1
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Eliasof A, Liu-Chen LY, Li Y. Peptide-derived ligands for the discovery of safer opioid analgesics. Drug Discov Today 2024; 29:103950. [PMID: 38514040 PMCID: PMC11127667 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2024.103950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Drugs targeting the μ-opioid receptor (MOR) remain the most efficacious analgesics for the treatment of pain, but activation of MOR with current opioid analgesics also produces harmful side effects, notably physical dependence, addiction, and respiratory depression. Opioid peptides have been accepted as promising candidates for the development of safer and more efficacious analgesics. To develop peptide-based opioid analgesics, strategies such as modification of endogenous opioid peptides, development of multifunctional opioid peptides, G protein-biased opioid peptides, and peripherally restricted opioid peptides have been reported. This review seeks to provide an overview of the opioid peptides that produce potent antinociception with much reduced side effects in animal models and highlight the potential advantages of peptides as safer opioid analgesics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbe Eliasof
- College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Lee-Yuan Liu-Chen
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Yangmei Li
- College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA.
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2
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Smith MT, Kong D, Kuo A, Imam MZ, Williams CM. Multitargeted Opioid Ligand Discovery as a Strategy to Retain Analgesia and Reduce Opioid-Related Adverse Effects. J Med Chem 2023; 66:3746-3784. [PMID: 36856340 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
The global "opioid crisis" has placed enormous pressure on the opioid ligand discovery community to produce novel opioid analgesics with superior opioid-related adverse-effect profiles compared with morphine. In this Perspective, the multitargeted opioid ligand strategy for the discovery of opioid analgesics with superior preclinical therapeutic indices relative to morphine is reviewed and discussed. Dual-targeted μ-opioid (MOP)/δ-opioid (DOP) ligands in which the in vitro DOP antagonist potency at least equals that of the MOP agonist activity, and are devoid of DOP or κ-opioid (KOP) agonist activity, are sufficiently promising candidates to warrant further investigation. Dual-targeted MOP/NOP partial agonists have superior preclinical therapeutic indices to morphine and/or fentanyl in nonhuman primates and are also considered promising. Based on the poor preclinical and clinical therapeutic indices of cebranopadol, which is a full agonist at MOP, DOP, and NOP receptors and a partial agonist at the KOP receptor, this pharmacologic template should be avoided.
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3
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Lee YS. Peptidomimetics and Their Applications for Opioid Peptide Drug Discovery. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12091241. [PMID: 36139079 PMCID: PMC9496382 DOI: 10.3390/biom12091241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite various advantages, opioid peptides have been limited in their therapeutic uses due to the main drawbacks in metabolic stability, blood-brain barrier permeability, and bioavailability. Therefore, extensive studies have focused on overcoming the problems and optimizing the therapeutic potential. Currently, numerous peptide-based drugs are being marketed thanks to new synthetic strategies for optimizing metabolism and alternative routes of administration. This tutorial review briefly introduces the history and role of natural opioid peptides and highlights the key findings on their structure-activity relationships for the opioid receptors. It discusses details on opioid peptidomimetics applied to develop therapeutic candidates for the treatment of pain from the pharmacological and structural points of view. The main focus is the current status of various mimetic tools and the successful applications summarized in tables and figures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon Sun Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
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4
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Signori D, Magliocca A, Hayashida K, Graw JA, Malhotra R, Bellani G, Berra L, Rezoagli E. Inhaled nitric oxide: role in the pathophysiology of cardio-cerebrovascular and respiratory diseases. Intensive Care Med Exp 2022; 10:28. [PMID: 35754072 PMCID: PMC9234017 DOI: 10.1186/s40635-022-00455-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a key molecule in the biology of human life. NO is involved in the physiology of organ viability and in the pathophysiology of organ dysfunction, respectively. In this narrative review, we aimed at elucidating the mechanisms behind the role of NO in the respiratory and cardio-cerebrovascular systems, in the presence of a healthy or dysfunctional endothelium. NO is a key player in maintaining multiorgan viability with adequate organ blood perfusion. We report on its physiological endogenous production and effects in the circulation and within the lungs, as well as the pathophysiological implication of its disturbances related to NO depletion and excess. The review covers from preclinical information about endogenous NO produced by nitric oxide synthase (NOS) to the potential therapeutic role of exogenous NO (inhaled nitric oxide, iNO). Moreover, the importance of NO in several clinical conditions in critically ill patients such as hypoxemia, pulmonary hypertension, hemolysis, cerebrovascular events and ischemia-reperfusion syndrome is evaluated in preclinical and clinical settings. Accordingly, the mechanism behind the beneficial iNO treatment in hypoxemia and pulmonary hypertension is investigated. Furthermore, investigating the pathophysiology of brain injury, cardiopulmonary bypass, and red blood cell and artificial hemoglobin transfusion provides a focus on the potential role of NO as a protective molecule in multiorgan dysfunction. Finally, the preclinical toxicology of iNO and the antimicrobial role of NO-including its recent investigation on its role against the Sars-CoV2 infection during the COVID-19 pandemic-are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Signori
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Aurora Magliocca
- Department of Medical Physiopathology and Transplants, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Kei Hayashida
- Laboratory for Critical Care Physiology, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health System, Manhasset, NY, USA
- Department of Emergency Medicine, North Shore University Hospital, Northwell Health System, Manhasset, NY, USA
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jan A Graw
- Department of Anesthesiology and Operative Intensive Care Medicine, CCM/CVK Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- ARDS/ECMO Centrum Charité, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rajeev Malhotra
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Giacomo Bellani
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
- Department of Emergency and Intensive Care, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Berra
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Respiratory Care Department, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Emanuele Rezoagli
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy.
- Department of Emergency and Intensive Care, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy.
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5
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Corvino A, Cerqua I, Lo Bianco A, Caliendo G, Fiorino F, Frecentese F, Magli E, Morelli E, Perissutti E, Santagada V, Cirino G, Granato E, Roviezzo F, Puliti E, Bernacchioni C, Lavecchia A, Donati C, Severino B. Antagonizing S1P 3 Receptor with Cell-Penetrating Pepducins in Skeletal Muscle Fibrosis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168861. [PMID: 34445567 PMCID: PMC8396189 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
S1P is the final product of sphingolipid metabolism, which interacts with five widely expressed GPCRs (S1P1-5). Increasing numbers of studies have indicated the importance of S1P3 in various pathophysiological processes. Recently, we have identified a pepducin (compound KRX-725-II) acting as an S1P3 receptor antagonist. Here, aiming to optimize the activity and selectivity profile of the described compound, we have synthesized a series of derivatives in which Tyr, in position 4, has been substituted with several natural aromatic and unnatural aromatic and non-aromatic amino acids. All the compounds were evaluated for their ability to inhibit vascular relaxation induced by KRX-725 (as S1P3 selective pepducin agonist) and KRX-722 (an S1P1-selective pepducin agonist). Those selective towards S1P3 (compounds V and VII) were also evaluated for their ability to inhibit skeletal muscle fibrosis. Finally, molecular dynamics simulations were performed to derive information on the preferred conformations of selective and unselective antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Corvino
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples «Federico II», Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (A.C.); (I.C.); (A.L.B.); (G.C.); (F.F.); (F.F.); (E.M.); (E.M.); (E.P.); (V.S.); (G.C.); (E.G.); (F.R.); (A.L.)
| | - Ida Cerqua
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples «Federico II», Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (A.C.); (I.C.); (A.L.B.); (G.C.); (F.F.); (F.F.); (E.M.); (E.M.); (E.P.); (V.S.); (G.C.); (E.G.); (F.R.); (A.L.)
| | - Alessandra Lo Bianco
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples «Federico II», Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (A.C.); (I.C.); (A.L.B.); (G.C.); (F.F.); (F.F.); (E.M.); (E.M.); (E.P.); (V.S.); (G.C.); (E.G.); (F.R.); (A.L.)
| | - Giuseppe Caliendo
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples «Federico II», Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (A.C.); (I.C.); (A.L.B.); (G.C.); (F.F.); (F.F.); (E.M.); (E.M.); (E.P.); (V.S.); (G.C.); (E.G.); (F.R.); (A.L.)
| | - Ferdinando Fiorino
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples «Federico II», Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (A.C.); (I.C.); (A.L.B.); (G.C.); (F.F.); (F.F.); (E.M.); (E.M.); (E.P.); (V.S.); (G.C.); (E.G.); (F.R.); (A.L.)
| | - Francesco Frecentese
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples «Federico II», Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (A.C.); (I.C.); (A.L.B.); (G.C.); (F.F.); (F.F.); (E.M.); (E.M.); (E.P.); (V.S.); (G.C.); (E.G.); (F.R.); (A.L.)
| | - Elisa Magli
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples «Federico II», Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (A.C.); (I.C.); (A.L.B.); (G.C.); (F.F.); (F.F.); (E.M.); (E.M.); (E.P.); (V.S.); (G.C.); (E.G.); (F.R.); (A.L.)
| | - Elena Morelli
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples «Federico II», Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (A.C.); (I.C.); (A.L.B.); (G.C.); (F.F.); (F.F.); (E.M.); (E.M.); (E.P.); (V.S.); (G.C.); (E.G.); (F.R.); (A.L.)
| | - Elisa Perissutti
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples «Federico II», Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (A.C.); (I.C.); (A.L.B.); (G.C.); (F.F.); (F.F.); (E.M.); (E.M.); (E.P.); (V.S.); (G.C.); (E.G.); (F.R.); (A.L.)
| | - Vincenzo Santagada
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples «Federico II», Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (A.C.); (I.C.); (A.L.B.); (G.C.); (F.F.); (F.F.); (E.M.); (E.M.); (E.P.); (V.S.); (G.C.); (E.G.); (F.R.); (A.L.)
| | - Giuseppe Cirino
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples «Federico II», Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (A.C.); (I.C.); (A.L.B.); (G.C.); (F.F.); (F.F.); (E.M.); (E.M.); (E.P.); (V.S.); (G.C.); (E.G.); (F.R.); (A.L.)
| | - Elisabetta Granato
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples «Federico II», Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (A.C.); (I.C.); (A.L.B.); (G.C.); (F.F.); (F.F.); (E.M.); (E.M.); (E.P.); (V.S.); (G.C.); (E.G.); (F.R.); (A.L.)
| | - Fiorentina Roviezzo
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples «Federico II», Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (A.C.); (I.C.); (A.L.B.); (G.C.); (F.F.); (F.F.); (E.M.); (E.M.); (E.P.); (V.S.); (G.C.); (E.G.); (F.R.); (A.L.)
| | - Elisa Puliti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, Viale GB Morgagni 50, 50134 Firenze, Italy; (E.P.); (C.B.); (C.D.)
| | - Caterina Bernacchioni
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, Viale GB Morgagni 50, 50134 Firenze, Italy; (E.P.); (C.B.); (C.D.)
| | - Antonio Lavecchia
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples «Federico II», Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (A.C.); (I.C.); (A.L.B.); (G.C.); (F.F.); (F.F.); (E.M.); (E.M.); (E.P.); (V.S.); (G.C.); (E.G.); (F.R.); (A.L.)
| | - Chiara Donati
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, Viale GB Morgagni 50, 50134 Firenze, Italy; (E.P.); (C.B.); (C.D.)
| | - Beatrice Severino
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples «Federico II», Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (A.C.); (I.C.); (A.L.B.); (G.C.); (F.F.); (F.F.); (E.M.); (E.M.); (E.P.); (V.S.); (G.C.); (E.G.); (F.R.); (A.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-081-679-828
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6
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De Neve J, Barlow TMA, Tourwé D, Bihel F, Simonin F, Ballet S. Comprehensive overview of biased pharmacology at the opioid receptors: biased ligands and bias factors. RSC Med Chem 2021; 12:828-870. [PMID: 34223156 PMCID: PMC8221262 DOI: 10.1039/d1md00041a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the main challenges in contemporary medicinal chemistry is the development of safer analgesics, used in the treatment of pain. Currently, moderate to severe pain is still treated with the "gold standard" opioids whose long-term often leads to severe side effects. With the discovery of biased agonism, the importance of this area of pharmacology has grown exponentially over the past decade. Of these side effects, tolerance, opioid misuse, physical dependence and substance use disorder (SUD) stand out, since these have led to many deaths over the past decades in both USA and Europe. New therapeutic molecules that induce a biased response at the opioid receptors (MOR, DOR, KOR and NOP receptor) are able to circumvent these side effects and, consequently, serve as more advantageous therapies with great promise. The concept of biased signaling extends far beyond the already sizeable field of GPCR pharmacology and covering everything would be vastly outside the scope of this review which consequently covers the biased ligands acting at the opioid family of receptors. The limitation of quantifying bias, however, makes this a controversial subject, where it is dependent on the reference ligand, the equation or the assay used for the quantification. Hence, the major issue in the field of biased ligands remains the translation of the in vitro profiles of biased signaling, with corresponding bias factors to in vivo profiles showing the presence or the lack of specific side effects. This review comprises a comprehensive overview of biased ligands in addition to their bias factors at individual members of the opioid family of receptors, as well as bifunctional ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolien De Neve
- Research Group of Organic Chemistry, Departments of Chemistry and Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel Brussels Belgium
| | - Thomas M A Barlow
- Research Group of Organic Chemistry, Departments of Chemistry and Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel Brussels Belgium
| | - Dirk Tourwé
- Research Group of Organic Chemistry, Departments of Chemistry and Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel Brussels Belgium
| | - Frédéric Bihel
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Thérapeutique, Faculté de Pharmacie, UMR 7200, CNRS Université de Strasbourg Illkirch France
| | - Frédéric Simonin
- Biotechnologie et Signalisation Cellulaire, UMR 7242, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg Illkirch France
| | - Steven Ballet
- Research Group of Organic Chemistry, Departments of Chemistry and Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel Brussels Belgium
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7
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Design, Synthesis and Functional Analysis of Cyclic Opioid Peptides with Dmt-Tic Pharmacophore. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25184260. [PMID: 32957550 PMCID: PMC7570497 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25184260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The opioid receptors are members of the G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) family and are known to modulate a variety of biological functions, including pain perception. Despite considerable advances, the mechanisms by which opioid agonists and antagonists interact with their receptors and exert their effect are still not completely understood. In this report, six new hybrids of the Dmt-Tic pharmacophore and cyclic peptides, which were shown before to have a high affinity for the µ-opioid receptor (MOR) were synthesized and characterized pharmacologically in calcium mobilization functional assays. All obtained ligands turned out to be selective antagonists of the δ-opioid receptor (DOR) and did not activate or block the MOR. The three-dimensional structural determinants responsible for the DOR antagonist properties of these analogs were further investigated by docking studies. The results indicate that these compounds attach to the DOR in a slightly different orientation with respect to the Dmt-Tic pharmacophore than Dmt-TicΨ[CH2-NH]Phe-Phe-NH2 (DIPP-NH2[Ψ]), a prototypical DOR antagonist peptide. Key pharmacophoric contacts between the DOR and the ligands were maintained through an analogous spatial arrangement of pharmacophores, which could provide an explanation for the predicted high-affinity binding and the experimentally observed functional properties of the novel synthetic ligands.
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8
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Wtorek K, Piekielna-Ciesielska J, Janecki T, Janecka A. The search for opioid analgesics with limited tolerance liability. Peptides 2020; 130:170331. [PMID: 32497566 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2020.170331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Reducing the well-known side effects of opioids prescribed to treat chronic pain remains unresolved, despite extensive research in this field. Among several options to tackle this problem the synthesis of multifunctional compounds containing hybridized structures gained a lot of interest. Recently, extensively investigated are combinations of opioid agonist and antagonist pharmacophores embodied in a single molecule. To this end, agonism at the μ opioid receptor (MOR) with simultaneous antagonism at the δ opioid receptor (DOR) emerged as a promising avenue to obtaining novel analogs devoid of serious adverse effects associated with morphine-based analgesics. In this review we covered up-to-date research on the synthesis of peptide-based ligands with MOR agonist/DOR antagonist profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karol Wtorek
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | | | - Tomasz Janecki
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland
| | - Anna Janecka
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.
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9
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Kanimozhi R, Arjunan V, Mohan S. Conformations, structure, vibrations, chemical shift and reactivity properties of isoquinoline–1–carboxylic acid and isoquinoline–3–carboxylic acid – Comparative investigations by experimental and theoretical techniques. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.127841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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10
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Hirayama S, Fujii H. δ Opioid Receptor Inverse Agonists and their In Vivo Pharmacological Effects. Curr Top Med Chem 2020; 20:2889-2902. [PMID: 32238139 DOI: 10.2174/1568026620666200402115654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of δ opioid receptor inverse agonist activity induced by ICI-174,864, which was previously reported as an δ opioid receptor antagonist, opened the door for the investigation of inverse agonism/constitutive activity of the receptors. Various peptidic or non-peptidic δ opioid receptor inverse agonists have since been developed. Compared with the reports dealing with in vitro inverse agonist activities of novel compounds or known compounds as antagonists, there have been almost no publications describing the in vivo pharmacological effects induced by a δ opioid receptor inverse agonist. After the observation of anorectic effects with the δ opioid receptor antagonism was discussed in the early 2000s, the short-term memory improving effects and antitussive effects have been very recently reported as possible pharmacological effects induced by a δ opioid receptor inverse agonist. In this review, we will survey the developed δ opioid receptor inverse agonists and summarize the possible in vivo pharmacological effects by δ opioid receptor inverse agonists. Moreover, we will discuss important issues involved in the investigation of the in vivo pharmacological effects produced by a δ opioid receptor inverse agonist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeto Hirayama
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Medicinal Research Laboratories, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5- 9-1, Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Hideaki Fujii
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Medicinal Research Laboratories, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5- 9-1, Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
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11
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Gach-Janczak K, Piekielna-Ciesielska J, Adamska-Bartłomiejczyk A, Wtorek K, Ferrari F, Calo' G, Szymaszkiewicz A, Piasecka-Zelga J, Janecka A. In vitro and in vivo activity of cyclopeptide Dmt-c[d-Lys-Phe-Asp]NH 2, a mu opioid receptor agonist biased toward β-arrestin. Peptides 2018; 105:51-57. [PMID: 29684591 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2018.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Morphine and related drugs, which are the most effective analgesics for the relief of severe pain, act through activating opioid receptors. The endogenous ligands of these receptors are opioid peptides which cannot be used as antinociceptive agents due to their low bioactivity and stability in biological fluids. The major goal of opioid research is to understand the mechanism of action of opioid receptor agonists in order to improve therapeutic utility of opioids. Analgesic effects of morphine are mediated mostly through activation of the mu opioid receptor. However, in the search for safer and more effective drug candidates, analogs with mixed opioid receptor profile gained a lot of interest. Recently, the concept of biased agonists able to differentially activate GPCR downstream pathways, became a new approach in the design of novel drug candidates. It is hypothesized that compounds promoting G-protein signaling may produce analgesia while β-arrestin recruitment may be responsible for opioid side effects. In this report we showed that replacement of the tyrosine residue in the mu-selective ligand Tyr-c[d-Lys-Phe-Asp]NH2 with 2',6'-dimethyltyrosine (Dmt) produced a cyclopeptide Dmt-c[d-Lys-Phe-Asp]NH2 with mu/delta opioid receptor agonist profile. This analog showed improved antinociception in the hot-plate test, probably due to the simultaneous activation of mu and delta receptors but also significantly inhibited the gastrointestinal transit. Using the bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) assay it was shown that this analog was a mu receptor agonist biased toward β-arrestin. β-Arrestin-dependent signaling is most likely responsible for the observed inhibition of gastrointestinal motility exerted by the novel cyclopeptide.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Karol Wtorek
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Medical University, Lodz, Poland
| | - Federica Ferrari
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Pharmacology and Italian Institute of Neuroscience, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Girolamo Calo'
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Pharmacology and Italian Institute of Neuroscience, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Agata Szymaszkiewicz
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Poland
| | - Joanna Piasecka-Zelga
- Institute of Occupational Medicine, Research Laboratory for Medicine and Veterinary Products in the GMP Head of Research Laboratory for Medicine and Veterinary Products, Lodz, Poland
| | - Anna Janecka
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Medical University, Lodz, Poland.
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12
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Gendron L, Cahill CM, von Zastrow M, Schiller PW, Pineyro G. Molecular Pharmacology of δ-Opioid Receptors. Pharmacol Rev 2017; 68:631-700. [PMID: 27343248 DOI: 10.1124/pr.114.008979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Opioids are among the most effective analgesics available and are the first choice in the treatment of acute severe pain. However, partial efficacy, a tendency to produce tolerance, and a host of ill-tolerated side effects make clinically available opioids less effective in the management of chronic pain syndromes. Given that most therapeutic opioids produce their actions via µ-opioid receptors (MOPrs), other targets are constantly being explored, among which δ-opioid receptors (DOPrs) are being increasingly considered as promising alternatives. This review addresses DOPrs from the perspective of cellular and molecular determinants of their pharmacological diversity. Thus, DOPr ligands are examined in terms of structural and functional variety, DOPrs' capacity to engage a multiplicity of canonical and noncanonical G protein-dependent responses is surveyed, and evidence supporting ligand-specific signaling and regulation is analyzed. Pharmacological DOPr subtypes are examined in light of the ability of DOPr to organize into multimeric arrays and to adopt multiple active conformations as well as differences in ligand kinetics. Current knowledge on DOPr targeting to the membrane is examined as a means of understanding how these receptors are especially active in chronic pain management. Insight into cellular and molecular mechanisms of pharmacological diversity should guide the rational design of more effective, longer-lasting, and better-tolerated opioid analgesics for chronic pain management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Gendron
- Département de Pharmacologie-Physiologie, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Sherbrooke, Centre d'excellence en neurosciences de l'Univeristé de Sherbrooke, and Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada (L.G.); Québec Pain Research Network, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada (L.G.); Departments of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Care and Pharmacology, University of California, Irvine, California (C.M.C.); Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (C.M.C.); Departments of Psychiatry and Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, California (M.v.Z.); Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Peptide Research, Clinical Research Institute of Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (P.W.S.); and Departments of Psychiatry, Pharmacology, and Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montréal and Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (G.P.)
| | - Catherine M Cahill
- Département de Pharmacologie-Physiologie, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Sherbrooke, Centre d'excellence en neurosciences de l'Univeristé de Sherbrooke, and Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada (L.G.); Québec Pain Research Network, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada (L.G.); Departments of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Care and Pharmacology, University of California, Irvine, California (C.M.C.); Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (C.M.C.); Departments of Psychiatry and Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, California (M.v.Z.); Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Peptide Research, Clinical Research Institute of Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (P.W.S.); and Departments of Psychiatry, Pharmacology, and Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montréal and Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (G.P.)
| | - Mark von Zastrow
- Département de Pharmacologie-Physiologie, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Sherbrooke, Centre d'excellence en neurosciences de l'Univeristé de Sherbrooke, and Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada (L.G.); Québec Pain Research Network, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada (L.G.); Departments of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Care and Pharmacology, University of California, Irvine, California (C.M.C.); Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (C.M.C.); Departments of Psychiatry and Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, California (M.v.Z.); Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Peptide Research, Clinical Research Institute of Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (P.W.S.); and Departments of Psychiatry, Pharmacology, and Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montréal and Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (G.P.)
| | - Peter W Schiller
- Département de Pharmacologie-Physiologie, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Sherbrooke, Centre d'excellence en neurosciences de l'Univeristé de Sherbrooke, and Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada (L.G.); Québec Pain Research Network, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada (L.G.); Departments of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Care and Pharmacology, University of California, Irvine, California (C.M.C.); Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (C.M.C.); Departments of Psychiatry and Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, California (M.v.Z.); Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Peptide Research, Clinical Research Institute of Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (P.W.S.); and Departments of Psychiatry, Pharmacology, and Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montréal and Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (G.P.)
| | - Graciela Pineyro
- Département de Pharmacologie-Physiologie, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Sherbrooke, Centre d'excellence en neurosciences de l'Univeristé de Sherbrooke, and Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada (L.G.); Québec Pain Research Network, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada (L.G.); Departments of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Care and Pharmacology, University of California, Irvine, California (C.M.C.); Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (C.M.C.); Departments of Psychiatry and Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, California (M.v.Z.); Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Peptide Research, Clinical Research Institute of Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (P.W.S.); and Departments of Psychiatry, Pharmacology, and Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montréal and Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (G.P.)
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Pirisedigh A, Blais V, Ait-Mohand S, Abdallah K, Holleran BJ, Leduc R, Dory YL, Gendron L, Guérin B. Synthesis and Evaluation of a 64Cu-Conjugate, a Selective δ-Opioid Receptor Positron Emission Tomography Imaging Agent. Org Lett 2017; 19:2018-2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b00575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Azadeh Pirisedigh
- Department
of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, ‡Department of Pharmacology and
Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences,
and §Laboratoire de Synthèse
Supramoléculaire, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences,
Institut de Pharmacologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Centre
de recherche du CHUS, 3001, 12e Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Véronique Blais
- Department
of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, ‡Department of Pharmacology and
Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences,
and §Laboratoire de Synthèse
Supramoléculaire, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences,
Institut de Pharmacologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Centre
de recherche du CHUS, 3001, 12e Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Samia Ait-Mohand
- Department
of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, ‡Department of Pharmacology and
Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences,
and §Laboratoire de Synthèse
Supramoléculaire, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences,
Institut de Pharmacologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Centre
de recherche du CHUS, 3001, 12e Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Khaled Abdallah
- Department
of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, ‡Department of Pharmacology and
Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences,
and §Laboratoire de Synthèse
Supramoléculaire, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences,
Institut de Pharmacologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Centre
de recherche du CHUS, 3001, 12e Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Brian J. Holleran
- Department
of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, ‡Department of Pharmacology and
Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences,
and §Laboratoire de Synthèse
Supramoléculaire, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences,
Institut de Pharmacologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Centre
de recherche du CHUS, 3001, 12e Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Richard Leduc
- Department
of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, ‡Department of Pharmacology and
Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences,
and §Laboratoire de Synthèse
Supramoléculaire, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences,
Institut de Pharmacologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Centre
de recherche du CHUS, 3001, 12e Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Yves L. Dory
- Department
of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, ‡Department of Pharmacology and
Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences,
and §Laboratoire de Synthèse
Supramoléculaire, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences,
Institut de Pharmacologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Centre
de recherche du CHUS, 3001, 12e Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Louis Gendron
- Department
of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, ‡Department of Pharmacology and
Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences,
and §Laboratoire de Synthèse
Supramoléculaire, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences,
Institut de Pharmacologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Centre
de recherche du CHUS, 3001, 12e Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Brigitte Guérin
- Department
of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, ‡Department of Pharmacology and
Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences,
and §Laboratoire de Synthèse
Supramoléculaire, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences,
Institut de Pharmacologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Centre
de recherche du CHUS, 3001, 12e Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada
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14
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Van der Poorten O, Knuhtsen A, Sejer Pedersen D, Ballet S, Tourwé D. Side Chain Cyclized Aromatic Amino Acids: Great Tools as Local Constraints in Peptide and Peptidomimetic Design. J Med Chem 2016; 59:10865-10890. [PMID: 27690430 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Constraining the conformation of flexible peptides is a proven strategy to increase potency, selectivity, and metabolic stability. The focus has mostly been on constraining the backbone dihedral angles; however, the correct orientation of the amino acid side chains (χ-space) that constitute the peptide pharmacophore is equally important. Control of χ-space utilizes conformationally constrained amino acids that favor, disfavor, or exclude the gauche (-), the gauche (+), or the trans conformation. In this review we focus on cyclic aromatic amino acids in which the side chain is connected to the peptide backbone to provide control of χ1- and χ2-space. The manifold applications for cyclized analogues of the aromatic amino acids Phe, Tyr, Trp, and His within peptide medicinal chemistry are showcased herein with examples of enzyme inhibitors and ligands for G protein-coupled receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Van der Poorten
- Research Group of Organic Chemistry, Departments of Chemistry and Bio-Engineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel , Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Astrid Knuhtsen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen , Jagtvej 162, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Daniel Sejer Pedersen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen , Jagtvej 162, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Steven Ballet
- Research Group of Organic Chemistry, Departments of Chemistry and Bio-Engineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel , Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Dirk Tourwé
- Research Group of Organic Chemistry, Departments of Chemistry and Bio-Engineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel , Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
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15
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Vicente-Sanchez A, Segura L, Pradhan AA. The delta opioid receptor tool box. Neuroscience 2016; 338:145-159. [PMID: 27349452 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Revised: 05/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the delta opioid receptor has attracted increasing interest as a target for the treatment of chronic pain and emotional disorders. Due to their therapeutic potential, numerous tools have been developed to study the delta opioid receptor from both a molecular and a functional perspective. This review summarizes the most commonly available tools, with an emphasis on their use and limitations. Here, we describe (1) the cell-based assays used to study the delta opioid receptor. (2) The features of several delta opioid receptor ligands, including peptide and non-peptide drugs. (3) The existing approaches to detect delta opioid receptors in fixed tissue, and debates that surround these techniques. (4) Behavioral assays used to study the in vivo effects of delta opioid receptor agonists; including locomotor stimulation and convulsions that are induced by some ligands, but not others. (5) The characterization of genetically modified mice used specifically to study the delta opioid receptor. Overall, this review aims to provide a guideline for the use of these tools with the final goal of increasing our understanding of delta opioid receptor physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Segura
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, United States
| | - Amynah A Pradhan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, United States.
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16
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Kotha S, Misra S, Gopal Krishna N, Bandi V, Saifuddin M, Devunuri N. Diversity-Oriented Approach to 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydroisoquinoline-3-carboxylic Acid (Tic) Derivatives. HETEROCYCLES 2016. [DOI: 10.3987/com-15-s(t)16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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17
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Remesic M, Lee YS, Hruby VJ. Cyclic Opioid Peptides. Curr Med Chem 2016; 23:1288-303. [PMID: 27117332 PMCID: PMC5693220 DOI: 10.2174/0929867323666160427123005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
For decades the opioid receptors have been an attractive therapeutic target for the treatment of pain. Since the first discovery of enkephalin, approximately a dozen endogenous opioid peptides have been known to produce opioid activity and analgesia, but their therapeutics have been limited mainly due to low blood brain barrier penetration and poor resistance to proteolytic degradation. One versatile approach to overcome these drawbacks is the cyclization of linear peptides to cyclic peptides with constrained topographical structure. Compared to their linear parents, cyclic analogs exhibit better metabolic stability, lower offtarget toxicity, and improved bioavailability. Extensive structure-activity relationship studies have uncovered promising compounds for the treatment of pain as well as further elucidate structural elements required for selective opioid receptor activity. The benefits that come with employing cyclization can be further enhanced through the generation of polycyclic derivatives. Opioid ligands generally have a short peptide chain and thus the realm of polycyclic peptides has yet to be explored. In this review, a brief history of designing ligands for the opioid receptors, including classic linear and cyclic ligands, is discussed along with recent approaches and successes of cyclic peptide ligands for the receptors. Various scaffolds and approaches to improve bioavailability are elaborated and concluded with a discourse towards polycyclic peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yeon Sun Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 1306 E. University, P.O. Box 210041, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA.
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18
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Bender AM, Griggs NW, Gao C, Trask TJ, Traynor JR, Mosberg HI. Rapid Synthesis of Boc-2',6'-dimethyl-l-tyrosine and Derivatives and Incorporation into Opioid Peptidomimetics. ACS Med Chem Lett 2015; 6:1199-203. [PMID: 26713104 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.5b00344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The unnatural amino acid 2',6'-dimethyl-l-tyrosine has found widespread use in the development of synthetic opioid ligands. Opioids featuring this residue at the N-terminus often display superior potency at one or more of the opioid receptor types, but the availability of the compound is hampered by its cost and difficult synthesis. We report here a short, three-step synthesis of Boc-2',6'-dimethyl-l-tyrosine (3a) utilizing a microwave-assisted Negishi coupling for the key carbon-carbon bond forming step, and employ this chemistry for the expedient synthesis of other unnatural tyrosine derivatives. Three of these derivatives (3c, 3d, 3f) have not previously been examined as Tyr(1) replacements in opioid ligands. We describe the incorporation of these tyrosine derivatives in a series of opioid peptidomimetics employing our previously reported tetrahydroquinoline (THQ) scaffold, and the binding and relative efficacy of each of the analogues at the three opioid receptor subtypes: mu (MOR), delta (DOR), and kappa (KOR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron M. Bender
- Interdepartmental
Program in Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Nicholas W. Griggs
- Department
of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Chao Gao
- Department
of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Tyler J. Trask
- Department
of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - John R. Traynor
- Department
of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Henry I. Mosberg
- Interdepartmental
Program in Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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19
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Multitarget opioid ligands in pain relief: New players in an old game. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 108:211-228. [PMID: 26656913 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Revised: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Still nowadays pain is one of the most common disabling conditions and yet it remains too often unsolved. Analgesic opioid drugs, and mainly MOR agonists such as morphine, are broadly employed for pain management. MOR activation, however, has been seen to cause not only analgesia but also undesired side effects. A potential pain treatment option is represented by the simultaneous targeting of different opioid receptors. In fact, ligands possessing multitarget capabilities led to an improved pharmacological fingerprint. This review focuses on the examination of multitarget opioid ligands which have been distinguished in peptide and non-peptide and further listed as bivalent and bifunctional ligands. Moreover, the potential of these compounds, both as analgesic drugs and pharmacological tools to explore heteromer receptors, has been stressed.
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20
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Fenalti G, Zatsepin NA, Betti C, Giguere P, Han GW, Ishchenko A, Liu W, Guillemyn K, Zhang H, James D, Wang D, Weierstall U, Spence JCH, Boutet S, Messerschmidt M, Williams GJ, Gati C, Yefanov OM, White TA, Oberthuer D, Metz M, Yoon CH, Barty A, Chapman HN, Basu S, Coe J, Conrad CE, Fromme R, Fromme P, Tourwé D, Schiller PW, Roth BL, Ballet S, Katritch V, Stevens RC, Cherezov V. Structural basis for bifunctional peptide recognition at human δ-opioid receptor. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2015; 22:265-8. [PMID: 25686086 PMCID: PMC4351130 DOI: 10.1038/nsmb.2965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bi-functional μ- and δ- opioid receptor (OR) ligands are potential therapeutic alternatives to alkaloid opiate analgesics with diminished side effects. We solved the structure of human δ-OR bound to the bi-functional δ-OR antagonist and μ-OR agonist tetrapeptide H-Dmt(1)-Tic(2)-Phe(3)-Phe(4)-NH2 (DIPP-NH2) by serial femtosecond crystallography, revealing a cis-peptide bond between H-Dmt(1) and Tic(2). The observed receptor-peptide interactions are critical to understand the pharmacological profiles of opioid peptides, and to develop improved analgesics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Fenalti
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Nadia A Zatsepin
- Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Cecilia Betti
- 1] Department of Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium. [2] Department of Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Patrick Giguere
- 1] National Institute of Mental Health Psychoactive Drug Screening Program, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill Medical School, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA. [2] Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill Medical School, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA. [3] Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill Medical School, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Gye Won Han
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Andrii Ishchenko
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Karel Guillemyn
- 1] Department of Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium. [2] Department of Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Haitao Zhang
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Daniel James
- Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Dingjie Wang
- Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Uwe Weierstall
- Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - John C H Spence
- Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Sébastien Boutet
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California, USA
| | - Marc Messerschmidt
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California, USA
| | - Garth J Williams
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California, USA
| | - Cornelius Gati
- Center for Free Electron Laser Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Oleksandr M Yefanov
- Center for Free Electron Laser Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas A White
- Center for Free Electron Laser Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dominik Oberthuer
- 1] Center for Free Electron Laser Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg, Germany. [2] Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Markus Metz
- 1] Center for Free Electron Laser Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg, Germany. [2] Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Chun Hong Yoon
- 1] Center for Free Electron Laser Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg, Germany. [2] European X-ray Free-Electron Laser Facility (XFEL GmbH), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anton Barty
- Center for Free Electron Laser Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Henry N Chapman
- 1] Center for Free Electron Laser Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg, Germany. [2] Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Shibom Basu
- 1] Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA. [2] Center for Applied Structural Discovery at the Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Jesse Coe
- 1] Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA. [2] Center for Applied Structural Discovery at the Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Chelsie E Conrad
- 1] Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA. [2] Center for Applied Structural Discovery at the Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Raimund Fromme
- 1] Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA. [2] Center for Applied Structural Discovery at the Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Petra Fromme
- 1] Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA. [2] Center for Applied Structural Discovery at the Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Dirk Tourwé
- 1] Department of Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium. [2] Department of Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Peter W Schiller
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Peptide Research, Clinical Research Institute of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Bryan L Roth
- 1] National Institute of Mental Health Psychoactive Drug Screening Program, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill Medical School, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA. [2] Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill Medical School, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA. [3] Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill Medical School, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Steven Ballet
- 1] Department of Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium. [2] Department of Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Vsevolod Katritch
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Raymond C Stevens
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Vadim Cherezov
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
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21
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Synthetic and structural routes for the rational conversion of peptides into small molecules. Methods Mol Biol 2015; 1268:159-93. [PMID: 25555725 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2285-7_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The demand for modified peptides with improved stability profiles and pharmacokinetic properties is driving extensive research effort in this field. The conversion of peptides into organic molecules, as traditional drugs, is a long and puzzled way. Many and versatile approaches have been described for designing peptide mimetics: the substitution of natural residues with modified amino acids and the rigidification and modification of the backbone are the main structural and chemical routes walked in medicinal chemistry. All of these strategies have been successfully applied to obtain active new compounds in molecular biology, drug discovery and design. Here we propose a panoramic review of the most common methods for the preparation of modified peptides and the most interesting findings of the last decade.
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22
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Sanfelice D, Temussi PA. The conformation of enkephalin bound to its receptor: an "elusive goal" becoming reality. Front Mol Biosci 2014; 1:14. [PMID: 25988155 PMCID: PMC4428452 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2014.00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The availability of solid state structures of opioid receptors has prompted us to reconsider a crucial question concerning bioactive peptides: can their conformation be studied without any knowledge of the structure of their receptors? The possibility of giving a meaningful answer to this query rests ultimately on the ease of dealing with the flexibility of bioactive peptides, and amongst them one of the most flexible bioactive peptides, enkephalin. All solution studies of enkephalin hint at an inextricable mixture of quasi isoenergetic conformers. In this study we refer to the only NMR work that yielded inter-residue NOEs, performed at very low temperature. In the present work, we have used the simplest possible docking methods to check the consistency of the main conformers of enkephalin with the steric requirements of the active site of the receptor, as provided by the crystal structure of its complex with naltrindole, a rigid antagonist. We show that the conformers found in the equilibrium mixture at low temperature are indeed compatible with a good fit to the receptor active site. The possible uncertainties linked to the different behavior of agonists and antagonists do not diminish the relevance of the finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Sanfelice
- Molecular Structure, MRC National Institute for Medical Research London, UK
| | - Piero A Temussi
- Molecular Structure, MRC National Institute for Medical Research London, UK ; Dipartimento di Chimica, Universita' di Napoli Federico II Napoli, Italy
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23
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Jida M, Betti C, Schiller PW, Tourwé D, Ballet S. One-pot isomerization-cross metathesis-reduction (ICMR) synthesis of lipophilic tetrapeptides. ACS COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE 2014; 16:342-51. [PMID: 24906051 PMCID: PMC4140390 DOI: 10.1021/co500020a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
An efficient, versatile and rapid
method toward homologue series
of lipophilic tetrapeptide derivatives (herein, the opioid peptides
H-TIPP-OH and H-DIPP-OH) is reported. High atom economy and a minimal
number of synthetic steps resulted from a one-pot tandem isomerization-cross
metathesis-reduction sequence (ICMR), applicable both in solution
and solid phase methodology. The broadly applicable synthesis proceeds
with short reaction times and simple work-up, as illustrated in this
work for alkylated opioid tetrapeptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mouhamad Jida
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Cecilia Betti
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Peter W. Schiller
- Department
of Chemical Biology and Peptide Research, Clinical Research Institute of Montreal, 110 Avenue Des Pins Ouest, Montreal, Quebec H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Dirk Tourwé
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Steven Ballet
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
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24
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Abstract
Opiates are among the oldest medications available to manage a number of medical problems. Although pain is the current focus, early use initially focused upon the treatment of dysentery. Opium contains high concentrations of both morphine and codeine, along with thebaine, which is used in the synthesis of a number of semisynthetic opioid analgesics. Thus, it is not surprising that new agents were initially based upon the morphine scaffold. The concept of multiple opioid receptors was first suggested almost 50 years ago (Martin, 1967), opening the possibility of new classes of drugs, but the morphine-like agents have remained the mainstay in the medical management of pain. Termed mu, our understanding of these morphine-like agents and their receptors has undergone an evolution in thinking over the past 35 years. Early pharmacological studies identified three major classes of receptors, helped by the discovery of endogenous opioid peptides and receptor subtypes-primarily through the synthesis of novel agents. These chemical biologic approaches were then eclipsed by the molecular biology revolution, which now reveals a complexity of the morphine-like agents and their receptors that had not been previously appreciated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavril W Pasternak
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Ave, New York, NY 10065.
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25
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Weltrowska G, Nguyen TMD, Chung NN, Wilkes BC, Schiller PW. N-terminal guanidinylation of TIPP (Tyr-Tic-Phe-Phe) peptides results in major changes of the opioid activity profile. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:5082-5. [PMID: 23932788 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Revised: 07/04/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Derivatives of peptides of the TIPP (Tyr-Tic-Phe-Phe; Tic=1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid) family containing a guanidino (Guan) function in place of the N-terminal amino group were synthesized in an effort to improve their blood-brain barrier permeability. Unexpectedly, N-terminal amidination significantly altered the in vitro opioid activity profiles. Guan-analogues of TIPP-related δ opioid antagonists showed δ partial agonist or mixed δ partial agonist/μ partial agonist activity. Guanidinylation of the mixed μ agonist/δ antagonists H-Dmt-Tic-Phe-Phe-NH2 (DIPP-NH2) and H-Dmt-TicΨ[CH2NH]Phe-Phe-NH2 (DIPP-NH2[Ψ]) converted them to mixed μ agonist/δ agonists. A docking study revealed distinct positioning of DIPP-NH2 and Guan-DIPP-NH2 in the δ receptor binding site. Lys(3)-analogues of DIPP-NH2 and DIPP-NH2[Ψ] (guanidinylated or non-guanidinylated) turned out to be mixed μ/κ agonists with δ antagonist-, δ partial agonist- or δ full agonist activity. Compounds with some of the observed mixed opioid activity profiles have therapeutic potential as analgesics with reduced side effects or for treatment of cocaine addiction.
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Key Words
- (5α,7α,8β-(−)-N-methyl-N-[7-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-1-oxaspiro[4.5]dec-8-yl]benzeneacetamide
- 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid
- 1,3-diisopropylcarbodiimide
- 2-(1H-benzotriazol-1-yl)-1,1,3,3-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate
- 2′,6′-dimethyltyrosine
- 6-chloro-1-hydroxybenzotriazole
- BBB
- Boc
- Cl-HOBt
- DAMGO
- DIC
- DIPP
- DIPP-NH(2)
- DIPP-NH(2)[Ψ]
- DSLET
- Dmt
- ES-MS
- GPI
- Guan
- Guanidinylated opioid peptides
- H-Dmt-Tic-Phe-Phe-NH(2)
- H-Dmt-Tic-Phe-Phe-OH
- H-Dmt-TicΨ[CH(2)NH]Phe-Phe-NH(2)
- H-Tyr-D-Ala-Gly-Phe(NMe)-Gly-ol
- H-Tyr-D-Ser-Gly-Phe-Leu-Thr-OH
- H-Tyr-Tic-Phe-Phe-OH
- H-Tyr-TicΨ[CH(2)NH]Phe-Phe-OH
- HBTU
- HPLC
- MVD
- Peptide synthesis
- TIPP
- TIPP[Ψ]
- Tic
- U69,593
- blood–brain barrier
- electrospray mass spectrometry
- guanidino
- guinea pig ileum
- high performance liquid chromatography
- mouse vas deferens
- tert-butyloxycarbonyl
- δ Opioid antagonists
- δ Partial opioid agonists
- μ Opioid agonist/δ opioid agonists
- μ Opioid agonist/δ opioid antagonists
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Affiliation(s)
- Grazyna Weltrowska
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Peptide Research, Clinical Research Institute of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
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26
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Hruby VJ, Cai M. Design of peptide and peptidomimetic ligands with novel pharmacological activity profiles. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2013; 53:557-80. [PMID: 23294313 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-010510-100456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Peptide hormones and neurotransmitters are of central importance in most aspects of intercellular communication and are involved in virtually all degenerative diseases. In this review, we discuss physicochemical approaches to the design of novel peptide and peptidomimetic agonists, antagonists, inverse agonists, and related compounds that have unique biological activity profiles, reduced toxic side effects, and, if desired, the ability to cross the blood-brain barrier. Designing ligands for specific biological and medical needs is emphasized, as is the close collaboration of chemists and biologists to maximize the chances for success. Special emphasis is placed on the use of conformational (ϕ-ψ space) and topographical (χ space) considerations in design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor J Hruby
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA.
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27
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Lee YS, Qu H, Davis P, Ma SW, Vardanyan R, Lai J, Porreca F, Hruby VJ. Chiral Effect of a Phe Residue in Position 3 of the Dmt 1-L(or D)-Tic 2 Analogues on Opioid Functional Activities. ACS Med Chem Lett 2013; 4:656-659. [PMID: 24648867 DOI: 10.1021/ml400115n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In this letter, we describe a structure-activity relationships study, specifically related to the chirality of third amino acid residue in our H-Dmt-L(or D)-Tic analogues, of which C-terminus is attached to a piperidinyl moiety. Observed selectivities and functional activities of these analogues demonstrated that the chiralities of the second and third position residues are crucial for determining whether these ligands act as antagonists or agonists at the δ opioid receptor, but not at the μ opioid receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon Sun Lee
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry and ‡Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United
States
| | - HongChang Qu
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry and ‡Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United
States
| | - Peg Davis
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry and ‡Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United
States
| | - Shou-Wu Ma
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry and ‡Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United
States
| | - Ruben Vardanyan
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry and ‡Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United
States
| | - Josephine Lai
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry and ‡Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United
States
| | - Frank Porreca
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry and ‡Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United
States
| | - Victor J. Hruby
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry and ‡Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United
States
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28
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Ross NC, Reilley KJ, Murray TF, Aldrich JV, McLaughlin JP. Novel opioid cyclic tetrapeptides: Trp isomers of CJ-15,208 exhibit distinct opioid receptor agonism and short-acting κ opioid receptor antagonism. Br J Pharmacol 2012; 165:1097-108. [PMID: 21671905 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01544.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The κ opioid receptor antagonists demonstrate potential for maintaining abstinence from psychostimulant abuse, but existing non-peptide κ-receptor selective antagonists show exceptionally long activity. We hypothesized that the L- and D-Trp isomers of CJ-15,208, a natural cyclic tetrapeptide reported to be a κ-receptor antagonist in vitro, would demonstrate short-acting, dose-dependent antagonism in vivo, preventing reinstatement of cocaine-seeking behaviour. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Affinity, selectivity and efficacy of the L-Trp and D-Trp isomers for opioid receptors were assessed in vitro in radioligand and GTPγS binding assays. Opioid receptor agonist and antagonist activities were characterized in vivo following i.c.v. administration with the 55°C warm water tail-withdrawal assay. The D-Trp isomer, which demonstrated primarily κ-receptor selective antagonist activity, was further evaluated for its prevention of stress- and drug-induced reinstatement of extinguished cocaine conditioned place preference (CPP). KEY RESULTS The two isomers showed similar affinity and selectivity for κ receptors (K(i) 30-35 nM) as well as κ receptor antagonism in vitro. As expected, the D-Trp cyclic tetrapeptide exhibited minimal agonist activity and induced dose-dependent κ-receptor selective antagonism lasting less than 18 h in vivo. Pretreatment with this peptide prevented stress-, but not cocaine-induced, reinstatement of extinguished cocaine CPP. In contrast, the L-Trp cyclic tetrapeptide unexpectedly demonstrated mixed opioid agonist/antagonist activity. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The L-Trp and the D-Trp isomers of CJ-15,208 demonstrate stereospecific opioid activity in vivo. The relatively brief κ opioid receptor antagonism, coupled with the prevention of stress-induced reinstatement of extinguished cocaine-seeking behaviour, suggests the D-Trp isomer could be used therapeutically to maintain abstinence from psychostimulant abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolette C Ross
- Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, Port St Lucie, FL 34987, USA
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29
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Ambo A, Ohkatsu H, Minamizawa M, Watanabe H, Sugawara S, Nitta K, Tsuda Y, Okada Y, Sasaki Y. Relationship between structure and P-glycoprotein inhibitory activity of dimeric peptides related to the Dmt-Tic pharmacophore. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:2192-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.01.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2011] [Accepted: 01/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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30
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Berezowska I, Lemieux C, Chung NN, Ding J, Schiller PW. Novel TIPP (H-Tyr-Tic-Phe-Phe-OH) analogues displaying a wide range of efficacies at the δ opioid receptor. Discovery of two highly potent and selective δ opioid agonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:1899-902. [PMID: 22325949 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.01.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2011] [Revised: 01/15/2012] [Accepted: 01/17/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Analogues of the δ opioid antagonist peptide TIPP (H-Tyr-Tic-Phe-Phe-OH; Tic=1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline3-carboxylic acid) containing various 4'-[N-(alkyl or aralkyl)carboxamido]phenylalanine analogues in place of Tyr(1) were synthesized. The compounds showed subnanomolar or low nanomolar δ opioid receptor binding affinity and various efficacy at the δ receptor (antagonism, partial agonism, full agonism) in the [(35)S]GTPγS binding assay. Two analogues, [1-Ncp(1)]TIPP (1-Ncp=4'-[N-(2-(naphthalene-1-yl)ethyl)carboxamido]phenylalanine) and [2-Ncp(1)]TIPP (2-Ncp=4'-[N-(2-(naphthalene-2-yl)ethyl)carboxamido]phenylalanine), were identified as potent and selective δ opioid agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irena Berezowska
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Peptide Research, Clinical Research Institute of Montreal, 110 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, QC, Canada H2W 1R7
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31
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A comprehensive study on the putative δ-opioid receptor (sub)types using the highly selective δ-antagonist, Tyr-Tic-(2S,3R)-β-MePhe-Phe-OH. Neurochem Int 2011; 59:192-201. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2011.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2011] [Revised: 04/19/2011] [Accepted: 04/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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32
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Wu Z, Hruby VJ. Backbone alignment modeling of the structure-activity relationships of opioid ligands. J Chem Inf Model 2011; 51:1151-64. [PMID: 21488692 DOI: 10.1021/ci2000852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Opioid studies are an important area of modern medicinal chemistry research. In this study we have provided innovative considerations to some long-standing problems in opioid studies, specifically the opioid pharmacophore and the potential binding modes of opioid ligands. Based on a new peptide backbone-alignment concept that we have developed along with this study, we discuss a wide variety of opioid ligands with respect to their structure-activity relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijun Wu
- ABC Resources , Plainsboro, New Jersey 08536, United States
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33
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Davis MP. Opioid receptor targeting ligands for pain management: a review and update. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2010; 5:1007-22. [DOI: 10.1517/17460441.2010.511473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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34
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Balboni G, Salvadori S, Trapella C, Knapp BI, Bidlack JM, Lazarus LH, Peng X, Neumeyer JL. Evolution of the Bifunctional Lead μ Agonist / δ Antagonist Containing the Dmt-Tic Opioid Pharmacophore. ACS Chem Neurosci 2010; 1:155-164. [PMID: 20352071 DOI: 10.1021/cn900025j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Based on a renewed importance recently attributed to bi- or multifunctional opioids, we report the synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of some analogues derived from our lead μ agonist / δ antagonist, H-Dmt-Tic-Gly-NH-Bzl. Our previous studies focused on the importance of the C-teminal benzyl function in the induction of such bifunctional activity. The introduction of some substituents in the para position of the phenyl ring (-Cl, -CH(3), partially -NO(2), inactive -NH(2)) was found to give a more potent μ agonist / antagonist effect associated with a relatively unmodified δ antagonist activity (pA(2) = 8.28-9.02). Increasing the steric hindrance of the benzyl group (using diphenylmethyl and tetrahydroisoquinoline functionalities) substantially maintained the μ agonist and δ antagonist activities of the lead compound. Finally and quite unexpectedly D-Tic2, considered as a wrong opioid message now; inserted into the reference compound in lieu of L-Tic, provided a μ agonist / δ agonist better than our reference ligand (H-Dmt-Tic-Gly-NH-Ph) and was endowed with the same pharmacological profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianfranco Balboni
- Department of Toxicology, University of Cagliari, I-09124, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Severo Salvadori
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Biotechnology Center, University of Ferrara, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Claudio Trapella
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Biotechnology Center, University of Ferrara, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Brian I. Knapp
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14642
| | - Jean M. Bidlack
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14642
| | - Lawrence H. Lazarus
- Medicinal Chemistry Group, Laboratory of Pharmacology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North 6 Carolina 27709
| | - Xuemei Peng
- Alcohol and Drug Abuse Research Center, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, Massachusetts 02478
| | - John L. Neumeyer
- Alcohol and Drug Abuse Research Center, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, Massachusetts 02478
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35
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Abstract
From a scientific perspective, efforts to understand biology including what constitutes health and disease has become a chemical problem. However, chemists and biologists "see" the problems of understanding biology from different perspectives, and this has retarded progress in solving the problems especially as they relate to health and disease. This suggests that close collaboration between chemists and biologists is not only necessary but essential for progress in both the biology and chemistry that will provide solutions to the global questions of biology. This perspective has directed my scientific efforts for the past 45 years, and in this overview I provide my perspective of how the applications of synthetic chemistry, structural design, and numerous other chemical principles have intersected in my collaborations with biologists to provide new tools, new science, and new insights that were only made possible and fruitful by these collaborations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor J Hruby
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA.
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36
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Berezowska I, Chung NN, Lemieux C, Wilkes BC, Schiller PW. Agonist vs antagonist behavior of delta opioid peptides containing novel phenylalanine analogues in place of Tyr(1). J Med Chem 2009; 52:6941-5. [PMID: 19827750 DOI: 10.1021/jm9004913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The novel phenylalanine analogues 4'-[N-((4'-phenyl)phenethyl)carboxamido]phenylalanine (Bcp) and 2',6'-dimethyl-4'-[N-((4'-phenyl)phenethyl)carboxamido]phenylalanine (Dbcp) were substituted for Tyr(1) in the delta opioid antagonist TIPP (H-Tyr-Tic-Phe-Phe-OH; Tic = tetrahydroisoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid). Unexpectedly, [Bcp(1)]TIPP was a potent, selective delta opioid agonist, whereas [Dbcp(1)]TIPP retained high delta antagonist activity. Receptor docking studies indicated similar binding modes for the two peptides except for the biphenylethyl moiety which occupied distinct receptor subsites. The dipeptide H-Dbcp-Tic-OH was a highly selective delta antagonist with subnanomolar delta receptor affinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irena Berezowska
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Peptide Research, Clinical Research Institute of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec H2W 1R7, Canada
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37
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Balboni G, Trapella C, Sasaki Y, Ambo A, Marczak ED, Lazarus LH, Salvadori S. Influence of the Side Chain Next to C-Terminal Benzimidazole in Opioid Pseudopeptides Containing the Dmt-Tic Pharmacophore. J Med Chem 2009; 52:5556-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jm900686q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gianfranco Balboni
- Department of Toxicology, University of Cagliari, I-09124, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Claudio Trapella
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Biotechnology Center, University of Ferrara, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Yusuke Sasaki
- Department of Pharmacology, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, 4-1 Komatsushima 4-chome, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 981-8558, Japan
| | - Akihiro Ambo
- Department of Pharmacology, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, 4-1 Komatsushima 4-chome, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 981-8558, Japan
| | - Ewa D. Marczak
- Medicinal Chemistry Group, Laboratory of Pharmacology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
| | - Lawrence H. Lazarus
- Medicinal Chemistry Group, Laboratory of Pharmacology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
| | - Severo Salvadori
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Biotechnology Center, University of Ferrara, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy
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38
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Schiller PW. Bi- or multifunctional opioid peptide drugs. Life Sci 2009; 86:598-603. [PMID: 19285088 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2009.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2008] [Revised: 02/12/2009] [Accepted: 02/25/2009] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Strategies for the design of bi- or multifunctional drugs are reviewed. A distinction is made between bifunctional drugs interacting in a monovalent fashion with two targets and ligands containing two distinct pharmacophores binding in a bivalent mode to the two binding sites in a receptor heterodimer. Arguments are presented to indicate that some of the so-called "bivalent" ligands reported in the literature are unlikely to simultaneously interact with two binding sites. Aspects related to the development of bi- or multifunctional drugs are illustrated with examples from the field of opioid analgesics. The drug-like properties of the tetrapeptide Dmt(1)[DALDA] with triple action as a micro opioid agonist, norepinephrine uptake inhibitor and releaser of endogenous opioid peptides to produce potent spinal analgesia are reviewed. Rationales for the development of opioid peptides with mixed agonist/antagonist profiles as analgesics with reduced side effects are presented. Progress in the development of mixed micro opioid agonist/delta opioid antagonists with low propensity to produce tolerance and physical dependence is reviewed. Efforts to develop bifunctional peptides containing a micro opioid agonist and a cholecystokinin antagonist or an NK1 receptor antagonist as analgesics expected to produce less tolerance and dependence are also reviewed. A strategy to improve the drug-like properties of bifunctional opioid peptide analgesics is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter W Schiller
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Peptide Research, Clinical Research Institute of Montreal, 110 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H2W 1R7.
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39
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Dual labeled peptides as tools to study receptors: nanomolar affinity derivatives of TIPP (Tyr-Tic-Phe-Phe) containing an affinity label and biotin as probes of delta opioid receptors. Bioconjug Chem 2009; 20:201-4. [PMID: 19175314 DOI: 10.1021/bc800420t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A general strategy for the design of dual labeled peptides was developed, and derivatives of the delta opioid receptor (DOR) selective antagonist TIPP (Tyr-Tic-Phe-PheOH) containing both an affinity label and biotin were prepared by solid-phase synthesis. Tyr-Tic-Phe-Phe(p-X)-Asp-NH(CH2CH2O)2-CH2CH2NH-biotin (where X = N=C=S or NHCOCH2Br) exhibit nanomolar DOR affinity. The ability to detect receptors labeled with these peptides following solubilization and SDS-PAGE demonstrate the applicability of this design approach for dual labeled peptide derivatives.
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SCHMIDT RALF, WILKES BRIANC, CHUNG NGAN, LEMIEUX CAROLE, SCHILLER PETERW. Effect of aromatic amino acid substitutions in the 3-position of cyclic β-casomorphin analogues on μ-opioid agonist/δ-opioid antagonist properties*. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3011.1996.tb00859.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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41
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Aldrich JV, Kumar V, Dattachowdhury B, Peck AM, Wang X, Murray TF. Solid Phase Synthesis and Application of Labeled Peptide Derivatives: Probes of Receptor-Opioid Peptide Interactions. Int J Pept Res Ther 2008; 14:315-321. [PMID: 19956785 PMCID: PMC2745128 DOI: 10.1007/s10989-008-9144-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Solid phase synthetic methodology has been developed in our laboratory to incorporate an affinity label (a reactive functionality such as isothiocyanate or bromoacetamide) into peptides (Leelasvatanakij, L. and Aldrich, J. V. (2000) J. Peptide Res. 56, 80), and we have used this synthetic strategy to prepare affinity label derivatives of a variety of opioid peptides. To date side reactions have been detected only in two cases, both involving intramolecular cyclization. We have identified several peptide-based affinity labels for delta opioid receptors that exhibit wash-resistant inhibition of binding to these receptors and are valuable pharmacological tools to study opioid receptors. Even in cases where the peptide derivatives do not bind covalently to their target receptor, studying their binding has revealed subtle differences in receptor interactions with particular opioid peptide residues, especially Phe residues in the N-terminal "message" sequences. Solid phase synthetic methodology for the incorporation of other labels (e.g. biotin) into the C-terminus of peptides has also been developed in our laboratory (Kumar, V. and Aldrich, J. V. (2003) Org. Lett. 5, 613). These two synthetic approaches have been combined to prepare peptides containing multiple labels that can be used as tools to study peptide ligand-receptor interactions. These solid phase synthetic methodologies are versatile strategies that are applicable to the preparation of labeled peptides for a variety of targets in addition to opioid receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane V. Aldrich
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS USA 66045
| | - Vivek Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, USA 21201
| | - Bhaswati Dattachowdhury
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS USA 66045
| | - Angela M. Peck
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS USA 66045
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS USA 66045
| | - Thomas F. Murray
- Department of Pharmacology, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE, USA 68178
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Balboni G, Fiorini S, Baldisserotto A, Trapella C, Sasaki Y, Ambo A, Marczak ED, Lazarus LH, Salvadori S. Further studies on lead compounds containing the opioid pharmacophore Dmt-Tic. J Med Chem 2008; 51:5109-17. [PMID: 18680274 DOI: 10.1021/jm800587e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Some reference opioids containing the Dmt-Tic pharmacophore, especially the delta agonists H-Dmt-Tic-Gly-NH-Ph (1) and H-Dmt-Tic-NH-(S)CH(CH2-COOH)-Bid (4) (UFP-512) were evaluated for the influence of the substitution of Gly with aspartic acid, its chirality, and the importance of the -NH-Ph and N(1)H-Bid hydrogens in the inductions of delta agonism. The results provide the following conclusions: (i) Asp increases delta selectivity by lowering the mu affinity; (ii) -NH-Ph and N(1)H-Bid nitrogens methylation transforms the delta agonists into delta antagonists; (iii) the substitution of Gly with L-Asp/D-Asp in the delta agonist H-Dmt-Tic-Gly-NH-Ph gave delta antagonists; the same substitution in the delta agonist H-Dmt-Tic-NH-CH2-Bid yielded more selective agonists, H-Dmt-Tic-NH-(S)CH(CH2-COOH)-Bid and H-Dmt-Tic-NH-(R)CH(CH2-COOH)-Bid; (iv) L-Asp seems important only in functional bioactivity, not in receptor affinity; (v) H-Dmt-Tic-NH-(S)CH(CH2-COOH)-Bid(N(1)-Me) (10) evidenced analgesia similar to 4, which was reversed by naltrindole only in the tail flick. 4 and 10 had opposite behaviours in mice; 4 caused agitation, 10 gave sedation and convulsions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianfranco Balboni
- Department of Toxicology, University of Cagliari, I-09124 Cagliari, Italy.
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Birkas E, Kertesz I, Toth G, Bakota L, Gulya K, Szucs M. Synthesis and pharmacological characterization of a novel, highly potent, peptidomimetic delta-opioid radioantagonist, [3H]Tyr-Tic-(2S,3R)-beta-MePhe-Phe-OH. Neuropeptides 2008; 42:57-67. [PMID: 18068762 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2007.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2007] [Revised: 10/03/2007] [Accepted: 10/11/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
[(3)H]Tyr-Tic-(2S,3R)-beta-MePhe-Phe-OH (where Tic: 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid) with a specific radioactivity of 53.7 Ci/mmol was synthesized and characterized in receptor binding assays at 25 degrees C in rat brain membranes. The specific binding was saturable and displayed high affinity, with a K(D) of 0.16+/-0.005 nM and B(max) of 85.9+/-6.3 fmol/mg protein. NaCl increased its affinity by about 4-fold in membranes of rat brain and Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells stably transfected with the human delta-opioid receptors (hDOR-CHO) showing that the new ligand is an antagonist. The prototypic delta-opioid ligands were much more potent than mu- or kappa-specific ligands in competition assays. The autoradiographic distribution of the binding sites of the new ligand agreed with the known locations of the delta-opioid receptors in rat brain. The unlabeled new ligand was about 7-fold more potent than the parent peptide in competing for the binding sites of [(3)H]Tyr-Tic-(2S,3R)-beta-MePhe-Phe-OH in rat brain membranes. Likewise, the threo-beta-methyl analog was 3.8-fold more potent than the parent compound in antagonizing the effect of DPDPE in the [(35)S]GTPgammaS functional assay in hDOR-CHO membranes. The new, highly potent, conformationally constrained antagonist may be a valuable pharmacological tool in understanding the structural and topographical requirements of peptide ligand binding to the delta-opioid receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Birkas
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 521, H-6701 Szeged, Hungary
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44
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Ioja E, Tourwé D, Kertész I, Tóth G, Borsodi A, Benyhe S. Novel diastereomeric opioid tetrapeptides exhibit differing pharmacological activity profiles. Brain Res Bull 2007; 74:119-29. [PMID: 17683797 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2007.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2007] [Revised: 05/12/2007] [Accepted: 05/16/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A novel opioid peptide antagonist analogue, [3H]Dmt-Tic-(2S,3R)betaMePhe-Phe, derived from the potent, delta-receptor selective TIPP tetrapeptide (Tyr-Tic-Phe-Phe) series was synthesized and radiolabeled by catalytic tritiation of its iodinated precursor peptide. The purified radioprobe exhibited a specific activity of 2.15 TBq/mmol (58 Ci/mmol). The novelty of this compound is that it contains structurally modified tyrosine residue (2',6'-dimethyltyrosine, Dmt1) replacing tyrosine (Tyr1) at the N-terminus, and beta-methyl substituted phenylalanine (betaMePhe3) at the third position. As the configuration of betaMePhe3 side-chain might be different due to diastereomerism, and accordingly can alter the biological activity, both unlabeled threo (2S,3R and 2R,3S) diastereomeric analogues were also prepared and included in this study. The affinity and selectivity (delta-opioid versus mu-opioid receptor) were evaluated by radioreceptor binding assays. Agonist or antagonist potencies were determined in [35S]GTPgammaS binding experiments using Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells selectively expressing delta- or mu-opioid receptors. The equilibrium binding of the radiolabeled peptide derivative [3H]Dmt-Tic-(2S,3R)betaMePhe-Phe to rat brain membranes was saturable and the Scatchard analysis indicated a single binding site with a Kd of 0.3 nM and a Bmax of 127 fmol/mg protein. A study of [3H]Dmt-Tic-(2S,3R)betaMePhe-Phe binding displacement by various receptor-type specific opioid ligands showed the rank order of competitor's potency delta > mu > kappa, suggesting selective labeling of opioid delta-sites. In the functional tests, the (2S,3R) and (2R,3S) peptides exhibited partial agonist behaviour by weakly stimulating regulatory G-proteins in CHO cell membranes transfected with different receptors. Both isomers were quite weak partial agonists at the delta-receptor and reasonable partial agonists at the mu-receptor, with a prevalence of (2S,3R) over (2R,3S) for the mu-receptor. Consistent with these observations both stereomers competitively inhibited the stimulation of [35S]GTPgammaS binding induced by the prototype delta-agonist peptide (pClPhe4)-DPDPE in delta(m) CHO cell membranes, and still the (2S,3R) compound exerted more potent delta-antagonist effect. [3H]Dmt-Tic-(2S,3R)betaMePhe-Phe represents a high affinity new radioligand and also constitute further example of the influence of beta-methyl substitution on the potency and selectivity of TIPP analogues, thus becoming a valuable biochemical and pharmacological tool in opioid research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eniko Ioja
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Temesvari krt. 62, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
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Yu Y, Shao X, Cui Y, Liu HM, Wang CL, Fan YZ, Liu J, Dong SL, Cui YX, Wang R. Structure–Activity Study on the Spatial Arrangement of the Third Aromatic Ring of Endomorphins 1 and 2 Using an Atypical Constrained C Terminus. ChemMedChem 2007; 2:309-17. [PMID: 17285661 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.200600274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of endomorphins (EMs) has opened the possibility of searching for new analgesics. However, the design of peptide analgesics has proven to be very difficult as a result of their conformational flexibility and a lack of clarity in structure-activity relationships (SAR). In EMs, the amino acid side chains exhibit considerable conformational flexibility, especially in the third aromatic ring, which is free to adopt a bioactive conformation. To resolve these problems, a series of C terminus EM analogues, [Xaa(4)-R]EMs, modified through the substitution of Phe(4) with nonaromatic residues and termination with benzyl groups, were designed to generate conformational constrains of the third aromatic ring by amide bond and torsion angles (phi(4) and psi(4)) of Xaa(4). Introduction of (S)-alpha-methyl or (S)/(R)-alpha-carboxamide on the methylene unit of the benzyl group was designed to produce an atypical topographical constraint (phi(5)) of the third aromatic ring rotation. Interestingly, some EM derivatives, with elimination of the C-terminal carboxamide group and significant changes in the address sequence (Phe(4)-NH(2)), still exhibited higher mu-opioid receptor (MOR) affinity than unmodified EMs. In contrast, some analogues with incorrectly constrained C termini displayed very low affinity and pharmacological activities. Thus, our results indicate that these EM analogues, with atypical constrained C termini, provide model compounds with potent MOR agonism. They also give evidence that the proper spatial orientation and conformational restriction of the third aromatic ring are crucial for the interaction of EMs with MOR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Yu
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, 222 Tian Shui South Road, Lanzhou 730000, China
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Fichna J, do-Rego JC, Chung NN, Lemieux C, Schiller PW, Poels J, Broeck JV, Costentin J, Janecka A. Synthesis and Characterization of Potent and Selective μ-Opioid Receptor Antagonists, [Dmt, d-2-Nal4]endomorphin-1 (Antanal-1) and [Dmt1, d-2-Nal4]endomorphin-2 (Antanal-2). J Med Chem 2007; 50:512-20. [PMID: 17266203 DOI: 10.1021/jm060998u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
To synthesize potent antagonists of the mu-opioid receptor, we prepared a series of endomorphin-1 and endomorphin-2 analogues with 3-(1-naphthyl)-d-alanine (d-1-Nal) or 3-(2-naphthyl)-d-alanine (d-2-Nal) in position 4. Some of these analogues displayed weak antagonist properties. We tried to strengthen these properties by introducing the structurally modified tyrosine residue 2,6-dimethyltyrosine (Dmt) in place of Tyr1. Among the synthesized compounds, [Dmt1, d-2-Nal4]endomorphin-1, designated antanal-1, and [Dmt1, d-2-Nal4]endomorphin-2, designated antanal-2, turned out to be highly potent and selective mu-opioid receptor antagonists, as judged on the basis of two functional assays, the receptor binding assay and the hot plate test of analgesia. Interestingly, another analogue of this series, [Dmt1, d-1-Nal4]endomorphin-1, turned out to be a moderately potent mixed mu-agonist/delta-antagonist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Fichna
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Chemistry, Institute of Biomedicinal Chemistry, Medical University, Lodz, Poland
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Lowery JJ, Yeomans L, Keyari CM, Davis P, Porreca F, Knapp BI, Bidlack JM, Bilsky EJ, Polt R. Glycosylation Improves the Central Effects of DAMGO. Chem Biol Drug Des 2007; 69:41-7. [PMID: 17313456 DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-0285.2007.00462.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A series of mu-agonist DAMGO analogs were synthesized and pharmacologically characterized to test the 'biousian' hypothesis of membrane hopping. DAMGO was altered by incorporating moieties of increasing water solubility into the C-terminus via carboxamide and simple glycoside additions. The hydrophilic C-terminal moieties were varied from glycinol in DAMGO (1) to l-serine amide (2), l-serine amide beta-d-xyloside (3), l-serine amide beta-d-glucoside (4), and finally to l-serine amide beta-lactoside (5). Opioid binding and mouse tail-flick studies were performed. Antinociceptive potency (intravenous) increased, passing through a maximum (A(50) approximately 0.2 micromol/kg) for 2 and 3 as membrane affinity versus water solubility became optimal, and dropped off (A(50) approximately 1.0 micromol/kg) for 4 and 5 as water solubility dominated molecular behavior. Intravenous A(50) values were plotted versus hydrodynamic values (glucose units, g.u.) for the glycoside moieties, or the hydrophilic/hydrophobic Connolly surface areas (A(50) versus e(-Awater/Alipid)), and provided either a V-shaped or a U-shaped curve, as predicted by the 'biousian' hypothesis. The mu-selective receptor profile was maintained (K(i)'s = 0.66-1.3 nm) upon modifications at the C-terminus. The optimal 'degree of glycosylation' for the DAMGO peptide message appears to be between 1.25 and 1.75 g.u. (hydrodynamic g.u.), or 0.75 and 0.90 in terms of the surface-derived amphipathicity values.
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MESH Headings
- Amides/chemistry
- Analgesics, Opioid/pharmacology
- Animals
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-/metabolism
- Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-/pharmacology
- Glucose/analogs & derivatives
- Glycine/analogs & derivatives
- Glycosylation
- Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions
- Injections, Intraventricular
- Lactose/analogs & derivatives
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred ICR
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/drug effects
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/metabolism
- Serine/analogs & derivatives
- Solubility
- Water/chemistry
- Xylose/analogs & derivatives
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Affiliation(s)
- John J Lowery
- Department of Pharmacology, University of New England, 11 Hill Beach Rd., Biddeford, Maine 04005, USA
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Tóth G, Ioja E, Tömböly C, Ballet S, Tourwé D, Péter A, Martinek T, Chung NN, Schiller PW, Benyhe S, Borsodi A. β-Methyl Substitution of Cyclohexylalanine in Dmt-Tic-Cha-Phe Peptides Results in Highly Potent δ Opioid Antagonists. J Med Chem 2006; 50:328-33. [PMID: 17228874 DOI: 10.1021/jm060721u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The opioid peptide TIPP (H-Tyr-Tic-Phe-Phe-OH, Tic:1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid) was substituted with Dmt (2',6'-dimethyltyrosine) and a new unnatural amino acid, beta-MeCha (beta-methyl-cyclohexylalanine). This double substitution led to a new series of opioid peptides displaying subnanomolar delta antagonist activity and mu agonist or antagonist properties depending on the configuration of the beta-MeCha residue. The most promising analog, H-Dmt-Tic-(2S,3S)-beta-MeCha-Phe-OH was a very selective delta antagonist both in the mouse vas deferens (MVD) assay (Ke = 0.241 +/- 0.05 nM) and in radioligand binding assay (K i delta = 0.48 +/- 0.05 nM, K i mu/K i delta = 2800). The epimeric peptide H-Dmt-Tic-(2S,3R)-beta-MeCha-Phe-OH and the corresponding peptide amide turned out to be mixed partial mu agonist/delta antagonists in the guinea pig ileum and MVD assays. Our results constitute further examples of the influence of Dmt and beta-methyl substitution as well as C-terminal amidation on the potency, selectivity, and signal transduction properties of TIPP related peptides. Some of these compounds represent valuable pharmacological tools for opioid research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Géza Tóth
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Post Office Box 521, H-6701 Szeged, Hungary.
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Balboni G, Onnis V, Congiu C, Zotti M, Sasaki Y, Ambo A, Bryant SD, Jinsmaa Y, Lazarus LH, Trapella C, Salvadori S. Effect of lysine at C-terminus of the Dmt-Tic opioid pharmacophore. J Med Chem 2006; 49:5610-7. [PMID: 16942034 PMCID: PMC2533050 DOI: 10.1021/jm060741w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Substitution of Gly with side-chain-protected or unprotected Lys in lead compounds containing the opioid pharmacophore Dmt-Tic [H-Dmt-Tic-Gly-NH-CH(2)-Ph, mu agonist/delta antagonist; H-Dmt-Tic-Gly-NH-Ph, mu agonist/delta agonist; and H-Dmt-Tic-NH-CH(2)-Bid, delta agonist (Bid = 1H-benzimidazole-2-yl)] yielded a new series of compounds endowed with distinct pharmacological activities. Compounds (1-10) included high delta- (Ki(delta) = 0.068-0.64 nM) and mu-opioid affinities (Ki(mu) = 0.13-5.50 nM), with a bioactivity that ranged from mu-opioid agonism {10, H-Dmt-Tic-NH-CH[(CH2)4-NH2]-Bid (IC50 GPI = 39.7 nM)} to a selective mu-opioid antagonist [3, H-Dmt-Tic-Lys-NH-CH2-Ph (pA2(mu) = 7.96)] and a selective delta-opioid antagonist [5, H-Dmt-Tic-Lys(Ac)-NH-Ph (pA2(delta) = 12.0)]. The presence of a Lys linker provides new lead compounds in the formation of opioid peptidomimetics containing the Dmt-Tic pharmacophore with distinct agonist and/or antagonist properties.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Dipeptides/chemical synthesis
- Dipeptides/chemistry
- Dipeptides/pharmacology
- Electric Stimulation
- Guinea Pigs
- Ileum/drug effects
- Ileum/physiology
- In Vitro Techniques
- Ligands
- Male
- Mice
- Muscle, Smooth/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth/physiology
- Receptors, Opioid, delta/agonists
- Receptors, Opioid, delta/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/agonists
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/antagonists & inhibitors
- Structure-Activity Relationship
- Tetrahydroisoquinolines/chemical synthesis
- Tetrahydroisoquinolines/chemistry
- Tetrahydroisoquinolines/pharmacology
- Vas Deferens/drug effects
- Vas Deferens/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianfranco Balboni
- Department of Toxicology, University of Cagliari, I-09124, Cagliari, Italy.
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Chen HR, Guo XK, Zhong XB. Syntheses of Aladan and [Ald6]loloatin C and Study on Their Fluorescent Properties. CHINESE J CHEM 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.200690264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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