, Bucki R. Expression and Function of Host Defense Peptides at Inflammation Sites. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 21:ijms21010104. [PMID: 31877866 PMCID: PMC6982121 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a growing interest in the complex role of host defense peptides (HDPs) in the pathophysiology of several immune-mediated inflammatory diseases. The physicochemical properties and selective interaction of HDPs with various receptors define their immunomodulatory effects. However, it is quite challenging to understand their function because some HDPs play opposing pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory roles, depending on their expression level within the site of inflammation. While it is known that HDPs maintain constitutive host protection against invading microorganisms, the inducible nature of HDPs in various cells and tissues is an important aspect of the molecular events of inflammation. This review outlines the biological functions and emerging roles of HDPs in different inflammatory conditions. We further discuss the current data on the clinical relevance of impaired HDPs expression in inflammation and selected diseases.
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Seyfi R, Kahaki FA, Ebrahimi T, Montazersaheb S, Eyvazi S, Babaeipour V, Tarhriz V. Antimicrobial Peptides (AMPs): Roles, Functions and Mechanism of Action. Int J Pept Res Ther 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-019-09946-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Di Virgilio F, Jiang LH, Roger S, Falzoni S, Sarti AC, Vultaggio-Poma V, Chiozzi P, Adinolfi E. Structure, function and techniques of investigation of the P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) in mammalian cells. Methods Enzymol 2019; 629:115-150. [PMID: 31727237 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2019.07.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The P2X7 receptor [P2X7R or P2RX7 in National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) gene nomenclature] is a member of the P2X receptor (P2XR) subfamily of P2 receptors (P2Rs). The P2X7R is an extracellular ATP-gated ion channel with peculiar permeability properties expressed by most cell types, mainly in the immune system, where it has a leading role in cytokine release, oxygen radical generation, T lymphocyte differentiation and proliferation. A role in cancer cell growth and tumor progression has also been demonstrated. These features make the P2X7R an appealing target for drug development in inflammation and cancer. The functional P2X7R, recently (partially) crystallized and 3-D solved, is formed by the assembly of three identical subunits (homotrimer). The P2X7R is preferentially permeable to small cations (Ca2+, Na+, K+), and in most (but not all) cell types also to large positively charged molecules of molecular mass up to 900Da. Permeability to negatively charged species of comparable molecular mass (e.g., Lucifer yellow) is debated. Several highly selective P2X7R pharmacological blockers have been developed over the years, thus providing powerful tools for P2X7R studies. Biophysical properties and coupling to several different physiological responses make the P2X7R amenable to investigation by electrophysiology and cell biology techniques, which allow its identification and characterization in many different cell types and tissues. A careful description of the physiological features of the P2X7R is a prerequisite for an effective therapeutic development. Here we describe the most common techniques to asses P2X7R functions, including patch-clamp, intracellular calcium measurements, and membrane permeabilization to large fluorescent dyes in a selection of different cell types. In addition, we also describe common toxicity assays used to verify the effects of P2X7R stimulation on cell viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Di Virgilio
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Lin-Hua Jiang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Sébastien Roger
- EA4245 Transplantation, Immunology and Inflammation, University of Tours, Tours, France
| | - Simonetta Falzoni
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alba Clara Sarti
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Valentina Vultaggio-Poma
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Paola Chiozzi
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Elena Adinolfi
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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Caspase-1 inhibitor exerts brain-protective effects against sepsis-associated encephalopathy and cognitive impairments in a mouse model of sepsis. Brain Behav Immun 2019; 80:859-870. [PMID: 31145977 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2019.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) manifested clinically in acute and long-term cognitive impairments and associated with increased morbidity and mortality worldwide. The potential pathological changes of SAE are complex and remain to be elucidated. Pyroptosis, a novel programmed cell death, is executed by caspase-1-cleaved GSDMD N-terminal (GSDMD-NT) and we investigated it in peripheral blood immunocytes of septic patients previously. Here, a caspase-1 inhibitor VX765 was treated with CLP-induced septic mice. Novel object recognition test indicated that VX765 treatment reversed cognitive dysfunction in septic mice. Elevated plus maze, tail suspension test and open field test revealed that depressive-like behaviors of septic mice were relieved. Inhibited caspase-1 suppressed the expressions of GSDMD and its cleavage form GSDMD-NT, and reduced pyroptosis in brain at day 1 and day 7 after sepsis. Meantime, inhibited caspase-1 mitigated the expressions of IL-1β, MCP-1 and TNF-α in serum and brain, diminished microglia activation in septic mice, and reduced sepsis-induced brain-blood barrier disruption and ultrastructure damages in brain as well. Inhibited caspase-1 protected the synapse plasticity and preserved long-term potential, which may be the possible mechanism of cognitive functions protective effects of septic mice. In conclusion, caspase-1 inhibition exerts brain-protective effects against SAE and cognitive impairments in a mouse model of sepsis.
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Palma P, Rello J. Precision medicine for the treatment of sepsis: recent advances and future prospects. EXPERT REVIEW OF PRECISION MEDICINE AND DRUG DEVELOPMENT 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/23808993.2019.1626714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Palma
- Infectious Diseases Department, São João University Hospital Center, Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Jordi Rello
- Clinical Research/epidemiology in Pneumonia & Sepsis (CRIPS), Vall d’Hebron Institute of Research (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermidades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Zhu H, Santo A, Jia Z, Robert Li Y. GPx4 in Bacterial Infection and Polymicrobial Sepsis: Involvement of Ferroptosis and Pyroptosis. REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES (APEX, N.C.) 2019; 7:154-160. [PMID: 31106276 DOI: 10.20455/ros.2019.835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
While it is well known that bacterial infection is the predominant cause of sepsis, the molecular pathophysiology of this clinical syndrome remains ill-defined. In this Research Highlights article, we discuss the recent research findings regarding a protective role for glutathione peroxidase-4 (GPx4) in bacterial infection and polymicrobial sepsis via modulating ferroptosis and pyroptosis, two novel modes of regulated cell death. It is suggested that GPx4, being a requisite gateway to both ferroptosis and pyroptosis, may serve as a critical molecular target for developing effective drugs for controlling infection and sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Campbell University Medical School, Buies Creek, NC 27506, USA
| | - Arben Santo
- Department of Pathology, EVCOM, Virginia Tech CRC, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
| | - Zhenquan Jia
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina College of Arts and Sciences, Greensboro, NC 27412, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, Campbell University Medical School, Buies Creek, NC 27506, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Campbell University College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Buies Creek, NC 27506, USA
| | - Y Robert Li
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina College of Arts and Sciences, Greensboro, NC 27412, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, Campbell University Medical School, Buies Creek, NC 27506, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Campbell University College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Buies Creek, NC 27506, USA.,Virginia Tech-Wake Forest University School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.,Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
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