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Woerman AL, Luk KC. Are Preformed Fibrils a Model of Parkinson's Disease? JOURNAL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2024:JPD240228. [PMID: 39031387 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-240228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
Pre-formed fibrils (PFFs) made from recombinant α-synuclein are broadly used throughout the field in cellular and animal models of Parkinson's disease. However, their ability to successfully recapitulate disease biology is a controversial topic. In this article, two researchers debate this issue with Amanda Woerman taking the view that PFFs are a model of synucleinopathy but not Parkinson's disease, while Kelvin Luk defends their use as an important tool in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L Woerman
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Prion Research Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Kelvin C Luk
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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2
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Bergasa-Caceres F, Rabitz HA. A Perspective on Interdicting in Protein Misfolding for Therapeutic Drug Design: Modulating the Formation of Nonlocal Contacts in α-Synuclein as a Strategy against Parkinson's Disease. J Phys Chem B 2024; 128:6439-6448. [PMID: 38940731 PMCID: PMC11247489 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c07519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
In recent work we proposed that interdiction in the earliest contact-formation events along the folding pathway of key viral proteins could provide a novel avenue for therapeutic drug design. In this Perspective we explore the potential applicability of the protein folding interdiction strategy in the realm of neurodegenerative diseases with a specific focus on synucleinopathies. In order to fulfill this goal we review the interdiction proposal and its practical challenges, and we present new results concerning design strategies for possible peptide drugs that could be useful in preventing α-synuclein aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Herschel A. Rabitz
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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3
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Li J, Ng KW, Sung CC, Chung KKK. The role of age-associated alpha-synuclein aggregation in a conditional transgenic mouse model of Parkinson's disease: Implications for Lewy body formation. J Neurochem 2024; 168:1215-1236. [PMID: 38693066 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.16122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder that is affecting an increasing number of older adults. Although PD is mostly sporadic, genetic mutations have been found in cohorts of families with a history of familial PD (FPD). The first such mutation linked to FPD causes a point mutation (A53T) in α-synuclein (α-syn), a major component of Lewy bodies, which are a classical pathological hallmark of PD. These findings suggest that α-syn is an important contributor to the development of PD. In our previous study, we developed an adenoviral mouse model of PD and showed that the expression of wild-type (WT) α-syn or a mutant form with an increased propensity to aggregate, designated as WT-CL1 α-syn, could be used to study how α-syn aggregation contributes to PD. In this study, we established a transgenic mouse model that conditionally expresses WT or WT-CL1 α-syn in dopaminergic (DA) neurons and found that the expression of either WT or WT-CL1 α-syn was associated with an age-dependent degeneration of DA neurons and movement dysfunction. Using this model, we were able to monitor the process of α-syn aggregate formation and found a correlation between age and the number and sizes of α-syn aggregates formed. These results provide a potential mechanism by which age-dependent α-syn aggregation may lead to the formation of Lewy bodies in PD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahua Li
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ka Wai Ng
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chun Chau Sung
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kenny K K Chung
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
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4
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Wen X, Xu H, Woolley PR, Conway OM, Yao J, Matouschek A, Lambowitz AM, Paull TT. Senataxin deficiency disrupts proteostasis through nucleolar ncRNA-driven protein aggregation. J Cell Biol 2024; 223:e202309036. [PMID: 38717338 PMCID: PMC11080644 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202309036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Senataxin is an evolutionarily conserved RNA-DNA helicase involved in DNA repair and transcription termination that is associated with human neurodegenerative disorders. Here, we investigated whether Senataxin loss affects protein homeostasis based on previous work showing R-loop-driven accumulation of DNA damage and protein aggregates in human cells. We find that Senataxin loss results in the accumulation of insoluble proteins, including many factors known to be prone to aggregation in neurodegenerative disorders. These aggregates are located primarily in the nucleolus and are promoted by upregulation of non-coding RNAs expressed from the intergenic spacer region of ribosomal DNA. We also map sites of R-loop accumulation in human cells lacking Senataxin and find higher RNA-DNA hybrids within the ribosomal DNA, peri-centromeric regions, and other intergenic sites but not at annotated protein-coding genes. These findings indicate that Senataxin loss affects the solubility of the proteome through the regulation of transcription-dependent lesions in the nucleus and the nucleolus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Wen
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Hengyi Xu
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Phillip R. Woolley
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Olivia M. Conway
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Jun Yao
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Andreas Matouschek
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Alan M. Lambowitz
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Department of Oncology, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Tanya T. Paull
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Department of Oncology, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
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5
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Li B, Xiao X, Bi M, Jiao Q, Chen X, Yan C, Du X, Jiang H. Modulating α-synuclein propagation and decomposition: Implications in Parkinson's disease therapy. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 98:102319. [PMID: 38719160 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
α-Synuclein (α-Syn) is closely related to the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). Under pathological conditions, the conformation of α-syn changes and different forms of α-syn lead to neurotoxicity. According to Braak stages, α-syn can propagate in different brain regions, inducing neurodegeneration and corresponding clinical manifestations through abnormal aggregation of Lewy bodies (LBs) and lewy axons in different types of neurons in PD. So far, PD lacks early diagnosis biomarkers, and treatments are mainly targeted at some clinical symptoms. There is no effective therapy to delay the progression of PD. This review first summarized the role of α-syn in physiological and pathological states, and the relationship between α-syn and PD. Then, we focused on the origin, secretion, aggregation, propagation and degradation of α-syn as well as the important regulatory factors in these processes systematically. Finally, we reviewed some potential drug candidates for alleviating the abnormal aggregation of α-syn in order to provide valuable targets for the treatment of PD to cope with the occurrence and progression of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beining Li
- School of Basic Medicine, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xue Xiao
- School of Basic Medicine, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Mingxia Bi
- School of Basic Medicine, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Qian Jiao
- School of Basic Medicine, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xi Chen
- School of Basic Medicine, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Chunling Yan
- School of Basic Medicine, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xixun Du
- School of Basic Medicine, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Hong Jiang
- School of Health and Life Sciences, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao 266113, China; School of Basic Medicine, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
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6
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Höfs L, Geißler-Lösch D, Wunderlich KM, Szegö EM, Van den Haute C, Baekelandt V, Hoyer W, Falkenburger BH. Evaluation of the Effect of β-Wrapin AS69 in a Mouse Model Based on Alpha-Synuclein Overexpression. Biomolecules 2024; 14:756. [PMID: 39062470 DOI: 10.3390/biom14070756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Aggregation of the protein α-Synuclein (αSyn) is a hallmark of Parkinson's disease (PD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and multiple systems atrophy, and alleviating the extent of αSyn pathology is an attractive strategy against neurodegeneration. The engineered binding protein β-wrapin AS69 binds monomeric αSyn. AS69 reduces primary and secondary nucleation as well as fibril elongation in vitro. It also mitigates aSyn pathology in a mouse model based on intrastriatal injection of aSyn pre-formed fibrils (PFFs). Since the PFF-based model does not represent all aspects of PD, we tested here whether AS69 can reduce neurodegeneration resulting from αSyn overexpression. Human A53T-αSyn was overexpressed in the mouse Substantia nigra (SN) by using recombinant adeno-associated viral vector (rAAV). AS69 was also expressed by rAAV transduction. Behavioral tests and immunofluorescence staining were used as outcomes. Transduction with rAAV-αSyn resulted in αSyn pathology as reported by phospho-αSyn staining and caused degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the SN. The co-expression of rAAV-AS69 did not reduce αSyn pathology or the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons. We conclude that αSyn monomer binding by rAAV-AS69 was insufficient to protect from aSyn pathology resulting from αSyn overexpression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lennart Höfs
- Department of Neurology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - David Geißler-Lösch
- Department of Neurology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Kristof M Wunderlich
- Department of Neurology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Eva M Szegö
- Department of Neurology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Chris Van den Haute
- Leuven Viral Vector Core, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Veerle Baekelandt
- Leuven Viral Vector Core, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wolfgang Hoyer
- Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-7), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Björn H Falkenburger
- Department of Neurology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), 01307 Dresden, Germany
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7
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Masato A, Andolfo A, Favetta G, Bellini EN, Cogo S, Dalla Valle L, Boassa D, Greggio E, Plotegher N, Bubacco L. Sequestosome-1 (SQSTM1/p62) as a target in dopamine catabolite-mediated cellular dyshomeostasis. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:424. [PMID: 38890356 PMCID: PMC11189528 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06763-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Alterations in the dopamine catabolic pathway are known to contribute to the degeneration of nigrostriatal neurons in Parkinson's disease (PD). The progressive cellular buildup of the highly reactive intermediate 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetaldehye (DOPAL) generates protein cross-linking, oligomerization of the PD-linked αSynuclein (αSyn) and imbalance in protein quality control. In this scenario, the autophagic cargo sequestome-1 (SQSTM1/p62) emerges as a target of DOPAL-dependent oligomerization and accumulation in cytosolic clusters. Although DOPAL-induced oxidative stress and activation of the Nrf2 pathway promote p62 expression, p62 oligomerization rather seems to be a consequence of direct DOPAL modification. DOPAL-induced p62 clusters are positive for ubiquitin and accumulate within lysosomal-related structures, likely affecting the autophagy-lysosomal functionality. Finally, p62 oligomerization and clustering is synergistically augmented by DOPAL-induced αSyn buildup. Hence, the substantial impact on p62 proteostasis caused by DOPAL appears of relevance for dopaminergic neurodegeneration, in which the progressive failure of degradative pathways and the deposition of proteins like αSyn, ubiquitin and p62 in inclusion bodies represent a major trait of PD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Masato
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- UK Dementia Research Institute at University College London, London, UK
| | - Annapaola Andolfo
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility (ProMeFa), Center for Omics Sciences (COSR), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Favetta
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Edoardo Niccolò Bellini
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility (ProMeFa), Center for Omics Sciences (COSR), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Susanna Cogo
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | | | - Daniela Boassa
- Department of Neurosciences and National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Elisa Greggio
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Centro Studi per la Neurodegenerazione (CESNE), University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Plotegher
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Centro Studi per la Neurodegenerazione (CESNE), University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Luigi Bubacco
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
- Centro Studi per la Neurodegenerazione (CESNE), University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
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Maltseva S, Kerr D, Turke M, Adams EJ, Lee KYC. Parkinson's disease-associated mutations in α-synuclein alters its lipid-bound state. Biophys J 2024; 123:1610-1619. [PMID: 38702883 PMCID: PMC11213968 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2024.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Lipid-binding properties of α-synuclein play a central role in protein aggregation and progression of Parkinson's disease (PD). α-Synuclein, an intrinsically disordered protein, binds to lipid membranes through the formation of two amphipathic helices that insert into the lipid bilayer. All disease-associated single point mutations have been identified to be within these helical regions of α-synuclein: V15A, A30P, E46K, H50Q, G51D, A53T, and A53V. However, the effects of these mutations on the bound states of the two α helices of the protein have yet to be fully characterized. In this report, we use a tryptophan fluorescence assay to measure the binding of the α helices of these PD-associated mutants to lipid membranes within the lipid-depletion regime. We characterize the binding behavior of each helix, revealing that, generally, the PD-associated mutants shift the equilibrium bound state away from the N-terminal helix of the protein toward helix 2 at lower lipid concentrations. Altogether, our results indicate that disruption to the equilibrium binding of the two α helices of α-synuclein could play a role in PD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofiya Maltseva
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Daniel Kerr
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Miah Turke
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Erin J Adams
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ka Yee C Lee
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
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Karim MR, Gasparini E, Tiegs E, Schlichte R, Vermilyea SC, Lee MK. Internalized α-synuclein fibrils become truncated and resist degradation in neurons while glial cells rapidly degrade α-synuclein fibrils. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.05.597615. [PMID: 38895363 PMCID: PMC11185753 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.05.597615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) and other α-synucleinopathies are characterized by the accumulation of α-synuclein (αS) pathology that can spread via the cell-to-cell transmission of αS aggregates. To better understand how various brain cells contribute to the spreading of αS pathology, we examined the metabolism of αS aggreges or pre-formed fibrils (PFFs) in neuronal and glial cells (microglia, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes). In neurons, while the full-length αS rapidly disappeared following αS PFF uptake, truncated αS accumulated with a half-life of days rather than hours. Epitope mapping and fractionation studies indicate that αS PFF was truncated at the C-terminal region following uptake and remained insoluble/aggregated. In contrast, microglia and astrocytes rapidly metabolized αS PFF as the half-lives of αS PFF in these glial cells were <6 hours. Differential processing of αS by neurons was recapitulated in cell lines as differentiated CLU neuronal cell lines stably accumulate truncated αS while undifferentiated cells rapidly metabolize αS. Immunolocalization and subcellular fractionation studies show that internalized αS PFF is initially localized to endosomes followed by lysosomes. The lysosome is largely responsible for the degradation of internalized αS PFF as the inhibition of lysosomal function leads to the stabilization of αS in all cell types. Significantly, αS PFF causes lysosomal dysfunction in neurons. In summary, we show that neurons are inefficient in metabolizing internalized αS aggregates, partially because αS aggregates cause lysosomal dysfunction, potentially generating aggregation-prone truncated αS. In contrast, glial cells may protect neurons from αS aggregates by rapidly clearing αS aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Razaul Karim
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55414, USA
- Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55414, USA
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD
| | - Emilie Gasparini
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55414, USA
- Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55414, USA
| | - Elizabeth Tiegs
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55414, USA
- Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55414, USA
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD
| | - Riley Schlichte
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55414, USA
- Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55414, USA
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD
| | - Scott C. Vermilyea
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55414, USA
- Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55414, USA
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD
| | - Michael K. Lee
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55414, USA
- Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55414, USA
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD
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Holfeld A, Schuster D, Sesterhenn F, Gillingham AK, Stalder P, Haenseler W, Barrio-Hernandez I, Ghosh D, Vowles J, Cowley SA, Nagel L, Khanppnavar B, Serdiuk T, Beltrao P, Korkhov VM, Munro S, Riek R, de Souza N, Picotti P. Systematic identification of structure-specific protein-protein interactions. Mol Syst Biol 2024; 20:651-675. [PMID: 38702390 PMCID: PMC11148107 DOI: 10.1038/s44320-024-00037-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The physical interactome of a protein can be altered upon perturbation, modulating cell physiology and contributing to disease. Identifying interactome differences of normal and disease states of proteins could help understand disease mechanisms, but current methods do not pinpoint structure-specific PPIs and interaction interfaces proteome-wide. We used limited proteolysis-mass spectrometry (LiP-MS) to screen for structure-specific PPIs by probing for protease susceptibility changes of proteins in cellular extracts upon treatment with specific structural states of a protein. We first demonstrated that LiP-MS detects well-characterized PPIs, including antibody-target protein interactions and interactions with membrane proteins, and that it pinpoints interfaces, including epitopes. We then applied the approach to study conformation-specific interactors of the Parkinson's disease hallmark protein alpha-synuclein (aSyn). We identified known interactors of aSyn monomer and amyloid fibrils and provide a resource of novel putative conformation-specific aSyn interactors for validation in further studies. We also used our approach on GDP- and GTP-bound forms of two Rab GTPases, showing detection of differential candidate interactors of conformationally similar proteins. This approach is applicable to screen for structure-specific interactomes of any protein, including posttranslationally modified and unmodified, or metabolite-bound and unbound protein states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleš Holfeld
- Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dina Schuster
- Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Division of Biology and Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Fabian Sesterhenn
- Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Patrick Stalder
- Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Walther Haenseler
- Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- University Research Priority Program AdaBD (Adaptive Brain Circuits in Development and Learning), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Inigo Barrio-Hernandez
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
- Open Targets, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Dhiman Ghosh
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jane Vowles
- James and Lillian Martin Centre for Stem Cell Research, Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sally A Cowley
- James and Lillian Martin Centre for Stem Cell Research, Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Luise Nagel
- Cluster of Excellence Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Basavraj Khanppnavar
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Division of Biology and Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Tetiana Serdiuk
- Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pedro Beltrao
- Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Volodymyr M Korkhov
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Division of Biology and Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Sean Munro
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | - Roland Riek
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Natalie de Souza
- Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Quantitative Biomedicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Paola Picotti
- Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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11
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Laursen ALS, Olesen MV, Folke J, Brudek T, Knecht LH, Sotty F, Lambertsen KL, Fog K, Dalgaard LT, Aznar S. Systemic inflammation activates coagulation and immune cell infiltration pathways in brains with propagating α-synuclein fibril aggregates. Mol Cell Neurosci 2024; 129:103931. [PMID: 38508542 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2024.103931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Synucleinopathies are a group of diseases characterized by brain aggregates of α-synuclein (α-syn). The gradual accumulation of α-syn and the role of inflammation in early-stage pathogenesis remain poorly understood. We explored this interaction by inducing chronic inflammation in a common pre-clinical synucleinopathy mouse model. Three weeks post unilateral intra-striatal injections of human α-syn pre-formed fibrils (PFF), mice underwent repeated intraperitoneal injections of 1 mg/ml lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for 3 weeks. Histological examinations of the ipsilateral site showed phospho-α-syn regional spread and LPS-induced neutrophil recruitment to the brain vasculature. Biochemical assessment of the contralateral site confirmed spreading of α-syn aggregation to frontal cortex and a rise in intracerebral TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-10 and KC/GRO cytokines levels due to LPS. No LPS-induced exacerbation of α-syn pathology load was observed at this stage. Proteomic analysis was performed contralateral to the PFF injection site using LC-MS/MS. Subsequent downstream Reactome Gene-Set Analysis indicated that α-syn pathology alters mitochondrial metabolism and synaptic signaling. Chronic LPS-induced inflammation further lead to an overrepresentation of pathways related to fibrin clotting as well as integrin and B cell receptor signaling. Western blotting confirmed a PFF-induced increase in fibrinogen brain levels and a PFF + LPS increase in Iba1 levels, indicating activated microglia. Splenocyte profiling revealed changes in T and B cells, monocytes, and neutrophils populations due to LPS treatment in PFF injected animals. In summary, early α-syn pathology impacts energy homeostasis pathways, synaptic signaling and brain fibrinogen levels. Concurrent mild systemic inflammation may prime brain immune pathways in interaction with peripheral immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Line Strange Laursen
- Centre for Neuroscience & Stereology, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Nielsine Nielsens Vej 6B, DK-2400, Copenhagen, NV, Denmark; Copenhagen Center for Translational Research, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Nielsine Nielsens Vej 4B, DK-2400, Copenhagen, NV, Denmark; Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Universitetsvej 1, DK-4000, Roskilde, Denmark.
| | - Mikkel Vestergaard Olesen
- Centre for Neuroscience & Stereology, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Nielsine Nielsens Vej 6B, DK-2400, Copenhagen, NV, Denmark; Copenhagen Center for Translational Research, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Nielsine Nielsens Vej 4B, DK-2400, Copenhagen, NV, Denmark.
| | - Jonas Folke
- Centre for Neuroscience & Stereology, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Nielsine Nielsens Vej 6B, DK-2400, Copenhagen, NV, Denmark; Copenhagen Center for Translational Research, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Nielsine Nielsens Vej 4B, DK-2400, Copenhagen, NV, Denmark.
| | - Tomasz Brudek
- Centre for Neuroscience & Stereology, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Nielsine Nielsens Vej 6B, DK-2400, Copenhagen, NV, Denmark; Copenhagen Center for Translational Research, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Nielsine Nielsens Vej 4B, DK-2400, Copenhagen, NV, Denmark.
| | - Luisa Harriet Knecht
- Centre for Neuroscience & Stereology, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Nielsine Nielsens Vej 6B, DK-2400, Copenhagen, NV, Denmark; Copenhagen Center for Translational Research, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Nielsine Nielsens Vej 4B, DK-2400, Copenhagen, NV, Denmark.
| | | | - Kate Lykke Lambertsen
- Department of Neurobiology Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsløwsvej 21-25, DK-5000, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Odense University Hospital, J.B. Winsløwsvej 4, Odense, Denmark; BRIDGE - Brain-Research-Inter-Disciplinary Guided Excellence, Department of Clinical Institute, University of Southern Denmark, Winsløwparken 19, Odense, Denmark.
| | - Karina Fog
- H. Lundbeck A/S, Ottiliavej 9, DK-2500, Valby, Denmark.
| | - Louise Torp Dalgaard
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Universitetsvej 1, DK-4000, Roskilde, Denmark.
| | - Susana Aznar
- Centre for Neuroscience & Stereology, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Nielsine Nielsens Vej 6B, DK-2400, Copenhagen, NV, Denmark; Copenhagen Center for Translational Research, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Nielsine Nielsens Vej 4B, DK-2400, Copenhagen, NV, Denmark.
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12
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Yaow CYL, Hong ASY, Chong NZY, Chong RIH, Mai AS, Tan EK. Risk of Parkinson's disease in hepatitis B and C populations: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2024; 131:609-616. [PMID: 37899363 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-023-02705-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder, and its association with viral hepatitis has been debated. We performed a meta-analysis to examine the association between PD risk and viral hepatitis. Medline, EMBASE, and the Cochrane library were searched from inception till July 2022. Meta-analysis was conducted using a fixed-effect model with the inverse variance method. Three groups were compared to controls: infection with either hepatitis B or C virus (HBV and HCV, respectively), or coinfection with both viruses. We found 551 records, and six studies comprising of 2,566,947 patients were included in the analysis. PD risk was increased in HCV-infected population (OR 1.10, 95% CI 1.03-1.17, p = 0.005) and (HR 1.37, 95% CI 1.26-1.49, p < 0.001). This increase was not observed for the HBV-infected and HBV-HCV-coinfected coinfection populations. For pooled OR, the risk was significantly lower in HBV-infected (OR 0.79, 95% CI 0.76-0.83, p < 0.001) but not significantly different in HBV-HCV-coinfected populations (OR 0.96, 95% CI 0.82-1.12, p = 0.57). For pooled HR, the risk was significantly higher in both HBV-infected (HR 1.22, 95% CI 1.14-1.31, p < 0.001) and HBV-HCV-coinfected populations (HR 1.29, 95% CI 1.05-1.58, p = 0.013). We found that the risk of PD was increased in the HCV-infected population, but results were inconsistent in those with HBV and HBV-HCV infections. Our findings provide impetus for further clinical and functional studies to unravel the role of the adaptive immune system in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clyve Yu Leon Yaow
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | - Ryan Ian Houe Chong
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Aaron Shengting Mai
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Eng-King Tan
- Department of Neurology, Singapore General Hospital Campus, National Neuroscience Institute, Duke NUS Medical School, Outram Road, Singapore, 169608, Singapore.
- Neuroscience and Behavioural Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.
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13
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Zhao YD, Zhang W, Xing LZ, Xu J, Shi WM, Zhang YX. In vitro inhibition of α-Synuclein aggregation and disaggregation of preformed fibers by polyphenol hybrids with 2-conjugated benzothiazole. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2024; 105:129752. [PMID: 38631541 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2024.129752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
The misfolding and aggregation of α-Syn play a pivotal role in connecting diverse pathological pathways in Parkinson's disease (PD). Preserving α-Syn proteostasis and functionality by inhibiting its aggregation or disaggregating existing aggregates using suitable inhibitors represents a promising strategy for PD prevention and treatment. In this study, a series of benzothiazole-polyphenol hybrids was designed and synthesized. Three identified compounds exhibited notable inhibitory activities against α-Syn aggregation in vitro, with IC50 values in the low micromolar range. These inhibitors demonstrated sustained inhibitory effects throughout the entire aggregation process, stabilizing α-Syn proteostasis conformation. Moreover, the compounds effectively disintegrated preformed α-Syn oligomers and fibers, potentially by binding to specific domains within the fibers, inducing fibril instability, collapse, and ultimately resulting in smaller-sized aggregates and monomers. These findings offer valuable insights into the therapeutic potential of polyphenol hybrids with 2-conjugated benzothiazole targeting α-Syn aggregation in the treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Dong Zhao
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Daxue Road 75, 450052 Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Daxue Road 75, 450052 Zhengzhou, China
| | - Li-Zi Xing
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Daxue Road 75, 450052 Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ji Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Kexue Road 100, 450001 Zhengzhou, China; Neuroscience Research Institute, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Kexue Road 100, 450001 Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Wei-Min Shi
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Daxue Road 75, 450052 Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Yun-Xiao Zhang
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Daxue Road 75, 450052 Zhengzhou, China.
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14
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Choi SG, Tittle T, Garcia-Prada D, Kordower JH, Melki R, Killinger BA. Alpha-synuclein aggregates are phosphatase resistant. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2024; 12:84. [PMID: 38822421 PMCID: PMC11141014 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-024-01785-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Alpha-synuclein (αsyn) is an intrinsically disordered protein that aggregates in the brain in several neurodegenerative diseases collectively called synucleinopathies. Phosphorylation of αsyn at serine 129 (PSER129) was considered rare in the healthy human brain but is enriched in pathological αsyn aggregates and is used as a specific marker for disease inclusions. However, recent observations challenge this assumption by demonstrating that PSER129 results from neuronal activity and can be readily detected in the non-diseased mammalian brain. Here, we investigated experimental conditions under which two distinct PSER129 pools, namely endogenous-PSER129 and aggregated-PSER129, could be detected and differentiated in the mammalian brain. Results showed that in the wild-type (WT) mouse brain, perfusion fixation conditions greatly influenced the detection of endogenous-PSER129, with endogenous-PSER129 being nearly undetectable after delayed perfusion fixation (30-min and 1-h postmortem interval). Exposure to anesthetics (e.g., Ketamine or xylazine) before perfusion did not significantly influence endogenous-PSER129 detection or levels. In situ, non-specific phosphatase calf alkaline phosphatase (CIAP) selectively dephosphorylated endogenous-PSER129 while αsyn preformed fibril (PFF)-seeded aggregates and genuine disease aggregates (Lewy pathology and Papp-Lantos bodies in Parkinson's disease and multiple systems atrophy brain, respectively) were resistant to CIAP-mediated dephosphorylation. The phosphatase resistance of aggregates was abolished by sample denaturation, and CIAP-resistant PSER129 was closely associated with proteinase K (PK)-resistant αsyn (i.e., a marker of aggregation). CIAP pretreatment allowed for highly specific detection of seeded αsyn aggregates in a mouse model that accumulates non-aggregated-PSER129. We conclude that αsyn aggregates are impervious to phosphatases, and CIAP pretreatment increases detection specificity for aggregated-PSER129, particularly in well-preserved biological samples (e.g., perfusion fixed or flash-frozen mammalian tissues) where there is a high probability of interference from endogenous-PSER129. Our findings have important implications for the mechanism of PSER129-accumulation in the synucleinopathy brain and provide a simple experimental method to differentiate endogenous-from aggregated PSER129.
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Affiliation(s)
- S G Choi
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - T Tittle
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - D Garcia-Prada
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - J H Kordower
- ASU-Banner Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center and School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - R Melki
- Institut François Jacob (MIRCen), CEA and Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases (CNRS), Fontenay-Aux-Roses, France
| | - B A Killinger
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.
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15
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Chau CC, Maffeo CM, Aksimentiev A, Radford SE, Hewitt EW, Actis P. Single molecule delivery into living cells. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4403. [PMID: 38782907 PMCID: PMC11116494 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48608-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Controlled manipulation of cultured cells by delivery of exogenous macromolecules is a cornerstone of experimental biology. Here we describe a platform that uses nanopipettes to deliver defined numbers of macromolecules into cultured cell lines and primary cells at single molecule resolution. In the nanoinjection platform, the nanopipette is used as both a scanning ion conductance microscope (SICM) probe and an injection probe. The SICM is used to position the nanopipette above the cell surface before the nanopipette is inserted into the cell into a defined location and to a predefined depth. We demonstrate that the nanoinjection platform enables the quantitative delivery of DNA, globular proteins, and protein fibrils into cells with single molecule resolution and that delivery results in a phenotypic change in the cell that depends on the identity of the molecules introduced. Using experiments and computational modeling, we also show that macromolecular crowding in the cell increases the signal-to-noise ratio for the detection of translocation events, thus the cell itself enhances the detection of the molecules delivered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chalmers C Chau
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering and Pollard Institute, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
- Bragg Centre for Materials Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Christopher M Maffeo
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Aleksei Aksimentiev
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Sheena E Radford
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Eric W Hewitt
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
| | - Paolo Actis
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering and Pollard Institute, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
- Bragg Centre for Materials Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
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16
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Lumpkin CJ, Patel H, Potts GK, Chaurasia S, Gibilisco L, Srivastava GP, Lee JY, Brown NJ, Amarante P, Williams JD, Karran E, Townsend M, Woods D, Ravikumar B. Broad proteomics analysis of seeding-induced aggregation of α-synuclein in M83 neurons reveals remodeling of proteostasis mechanisms that might contribute to Parkinson's disease pathogenesis. Mol Brain 2024; 17:26. [PMID: 38778381 PMCID: PMC11110445 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-024-01099-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Aggregation of misfolded α-synuclein (α-syn) is a key characteristic feature of Parkinson's disease (PD) and related synucleinopathies. The nature of these aggregates and their contribution to cellular dysfunction is still not clearly elucidated. We employed mass spectrometry-based total and phospho-proteomics to characterize the underlying molecular and biological changes due to α-syn aggregation using the M83 mouse primary neuronal model of PD. We identified gross changes in the proteome that coincided with the formation of large Lewy body-like α-syn aggregates in these neurons. We used protein-protein interaction (PPI)-based network analysis to identify key protein clusters modulating specific biological pathways that may be dysregulated and identified several mechanisms that regulate protein homeostasis (proteostasis). The observed changes in the proteome may include both homeostatic compensation and dysregulation due to α-syn aggregation and a greater understanding of both processes and their role in α-syn-related proteostasis may lead to improved therapeutic options for patients with PD and related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey J Lumpkin
- AbbVie, Cambridge Research Center, 200 Sidney Street Cambridge, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Laboratory of Aging and Infertility Research, Department of Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hiral Patel
- AbbVie, Cambridge Research Center, 200 Sidney Street Cambridge, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Gregory K Potts
- Discovery Research, AbbVie Inc, 1 North Waukegan Rd, North Chicago, IL, 60064, USA
| | - Shilpi Chaurasia
- Excelra Knowledge Solutions Pvt Ltd, Uppal, Hyderabad, India, 500039
| | - Lauren Gibilisco
- Genomics Research Center, Computational Biology Neuroscience, AbbVie, Cambridge Research Center, 200 Sidney Street, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Gyan P Srivastava
- Data & Statistical Sciences, AbbVie, Cambridge Research Center, 200 Sidney Street, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Janice Y Lee
- Discovery Research, AbbVie Inc, 1 North Waukegan Rd, North Chicago, IL, 60064, USA
| | - Nathan J Brown
- Biotherapeutics, AbbVie Bioresearch Center, 100 Research Drive, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Patricia Amarante
- AbbVie, Cambridge Research Center, 200 Sidney Street Cambridge, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Jon D Williams
- Discovery Research, AbbVie Inc, 1 North Waukegan Rd, North Chicago, IL, 60064, USA
| | - Eric Karran
- AbbVie, Cambridge Research Center, 200 Sidney Street Cambridge, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Matthew Townsend
- AbbVie, Cambridge Research Center, 200 Sidney Street Cambridge, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Dori Woods
- Laboratory of Aging and Infertility Research, Department of Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
| | - Brinda Ravikumar
- AbbVie, Cambridge Research Center, 200 Sidney Street Cambridge, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
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17
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Schwab K, Frahm S, Magbagbeolu M, Horsley D, Goatman EA, Melis V, Theuring F, Ishaq A, Storey JMD, Harrington CR, Wischik CM, Riedel G. LETC inhibits α-Syn aggregation and ameliorates motor deficiencies in the L62 mouse model of synucleinopathy. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 970:176505. [PMID: 38503400 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Alpha-Synuclein (α-Syn) aggregation is a pathological feature of synucleinopathies, neurodegenerative disorders that include Parkinson's disease (PD). Here, we explored the efficacy of N,N,N',N'-tetraethyl-10H-phenothiazine-3,7-diamine dihydrochloride (LETC), a protein aggregation inhibitor, on α-Syn aggregation. In both cellular models and transgenic mice, α-Syn aggregation was achieved by the overexpression of full-length human α-Syn fused with a signal sequence peptide. α-Syn accumulated in transfected DH60.21 neuroblastoma cells and α-Syn aggregation was inhibited by LETC with an EC50 of 0.066 ± 0.047 μM. Full-length human α-Syn overexpressing Line 62 (L62) mice accumulated neuronal α-Syn that was associated with a decreased motor performance in the open field and automated home cage. LETC, administered orally for 6 weeks at 10 mg/kg significantly decreased α-Syn-positive neurons in multiple brain regions and this resulted in a rescue of movement deficits in the open field in these mice. LETC however, did not improve activity deficits of L62 mice in the home cage environment. The results suggest that LETC may provide a potential disease modification therapy in synucleinopathies through the inhibition of α-Syn aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karima Schwab
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK; Institute of Pharmacology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Hessische Str. 3-4, 10115, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Silke Frahm
- Institute of Pharmacology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Hessische Str. 3-4, 10115, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mandy Magbagbeolu
- Institute of Pharmacology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Hessische Str. 3-4, 10115, Berlin, Germany
| | - David Horsley
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Elizabeth A Goatman
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Valeria Melis
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Franz Theuring
- Institute of Pharmacology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Hessische Str. 3-4, 10115, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ahtsham Ishaq
- Department of Chemistry, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - John M D Storey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK; TauRx Therapeutics Ltd., 395 King Street, Aberdeen, AB24 5RP, UK
| | - Charles R Harrington
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK; TauRx Therapeutics Ltd., 395 King Street, Aberdeen, AB24 5RP, UK
| | - Claude M Wischik
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK; TauRx Therapeutics Ltd., 395 King Street, Aberdeen, AB24 5RP, UK
| | - Gernot Riedel
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK
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18
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Balana AT, Mahul-Mellier AL, Nguyen BA, Horvath M, Javed A, Hard ER, Jasiqi Y, Singh P, Afrin S, Pedretti R, Singh V, Lee VMY, Luk KC, Saelices L, Lashuel HA, Pratt MR. O-GlcNAc forces an α-synuclein amyloid strain with notably diminished seeding and pathology. Nat Chem Biol 2024; 20:646-655. [PMID: 38347213 PMCID: PMC11062923 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-024-01551-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Amyloid-forming proteins such α-synuclein and tau, which are implicated in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, can form different fibril structures or strains with distinct toxic properties, seeding activities and pathology. Understanding the determinants contributing to the formation of different amyloid features could open new avenues for developing disease-specific diagnostics and therapies. Here we report that O-GlcNAc modification of α-synuclein monomers results in the formation of amyloid fibril with distinct core structure, as revealed by cryogenic electron microscopy, and diminished seeding activity in seeding-based neuronal and rodent models of Parkinson's disease. Although the mechanisms underpinning the seeding neutralization activity of the O-GlcNAc-modified fibrils remain unclear, our in vitro mechanistic studies indicate that heat shock proteins interactions with O-GlcNAc fibril inhibit their seeding activity, suggesting that the O-GlcNAc modification may alter the interactome of the α-synuclein fibrils in ways that lead to reduce seeding activity in vivo. Our results show that posttranslational modifications, such as O-GlcNAc modification, of α-synuclein are key determinants of α-synuclein amyloid strains and pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron T Balana
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Anne-Laure Mahul-Mellier
- Laboratory of Molecular and Chemical Biology of Neurodegeneration, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Binh A Nguyen
- Center for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Biophysics, Peter O'Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Mian Horvath
- The Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute on Aging and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, the Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Afraah Javed
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Eldon R Hard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yllza Jasiqi
- Laboratory of Molecular and Chemical Biology of Neurodegeneration, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Preeti Singh
- Center for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Biophysics, Peter O'Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Shumaila Afrin
- Center for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Biophysics, Peter O'Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Rose Pedretti
- Center for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Biophysics, Peter O'Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Virender Singh
- Center for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Biophysics, Peter O'Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Virginia M-Y Lee
- The Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute on Aging and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, the Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kelvin C Luk
- The Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute on Aging and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, the Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lorena Saelices
- Center for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Biophysics, Peter O'Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Hilal A Lashuel
- Laboratory of Molecular and Chemical Biology of Neurodegeneration, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Matthew R Pratt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Department Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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19
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Qin P, Sun Y, Li L. Mitochondrial dysfunction in chronic neuroinflammatory diseases (Review). Int J Mol Med 2024; 53:47. [PMID: 38577947 PMCID: PMC10999227 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2024.5371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic neuroinflammation serves a key role in the onset and progression of neurodegenerative disorders. Mitochondria serve as central regulators of neuroinflammation. In addition to providing energy to cells, mitochondria also participate in the immunoinflammatory response of neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis and epilepsy, by regulating processes such as cell death and inflammasome activation. Under inflammatory conditions, mitochondrial oxidative stress, epigenetics, mitochondrial dynamics and calcium homeostasis imbalance may serve as underlying regulatory mechanisms for these diseases. Therefore, investigating mechanisms related to mitochondrial dysfunction may result in therapeutic strategies against chronic neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. The present review summarizes the mechanisms of mitochondria in chronic neuroinflammatory diseases and the current treatment approaches that target mitochondrial dysfunction in these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Qin
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116000, P.R. China
| | - Ye Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116000, P.R. China
| | - Liya Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116000, P.R. China
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20
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Zhang C, Bo R, Zhou T, Chen N, Yuan Y. The raphe nuclei are the early lesion site of gastric α-synuclein propagation to the substantia nigra. Acta Pharm Sin B 2024; 14:2057-2076. [PMID: 38799632 PMCID: PMC11119576 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2024.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegeneration disease with α-synuclein accumulated in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) and most of the dopaminergic neurons are lost in SNpc while patients are diagnosed with PD. Exploring the pathology at an early stage contributes to the development of the disease-modifying strategy. Although the "gut-brain" hypothesis is proposed to explain the underlying mechanism, where the earlier lesioned site in the brain of gastric α-synuclein and how α-synuclein further spreads are not fully understood. Here we report that caudal raphe nuclei (CRN) are the early lesion site of gastric α-synuclein propagating through the spinal cord, while locus coeruleus (LC) and substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) were further affected over a time frame of 7 months. Pathological α-synuclein propagation via CRN leads to neuron loss and disordered neuron activity, accompanied by abnormal motor and non-motor behavior. Potential neuron circuits are observed among CRN, LC, and SNpc, which contribute to the venerability of dopaminergic neurons in SNpc. These results show that CRN is the key region for the gastric α-synuclein spread to the midbrain. Our study provides valuable details for the "gut-brain" hypothesis and proposes a valuable PD model for future research on early PD intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tiantian Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College Institute of Materia Medica, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Naihong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College Institute of Materia Medica, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yuhe Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College Institute of Materia Medica, Beijing 100050, China
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21
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Stillman NH, Joseph JA, Ahmed J, Baysah CZ, Dohoney RA, Ball TD, Thomas AG, Fitch TC, Donnelly CM, Kumar S. Protein mimetic 2D FAST rescues alpha synuclein aggregation mediated early and post disease Parkinson's phenotypes. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3658. [PMID: 38688913 PMCID: PMC11061149 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47980-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Abberent protein-protein interactions potentiate many diseases and one example is the toxic, self-assembly of α-Synuclein in the dopaminergic neurons of patients with Parkinson's disease; therefore, a potential therapeutic strategy is the small molecule modulation of α-Synuclein aggregation. In this work, we develop an Oligopyridylamide based 2-dimensional Fragment-Assisted Structure-based Technique to identify antagonists of α-Synuclein aggregation. The technique utilizes a fragment-based screening of an extensive array of non-proteinogenic side chains in Oligopyridylamides, leading to the identification of NS132 as an antagonist of the multiple facets of α-Synuclein aggregation. We further identify a more cell permeable analog (NS163) without sacrificing activity. Oligopyridylamides rescue α-Synuclein aggregation mediated Parkinson's disease phenotypes in dopaminergic neurons in early and post disease Caenorhabditis elegans models. We forsee tremendous potential in our technique to identify lead therapeutics for Parkinson's disease and other diseases as it is expandable to other oligoamide scaffolds and a larger array of side chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas H Stillman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, F.W. Olin Hall, 2190 E Iliff Ave, University of Denver, Denver, CO, 80210, USA
- The Knoebel Institute for Healthy Aging, 2155 E. Wesley Ave, Suite 579, University of Denver, Denver, CO, 80208, USA
| | - Johnson A Joseph
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, F.W. Olin Hall, 2190 E Iliff Ave, University of Denver, Denver, CO, 80210, USA
- The Knoebel Institute for Healthy Aging, 2155 E. Wesley Ave, Suite 579, University of Denver, Denver, CO, 80208, USA
| | - Jemil Ahmed
- The Knoebel Institute for Healthy Aging, 2155 E. Wesley Ave, Suite 579, University of Denver, Denver, CO, 80208, USA
- Molecular and Cellular Biophysics Program, Boettcher West, Room 228, 2050 E. Iliff Ave, University of Denver, Denver, CO, 80210, USA
| | - Charles Zuwu Baysah
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, F.W. Olin Hall, 2190 E Iliff Ave, University of Denver, Denver, CO, 80210, USA
- The Knoebel Institute for Healthy Aging, 2155 E. Wesley Ave, Suite 579, University of Denver, Denver, CO, 80208, USA
| | - Ryan A Dohoney
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, F.W. Olin Hall, 2190 E Iliff Ave, University of Denver, Denver, CO, 80210, USA
- The Knoebel Institute for Healthy Aging, 2155 E. Wesley Ave, Suite 579, University of Denver, Denver, CO, 80208, USA
| | - Tyler D Ball
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, F.W. Olin Hall, 2190 E Iliff Ave, University of Denver, Denver, CO, 80210, USA
- The Knoebel Institute for Healthy Aging, 2155 E. Wesley Ave, Suite 579, University of Denver, Denver, CO, 80208, USA
| | - Alexandra G Thomas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, F.W. Olin Hall, 2190 E Iliff Ave, University of Denver, Denver, CO, 80210, USA
- The Knoebel Institute for Healthy Aging, 2155 E. Wesley Ave, Suite 579, University of Denver, Denver, CO, 80208, USA
| | - Tessa C Fitch
- The Knoebel Institute for Healthy Aging, 2155 E. Wesley Ave, Suite 579, University of Denver, Denver, CO, 80208, USA
| | - Courtney M Donnelly
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, F.W. Olin Hall, 2190 E Iliff Ave, University of Denver, Denver, CO, 80210, USA
- The Knoebel Institute for Healthy Aging, 2155 E. Wesley Ave, Suite 579, University of Denver, Denver, CO, 80208, USA
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, F.W. Olin Hall, 2190 E Iliff Ave, University of Denver, Denver, CO, 80210, USA.
- The Knoebel Institute for Healthy Aging, 2155 E. Wesley Ave, Suite 579, University of Denver, Denver, CO, 80208, USA.
- Molecular and Cellular Biophysics Program, Boettcher West, Room 228, 2050 E. Iliff Ave, University of Denver, Denver, CO, 80210, USA.
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22
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Chen S, Barritt JD, Cascella R, Bigi A, Cecchi C, Banchelli M, Gallo A, Jarvis JA, Chiti F, Dobson CM, Fusco G, De Simone A. Structure-Toxicity Relationship in Intermediate Fibrils from α-Synuclein Condensates. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:10537-10549. [PMID: 38567991 PMCID: PMC11027145 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c14703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
The aberrant aggregation of α-synuclein (αS) into amyloid fibrils is associated with a range of highly debilitating neurodegenerative conditions, including Parkinson's disease. Although the structural properties of mature amyloids of αS are currently understood, the nature of transient protofilaments and fibrils that appear during αS aggregation remains elusive. Using solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (ssNMR), cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM), and biophysical methods, we here characterized intermediate amyloid fibrils of αS forming during the aggregation from liquid-like spherical condensates to mature amyloids adopting the structure of pathologically observed aggregates. These transient amyloid intermediates, which induce significant levels of cytotoxicity when incubated with neuronal cells, were found to be stabilized by a small core in an antiparallel β-sheet conformation, with a disordered N-terminal region of the protein remaining available to mediate membrane binding. In contrast, mature amyloids that subsequently appear during the aggregation showed different structural and biological properties, including low levels of cytotoxicity, a rearranged structured core embedding also the N-terminal region, and a reduced propensity to interact with the membrane. The characterization of these two fibrillar forms of αS, and the use of antibodies and designed mutants, enabled us to clarify the role of critical structural elements endowing intermediate amyloid species with the ability to interact with membranes and induce cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serene
W. Chen
- Department
of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
| | - Joseph D. Barritt
- Department
of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
| | - Roberta Cascella
- Department
of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, University of Florence, Florence 50134, Italy
| | - Alessandra Bigi
- Department
of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, University of Florence, Florence 50134, Italy
| | - Cristina Cecchi
- Department
of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, University of Florence, Florence 50134, Italy
| | - Martina Banchelli
- Institute
of Applied Physics “Nello Carrara” National Research
Council of Italy, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence 50019, Italy
| | - Angelo Gallo
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Turin, Turin 10124, Italy
| | - James A. Jarvis
- Department
of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
- Randall
Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics and Centre for Biomolecular
Spectroscopy, King’s College London, London SE1 9RT, U.K.
| | - Fabrizio Chiti
- Department
of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, University of Florence, Florence 50134, Italy
| | | | - Giuliana Fusco
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Naples, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Alfonso De Simone
- Department
of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Naples, Naples 80131, Italy
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23
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Song N, Mei S, Wang X, Hu G, Lu M. Focusing on mitochondria in the brain: from biology to therapeutics. Transl Neurodegener 2024; 13:23. [PMID: 38632601 PMCID: PMC11022390 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-024-00409-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria have multiple functions such as supplying energy, regulating the redox status, and producing proteins encoded by an independent genome. They are closely related to the physiology and pathology of many organs and tissues, among which the brain is particularly prominent. The brain demands 20% of the resting metabolic rate and holds highly active mitochondrial activities. Considerable research shows that mitochondria are closely related to brain function, while mitochondrial defects induce or exacerbate pathology in the brain. In this review, we provide comprehensive research advances of mitochondrial biology involved in brain functions, as well as the mitochondria-dependent cellular events in brain physiology and pathology. Furthermore, various perspectives are explored to better identify the mitochondrial roles in neurological diseases and the neurophenotypes of mitochondrial diseases. Finally, mitochondrial therapies are discussed. Mitochondrial-targeting therapeutics are showing great potentials in the treatment of brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanshan Song
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Shuyuan Mei
- The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Xiangxu Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Neuroprotective Drug Discovery Key Laboratory, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Gang Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Neuroprotective Drug Discovery Key Laboratory, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
| | - Ming Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Neuroprotective Drug Discovery Key Laboratory, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
- Changzhou Second People's Hospital, Changzhou Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, 213000, China.
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24
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Pfeifer GP. DNA Damage and Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4187. [PMID: 38673772 PMCID: PMC11050701 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The etiology underlying most sporadic Parkinson's' disease (PD) cases is unknown. Environmental exposures have been suggested as putative causes of the disease. In cell models and in animal studies, certain chemicals can destroy dopaminergic neurons. However, the mechanisms of how these chemicals cause the death of neurons is not understood. Several of these agents are mitochondrial toxins that inhibit the mitochondrial complex I of the electron transport chain. Familial PD genes also encode proteins with important functions in mitochondria. Mitochondrial dysfunction of the respiratory chain, in combination with the presence of redox active dopamine molecules in these cells, will lead to the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in dopaminergic neurons. Here, I propose a mechanism regarding how ROS may lead to cell killing with a specificity for neurons. One rarely considered hypothesis is that ROS produced by defective mitochondria will lead to the formation of oxidative DNA damage in nuclear DNA. Many genes that encode proteins with neuron-specific functions are extraordinary long, ranging in size from several hundred kilobases to well over a megabase. It is predictable that such long genes will contain large numbers of damaged DNA bases, for example in the form of 8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG), which is a major DNA damage type produced by ROS. These DNA lesions will slow down or stall the progression of RNA polymerase II, which is a term referred to as transcription stress. Furthermore, ROS-induced DNA damage may cause mutations, even in postmitotic cells such as neurons. I propose that the impaired transcription and mutagenesis of long, neuron-specific genes will lead to a loss of neuronal integrity, eventually leading to the death of these cells during a human lifetime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerd P Pfeifer
- Department of Epigenetics, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
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25
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Choi SG, Tittle T, Garcia-Prada D, Kordower JH, Melki R, Killinger BA. Alpha-synuclein aggregates are phosphatase resistant. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.11.20.567854. [PMID: 38645137 PMCID: PMC11030248 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.20.567854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Alpha-synuclein (αsyn) is an intrinsically disordered protein that aggregates in the brain in several neurodegenerative diseases collectively called synucleinopathies. Phosphorylation of αsyn at serine 129 (PSER129) was considered rare in the healthy human brain but is enriched in pathological αsyn aggregates and is used as a specific marker for disease inclusions. However, recent observations challenge this assumption by demonstrating that PSER129 results from neuronal activity and can be readily detected in the non-diseased mammalian brain. Here, we investigated experimental conditions under which two distinct PSER129 pools, namely endogenous-PSER129 and aggregated-PSER129, could be detected and differentiated in the mammalian brain. Results showed that in the wild-type (WT) mouse brain, perfusion fixation conditions greatly influenced the detection of endogenous-PSER129, with endogenous-PSER129 being nearly undetectable after delayed perfusion fixation (30-minute and 1-hour postmortem interval). Exposure to anesthetics (e.g., Ketamine or xylazine) before perfusion did not significantly influence endogenous-PSER129 detection or levels. In situ, non-specific phosphatase calf alkaline phosphatase (CIAP) selectively dephosphorylated endogenous-PSER129 while αsyn preformed fibril (PFF)-seeded aggregates and genuine disease aggregates (Lewy pathology and Papp-Lantos bodies in Parkinson's disease and multiple systems atrophy brain, respectively) were resistant to CIAP-mediated dephosphorylation. The phosphatase resistance of aggregates was abolished by sample denaturation, and CIAP-resistant PSER129 was closely associated with proteinase K (PK)-resistant αsyn (i.e., a marker of aggregation). CIAP pretreatment allowed for highly specific detection of seeded αsyn aggregates in a mouse model that accumulates non-aggregated-PSER129. We conclude that αsyn aggregates are impervious to phosphatases, and CIAP pretreatment increases detection specificity for aggregated-PSER129, particularly in well-preserved biological samples (e.g., perfusion fixed or flash-frozen mammalian tissues) where there is a high probability of interference from endogenous-PSER129. Our findings have important implications for the mechanism of PSER129-accumulation in the synucleinopathy brain and provide a simple experimental method to differentiate endogenous-from aggregated PSER129.
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Affiliation(s)
- S G Choi
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - T Tittle
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - D Garcia-Prada
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - J H Kordower
- ASU-Banner Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center and School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - R Melki
- Institut Francois Jacob (MIRCen), CEA and Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, CNRS, Fontenay-Aux-Roses Cedex, France
| | - B A Killinger
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
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26
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Khot KB, D S S, Gopan G, Deshpande N S, Shastry P, Bandiwadekar A, Jose J. Enhancing selegiline hydrochloride efficacy: Box Behnken-optimized liposomal delivery via intranasal route for Parkinson's disease intervention. J Liposome Res 2024:1-18. [PMID: 38591935 DOI: 10.1080/08982104.2024.2336549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
The clinical use of selegiline hydrochloride in conventional dosage forms is to reduce the progression of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, its limited access to the brain, short half-life, and first-pass metabolism minimize brain uptake. Nano-based liposomes offer promising tools for brain-targeted delivery of therapeutics, especially intranasally administered cationic liposomes that target the brain region via the olfactory route and reduce biodistribution. In the present work, cationic liposomes encapsulated with selegiline hydrochloride were fabricated for intranasal administration against PD. The liposomes were initially optimized by Box Behnken design, and the selected run was coated with stearylamine to provide a cationic charge to the liposomes. The final coated liposomes, SH-LP3, demonstrated a minimum size of 173 ± 2.13 nm, an ideal zeta potential of +16 ± 1.98, and achieved a maximum entrapment efficiency of 40.14 ± 1.83%. Morphology analysis showed the spherical shape of liposomes in the size range of 100-200 nm. The in vitro cytotoxicity assay in SHSY5Y cell lines showed a significant decrease in toxicity, almost ten times less, compared to pure selegiline hydrochloride. Animal studies on rotenone-lesioned C57BL6 mice model for PD were performed to investigate the effect of intranasally administered liposomes. The SH-LP3 formulation exhibited remarkable effectiveness in relieving symptoms of PD. This extensive analysis emphasizes the possibility of intranasally administered SH-LP3 liposomes as a feasible treatment option for PD. The formulation not only delivers continuous drug release but also displays better safety and efficacy, providing a platform for additional studies and growth in the domain of PD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kartik Bhairu Khot
- Department of Pharmaceutics, NGSM Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, NITTE (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, India
| | - Sandeep D S
- Department of Pharmaceutics, NGSM Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, NITTE (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, India
| | - Gopika Gopan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, NGSM Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, NITTE (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, India
| | - Shridhar Deshpande N
- Department of Pharmacology, NGSM Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, NITTE (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, India
| | - Prajna Shastry
- Department of Pharmaceutics, NGSM Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, NITTE (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, India
| | - Akshay Bandiwadekar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, NGSM Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, NITTE (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, India
| | - Jobin Jose
- Department of Pharmaceutics, NGSM Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, NITTE (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, India
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27
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Bhore N, Bogacki EC, O'Callaghan B, Plun-Favreau H, Lewis PA, Herbst S. Common genetic risk for Parkinson's disease and dysfunction of the endo-lysosomal system. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2024; 379:20220517. [PMID: 38368938 PMCID: PMC10874702 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2022.0517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurological disorder, characterized by prominent movement dysfunction. The past two decades have seen a rapid expansion of our understanding of the genetic basis of Parkinson's, initially through the identification of monogenic forms and, more recently, through genome-wide association studies identifying common risk variants. Intriguingly, a number of cellular pathways have emerged from these analysis as playing central roles in the aetiopathogenesis of Parkinson's. In this review, the impact of data deriving from genome-wide analyses for Parkinson's upon our functional understanding of the disease will be examined, with a particular focus on examples of endo-lysosomal and mitochondrial dysfunction. The challenges of moving from a genetic to a functional understanding of common risk variants for Parkinson's will be discussed, with a final consideration of the current state of the genetic architecture of the disorder. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Understanding the endo-lysosomal network in neurodegeneration'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noopur Bhore
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London NW1 0TU, UK
- Neurodegenerative Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University of London, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Erin C. Bogacki
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London NW1 0TU, UK
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Benjamin O'Callaghan
- Neurodegenerative Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University of London, London WC1N 3BG, UK
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Helene Plun-Favreau
- Neurodegenerative Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University of London, London WC1N 3BG, UK
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Patrick A. Lewis
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London NW1 0TU, UK
- Neurodegenerative Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University of London, London WC1N 3BG, UK
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Susanne Herbst
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London NW1 0TU, UK
- Neurodegenerative Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University of London, London WC1N 3BG, UK
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
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28
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Shen J, Xie J, Ye L, Mao J, Sun S, Chen W, Wei S, Ruan S, Wang L, Hu H, Wei J, Zheng Y, Xi Z, Wang K, Xu Y. Neuroprotective effect of green tea extract (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate in a preformed fibril-induced mouse model of Parkinson's disease. Neuroreport 2024; 35:421-430. [PMID: 38526966 PMCID: PMC11060057 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000002027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease characterized by the progressive degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra (SN). The main bioactive component of green tea polyphenols (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) exerts protective effects against diseases such as neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. Therefore, this study investigated the effect of EGCG on the amelioration of neural damage in a chronic PD mouse model induced by α-synuclein preformed fibrils (α-syn-PFFs). A total of 20 C57BL/6J female mice were randomly divided into 3 groups: control group (saline, n = 6), model group (PFFs, n = 7), and prevention group (EGCG+PFFs, n = 7). A chronic PD mouse model was obtained by the administration of α-syn-PFFs by stereotaxic localization in the striatum. Behavioral tests were performed to evaluate PD-related anxiety-like behavior and motor impairments in the long-term PD progression. Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immuno-positive neurons and Ser129-phosphorylated α-syn (p-α-syn) were identified by immunohistochemistry. Pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines were measured by real-time quantitative PCR. EGCG pretreatment reduced anxiety-like behavior and motor impairments as revealed by the long-term behavioral test (2 weeks, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months) on PD mice. EGCG also ameliorated PFF-induced degeneration of TH immuno-positive neurons and accumulation of p-α-syn in the SN and striatum at 6 months. Additionally, EGCG reduced the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines while promoting the release of anti-inflammatory cytokines. EGCG exerts a neuroprotective effect on long-term progression of the PD model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianing Shen
- Department of Medical Genetics & Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou
| | - Junhua Xie
- Department of Medical Genetics & Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou
| | - Liyuan Ye
- Department of Medical Genetics & Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou
| | - Jian Mao
- Beijing Life Science Academy (BLSA), Beijing, China
| | - Shihao Sun
- Beijing Life Science Academy (BLSA), Beijing, China
| | - Weiwei Chen
- Department of Medical Genetics & Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou
| | - Sijia Wei
- Department of Medical Genetics & Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou
| | - Sisi Ruan
- Beijing Life Science Academy (BLSA), Beijing, China
| | - Linhai Wang
- Beijing Life Science Academy (BLSA), Beijing, China
| | - Hangcui Hu
- Department of Medical Genetics & Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou
| | - Jingjing Wei
- Beijing Life Science Academy (BLSA), Beijing, China
| | - Yao Zheng
- Department of Medical Genetics & Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou
| | - Zhouyan Xi
- Department of Medical Genetics & Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou
| | - Ke Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics & Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Medical Genetics & Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou
- Beijing Life Science Academy (BLSA), Beijing, China
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29
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Galvagnion C, Barclay A, Makasewicz K, Marlet FR, Moulin M, Devos JM, Linse S, Martel A, Porcar L, Sparr E, Pedersen MC, Roosen-Runge F, Arleth L, Buell AK. Structural characterisation of α-synuclein-membrane interactions and the resulting aggregation using small angle scattering. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:10998-11013. [PMID: 38526443 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp05928f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
The presence of amyloid fibrils is a hallmark of several neurodegenerative diseases. Some amyloidogenic proteins, such as α-synuclein and amyloid β, interact with lipids, and this interaction can strongly favour the formation of amyloid fibrils. In particular the primary nucleation step, i.e. the de novo formation of amyloid fibrils, has been shown to be accelerated by lipids. However, the exact mechanism of this acceleration is still mostly unclear. Here we use a range of scattering methods, such as dynamic light scattering (DLS) and small angle X-ray and neutron scattering (SAXS and SANS) to obtain structural information on the binding of α-synuclein to model membranes formed from negatively charged lipids and their co-assembly into amyloid fibrils. We find that the model membranes take an active role in the reaction. The binding of α synuclein to the model membranes immediately induces a major structural change in the lipid assembly, which leads to a break-up into small and mostly disc- or rod-like lipid-protein particles. This transition can be reversed by temperature changes or proteolytic protein removal. Incubation of the small lipid-α-synuclein particles for several hours, however, leads to amyloid fibril formation, whereby the lipids are incorporated into the amyloid fibrils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Galvagnion
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Abigail Barclay
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Katarzyna Makasewicz
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Center for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-22100, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Martine Moulin
- Institut Laue-Langevin, 71 avenue des Martyrs, 38042 Grenoble, France
| | - Juliette M Devos
- Institut Laue-Langevin, 71 avenue des Martyrs, 38042 Grenoble, France
| | - Sara Linse
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Lund University, SE22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Anne Martel
- Institut Laue-Langevin, 71 avenue des Martyrs, 38042 Grenoble, France
| | - Lionel Porcar
- Institut Laue-Langevin, 71 avenue des Martyrs, 38042 Grenoble, France
| | - Emma Sparr
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Center for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-22100, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Felix Roosen-Runge
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Center for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-22100, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biofilms Research Center for Biointerfaces, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Lise Arleth
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alexander K Buell
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
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30
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Shen YX, Lee PS, Teng MC, Huang JH, Wang CC, Fan HF. Influence of Cigarette Aerosol in Alpha-Synuclein Oligomerization and Cell Viability in SH-SY5Y: Implications for Parkinson's Disease. ACS Chem Neurosci 2024; 15:1484-1500. [PMID: 38483468 PMCID: PMC10995954 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Although cigarette aerosol exposure is associated with various adverse health issues, its impact on Parkinson's disease (PD) remains elusive. Here, we investigated the effect of cigarette aerosol extract (CAE) on SH-SY5Y cells for the first time, both with and without α-synuclein (α-Syn) overexpression. We found that α-Syn aggravates CAE-induced cell death, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Fluorescence cross-correlation spectroscopy (FCCS) revealed a dual distribution of α-Syn within the cells, with homogeneous regions indicative of monomeric α-Syn and punctated regions, suggesting the formation of oligomers. Moreover, we observed colocalization of α-Syn oligomers with lysosomes along with a reduction in autophagy activity. These findings suggest that α-Syn overexpression exacerbates CAE-induced intracellular cytotoxicity, mitochondrial dysfunction, and autophagy dysregulation, leading to elevated cell mortality. Our findings provide new insights into the pathogenic mechanisms linking exposure to cigarette aerosols with neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Xin Shen
- Institute
of Medical Science and Technology, National
Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
- Department
of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
- Aerosol
Science Research Center, National Sun Yat-sen
University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Pe-Shuen Lee
- Institute
of Medical Science and Technology, National
Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
- Department
of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
- Aerosol
Science Research Center, National Sun Yat-sen
University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chu Teng
- Institute
of Medical Science and Technology, National
Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
- Department
of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
- Aerosol
Science Research Center, National Sun Yat-sen
University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Jhih-Hong Huang
- Department
of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
- Aerosol
Science Research Center, National Sun Yat-sen
University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Chia C. Wang
- Department
of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
- Aerosol
Science Research Center, National Sun Yat-sen
University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Fang Fan
- Institute
of Medical Science and Technology, National
Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
- Department
of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
- Aerosol
Science Research Center, National Sun Yat-sen
University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
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31
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Liang H, Ma Z, Zhong W, Liu J, Sugimoto K, Chen H. Regulation of mitophagy and mitochondrial function: Natural compounds as potential therapeutic strategies for Parkinson's disease. Phytother Res 2024; 38:1838-1862. [PMID: 38356178 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondrial damage is associated with the development of Parkinson's disease (PD), indicating that mitochondrial-targeted treatments could hold promise as disease-modifying approaches for PD. Notably, natural compounds have demonstrated the ability to modulate mitochondrial-related processes. In this review article, we discussed the possible neuroprotective mechanisms of natural compounds against PD in modulating mitophagy and mitochondrial function. A comprehensive literature search on natural compounds related to the treatment of PD by regulating mitophagy and mitochondrial function was conducted from PubMed, Web of Science and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure databases from their inception until April 2023. We summarize recent advancements in mitophagy's molecular mechanisms, including upstream and downstream processes, and its relationship with PD-related genes or proteins. Importantly, we highlight how natural compounds can therapeutically regulate various mitochondrial processes through multiple targets and pathways to alleviate oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, Lewy's body aggregation and apoptosis, which are key contributors to PD pathogenesis. Unlike the single-target strategy of modern medicine, natural compounds provide neuroprotection against PD by modulating various mitochondrial-related processes, including ameliorating mitophagy by targeting the PINK1/parkin pathway, the NIX/BNIP3 pathway, and autophagosome formation (i.e., LC3 and p62). Given the prevalence of mitochondrial damage in various neurodegenerative diseases, exploring the exact mechanism of natural compounds on mitophagy and mitochondrial dysfunction could shed light on the development of highly effective disease-modifying or adjuvant therapies targeting PD and other neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Liang
- Department of Acupuncture, Heilongjiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Zhenwang Ma
- Department of Acupuncture, Heilongjiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Wei Zhong
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Affiliated Qiqihar Hospital, Southern Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Neurology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Kazuo Sugimoto
- Department of Neurology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Acupuncture, Heilongjiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
- Department of TCM Geriatric, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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32
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Centner A, Del Priore I, Chambers N, Cohen SR, Terry ML, Coyle M, Glinski J, Stoll AC, Patterson JR, Kemp CJ, Miller KM, Kubik M, Kuhn N, Luk KC, Sortwell CE, Bishop C. Deficits in basal and evoked striatal dopamine release following alpha-synuclein preformed fibril injection: An in vivo microdialysis study. Eur J Neurosci 2024; 59:1585-1603. [PMID: 38356120 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by the accumulation of misfolded alpha-synuclein (α-syn) protein, forming intraneuronal Lewy body (LB) inclusions. The α-syn preformed fibril (PFF) model of PD recapitulates α-syn aggregation, progressive nigrostriatal degeneration and motor dysfunction; however, little is known about the time course of PFF-induced alterations in basal and evoked dopamine (DA). In vivo microdialysis is well suited for identifying small changes in neurotransmitter levels over extended periods. In the present study, adult male Fischer 344 rats received unilateral, intrastriatal injections of either α-syn PFFs or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). At 4 or 8 months post-injection (p.i.), animals underwent in vivo microdialysis to evaluate basal extracellular striatal DA and metabolite levels, local KCl-evoked striatal DA release and the effects of systemic levodopa (l-DOPA). Post-mortem analysis demonstrated equivalent PFF-induced reductions in tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunoreactive nigral neurons (~50%) and striatal TH (~20%) at both time points. Compared with reduction in striatal TH, reduction in striatal dopamine transporter (DAT) was more pronounced and progressed between the 4- and 8-month p.i. intervals (36% ➔ 46%). Significant PFF-induced deficits in basal and evoked striatal DA, as well as deficits in motor performance, were not observed until 8 months p.i. Responses to l-DOPA did not differ regardless of PBS or PFF treatment. These results suggest that basal and evoked striatal DA are maintained for several months following PFF injection, with loss of both associated with motor dysfunction. Our studies provide insight into the time course and magnitude of PFF-induced extracellular dopaminergic deficits in the striatum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Centner
- Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York, USA
| | | | - Nicole Chambers
- Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York, USA
| | - Sophie R Cohen
- Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York, USA
| | - Michelle L Terry
- Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York, USA
| | - Michael Coyle
- Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York, USA
| | - John Glinski
- Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York, USA
| | - Anna C Stoll
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Joseph R Patterson
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA
| | - Christopher J Kemp
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA
| | - Kathryn M Miller
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA
| | - Michael Kubik
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA
| | - Nathan Kuhn
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA
| | - Kelvin C Luk
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Caryl E Sortwell
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA
| | - Christopher Bishop
- Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York, USA
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33
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Dhiman S, Mannan A, Taneja A, Mohan M, Singh TG. Sirtuin dysregulation in Parkinson's disease: Implications of acetylation and deacetylation processes. Life Sci 2024; 342:122537. [PMID: 38428569 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative condition that primarily affects motor function and is caused by a gradual decline of dopaminergic neurons in the brain's substantia pars compacta (Snpc) region. Multiple molecular pathways are involved in the pathogenesis, which results in impaired cellular functions and neuronal degeneration. However, the role of sirtuins, a type of NAD+-dependent deacetylase, in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease has recently been investigated. Sirtuins are essential for preserving cellular homeostasis because they control a number of biological processes, such as metabolism, apoptosis, and DNA repair. This review shed lights on the dysregulation of sirtuin activity in PD, highlighting the role that acetylation and deacetylation processes play in the development of the disease. Key regulators of protein acetylation, sirtuins have been found to be involved in the aberrant acetylation of vital substrates linked to PD pathology when their balance is out of balance. The hallmark characteristics of PD such as neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction have all been linked to the dysregulation of sirtuin expression and activity. Furthermore, we have also explored how the modulators of sirtuins can be a promising therapeutic intervention in the treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Dhiman
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, 140401, Punjab, India
| | - Ashi Mannan
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, 140401, Punjab, India
| | - Ayushi Taneja
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, 140401, Punjab, India
| | - Maneesh Mohan
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, 140401, Punjab, India
| | - Thakur Gurjeet Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, 140401, Punjab, India.
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34
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Ferrucci M, Lenzi P, Lazzeri G, Busceti CL, Frati A, Puglisi-Allegra S, Fornai F. Combined light and electron microscopy (CLEM) to quantify methamphetamine-induced alpha-synuclein-related pathology. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2024; 131:335-358. [PMID: 38367081 PMCID: PMC11016004 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-024-02741-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Methamphetamine (METH) produces a cytopathology, which is rather specific within catecholamine neurons both in vitro and ex vivo, in animal models and chronic METH abusers. This led some authors to postulate a sort of parallelism between METH cytopathology and cell damage in Parkinson's disease (PD). In fact, METH increases and aggregates alpha-syn proto-fibrils along with producing spreading of alpha-syn. Although alpha-syn is considered to be the major component of aggregates and inclusions developing within diseased catecholamine neurons including classic Lewy body (LB), at present, no study provided a quantitative assessment of this protein in situ, neither following METH nor in LB occurring in PD. Similarly, no study addressed the quantitative comparison between occurrence of alpha-syn and other key proteins and no investigation measured the protein compared with non-protein structure within catecholamine cytopathology. Therefore, the present study addresses these issues using an oversimplified model consisting of a catecholamine cell line where the novel approach of combined light and electron microscopy (CLEM) was used measuring the amount of alpha-syn, which is lower compared with p62 or poly-ubiquitin within pathological cell domains. The scenario provided by electron microscopy reveals unexpected findings, which are similar to those recently described in the pathology of PD featuring packing of autophagosome-like vesicles and key proteins shuttling autophagy substrates. Remarkably, small seed-like areas, densely packed with p62 molecules attached to poly-ubiquitin within wide vesicular domains occurred. The present data shed new light about quantitative morphometry of catecholamine cell damage in PD and within the addicted brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Ferrucci
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Via Roma 55, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Paola Lenzi
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Via Roma 55, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Gloria Lazzeri
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Via Roma 55, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Carla L Busceti
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (I.R.C.C.S.) Neuromed, Via Atinense 18, 86077, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Alessandro Frati
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (I.R.C.C.S.) Neuromed, Via Atinense 18, 86077, Pozzilli, Italy
- Neurosurgery Division, Human Neurosciences Department, Sapienza University, 00135, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Puglisi-Allegra
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (I.R.C.C.S.) Neuromed, Via Atinense 18, 86077, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Francesco Fornai
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Via Roma 55, 56126, Pisa, Italy.
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (I.R.C.C.S.) Neuromed, Via Atinense 18, 86077, Pozzilli, Italy.
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35
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Mansuri S, Jain A, Singh R, Rawat S, Mondal D, Raychaudhuri S. Widespread nuclear lamina injuries defeat proteostatic purposes of α-synuclein amyloid inclusions. J Cell Sci 2024; 137:jcs261935. [PMID: 38477372 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.261935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Biogenesis of inclusion bodies (IBs) facilitates protein quality control (PQC). Canonical aggresomes execute degradation of misfolded proteins while non-degradable amyloids sequester into insoluble protein deposits. Lewy bodies (LBs) are filamentous amyloid inclusions of α-synuclein, but PQC benefits and drawbacks associated with LB-like IBs remain underexplored. Here, we report that crosstalk between filamentous LB-like IBs and aggresome-like IBs of α-synuclein (Syn-aggresomes) buffer the load, aggregation state, and turnover of the amyloidogenic protein in mouse primary neurons and HEK293T cells. Filamentous LB-like IBs possess unorthodox PQC capacities of self-quarantining α-synuclein amyloids and being degradable upon receding fresh amyloidogenesis. Syn-aggresomes equilibrate biogenesis of filamentous LB-like IBs by facilitating spontaneous degradation of α-synuclein and conditional turnover of disintegrated α-synuclein amyloids. Thus, both types of IB primarily contribute to PQC. Incidentally, the overgrown perinuclear LB-like IBs become degenerative once these are misidentified by BICD2, a cargo-adapter for the cytosolic motor-protein dynein. Microscopy indicates that microtubules surrounding the perinuclear filamentous inclusions are also distorted, misbalancing the cytoskeleton-nucleoskeleton tension leading to widespread lamina injuries. Together, nucleocytoplasmic mixing, DNA damage, and deregulated transcription of stress chaperones defeat the proteostatic purposes of the filamentous amyloids of α-synuclein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shemin Mansuri
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Aanchal Jain
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Richa Singh
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Shivali Rawat
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Debodyuti Mondal
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Swasti Raychaudhuri
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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36
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Goralski TM, Meyerdirk L, Breton L, Brasseur L, Kurgat K, DeWeerd D, Turner L, Becker K, Adams M, Newhouse DJ, Henderson MX. Spatial transcriptomics reveals molecular dysfunction associated with cortical Lewy pathology. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2642. [PMID: 38531900 PMCID: PMC10966039 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47027-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
A key hallmark of Parkinson's disease (PD) is Lewy pathology. Composed of α-synuclein, Lewy pathology is found both in dopaminergic neurons that modulate motor function, and cortical regions that control cognitive function. Recent work has established the molecular identity of dopaminergic neurons susceptible to death, but little is known about cortical neurons susceptible to Lewy pathology or molecular changes induced by aggregates. In the current study, we use spatial transcriptomics to capture whole transcriptome signatures from cortical neurons with α-synuclein pathology compared to neurons without pathology. We find, both in PD and related PD dementia, dementia with Lewy bodies and in the pre-formed fibril α-synucleinopathy mouse model, that specific classes of excitatory neurons are vulnerable to developing Lewy pathology. Further, we identify conserved gene expression changes in aggregate-bearing neurons that we designate the Lewy-associated molecular dysfunction from aggregates (LAMDA) signature. Neurons with aggregates downregulate synaptic, mitochondrial, ubiquitin-proteasome, endo-lysosomal, and cytoskeletal genes and upregulate DNA repair and complement/cytokine genes. Our results identify neurons vulnerable to Lewy pathology in the PD cortex and describe a conserved signature of molecular dysfunction in both mice and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M Goralski
- Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Lindsay Meyerdirk
- Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Libby Breton
- Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Laura Brasseur
- Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Kevin Kurgat
- Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Daniella DeWeerd
- Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Lisa Turner
- Van Andel Institute Pathology Core, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
| | - Katelyn Becker
- Van Andel Institute Genomics Core, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
| | - Marie Adams
- Van Andel Institute Genomics Core, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
| | | | - Michael X Henderson
- Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA.
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA.
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37
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Kuznetsov AV. Lewy body radius growth: The hypothesis of the cube root of time dependency. J Theor Biol 2024; 581:111734. [PMID: 38246486 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2024.111734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
This paper presents a model for the growth of Lewy bodies (LBs), which are pathological hallmarks of Parkinson's disease (PD). The model simulates the growth of classical LBs, consisting of a core and a halo. The core is assumed to comprise lipid membrane fragments and damaged organelles, while the halo consists of radiating alpha-synuclein (α-syn) fibrils. The Finke-Watzky model is employed to simulate the aggregation of lipid fragments and α-syn monomers. Analytical and numerical exploration of the governing equations yielded approximate solutions applicable for larger times. The application of these approximate solutions to simulate LB radius growth led to the discovery of the cube root hypothesis, which posits that the LB radius is proportional to the cube root of its growth time. Sensitivity analysis revealed that the LB radius is unaffected by the kinetic rates of nucleation and autocatalytic growth, with growth primarily regulated by the production rates of lipid membrane fragments and α-syn monomers. The model indicates that the formation of large LBs associated with PD is dependent on the malfunction of the machinery responsible for the degradation of lipid membrane fragments, α-syn monomers, and their aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey V Kuznetsov
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7910, USA.
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38
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Xing LZ, Zhang W, Zhao YD, Xu J, Zhang YX. Pyrazolamide derivatives inhibit α-Synuclein aggregation, disaggregate preformed fibers, and reduce inclusion formation in neuron cells. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 268:116198. [PMID: 38368711 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
α-Syn fibers, the primary cause and central element of Lewy bodies (LB), play a pivotal role in the development of Parkinson's disease (PD). This research aims to identify more potent inhibitors of α-Syn aggregation. A series of N-aryl-3-aryl-pyrazole-5-carboxamide derivatives were designed and synthesized for this purpose. Among them, four candidate compounds, combining pyrazole and polyphenol blocks, were identified through screening, demonstrating good inhibitory effects with IC50 values in the low micromolar range (1.25-4.29 μM). Two candidates exhibited high permeability through the blood-brain barrier. Mechanistic studies using various methods revealed that the candidates preferentially bind to the aggregation-prone domains-proNAC or NAC domains of α-Syn. This binding hinders the conformational transition from random coil/α-helix to β-sheet, preserving α-Syn proteostasis. As a result, it interferes with α-Syn nuclei formation, prolongs the lag phase, decelerates the elongation phase, and ultimately impedes the formation of α-Syn fibrils. Additionally, the candidates demonstrated promising results in the disaggregation of preformed α-Syn fibers, potentially by binding to specific sites near the β-sheet domain within fibers. This reduces fiber stability, causing rapid collapse and yielding smaller aggregates and monomers. Crucially, the candidate compounds exhibited significant inhibitory efficacy against α-Syn aggregation within nerve cells with low cytotoxicity. This resulted in a notable inhibition of the formation of LB-like α-Syn inclusions. These compounds show considerable promise as potential therapeutic agents for the prevention and treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Zi Xing
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Daxue Road 75, 450052, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Daxue Road 75, 450052, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ya-Dong Zhao
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Daxue Road 75, 450052, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ji Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Science, Neuroscience Research Institute, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Kexue Road 100, 450001, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Yun-Xiao Zhang
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Daxue Road 75, 450052, Zhengzhou, China.
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Zhang Z, Wang R, Zhou H, Wu D, Cao Y, Zhang C, Sun H, Mu C, Hao Z, Ren H, Wang N, Yu S, Zhang J, Tao M, Wang C, Liu Y, Liu L, Liu Y, Zang J, Wang G. Inhibition of EHMT1/2 rescues synaptic damage and motor impairment in a PD mouse model. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:128. [PMID: 38472451 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05176-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Epigenetic dysregulation that leads to alterations in gene expression and is suggested to be one of the key pathophysiological factors of Parkinson's disease (PD). Here, we found that α-synuclein preformed fibrils (PFFs) induced histone H3 dimethylation at lysine 9 (H3K9me2) and increased the euchromatic histone methyltransferases EHMT1 and EHMT2, which were accompanied by neuronal synaptic damage, including loss of synapses and diminished expression levels of synaptic-related proteins. Furthermore, the levels of H3K9me2 at promoters in genes that encode the synaptic-related proteins SNAP25, PSD95, Synapsin 1 and vGLUT1 were increased in primary neurons after PFF treatment, which suggests a linkage between H3K9 dimethylation and synaptic dysfunction. Inhibition of EHMT1/2 with the specific inhibitor A-366 or shRNA suppressed histone methylation and alleviated synaptic damage in primary neurons that were treated with PFFs. In addition, the synaptic damage and motor impairment in mice that were injected with PFFs were repressed by treatment with the EHMT1/2 inhibitor A-366. Thus, our findings reveal the role of histone H3 modification by EHMT1/2 in synaptic damage and motor impairment in a PFF animal model, suggesting the involvement of epigenetic dysregulation in PD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixiong Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropathology, Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropathology, Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hui Zhou
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropathology, Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dan Wu
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropathology, Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yifan Cao
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropathology, Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chuang Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropathology, Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongyang Sun
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropathology, Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chenchen Mu
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropathology, Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zongbing Hao
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropathology, Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haigang Ren
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropathology, Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Medical Innovation Center of Trauma Medicine, Institute of Trauma Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Geriatric Diseases and Immunology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Nana Wang
- Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215163, China
| | - Shuang Yu
- Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215163, China
| | - Jingzhong Zhang
- Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215163, China
| | - Mengdan Tao
- School of Pharmacy, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Can Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Yan Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Liu Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, 410005, China
| | - Yanli Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianye Zang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Guanghui Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropathology, Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China.
- MOE Key Laboratory of Geriatric Diseases and Immunology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China.
- Center of Translational Medicine, First People's Hospital of Taicang, Taicang Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215400, China.
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Fang J, Wang X, Cao G, Wang F, Ru Y, Wang B, Zhang Y, Zhang D, Yan J, Xu J, Ji J, Ji F, Zhou Y, Guo L, Li M, Liu W, Cai X, Cai Z. 6PPD-quinone exposure induces neuronal mitochondrial dysfunction to exacerbate Lewy neurites formation induced by α-synuclein preformed fibrils seeding. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 465:133312. [PMID: 38147746 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.133312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
The emerging toxicant N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine quinone (6PPD-Q) is of wide concern due to its ubiquitous occurrence and high toxicity. Despite regular human exposure, limited evidence exists about its presence in the body and potential health risks. Herein, we analyzed cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from Parkinson's disease (PD) patients and controls. The CSF levels of 6PPD-Q were twice as high in PD patients compared to controls. Immunostaining assays performed with primary dopaminergic neurons confirm that 6PPD-Q at environmentally relevant concentrations can exacerbate the formation of Lewy neurites induced by α-synuclein preformed fibrils (α-syn PFF). Assessment of cellular respiration reveals a considerable decrease in neuronal spare respiratory and ATP-linked respiration, potentially due to changes in mitochondrial membrane potential. Moreover, 6PPD-Q-induced mitochondrial impairment correlates with an upsurge in mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mROS), and Mito-TEMPO-driven scavenging of mROS can lessen the amount of pathologic phospho-serine 129 α-synuclein. Untargeted metabolomics provides supporting evidence for the connection between 6PPD-Q exposure and changes in neuronal metabolite profiles. In-depth targeted metabolomics further unveils an overall reduction in glycolysis metabolite pool and fluctuations in the quantity of TCA cycle intermediates. Given its potentially harmful attributes, the presence of 6PPD-Q in human brain could potentially be a risk factor for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiacheng Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Xiaoxiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Guodong Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Fuyue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Yi Ru
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Bolun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Yanhao Zhang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Doudou Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Futian District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Jie Yan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Futian District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Ji Xu
- The Central Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Jing Ji
- The Central Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Fenfen Ji
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Yingyan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Lei Guo
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Medical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
| | - Min Li
- Mr. and Mrs. Ko Chi Ming Centre for Parkinson's Disease Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Wenlan Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Futian District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Xiaodong Cai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Futian District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Zongwei Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.
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Kou L, Chi X, Sun Y, Yin S, Wu J, Zou W, Wang Y, Jin Z, Huang J, Xiong N, Xia Y, Wang T. Circadian regulation of microglia function: Potential targets for treatment of Parkinson's Disease. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 95:102232. [PMID: 38364915 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms are involved in the regulation of many aspects of the body, including cell function, physical activity and disease. Circadian disturbance often predates the typical symptoms of neurodegenerative diseases and is not only a non-motor symptom, but also one of the causes of their occurrence and progression. Glial cells possess circadian clocks that regulate their function to maintain brain development and homeostasis. Emerging evidence suggests that the microglial circadian clock is involved in the regulation of many physiological processes, such as cytokine release, phagocytosis, and nutritional and metabolic support, and that disruption of the microglia clock may affect multiple aspects of Parkinson's disease, especially neuroinflammation and α-synuclein processes. Herein, we review recent advances in the circadian control of microglia function in health and disease, and discuss novel pharmacological interventions for microglial clocks in neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Kou
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Xiaosa Chi
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Yadi Sun
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Sijia Yin
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Jiawei Wu
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Wenkai Zou
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Yiming Wang
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Zongjie Jin
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Jinsha Huang
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Nian Xiong
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Yun Xia
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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Wang Q, Bu C, Wang H, Zhang B, Chen Q, Shi D, Chi L. Distinct mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of low-molecular-weight heparin and chondroitin sulfate on Parkinson's disease. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 262:129846. [PMID: 38296150 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder influenced by various factors, including age, genetics, and the environment. Current treatments provide symptomatic relief without impeding disease progression. Previous studies have demonstrated the therapeutic potential of exogenous heparin and chondroitin sulfate in PD. However, their therapeutic mechanisms and structure-activity relationships remain poorly understood. In this study, low-molecular-weight heparin (L-HP) and chondroitin sulfate (L-CS) exhibited favorable therapeutic effects in a mouse model of PD. Proteomics revealed that L-HP attenuated mitochondrial dysfunction through its antioxidant properties, whereas L-CS suppressed neuroinflammation by inhibiting platelet activation. Two glycosaminoglycan (GAG)-binding proteins, manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD2) and fibrinogen beta chain (FGB), were identified as potential targets of L-HP and L-CS, and we investigated their structure-activity relationships. The IdoA2S-GlcNS6S/GlcNAc6S unit in HP bound to SOD2, whereas the GlcA-GalNAc4S and GlcA-GalNAc4S6S units in CS preferred FGB. Furthermore, N-S and 2-O-S in L-HP, and 4-O-S, 6-O-S, and -COOH in L-CS contributed significantly to the binding process. These findings provide new insights and evidence for the development and use of glycosaminoglycan-based therapeutics for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingchi Wang
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Rd, Qingdao 266200, China; Xianghu Laboratory, Hangzhou 311231, China
| | - Changkai Bu
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Rd, Qingdao 266200, China
| | - Haoran Wang
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Rd, Qingdao 266200, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Rd, Qingdao 266200, China
| | - Qingqing Chen
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Rd, Qingdao 266200, China
| | - Deling Shi
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Rd, Qingdao 266200, China
| | - Lianli Chi
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Rd, Qingdao 266200, China.
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Yamakado H, Takahashi R. Experimental Animal Models of Prodromal Parkinson's Disease. JOURNAL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2024:JPD230393. [PMID: 38427504 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-230393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
There is an estimated 35-45% loss of striatal dopamine at the time of diagnosis of Parkinson's disease (PD), and cases clinically diagnosed in the early stages may already be pathologically in advanced stages. Recent large-scale clinical trials of disease-modifying therapies (DMT) also suggest the necessity of targeting patients at earlier stages of the disease. From this perspective, the prodromal phase of PD is currently the focus of attention, emphasizing the need for a prodromal mouse model that accurately reflects the pathophysiology, along with early biomarkers. To establish prodromal animal model of PD with high face validity that reflects the disease state, the model must possess high construct validity that accurately incorporates clinical and pathological features in the prodromal phase. Furthermore, as a preclinical model of DMT, the model must possess high predictive validity to accurately evaluate the response to intervention. This review provides an overview of animal models which reflect the characteristics of prodromal PD, including alpha-synuclein (aS) accumulation and associated early non-motor symptoms, with a focus on the aS propagation model and genetic model. In addition, we discuss the challenges associated with these models. The genetic model often fails to induce motor symptoms, while aS propagation models skip the crucial step of initial aS aggregate formation, thereby not fully replicating the entire natural course of the disease. Identifying factors that induce the transition from prodromal to symptomatic phase is important as a preclinical model for DMT to prevent or delay the onset of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hodaka Yamakado
- Department of Therapeutics for Multiple System Atrophy, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Takahashi
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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Mahbub NU, Islam MM, Hong ST, Chung HJ. Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota and its effect on α-synuclein and prion protein misfolding: consequences for neurodegeneration. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1348279. [PMID: 38435303 PMCID: PMC10904658 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1348279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Abnormal behavior of α-synuclein and prion proteins is the hallmark of Parkinson's disease (PD) and prion illnesses, respectively, being complex neurological disorders. A primary cause of protein aggregation, brain injury, and cognitive loss in prion illnesses is the misfolding of normal cellular prion proteins (PrPC) into an infectious form (PrPSc). Aggregation of α-synuclein causes disruptions in cellular processes in Parkinson's disease (PD), leading to loss of dopamine-producing neurons and motor symptoms. Alteration in the composition or activity of gut microbes may weaken the intestinal barrier and make it possible for prions to go from the gut to the brain. The gut-brain axis is linked to neuroinflammation; the metabolites produced by the gut microbiota affect the aggregation of α-synuclein, regulate inflammation and immunological responses, and may influence the course of the disease and neurotoxicity of proteins, even if their primary targets are distinct proteins. This thorough analysis explores the complex interactions that exist between the gut microbiota and neurodegenerative illnesses, particularly Parkinson's disease (PD) and prion disorders. The involvement of the gut microbiota, a complex collection of bacteria, archaea, fungi, viruses etc., in various neurological illnesses is becoming increasingly recognized. The gut microbiome influences neuroinflammation, neurotransmitter synthesis, mitochondrial function, and intestinal barrier integrity through the gut-brain axis, which contributes to the development and progression of disease. The review delves into the molecular mechanisms that underlie these relationships, emphasizing the effects of microbial metabolites such as bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS), and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in regulating brain functioning. Additionally, it looks at how environmental influences and dietary decisions affect the gut microbiome and whether they could be risk factors for neurodegenerative illnesses. This study concludes by highlighting the critical role that the gut microbiota plays in the development of Parkinson's disease (PD) and prion disease. It also provides a promising direction for future research and possible treatment approaches. People afflicted by these difficult ailments may find hope in new preventive and therapeutic approaches if the role of the gut microbiota in these diseases is better understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasir Uddin Mahbub
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Institute for Medical Science, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Md Minarul Islam
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Institute for Medical Science, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Tshool Hong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Institute for Medical Science, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hea-Jong Chung
- Gwangju Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
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Lin CP, Frigerio I, Bol JGJM, Bouwman MMA, Wesseling AJ, Dahl MJ, Rozemuller AJM, van der Werf YD, Pouwels PJW, van de Berg WDJ, Jonkman LE. Microstructural integrity of the locus coeruleus and its tracts reflect noradrenergic degeneration in Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Transl Neurodegener 2024; 13:9. [PMID: 38336865 PMCID: PMC10854137 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-024-00400-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Degeneration of the locus coeruleus (LC) noradrenergic system contributes to clinical symptoms in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has the potential to evaluate the integrity of the LC noradrenergic system. The aim of the current study was to determine whether the diffusion MRI-measured integrity of the LC and its tracts are sensitive to noradrenergic degeneration in AD and PD. METHODS Post-mortem in situ T1-weighted and multi-shell diffusion MRI was performed for 9 AD, 14 PD, and 8 control brain donors. Fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity were derived from the LC, and from tracts between the LC and the anterior cingulate cortex, the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), the primary motor cortex (M1) or the hippocampus. Brain tissue sections of the LC and cortical regions were obtained and immunostained for dopamine-beta hydroxylase (DBH) to quantify noradrenergic cell density and fiber load. Group comparisons and correlations between outcome measures were performed using linear regression and partial correlations. RESULTS The AD and PD cases showed loss of LC noradrenergic cells and fibers. In the cortex, the AD cases showed increased DBH + immunoreactivity in the DLPFC compared to PD cases and controls, while PD cases showed reduced DBH + immunoreactivity in the M1 compared to controls. Higher FA within the LC was found for AD, which was correlated with loss of noradrenergic cells and fibers in the LC. Increased FA of the LC-DLPFC tract was correlated with LC noradrenergic fiber loss in the combined AD and control group, whereas the increased FA of the LC-M1 tract was correlated with LC noradrenergic neuronal loss in the combined PD and control group. The tract alterations were not correlated with cortical DBH + immunoreactivity. CONCLUSIONS In AD and PD, the diffusion MRI-detected alterations within the LC and its tracts to the DLPFC and the M1 were associated with local noradrenergic neuronal loss within the LC, rather than noradrenergic changes in the cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Pei Lin
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Brain imaging, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Irene Frigerio
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Brain imaging, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - John G J M Bol
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maud M A Bouwman
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Brain imaging, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alex J Wesseling
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Brain imaging, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martin J Dahl
- Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, 14195, Berlin, Germany
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Annemieke J M Rozemuller
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Pathology, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ysbrand D van der Werf
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Brain imaging, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Compulsivity, Impulsivity and Attention Program, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Petra J W Pouwels
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Brain imaging, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wilma D J van de Berg
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Laura E Jonkman
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Brain imaging, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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46
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Isik FB, Knight HM, Rajkumar AP. Extracellular vesicle microRNA-mediated transcriptional regulation may contribute to dementia with Lewy bodies molecular pathology. Acta Neuropsychiatr 2024; 36:29-38. [PMID: 37339939 DOI: 10.1017/neu.2023.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is the second most common dementia. Advancing our limited understanding of its molecular pathogenesis is essential for identifying novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets for DLB. DLB is an α-synucleinopathy, and small extracellular vesicles (SEV) from people with DLB can transmit α-synuclein oligomerisation between cells. Post-mortem DLB brains and serum SEV from those with DLB share common miRNA signatures, and their functional implications are uncertain. Hence, we aimed to investigate potential targets of DLB-associated SEV miRNA and to analyse their functional implications. METHODS We identified potential targets of six previously reported differentially expressed miRNA genes in serum SEV of people with DLB (MIR26A1, MIR320C2, MIR320D2, MIR548BA, MIR556, and MIR4722) using miRBase and miRDB databases. We analysed functional implications of these targets using EnrichR gene set enrichment analysis and analysed their protein interactions using Reactome pathway analysis. RESULTS These SEV miRNA may regulate 4278 genes that were significantly enriched among the genes involved in neuronal development, cell-to-cell communication, vesicle-mediated transport, apoptosis, regulation of cell cycle, post-translational protein modifications, and autophagy lysosomal pathway, after Benjamini-Hochberg false discovery rate correction at 5%. The miRNA target genes and their protein interactions were significantly associated with several neuropsychiatric disorders and with multiple signal transduction, transcriptional regulation, and cytokine signalling pathways. CONCLUSION Our findings provide in-silico evidence that potential targets of DLB-associated SEV miRNAs may contribute to Lewy pathology by transcriptional regulation. Experimental validation of these dysfunctional pathways is warranted and could lead to novel therapeutic avenues for DLB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Busra Isik
- School of Life Science, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Helen Miranda Knight
- School of Life Science, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Anto P Rajkumar
- Institute of Mental Health, Mental Health and Clinical Neurosciences Academic Unit, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Mental Health Services for Older People, Nottinghamshire Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Nottingham, UK
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47
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Dorion MF, Yaqubi M, Senkevich K, Kieran NW, MacDonald A, Chen CXQ, Luo W, Wallis A, Shlaifer I, Hall JA, Dudley RWR, Glass IA, Stratton JA, Fon EA, Bartels T, Antel JP, Gan-or Z, Durcan TM, Healy LM. MerTK is a mediator of alpha-synuclein fibril uptake by human microglia. Brain 2024; 147:427-443. [PMID: 37671615 PMCID: PMC10834256 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awad298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mer tyrosine kinase (MerTK) is a receptor tyrosine kinase that mediates non-inflammatory, homeostatic phagocytosis of diverse types of cellular debris. Highly expressed on the surface of microglial cells, MerTK is of importance in brain development, homeostasis, plasticity and disease. Yet, involvement of this receptor in the clearance of protein aggregates that accumulate with ageing and in neurodegenerative diseases has yet to be defined. The current study explored the function of MerTK in the microglial uptake of alpha-synuclein fibrils which play a causative role in the pathobiology of synucleinopathies. Using human primary and induced pluripotent stem cell-derived microglia, the MerTK-dependence of alpha-synuclein fibril internalization was investigated in vitro. Relevance of this pathway in synucleinopathies was assessed through burden analysis of MERTK variants and analysis of MerTK expression in patient-derived cells and tissues. Pharmacological inhibition of MerTK and siRNA-mediated MERTK knockdown both caused a decreased rate of alpha-synuclein fibril internalization by human microglia. Consistent with the non-inflammatory nature of MerTK-mediated phagocytosis, alpha-synuclein fibril internalization was not observed to induce secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 or TNF, and downmodulated IL-1β secretion from microglia. Burden analysis in two independent patient cohorts revealed a significant association between rare functionally deleterious MERTK variants and Parkinson's disease in one of the cohorts (P = 0.002). Despite a small upregulation in MERTK mRNA expression in nigral microglia from Parkinson's disease/Lewy body dementia patients compared to those from non-neurological control donors in a single-nuclei RNA-sequencing dataset (P = 5.08 × 10-21), no significant upregulation in MerTK protein expression was observed in human cortex and substantia nigra lysates from Lewy body dementia patients compared to controls. Taken together, our findings define a novel role for MerTK in mediating the uptake of alpha-synuclein fibrils by human microglia, with possible involvement in limiting alpha-synuclein spread in synucleinopathies such as Parkinson's disease. Upregulation of this pathway in synucleinopathies could have therapeutic values in enhancing alpha-synuclein fibril clearance in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-France Dorion
- Early Drug Discovery Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal H3A 2B4, Canada
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal H3A 2B4, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Moein Yaqubi
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal H3A 2B4, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Konstantin Senkevich
- McGill Parkinson Program and Neurodegenerative Diseases Group, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal H3A 2B4, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal H3A 0C7, Canada
| | - Nicholas W Kieran
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Adam MacDonald
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal H3A 2B4, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Carol X Q Chen
- Early Drug Discovery Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal H3A 2B4, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Wen Luo
- Early Drug Discovery Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal H3A 2B4, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Amber Wallis
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Irina Shlaifer
- Early Drug Discovery Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal H3A 2B4, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Jeffery A Hall
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Roy W R Dudley
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University Health Centers, Montreal H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Ian A Glass
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | | | - Jo Anne Stratton
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal H3A 2B4, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Edward A Fon
- Early Drug Discovery Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal H3A 2B4, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal H3A 2B4, Canada
- McGill Parkinson Program and Neurodegenerative Diseases Group, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Tim Bartels
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Jack P Antel
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal H3A 2B4, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Ziv Gan-or
- McGill Parkinson Program and Neurodegenerative Diseases Group, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal H3A 2B4, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal H3A 0C7, Canada
| | - Thomas M Durcan
- Early Drug Discovery Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal H3A 2B4, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Luke M Healy
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal H3A 2B4, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal H3A 2B4, Canada
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48
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Lapshina KV, Ekimova IV. Aquaporin-4 and Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1672. [PMID: 38338949 PMCID: PMC10855351 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The water-selective channel aquaporin-4 (AQP4) is implicated in water homeostasis and the functioning of the glymphatic system, which eliminates various metabolites from the brain tissue, including amyloidogenic proteins. Misfolding of the α-synuclein protein and its post-translational modifications play a crucial role in the development of Parkinson's disease (PD) and other synucleopathies, leading to the formation of cytotoxic oligomers and aggregates that cause neurodegeneration. Human and animal studies have shown an interconnection between AQP4 dysfunction and α-synuclein accumulation; however, the specific role of AQP4 in these mechanisms remains unclear. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the role of AQP4 dysfunction in the progression of α-synuclein pathology, considering the possible effects of AQP4 dysregulation on brain molecular mechanisms that can impact α-synuclein modification, accumulation and aggregation. It also highlights future directions that can help study the role of AQP4 in the functioning of the protective mechanisms of the brain during the development of PD and other neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ksenia V. Lapshina
- Laboratory of Comparative Thermophysiology, Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of RAS, 194223 Saint Petersburg, Russia;
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49
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Hansen ML, Ambjørn M, Harndahl MN, Benned-Jensen T, Fog K, Bjerregaard-Andersen K, Sotty F. Characterization of pSer129-αSyn Pathology and Neurofilament Light-Chain Release across In Vivo, Ex Vivo, and In Vitro Models of Pre-Formed-Fibril-Induced αSyn Aggregation. Cells 2024; 13:253. [PMID: 38334646 PMCID: PMC10854598 DOI: 10.3390/cells13030253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Protein aggregation is a predominant feature of many neurodegenerative diseases, including synucleinopathies, which are characterized by cellular inclusions containing α-Synuclein (αSyn) phosphorylated at serine 129 (pSer129). In the present study, we characterized the development of αSyn pre-formed fibril (PFF)-induced pSer129-αSyn pathology in F28tg mice overexpressing human wild-type αSyn, as well as in ex vivo organotypic cultures and in vitro primary cultures from the same mouse model. Concurrently, we collected cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from mice and conditioned media from ex vivo and in vitro cultures and quantified the levels of neurofilament light chain (NFL), a biomarker of neurodegeneration. We found that the intra-striatal injection of PFFs induces the progressive spread of pSer129-αSyn pathology and microglial activation in vivo, as well as modest increases in NFL levels in the CSF. Similarly, PFF-induced αSyn pathology occurs progressively in ex vivo organotypic slice cultures and is accompanied by significant increases in NFL release into the media. Using in vitro primary hippocampal cultures, we further confirmed that pSer129-αSyn pathology and NFL release occur in a manner that correlates with the fibril dose and the level of the αSyn protein. Overall, we demonstrate that αSyn pathology is associated with NFL release across preclinical models of seeded αSyn aggregation and that the pharmacological inhibition of αSyn aggregation in vitro also significantly reduces NFL release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja L. Hansen
- Neuroscience, Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, H. Lundbeck A/S, Valby, 2500 Copenhagen, Denmark; (M.L.H.); (M.A.); (K.F.)
| | - Malene Ambjørn
- Neuroscience, Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, H. Lundbeck A/S, Valby, 2500 Copenhagen, Denmark; (M.L.H.); (M.A.); (K.F.)
| | - Mikkel N. Harndahl
- Biotherapeutic Discovery, H. Lundbeck A/S, Valby, 2500 Copenhagen, Denmark; (M.N.H.); (K.B.-A.)
| | - Tau Benned-Jensen
- Neuroscience, Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, H. Lundbeck A/S, Valby, 2500 Copenhagen, Denmark; (M.L.H.); (M.A.); (K.F.)
| | - Karina Fog
- Neuroscience, Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, H. Lundbeck A/S, Valby, 2500 Copenhagen, Denmark; (M.L.H.); (M.A.); (K.F.)
| | | | - Florence Sotty
- Neuroscience, Histology and Pathology Models, H. Lundbeck A/S, Valby, 2500 Copenhagen, Denmark
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50
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Ganegamage S, Ramirez E, Alnakhala H, Tripathi A, Nguyen CCD, Zami A, Ostafe R, Tian S, Dettmer U, Fortin JS. 1,4-Diurea- and 1,4-Dithiourea-Substituted Aromatic Derivatives Selectively Inhibit α-Synuclein Oligomer Formation In Vitro. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:1216-1229. [PMID: 38222653 PMCID: PMC10785335 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c07453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease, affecting the elderly population worldwide. In PD, the misfolding of α-synuclein (α-syn) results in the formation of inclusions referred to as Lewy bodies (LB) in midbrain neurons of the substantia nigra and other specific brain localizations, which is associated with neurodegeneration. There are no approved strategies to reduce the formation of LB in the neurons of patients with PD. Our drug discovery program focuses on the synthesis of urea and thiourea compounds coupled with aminoindole moieties to abrogate α-syn aggregation and to slow down the progression of PD. We synthesized several urea and thiourea analogues with a central 1,4-phenyl diurea/thiourea linkage and evaluated their effectiveness in reducing α-syn aggregation with a special focus on the selective inhibition of oligomer formation among other proteins. We utilized biophysical methods such as thioflavin T (ThT) fluorescence assays, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), photoinduced cross-linking of unmodified proteins (PICUP), as well as M17D intracellular inclusion cell-based assays to evaluate the antiaggregation properties and cellular protection of our best compounds. Our results identified compound 1 as the best compound in reducing α-syn fibril formation via ThT assays. The antioligomer formation of compound 1 was subsequently superseded by compound 2. Both compounds selectively curtailed the oligomer formation of α-syn but not tau 4R isoforms (0N4R, 2N4R) or p-tau (isoform 1N4R). Compounds 1 and 2 failed to abrogate tau 0N3R fibril formation by ThT and atomic force microscopy. Compound 2 was best at reducing the formation of recombinant α-syn fibrils by TEM. In contrast to compound 2, compound 1 reduced the formation of α-syn inclusions in M17D neuroblastoma cells in a dose-dependent manner. Compound 1 may provide molecular scaffolds for the optimization of symmetric molecules for its α-syn antiaggregation activity with potential therapeutic applications and development of small molecules in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susantha
K. Ganegamage
- Department
of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Eduardo Ramirez
- Department
of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Heba Alnakhala
- Ann
Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical
School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Arati Tripathi
- Ann
Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical
School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Cuong Calvin Duc Nguyen
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Purdue
University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Ashique Zami
- Purdue
Institute for Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Raluca Ostafe
- Purdue
Institute for Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Shiliang Tian
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Purdue
University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Ulf Dettmer
- Ann
Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical
School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Jessica S. Fortin
- Department
of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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