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Lv L, Yang C, Zhang X, Chen T, Luo M, Yu G, Chen Q. Autophagy-related protein PlATG2 regulates the vegetative growth, sporangial cleavage, autophagosome formation, and pathogenicity of peronophythora litchii. Virulence 2024; 15:2322183. [PMID: 38438325 PMCID: PMC10913709 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2024.2322183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an intracellular degradation process that is important for the development and pathogenicity of phytopathogenic fungi and for the defence response of plants. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying autophagy in the pathogenicity of the plant pathogenic oomycete Peronophythora litchii, the causal agent of litchi downy blight, have not been well characterized. In this study, the autophagy-related protein ATG2 homolog, PlATG2, was identified and characterized using a CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene replacement strategy in P. litchii. A monodansylcadaverine (MDC) staining assay indicated that deletion of PlATG2 abolished autophagosome formation. Infection assays demonstrated that ΔPlatg2 mutants showed significantly impaired pathogenicity in litchi leaves and fruits. Further studies have revealed that PlATG2 participates in radial growth and asexual/sexual development of P. litchii. Moreover, zoospore release and cytoplasmic cleavage of sporangia were considerably lower in the ΔPlatg2 mutants than in the wild-type strain by FM4-64 staining. Taken together, our results revealed that PlATG2 plays a pivotal role in vegetative growth, sporangia and oospore production, zoospore release, sporangial cleavage, and plant infection of P. litchii. This study advances our understanding of the pathogenicity mechanisms of the phytopathogenic oomycete P. litchii and is conducive to the development of effective control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Lv
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, College of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Sanya, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Chengdong Yang
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, College of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Sanya, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, College of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Sanya, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Taixu Chen
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, College of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Sanya, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Manfei Luo
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, College of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Sanya, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Ge Yu
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, College of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Sanya, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Qinghe Chen
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, College of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Sanya, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, China
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Huang R, Jin Z, Zhang D, Li L, Zhou J, Xiao L, Li P, Zhang M, Tian C, Zhang W, Zhong L, Quan M, Zhao R, Du L, Liu LJ, Li Z, Zhang D, Du Q. Rare variations within the serine/arginine-rich splicing factor PtoRSZ21 modulate stomatal size to determine drought tolerance in Populus. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024. [PMID: 38978318 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Rare variants contribute significantly to the 'missing heritability' of quantitative traits. The genome-wide characteristics of rare variants and their roles in environmental adaptation of woody plants remain unexplored. Utilizing genome-wide rare variant association study (RVAS), expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) mapping, genetic transformation, and molecular experiments, we explored the impact of rare variants on stomatal morphology and drought adaptation in Populus. Through comparative analysis of five world-wide Populus species, we observed the influence of mutational bias and adaptive selection on the distribution of rare variants. RVAS identified 75 candidate genes correlated with stomatal size (SS)/stomatal density (SD), and a rare haplotype in the promoter of serine/arginine-rich splicing factor PtoRSZ21 emerged as the foremost association signal governing SS. As a positive regulator of drought tolerance, PtoRSZ21 can recruit the core splicing factor PtoU1-70K to regulate alternative splicing (AS) of PtoATG2b (autophagy-related 2). The rare haplotype PtoRSZ21hap2 weakens binding affinity to PtoMYB61, consequently affecting PtoRSZ21 expression and SS, ultimately resulting in differential distribution of Populus accessions in arid and humid climates. This study enhances the understanding of regulatory mechanisms that underlie AS induced by rare variants and might provide targets for drought-tolerant varieties breeding in Populus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Qinghua East Road, Beijing, 100083, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Qinghua East Road, Beijing, 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Qinghua East Road, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Zhuoying Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Qinghua East Road, Beijing, 100083, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Qinghua East Road, Beijing, 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Qinghua East Road, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Donghai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Qinghua East Road, Beijing, 100083, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Qinghua East Road, Beijing, 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Qinghua East Road, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Lianzheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Qinghua East Road, Beijing, 100083, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Qinghua East Road, Beijing, 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Qinghua East Road, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jiaxuan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Qinghua East Road, Beijing, 100083, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Qinghua East Road, Beijing, 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Qinghua East Road, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Liang Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Qinghua East Road, Beijing, 100083, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Qinghua East Road, Beijing, 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Qinghua East Road, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Peng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Qinghua East Road, Beijing, 100083, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Qinghua East Road, Beijing, 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Qinghua East Road, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Mengjiao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Qinghua East Road, Beijing, 100083, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Qinghua East Road, Beijing, 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Qinghua East Road, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Chongde Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Qinghua East Road, Beijing, 100083, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Qinghua East Road, Beijing, 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Qinghua East Road, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Wenke Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Qinghua East Road, Beijing, 100083, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Qinghua East Road, Beijing, 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Qinghua East Road, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Leishi Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Qinghua East Road, Beijing, 100083, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Qinghua East Road, Beijing, 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Qinghua East Road, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Mingyang Quan
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Qinghua East Road, Beijing, 100083, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Qinghua East Road, Beijing, 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Qinghua East Road, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Rui Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Qinghua East Road, Beijing, 100083, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Qinghua East Road, Beijing, 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Qinghua East Road, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Liang Du
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Qinghua East Road, Beijing, 100083, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Qinghua East Road, Beijing, 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Qinghua East Road, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Li-Jun Liu
- College of Forestry, State Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Silviculture in Downstream Areas of the Yellow River, Shandong Agriculture University, Taian, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Zhonghai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Qinghua East Road, Beijing, 100083, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Qinghua East Road, Beijing, 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Qinghua East Road, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Deqiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Qinghua East Road, Beijing, 100083, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Qinghua East Road, Beijing, 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Qinghua East Road, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Qingzhang Du
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Qinghua East Road, Beijing, 100083, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Qinghua East Road, Beijing, 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Qinghua East Road, Beijing, 100083, China
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Kumari R, Kapoor P, Mir BA, Singh M, Parrey ZA, Rakhra G, Parihar P, Khan MN, Rakhra G. Unlocking the versatility of Nitric Oxide in plants and insights into its molecular interplays under biotic and abiotic stress. Nitric Oxide 2024:S1089-8603(24)00082-X. [PMID: 38972538 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2024.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
In plants, nitric oxide (NO) has become a versatile signaling molecule essential for mediating a wide range of physiological processes under various biotic and abiotic stress conditions. The fundamental function of NO under various stress scenarios has led to a paradigm shift in which NO is now seen as both a free radical liberated from the toxic product of oxidative metabolism and an agent that aids in plant sustenance. Numerous studies on NO biology have shown that NO is an important signal for germination, leaf senescence, photosynthesis, plant growth, pollen growth, and other processes. It is implicated in defense responses against pathogensas well as adaptation of plants in response to environmental cues like salinity, drought, and temperature extremes which demonstrates its multifaceted role. NO can carry out its biological action in a variety of ways, including interaction with protein kinases, modifying gene expression, and releasing secondary messengers. In addition to these signaling events, NO may also be in charge of the chromatin modifications, nitration, and S-nitrosylation-induced posttranslational modifications (PTM) of target proteins. Deciphering the molecular mechanism behind its essential function is essential to unravel the regulatory networks controlling the responses of plants to various environmental stimuli. Taking into consideration the versatile role of NO, an effort has been made to interpret its mode of action based on the post-translational modifications and to cover shreds of evidence for increased growth parameters along with an altered gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritu Kumari
- Department of Botany, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab-144411, India
| | - Preedhi Kapoor
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara-144411, India
| | - Bilal Ahmad Mir
- Department of Botany, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab-144411, India
| | - Maninder Singh
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara-144411, India
| | - Zubair Ahmad Parrey
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Section, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Gurseen Rakhra
- Department of Nutrition & Dietetics, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Manav Rachna International Institute of Research and Studies, Faridabad, Haryana 121004, India
| | - Parul Parihar
- Department of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Banasthali Vidyapith, Rajasthan-304022
| | - M Nasir Khan
- Renewable Energy and Environmental Technology Center, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 47913, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gurmeen Rakhra
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara-144411, India.
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Singh SP, Verma RK, Goel R, Kumar V, Singh RR, Sawant SV. Arabidopsis BECLIN1-induced autophagy mediates reprogramming in tapetal programmed cell death by altering the gross cellular homeostasis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 208:108471. [PMID: 38503186 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
In flowering plants, the tapetum degeneration in post-meiotic anther occurs through developmental programmed cell death (dPCD), which is one of the most critical and sensitive steps for the proper development of male gametophytes and fertility. Yet the pathways of dPCD, its regulation, and its interaction with autophagy remain elusive. Here, we report that high-level expression of Arabidopsis autophagy-related gene BECLIN1 (BECN1 or AtATG6) in the tobacco tapetum prior to their dPCD resulted in developmental defects. BECN1 induces severe autophagy and multiple cytoplasm-to-vacuole pathways, which alters tapetal cell reactive oxygen species (ROS)-homeostasis that represses the tapetal dPCD. The transcriptome analysis reveals that BECN1- expression caused major changes in the pathway, resulting in altered cellular homeostasis in the tapetal cell. Moreover, BECN1-mediated autophagy reprograms the execution of tapetal PCD by altering the expression of the key developmental PCD marker genes: SCPL48, CEP1, DMP4, BFN1, MC9, EXI1, and Bcl-2 member BAG5, and BAG6. This study demonstrates that BECN1-mediated autophagy is inhibitory to the dPCD of the tapetum, but the severity of autophagy leads to autophagic death in the later stages. The delayed and altered mode of tapetal degeneration resulted in male sterility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surendra Pratap Singh
- Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, CSIR National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226001, India; Department of Botany, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, 226007, India.
| | - Rishi Kumar Verma
- Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, CSIR National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
| | - Ridhi Goel
- Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, CSIR National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
| | - Verandra Kumar
- Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, CSIR National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226001, India.
| | | | - Samir V Sawant
- Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, CSIR National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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Sakil MA, Mukae K, Bao J, Sadhu A, Roni MS, Inoue-Aono Y, Moriyasu Y. Autophagy Promotes Cell Death Induced by Hydrogen Peroxide in Physcomitrium patens. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 65:269-281. [PMID: 38029282 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcad149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
The autophagy-defective mutants (atg5 and atg7) of Physcomitrium patens exhibit strong desiccation tolerance. Here, we examined the effects of H2O2 on wild-type (WT) and autophagy-defective mutants of P. patens, considering that desiccation induces reactive oxygen species (ROS). We found that atg mutants can survive a 30-min treatment with 100 mM H2O2, whereas WT cannot, implying that autophagy promotes cell death induced by H2O2. Concomitant with cell death, vacuole collapse occurred. Intracellular H2O2 levels in both WT and atg5 increased immediately after H2O2 treatment and subsequently reached plateaus, which were higher in WT than in atg5. The ROS scavenger N-acetylcysteine lowered the plateau levels in WT and blocked cell death, suggesting that higher H2O2 plateau caused cell death. The uncoupler of electron transport chain (ETC) carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone also lowered the H2O2 plateaus, showing that ROS produced in the ETC in mitochondria and/or chloroplasts elevated the H2O2 plateau. The autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine lowered the H2O2 plateau and the cell death rate in WT, suggesting that autophagy occurring after H2O2 treatment is involved in the production of ROS. Conversely, the addition of bovine serum albumin, which is endocytosed and supplies amino acids instead of autophagy, elevated the H2O2 plateau in atg5 cells, suggesting that amino acids produced through autophagy promote H2O2 generation. These results clearly show that autophagy causes cell death under certain stress conditions. We propose that autophagy-derived amino acids are catabolized using ETCs in mitochondria and/or chloroplasts and produce H2O2, which in turn promotes the cell death accompanying vacuole collapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Arif Sakil
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama, 338-8570 Japan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Kyosuke Mukae
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama, 338-8570 Japan
- Research Institute for Clinical Oncology, Saitama Cancer Center, Saitama, 362-0806 Japan
| | - Junyu Bao
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama, 338-8570 Japan
| | - Abhishek Sadhu
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama, 338-8570 Japan
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida Scripps Biomedical Research, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Md Shyduzzaman Roni
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama, 338-8570 Japan
- Department of Horticulture, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh
| | - Yuko Inoue-Aono
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama, 338-8570 Japan
| | - Yuji Moriyasu
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama, 338-8570 Japan
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Hashimi SM, Huang MJ, Amini MQ, Wang WX, Liu TY, Chen Y, Liao LN, Lan HJ, Liu JZ. Silencing GmATG7 Leads to Accelerated Senescence and Enhanced Disease Resistance in Soybean. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16508. [PMID: 38003698 PMCID: PMC10671774 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy plays a critical role in nutrient recycling/re-utilizing under nutrient deprivation conditions. However, the role of autophagy in soybeans has not been intensively investigated. In this study, the Autophay-related gene 7 (ATG7) gene in soybeans (referred to as GmATG7) was silenced using a virus-induced gene silencing approach mediated by Bean pod mottle virus (BPMV). Our results showed that ATG8 proteins were highly accumulated in the dark-treated leaves of the GmATG7-silenced plants relative to the vector control leaves (BPMV-0), which is indicative of an impaired autophagy pathway. Consistent with the impaired autophagy, the dark-treated GmATG7-silenced leaves displayed an accelerated senescence phenotype, which was not seen on the dark-treated BPMV-0 leaves. In addition, the accumulation levels of both H2O2 and salicylic acid (SA) were significantly induced in the GmATG7-silenced plants compared with the BPMV-0 plants, indicating an activated immunity. Consistently, the GmATG7-silenced plants were more resistant against both Pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea (Psg) and Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) compared with the BPMV-0 plants. However, the activated immunity in the GmATG7-silenced plant was not dependent upon the activation of MPK3/MPK6. Collectively, our results demonstrated that the function of GmATG7 is indispensable for autophagy in soybeans, and the activated immunity in the GmATG7-silenced plant is a result of impaired autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Said M. Hashimi
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China; (S.M.H.); (M.-J.H.); (M.Q.A.); (W.-X.W.); (T.-Y.L.); (Y.C.); (L.-N.L.); (H.-J.L.)
| | - Min-Jun Huang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China; (S.M.H.); (M.-J.H.); (M.Q.A.); (W.-X.W.); (T.-Y.L.); (Y.C.); (L.-N.L.); (H.-J.L.)
| | - Mohammad Q. Amini
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China; (S.M.H.); (M.-J.H.); (M.Q.A.); (W.-X.W.); (T.-Y.L.); (Y.C.); (L.-N.L.); (H.-J.L.)
| | - Wen-Xu Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China; (S.M.H.); (M.-J.H.); (M.Q.A.); (W.-X.W.); (T.-Y.L.); (Y.C.); (L.-N.L.); (H.-J.L.)
| | - Tian-Yao Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China; (S.M.H.); (M.-J.H.); (M.Q.A.); (W.-X.W.); (T.-Y.L.); (Y.C.); (L.-N.L.); (H.-J.L.)
| | - Yu Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China; (S.M.H.); (M.-J.H.); (M.Q.A.); (W.-X.W.); (T.-Y.L.); (Y.C.); (L.-N.L.); (H.-J.L.)
| | - Li-Na Liao
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China; (S.M.H.); (M.-J.H.); (M.Q.A.); (W.-X.W.); (T.-Y.L.); (Y.C.); (L.-N.L.); (H.-J.L.)
| | - Hu-Jiao Lan
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China; (S.M.H.); (M.-J.H.); (M.Q.A.); (W.-X.W.); (T.-Y.L.); (Y.C.); (L.-N.L.); (H.-J.L.)
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology on Specialty Economic Plants, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Jian-Zhong Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China; (S.M.H.); (M.-J.H.); (M.Q.A.); (W.-X.W.); (T.-Y.L.); (Y.C.); (L.-N.L.); (H.-J.L.)
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology on Specialty Economic Plants, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
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7
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Kong Z, Lv W, Wang Y, Huang Y, Che K, Nan H, Xin Y, Wang J, Chen J, Wang Y, Chi J. Sinensetin ameliorates high glucose-induced diabetic nephropathy via enhancing autophagy in vitro and in vivo. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2023; 37:e23445. [PMID: 37393522 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) affects around 40% of people with diabetes, the final outcome of which is end-stage renal disease. The deficiency of autophagy and excessive oxidative stress have been found to participate in the pathogenesis of DN. Sinensetin (SIN) has been proven to have strong antioxidant capability. However, the effect of SIN on DN has not been studied. We examined the effect of SIN on cell viability and autophagy in the podocyte cell line, MPC5 cells, treated with high glucose (HG). For in vivo studies, DN mice models were established by intraperitoneal injected with streptozotocin (40 mg/kg) for 5 consecutive days and fed with a 60% high-fat diet, and SIN was given (10, 20, and 40 mg/kg) for 8 weeks via intraperitoneal injection. The results showed that SIN could protect MPC5 cells against HG-induced damage and significantly improve the renal function of DN mice. Moreover, SIN remarkably restored the autophagy activity of MPC5 cells which was inhibited under HG conditions. Consistent with this, SIN efficiently improved autophagy in the kidney tissue of DN mice. In brief, our findings demonstrated the protective effect of SIN on DN via restoring the autophagic function, which might provide a basis for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zili Kong
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Thyroid Diseases, Medical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wenshan Lv
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yunyang Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yajing Huang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Kui Che
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Thyroid Diseases, Medical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Huiqi Nan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yu Xin
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jiaxuan Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jintao Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yangang Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jingwei Chi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Thyroid Diseases, Medical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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8
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Hawkins TJ, Kopischke M, Duckney PJ, Rybak K, Mentlak DA, Kroon JTM, Bui MT, Richardson AC, Casey M, Alexander A, De Jaeger G, Kalde M, Moore I, Dagdas Y, Hussey PJ, Robatzek S. NET4 and RabG3 link actin to the tonoplast and facilitate cytoskeletal remodelling during stomatal immunity. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5848. [PMID: 37730720 PMCID: PMC10511709 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41337-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Members of the NETWORKED (NET) family are involved in actin-membrane interactions. Here we show that two members of the NET family, NET4A and NET4B, are essential for normal guard cell actin reorganization, which is a process critical for stomatal closure in plant immunity. NET4 proteins interact with F-actin and with members of the Rab7 GTPase RABG3 family through two distinct domains, allowing for simultaneous localization to actin filaments and the tonoplast. NET4 proteins interact with GTP-bound, active RABG3 members, suggesting their function being downstream effectors. We also show that RABG3b is critical for stomatal closure induced by microbial patterns. Taken together, we conclude that the actin cytoskeletal remodelling during stomatal closure involves a molecular link between actin filaments and the tonoplast, which is mediated by the NET4-RABG3b interaction. We propose that stomatal closure to microbial patterns involves the coordinated action of immune-triggered osmotic changes and actin cytoskeletal remodelling likely driving compact vacuolar morphologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Hawkins
- Department of Biosciences, University of Durham, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Michaela Kopischke
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
- LMU Munich Biocenter, Großhadener Strasse 4, 82152, Planegg, DE, Germany
| | - Patrick J Duckney
- Department of Biosciences, University of Durham, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Katarzyna Rybak
- LMU Munich Biocenter, Großhadener Strasse 4, 82152, Planegg, DE, Germany
| | - David A Mentlak
- Department of Biosciences, University of Durham, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Johan T M Kroon
- Department of Biosciences, University of Durham, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Mai Thu Bui
- Gregor Mendel Institute (GMI), Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, AUT, Austria
| | | | - Mary Casey
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | | | - Geert De Jaeger
- VIB-University Ghent, Center for Plant System Biology, Technologiepark 927, 9052, Ghent, BE, Belgium
| | - Monika Kalde
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Rd., Oxford, OX1 3RB, UK
| | - Ian Moore
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Rd., Oxford, OX1 3RB, UK
| | - Yasin Dagdas
- Gregor Mendel Institute (GMI), Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, AUT, Austria
| | - Patrick J Hussey
- Department of Biosciences, University of Durham, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK.
| | - Silke Robatzek
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK.
- LMU Munich Biocenter, Großhadener Strasse 4, 82152, Planegg, DE, Germany.
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9
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Luo M, Law KC, He Y, Chung KK, Po MK, Feng L, Chung KP, Gao C, Zhuang X, Jiang L. Arabidopsis AUTOPHAGY-RELATED2 is essential for ATG18a and ATG9 trafficking during autophagosome closure. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 193:304-321. [PMID: 37195145 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
As a fundamental metabolic pathway, autophagy plays important roles in plant growth and development, particularly under stress conditions. A set of autophagy-related (ATG) proteins is recruited for the formation of a double-membrane autophagosome. Among them, the essential roles of ATG2, ATG18, and ATG9 have been well established in plant autophagy via genetic analysis; however, the underlying molecular mechanism for ATG2 in plant autophagosome formation remains poorly understood. In this study, we focused on the specific role of ATG2 in the trafficking of ATG18a and ATG9 during autophagy in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Under normal conditions, YFP-ATG18a proteins are partially localized on late endosomes and translocated to ATG8e-labeled autophagosomes upon autophagic induction. Real-time imaging analysis revealed sequential recruitment of ATG18a on the phagophore membrane, showing that ATG18a specifically decorated the closing edges and finally disassociated from the completed autophagosome. However, in the absence of ATG2, most of the YFP-ATG18a proteins are arrested on autophagosomal membranes. Ultrastructural and 3D tomography analysis showed that unclosed autophagosome structures are accumulated in the atg2 mutant, displaying direct connections with the endoplasmic reticulum membrane and vesicular structures. Dynamic analysis of ATG9 vesicles suggested that ATG2 depletion also affects the association between ATG9 vesicles and the autophagosomal membrane. Furthermore, using interaction and recruitment analysis, we mapped the interaction relationship between ATG2 and ATG18a, implying a possible role of ATG18a in recruiting ATG2 and ATG9 to the membrane. Our findings unveil a specific role of ATG2 in coordinating ATG18a and ATG9 trafficking to mediate autophagosome closure in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqian Luo
- Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kai Ching Law
- Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yilin He
- Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ka Kit Chung
- Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Muk Kuen Po
- Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lanlan Feng
- Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kin Pan Chung
- Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Caiji Gao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohong Zhuang
- Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Liwen Jiang
- Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518057, China
- Institute of Plant Molecular Biology and Agricultural Biotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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10
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Negi J, Obata T, Nishimura S, Song B, Yamagaki S, Ono Y, Okabe M, Hoshino N, Fukatsu K, Tabata R, Yamaguchi K, Shigenobu S, Yamada M, Hasebe M, Sawa S, Kinoshita T, Nishida I, Iba K. PECT1, a rate-limiting enzyme in phosphatidylethanolamine biosynthesis, is involved in the regulation of stomatal movement in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023. [PMID: 37058128 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
An Arabidopsis mutant displaying impaired stomatal responses to CO2 , cdi4, was isolated by a leaf thermal imaging screening. The mutated gene PECT1 encodes CTP:phosphorylethanolamine cytidylyltransferase. The cdi4 exhibited a decrease in phosphatidylethanolamine levels and a defect in light-induced stomatal opening as well as low-CO2 -induced stomatal opening. We created RNAi lines in which PECT1 was specifically repressed in guard cells. These lines are impaired in their stomatal responses to low-CO2 concentrations or light. Fungal toxin fusicoccin (FC) promotes stomatal opening by activating plasma membrane H+ -ATPases in guard cells via phosphorylation. Arabidopsis H+ -ATPase1 (AHA1) has been reported to be highly expressed in guard cells, and its activation by FC induces stomatal opening. The cdi4 and PECT1 RNAi lines displayed a reduced stomatal opening response to FC. However, similar to in the wild-type, cdi4 maintained normal levels of phosphorylation and activation of the stomatal H+ -ATPases after FC treatment. Furthermore, the cdi4 displayed normal localization of GFP-AHA1 fusion protein and normal levels of AHA1 transcripts. Based on these results, we discuss how PECT1 could regulate CO2 - and light-induced stomatal movements in guard cells in a manner that is independent and downstream of the activation of H+ -ATPases. [Correction added on 15 May 2023, after first online publication: The third sentence is revised in this version.].
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Affiliation(s)
- Juntaro Negi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8581, Japan
| | - Tomoki Obata
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8581, Japan
| | - Sakura Nishimura
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8581, Japan
| | - Boseok Song
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8581, Japan
| | - Sho Yamagaki
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8581, Japan
| | - Yuhei Ono
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8581, Japan
| | - Makoto Okabe
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8581, Japan
| | - Natsumi Hoshino
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 338-8570, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kohei Fukatsu
- Graduate School of Science and Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Ryo Tabata
- International Research Center for Agricultural and Environmental Biology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1, Kumamoto, Japan
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | | | | | - Masashi Yamada
- Department of Biology and HHMI, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, 27710, USA
| | - Mitsuyasu Hasebe
- National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Japan
- Department of Basic Biology, School of Life Science, SOKENDAI (Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Sawa
- International Research Center for Agricultural and Environmental Biology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Toshinori Kinoshita
- Graduate School of Science and Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Ikuo Nishida
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 338-8570, Saitama, Japan
| | - Koh Iba
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8581, Japan
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11
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Sandalio LM, Collado-Arenal AM, Romero-Puertas MC. Deciphering peroxisomal reactive species interactome and redox signalling networks. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 197:58-70. [PMID: 36642282 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Plant peroxisomes are highly dynamic organelles with regard to metabolic pathways, number and morphology and participate in different metabolic processes and cell responses to their environment. Peroxisomes from animal and plant cells house a complex system of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production associated to different metabolic pathways which are under control of an important set of enzymatic and non enzymatic antioxidative defenses. Nitric oxide (NO) and its derivate reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are also produced in these organelles. Peroxisomes can regulate ROS and NO/RNS levels to allow their role as signalling molecules. The metabolism of other reactive species such as carbonyl reactive species (CRS) and sulfur reactive species (SRS) in peroxisomes and their relationship with ROS and NO have not been explored in depth. In this review, we define a peroxisomal reactive species interactome (PRSI), including all reactive species ROS, RNS, CRS and SRS, their interaction and effect on target molecules contributing to the dynamic redox/ROS homeostasis and plasticity of peroxisomes, enabling fine-tuned regulation of signalling networks associated with peroxisome-dependent H2O2. Particular attention will be paid to update the information available on H2O2-dependent peroxisomal retrograde signalling and to discuss a specific peroxisomal footprint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa M Sandalio
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (EEZ), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), C/ Profesor Albareda 1, 18008, Granada, Spain.
| | - Aurelio M Collado-Arenal
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (EEZ), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), C/ Profesor Albareda 1, 18008, Granada, Spain
| | - María C Romero-Puertas
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (EEZ), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), C/ Profesor Albareda 1, 18008, Granada, Spain
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12
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Wang M, Zhang H, Zhao X, Zhou J, Qin G, Liu Y, Kou X, Zhao Z, Wu T, Zhu JK, Feng X, Li L. SYNTAXIN OF PLANTS81 regulates root meristem activity and stem cell niche maintenance via ROS signaling. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 191:1365-1382. [PMID: 36427205 PMCID: PMC9922426 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Root growth and development depend on continuous cell division and differentiation in root tips. In these processes, reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a critical role as signaling molecules. However, few ROS signaling regulators have been identified. In this study, we found knockdown of a syntaxin gene, SYNTAXIN OF PLANTS81 in Arabidopsis thaliana (AtSYP81) resulted in a severe reduction in root meristem activity and disruption of root stem cell niche (SCN) identity. Subsequently, we found AtSYP81 was highly expressed in roots and localized on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Interestingly, the reduced expression of AtSYP81 conferred a decreased number of peroxisomes in root meristem cells, raising a possibility that AtSYP81 regulates root development through peroxisome-mediated ROS production. Further transcriptome analysis revealed that class III peroxidases, which are responsible for intracellular ROS homeostasis, showed significantly changed expression in the atsyp81 mutants and AtSYP81 overexpression lines, adding evidence of the regulatory role of AtSYP81 in ROS signaling. Accordingly, rescuing the decreased ROS level via applying ROS donors effectively restored the defects in root meristem activity and SCN identity in the atsyp81 mutants. APETALA2 (AP2) transcription factors PLETHORA1 and 2 (PLT1 and PLT2) were then established as the downstream effectors in this pathway, while potential crosstalk between ROS signaling and auxin signaling was also indicated. Taken together, our findings suggest that AtSYP81 regulates root meristem activity and maintains root SCN identity by controlling peroxisome- and peroxidase-mediated ROS homeostasis, thus both broadening and deepening our understanding of the biological roles of SNARE proteins and ROS signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Hailong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Xiaonan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Jingwen Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Guochen Qin
- Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Agricultural Sciences at Weifang, Weifang, Shandong 261000, China
| | - Yuqi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Xiaoyue Kou
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Zhenjie Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Tao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Jian-Kang Zhu
- Institute of Advanced Biotechnology and School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Center for Advanced Bioindustry Technologies, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xianzhong Feng
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Lixin Li
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
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13
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Pexophagy suppresses ROS-induced damage in leaf cells under high-intensity light. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7493. [PMID: 36470866 PMCID: PMC9722907 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35138-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although light is essential for photosynthesis, it has the potential to elevate intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Since high ROS levels are cytotoxic, plants must alleviate such damage. However, the cellular mechanism underlying ROS-induced leaf damage alleviation in peroxisomes was not fully explored. Here, we show that autophagy plays a pivotal role in the selective removal of ROS-generating peroxisomes, which protects plants from oxidative damage during photosynthesis. We present evidence that autophagy-deficient mutants show light intensity-dependent leaf damage and excess aggregation of ROS-accumulating peroxisomes. The peroxisome aggregates are specifically engulfed by pre-autophagosomal structures and vacuolar membranes in both leaf cells and isolated vacuoles, but they are not degraded in mutants. ATG18a-GFP and GFP-2×FYVE, which bind to phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate, preferentially target the peroxisomal membranes and pre-autophagosomal structures near peroxisomes in ROS-accumulating cells under high-intensity light. Our findings provide deeper insights into the plant stress response caused by light irradiation.
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14
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Murakami N, Fuji S, Yamauchi S, Hosotani S, Mano J, Takemiya A. Reactive Carbonyl Species Inhibit Blue-Light-Dependent Activation of the Plasma Membrane H+-ATPase and Stomatal Opening. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 63:1168-1176. [PMID: 35786727 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcac094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a central role in plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. ROS stimulate stomatal closure by inhibiting blue light (BL)-dependent stomatal opening under diverse stresses in the daytime. However, the stomatal opening inhibition mechanism by ROS remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to examine the impact of reactive carbonyl species (RCS), lipid peroxidation products generated by ROS, on BL signaling in guard cells. Application of RCS, such as acrolein and 4-hydroxy-(E)-2-nonenal (HNE), inhibited BL-dependent stomatal opening in the epidermis of Arabidopsis thaliana. Acrolein also inhibited H+ pumping and the plasma membrane H+-ATPase phosphorylation in response to BL. However, acrolein did not inhibit BL-dependent autophosphorylation of phototropins and the phosphorylation of BLUE LIGHT SIGNALING1 (BLUS1). Similarly, acrolein affected neither the kinase activity of BLUS1 nor the phosphatase activity of protein phosphatase 1, a positive regulator of BL signaling. However, acrolein inhibited fusicoccin-dependent phosphorylation of H+-ATPase and stomatal opening. Furthermore, carnosine, an RCS scavenger, partially alleviated the abscisic-acid- and hydrogen-peroxide-induced inhibition of BL-dependent stomatal opening. Altogether, these findings suggest that RCS inhibit BL signaling, especially H+-ATPase activation, and play a key role in the crosstalk between BL and ROS signaling pathways in guard cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanaka Murakami
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi, 753-8512 Japan
| | - Saashia Fuji
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi, 753-8512 Japan
| | - Shota Yamauchi
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi, 753-8512 Japan
| | - Sakurako Hosotani
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi, 753-8512 Japan
| | - Jun'ichi Mano
- Science Research Center, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi, 753-8515 Japan
| | - Atsushi Takemiya
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi, 753-8512 Japan
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15
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Muhammad D, Smith KA, Bartel B. Plant peroxisome proteostasis-establishing, renovating, and dismantling the peroxisomal proteome. Essays Biochem 2022; 66:229-242. [PMID: 35538741 PMCID: PMC9375579 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20210059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Plant peroxisomes host critical metabolic reactions and insulate the rest of the cell from reactive byproducts. The specialization of peroxisomal reactions is rooted in how the organelle modulates its proteome to be suitable for the tissue, environment, and developmental stage of the organism. The story of plant peroxisomal proteostasis begins with transcriptional regulation of peroxisomal protein genes and the synthesis, trafficking, import, and folding of peroxisomal proteins. The saga continues with assembly and disaggregation by chaperones and degradation via proteases or the proteasome. The story concludes with organelle recycling via autophagy. Some of these processes as well as the proteins that facilitate them are peroxisome-specific, while others are shared among organelles. Our understanding of translational regulation of plant peroxisomal protein transcripts and proteins necessary for pexophagy remain based in findings from other models. Recent strides to elucidate transcriptional control, membrane dynamics, protein trafficking, and conditions that induce peroxisome turnover have expanded our knowledge of plant peroxisomal proteostasis. Here we review our current understanding of the processes and proteins necessary for plant peroxisome proteostasis-the emergence, maintenance, and clearance of the peroxisomal proteome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kathryn A Smith
- Department of BioSciences, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, U.S.A
| | - Bonnie Bartel
- Department of BioSciences, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, U.S.A
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16
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Xie J, Wang Z, Li Y. Stomatal opening ratio mediates trait coordinating network adaptation to environmental gradients. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 235:907-922. [PMID: 35491493 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A trait coordination network is constructed through intercorrelations of functional traits, which reflect trait-based adaptive strategies. However, little is known about how these networks change across spatial scales, and what drivers and mechanisms mediate this change. This study bridges that gap by integrating functional traits related to plant carbon gain and water economy into the coordination network of Siberian elm (Ulmus pumila), a eurybiont that survives along a 3800 km environmental gradient from humid forest to arid desert. Our results demonstrated that both stomatal density and stomatal size reached a physiological threshold at which adjustments in these traits were not sufficient to cope with the increased environmental stress. Network analysis further revealed that the mechanism for overcoming this threshold, the stomatal opening ratio, gratio , was represented by the highest values for centrality across different spatial scales, and therefore mediated the changes in the trait coordination network along environmental gradients. The mediating roles manifested as creating the highest maximum theoretical stomatal conductance (gsmax ) but lowest possible gratio for pathogen defense in humid regions, while maintaining the gratio 'sweet spot' (c. 20% in this region) for highest water use efficiency in semihumid regions, and having the lowest gsmax and highest gratio for gas exchange and leaf cooling in arid regions. These results suggested that the stomatal traits related to control of stomatal movement play fundamental roles in balancing gas exchange, leaf cooling, embolism resistance and pathogen defense. These insights will allow more accurate model parameterization for different regions, and therefore better predictions of species' responses to global change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangbo Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Zhongyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
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17
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Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells facilitate diabetic wound healing through the restoration of epidermal cell autophagy via the HIF-1α/TGF-β1/SMAD pathway. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:314. [PMID: 35841007 PMCID: PMC9284495 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-02996-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The biological activity and regenerative medicine of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) have been focal topics in the broad fields of diabetic wound repair. However, the molecular mechanisms are still largely elusive for other cellular processes that are regulated during BMSC treatment. Our previous studies have shown that hypoxia is not only a typical pathological phenomenon of wounds but also exerts a vital regulatory effect on cellular bioactivity. In this study, the beneficial effects of hypoxic BMSCs on the cellular behaviors of epidermal cells and diabetic wound healing were investigated. METHOD The viability and secretion ability of hypoxic BMSCs were detected. The autophagy, proliferation and migration of HaCaT cells cultured with hypoxic BMSCs-derived conditioned medium were assessed by estimating the expression of autophagy-related proteins, MTS, EdU proliferation and scratch assays. And the role of the SMAD signaling pathway during hypoxic BMSC-evoked HaCaT cell autophagy was explored through a series of in vitro gain- and loss-of-function experiments. Finally, the therapeutic effects of hypoxic BMSCs were evaluated using full-thickness cutaneous diabetic wound model. RESULTS First, we demonstrated that hypoxic conditions intensify HIF-1α-mediated TGF-β1 secretion by BMSCs. Then, the further data revealed that BMSC-derived TGF-β1 was responsible for the activation of epidermal cell autophagy, which contributed to the induction of epidermal cell proliferation and migration. Here, the SMAD signaling pathway was identified as downstream of BMSC-derived TGF-β1 to regulate HaCaT cell autophagy. Moreover, the administration of BMSCs to diabetic wounds increased epidermal autophagy and the rate of re-epithelialization, leading to accelerated healing, and these effects were significantly attenuated, accompanied by the downregulation of Smad2 phosphorylation levels due to TGF-β1 interference in BMSCs. CONCLUSION In this report, we present evidence that uncovers a previously unidentified role of hypoxic BMSCs in regulating epidermal cell autophagy. The findings demonstrate that BMSC-based treatment by restoring epidermal cell autophagy could be an attractive therapeutic strategy for diabetic wounds and that the process is mediated by the HIF-1α/TGF-β1/SMAD pathway.
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18
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Li X, Flynn ER, do Carmo JM, Wang Z, da Silva AA, Mouton AJ, Omoto ACM, Hall ME, Hall JE. Direct Cardiac Actions of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibition Improve Mitochondrial Function and Attenuate Oxidative Stress in Pressure Overload-Induced Heart Failure. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:859253. [PMID: 35647080 PMCID: PMC9135142 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.859253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical trials showed that sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, a class of drugs developed for treating diabetes mellitus, improve prognosis of patients with heart failure (HF). However, the mechanisms for cardioprotection by SGLT2 inhibitors are still unclear. Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress play important roles in progression of HF. This study tested the hypothesis that empagliflozin (EMPA), a highly selective SGLT2 inhibitor, improves mitochondrial function and reduces reactive oxygen species (ROS) while enhancing cardiac performance through direct effects on the heart in a non-diabetic mouse model of HF induced by transverse aortic constriction (TAC). EMPA or vehicle was administered orally for 4 weeks starting 2 weeks post-TAC. EMPA treatment did not alter blood glucose or body weight but significantly attenuated TAC-induced cardiac dysfunction and ventricular remodeling. Impaired mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) in failing hearts was significantly improved by EMPA. EMPA treatment also enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis and restored normal mitochondria morphology. Although TAC increased mitochondrial ROS and decreased endogenous antioxidants, EMPA markedly inhibited cardiac ROS production and upregulated expression of endogenous antioxidants. In addition, EMPA enhanced autophagy and decreased cardiac apoptosis in TAC-induced HF. Importantly, mitochondrial respiration significantly increased in ex vivo cardiac fibers after direct treatment with EMPA. Our results indicate that EMPA has direct effects on the heart, independently of reductions in blood glucose, to enhance mitochondrial function by upregulating mitochondrial biogenesis, enhancing OXPHOS, reducing ROS production, attenuating apoptosis, and increasing autophagy to improve overall cardiac function in a non-diabetic model of pressure overload-induced HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Li
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, Mississippi Center for Heart Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
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Balfagón D, Gómez-Cadenas A, Rambla JL, Granell A, de Ollas C, Bassham DC, Mittler R, Zandalinas SI. γ-Aminobutyric acid plays a key role in plant acclimation to a combination of high light and heat stress. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 188:2026-2038. [PMID: 35078231 PMCID: PMC8968390 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Plants are frequently subjected to different combinations of abiotic stresses, such as high light (HL) intensity, and elevated temperatures. These environmental conditions pose a threat to agriculture production, affecting photosynthesis, and decreasing yield. Metabolic responses of plants, such as alterations in carbohydrates and amino acid fluxes, play a key role in the successful acclimation of plants to different abiotic stresses, directing resources toward stress responses, and suppressing growth. Here we show that the primary metabolic response of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants to HL or heat stress (HS) is different from that of plants subjected to a combination of HL and HS (HL+HS). We further demonstrate that the combined stress results in a unique metabolic response that includes increased accumulation of sugars and amino acids coupled with decreased levels of metabolites participating in the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Among the amino acids exclusively accumulated during HL+HS, we identified the nonproteinogenic amino acid γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Analysis of different mutants deficient in GABA biosynthesis (GLUTAMATE DESCARBOXYLASE 3 [gad3]) as well as mutants impaired in autophagy (autophagy-related proteins 5 and 9 [atg5 and atg9]), revealed that GABA plays a key role in the acclimation of plants to HL+HS, potentially by promoting autophagy. Taken together, our findings identify a role for GABA in regulating plant responses to combined stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damián Balfagón
- Departamento de Ciencias Agrarias y del Medio Natural, Universitat Jaume I, Castelló de la Plana, 12071, Spain
| | - Aurelio Gómez-Cadenas
- Departamento de Ciencias Agrarias y del Medio Natural, Universitat Jaume I, Castelló de la Plana, 12071, Spain
| | - José L Rambla
- Departamento de Ciencias Agrarias y del Medio Natural, Universitat Jaume I, Castelló de la Plana, 12071, Spain
| | - Antonio Granell
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, CSIC-Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Valencia 46022, Spain
| | - Carlos de Ollas
- Departamento de Ciencias Agrarias y del Medio Natural, Universitat Jaume I, Castelló de la Plana, 12071, Spain
| | - Diane C Bassham
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
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20
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Kang BH, Anderson CT, Arimura SI, Bayer E, Bezanilla M, Botella MA, Brandizzi F, Burch-Smith TM, Chapman KD, Dünser K, Gu Y, Jaillais Y, Kirchhoff H, Otegui MS, Rosado A, Tang Y, Kleine-Vehn J, Wang P, Zolman BK. A glossary of plant cell structures: Current insights and future questions. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:10-52. [PMID: 34633455 PMCID: PMC8846186 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koab247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In this glossary of plant cell structures, we asked experts to summarize a present-day view of plant organelles and structures, including a discussion of outstanding questions. In the following short reviews, the authors discuss the complexities of the plant cell endomembrane system, exciting connections between organelles, novel insights into peroxisome structure and function, dynamics of mitochondria, and the mysteries that need to be unlocked from the plant cell wall. These discussions are focused through a lens of new microscopy techniques. Advanced imaging has uncovered unexpected shapes, dynamics, and intricate membrane formations. With a continued focus in the next decade, these imaging modalities coupled with functional studies are sure to begin to unravel mysteries of the plant cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung-Ho Kang
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Charles T Anderson
- Department of Biology and Center for Lignocellulose Structure and Formation, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802 USA
| | - Shin-ichi Arimura
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Emmanuelle Bayer
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, UMR 5200, Villenave d'Ornon F-33140, France
| | - Magdalena Bezanilla
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, USA
| | - Miguel A Botella
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Instituto de Hortifruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea “La Mayora,” Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Universidad de Málaga, Málaga 29071, Spain
| | - Federica Brandizzi
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Lab, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824 USA
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - Tessa M Burch-Smith
- Department of Biochemistry & Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - Kent D Chapman
- BioDiscovery Institute and Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203, USA
| | - Kai Dünser
- Faculty of Biology, Chair of Molecular Plant Physiology (MoPP) University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79104, Germany
- Center for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies (CIBSS), University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79104, Germany
| | - Yangnan Gu
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Yvon Jaillais
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes (RDP), Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAE, Lyon, France
| | - Helmut Kirchhoff
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, USA
| | - Marisa S Otegui
- Department of Botany and Center for Quantitative Cell Imaging, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Abel Rosado
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T1Z4, Canada
| | - Yu Tang
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Jürgen Kleine-Vehn
- Faculty of Biology, Chair of Molecular Plant Physiology (MoPP) University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79104, Germany
- Center for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies (CIBSS), University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79104, Germany
| | - Pengwei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Bethany Karlin Zolman
- Department of Biology, University of Missouri, St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63121, USA
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21
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Shen J, Chen Q, Li Z, Zheng Q, Xu Y, Zhou H, Mao H, Shen Q, Liu P. Proteomic and metabolomic analysis of Nicotiana benthamiana under dark stress. FEBS Open Bio 2022; 12:231-249. [PMID: 34792288 PMCID: PMC8727940 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to extended periods of darkness is a common source of abiotic stress that significantly affects plant growth and development. To understand how Nicotiana benthamiana responds to dark stress, the proteomes and metabolomes of leaves treated with darkness were studied. In total, 5763 proteins and 165 primary metabolites were identified following dark treatment. Additionally, the expression of autophagy-related gene (ATG) proteins was transiently upregulated. Weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) was utilized to find the protein modules associated with the response to dark stress. A total of four coexpression modules were obtained. The results indicated that heat-shock protein (HSP70), SnRK1-interacting protein 1, 2A phosphatase-associated protein of 46 kDa (Tap46), and glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) might play crucial roles in N. benthamiana's response to dark stress. Furthermore, a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed and top-degreed proteins were predicted to identify potential key factors in the response to dark stress. These proteins include isopropylmalate isomerase (IPMI), eukaryotic elongation factor 5A (ELF5A), and ribosomal protein 5A (RPS5A). Finally, metabolic analysis suggested that some amino acids and sugars were involved in the dark-responsive pathways. Thus, these results provide a new avenue for understanding the defensive mechanism against dark stress at the protein and metabolic levels in N. benthamiana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan‐Juan Shen
- College of ChemistryZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
- Chemistry Research Institution of Henan Academy of SciencesZhengzhouChina
| | - Qian‐Si Chen
- Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTCZhengzhouChina
| | - Ze‐Feng Li
- Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTCZhengzhouChina
| | - Qing‐Xia Zheng
- Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTCZhengzhouChina
| | - Ya‐Long Xu
- Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTCZhengzhouChina
| | - Hui‐Na Zhou
- Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTCZhengzhouChina
| | - Hong‐Yan Mao
- College of ChemistryZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Qi Shen
- College of ChemistryZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Ping‐Ping Liu
- Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTCZhengzhouChina
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22
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Yang Y, Xiang Y, Niu Y. An Overview of the Molecular Mechanisms and Functions of Autophagic Pathways in Plants. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2021; 16:1977527. [PMID: 34617497 PMCID: PMC9208794 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2021.1977527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved pathway for the degradation of damaged or toxic components. Under normal conditions, autophagy maintains cellular homeostasis. It can be triggered by senescence and various stresses. In the process of autophagy, autophagy-related (ATG) proteins not only function as central signal regulators but also participate in the development of complex survival mechanisms when plants suffer from adverse environments. Therefore, ATGs play significant roles in metabolism, development and stress tolerance. In the past decade, both the molecular mechanisms of autophagy and a large number of components involved in the assembly of autophagic vesicles have been identified. In recent studies, an increasing number of components, mechanisms, and receptors have appeared in the autophagy pathway. In this paper, we mainly review the recent progress of research on the molecular mechanisms of plant autophagy, as well as its function under biotic stress and abiotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Moe Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences,Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yun Xiang
- Moe Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences,Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yue Niu
- Moe Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences,Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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23
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Yin X, Li W, Zhang J, Zhao W, Cai H, Zhang C, Liu Z, Guo Y, Wang J. AMPK-Mediated Metabolic Switching Is High Effective for Phytochemical Levo-Tetrahydropalmatine (l-THP) to Reduce Hepatocellular Carcinoma Tumor Growth. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11120811. [PMID: 34940569 PMCID: PMC8703446 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11120811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeting cancer cell metabolism has been an attractive approach for cancer treatment. However, the role of metabolic alternation in cancer is still unknown whether it functions as a tumor promoter or suppressor. Applying the cancer gene-metabolism integrative network model, we predict adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) to function as a central hub of metabolic landscape switching in specific liver cancer subtypes. For the first time, we demonstrate that the phytochemical levo-tetrahydropalmatine (l-THP), a Corydalis yanhusuo-derived clinical drug, as an AMPK activator via autophagy-mediated metabolic switching could kill the hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells. Mechanistically, l-THP promotes the autophagic response by activating the AMPK-mTOR-ULK1 and the ROS-JNK-ATG cascades and impairing the ERK/AKT signaling. All these processes ultimately synergize to induce the decreased mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and mitochondrial damage. Notably, silencing AMPK significantly inhibits the autophagic flux and recovers the decreased OXPHOS metabolism, which results in HepG2 resistance to l-THP treatment. More importantly, l-THP potently reduces the growth of xenograft HepG2 tumor in nude mice without affecting other organs. From this perspective, our findings support the conclusion that metabolic change is an alternative approach to influence the development of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xunzhe Yin
- School of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China; (X.Y.); (H.C.); (C.Z.)
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China; (W.L.); (J.Z.); (W.Z.)
| | - Wenbo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China; (W.L.); (J.Z.); (W.Z.)
| | - Jiaxin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China; (W.L.); (J.Z.); (W.Z.)
| | - Wenjing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China; (W.L.); (J.Z.); (W.Z.)
| | - Huaxing Cai
- School of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China; (X.Y.); (H.C.); (C.Z.)
| | - Chi Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China; (X.Y.); (H.C.); (C.Z.)
| | - Zuojia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China; (W.L.); (J.Z.); (W.Z.)
- Correspondence: (Z.L.); (Y.G.)
| | - Yan Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China; (X.Y.); (H.C.); (C.Z.)
- Correspondence: (Z.L.); (Y.G.)
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-3400, USA;
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24
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Rehman NU, Zeng P, Mo Z, Guo S, Liu Y, Huang Y, Xie Q. Conserved and Diversified Mechanism of Autophagy between Plants and Animals upon Various Stresses. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:1736. [PMID: 34829607 PMCID: PMC8615172 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10111736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a highly conserved degradation mechanism in eukaryotes, executing the breakdown of unwanted cell components and subsequent recycling of cellular material for stress relief through vacuole-dependence in plants and yeast while it is lysosome-dependent in animal manner. Upon stress, different types of autophagy are stimulated to operate certain biological processes by employing specific selective autophagy receptors (SARs), which hijack the cargo proteins or organelles to the autophagy machinery for subsequent destruction in the vacuole/lysosome. Despite recent advances in autophagy, the conserved and diversified mechanism of autophagy in response to various stresses between plants and animals still remain a mystery. In this review, we intend to summarize and discuss the characterization of the SARs and their corresponding processes, expectantly advancing the scope and perspective of the evolutionary fate of autophagy between plants and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveed Ur Rehman
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (N.U.R.); (P.Z.); (Z.M.); (S.G.)
| | - Peichun Zeng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (N.U.R.); (P.Z.); (Z.M.); (S.G.)
| | - Zulong Mo
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (N.U.R.); (P.Z.); (Z.M.); (S.G.)
| | - Shaoying Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (N.U.R.); (P.Z.); (Z.M.); (S.G.)
| | - Yunfeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Life Sciences and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China;
| | - Yifeng Huang
- Institute of Crop and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou 310001, China
| | - Qingjun Xie
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (N.U.R.); (P.Z.); (Z.M.); (S.G.)
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25
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Liang D, Lin WJ, Ren M, Qiu J, Yang C, Wang X, Li N, Zeng T, Sun K, You L, Yan L, Wang W. m 6A reader YTHDC1 modulates autophagy by targeting SQSTM1 in diabetic skin. Autophagy 2021; 18:1318-1337. [PMID: 34657574 PMCID: PMC9225222 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2021.1974175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of macroautophagy/autophagy contributes to the delay of wound healing in diabetic skin. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA modification is known to play a critical role in regulating autophagy. In this study, it was found that SQSTM1/p62 (sequestosome 1), an autophagy receptor, was significantly downregulated in two human keratinocyte cells lines with short-term high-glucose treatment, as well as in the epidermis of diabetic patients and a db/db mouse model with long-term hyperglycemia. Knockdown of SQSTM1 led to the impairment of autophagic flux, which was consistent with the results of high-glucose treatment in keratinocytes. Moreover, the m6A reader protein YTHDC1 (YTH domain containing 1), which interacted with SQSTM1 mRNA, was downregulated in keratinocytes under both the acute and chronic effects of hyperglycemia. Knockdown of YTHDC1 affected biological functions of keratinocytes, which included increased apoptosis rates and impaired wound-healing capacity. In addition, knockdown of endogenous YTHDC1 resulted in a blockade of autophagic flux in keratinocytes, while overexpression of YTHDC1 rescued the blockade of autophagic flux induced by high glucose. In vivo, knockdown of endogenous Ythdc1 or Sqstm1 inhibited autophagy in the epidermis and delayed wound healing. Interestingly, we found that a decrease of YTHDC1 drove SQSTM1 mRNA degradation in the nucleus. Furthermore, the results revealed that YTHDC1 interacted and cooperated with ELAVL1/HuR (ELAV like RNA binding protein 1) in modulating the expression of SQSTM1. Collectively, this study uncovered a previously unrecognized function for YTHDC1 in modulating autophagy via regulating the stability of SQSTM1 nuclear mRNA in diabetic keratinocytes. Abbreviations: ACTB: actin beta; AGEs: glycation end products; AL: autolysosome; AP: autophagosome; ATG: autophagy related; AKT: AKT serine/threonine kinase; ANOVA: analysis of variance; BECN1: beclin 1; Co-IP: co-immunoprecipitation; DEGs: differentially expressed genes; DM: diabetes mellitus; ELAVL1: ELAV like RNA binding protein 1; FTO: FTO alpha-ketoglutarate dependent dioxygenase; G: glucose; HaCaT: human keratinocyte; GO: Gene Ontology; GSEA: Gene Set Enrichment Analysis; HE: hematoxylin-eosin; IHC: immunohistochemical; IRS: immunoreactive score; KEAP1: kelch like ECH associated protein 1; KEGG: Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes; m6A: N6-methyladenosine; M: mannitol; MANOVA: multivariate analysis of variance; MAP1LC3: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3; MAP1LC3B: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta; MeRIP: methylated RNA immunoprecipitation; METTL3: methyltransferase 3, N6-adenosine-methytransferase complex catalytic subunit; MTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; MTORC1: mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1; NBR1: NBR1 autophagy cargo receptor; NFE2L2: nuclear factor, erythroid 2 like 2; NG: normal glucose; NHEK: normal human epithelial keratinocyte; OE: overexpressing; p-: phospho-; PI: propidium iodide; PPIN: Protein-Protein Interaction Network; RBPs: RNA binding proteins; RIP: RNA immunoprecipitation; RNA-seq: RNA-sequence; RNU6–1: RNA, U6 small nuclear 1; ROS: reactive oxygen species; siRNAs: small interfering RNAs; SQSTM1: sequestosome 1; SRSF: serine and arginine rich splicing factor; T2DM: type 2 diabetes mellitus; TEM: transmission electron microscopy; TUBB: tubulin beta class I; WT: wild-type; YTHDC1: YTH domain containing 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diefei Liang
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei-Jye Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Medical Research Center of Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meng Ren
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junxiong Qiu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuan Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyi Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tingting Zeng
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kan Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lili You
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Yan
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Lu B, Luo X, Gong C, Bai J. Overexpression of γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase gene from Caragana korshinskii decreases stomatal density and enhances drought tolerance. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:444. [PMID: 34598673 PMCID: PMC8485494 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03226-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (γ-ECS) is a rate-limiting enzyme in glutathione biosynthesis and plays a key role in plant stress responses. In this study, the endogenous expression of the Caragana korshinskii γ-ECS (Ckγ-ECS) gene was induced by PEG 6000-mediated drought stress in the leaves of C. korshinskii. and the Ckγ-ECS overexpressing transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana plants was constructed using the C. korshinskii. isolated γ-ECS. RESULTS Compared with the wildtype, the Ckγ-ECS overexpressing plants enhanced the γ-ECS activity, reduced the stomatal density and aperture sizes; they also had higher relative water content, lower water loss, and lower malondialdehyde content. At the same time, the mRNA expression of stomatal development-related gene EPF1 was increased and FAMA and STOMAGEN were decreased. Besides, the expression of auxin-relative signaling genes AXR3 and ARF5 were upregulated. CONCLUSIONS These changes suggest that transgenic Arabidopsis improved drought tolerance, and Ckγ-ECS may act as a negative regulator in stomatal development by regulating the mRNA expression of EPF1 and STOMAGEN through auxin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baiyan Lu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Xinjuan Luo
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chunmei Gong
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Juan Bai
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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27
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Zhou X, Joshi S, Khare T, Patil S, Shang J, Kumar V. Nitric oxide, crosstalk with stress regulators and plant abiotic stress tolerance. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2021; 40:1395-1414. [PMID: 33974111 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-021-02705-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide is a dynamic gaseous molecule involved in signalling, crosstalk with stress regulators, and plant abiotic-stress responses. It has great exploratory potentials for engineering abiotic stress tolerance in crops. Nitric oxide (NO), a redox-active gaseous signalling molecule, though present uniformly through the eukaryotes, maintain its specificity in plants with respect to its formation, signalling, and functions. Its cellular concentrations are decisive for its function, as a signalling molecule at lower concentrations, but triggers nitro-oxidative stress and cellular damage when produced at higher concentrations. Besides, it also acts as a potent stress alleviator. Discovered in animals as neurotransmitter, NO has come a long way to being a stress radical and growth regulator in plants. As a key redox molecule, it exhibits several key cellular and molecular interactions including with reactive chemical species, hydrogen sulphide, and calcium. Apart from being a signalling molecule, it is emerging as a key player involved in regulations of plant growth, development and plant-environment interactions. It is involved in crosstalk with stress regulators and is thus pivotal in these stress regulatory mechanisms. NO is getting an unprecedented attention from research community, being investigated and explored for its multifaceted roles in plant abiotic stress tolerance. Through this review, we intend to present the current knowledge and updates on NO biosynthesis and signalling, crosstalk with stress regulators, and how biotechnological manipulations of NO pathway are leading towards developing transgenic crop plants that can withstand environmental stresses and climate change. The targets of various stress responsive miRNA signalling have also been discussed besides giving an account of current approaches used to characterise and detect the NO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianrong Zhou
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing, 408100, China.
| | - Shrushti Joshi
- Department of Biotechnology, Modern College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune, 411016, India
| | - Tushar Khare
- Department of Biotechnology, Modern College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune, 411016, India
- Department of Environmental Science, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411007, India
| | - Suraj Patil
- Department of Biotechnology, Modern College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune, 411016, India
| | - Jin Shang
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing, 408100, China
| | - Vinay Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Modern College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune, 411016, India.
- Department of Environmental Science, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411007, India.
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Gomez RE, Lupette J, Chambaud C, Castets J, Ducloy A, Cacas JL, Masclaux-Daubresse C, Bernard A. How Lipids Contribute to Autophagosome Biogenesis, a Critical Process in Plant Responses to Stresses. Cells 2021; 10:1272. [PMID: 34063958 PMCID: PMC8224036 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Throughout their life cycle, plants face a tremendous number of environmental and developmental stresses. To respond to these different constraints, they have developed a set of refined intracellular systems including autophagy. This pathway, highly conserved among eukaryotes, is induced by a wide range of biotic and abiotic stresses upon which it mediates the degradation and recycling of cytoplasmic material. Central to autophagy is the formation of highly specialized double membrane vesicles called autophagosomes which select, engulf, and traffic cargo to the lytic vacuole for degradation. The biogenesis of these structures requires a series of membrane remodeling events during which both the quantity and quality of lipids are critical to sustain autophagy activity. This review highlights our knowledge, and raises current questions, regarding the mechanism of autophagy, and its induction and regulation upon environmental stresses with a particular focus on the fundamental contribution of lipids. How autophagy regulates metabolism and the recycling of resources, including lipids, to promote plant acclimation and resistance to stresses is further discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Enrique Gomez
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, UMR 5200, CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, F-33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France; (R.E.G.); (J.L.); (C.C.); (J.C.)
| | - Josselin Lupette
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, UMR 5200, CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, F-33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France; (R.E.G.); (J.L.); (C.C.); (J.C.)
| | - Clément Chambaud
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, UMR 5200, CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, F-33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France; (R.E.G.); (J.L.); (C.C.); (J.C.)
| | - Julie Castets
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, UMR 5200, CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, F-33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France; (R.E.G.); (J.L.); (C.C.); (J.C.)
| | - Amélie Ducloy
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR 1318 AgroParisTech-INRAE, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France; (A.D.); (J.-L.C.); (C.M.-D.)
| | - Jean-Luc Cacas
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR 1318 AgroParisTech-INRAE, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France; (A.D.); (J.-L.C.); (C.M.-D.)
| | - Céline Masclaux-Daubresse
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR 1318 AgroParisTech-INRAE, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France; (A.D.); (J.-L.C.); (C.M.-D.)
| | - Amélie Bernard
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, UMR 5200, CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, F-33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France; (R.E.G.); (J.L.); (C.C.); (J.C.)
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29
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Garot E, Dussert S, Domergue F, Jo�t T, Fock-Bastide I, Combes MC, Lashermes P. Multi-Approach Analysis Reveals Local Adaptation in a Widespread Forest Tree of Reunion Island. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 62:280-292. [PMID: 33377945 PMCID: PMC8112841 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcaa160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Detecting processes of local adaptation in forest trees and identifying environmental selective drivers are of primary importance for forest management and conservation. Transplant experiments, functional genomics and population genomics are complementary tools to efficiently characterize heritable phenotypic traits and to decipher the genetic bases of adaptive traits. Using an integrative approach combining phenotypic assessment in common garden, transcriptomics and landscape genomics, we investigated leaf adaptive traits in Coffea mauritiana, a forest tree endemic to Reunion Island. Eight populations of C. mauritiana originating from sites with contrasted environmental conditions were sampled in common garden to assess several leaf morphological traits, to analyze the leaf transcriptome and leaf cuticular wax composition. The relative alkane content of cuticular waxes was significantly correlated with major climatic gradients, paving the way for further transcriptome-based analyses. The expression pattern of cuticle biosynthetic genes was consistent with a modulation of alkane accumulation across the population studied, supporting the hypothesis that the composition of cuticular wax is involved in the local adaptation of C. mauritiana. Association tests in landscape genomics performed using RNA-seq-derived single-nucleotide polymorphisms revealed that genes associated with cell wall remodeling also likely play an adaptive role. By combining these different approaches, this study efficiently identified local adaptation processes in a non-model species. Our results provide the first evidence for local adaptation in trees endemic to Reunion Island and highlight the importance of cuticle composition for the adaptation of trees to the high evaporative demand in warm climates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edith Garot
- DIADE, IRD, University of Montpellier, Montpellier 34394, France
- Universit� de La R�union, UMR PVBMT, La R�union, Saint-Pierre 97410, France
| | - Stephane Dussert
- DIADE, IRD, University of Montpellier, Montpellier 34394, France
| | | | - Thierry Jo�t
- DIADE, IRD, University of Montpellier, Montpellier 34394, France
| | | | | | - Philippe Lashermes
- DIADE, IRD, University of Montpellier, Montpellier 34394, France
- Corresponding author: E-mail, ; Fax, +33 4 67 41 61 81
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30
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Sirko A, Wawrzyńska A, Brzywczy J, Sieńko M. Control of ABA Signaling and Crosstalk with Other Hormones by the Selective Degradation of Pathway Components. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4638. [PMID: 33924944 PMCID: PMC8125534 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A rapid and appropriate genetic and metabolic acclimation, which is crucial for plants' survival in a changing environment, is maintained due to the coordinated action of plant hormones and cellular degradation mechanisms influencing proteostasis. The plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) rapidly accumulates in plants in response to environmental stress and plays a pivotal role in the reaction to various stimuli. Increasing evidence demonstrates a significant role of autophagy in controlling ABA signaling. This field has been extensively investigated and new discoveries are constantly being provided. We present updated information on the components of the ABA signaling pathway, particularly on transcription factors modified by different E3 ligases. Then, we focus on the role of selective autophagy in ABA pathway control and review novel evidence on the involvement of autophagy in different parts of the ABA signaling pathway that are important for crosstalk with other hormones, particularly cytokinins and brassinosteroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Sirko
- Laboratory of Plant Protein Homeostasis, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Pawinskiego 5A, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (J.B.); (M.S.)
| | - Anna Wawrzyńska
- Laboratory of Plant Protein Homeostasis, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Pawinskiego 5A, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (J.B.); (M.S.)
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31
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Autophagy in Plant Abiotic Stress Management. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22084075. [PMID: 33920817 PMCID: PMC8071135 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants can be considered an open system. Throughout their life cycle, plants need to exchange material, energy and information with the outside world. To improve their survival and complete their life cycle, plants have developed sophisticated mechanisms to maintain cellular homeostasis during development and in response to environmental changes. Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved self-degradative process that occurs ubiquitously in all eukaryotic cells and plays many physiological roles in maintaining cellular homeostasis. In recent years, an increasing number of studies have shown that autophagy can be induced not only by starvation but also as a cellular response to various abiotic stresses, including oxidative, salt, drought, cold and heat stresses. This review focuses mainly on the role of autophagy in plant abiotic stress management.
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32
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Jia X, Mao K, Wang P, Wang Y, Jia X, Huo L, Sun X, Che R, Gong X, Ma F. Overexpression of MdATG8i improves water use efficiency in transgenic apple by modulating photosynthesis, osmotic balance, and autophagic activity under moderate water deficit. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2021; 8:81. [PMID: 33790273 PMCID: PMC8012348 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-021-00521-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Water deficit is one of the major limiting factors for apple (Malus domestica) production on the Loess Plateau, a major apple cultivation area in China. The identification of genes related to the regulation of water use efficiency (WUE) is a crucial aspect of crop breeding programs. As a conserved degradation and recycling mechanism in eukaryotes, autophagy has been reported to participate in various stress responses. However, the relationship between autophagy and WUE regulation has not been explored. We have shown that a crucial autophagy protein in apple, MdATG8i, plays a role in improving salt tolerance. Here, we explored its biological function in response to long-term moderate drought stress. The results showed that MdATG8i-overexpressing (MdATG8i-OE) apple plants exhibited higher WUE than wild-type (WT) plants under long-term moderate drought conditions. Plant WUE can be increased by improving photosynthetic efficiency. Osmoregulation plays a critical role in plant stress resistance and adaptation. Under long-term drought conditions, the photosynthetic capacity and accumulation of sugar and amino acids were higher in MdATG8i-OE plants than in WT plants. The increased photosynthetic capacity in the OE plants could be attributed to their ability to maintain optimal stomatal aperture, organized chloroplasts, and strong antioxidant activity. MdATG8i overexpression also promoted autophagic activity, which was likely related to the changes described above. In summary, our results demonstrate that MdATG8i-OE apple lines exhibited higher WUE than WT under long-term moderate drought conditions because they maintained robust photosynthesis, effective osmotic adjustment processes, and strong autophagic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ke Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xumei Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Liuqing Huo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xun Sun
- Center of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, Nanjing, China
| | - Runmin Che
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoqing Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Fengwang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
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Corpas FJ, González-Gordo S, Palma JM. Nitric Oxide (NO) Scaffolds the Peroxisomal Protein-Protein Interaction Network in Higher Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2444. [PMID: 33671021 PMCID: PMC7957770 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The peroxisome is a single-membrane subcellular compartment present in almost all eukaryotic cells from simple protists and fungi to complex organisms such as higher plants and animals. Historically, the name of the peroxisome came from a subcellular structure that contained high levels of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and the antioxidant enzyme catalase, which indicated that this organelle had basically an oxidative metabolism. During the last 20 years, it has been shown that plant peroxisomes also contain nitric oxide (NO), a radical molecule than leads to a family of derived molecules designated as reactive nitrogen species (RNS). These reactive species can mediate post-translational modifications (PTMs) of proteins, such as S-nitrosation and tyrosine nitration, thus affecting their function. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of how NO could affect peroxisomal metabolism and its internal protein-protein interactions (PPIs). Remarkably, many of the identified NO-target proteins in plant peroxisomes are involved in the metabolism of reactive oxygen species (ROS), either in its generation or its scavenging. Therefore, it is proposed that NO is a molecule with signaling properties with the capacity to modulate the peroxisomal protein-protein network and consequently the peroxisomal functions, especially under adverse environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J. Corpas
- Antioxidant, Free Radical and Nitric Oxide in Biotechnology, Food and Agriculture Group, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), C/ Profesor Albareda, 1, E-18008 Granada, Spain; (S.G.-G.); (J.M.P.)
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Salinity Effects on Guard Cell Proteome in Chenopodium quinoa. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22010428. [PMID: 33406687 PMCID: PMC7794931 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermal fragments enriched in guard cells (GCs) were isolated from the halophyte quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Wild.) species, and the response at the proteome level was studied after salinity treatment of 300 mM NaCl for 3 weeks. In total, 2147 proteins were identified, of which 36% were differentially expressed in response to salinity stress in GCs. Up and downregulated proteins included signaling molecules, enzyme modulators, transcription factors and oxidoreductases. The most abundant proteins induced by salt treatment were desiccation-responsive protein 29B (50-fold), osmotin-like protein OSML13 (13-fold), polycystin-1, lipoxygenase, alpha-toxin, and triacylglycerol lipase (PLAT) domain-containing protein 3-like (eight-fold), and dehydrin early responsive to dehydration (ERD14) (eight-fold). Ten proteins related to the gene ontology term “response to ABA” were upregulated in quinoa GC; this included aspartic protease, phospholipase D and plastid-lipid-associated protein. Additionally, seven proteins in the sucrose–starch pathway were upregulated in the GC in response to salinity stress, and accumulation of tryptophan synthase and L-methionine synthase (enzymes involved in the amino acid biosynthesis) was observed. Exogenous application of sucrose and tryptophan, L-methionine resulted in reduction in stomatal aperture and conductance, which could be advantageous for plants under salt stress. Eight aspartic proteinase proteins were highly upregulated in GCs of quinoa, and exogenous application of pepstatin A (an inhibitor of aspartic proteinase) was accompanied by higher oxidative stress and extremely low stomatal aperture and conductance, suggesting a possible role of aspartic proteinase in mitigating oxidative stress induced by saline conditions.
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Baslam M, Mitsui T, Sueyoshi K, Ohyama T. Recent Advances in Carbon and Nitrogen Metabolism in C3 Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:E318. [PMID: 33396811 PMCID: PMC7795015 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
C and N are the most important essential elements constituting organic compounds in plants. The shoots and roots depend on each other by exchanging C and N through the xylem and phloem transport systems. Complex mechanisms regulate C and N metabolism to optimize plant growth, agricultural crop production, and maintenance of the agroecosystem. In this paper, we cover the recent advances in understanding C and N metabolism, regulation, and transport in plants, as well as their underlying molecular mechanisms. Special emphasis is given to the mechanisms of starch metabolism in plastids and the changes in responses to environmental stress that were previously overlooked, since these changes provide an essential store of C that fuels plant metabolism and growth. We present general insights into the system biology approaches that have expanded our understanding of core biological questions related to C and N metabolism. Finally, this review synthesizes recent advances in our understanding of the trade-off concept that links C and N status to the plant's response to microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marouane Baslam
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181, Japan; (M.B.); (T.M.)
| | - Toshiaki Mitsui
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181, Japan; (M.B.); (T.M.)
- Department of Life and Food Sciences, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181, Japan;
| | - Kuni Sueyoshi
- Department of Life and Food Sciences, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181, Japan;
| | - Takuji Ohyama
- Department of Life and Food Sciences, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181, Japan;
- Faculty of Applied Biosciences, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan
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Lv S, Luo H, Huang K, Zhu X. The Prognostic Role of Glutathione Peroxidase 1 and Immune Infiltrates in Glioma Investigated Using Public Datasets. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e926440. [PMID: 33085656 PMCID: PMC7590522 DOI: 10.12659/msm.926440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1) is an essential component of the intracellular antioxidant enzyme system, but little is known about the role of GPX1 in the progression of malignancy in gliomas. Using public datasets, this study investigated the prognostic role of GPX1 and immune infiltrates in glioma. MATERIAL AND METHODS We investigated GPX1 expression levels in different cancers using the ONCOMINE and Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER) datasets. We also explored the prognostic landscape of GPX1 in gliomas based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) datasets. Some significant pathways were identified by function enrichment analysis. We then explored the association between GPX1 expression and levels of tumor-infiltrating immune cells based on TIMER and Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) datasets. RESULTS Expression of GPX1 in brain and central nervous system cancers is at a much high level than in normal tissues, and it is higher in glioblastoma (GBM) than in lower-grade glioma (LGG). We found GPX1 expression to be positively correlated with the malignant clinicopathologic characteristics of gliomas. Univariate analysis and multivariate analysis revealed that overexpression of GPX1 was correlated with a worse prognosis in patients, and a nomogram indicated that GPX1 expression can predict clinical prognosis of glioma. Function enrichment analysis showed that some important pathways are related to glioma malignancy. Expression of GPX1 was positively associated with infiltrating levels of 6 types of immune cells and most of their gene markers in GBM and LGG. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that GPX1 is an independent prognostic factor and a novel biomarker for predicting the progression of malignancy in gliomas, which is associated with immune infiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigang Lv
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China (mainland).,Institute of Neuroscience, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Haitao Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China (mainland).,East China Institute of Digital Medical Engineering, Shangrao, Jiangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Kai Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China (mainland).,Institute of Neuroscience, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Xingen Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China (mainland).,Institute of Neuroscience, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China (mainland)
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Zhang Y, Yin L, Huang L, Tekliye M, Xia X, Li J, Dong M. Composition, antioxidant activity, and neuroprotective effects of anthocyanin-rich extract from purple highland barley bran and its promotion on autophagy. Food Chem 2020; 339:127849. [PMID: 32858383 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Anthocyanin-rich purple highland barley has attracted great attention recently due to its health benefits in humans. The composition of the purified anthocyanin extract (PAE) from purple highland barley bran (PHBB) was characterized by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) with a high acylated anthocyanin profile. PAE exhibited high antioxidant activity and potential neuroprotective effects on cobalt chloride (CoCl2)-induced hypoxic damage in PC12 cells by maintaining cell viability, restoring cell morphology, inhibiting lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage, reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, enhancing antioxidant enzyme activities, inhibiting cell apoptosis, and attenuating cell cycle arrest. Treatment cells (PC12 and U2OS) with PAE activated autophagy, indicating that autophagy possibly acted as a survival mechanism against CoCl2-induced injury. This study demonstrated that PAE from the PHBB was a high-quality natural functional food colorant and potentially could be used as a preventive agent for brain dysfunction caused by hypoxic damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongzhu Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, PR China
| | - Liqing Yin
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, PR China
| | - Lu Huang
- Institute of Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nan Jing, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Mekonen Tekliye
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, PR China
| | - Xiudong Xia
- Institute of Agricultural Product Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Jianzhong Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, PR China
| | - Mingsheng Dong
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, PR China.
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Corpas FJ, González-Gordo S, Palma JM. Plant Peroxisomes: A Factory of Reactive Species. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:853. [PMID: 32719691 PMCID: PMC7348659 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Plant peroxisomes are organelles enclosed by a single membrane whose biochemical composition has the capacity to adapt depending on the plant tissue, developmental stage, as well as internal and external cellular stimuli. Apart from the peroxisomal metabolism of reactive oxygen species (ROS), discovered several decades ago, new molecules with signaling potential, including nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S), have been detected in these organelles in recent years. These molecules generate a family of derived molecules, called reactive nitrogen species (RNS) and reactive sulfur species (RSS), whose peroxisomal metabolism is autoregulated through posttranslational modifications (PTMs) such as S-nitrosation, nitration and persulfidation. The peroxisomal metabolism of these reactive species, which can be weaponized against pathogens, is susceptible to modification in response to external stimuli. This review aims to provide up-to-date information on crosstalk between these reactive species families and peroxisomes, as well as on their cellular environment in light of the well-recognized signaling properties of H2O2, NO and H2S.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J. Corpas
- Group of Antioxidants, Free Radicals and Nitric Oxide in Biotechnology, Food and Agriculture, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Granada, Spain
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39
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Sandalio LM, Peláez-Vico MA, Romero-Puertas MC. Peroxisomal Metabolism and Dynamics at the Crossroads Between Stimulus Perception and Fast Cell Responses to the Environment. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:505. [PMID: 32676503 PMCID: PMC7333514 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Luisa M. Sandalio
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Granada, Spain
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Cen H, Liu Y, Li D, Wang K, Zhang Y, Zhang W. Heterologous expression of a chimeric gene, OsDST-SRDX, enhanced salt tolerance of transgenic switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.). PLANT CELL REPORTS 2020; 39:723-736. [PMID: 32130473 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-020-02526-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Overexpression of OsDST-SRDX chimeric gene in switchgrass promotes plant growth and improves the salt tolerance of transgenic switchgrass by improving its antioxidative ability. Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) is a forage and model feedstock plant. To avoid competing with crops in arable land utilization, improving salt tolerance of switchgrass is required to use marginal saline land for switchgrass production. To improve salt tolerance of switchgrass, a chimeric DROUGHT AND SALT TOLERANCE (DST) gene OsDST-SRDX was constructed using the Chimeric REpressor gene-Silencing Technology (CRES-T), and introduced into switchgrass genome by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Compared to wild-type (WT) plants, OsDST-SRDX transgenic (TG) switchgrass plants showed wider leaves and thicker stems. They performed better under salt stress, had higher relative leaf water content, lower electrolyte leakage and lower malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and accumulated less Na+ and more K+ than WT controls. The transgenic plants had also higher activities of antioxidant enzymes associated with suppressed expressing of genes in H2O2 homeostasis, including glutathione S-transferase (GST2, GST6), cytochrome P450, peroxidase 24 precursor, and induced expressing of CAT and SOD under salt stress to eliminate excess H2O2. Our results indicate that overexpression of the chimeric gene OsDST-SRDX improves salt tolerance of switchgrass, a C4 biofuel crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifang Cen
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yanrong Liu
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Dayong Li
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Kexin Wang
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yunwei Zhang
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- National Energy R&D Center for Biomass (NECB), China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Wanjun Zhang
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
- National Energy R&D Center for Biomass (NECB), China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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41
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He J, Zhang RX, Kim DS, Sun P, Liu H, Liu Z, Hetherington AM, Liang YK. ROS of Distinct Sources and Salicylic Acid Separate Elevated CO 2-Mediated Stomatal Movements in Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:542. [PMID: 32457781 PMCID: PMC7225777 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Elevated CO2 (eCO2) often reduces leaf stomatal aperture and density thus impacts plant physiology and productivity. We have previously demonstrated that the Arabidopsis BIG protein distinguishes between the processes of eCO2-induced stomatal closure and eCO2-inhibited stomatal opening. However, the mechanistic basis of this action is not fully understood. Here we show that eCO2-elicited reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in big mutants was compromised in stomatal closure induction but not in stomatal opening inhibition. Pharmacological and genetic studies show that ROS generated by both NADPH oxidases and cell wall peroxidases contribute to eCO2-induced stomatal closure, whereas inhibition of light-induced stomatal opening by eCO2 may rely on the ROS derived from NADPH oxidases but not from cell wall peroxidases. As with JA and ABA, SA is required for eCO2-induced ROS generation and stomatal closure. In contrast, none of these three signals has a significant role in eCO2-inhibited stomatal opening, unveiling the distinct roles of plant hormonal signaling pathways in the induction of stomatal closure and the inhibition of stomatal opening by eCO2. In conclusion, this study adds SA to a list of plant hormones that together with ROS from distinct sources distinguish two branches of eCO2-mediated stomatal movements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing He
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Department of Plant Science, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ruo-Xi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Department of Plant Science, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Dae Sung Kim
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Department of Plant Science, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Peng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Department of Plant Science, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Honggang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Department of Plant Science, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhongming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Department of Plant Science, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Alistair M. Hetherington
- School of Biological Sciences, Life Sciences Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Yun-Kuan Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Department of Plant Science, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Li M, Liu G, Wang K, Wang L, Fu X, Lim LY, Chen W, Mo J. Metal ion-responsive nanocarrier derived from phosphonated calix[4]arenes for delivering dauricine specifically to sites of brain injury in a mouse model of intracerebral hemorrhage. J Nanobiotechnology 2020; 18:61. [PMID: 32306970 PMCID: PMC7168846 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-020-00616-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a leading cause of long-term disability and death worldwide. Drug delivery vehicles to treat ICH are less than satisfactory because of their short circulation lives, lack of specific targeting to the hemorrhagic site, and poor control of drug release. To exploit the fact that metal ions such as Fe2+ are more abundant in peri-hematomal tissue than in healthy tissue because of red blood cell lysis, we developed a metal ion-responsive nanocarrier based on a phosphonated calix[4]arene derivative in order to deliver the neuroprotective agent dauricine (DRC) specifically to sites of primary and secondary brain injury. The potential of the dauricine-loaded nanocarriers for ICH therapy was systematically evaluated in vitro and in mouse models of autologous whole blood double infusion. The nanocarriers significantly reduced brain water content, restored blood-brain barrier integrity and attenuated neurological deficits by inhibiting the activation of glial cells, infiltration by neutrophils as well as production of pro-inflammatory factors (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α) and matrix-metalloprotease-9. These results suggest that our dauricine-loaded nanocarriers can improve neurological outcomes in an animal model of ICH by reducing inflammatory injury and inhibiting apoptosis and ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxin Li
- Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases of Guangxi Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, China.,School of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, China
| | - Guohao Liu
- Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases of Guangxi Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, China.,Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jilin Medical University, Jilin, 132013, China
| | - Kaixuan Wang
- Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases of Guangxi Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, China.,School of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, China
| | - Lingfeng Wang
- Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases of Guangxi Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, China.,School of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, China
| | - Xiang Fu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, China
| | - Lee Yong Lim
- Division of Pharmacy, School of Allied Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Wei Chen
- Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases of Guangxi Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, China. .,School of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, China.
| | - Jingxin Mo
- Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases of Guangxi Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, China. .,School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales Sydney, Kensington, NSW, 2052, Australia.
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Rea AC. Say "Ah!" The Right Amounts of Brassinosteroids and Hydrogen Peroxide Open the "Mouths" of Plant Leaves. THE PLANT CELL 2020; 32:795-796. [PMID: 32075862 PMCID: PMC7145503 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.20.00125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anne C Rea
- Michigan State UniversityMSU-DOE Plant Research LaboratoryEast Lansing, Michigan 48824
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44
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Jannat R, Senba T, Muroyama D, Uraji M, Hossain MA, Islam MM, Nakamura Y, Munemasa S, Mori IC, Murata Y. Interaction of intracellular hydrogen peroxide accumulation with nitric oxide production in abscisic acid signaling in guard cells. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2020; 84:1418-1426. [PMID: 32200704 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2020.1743168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide (NO•) concomitantly play essential roles in guard cell signaling. Studies using catalase mutants have revealed that the inducible and constitutive elevations of intracellular hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) have different roles: only the inducible H2O2 production transduces the abscisic acid (ABA) signal leading stomatal closure. However, the involvement of inducible or constitutive NO• productions, if exists, in this process remains unknown. We studied H2O2 and NO• mobilization in guard cells of catalase mutants. Constitutive H2O2 level was higher in the mutants than that in wild type, but constitutive NO• level was not different among lines. Induced NO• and H2O2 levels elicited by ABA showed a high correlation with each other in all lines. Furthermore, NO• levels increased by exogenous H2O2 also showed a high correlation with stomatal aperture size. Our results demonstrate that ABA-induced intracellular H2O2 accumulation triggers NO• production leading stomatal closure. ABBREVIATIONS ABA: abscisic acid; CAT: catalase; cGMP: cyclic guanosine monophosphate; DAF-2DA: 4,5-diaminofluorescein-2 diacetate; H2DCF-DA: 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate; MeJA: methyljasmonate; NOS: nitric oxide synthetase; NR: nitrate reductase; POX: peroxidase; ROS: reactive oxygen species; SNAP: S-nitroso-N-acetyl-DL-penicillamine; SNP: sodium nitroprusside; NOX: NADP(H) oxidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayhanur Jannat
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University , Okayama, Japan
| | - Takanori Senba
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University , Okayama, Japan
| | - Daichi Muroyama
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University , Okayama, Japan
| | - Misugi Uraji
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University , Okayama, Japan
| | | | | | - Yoshimasa Nakamura
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University , Okayama, Japan
| | - Shintaro Munemasa
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University , Okayama, Japan
| | - Izumi C Mori
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University , Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Murata
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University , Okayama, Japan
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Medeiros DB, Barros JAS, Fernie AR, Araújo WL. Eating Away at ROS to Regulate Stomatal Opening. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 25:220-223. [PMID: 31932167 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2019.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Although reactive oxygen species (ROS) function in guard cell signaling has been demonstrated, the control of ROS homeostasis remains elusive. Recent findings point to multiple mechanisms controlling ROS levels in guard cells. These mechanisms require secondary metabolism and autophagy, providing the guard cells with a degree of plasticity during stomatal movements.
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Affiliation(s)
- David B Medeiros
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
| | - Jessica A S Barros
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Wagner L Araújo
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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46
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Postiglione AE, Muday GK. The Role of ROS Homeostasis in ABA-Induced Guard Cell Signaling. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:968. [PMID: 32695131 PMCID: PMC7338657 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The hormonal and environmental regulation of stomatal aperture is mediated by a complex signaling pathway found within the guard cells that surround stomata. Abscisic acid (ABA) induces stomatal closure in response to drought stress by binding to its guard cell localized receptor, initiating a signaling cascade that includes synthesis of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Genetic evidence in Arabidopsis indicates that ROS produced by plasma membrane respiratory burst oxidase homolog (RBOH) enzymes RBOHD and RBOHF modulate guard cell signaling and stomatal closure. However, ABA-induced ROS accumulates in many locations such as the cytoplasm, chloroplasts, nucleus, and endomembranes, some of which do not coincide with plasma membrane localized RBOHs. ABA-induced guard cell ROS accumulation has distinct spatial and temporal patterns that drive stomatal closure. Productive ROS signaling requires both rapid increases in ROS, as well as the ability of cells to prevent ROS from reaching damaging levels through synthesis of antioxidants, including flavonols. The relationship between locations of ROS accumulation and ABA signaling and the role of enzymatic and small molecule ROS scavengers in maintaining ROS homeostasis in guard cells are summarized in this review. Understanding the mechanisms of ROS production and homeostasis and the role of ROS in guard cell signaling can provide a better understanding of plant response to stress and could provide an avenue for the development of crop plants with increased stress tolerance.
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47
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Cao JJ, Liu CX, Shao SJ, Zhou J. Molecular Mechanisms of Autophagy Regulation in Plants and Their Applications in Agriculture. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:618944. [PMID: 33664753 PMCID: PMC7921839 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.618944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a highly conserved cellular process for the degradation and recycling of unnecessary cytoplasmic components in eukaryotes. Various studies have shown that autophagy plays a crucial role in plant growth, productivity, and survival. The extensive functions of plant autophagy have been revealed in numerous frontier studies, particularly those regarding growth adjustment, stress tolerance, the identification of related genes, and the involvement of metabolic pathways. However, elucidation of the molecular regulation of plant autophagy, particularly the upstream signaling elements, is still lagging. In this review, we summarize recent progress in research on the molecular mechanisms of autophagy regulation, including the roles of protein kinases, phytohormones, second messengers, and transcriptional and epigenetic control, as well as the relationship between autophagy and the 26S proteasome in model plants and crop species. We also discuss future research directions for the potential application of autophagy in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Jian Cao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chen-Xu Liu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shu-Jun Shao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plants Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Agricultural Ministry of China, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plants Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Agricultural Ministry of China, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jie Zhou,
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Su T, Li X, Yang M, Shao Q, Zhao Y, Ma C, Wang P. Autophagy: An Intracellular Degradation Pathway Regulating Plant Survival and Stress Response. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:164. [PMID: 32184795 PMCID: PMC7058704 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is an intracellular process that facilitates the bulk degradation of cytoplasmic materials by the vacuole or lysosome in eukaryotes. This conserved process is achieved through the coordination of different autophagy-related genes (ATGs). Autophagy is essential for recycling cytoplasmic material and eliminating damaged or dysfunctional cell constituents, such as proteins, aggregates or even entire organelles. Plant autophagy is necessary for maintaining cellular homeostasis under normal conditions and is upregulated during abiotic and biotic stress to prolong cell life. In this review, we present recent advances on our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of autophagy in plants and how autophagy contributes to plant development and plants' adaptation to the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Changle Ma
- *Correspondence: Changle Ma, ; Pingping Wang,
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