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Dinh XT, Stanley D, Smith LD, Moreau M, Berzins SP, Gemiarto A, Baxter AG, Jordan MA. Modulation of TCR signalling components occurs prior to positive selection and lineage commitment in iNKT cells. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23650. [PMID: 34880299 PMCID: PMC8655039 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02885-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
iNKT cells play a critical role in controlling the strength and character of adaptive and innate immune responses. Their unique functional characteristics are induced by a transcriptional program initiated by positive selection mediated by CD1d expressed by CD4+CD8+ (double positive, DP) thymocytes. Here, using a novel Vα14 TCR transgenic strain bearing greatly expanded numbers of CD24hiCD44loNKT cells, we examined transcriptional events in four immature thymic iNKT cell subsets. A transcriptional regulatory network approach identified transcriptional changes in proximal components of the TCR signalling cascade in DP NKT cells. Subsequently, positive and negative selection, and lineage commitment, occurred at the transition from DP NKT to CD4 NKT. Thus, this study introduces previously unrecognised steps in early NKT cell development, and separates the events associated with modulation of the T cell signalling cascade prior to changes associated with positive selection and lineage commitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuyen T. Dinh
- grid.1011.10000 0004 0474 1797Molecular & Cell Biology, College of Public Health, Medical & Veterinary Sciences, The Science Place, Building 142, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811 Australia ,Hai Duong Medical Technical University, Hai Duong, Viet Nam
| | - Dragana Stanley
- grid.1023.00000 0001 2193 0854School of Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD 4702 Australia
| | - Letitia D. Smith
- grid.1011.10000 0004 0474 1797Molecular & Cell Biology, College of Public Health, Medical & Veterinary Sciences, The Science Place, Building 142, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811 Australia
| | - Morgane Moreau
- grid.1011.10000 0004 0474 1797Molecular & Cell Biology, College of Public Health, Medical & Veterinary Sciences, The Science Place, Building 142, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811 Australia
| | - Stuart P. Berzins
- grid.1040.50000 0001 1091 4859School of Science, Psychology and Sport, Federation University Australia, Ballarat, VIC 3350 Australia ,grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XPeter Doherty Institute for Immunity and Infection, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3050 Australia
| | - Adrian Gemiarto
- grid.1011.10000 0004 0474 1797Molecular & Cell Biology, College of Public Health, Medical & Veterinary Sciences, The Science Place, Building 142, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811 Australia
| | - Alan G. Baxter
- grid.1011.10000 0004 0474 1797Molecular & Cell Biology, College of Public Health, Medical & Veterinary Sciences, The Science Place, Building 142, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811 Australia
| | - Margaret A. Jordan
- grid.1011.10000 0004 0474 1797Molecular & Cell Biology, College of Public Health, Medical & Veterinary Sciences, The Science Place, Building 142, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811 Australia
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Liu J, You M, Yao Y, Ji C, Wang Z, Wang F, Wang D, Qi Z, Yu G, Sun Z, Guo W, Liu J, Li S, Jin Y, Zhao T, Xue HH, Xue Y, Yu S. SRSF1 plays a critical role in invariant natural killer T cell development and function. Cell Mol Immunol 2021; 18:2502-2515. [PMID: 34522020 PMCID: PMC8545978 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-021-00766-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are highly conserved innate-like T lymphocytes that originate from CD4+CD8+ double-positive (DP) thymocytes. Here, we report that serine/arginine splicing factor 1 (SRSF1) intrinsically regulates iNKT cell development by directly targeting Myb and balancing the abundance of short and long isoforms. Conditional ablation of SRSF1 in DP cells led to a substantially diminished iNKT cell pool due to defects in proliferation, survival, and TCRα rearrangement. The transition from stage 0 to stage 1 of iNKT cells was substantially blocked, and the iNKT2 subset was notably diminished in SRSF1-deficient mice. SRSF1 deficiency resulted in aberrant expression of a series of regulators that are tightly correlated with iNKT cell development and iNKT2 differentiation, including Myb, PLZF, Gata3, ICOS, and CD5. In particular, we found that SRSF1 directly binds and regulates pre-mRNA alternative splicing of Myb and that the expression of the short isoform of Myb is substantially reduced in SRSF1-deficient DP and iNKT cells. Strikingly, ectopic expression of the Myb short isoform partially rectified the defects caused by ablation of SRSF1. Furthermore, we confirmed that the SRSF1-deficient mice exhibited resistance to acute liver injury upon α-GalCer and Con A induction. Our findings thus uncovered a previously unknown role of SRSF1 as an essential post-transcriptional regulator in iNKT cell development and functional differentiation, providing new clinical insights into iNKT-correlated disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Liu
- grid.22935.3f0000 0004 0530 8290State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Menghao You
- grid.22935.3f0000 0004 0530 8290State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yingpeng Yao
- grid.22935.3f0000 0004 0530 8290State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ce Ji
- grid.22935.3f0000 0004 0530 8290State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhao Wang
- grid.22935.3f0000 0004 0530 8290State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Wang
- grid.22935.3f0000 0004 0530 8290State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Di Wang
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhihong Qi
- grid.22935.3f0000 0004 0530 8290State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Guotao Yu
- grid.22935.3f0000 0004 0530 8290State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Sun
- grid.22935.3f0000 0004 0530 8290State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenhui Guo
- grid.22935.3f0000 0004 0530 8290State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Juanjuan Liu
- grid.22935.3f0000 0004 0530 8290State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shumin Li
- grid.22935.3f0000 0004 0530 8290Clinical Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yipeng Jin
- grid.22935.3f0000 0004 0530 8290Clinical Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Tianyan Zhao
- grid.22935.3f0000 0004 0530 8290State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Hai-Hui Xue
- grid.429392.70000 0004 6010 5947Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, NJ USA
| | - Yuanchao Xue
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuyang Yu
- grid.22935.3f0000 0004 0530 8290State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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3
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Immunotherapeutic strategies targeting natural killer T cell responses in cancer. Immunogenetics 2016; 68:623-38. [PMID: 27393665 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-016-0928-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Natural killer T (NKT) cells are a unique subset of lymphocytes that bridge the innate and adaptive immune system. NKT cells possess a classic αβ T cell receptor (TCR) that is able to recognize self and foreign glycolipid antigens presented by the nonclassical class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecule, CD1d. Type I NKT cells (referred to as invariant NKT cells) express a semi-invariant Vα14Jα18 TCR in mice and Vα24Jα18 TCR in humans. Type II NKT cells are CD1d-restricted T cells that express a more diverse set of TCR α chains. The two types of NKT cells often exert opposing effects especially in tumor immunity, where type II cells generally suppress tumor immunity while type I NKT cells can enhance anti-tumor immune responses. In this review, we focus on the role of NKT cells in cancer. We discuss their effector and suppressive functions, as well as describe preclinical and clinical studies utilizing therapeutic strategies focused on harnessing their potent anti-tumor effector functions, and conclude with a discussion on potential next steps for the utilization of NKT cell-targeted therapies for the treatment of cancer.
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Okuno H, Satoh M, Takeuchi E, Eshima K, Terashima M, Komotori J, Habu S, Tamauchi H, Iwabuchi K. Inhibitory function of NKT cells during early induction phase of nickel allergy. Immunobiology 2016; 221:833-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2016.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Revised: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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TANIGUCHI M, HARADA M, DASHTSOODOL N, KOJO S. Discovery of NKT cells and development of NKT cell-targeted anti-tumor immunotherapy. PROCEEDINGS OF THE JAPAN ACADEMY. SERIES B, PHYSICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2015; 91:292-304. [PMID: 26194854 PMCID: PMC4631895 DOI: 10.2183/pjab.91.292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Natural Killer T (NKT) cells are unique lymphocytes characterized by their expression of a single invariant antigen receptor encoded by Vα14Jα18 in mice and Vα24Jα18 in humans, which recognizes glycolipid antigens in association with the monomorphic CD1d molecule. NKT cells mediate adjuvant activity to activate both CD8T cells to kill MHC-positive tumor cells and NK cells to eliminate MHC-negative tumor at the same time in patients, resulting in the complete eradication of tumors without relapse. Therefore, the NKT cell-targeted therapy can be applied to any type of tumor and also to anyone individual, regardless of HLA type.Phase IIa clinical trials on advanced lung cancers and head and neck tumors have been completed and showed significantly prolonged median survival times with only the primary treatment. Another potential treatment option for the future is to use induced pluripotent stem cell (iPS)-derived NKT cells, which induced adjuvant effects on anti-tumor responses, inhibiting in vivo tumor growth in a mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaru TANIGUCHI
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), Yokohama, Japan
| | - Michishige HARADA
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), Yokohama, Japan
| | - Nyambayar DASHTSOODOL
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), Yokohama, Japan
| | - Satoshi KOJO
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), Yokohama, Japan
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Takeda O, Toyama T, Watanabe K, Sato T, Sasaguri K, Akimoto S, Sato S, Kawata T, Hamada N. Ameliorating effects of Juzentaihoto on restraint stress and P. gingivalis-induced alveolar bone loss. Arch Oral Biol 2014; 59:1130-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2014.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Revised: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 06/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Fujii SI, Shimizu K, Okamoto Y, Kunii N, Nakayama T, Motohashi S, Taniguchi M. NKT cells as an ideal anti-tumor immunotherapeutic. Front Immunol 2013; 4:409. [PMID: 24348476 PMCID: PMC3845015 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Human natural killer T (NKT) cells are characterized by their expression of an invariant T cell antigen receptor α chain variable region encoded by a Vα24Jα18 rearrangement. These NKT cells recognize α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer) in conjunction with the MHC class I-like CD1d molecule and bridge the innate and acquired immune systems to mediate efficient and augmented immune responses. A prime example of one such function is adjuvant activity: NKT cells augment anti-tumor responses because they can rapidly produce large amounts of IFN-γ, which acts on NK cells to eliminate MHC negative tumors and also on CD8 cytotoxic T cells to kill MHC positive tumors. Thus, upon administration of α-GalCer-pulsed DCs, both MHC negative and positive tumor cells can be effectively eliminated, resulting in complete tumor eradication without tumor recurrence. Clinical trials have been completed in a cohort of 17 patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancers and 10 cases of head and neck tumors. Sixty percent of advanced lung cancer patients with high IFN-γ production had significantly prolonged median survival times of 29.3 months with only the primary treatment. In the case of head and neck tumors, 10 patients who completed the trial all had stable disease or partial responses 5 weeks after the combination therapy of α-GalCer-DCs and activated NKT cells. We now focus on two potential powerful treatment options for the future. One is to establish artificial adjuvant vector cells containing tumor mRNA and α-GalCer/CD1d. This stimulates host NKT cells followed by DC maturation and NK cell activation but also induces tumor-specific long-term memory CD8 killer T cell responses, suppressing tumor metastasis even 1 year after the initial single injection. The other approach is to establish induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells that can generate unlimited numbers of NKT cells with adjuvant activity. Such iPS-derived NKT cells produce IFN-γ in vitro and in vivo upon stimulation with α-GalCer/DCs, and mediated adjuvant effects, suppressing tumor growth in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Ichiro Fujii
- Laboratory for Immunotherapy, RCAI, RIKEN, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS-RCAI) , Yokohama , Japan
| | - Kanako Shimizu
- Laboratory for Immunotherapy, RCAI, RIKEN, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS-RCAI) , Yokohama , Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Okamoto
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University , Chiba , Japan
| | - Naoki Kunii
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University , Chiba , Japan
| | - Toshinori Nakayama
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University , Chiba , Japan
| | - Shinichiro Motohashi
- Department of Medical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University , Chiba , Japan
| | - Masaru Taniguchi
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, RCAI, RIKEN, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS-RCAI) , Yokohama , Japan
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Teige A, Bockermann R, Hasan M, Olofsson KE, Liu Y, Issazadeh-Navikas S. CD1d-Dependent NKT Cells Play a Protective Role in Acute and Chronic Arthritis Models by Ameliorating Antigen-Specific Th1 Responses. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2010; 185:345-56. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0901693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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9
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Kastrukoff LF, Lau AS, Takei F, Smyth MJ, Jones CM, Clarke SR, Carbone FR. Redundancy in the immune system restricts the spread of HSV-1 in the central nervous system (CNS) of C57BL/6 mice. Virology 2010; 400:248-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2010.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2009] [Revised: 01/05/2010] [Accepted: 02/06/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Taniguchi M, Tashiro T, Dashtsoodol N, Hongo N, Watarai H. The specialized iNKT cell system recognizes glycolipid antigens and bridges the innate and acquired immune systems with potential applications for cancer therapy. Int Immunol 2009; 22:1-6. [PMID: 19858073 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxp104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Invariant NKT (iNKT) cells bridge innate and acquired immunity and play an important role in both protective and regulatory responses. The nature of the response is dictated by the initial cytokine environment: interaction with IL-10-producing cells induces negative regulatory T(h)2/regulatory T cell-type iNKT cells, while that with IL-12-producing cells results in pro-inflammatory T(h)1-type responses. Particularly, in the anti-tumor response, iNKT cells mediate adjuvant activity by their production of IFN-gamma, which in turn activates both innate and acquired immune systems. Thus, upon activation of iNKT cells, both MHC(-) and MHC(+) tumor cells can be efficiently eliminated. On the basis of these mechanisms, iNKT cell-targeted adjuvant cell therapies have been developed and have shown great promise in initial clinical trials on cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaru Taniguchi
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, RIKEN Research Center for Allergy and Immunology, 1-7-22, Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Japan
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Fujiki K, Nakamura M, Matsuda T, Isogai M, Ikeda M, Yamamoto Y, Kitamura M, Sazaki N, Yakushiji F, Suzuki S, Tomiyama J, Uchida T, Taniguchi K. IL-12 and IL-18 induction and subsequent NKT activation effects of the Japanese botanical medicine Juzentaihoto. Int J Mol Sci 2008; 9:1142-1155. [PMID: 19325795 PMCID: PMC2635730 DOI: 10.3390/ijms9071142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2008] [Revised: 05/24/2008] [Accepted: 06/12/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we first measured some cytokine concentrations in the serum of patients treated with Juzentaihoto (JTT). Of the cytokines measured interleukin (IL) -18 was the most prominently up-regulated cytokine in the serum of patients under long term JTT administration. We next evaluated the effects of JTT in mice, focusing especially on natural killer T (NKT) cell induction. Mice fed JTT were compared to control group ones. After sacrifice, the liver was fixed, embedded and stained. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) observations were performed. Although the mice receiving the herbal medicine had same appearance, their livers were infiltrated with massive mononuclear cells, some of which were aggregated to form clusters. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that there was abundant cytokine expression of IL-12 and IL-18 in the liver of JTT treated mice. To clarify what the key molecules that induce immunological restoration with JTT might be, we next examined in vitro lymphocyte cultures. Mononuclear cells isolated and prepared from healthy volunteers were cultured with and without JTT. Within 24 hours, JTT induced the IL-12 and IL-18 production and later (72 hours) induction of interferon (IFN)-gamma. Oral administration of JTT may induce the expression of IL-12 in the early stage, and IL-18 in the chronic stage, followed by NKT induction. Their activation, following immunological restoration could contribute to anti-tumor effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiko Fujiki
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Bokutoh Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Takako Matsuda
- Department of Oral Anatomy, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mariko Isogai
- Department of Oral Anatomy, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Minako Ikeda
- Department of Oral Anatomy, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Yamamoto
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Bokutoh Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mari Kitamura
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Bokutoh Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoko Sazaki
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Bokutoh Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumiatsu Yakushiji
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Bokutoh Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinji Suzuki
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Bokutoh Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junji Tomiyama
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Bokutoh Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Uchida
- Department of Cell Biology, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Ken Taniguchi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Bokutoh Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Oral Anatomy, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Rheumatic Diseases, Tokyo Metropolitan Bokutoh Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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12
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Abstract
Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells as we know them today are a unique subset of mature T cells co-expressing a semi-invariant Valpha14/Vbeta8 TCR and surface markers characteristic of NK cells. The semi-invariant TCR on iNKT cells recognizes glycolipids bound to monomorphic CD1d molecules, leading to rapid cytokine production. The purpose of this historical perspective is to describe how a series of seemingly unrelated findings in the late 1980s and early 1990s crystallized in the discovery of iNKT cells. The story is told from a personal viewpoint, with a particular effort to place both breakthroughs and misinterpretations in the context of their era.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Robson Macdonald
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland.
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Taniguchi T, Tachikawa S, Kanda Y, Kawamura T, Tomiyama-Miyaji C, Li C, Watanabe H, Sekikawa H, Abo T. Malaria protection in beta 2-microglobulin-deficient mice lacking major histocompatibility complex class I antigens: essential role of innate immunity, including gammadelta T cells. Immunology 2007; 122:514-21. [PMID: 17916163 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2007.02661.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
It is still controversial whether malaria protection is mediated by conventional immunity associated with T and B cells or by innate immunity associated with extrathymic T cells and autoantibody-producing B cells. Given this situation, it is important to examine the mechanism of malaria protection in beta(2)-microglobulin-deficient (beta(2)m(-/-)) mice. These mice lack major histocompatibility complex class I and CD1d antigens, which results in the absence of CD8(+) T cells and natural killer T (NKT) cells. When C57BL/6 and beta(2)m(-/-) mice were injected with parasitized (Plasmodium yoelii 17XNL) erythrocytes, both survived from the infection and showed a similar level of parasitaemia. The major expanding T cells were NK1.1(-) alphabeta T-cell receptor(int) cells in both mice. The difference was a compensatory expansion of NK and gammadelta T cells in beta(2)m(-/-) mice, and an elimination experiment showed that these lymphocytes were critical for protection in these mice. These results suggest that malaria protection might be events of the innate immunity associated with multiple subsets with autoreactivity. CD8(+) T and NKT cells may be partially related to this protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyo Taniguchi
- Department of Immunology, Niigata University School of Medicine, Niigata, Japan
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Renukaradhya GJ, Sriram V, Du W, Gervay-Hague J, Van Kaer L, Brutkiewicz RR. Inhibition of antitumor immunity by invariant natural killer T cells in a T-cell lymphoma modelin vivo. Int J Cancer 2006; 118:3045-53. [PMID: 16395717 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.21764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
We have investigated the role of the host's CD1d-dependent innate antitumor immune response in a murine T-cell lymphoma model in vivo. We found that C57BL/6 wildtype (WT) mice inoculated with RMA/S cells transfected with murine CD1d1 died at the same rate as mice inoculated with vector-transfected cells. In contrast, natural killer T (NKT) cell-deficient CD1d or Jalpha18 knockout mice inoculated with CD1d-transfected RMA/S cells survived significantly longer than mice inoculated with vector-transfected RMA/S cells, implicating the involvement of invariant NKT (iNKT) cells in inhibiting antitumor activity in vivo. In contrast to the mutant mice, which produced more of the proinflammatory cytokines IFN-gamma and GM-CSF, WT mice produced significantly elevated amounts of IL-13. Antitumor activity in the knockout mice was not due to the development of CD1d-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes or circulating antibodies. However, iNKT cell numbers were elevated in tumor-bearing mice. Thus, iNKT cells may be playing a negative role in the host's antitumor immune response against T-cell lymphomas in a CD1d-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gourapura J Renukaradhya
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, I46202, USA
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Ishikawa A, Motohashi S, Ishikawa E, Fuchida H, Higashino K, Otsuji M, Iizasa T, Nakayama T, Taniguchi M, Fujisawa T. A Phase I Study of α-Galactosylceramide (KRN7000)–Pulsed Dendritic Cells in Patients with Advanced and Recurrent Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2005; 11:1910-7. [PMID: 15756017 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-04-1453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 332] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Human Valpha24 natural killer T (NKT) cells bearing an invariant Valpha24JalphaQ antigen receptor, the counterpart of murine Valpha14 NKT cells, are activated by a specific ligand, alpha-galactosylceramide (alphaGalCer, KRN7000), in a CD1d-dependent manner. I.v. administration of alphaGalCer-pulsed dendritic cells (DC) induces significant activation and expansion of Valpha14 NKT cells in the lung and resulting potent antitumor activities in mouse tumor metastatic models. We did a phase I dose escalation study with alphaGalCer-pulsed DCs in lung cancer patients. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer or recurrent lung cancer received i.v. injections of alphaGalCer-pulsed DCs (level 1: 5 x 10(7)/m(2); level 2: 2.5 x 10(8)/m(2); and level 3: 1 x 10(9)/m(2)) to test the safety, feasibility, and clinical response. Immunomonitoring was also done in all completed cases. RESULTS Eleven patients were enrolled in this study. No severe adverse events were observed during this study in any patient. After the first and second injection of alphaGalCer-pulsed DCs, dramatic increase in peripheral blood Valpha24 NKT cells was observed in one case and significant responses were seen in two cases receiving the level 3 dose. No patient was found to meet the criteria for partial or complete responses, whereas two cases in the level 3 group remained unchanged for more than a year with good quality of life. CONCLUSIONS In this clinical trial, alphaGalCer-pulsed DC administration was well tolerated and could be safely done even in patients with advanced disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aki Ishikawa
- Department of Immunology and Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
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16
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Godfrey DI, MacDonald HR, Kronenberg M, Smyth MJ, Van Kaer L. NKT cells: what's in a name? Nat Rev Immunol 2004; 4:231-7. [PMID: 15039760 DOI: 10.1038/nri1309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 926] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dale I Godfrey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
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17
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Taniguchi M, Harada M, Kojo S, Nakayama T, Wakao H. The regulatory role of Valpha14 NKT cells in innate and acquired immune response. Annu Rev Immunol 2003; 21:483-513. [PMID: 12543936 DOI: 10.1146/annurev.immunol.21.120601.141057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 529] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
A novel lymphocyte lineage, Valpha14 natural killer T (NKT) cells, is now well established as distinct from conventional alphabeta T cells. Valpha14 NKT cells express a single invariant Valpha14 antigen receptor that is essential for their development. Successful identification of a specific ligand, alpha-galactosylceramide(alpha-GalCer), and the establishment of gene-manipulated mice with selective loss of Valpha14 NKT cells helped elucidate the remarkable functional diversity of Valpha14 NKT cells in various immune responses such as host defense by mediating anti-nonself innate immune reaction, homeostatic regulation of anti-self responses, and antitumor immunity.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Autoimmune Diseases/immunology
- Biological Evolution
- Cell Differentiation
- Humans
- Immune Tolerance
- Immunity, Innate
- Infections/immunology
- Killer Cells, Natural/cytology
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Ligands
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Multigene Family
- Neoplasms/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/metabolism
- Selection, Genetic
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/cytology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- Th1 Cells/immunology
- Th2 Cells/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaru Taniguchi
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, RIKEN Research Center for Allergy and Immunology, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan.
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18
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Naito T, Kawamura T, Bannai M, Kosaka T, Kameyama H, Shimamura K, Hoshi O, Ushiki T, Hatakeyama K, Abo T. Simultaneous activation of natural killer T cells and autoantibody production in mice injected with denatured syngeneic liver tissue. Clin Exp Immunol 2002; 129:397-404. [PMID: 12197879 PMCID: PMC1906459 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2249.2002.01910.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Denatured syngeneic liver tissue prepared by mechanical procedures was intraperitoneally injected into adult C57BL/6 mice. In parallel with a decrease in the total number of lymphocytes in the liver, spleen, and thymus from days 1-7 after the injection, the proportion of the CD4+NK1.1+CD3(int) subset of these cells (i.e. natural killer T or NKT cells) increased in the liver. Even the absolute number of these NKT cells increased in the liver on days 14 and 21. In response to the injection of denatured liver tissue, tissue damage was induced in the liver, as shown by elevated levels of serum transaminases and hepatocyte degeneration observed by electron microscopy. Sera obtained on days 7 and 14 contained autoantibodies including anti-DNA antibodies. The proportion of CD1d(high)B cells in the liver was found to decrease on days 1-7. In other words, denatured liver tissue stimulated both NKT cells and certain B cells in the liver. These results suggest that liver lymphocytes might contain not only autoreactive T cells (e.g. CD3(int) or NKT cells) but also some B cells (e.g. B-1 cells) which produce autoantibodies and that the denatured tissue had the potential to stimulate these lymphocytes and to evoke an autoimmune-like state.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Naito
- Department of Immunology, Niigata University School of Medicine, Japan
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19
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Pellicci DG, Hammond KJL, Uldrich AP, Baxter AG, Smyth MJ, Godfrey DI. A natural killer T (NKT) cell developmental pathway iInvolving a thymus-dependent NK1.1(-)CD4(+) CD1d-dependent precursor stage. J Exp Med 2002; 195:835-44. [PMID: 11927628 PMCID: PMC2193721 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20011544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 307] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of CD1d-dependent natural killer T (NKT) cells is poorly understood. We have used both CD1d/alpha-galactosylceramide (CD1d/alphaGC) tetramers and anti-NK1.1 to investigate NKT cell development in vitro and in vivo. Confirming the thymus-dependence of these cells, we show that CD1d/alphaGC tetramer-binding NKT cells, including NK1.1(+) and NK1.1(-) subsets, develop in fetal thymus organ culture (FTOC) and are completely absent in nude mice. Ontogenically, CD1d/alphaGC tetramer-binding NKT cells first appear in the thymus, at day 5 after birth, as CD4(+)CD8(-)NK1.1(-)cells. NK1.1(+) NKT cells, including CD4(+) and CD4(-)CD8(-) subsets, appeared at days 7-8 but remained a minor subset until at least 3 wk of age. Using intrathymic transfer experiments, CD4(+)NK1.1(-) NKT cells gave rise to NK1.1(+) NKT cells (including CD4(+) and CD4(-) subsets), but not vice-versa. This maturation step was not required for NKT cells to migrate to other tissues, as NK1.1(-) NKT cells were detected in liver and spleen as early as day 8 after birth, and the majority of NKT cells among recent thymic emigrants (RTE) were NK1.1(-). Further elucidation of this NKT cell developmental pathway should prove to be invaluable for studying the mechanisms that regulate the development of these cells.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Animals, Newborn
- Antigens, CD1/genetics
- Antigens, CD1/immunology
- Antigens, CD1d
- CD4 Antigens/genetics
- CD4 Antigens/immunology
- Cytokines/analysis
- Fetus
- Flow Cytometry
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Leukocytes/immunology
- Liver/growth & development
- Liver/immunology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Organ Culture Techniques
- Protein Precursors/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/immunology
- Spleen/embryology
- Spleen/growth & development
- Spleen/immunology
- Thymus Gland/embryology
- Thymus Gland/growth & development
- Thymus Gland/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel G Pellicci
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University Medical School, Prahran, Victoria 3181, Australia
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20
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Brutkiewicz RR, Sriram V. Natural killer T (NKT) cells and their role in antitumor immunity. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2002; 41:287-98. [PMID: 11880205 DOI: 10.1016/s1040-8428(01)00198-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural killer T (NKT) cells have become a major focus for those who study the innate immune response to tumors and infectious diseases, as well as autoimmunity. These novel T lymphocytes produce both Th1 and Th2 cytokines, recognize phospholipid and glycolipid antigens presented by CD1 molecules in a similar manner as peptides are recognized by cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL), and kill tumor cell targets by a perforin-dependent mechanism like NK cells and CTL. These ascribed functions thus demonstrate that NKT cells are a unique cytotoxic effector cell subpopulation with a kaleidoscope of activities. Because they can mediate antitumor effects in vivo with or without the collaboration of NK cells, the study of NKT cells in antitumor immunity may lead to novel treatments based on the ability to manipulate the generation and/or activity of these multifunctional lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randy R Brutkiewicz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine and the Walther Oncology Center, Building R4, Room 302, 1044 W. Walnut Street, Indianapolis 46202, USA.
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21
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Kukreja A, Cost G, Marker J, Zhang C, Sun Z, Lin-Su K, Ten S, Sanz M, Exley M, Wilson B, Porcelli S, Maclaren N. Multiple immuno-regulatory defects in type-1 diabetes. J Clin Invest 2002. [PMID: 11781358 DOI: 10.1172/jci0213605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 416] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Susceptibility to immune-mediated diabetes (IMD) in humans and NOD mice involves their inherently defective T cell immunoregulatory abilities. We have followed natural killer (NK) T cell numbers in patients with IMD, both by flow cytometry using mAbs to the characteristic junctions found in the T cell receptors of this cell subtype, and by semiquantitative RT-PCR for the corresponding transcripts. Both before and after clinical onset, the representation of these cells in patients' PBMCs is reduced. We also report low numbers of resting CD4(+) CD25(+) T cells in IMD patients, a subset of T cells shown to have important immunoregulatory functions in abrogating autoimmunities in 3-day thymectomized experimental mice. Whereas a biased Th1 to Th2 cytokine profile has been suggested to underlie the pathogenesis of IMD in both species, we found defective production of IFN-gamma in our patients after in vitro stimulation of their PBMCs by phorbol-myristate acetate and ionomycin and both IFN-gamma and IL-4 deficiencies in V(alpha)24(+) NK T-enriched cells. These data suggest that multiple immunoregulatory T (Treg) cell defects underlie islet cell autoimmunity leading to IMD in humans and that these lesions may be part of a broad T cell defect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjli Kukreja
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill College of Medicine of Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
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22
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Kukreja A, Cost G, Marker J, Zhang C, Sun Z, Lin-Su K, Ten S, Sanz M, Exley M, Wilson B, Porcelli S, Maclaren N. Multiple immuno-regulatory defects in type-1 diabetes. J Clin Invest 2002; 109:131-40. [PMID: 11781358 PMCID: PMC150819 DOI: 10.1172/jci13605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Susceptibility to immune-mediated diabetes (IMD) in humans and NOD mice involves their inherently defective T cell immunoregulatory abilities. We have followed natural killer (NK) T cell numbers in patients with IMD, both by flow cytometry using mAbs to the characteristic junctions found in the T cell receptors of this cell subtype, and by semiquantitative RT-PCR for the corresponding transcripts. Both before and after clinical onset, the representation of these cells in patients' PBMCs is reduced. We also report low numbers of resting CD4(+) CD25(+) T cells in IMD patients, a subset of T cells shown to have important immunoregulatory functions in abrogating autoimmunities in 3-day thymectomized experimental mice. Whereas a biased Th1 to Th2 cytokine profile has been suggested to underlie the pathogenesis of IMD in both species, we found defective production of IFN-gamma in our patients after in vitro stimulation of their PBMCs by phorbol-myristate acetate and ionomycin and both IFN-gamma and IL-4 deficiencies in V(alpha)24(+) NK T-enriched cells. These data suggest that multiple immunoregulatory T (Treg) cell defects underlie islet cell autoimmunity leading to IMD in humans and that these lesions may be part of a broad T cell defect.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Animals
- Antigens, CD1/genetics
- Antigens, CD1d
- Base Sequence
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Case-Control Studies
- Child
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/immunology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/immunology
- Female
- Humans
- Interferon-gamma/biosynthesis
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Middle Aged
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/genetics
- Receptors, Interleukin-2/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjli Kukreja
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill College of Medicine of Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
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23
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Weerasinghe A, Sekikawa H, Watanabe H, Mannoor K, Morshed SR, Halder RC, Kawamura T, Kosaka T, Miyaji C, Kawamura H, Seki S, Abo T. Association of intermediate T cell receptor cells, mainly their NK1.1(-) subset, with protection from malaria. Cell Immunol 2001; 207:28-35. [PMID: 11161450 DOI: 10.1006/cimm.2000.1737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Mice were infected with Plasmodium (P.) yoelii blood-stage parasites. Both the liver and spleen were the sites of inflammation during malarial infection at the beginning of day 7. The major expanding cells were found to be NK1.1(-) intermediate alphabetaTCR (alphabetaTCR(int)) in the liver and spleen, although the population of NK1.1(+) alphabetaTCR(int) cells remained constant or slightly increased. These TCR(int) cells are of extrathymic origin or are generated by an alternative intrathymic pathway and are distinguished from conventional T cells of thymic origin. During malarial infection, the population of conventional T cells did not increase at all. TCR(int) cells purified from the liver of mice which had recovered from P. yoelii infection protected mice from malaria when they were transferred into 6.5-Gy-irradiated mice. Interestingly, the immunity against malaria seemed to disappear as a function of time after recovery, namely, mice which had recovered from malaria 1 year previously again became susceptible to malarial infection. The present results suggest that TCR(int) cells are intimately associated with protection against malarial infection and, therefore, that mice which had recovered from malaria 1 year previously lost such immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Weerasinghe
- Department of Immunology, Niigata University School of Medicine, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
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24
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Abstract
Invariant CD1d-restricted T cells express NK cell markers and use a limited TCR repertoire. Here, we describe a second CD1d-restricted T cell subset that uses a diverse TCR repertoire. These T cells can also express NK cell markers and function similarly to invariant T cells. The antigens recognized by the diverse subset are likely to be different from those recognized by invariant TCRs. The variable NK1.1 antigen expression on these T cell populations limits its usefulness in identifying CD1d-restricted T cells. Lastly, the discovery of antigens recognized by diverse CD1d-restricted T cells will provide insight into their role in normal and pathological immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Behar
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Smith Building-Room 518, One Jimmy Fund Way, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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25
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Abstract
A novel lymphocyte lineage, V alpha 14 NKT cells, has recently been identified and appears to be distinct from conventional alphabeta T cells. V alpha 14 NKT cells express a single invariant V alpha 14 antigen receptor that is essential for their development. They recognize a glycolipid antigen (alpha -galactosylceramide) or parasitic glycophosphatidylinositols (GPI) in association with a monomorphic class Ib, CD1d, and perform various functions such as Th1 and Th2 cytokine production as well as perforin/granzyme B-mediated cytotoxicity. Although the precise physiological function of V alpha 14 NKT cells remains to be elucidated, emerging experimental evidence suggests their intriguing regulatory features in the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Taniguchi
- CREST (Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology) Project and Department of Molecular Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan.
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26
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Bannai M, Oya H, Kawamura T, Naito T, Shimizu T, Kawamura H, Miyaji C, Watanabe H, Hatakeyama K, Abo T. Disparate effect of beige mutation on cytotoxic function between natural killer and natural killer T cells. Immunology 2000; 100:165-9. [PMID: 10886391 PMCID: PMC2327008 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2567.2000.00040.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Beige mice lack natural killer (NK) cytotoxicity, although NK cells are normally present. In recent studies, NK T cells have been newly identified. We therefore examined the number and function of NK T cells in beige mice. The number of NK T cells was at a normal level in the liver of beige mice. NK cytotoxicity was decreased in the liver of these mice, whereas NK T cytotoxicity was intact. When immunochemical staining for perforin was conducted, the majority of NK cells and the minority of NK T cells in beige mice carried a giant granule, containing perforin, in the cytoplasm. In the case of control B6 mice, the majority of NK cells and the minority of NK T cells had multiple, dispersed granules containing perforin. These results suggest that NK T cytotoxicity is unaffected by the beige mutation, owing to their cytotoxicity being mediated without the secretion system of perforin.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bannai
- Department of Immunology and First Department of Surgery, Niigata University School of Medicine, Niigata, Japan
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27
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Exley M, Garcia J, Wilson SB, Spada F, Gerdes D, Tahir SM, Patton KT, Blumberg RS, Porcelli S, Chott A, Balk SP. CD1d structure and regulation on human thymocytes, peripheral blood T cells, B cells and monocytes. Immunology 2000; 100:37-47. [PMID: 10809957 PMCID: PMC2326993 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2567.2000.00001.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Human T cells expressing CD161 and an invariant T-cell receptor (TCR) alpha-chain (Valpha24invt T cells) specifically recognize CD1d and appear to have immunoregulatory functions. However, the physiological target cells for this T-cell population, and whether alterations in CD1d expression contribute to the regulation of Valpha24invt T-cell responses, remain to be determined. A series of antibodies were generated to assess CD1d expression, structure and regulation on human lymphoid and myeloid cells. CD1d was expressed at high levels by human cortical thymocytes and immunoprecipitation analyses showed it to be a 48 000-MW glycosylated protein. However, after solubilization, the majority of the thymocyte CD1d protein, but not CD1d expressed by transfected cells, lost reactivity with monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against native CD1d, indicating that it was alternatively processed. Moreover, thymocytes were not recognized by CD1d-reactive Valpha24invt T-cell clones. Medullary thymocytes and resting peripheral blood T cells were CD1d-, but low-level CD1d expression was induced on activated T cells. CD1d was expressed by B cells in peripheral blood and lymph node mantle zones, but germinal centres were CD1d-. Resting monocytes were CD1d+ but, in contrast to CD1a, b and c, their surface expression of CD1d was not up-regulated by granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) activation. These results demonstrate constitutive CD1d expression by human professional antigen-presenting cells and that post-translational processing of CD1d may contribute to regulation of the activity of CD1d-specific T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Exley
- Cancer Biology Program, Hematology-Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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28
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Shimizu T, Kawamura T, Miyaji C, Oya H, Bannai M, Yamamoto S, Weerasinghe A, Halder RC, Watanabe H, Hatakeyama K, Abo T. Resistance of extrathymic T cells to stress and the role of endogenous glucocorticoids in stress associated immunosuppression. Scand J Immunol 2000; 51:285-92. [PMID: 10736098 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-3083.2000.00695.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
When mice were exposed to restraint stress for 12 or 24 h, severe lymphopenia was induced in all immune system organs, including the liver and the thymus. However, in adrenalectomized mice, this response was completely absent. Phenotypic characterization revealed that interleukin (IL)-2Rbeta+CD3int cells (i.e. extrathymic T cells) with CD4+ phenotype and the NK1.1+ subset of CD3int cells (i.e. NKT cells) in the liver as well as the mature conventional T cells in the thymus were resistant to such stress. In adrenalectomized mice, there was no significant change in the distribution of lymphocyte subsets in all tested organs before stress. Interestingly, the number of lymphocytes in the liver and spleen and the proportion of NKT cells in the liver rather increased after stress in these adrenalectomized mice. Therefore, endogenous steroid hormones were indicated to be important in the induction of immunosuppressive states after stress. Among stress associated cytokines, the secretion of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha was completely suppressed while that of IL-6 was partially suppressed in adrenalectomized mice. These results suggest that endogenous steroid hormones are important for the induction of the stress associated immunosuppression and that NKT cells are resistant to stress, namely, resistant to exposure to endogenous steroid hormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Shimizu
- Department of Immunology, and; First Department of Surgery, Niigata University School of Medicine, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
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29
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Shimamura M, Huang YY, Suda Y, Kusumoto S, Sato K, Grusby MJ, Sato H, Nakayama T, Taniguchi M. Positive selection of NKT cells by CD1(+), CD11c(+) non-lymphoid cells residing in the extrathymic organs. Eur J Immunol 1999; 29:3962-70. [PMID: 10602005 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1521-4141(199912)29:12<3962::aid-immu3962>3.0.co;2-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Previously, we found that NK1.1(+), TCRalpha beta(+) natural killer T (NKT) cells develop in cytokine-supplemented suspension cultures of fetal liver established from normal, but not from beta2 microglobulin-deficient [beta2m(- / -)] mice, and that recombination-deficient SCID fetal liver can reconstiute NKT cell development in beta2m(- / -) fetal liver cultures. We found here that cells of SCID adult liver, bone marrow, spleen and thymus were able to reconstitute NKT cell development in the former culture system with efficiency comparable to normal thymic cells. The reconstitution of NKT cells was also seen in the bone marrow chimeras that had been administered a combination of beta2m(- / -) and Rag-2(- / -) bone marrow cells. Development of NKT cells was hampered by depletion of CD11c(+) or CD11b(+) cells, but not by removal of B220(+) or Gr-1(+) cells from cultures of normal fetal liver cells. Furthermore CD11c(+), CD11b(+) and / or CD11c(+) CD11b(-) cells (both populations were CD1-dull positive) enriched from Rag-2-deficient fetal livers and pulsed with alpha-galactosylceramide, a possible antigen for NKT cells, were shown to reconstitute the NKT cell development in beta2m(- / -) fetal liver cultures. Collectively, our findings suggest that non-lymphoid cells, presumably CD11c(+), CD11b(+) and / or CD11c(+), CD11b(-) dendritic cells, are involved in the mechanism of positive selection of NKT cells in the thymus and extrathymic organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Shimamura
- Mitsubishi Kasei Institute of Life Sciences Tokyo, Japan.
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30
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Sefrioui H, Billiau AD, Overbergh L, Rutgeerts O, Waer M. Influence of the additional injection of host-type bone marrow on the immune tolerance of minor antigen-mismatched chimeras: possible involvement of double-negative (natural killer) T cells. Transplantation 1999; 68:1560-7. [PMID: 10589955 DOI: 10.1097/00007890-199911270-00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has previously been demonstrated that adding T cell-depleted (TCD) host bone marrow (BM) to an MHC-mismatched BM inoculum allows for induction of long-term stable chimeras without graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) even when non-TCD allogeneic BM was used. AIMS The present study was undertaken to investigate immune tolerance mechanisms in minor antigen-mismatched allogeneic BM chimeras when host-type BM was added to the BM inoculum. METHODS C3H (H2k, Thy 1.2, Mls 2a) recipients were conditioned with 9.5 gray (Gy) of total body irradiation. To exclude any interference with possible subclinical GVHD, 5x10(6) TCD AKR (H2k, Thy 1.1, Mls 1a) BM cells were injected with (syn + allo) or without (allo) 5x 10(6) TCD C3H BM cells. Chimerism, clonal deletion, and T lymphocyte subsets were scored using FACS and anti-mouse Thy, Vbeta6, Vbeta3, CD3, CD4, or CD8 monoclonal antibodies. The stability of tolerance was studied by investigating mixed lymphocyte reaction and cytotoxic T cell induction in chimeras after immunization with host, donor, or third-party (BALB/c) splenocytes. Breaking of chimerism was attempted by injecting nontolerant 40x10(6) host-type splenocytes 2 months after BM transplantation. Cytokines and Valpha14 mRNA were assayed using real time quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction at 4 and 48 hr, respectively, after injection of nontolerant host-type splenocytes. RESULTS Both groups of mice became long-term stable mixed chimeras without any clinical sign of GVHD. Neither group was able to produce antihost nor antidonor cytotoxic T cells, even after immunization. The addition of syngeneic BM to the allogeneic inoculum reduced the overall level of allogeneic chimerism (from approximately 70% or approximately 85% in peripheral blood lymphocytes and spleen, respectively, in allo chimeras versus approximately 35% and approximately 60% in syn + allo chimeras). Moreover, it resulted in complete clonal deletion of both host-reactive (Vbeta3) and donor-reactive (Vbeta6) lymphocytes in syn + allo chimeras in contrast to in allo chimeras, in which only donor-reactive lymphocytes were completely deleted. After nontolerant C3H splenocyte injection, high levels of interleukin 2 mRNA were produced and chimerism decreased in syn + allo chimeras. In contrast, in allo chimeras, this maneuver was followed by the production of higher levels of interleukin 4 and interferon-gamma, and of Valpha14 mRNA, as well as by the proliferation of CD3+CD4-CD8- (double-negative) T cells and by an increase of donor chimerism. CONCLUSION The addition of host-type BM to the allogeneic inoculum has an influence on the level of chimerism, the extent of clonal deletion, and the reaction of chimeras after the injection of nontolerant host-type splenocytes. In the latter phenomenon, cytokine production and proliferation of Valpha14+ CD3+CD4-CD8- (double-negative, natural killer T) lymphocytes may be involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Sefrioui
- Laboratory of Experimental Transplantation, University of Leuven, Belgium
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31
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Falcone M, Yeung B, Tucker L, Rodriguez E, Sarvetnick N. A defect in interleukin 12-induced activation and interferon gamma secretion of peripheral natural killer T cells in nonobese diabetic mice suggests new pathogenic mechanisms for insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. J Exp Med 1999; 190:963-72. [PMID: 10510086 PMCID: PMC2195642 DOI: 10.1084/jem.190.7.963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The function of natural killer T (NKT) cells in the immune system has yet to be determined. There is some evidence that their defect is associated with autoimmunity, but it is still unclear how they play a role in regulating the pathogenesis of T cell-mediated autoimmune diseases. It was originally proposed that NKT cells could control autoimmunity by shifting the cytokine profile of autoimmune T cells toward a protective T helper 2 cell (Th2) type. However, it is now clear that the major function of NKT cells in the immune system is not related to their interleukin (IL)-4 secretion. In fact, NKT cells mainly secrete interferon (IFN)-gamma and, activated in the presence of IL-12, acquire a strong inflammatory phenotype and cytotoxic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marika Falcone
- Department of Immunology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Brian Yeung
- Department of Immunology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Lee Tucker
- Department of Immunology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Enrique Rodriguez
- Department of Immunology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Nora Sarvetnick
- Department of Immunology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037
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32
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Cui J, Watanabe N, Kawano T, Yamashita M, Kamata T, Shimizu C, Kimura M, Shimizu E, Koike J, Koseki H, Tanaka Y, Taniguchi M, Nakayama T. Inhibition of T helper cell type 2 cell differentiation and immunoglobulin E response by ligand-activated Valpha14 natural killer T cells. J Exp Med 1999; 190:783-92. [PMID: 10499917 PMCID: PMC2195639 DOI: 10.1084/jem.190.6.783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Murine Valpha14 natural killer T (NKT) cells are thought to play a crucial role in various immune responses, including infectious, allergic, and autoimmune diseases. Because Valpha14 NKT cells produce large amounts of both interleukin (IL)-4 and interferon (IFN)-gamma upon in vivo stimulation with a specific ligand, alpha-galactosylceramide (alpha-GalCer), or after treatment with anti-CD3 antibody, a regulatory role on helper T (Th) cell differentiation has been proposed for these cells. However, the identity of the cytokine produced by Valpha14 NKT cells that play a dominant role on the Th cell differentiation still remains controversial. Here, we demonstrate by using Valpha14 NKT-deficient mice that Valpha14 NKT cells are dispensable for the induction of antigen-specific immunoglobulin (Ig)E responses induced by ovalbumin immunization or Nippostrongylus brasiliensis infection. However, upon in vivo activation with alpha-GalCer, Valpha14 NKT cells are found to suppress antigen-specific IgE production. The suppression appeared to be IgE specific, and was not detected in either Valpha14 NKT- or IFN-gamma-deficient mice. Consistent with these results, we also found that ligand-activated Valpha14 NKT cells inhibited Th2 cell differentiation in an in vitro induction culture system. Thus, it is likely that activated Valpha14 NKT cells exert a potent inhibitory effect on Th2 cell differentiation and subsequent IgE production by producing a large amount of IFN-gamma. In marked contrast, our studies have revealed that IL-4 produced by Valpha14 NKT cells has only a minor effect on Th2 cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junqing Cui
- CREST (Core Research for Evolution Science and Technology) Project, Japan Science and Technology Corporation, Department of Molecular Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University
| | - Naohiro Watanabe
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-shinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105, Japan
| | - Tetsu Kawano
- CREST (Core Research for Evolution Science and Technology) Project, Japan Science and Technology Corporation, Department of Molecular Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University
| | - Masakatsu Yamashita
- Department of Developmental Immunology, Chiba University School of Medicine, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Tohru Kamata
- CREST (Core Research for Evolution Science and Technology) Project, Japan Science and Technology Corporation, Department of Molecular Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University
| | - Chiori Shimizu
- CREST (Core Research for Evolution Science and Technology) Project, Japan Science and Technology Corporation, Department of Molecular Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University
| | - Motoko Kimura
- CREST (Core Research for Evolution Science and Technology) Project, Japan Science and Technology Corporation, Department of Molecular Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University
| | - Eiko Shimizu
- CREST (Core Research for Evolution Science and Technology) Project, Japan Science and Technology Corporation, Department of Molecular Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University
| | - Jyunzo Koike
- CREST (Core Research for Evolution Science and Technology) Project, Japan Science and Technology Corporation, Department of Molecular Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University
| | - Haruhiko Koseki
- CREST (Core Research for Evolution Science and Technology) Project, Japan Science and Technology Corporation, Department of Molecular Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University
| | - Yujiro Tanaka
- Department of Developmental Immunology, Chiba University School of Medicine, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Masaru Taniguchi
- CREST (Core Research for Evolution Science and Technology) Project, Japan Science and Technology Corporation, Department of Molecular Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University
| | - Toshinori Nakayama
- CREST (Core Research for Evolution Science and Technology) Project, Japan Science and Technology Corporation, Department of Molecular Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University
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33
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Maruyama S, Tsukahara A, Suzuki S, Tada T, Minagawa M, Watanabe H, Hatakeyama K, Abo T. Quick recovery in the generation of self-reactive CD4low natural killer (NK) T cells by an alternative intrathymic pathway when restored from acute thymic atrophy. Clin Exp Immunol 1999; 117:587-95. [PMID: 10469067 PMCID: PMC1905364 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2249.1999.00988.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/04/1999] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The thymus comprises the mainstream of T cell differentiation which produces conventional T cells and an alternative pathway which produces primordial T cells with intermediate density of T cell receptor (TCR)-CD3 complex on the surface (i.e. intermediate TCR cells or TCRint cells). We induced acute thymic atrophy in mice by an administration of hydrocortisone (10 mg) or irradiation (6.5 Gy). It was demonstrated that CD3intCD4lowNK1.1+ T cells were immediately generated by an alternative intrathymic pathway without passing through the double-positive CD4+8+ stage, when restored from thymic atrophy (days 3-14). These CD3intCD4lowNK1.1+ T cells mediated self-reactivity and appeared even in the periphery. mRNA of an invariant chain of TCR Valpha14Jalpha281 gene product was detected in these CD4low T cells, but not remaining CD4high T cells. The mainstream of T cell differentiation in the thymus was not restored up to day 14 and there was no leakage of self-reactive clones into the population generated through the mainstream. These results reveal that an alternative intrathymic pathway is associated with the generation of self-reactive T cells, in an early restoration phase after thymic atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Maruyama
- Department of Immunology, Niigata University School of Medicine, Niigata, Japan
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34
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Milner JD, Kent SC, Ashley TA, Wilson SB, Strominger JL, Hafler DA. Differential Responses of Invariant Vα24JαQ T Cells and MHC Class II-Restricted CD4+ T Cells to Dexamethasone. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 1999. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.163.5.2522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
NK T cells are a T cell subset in the human that express an invariant α-chain (Vα24invt T cells). Because of the well-described immunomodulation by glucocorticoids on activation-induced cell death (AICD), the effects of dexamethasone and anti-CD3 stimulation on Vα24invt T cell clones and CD4+ T cell clones were investigated. Dexamethasone significantly enhanced anti-CD3-mediated proliferation of Vα24invt T cells, whereas CD4+ T cells were inhibited. Addition of neutralizing IL-2 Ab partially abrogated dexamethasone-induced potentiation of Vα24invt T cell proliferation, indicating a role for autocrine IL-2 production in corticosteroid-mediated proliferative augmentation. Dexamethasone treatment of anti-CD3-stimulated Vα24invt T cells did not synergize with anti-Fas blockade in enhancing proliferation or preventing AICD. The Vα24invt T cell response to dexamethasone was dependent on the TCR signal strength. In the presence of dexamethasone, lower doses of anti-CD3 inhibited proliferation of Vα24invt T cells and CD4+ T cells; at higher doses of anti-CD3, which caused inhibition of CD4+ T cells, the Vα24invt T cell clones proliferated and were rescued from AICD. These results demonstrate significant differences in TCR signal strength required between Vα24invt T cells and CD4+ cells, and suggest important immunomodulatory consequences for endogenous and exogenous corticosteroids in immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua D. Milner
- *Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115; and
| | - Sally C. Kent
- *Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115; and
| | - Timothy A. Ashley
- *Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115; and
| | - S. Brian Wilson
- †Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, and Cancer Immunology and AIDS, Dana Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Jack L. Strominger
- †Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, and Cancer Immunology and AIDS, Dana Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - David A. Hafler
- *Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115; and
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35
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Sato H, Nakayama T, Tanaka Y, Yamashita M, Shibata Y, Kondo E, Saito Y, Taniguchi M. Induction of differentiation of pre-NKT cells to mature Valpha14 NKT cells by granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1999; 96:7439-44. [PMID: 10377433 PMCID: PMC22104 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.96.13.7439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Valpha14 NKT cells express an invariant antigen receptor encoded by Valpha14 and Jalpha281 gene segments as well as natural killer (NK) markers, including NK1.1. Here, we describe a precursor population of NKT cells (pre-NKT) that expresses NK1.1, T cell antigen receptor beta, pTalpha, and RAG1/2 but not Valpha14 and surface CD3epsilon. Such pre-NKT cells were differentiated successfully in vitro into mature CD3epsilon+ Valpha14(+) NKT cells by IL-15 and granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in conjunction with stroma cells. Interestingly, only GM-CSF without stroma cells induced the Valpha14-Jalpha281 gene rearrangement in the pre-NKT cells. This also was confirmed by the findings that the number of mature Valpha14 NKT cells and the frequency of Valpha14-Jalpha281 rearrangements were decreased significantly in the mice lacking a GM-CSF receptor component, common beta-chain. These results suggest a crucial role of GM-CSF in the development of Valpha14 NKT cells in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Sato
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Department of Molecular Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba University School of Medicine 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670 Japan
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36
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Hong S, Scherer DC, Singh N, Mendiratta SK, Serizawa I, Koezuka Y, Van Kaer L. Lipid antigen presentation in the immune system: lessons learned from CD1d knockout mice. Immunol Rev 1999; 169:31-44. [PMID: 10450506 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-065x.1999.tb01304.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
CD1 molecules represent a distinct lineage of antigen-presenting molecules that are evolutionarily related to the classical major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and class II molecules. Unlike the classical MHC products that bind peptides, CD1 molecules have evolved to bind lipids and glycolipids. Murine and human CD1d molecules can present glycolipid antigens such as alpha-galactosylceramide (alpha-GalCer) to CD1d-restricted natural killer (NK) T cells. Using CD1d knockout mice we demonstrated that CD1d expression is required for the development of NK T cells. These animals were also deficient in the rapid production of interleukin-4 and interferon-gamma in response to stimulation by anti-CD3 antibodies. Despite these defects, CD1d knockout animals were able to generate strong T-helper type 1 (TH1) and TH2 responses. Spleen cells from these animals neither proliferated nor produced cytokines in response to stimulation by alpha-GalCer. Repeated injection of alpha-GalCer into wild-type but not CD1d mutant mice was able to clear metastatic tumors. We further showed that alpha-GalCer can inhibit disease in diabetes-prone non-obese diabetic mice. Collectively, these findings with CD1d knockout animals indicate a critical role for CD1d-dependent T cells in various disease conditions, and suggest that alpha-GalCer may be useful for therapeutic intervention in these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hong
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
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37
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Abstract
Patients with Omenn’s syndrome have a form of severe immune deficiency that is associated with pathological features of graft-versus-host disease, except for the lack of foreign engraftment. It has been hypothesized that the disease’s unique clinical features are mediated by an expanded population of autologous self-reactive T cells of limited clonality. In the current study, an investigation of the T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoire was undertaken to identify defects in T-cell rearrangement and development. The TCR repertoire in this group of patients was exquisitely restricted in the number of different TCR clonotypes, and some of these clonotypes seemed to have similar recognition motifs in the antigen-binding region, indicating antigen-driven proliferation of T lymphocytes. The TCRs from some patients lacked N- or P-nucleotide insertions and used proximal variable and joining gene segments, suggesting abnormal intrathymic T-cell development. Finally, abnormal assembly of gene segments and truncated rearrangements within nonproductive alleles suggested abnormalities in TCR rearrangement mechanisms. Overall, the findings suggest that inefficient and/or abnormal generation of TCRs may be a consistent feature of this disease.
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38
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Nieda M, Nicol A, Koezuka Y, Kikuchi A, Takahashi T, Nakamura H, Furukawa H, Yabe T, Ishikawa Y, Tadokoro K, Juji T. Activation of human Valpha24NKT cells by alpha-glycosylceramide in a CD1d-restricted and Valpha24TCR-mediated manner. Hum Immunol 1999; 60:10-9. [PMID: 9952023 DOI: 10.1016/s0198-8859(98)00100-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Vact14NK(natural killer) T cells play an important role in controlling tumors or in preventing autoimmunity in the murine system. Valpha24NKT cells, the human counterpart of Valpha14NKT cells, may contribute to controlling the progression of autoimmune diseases in humans. These findings show the possibility that ligand(s) for these NKT cells can control the above-mentioned pathological conditions. Specific glycolipids such as alpha-galactosylceramide (alpha-GalCer) and alpha-glucosylceramide (alpha-GlcCer) have been identified as ligand(s) recognized by murine Valpha14NKT cells in a CD1d-restricted manner, but it remains unclear whether these glycolipids are ligand(s) for Valpha24NKT cells in humans. To determine whether alpha-glycosylceramide is presented by CD1d molecules in humans, we initially established a Valpha24NKT cell line specific for alpha-glycosylceramide using dendritic cell (DC) like cells from normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in an autologous mixed leukocyte reaction (auto-MLR) system, and characterized the Valpha24NKT cell line. The Valpha24NKT cells were CD3+ CD4-CD8-Valpha24+Vbeta11+NKRP1A+ and specifically proliferated in response to alpha-glycosylceramide in CD1d-restricted and Valpha24TCR-mediated manner. The phenotypic and functional similarities between murine Valpha14NKT cells and human Valpha24NKT cells suggest that Valpha24NKT cells may play an important role in controlling tumors or in preventing autoimmunity as observed with Valpha14NKT cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Nieda
- Department of Research, The Japanese Red Central Blood Center, Tokyo.
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39
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T-Cell Receptor Analysis in Omenn’s Syndrome: Evidence for Defects in Gene Rearrangement and Assembly. Blood 1999. [DOI: 10.1182/blood.v93.1.242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Patients with Omenn’s syndrome have a form of severe immune deficiency that is associated with pathological features of graft-versus-host disease, except for the lack of foreign engraftment. It has been hypothesized that the disease’s unique clinical features are mediated by an expanded population of autologous self-reactive T cells of limited clonality. In the current study, an investigation of the T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoire was undertaken to identify defects in T-cell rearrangement and development. The TCR repertoire in this group of patients was exquisitely restricted in the number of different TCR clonotypes, and some of these clonotypes seemed to have similar recognition motifs in the antigen-binding region, indicating antigen-driven proliferation of T lymphocytes. The TCRs from some patients lacked N- or P-nucleotide insertions and used proximal variable and joining gene segments, suggesting abnormal intrathymic T-cell development. Finally, abnormal assembly of gene segments and truncated rearrangements within nonproductive alleles suggested abnormalities in TCR rearrangement mechanisms. Overall, the findings suggest that inefficient and/or abnormal generation of TCRs may be a consistent feature of this disease.
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40
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Brossay L, Chioda M, Burdin N, Koezuka Y, Casorati G, Dellabona P, Kronenberg M. CD1d-mediated recognition of an alpha-galactosylceramide by natural killer T cells is highly conserved through mammalian evolution. J Exp Med 1998; 188:1521-8. [PMID: 9782129 PMCID: PMC2213408 DOI: 10.1084/jem.188.8.1521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 523] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/1998] [Revised: 07/20/1998] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) T cells are a lymphocyte subset with a distinct surface phenotype, an invariant T cell receptor (TCR), and reactivity to CD1. Here we show that mouse NK T cells can recognize human CD1d as well as mouse CD1, and human NK T cells also recognize both CD1 homologues. The unprecedented degree of conservation of this T cell recognition system suggests that it is fundamentally important. Mouse or human CD1 molecules can present the glycolipid alpha-galactosylceramide (alpha-GalCer) to NK T cells from either species. Human T cells, preselected for invariant Valpha24 TCR expression, uniformly recognize alpha-GalCer presented by either human CD1d or mouse CD1. In addition, culture of human peripheral blood cells with alpha-GalCer led to the dramatic expansion of NK T cells with an invariant (Valpha24(+)) TCR and the release of large amounts of cytokines. Because invariant Valpha14(+) and Valpha24(+) NK T cells have been implicated both in the control of autoimmune disease and the response to tumors, our data suggest that alpha-GalCer could be a useful agent for modulating human immune responses by activation of the highly conserved NK T cell subset.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Brossay
- La Jolla Institute of Allergy and Immunology, San Diego, California 92121, USA
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41
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Musha N, Yoshida Y, Sugahara S, Yamagiwa S, Koya T, Watanabe H, Hatakeyama K, Abo T. Expansion of CD56+ NK T and gamma delta T cells from cord blood of human neonates. Clin Exp Immunol 1998; 113:220-8. [PMID: 9717971 PMCID: PMC1905032 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2249.1998.00645.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A particular T cell population expressing NK cell markers, CD56 and CD57, exists in humans. Many CD56+ T and CD57+ T cells (i.e. NK T cells) exist in the liver and increase in number in the blood with ageing. They may be a human counterpart of extrathymic T cells, similar to NK1.1+ CD3int cells seen in mice. We investigate here the existence of such NK T cells in human cord blood and the in vitro expansion of these cells by the stimulation of human recombinant IL-2 (rIL-2). There were very small populations (< 1.0%) of CD56+ T cells, CD57+ T cells, and gamma delta T cells in cord blood. However, all of these populations increased in number after birth and with ageing. When lymphocytes in cord blood were cultured with rIL-2 (100 U/ml) for 14 days, CD56+ T cells expanded up to 25% of T cells. CD57+ T cells were never expanded by these in vitro cultures. The expansion of gamma delta T cells (mainly V gamma9- nonadult type) also occurred in the in vitro culture. A considerable proportion of CD56+ T cells was found to use V alpha24 (i.e. equivalent to invariant V alpha14 chain used by murine NK T cells) for TCR alpha beta. These results suggest that neonatal blood contains only a few NK T cells but CD56+ NK T cells and gamma delta T cells are able to expand in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Musha
- Department of Immunology, Niigata University School of Medicine, Japan
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42
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Iwabuchi C, Iwabuchi K, Nakagawa K, Takayanagi T, Nishihori H, Tone S, Ogasawara K, Good RA, Onoé K. Intrathymic selection of NK1.1(+)alpha/beta T cell antigen receptor (TCR)+ cells in transgenic mice bearing TCR specific for chicken ovalbumin and restricted to I-Ad. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1998; 95:8199-204. [PMID: 9653164 PMCID: PMC20953 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.95.14.8199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Generation and negative selection of NK1.1(+)alpha/beta T cell receptor (TCR)+ thymocytes were analyzed using TCR-transgenic (B10. D2 x DO10)F1 and (C57BL/6 x DO10)F1 mice and Rag-1(-/-)/DO10 mice, which had been established by breeding and backcrossing between Rag-1(-/-) and DO10 mice. Almost all T cells from these mice were shown to bear Valpha13/Vbeta8.2 that is specific for chicken ovalbumin (cOVA) and restricted to I-Ad. A normal proportion of the NK1.1(+) Valpha13/Vbeta8.2(+) thymocytes was generated in these mice. However, the actual cell number of both NK1.1(+) and NK1.1(-) thymocytes in I-Ad/d mice (positive selecting background) was larger than that in I-Ab/d mice (negative selecting background). Markedly low but significant proportions of NK1.1(+) Valpha13/Vbeta8.2(+) cells were detected in the spleens from I-Ad/d and I-Ab/d mice. It was shown that the splenic NK1.1(+) T cells of the I-Ab/d mice were anergized against stimulation through TCR. When (B10.D2 x DO10)F1 and (C57BL/6 x DO10)F1 mice were given cOVA, extensive or intermediate elimination of NK1.1(+)alpha/betaTCR+ thymocytes was induced in I-Ad/d or I-Ab/d mice, respectively. However, the clonal elimination was not as complete as that seen in the major NK1.1(-) thymocyte population. The present findings indicate that normal generation of NK1.1(+)alpha/betaTCR+ thymocytes occurs in the absence of Valpha14-Jalpha281 and that substantial negative selection operates on the NK1.1(+)alpha/betaTCR+ cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Iwabuchi
- Section of Pathology, Institute of Immunological Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060, Japan
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43
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Robson MacDonald H, Lees RK, Held W. Developmentally regulated extinction of Ly-49 receptor expression permits maturation and selection of NK1.1+ T cells. J Exp Med 1998; 187:2109-14. [PMID: 9625772 PMCID: PMC2212363 DOI: 10.1084/jem.187.12.2109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Clonally distributed inhibitory receptors negatively regulate natural killer (NK) cell function via specific interactions with allelic forms of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules. In the mouse, the Ly-49 family of inhibitory receptors is found not only on NK cells but also on a minor (NK1.1+) T cell subset. Using Ly-49 transgenic mice, we show here that the development of NK1.1+ T cells, in contrast to NK or conventional T cells, is impaired when their Ly-49 receptors engage self-MHC class I molecules. Impaired NK1.1+ T cell development in transgenic mice is associated with a failure to select the appropriate CD1-reactive T cell receptor repertoire. In normal mice, NK1.1+ T cell maturation is accompanied by extinction of Ly-49 receptor expression. Collectively, our data imply that developmentally regulated extinction of inhibitory MHC-specific receptors is required for normal NK1.1+ T cell maturation and selection.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens/biosynthesis
- Antigens, Ly
- Antigens, Surface
- Cell Differentiation
- Flow Cytometry
- Killer Cells, Natural/cytology
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Lectins, C-Type
- Liver/cytology
- Liver/immunology
- Membrane Glycoproteins/biosynthesis
- Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics
- Mice
- Mice, Transgenic
- NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily B
- Protein Biosynthesis
- Proteins
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell
- Receptors, Immunologic/biosynthesis
- Receptors, NK Cell Lectin-Like
- Selection, Genetic
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/cytology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- Thymus Gland/cytology
- Thymus Gland/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- H Robson MacDonald
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland.
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44
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Ogasawara K, Takeda K, Hashimoto W, Satoh M, Okuyama R, Yanai N, Obinata M, Kumagai K, Takada H, Hiraide H, Seki S. Involvement of NK1+ T Cells and Their IFN-γ Production in the Generalized Shwartzman Reaction. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 1998. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.160.7.3522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
IL-12 (or LPS) priming and subsequent challenge by LPS produces the generalized Shwartzman reaction. IFN-γ induced by IL-12 is a crucial cytokine in the priming phase. In vivo depletion of both NK cells and NK1+ αβ T cells of mice by anti-NK1.1 Ab greatly reduced the elevation of serum IFN-γ induced by IL-12 and significantly reduced mortality after subsequent injection of LPS, whereas depletion of NK cells alone by anti-asialo GM1 Ab only partially decreased serum IFN-γ, and lethality was not changed. Cell sorting and culture experiments confirmed that liver NK1+ αβ T cells of IL-12-injected mice produced greater amounts of IFN-γ than did liver NK cells. MHC class I-deficient mice of C57BL/6 background, which lack a majority of NK1+ αβ T cells, produced low amounts of IFN-γ by IL-12; no mortality was observed after the LPS challenge. However, production of TNF-α in the second phase (after LPS challenge) was not inhibited by depletion of NK cells alone or both subsets. IL-12 and subsequent LPS challenge activated NK1+ αβ T cells in the liver and induced strong cytotoxicity of these cells not only against tumor cells (including Fas-negative tumors) but also against a syngeneic hepatocyte cell line. Our findings show that IFN-γ produced by NK1+ αβ T cells is essential for the IL-12 priming of the Shwartzman reaction, and the autoreactivity of NK1+ αβ T cells in the liver is involved in the hepatic disorders that are sometimes caused by IL-12, LPS, or the generalized Shwartzman reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kouetsu Ogasawara
- *Department of Microbiology, Tohoku University School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
- †Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, and
| | - Kazuyoshi Takeda
- ‡Department of Immunology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyou-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wataru Hashimoto
- §Second Department of Oral Surgery, Tohoku University School of Dentistry,
| | | | - Ryuhei Okuyama
- ∥Department of Dermatology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, and
| | - Nobuaki Yanai
- #Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan; and
| | - Masuo Obinata
- #Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan; and
| | - Katsuo Kumagai
- *Department of Microbiology, Tohoku University School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Takada
- *Department of Microbiology, Tohoku University School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hoshio Hiraide
- **Division of Basic Traumatology, National Defense Medical College Research Institute, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Shuhji Seki
- **Division of Basic Traumatology, National Defense Medical College Research Institute, Tokorozawa, Japan
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45
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Kawano T, Cui J, Koezuka Y, Toura I, Kaneko Y, Motoki K, Ueno H, Nakagawa R, Sato H, Kondo E, Koseki H, Taniguchi M. CD1d-restricted and TCR-mediated activation of valpha14 NKT cells by glycosylceramides. Science 1997; 278:1626-9. [PMID: 9374463 DOI: 10.1126/science.278.5343.1626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1945] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Natural killer T (NKT) lymphocytes express an invariant T cell antigen receptor (TCR) encoded by the Valpha14 and Jalpha281 gene segments. A glycosylceramide-containing alpha-anomeric sugar with a longer fatty acyl chain (C26) and sphingosine base (C18) was identified as a ligand for this TCR. Glycosylceramide-mediated proliferative responses of Valpha14 NKT cells were abrogated by treatment with chloroquine-concanamycin A or by monoclonal antibodies against CD1d/Vbeta8, CD40/CD40L, or B7/CTLA-4/CD28, but not by interference with the function of a transporter-associated protein. Thus, this lymphocyte shares distinct recognition systems with either T or NK cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kawano
- CREST (Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology) Project, Japan Science and Technology Corporation (JST), 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo, Chiba 260, Japan
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46
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Zhang B, Yamamura T, Kondo T, Fujiwara M, Tabira T. Regulation of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by natural killer (NK) cells. J Exp Med 1997; 186:1677-87. [PMID: 9362528 PMCID: PMC2199138 DOI: 10.1084/jem.186.10.1677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 295] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In this report, we establish a regulatory role of natural killer (NK) cells in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a prototype T helper cell type 1 (Th1)-mediated disease. Active sensitization of C57BL/6 (B6) mice with the myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)35-55 peptide induces a mild form of monophasic EAE. When mice were deprived of NK cells by antibody treatment before immunization, they developed a more serious form of EAE associated with relapse. Aggravation of EAE by NK cell deletion was also seen in beta 2-microglobulin-/- (beta 2m-/-) mice, indicating that NK cells can play a regulatory role in a manner independent of CD8+ T cells or NK1.1+ T cells (NK-T cells). The disease enhancement was associated with augmentation of T cell proliferation and production of Th1 cytokines in response to MOG35-55. EAE passively induced by the MOG35-55-specific T cell line was also enhanced by NK cell deletion in B6, beta 2m-/-, and recombination activation gene 2 (RAG-2)-/- mice, indicating that the regulation by NK cells can be independent of T, B, or NK-T cells. We further showed that NK cells inhibit T cell proliferation triggered by antigen or cytokine stimulation. Taken together, we conclude that NK cells are an important regulator for EAE in both induction and effector phases.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/biosynthesis
- Antigens/immunology
- Antigens, Ly
- Antigens, Surface
- Cytokines/biosynthesis
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/etiology
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/genetics
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/immunology
- Female
- Interferon-gamma/deficiency
- Interferon-gamma/genetics
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Lectins, C-Type
- Lymphocyte Activation/immunology
- Lymphocyte Depletion
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Molecular Sequence Data
- NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily B
- Proteins/immunology
- Th1 Cells/metabolism
- beta 2-Microglobulin/deficiency
- beta 2-Microglobulin/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- B Zhang
- Department of Demyelinating Disease and Aging, National Institute of Neuroscience, Tokyo, Japan
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47
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Abstract
Recent work on CD1 molecules has demonstrated that human CD1b and a lipoglycan from mycobacteria that CD1b presents colocalize to late endosomes. Presentation of this lipoglycan by CD1b requires antigen uptake via the mannose receptor. CD8(+) CD1-restricted T cells can decrease the load of intracellular mycobacteria by granule release. TCR-transgenic and CD1-deficient mice have provided insights into the role of CD1 in the T helper responses required for the clearance of some microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- J K Maher
- Department of Microbiology, Molecular Biology Institute University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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48
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Exley M, Garcia J, Balk SP, Porcelli S. Requirements for CD1d recognition by human invariant Valpha24+ CD4-CD8- T cells. J Exp Med 1997; 186:109-20. [PMID: 9207002 PMCID: PMC2198960 DOI: 10.1084/jem.186.1.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 449] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/1997] [Revised: 04/21/1997] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A subset of human CD4-CD8- T cells that expresses an invariant Valpha24-JalphaQ T cell receptor (TCR)-alpha chain, paired predominantly with Vbeta11, has been identified. A series of these Valpha24 Vbeta11 clones were shown to have TCR-beta CDR3 diversity and express the natural killer (NK) locus-encoded C-type lectins NKR-P1A, CD94, and CD69. However, in contrast to NK cells, they did not express killer inhibitory receptors, CD16, CD56, or CD57. All invariant Valpha24(+) clones recognized the MHC class I-like CD16 molecule and discriminated between CD1d and other closely related human CD1 proteins, indicating that recognition was TCR-mediated. Recognition was not dependent upon an endosomal targeting motif in the cytoplasmic tail of CD1d. Upon activation by anti-CD3 or CD1d, the clones produced both Th1 and Th2 cytokines. These results demonstrate that human invariant Valpha24+ CD4-CD8- T cells, and presumably the homologous murine NK1+ T cell population, are CD1d reactive and functionally distinct from NK cells. The conservation of this cell population and of the CD1d ligand across species indicates an important immunological function.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Exley
- Cancer Biology Program, Hematology/Oncology Division, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
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49
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Chen YH, Chiu NM, Mandal M, Wang N, Wang CR. Impaired NK1+ T cell development and early IL-4 production in CD1-deficient mice. Immunity 1997; 6:459-67. [PMID: 9133425 DOI: 10.1016/s1074-7613(00)80289-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 387] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The MHC class lb molecule, CD1, has been conserved throughout mammalian evolution. To assess the function of CD1 in lymphocyte development, we generated mice with targeted disruption of the CD1.1 and CD1.2 genes. CD1-deficient mice have normal numbers of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells but marked reduction in NK1.1-bearing T cells, particularly those with a canonical gene rearrangement of V alpha14-J alpha281. CD1-deficient mice are unable to generate a rapid IL-4 response following systemic T cell activation but can generate effective antigen-specific Th2 responses. Thus, CD1 is required for the development of a specialized subset of T lymphocytes with a monomorphic antigen receptor. The rapid effector cytokine secretion of these T cells suggests that CD1 educates adaptive immune cells to subserve functions of innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y H Chen
- Gwen Knapp Center for Lupus and Immunology Research, Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
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50
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Brownstein DG, Gras L. Differential pathogenesis of lethal mousepox in congenic DBA/2 mice implicates natural killer cell receptor NKR-P1 in necrotizing hepatitis and the fifth component of complement in recruitment of circulating leukocytes to spleen. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 1997; 150:1407-20. [PMID: 9094996 PMCID: PMC1858154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Innate resistance of C57BL/6 (B6) mice to lethal mousepox is controlled by multiple genes. Previously, four resistance genes were localized to specific subchromosomal regions and transferred onto a susceptible DBA/2 (D2) background by serial backcrossing and intercrossing to produce congenic strains. Intraperitoneally inoculated ectromelia virus was uniformly lethal and achieved similar titers in B6 and D2 mice but elicited differential responses in liver, spleen, and circulating blood leukocytes. The distribution of these response phenotypes in congenic strains linked control of phenotypes with specific subchromosomal regions. D2.R1 mice, which carried a differential segment of chromosome 6, exhibited a B6 liver response and intermediate spleen and circulating leukocyte responses. D2.R2 and D2.R4 mice, which carried differential segments of chromosomes 2 and 1, respectively, exhibited a D2 liver response, a B6 spleen response, and an intermediate circulating leukocyte response. The localization of control of liver response phenotypes to chromosome 6 implicates cells that express natural killer (NK) cell receptor NKR-P1 alloantigens. The localization of control of spleen and circulating leukocyte responses to chromosomes 1, 2, and 6 implicates NK cells, the fifth component of complement, and a gene near the selectin gene complex in recruitment of circulating leukocytes to spleen.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, Surface/genetics
- Antigens, Surface/toxicity
- Chemotaxis, Leukocyte/genetics
- Chemotaxis, Leukocyte/immunology
- Chromosome Mapping
- Complement C5/genetics
- Complement C5/toxicity
- Crosses, Genetic
- Ectromelia, Infectious/etiology
- Ectromelia, Infectious/genetics
- Ectromelia, Infectious/immunology
- Ectromelia, Infectious/mortality
- Ectromelia, Infectious/pathology
- Female
- Genetic Linkage
- Hepatitis, Animal/etiology
- Hepatitis, Animal/genetics
- Hepatitis, Animal/immunology
- Hepatitis, Animal/pathology
- Immunity, Innate
- Killer Cells, Natural/metabolism
- Killer Cells, Natural/virology
- Lectins, C-Type
- Leukocyte Count
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Inbred DBA
- Microsatellite Repeats
- NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily B
- Necrosis
- Spleen/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- D G Brownstein
- Section of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8016, USA
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