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Wu K, Zhang Y, Mao D, Iberg CA, Yin-Declue H, Sun K, Keeler SP, Wikfors HA, Young D, Yantis J, Austin SR, Byers DE, Brody SL, Crouch EC, Romero AG, Holtzman MJ. MAPK13 controls structural remodeling and disease after epithelial injury. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.31.596863. [PMID: 38895360 PMCID: PMC11185504 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.31.596863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
All living organisms are charged with repair after injury particularly at epithelial barrier sites, but in some cases this response leads instead to structural remodeling and long-term disease. Identifying the molecular and cellular control of this divergence is key to disease modification. In that regard, stress kinase control of epithelial stem cells is a rational entry point for study. Here we examine the potential for mitogen-activated protein kinase 13 (MAPK13) regulation of epithelial stem cells using models of respiratory viral injury and post-viral lung disease. We show that Mapk13 gene-knockout mice handle acute infectious illness as expected but are protected against structural remodeling manifest as basal-epithelial stem cell (basal-ESC) hyperplasia-metaplasia, immune activation, and mucinous differentiation. In corresponding cell models, Mapk13-deficiency directly attenuates basal-ESC growth and organoid formation. Extension to human studies shows marked induction/activation of basal-cell MAPK13 in clinical samples of comparable remodeling found in asthma and COPD. Here again, MAPK13 gene-knockdown inhibits human basal-ESC growth in culture. Together, the data identify MAPK13 as a control for structural remodeling and disease after epithelial injury and as a suitable target for down-regulation as a disease-modifying strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangyun Wu
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Yong Zhang
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Dailing Mao
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Courtney A. Iberg
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Huiqing Yin-Declue
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Kelly Sun
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Shamus P. Keeler
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Hallie A. Wikfors
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Deanna Young
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Jennifer Yantis
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Stephen R. Austin
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Derek E Byers
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Steven L. Brody
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Erika C. Crouch
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Arthur G. Romero
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Michael J. Holtzman
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
- NuPeak Therapeutics Inc., St. Louis, MO 63105
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2
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Takahashi J, Suzuki T, Sato M, Nitta S, Yaguchi N, Muta T, Tsuchida K, Suda H, Morita M, Hamada S, Masamune A, Takahashi S, Kamei T, Yamamoto M. Differential squamous cell fates elicited by NRF2 gain of function versus KEAP1 loss of function. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114104. [PMID: 38602872 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Clinical evidence has revealed that high-level activation of NRF2 caused by somatic mutations in NRF2 (NFE2L2) is frequently detected in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), whereas that caused by somatic mutations in KEAP1, a negative regulator of NRF2, is not. Here, we aspire to generate a mouse model of NRF2-activated ESCC using the cancer-derived NRF2L30F mutation and cancer driver mutant TRP53R172H. Concomitant expression of NRF2L30F and TRP53R172H results in formation of NRF2-activated ESCC-like lesions. In contrast, while squamous-cell-specific deletion of KEAP1 induces similar NRF2 hyperactivation, the loss of KEAP1 combined with expression of TRP53R172H does not elicit the formation of ESCC-like lesions. Instead, KEAP1-deleted cells disappear from the esophageal epithelium over time. These findings demonstrate that, while cellular NRF2 levels are similarly induced, NRF2 gain of function and KEAP1 loss of function elicits distinct fates of squamous cells. The NRF2L30F mutant mouse model developed here will be instrumental in elucidating the mechanistic basis leading to NRF2-activated ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Takahashi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan; Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takafumi Suzuki
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan.
| | - Miu Sato
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shuji Nitta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
| | - Nahoko Yaguchi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tatsuki Muta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kouhei Tsuchida
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hiromi Suda
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masanobu Morita
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shin Hamada
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Atsushi Masamune
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Satoru Takahashi
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center in Transborder Medical Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Takashi Kamei
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masayuki Yamamoto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan.
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3
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Murakami Y, Umeshita S, Imanishi K, Yoshioka Y, Ninomiya A, Sunabori T, Likhite S, Koike M, Meyer KC, Kinoshita T. AAV-based gene therapy ameliorated CNS-specific GPI defect in mouse models. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2024; 32:101176. [PMID: 38225934 PMCID: PMC10788267 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2023.101176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Thirty genes are involved in the biosynthesis and modification of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored proteins, and defects in these genes cause inherited GPI deficiency (IGD). PIGA is X-linked and involved in the first step of GPI biosynthesis, and only males are affected by variations in this gene. The main symptoms of IGD are neurological abnormalities, such as developmental delay and seizures. There is no effective treatment at present. We crossed Nestin-Cre mice with Piga-floxed mice to generate CNS-specific Piga knockout (KO) mice. Hemizygous KO male mice died by P10 with severely defective growth. Heterozygous Piga KO female mice are mosaic for Piga expression and showed severe defects in growth and myelination and died by P25. Using these mouse models, we evaluated the effect of gene replacement therapy with adeno-associated virus (AAV). It expressed efficacy within 6 days, and the survival of male mice was extended to up to 3 weeks, whereas 40% of female mice survived for approximately 1 year and the growth defect was improved. However, liver cancer developed in all three treated female mice at 1 year of age, which was probably caused by the AAV vector bearing a strong CAG promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiko Murakami
- Laboratory of Immunoglycobiology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Saori Umeshita
- Laboratory of Immunoglycobiology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kae Imanishi
- Laboratory of Immunoglycobiology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshichika Yoshioka
- Graduate School of Frontier Bioscience, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Center for Information and Neural Networks, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Center for Quantum Information and Quantum Biology, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akinori Ninomiya
- Central Instrumentation Laboratory, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takehiko Sunabori
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shibi Likhite
- Center for Gene Therapy, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Masato Koike
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kathrin C. Meyer
- Center for Gene Therapy, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Taroh Kinoshita
- Laboratory of Immunoglycobiology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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4
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Takahashi S, Ochiai S, Jin J, Takahashi N, Toshima S, Ishigame H, Kabashima K, Kubo M, Nakayama M, Shiroguchi K, Okada T. Sensory neuronal STAT3 is critical for IL-31 receptor expression and inflammatory itch. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113433. [PMID: 38029739 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
IL-31 receptor blockade suppresses pruritus of atopic dermatitis. However, cell-type-specific contributions of IL-31 receptor to itch, its expression mechanism, and the downstream signaling pathway to induce itch remain unknown. Here, using conditional knockout mice, we demonstrate that IL-31-induced itch requires sensory neuronal IL-31 receptor and STAT3. We find that IL-31 receptor expression is dependent on STAT3 in sensory neurons. In addition, pharmacological experiments suggest that STAT3 activation is important for the itch-inducing signaling downstream of the IL-31 receptor. A cutaneous IL-31 injection induces the nuclear accumulation of activated STAT3 first in sensory neurons that abundantly express IL-31 receptor and then in other itch-transmitting neurons. IL-31 enhances itch induced by various pruritogens including even chloroquine. Finally, pruritus associated with dermatitis is partially dependent on sensory neuronal IL-31 receptor and strongly on sensory neuronal STAT3. Thus, sensory neuronal STAT3 is essential for IL-31-induced itch and further contributes to IL-31-independent inflammatory itch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonoko Takahashi
- Laboratory for Tissue Dynamics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (RIKEN IMS), Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Sotaro Ochiai
- Laboratory for Tissue Dynamics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (RIKEN IMS), Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Jianshi Jin
- Laboratory for Prediction of Cell Systems Dynamics, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (RIKEN BDR), Suita, Osaka 565-0874, Japan
| | - Noriko Takahashi
- Laboratory for Tissue Dynamics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (RIKEN IMS), Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Susumu Toshima
- Laboratory for Tissue Dynamics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (RIKEN IMS), Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan; Department of Dermatology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Harumichi Ishigame
- Laboratory for Tissue Dynamics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (RIKEN IMS), Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Kenji Kabashima
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; Singapore Immunology Network and Skin Research Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Masato Kubo
- Laboratory for Cytokine Regulation, RIKEN IMS, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan; Division of Molecular Pathology, Research Institute for Biomedical Science, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba 278-0022, Japan
| | - Manabu Nakayama
- Department of Frontier Research and Development, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa-Kamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Shiroguchi
- Laboratory for Prediction of Cell Systems Dynamics, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (RIKEN BDR), Suita, Osaka 565-0874, Japan
| | - Takaharu Okada
- Laboratory for Tissue Dynamics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (RIKEN IMS), Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan; Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan.
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5
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Van Hove L, Toniolo A, Ghiasloo M, Lecomte K, Boone F, Ciers M, Raaijmakers K, Vandamme N, Roels J, Maschalidi S, Ravichandran KS, Kasper M, van Loo G, Hoste E. Autophagy critically controls skin inflammation and apoptosis-induced stem cell activation. Autophagy 2023; 19:2958-2971. [PMID: 37615626 PMCID: PMC10549204 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2023.2247742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Macroautophagy/autophagy is a cellular recycling program regulating cell survival and controlling inflammatory responses in a context-dependent manner. Here, we demonstrate that keratinocyte-selective ablation of Atg16l1, an essential autophagy mediator, results in exacerbated inflammatory and neoplastic skin responses. In addition, mice lacking keratinocyte autophagy exhibit precocious onset of hair follicle growth, indicating altered activation kinetics of hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs). These HFSCs also exhibit expanded potencies in an autophagy-deficient context as shown by de novo hair follicle formation and improved healing of abrasion wounds. ATG16L1-deficient keratinocytes are markedly sensitized to apoptosis. Compound deletion of RIPK3-dependent necroptotic and CASP8-dependent apoptotic responses or of TNFRSF1A/TNFR1 reveals that the enhanced sensitivity of autophagy-deficient keratinocytes to TNF-dependent cell death is driving altered activation of HFSCs. Together, our data demonstrate that keratinocyte autophagy dampens skin inflammation and tumorigenesis but curtails HFSC activation by restraining apoptotic responses.Abbreviations: ATG16L1: autophagy related 16 like 1; DMBA: 2,4-dimethoxybenzaldehyde; DP: dermal papilla; EpdSCs: epidermal stem cells; Gas6: growth arrest specific 6; HF: hair follicle; HFSC: hair follicle stem cell; IFE: interfollicular epidermis; KRT5: keratin 5; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3; PMK: primary mouse keratinocyte; RIPK3: receptor-interacting serine-threonine kinase 3; scRNAseq: single-cell RNA-sequencing; SG: sebaceous gland; TEWL: transepidermal water loss; TPA: 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate; TNF: tumor necrosis factor; TNFRSF1A/TNFR1: tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 1a; UMAP: uniform manifold approximation and projection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisette Van Hove
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Annagiada Toniolo
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mohammad Ghiasloo
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kim Lecomte
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Fleur Boone
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Maarten Ciers
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kris Raaijmakers
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Niels Vandamme
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Single Cell Core, Ghent-Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jana Roels
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Single Cell Core, Ghent-Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sophia Maschalidi
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kodi S Ravichandran
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Maria Kasper
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Geert van Loo
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Esther Hoste
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
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6
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Rocha AS, Collado-Solé A, Graña-Castro O, Redondo-Pedraza J, Soria-Alcaide G, Cordero A, Santamaría PG, González-Suárez E. Luminal Rank loss decreases cell fitness leading to basal cell bipotency in parous mammary glands. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6213. [PMID: 37813842 PMCID: PMC10562464 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41741-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Rank signaling pathway regulates mammary gland homeostasis and epithelial cell differentiation. Although Rank receptor is expressed by basal cells and luminal progenitors, its role in each individual cell lineage remains unclear. By combining temporal/lineage specific Rank genetic deletion with lineage tracing techniques, we found that loss of luminal Rank reduces the luminal progenitor pool and leads to aberrant alveolar-like differentiation with high protein translation capacity in virgin mammary glands. These Rank-deleted luminal cells are unable to expand during the first pregnancy, leading to lactation failure and impairment of protein synthesis potential in the parous stage. The unfit parous Rank-deleted luminal cells in the alveoli are progressively replaced by Rank-proficient cells early during the second pregnancy, thereby restoring lactation. Transcriptomic analysis and functional assays point to the awakening of basal bipotency after pregnancy by the induction of Rank/NF-κB signaling in basal parous cell to restore lactation and tissue homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Sofia Rocha
- Oncobell, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain.
| | | | - Osvaldo Graña-Castro
- Bioinformatics Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Applied Molecular Medicine (IMMA-Nemesio Díez), School of Medicine, San Pablo-CEU University, CEU Universities, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Alex Cordero
- Oncobell, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Eva González-Suárez
- Oncobell, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain.
- Molecular Oncology, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Madrid, Spain.
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7
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Müller GA, Müller TD. (Patho)Physiology of Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-Anchored Proteins I: Localization at Plasma Membranes and Extracellular Compartments. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13050855. [PMID: 37238725 DOI: 10.3390/biom13050855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored proteins (APs) are anchored at the outer leaflet of plasma membranes (PMs) of all eukaryotic organisms studied so far by covalent linkage to a highly conserved glycolipid rather than a transmembrane domain. Since their first description, experimental data have been accumulating for the capability of GPI-APs to be released from PMs into the surrounding milieu. It became evident that this release results in distinct arrangements of GPI-APs which are compatible with the aqueous milieu upon loss of their GPI anchor by (proteolytic or lipolytic) cleavage or in the course of shielding of the full-length GPI anchor by incorporation into extracellular vesicles, lipoprotein-like particles and (lyso)phospholipid- and cholesterol-harboring micelle-like complexes or by association with GPI-binding proteins or/and other full-length GPI-APs. In mammalian organisms, the (patho)physiological roles of the released GPI-APs in the extracellular environment, such as blood and tissue cells, depend on the molecular mechanisms of their release as well as the cell types and tissues involved, and are controlled by their removal from circulation. This is accomplished by endocytic uptake by liver cells and/or degradation by GPI-specific phospholipase D in order to bypass potential unwanted effects of the released GPI-APs or their transfer from the releasing donor to acceptor cells (which will be reviewed in a forthcoming manuscript).
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Affiliation(s)
- Günter A Müller
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity (IDO), Helmholtz Diabetes Center (HDC) at Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Oberschleissheim, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - Timo D Müller
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity (IDO), Helmholtz Diabetes Center (HDC) at Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Oberschleissheim, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Oberschleissheim, Germany
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8
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Transcription Factors Runx1 and Runx3 Suppress Keratin Expression in Undifferentiated Keratinocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231710039. [PMID: 36077435 PMCID: PMC9456233 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231710039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The Runt-related transcription factor (Runx) family has been suggested to play roles in stem cell regulation, tissue development, and oncogenesis in various tissues/organs. In this study, we investigated the possible functions of Runx1 and Runx3 in keratinocyte differentiation. Both Runx1 and Runx3 proteins were detected in primary cultures of mouse keratinocytes. Proteins were localized in the nuclei of undifferentiated keratinocytes but translocated to the cytoplasm of differentiated cells. The siRNA-mediated inhibition of Runx1 and Runx3 expression increased expression of keratin 1 and keratin 10, which are early differentiation markers of keratinocytes. In contrast, overexpression of Runx1 and Runx3 suppressed keratin 1 and keratin 10 expression. Endogenous Runx1 and Runx3 proteins were associated with the promoter sequences of keratin 1 and keratin 10 genes in undifferentiated but not differentiated keratinocytes. In mouse skin, the inhibition of Runx1 and Runx3 expression by keratinocyte-specific gene targeting increased the ratios of keratin 1- and keratin 10-positive cells in the basal layer of the epidermis. On the other hand, inhibition of Runx1 and Runx3 expression did not alter the proliferation capacity of cultured or epidermal keratinocytes. These results suggest that Runx1 and Runx3 likely function to directly inhibit differentiation-induced expression of keratin 1 and keratin 10 genes but are not involved in the regulation of keratinocyte proliferation.
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9
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Semaphorin 3A: A potential target for prevention and treatment of nickel allergy. Commun Biol 2022; 5:671. [PMID: 35798870 PMCID: PMC9262932 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03641-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Metal allergy is one of the typical immune disorders encountered during the application of dental/medical materials and has a highly complex pathogenic mechanism. Semaphorin 3A (Sema3A), a member of the semaphorin family, is reported to be involved in various immune disorders. However, its role in metal allergy has not been clarified yet. Herein, we show that Sema3A expression was upregulated in nickel (Ni) allergy-induced mouse ear tissue and in NiCl2-stimulated mouse keratinocytes. Moreover, Sema3A regulated tumor necrosis factor-alpha production and mitogen-activated protein kinase activation in keratinocytes. The specific deletion of Sema3A in keratinocytes did not affect immune cell infiltration but reduced edema and ear swelling; it also impeded Th1 responses to cause a slight alleviation in Ni allergy in mice. Our results demonstrate that Sema3A promotes the development of metal allergy and should be explored as a potential target for the prevention and treatment of metal allergy. Semaphorin 3A is upregulated in keratinocytes upon nickel exposure, subsequently promoting Th1 cytokine responses and driving nickel allergic reactions.
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10
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Adachi A, Honda T, Egawa G, Kanameishi S, Takimoto R, Miyake T, Hossain MR, Komine M, Ohtsuki M, Gunzer M, Ikuta K, Kabashima K. Estradiol suppresses psoriatic inflammation in mice by regulating neutrophil and macrophage functions. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2022; 150:909-919.e8. [PMID: 35589416 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2022.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psoriasis is a common inflammatory skin disease resulting from dysregulation of the IL-23/TH17 immune axis. The prevalence and severity of psoriasis is higher in men than in women, although the underlying reasons for this are unclear. OBJECTIVE We studied whether estradiol, a female hormone, plays protective roles in imiquimod-induced psoriatic inflammation in mice by regulating neutrophil and macrophage functions. METHODS Wild-type mice and conditional knockout mice were ovariectomized, supplemented with placebo or estradiol pellets, and an imiquimod-containing cream applied. RESULTS Mice without endogenous ovarian hormones exhibited exacerbated psoriatic inflammation including increased production of IL-17A and IL-1β, which was reversed by exogenously added estradiol. The suppressive effect of estradiol on the production of IL-1β and IL-17A was abolished in mice lacking estrogen receptors in neutrophils and macrophages (Esr1f/fEsr2f/fLysM-Cre+ mice). IL-1β, which is required for production of IL-17A in the psoriasis model, was mainly produced by neutrophils and inflammatory macrophages. Estradiol suppressed IL-1β production from neutrophils and macrophages in mice both in vivo and in vitro and from human neutrophils in vitro. CONCLUSION Our results suggest a novel mechanism for sex-dependent differences in psoriasis clinical phenotypes that may shed new light on the pathology of psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akimasa Adachi
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan; Department of Dermatology, Tokyo Metropolitan Bokutoh Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Honda
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan; Department of Dermatology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.
| | - Gyohei Egawa
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shuto Kanameishi
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Riko Takimoto
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toshiya Miyake
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Md Razib Hossain
- Department of Dermatology, Jichi Medical University Graduate School of Medicine, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Mayumi Komine
- Department of Dermatology, Jichi Medical University Graduate School of Medicine, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Mamitaro Ohtsuki
- Department of Dermatology, Jichi Medical University Graduate School of Medicine, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Matthias Gunzer
- Institute for Experimental Immunology and Imaging, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften ISAS-e.V, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Koichi Ikuta
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Department of Virus Research, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kenji Kabashima
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan; Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN) and Skin Research Institute of Singapore (SRIS), Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Singapore.
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11
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Colden MA, Kumar S, Munkhbileg B, Babushok DV. Insights Into the Emergence of Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria. Front Immunol 2022; 12:830172. [PMID: 35154088 PMCID: PMC8831232 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.830172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria (PNH) is a disease as simple as it is complex. PNH patients develop somatic loss-of-function mutations in phosphatidylinositol N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase subunit A gene (PIGA), required for the biosynthesis of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchors. Ubiquitous in eukaryotes, GPI anchors are a group of conserved glycolipid molecules responsible for attaching nearly 150 distinct proteins to the surface of cell membranes. The loss of two GPI-anchored surface proteins, CD55 and CD59, from red blood cells causes unregulated complement activation and hemolysis in classical PNH disease. In PNH patients, PIGA-mutant, GPI (-) hematopoietic cells clonally expand to make up a large portion of patients’ blood production, yet mechanisms leading to clonal expansion of GPI (-) cells remain enigmatic. Historical models of PNH in mice and the more recent PNH model in rhesus macaques showed that GPI (-) cells reconstitute near-normal hematopoiesis but have no intrinsic growth advantage and do not clonally expand over time. Landmark studies identified several potential mechanisms which can promote PNH clonal expansion. However, to what extent these contribute to PNH cell selection in patients continues to be a matter of active debate. Recent advancements in disease models and immunologic technologies, together with the growing understanding of autoimmune marrow failure, offer new opportunities to evaluate the mechanisms of clonal expansion in PNH. Here, we critically review published data on PNH cell biology and clonal expansion and highlight limitations and opportunities to further our understanding of the emergence of PNH clones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A. Colden
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Comprehensive Bone Marrow Failure Center, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Sushant Kumar
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Comprehensive Bone Marrow Failure Center, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Bolormaa Munkhbileg
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Comprehensive Bone Marrow Failure Center, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Daria V. Babushok
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Comprehensive Bone Marrow Failure Center, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- *Correspondence: Daria V. Babushok,
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12
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Ge Q, Guo Y, Zheng W, Cai Y, Qi X, Zhao S. A comparative analysis of differentially expressed mRNAs, miRNAs and circRNAs provides insights into the key genes involved in the high-altitude adaptation of yaks. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:744. [PMID: 34654374 PMCID: PMC8518315 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-08044-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Yaks that inhabit the Tibetan Plateau exhibit striking phenotypic and physiological differences from cattle and have adapted well to the extreme conditions on the plateau. However, the mechanisms used by these animals for the regulation of gene expression at high altitude are not fully understood. RESULTS Here, we sequenced nine lung transcriptomes of yaks at altitudes of 3400, 4200 and 5000 m, and low-altitude Zaosheng cattle, which is a closely related species, served as controls. The analysis identified 21,764 mRNAs, 1377 circRNAs and 1209 miRNAs. By comparing yaks and cattle, 4975 mRNAs, 252 circRNAs and 75 miRNAs were identified differentially expressed. By comparing yaks at different altitudes, we identified 756 mRNAs, 64 circRNAs and 83 miRNAs that were differentially expressed (fold change ≥2 and P-value < 0.05). The pathways enriched in the mRNAs, circRNAs and miRNAs identified from the comparison of yaks and cattle were mainly associated with metabolism, including 'glycosaminoglycan degradation', 'pentose and glucuronate interconversions' and 'flavone and flavonol biosynthesis', and the mRNAs, circRNAs and miRNAs identified from the comparison of yaks at different altitude gradients were significantly enriched in metabolic pathways and immune and genetic information processing pathways. The core RNAs were identified from the mRNA-miRNA-circRNA networks constructed using the predominant differentially expressed RNAs. The core genes specific to the difference between yaks and cattle were associated with the endoplasmic reticulum and fat deposition, but those identified from the comparison among yaks at different altitude gradients were associated with maintenance of the normal biological functions of cells. CONCLUSIONS This study enhances our understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in hypoxic adaptation in yaks and might contribute to improvements in the understanding and prevention of hypoxia-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianyun Ge
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Yongbo Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China
| | - Wangshan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China
| | - Yuan Cai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Xuebin Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China
| | - Shengguo Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China.
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13
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Faßbender S, Sondenheimer K, Majora M, Schindler J, Opitz FV, Pollet M, Haarmann-Stemmann T, Krutmann J, Weighardt H. Keratinocytes Counteract UVB-Induced Immunosuppression in Mice Via HIF-1a Signaling. J Invest Dermatol 2021; 142:1183-1193. [PMID: 34571000 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.07.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The transcription factor Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1alpha (HIF-1a) regulates cellular metabolism under hypoxia but also immune responses and UVB-induced skin reactions. In keratinocytes, HIF-1a is an environmental sensor orchestrating the adaptation to environmental changes. Here, we investigated the role of HIF-1a in keratinocytes for skin reactions to acute and chronic UVB exposure in mice. The function of HIF-1a in keratinocytes under UVB exposure was analyzed in conditional keratinocyte-specific HIF-1a-KO (in short "cKO") mice. cKO mice were hypersensitive to acute high-dose UVB irradiation compared to wildtype (WT), displaying increased cell death and delayed barrier repair. After chronic low-dose UVB treatment, cKO mice also had stronger epidermal damage but reduced infiltration of dermal macrophages and T helper cells compared to WT mice. Irradiated cKO mice revealed accumulation of regulatory lymphocytes in dorsal skin-draining lymph nodes compared to WT and unirradiated mice. This was reflected by augmented IL-10 release of lymph node cells and a weaker contact hypersensitivity reaction to DNFB in UVB-exposed cKO mice compared to WT and unirradiated controls. In summary, we found that keratinocyte-specific HIF-1a expression is crucial for adaptation to UVB exposure and inhibits the development of UVB-induced immunosuppression in mice. Therefore, HIF-1a signaling in keratinocytes could ameliorate photoaging-related skin disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Faßbender
- Immunology and Environment, Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Carl-Troll-Strasse 31, D-53115 Bonn, Germany; IUF Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Auf´m Hennekamp 50, D-40225 Duesseldorf, Germany.
| | - Kevin Sondenheimer
- IUF Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Auf´m Hennekamp 50, D-40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Marc Majora
- IUF Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Auf´m Hennekamp 50, D-40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Jennifer Schindler
- IUF Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Auf´m Hennekamp 50, D-40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Friederike V Opitz
- Immunology and Environment, Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Carl-Troll-Strasse 31, D-53115 Bonn, Germany; IUF Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Auf´m Hennekamp 50, D-40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Marius Pollet
- IUF Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Auf´m Hennekamp 50, D-40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Thomas Haarmann-Stemmann
- IUF Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Auf´m Hennekamp 50, D-40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Jean Krutmann
- IUF Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Auf´m Hennekamp 50, D-40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Heike Weighardt
- Immunology and Environment, Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Carl-Troll-Strasse 31, D-53115 Bonn, Germany; IUF Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Auf´m Hennekamp 50, D-40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
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14
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Castañón MJ, Wiche G. Identifying Plectin Isoform Functions through Animal Models. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092453. [PMID: 34572100 PMCID: PMC8468861 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Plectin, a high-molecular-weight cytoskeletal linker protein, binds with high affinity to intermediate filaments of all types and connects them to junctional complexes, organelles, and inner membrane systems. In addition, it interacts with actomyosin structures and microtubules. As a multifunctional protein, plectin has been implicated in several multisystemic diseases, the most common of which is epidermolysis bullosa simplex with muscular dystrophy (EBS-MD). A great part of our knowledge about plectin’s functional diversity has been gained through the analysis of a unique collection of transgenic mice that includes a full (null) knockout (KO), several tissue-restricted and isoform-specific KOs, three double KOs, and two knock-in lines. The key molecular features and pathological phenotypes of these mice will be discussed in this review. In summary, the analysis of the different genetic models indicated that a functional plectin is required for the proper function of striated and simple epithelia, cardiac and skeletal muscle, the neuromuscular junction, and the vascular endothelium, recapitulating the symptoms of humans carrying plectin mutations. The plectin-null line showed severe skin and muscle phenotypes reflecting the importance of plectin for hemidesmosome and sarcomere integrity; whereas the ablation of individual isoforms caused a specific phenotype in myofibers, basal keratinocytes, or neurons. Tissue-restricted ablation of plectin rendered the targeted cells less resilient to mechanical stress. Studies based on animal models other than the mouse, such as zebrafish and C. elegans, will be discussed as well.
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15
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Lukacs M, Blizzard LE, Stottmann RW. CNS glycosylphosphatidylinositol deficiency results in delayed white matter development, ataxia and premature death in a novel mouse model. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 29:1205-1217. [PMID: 32179897 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddaa046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor is a post-translational modification added to approximately 150 different proteins to facilitate proper membrane anchoring and trafficking to lipid rafts. Biosynthesis and remodeling of the GPI anchor requires the activity of over 20 distinct genes. Defects in the biosynthesis of GPI anchors in humans lead to inherited glycosylphosphatidylinositol deficiency (IGD). IGD patients display a wide range of phenotypes though the central nervous system (CNS) appears to be the most commonly affected tissue. A full understanding of the etiology of these phenotypes has been hampered by the lack of animal models due to embryonic lethality of GPI biosynthesis gene null mutants. Here we model IGD by genetically ablating GPI production in the CNS with a conditional mouse allele of phosphatidylinositol glycan anchor biosynthesis, class A (Piga) and Nestin-Cre. We find that the mutants do not have structural brain defects but do not survive past weaning. The mutants show progressive decline with severe ataxia consistent with defects in cerebellar development. We show that the mutants have reduced myelination and defective Purkinje cell development. Surprisingly, we found that Piga was expressed in a fairly restricted pattern in the early postnatal brain consistent with the defects we observed in our model. Thus, we have generated a novel mouse model of the neurological defects of IGD which demonstrates a critical role for GPI biosynthesis in cerebellar and white matter development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marshall Lukacs
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.,Medical Scientist Training Program, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Lauren E Blizzard
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Rolf W Stottmann
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.,Medical Scientist Training Program, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.,Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
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16
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A CRISPR-Cas9-engineered mouse model for GPI-anchor deficiency mirrors human phenotypes and exhibits hippocampal synaptic dysfunctions. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2014481118. [PMID: 33402532 PMCID: PMC7812744 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2014481118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Inherited GPI-anchor biosynthesis deficiencies (IGDs) explain many cases of syndromic intellectual disability. Although diagnostic methods are improving, the pathophysiology underlying the disease remains unclear. Furthermore, we lack rodent models suitable for characterizing cognitive and social disabilities. To address this issue, we generated a viable mouse model for an IGD that mirrors the condition in human patients with a behavioral phenotype and susceptibility to epilepsy. Using this model, we obtained neurological insights such as deficits in synaptic transmission that will facilitate understanding of the pathophysiology of IGDs. Pathogenic germline mutations in PIGV lead to glycosylphosphatidylinositol biosynthesis deficiency (GPIBD). Individuals with pathogenic biallelic mutations in genes of the glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchor pathway exhibit cognitive impairments, motor delay, and often epilepsy. Thus far, the pathophysiology underlying the disease remains unclear, and suitable rodent models that mirror all symptoms observed in human patients have not been available. Therefore, we used CRISPR-Cas9 to introduce the most prevalent hypomorphic missense mutation in European patients, Pigv:c.1022C > A (p.A341E), at a site that is conserved in mice. Mirroring the human pathology, mutant Pigv341E mice exhibited deficits in motor coordination, cognitive impairments, and alterations in sociability and sleep patterns, as well as increased seizure susceptibility. Furthermore, immunohistochemistry revealed reduced synaptophysin immunoreactivity in Pigv341E mice, and electrophysiology recordings showed decreased hippocampal synaptic transmission that could underlie impaired memory formation. In single-cell RNA sequencing, Pigv341E-hippocampal cells exhibited changes in gene expression, most prominently in a subtype of microglia and subicular neurons. A significant reduction in Abl1 transcript levels in several cell clusters suggested a link to the signaling pathway of GPI-anchored ephrins. We also observed elevated levels of Hdc transcripts, which might affect histamine metabolism with consequences for circadian rhythm. This mouse model will not only open the doors to further investigation into the pathophysiology of GPIBD, but will also deepen our understanding of the role of GPI-anchor–related pathways in brain development.
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17
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HMGB1-mediated chromatin remodeling attenuates Il24 gene expression for the protection from allergic contact dermatitis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2022343118. [PMID: 33443188 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2022343118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of inflammatory cytokines in keratinocytes promote the pathogenesis of the skin inflammation, such as allergic contact dermatitis (ACD). High-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) has been implicated in the promotion of skin inflammation upon its extracellular release as a damage-associated molecular pattern molecule. However, whether and how HMGB1 in keratinocytes contributes to ACD and other skin disorders remain elusive. In this study, we generated conditional knockout mice in which the Hmgb1 gene is specifically deleted in keratinocytes, and examined its role in ACD models. Interestingly, the mutant mice showed exacerbated skin inflammation, accompanied by increased ear thickening in 2,4-dinitrofluorobenezene-induced ACDs. The mRNA expression of interleukin-24 (IL-24), a cytokine known to critically contribute to ACD pathogenesis, was elevated in skin lesions of the mutant mice. As with constitutively expressed, IL-4-induced Il24 mRNA, expression was also augmented in the Hmgb1-deficient keratinocytes, which would account for the exacerbation of ACD in the mutant mice. Mechanistically, we observed an increased binding of trimethyl histone H3 (lys4) (H3K4me3), a hallmark of transcriptionally active genes, to the promoter region of the Il24 gene in the hmgb1-deficient cells. Thus, the nuclear HMGB1 is a critical "gate keeper" in that the dermal homeostasis is contingent to its function in chromatin remodeling. Our study revealed a facet of nuclear HMGB1, namely its antiinflammatory function in keratinocytes for the skin homeostasis.
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18
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Nunomura S, Nanri Y, Lefebvre V, Izuhara K. Epithelial SOX11 regulates eyelid closure during embryonic eye development. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 549:27-33. [PMID: 33662665 PMCID: PMC8005361 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.02.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor (FGF10)-mediated signals are essential for embryonic eyelid closure in mammals. Systemic SOX11-deficient mice are born with unclosed eyelids, suggesting a possible role of SOX11 in eyelid closure. However, the underlying mechanisms of this process remain unclear. In this study, we show that epithelial deficiency of SOX11 causes a defect in the extension of the leading edge of the eyelid, leading to failure of embryonic eyelid closure. c-Jun in the eyelid is a transcription factor downstream of FGF10 required for the extension of the leading edge of the eyelid, and c-Jun level was decreased in epithelial SOX11-deficient embryos. These results suggest that epithelial SOX11 plays an important role in embryonic eyelid closure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Nunomura
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Saga Medical School, Saga, Japan.
| | - Yasuhiro Nanri
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Saga Medical School, Saga, Japan
| | - Véronique Lefebvre
- Department of Surgery/Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Translational Program in Pediatric Orthopaedics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kenji Izuhara
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Saga Medical School, Saga, Japan
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19
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Kandasamy LC, Tsukamoto M, Banov V, Tsetsegee S, Nagasawa Y, Kato M, Matsumoto N, Takeda J, Itohara S, Ogawa S, Young LJ, Zhang Q. Limb-clasping, cognitive deficit and increased vulnerability to kainic acid-induced seizures in neuronal glycosylphosphatidylinositol deficiency mouse models. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 30:758-770. [PMID: 33607654 PMCID: PMC8161520 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddab052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Posttranslational modification of a protein with glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) is a conserved mechanism exists in all eukaryotes. Thus far, >150 human GPI-anchored proteins have been discovered and ~30 enzymes have been reported to be involved in the biosynthesis and maturation of mammalian GPI. Phosphatidylinositol glycan biosynthesis class A protein (PIGA) catalyzes the very first step of GPI anchor biosynthesis. Patients carrying a mutation of the PIGA gene usually suffer from inherited glycosylphosphatidylinositol deficiency (IGD) with intractable epilepsy and intellectual developmental disorder. We generated three mouse models with PIGA deficits specifically in telencephalon excitatory neurons (Ex-M-cko), inhibitory neurons (In-M-cko) or thalamic neurons (Th-H-cko), respectively. Both Ex-M-cko and In-M-cko mice showed impaired long-term fear memory and were more susceptible to kainic acid-induced seizures. In addition, In-M-cko demonstrated a severe limb-clasping phenotype. Hippocampal synapse changes were observed in Ex-M-cko mice. Our Piga conditional knockout mouse models provide powerful tools to understand the cell-type specific mechanisms underlying inherited GPI deficiency and to test different therapeutic modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenin C Kandasamy
- Laboratory of Social Neural Networks, Center for Social Neural Networks, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan
| | - Mina Tsukamoto
- Laboratory of Social Neural Networks, Center for Social Neural Networks, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan
| | - Vitaliy Banov
- Laboratory for Behavioral Genetics, CBS, RIKEN, Wako 351-0198, Japan.,Institute of Neuroinformatics, University of Zürich, ETH Zürich, Zürich 8057, Switzerland
| | - Sambuu Tsetsegee
- Laboratory of Social Neural Networks, Center for Social Neural Networks, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan
| | - Yutaro Nagasawa
- Laboratory of Social Neural Networks, Center for Social Neural Networks, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Kato
- Department of Pediatrics, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Naomichi Matsumoto
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Junji Takeda
- Yabumoto Department of Intractable Disease Research, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | | | - Sonoko Ogawa
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan
| | - Larry J Young
- Faculty of Human Sciences, Center for Social Neural Networks, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan.,Center for Translational Social Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta GA 30329, USA
| | - Qi Zhang
- Laboratory of Social Neural Networks, Center for Social Neural Networks, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan.,Laboratory for Behavioral Genetics, CBS, RIKEN, Wako 351-0198, Japan.,Faculty of Human Sciences, Center for Social Neural Networks, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan
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20
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Son JW, Shin JJ, Kim MG, Kim J, Son SW. Keratinocyte-specific knockout mice models via Cre–loxP recombination system. Mol Cell Toxicol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13273-020-00115-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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21
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Paolino M, Koglgruber R, Cronin SJF, Uribesalgo I, Rauscher E, Harreiter J, Schuster M, Bancher-Todesca D, Pranjic B, Novatchkova M, Fededa JP, White AJ, Sigl V, Dekan S, Penz T, Bock C, Kenner L, Holländer GA, Anderson G, Kautzky-Willer A, Penninger JM. RANK links thymic regulatory T cells to fetal loss and gestational diabetes in pregnancy. Nature 2021; 589:442-447. [PMID: 33361811 PMCID: PMC7116618 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-03071-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Successful pregnancies rely on adaptations within the mother1, including marked changes within the immune system2. It has long been known that the thymus, the central lymphoid organ, changes markedly during pregnancy3. However, the molecular basis and importance of this process remain largely obscure. Here we show that the osteoclast differentiation receptor RANK4,5 couples female sex hormones to the rewiring of the thymus during pregnancy. Genetic deletion of Rank (also known as Tnfrsf11a) in thymic epithelial cells results in impaired thymic involution and blunted expansion of natural regulatory T (Treg) cells in pregnant female mice. Sex hormones, in particular progesterone, drive the development of thymic Treg cells through RANK in a manner that depends on AIRE+ medullary thymic epithelial cells. The depletion of Rank in the mouse thymic epithelium results in reduced accumulation of natural Treg cells in the placenta, and an increase in the number of miscarriages. Thymic deletion of Rank also results in impaired accumulation of Treg cells in visceral adipose tissue, and is associated with enlarged adipocyte size, tissue inflammation, enhanced maternal glucose intolerance, fetal macrosomia, and a long-lasting transgenerational alteration in glucose homeostasis, which are all key hallmarks of gestational diabetes. Transplantation of Treg cells rescued fetal loss, maternal glucose intolerance and fetal macrosomia. In human pregnancies, we found that gestational diabetes also correlates with a reduced number of Treg cells in the placenta. Our findings show that RANK promotes the hormone-mediated development of thymic Treg cells during pregnancy, and expand the functional role of maternal Treg cells to the development of gestational diabetes and the transgenerational metabolic rewiring of glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Paolino
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna, Austria.
- Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Rubina Koglgruber
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna, Austria
| | - Shane J F Cronin
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna, Austria
| | - Iris Uribesalgo
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna, Austria
| | - Esther Rauscher
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna, Austria
| | - Jürgen Harreiter
- Gender Medicine Unit, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Schuster
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Science (CeMM), Vienna, Austria
| | - Dagmar Bancher-Todesca
- Division of Obstetrics and Feto-Maternal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Blanka Pranjic
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna, Austria
| | - Maria Novatchkova
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna, Austria
| | - Juan P Fededa
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna, Austria
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas "Dr. Rodolfo A. Ugalde", IIB-UNSAM, IIBIO-CONICET, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Andrea J White
- Institute for Immunology and Immunotherapy, Institute for Biomedical Research, Medical School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Verena Sigl
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna, Austria
| | - Sabine Dekan
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Penz
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Science (CeMM), Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Bock
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Science (CeMM), Vienna, Austria
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lukas Kenner
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Division of Experimental and Translational Pathology, Department of Pathology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Center for Biomarker Research in Medicine (CBmed), Graz, Austria
- Unit for Laboratory Animal Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Applied Metabolomics (CDL-AM), Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Georg A Holländer
- Paediatric Immunology, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Children's Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Paediatrics and The Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Graham Anderson
- Institute for Immunology and Immunotherapy, Institute for Biomedical Research, Medical School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Alexandra Kautzky-Willer
- Gender Medicine Unit, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Austrian Institute for Gender Medicine, Gars am Kamp, Austria
| | - Josef M Penninger
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna, Austria.
- Department of Medical Genetics, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
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22
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Hoste E, Maueröder C, van Hove L, Catrysse L, Vikkula HK, Sze M, Maes B, Karjosukarso D, Martens L, Gonçalves A, Parthoens E, Roelandt R, Declercq W, Fuentes I, Palisson F, Gonzalez S, Salas-Alanis JC, Boon L, Huebener P, Mulder KW, Ravichandran K, Saeys Y, Schwabe RF, van Loo G. Epithelial HMGB1 Delays Skin Wound Healing and Drives Tumor Initiation by Priming Neutrophils for NET Formation. Cell Rep 2020; 29:2689-2701.e4. [PMID: 31775038 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.10.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Regenerative responses predispose tissues to tumor formation by largely unknown mechanisms. High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a danger-associated molecular pattern contributing to inflammatory pathologies. We show that HMGB1 derived from keratinocytes, but not myeloid cells, delays cutaneous wound healing and drives tumor formation. In wounds of mice lacking HMGB1 selectively in keratinocytes, a marked reduction in neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation is observed. Pharmacological targeting of HMGB1 or NETs prevents skin tumorigenesis and accelerates wound regeneration. HMGB1-dependent NET formation and skin tumorigenesis is orchestrated by tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and requires RIPK1 kinase activity. NETs are present in the microenvironment of keratinocyte-derived tumors in mice and lesional and tumor skin of patients suffering from recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa, a disease in which skin blistering predisposes to tumorigenesis. We conclude that tumorigenicity of the wound microenvironment depends on epithelial-derived HMGB1 regulating NET formation, thereby establishing a mechanism linking reparative inflammation to tumor initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Hoste
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Christian Maueröder
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lisette van Hove
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Leen Catrysse
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hanna-Kaisa Vikkula
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mozes Sze
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bastiaan Maes
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dyah Karjosukarso
- Department of Molecular Developmental Biology, Radboud University, 6525 XZ Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Liesbet Martens
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Amanda Gonçalves
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; VIB Bio-Imaging Core, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Eef Parthoens
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; VIB Bio-Imaging Core, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ria Roelandt
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wim Declercq
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ignacia Fuentes
- Fundación DEBRA Chile, Santiago, Chile; Centro de Genetica y Genomica, Clinica Allemana, Universidad de Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Francis Palisson
- Fundación DEBRA Chile, Santiago, Chile; Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sergio Gonzalez
- Departemento de Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Louis Boon
- Bioceros, 3584 CM Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Peter Huebener
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Klaas Willem Mulder
- Department of Molecular Developmental Biology, Radboud University, 6525 XZ Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Kodi Ravichandran
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Yvan Saeys
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Applied Mathematics, Computer Sciences and Statistics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Geert van Loo
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.
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23
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EGFR/Ras-induced CCL20 production modulates the tumour microenvironment. Br J Cancer 2020; 123:942-954. [PMID: 32601464 PMCID: PMC7493992 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-020-0943-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The activation of the EGFR/Ras-signalling pathway in tumour cells induces a distinct chemokine repertoire, which in turn modulates the tumour microenvironment. Methods The effects of EGFR/Ras on the expression and translation of CCL20 were analysed in a large set of epithelial cancer cell lines and tumour tissues by RT-qPCR and ELISA in vitro. CCL20 production was verified by immunohistochemistry in different tumour tissues and correlated with clinical data. The effects of CCL20 on endothelial cell migration and tumour-associated vascularisation were comprehensively analysed with chemotaxis assays in vitro and in CCR6-deficient mice in vivo. Results Tumours facilitate progression by the EGFR/Ras-induced production of CCL20. Expression of the chemokine CCL20 in tumours correlates with advanced tumour stage, increased lymph node metastasis and decreased survival in patients. Microvascular endothelial cells abundantly express the specific CCL20 receptor CCR6. CCR6 signalling in endothelial cells induces angiogenesis. CCR6-deficient mice show significantly decreased tumour growth and tumour-associated vascularisation. The observed phenotype is dependent on CCR6 deficiency in stromal cells but not within the immune system. Conclusion We propose that the chemokine axis CCL20–CCR6 represents a novel and promising target to interfere with the tumour microenvironment, and opens an innovative multimodal strategy for cancer therapy.
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24
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Ma J, Liu M, Wang Y, Xin C, Zhang H, Chen S, Zheng X, Zhang X, Xiao F, Yang S. Quantitative proteomics analysis of young and elderly skin with DIA mass spectrometry reveals new skin aging-related proteins. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:13529-13554. [PMID: 32602849 PMCID: PMC7377841 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Skin aging is a specific manifestation of the physiological aging process that occurs in virtually all organisms. In this study, we used data independent acquisition mass spectrometry to perform a comparative analysis of protein expression in volar forearm skin samples from of 20 healthy young and elderly Chinese individuals. Our quantitative proteomic analysis identified a total of 95 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in aged skin compared to young skin. Enrichment analyses of these DEPs (57 upregulated and 38 downregulated proteins) based on the GO, KEGG, and KOG databases revealed functional clusters associated with immunity and inflammation, oxidative stress, biosynthesis and metabolism, proteases, cell proliferation, cell differentiation, and apoptosis. We also found that GAPDH, which was downregulated in aged skin samples, was the top hub gene in a protein-protein interaction network analysis. Some of the DEPs identified herein had been previously correlated with aging of the skin and other organs, while others may represent novel age-related entities. Our non-invasive proteomics analysis of human epidermal proteins may guide future research on skin aging to help develop treatments for age-related skin conditions and rejuvenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ma
- Department of Dermatology of First Affiliated Hospital, and Institute of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Mengting Liu
- Department of Dermatology of First Affiliated Hospital, and Institute of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yaochi Wang
- Department of Dermatology of First Affiliated Hospital, and Institute of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Cong Xin
- Department of Dermatology of First Affiliated Hospital, and Institute of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Dermatology of First Affiliated Hospital, and Institute of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Shirui Chen
- Department of Dermatology of First Affiliated Hospital, and Institute of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaodong Zheng
- Department of Dermatology of First Affiliated Hospital, and Institute of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xuejun Zhang
- Department of Dermatology of First Affiliated Hospital, and Institute of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Fengli Xiao
- Department of Dermatology of First Affiliated Hospital, and Institute of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui, China.,The Center for Scientific Research of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Sen Yang
- Department of Dermatology of First Affiliated Hospital, and Institute of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui, China
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25
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Goldstein JD, Bassoy EY, Caruso A, Palomo J, Rodriguez E, Lemeille S, Gabay C. IL-36 signaling in keratinocytes controls early IL-23 production in psoriasis-like dermatitis. Life Sci Alliance 2020; 3:e202000688. [PMID: 32345660 PMCID: PMC7190273 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202000688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
IL-36R signaling plays an important role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. We ought to assess the specific function of IL-36R in keratinocytes for the pathology of Aldara-induced psoriasis-like dermatitis. Il36r ΔK mice presenting deletion of IL-36R in keratinocytes were similarly resistant to Aldara-induced ear inflammation as Il36r -/- mice, but acanthosis was only prevented in Il36r -/- mice. FACS analysis revealed that IL-36R signaling in keratinocytes is mandatory for early neutrophil infiltration in Aldara-treated ears. RNASeq and qRT-PCR experiments demonstrated the crucial role of IL-36R signaling in keratinocytes for induction of IL-23, IL-17, and IL-22 at early time points. Taken together, our results demonstrate that IL-36R signaling in keratinocytes plays a major role in the induction of Aldara-induced psoriasis-like dermatitis by triggering early production of IL-23/IL-17/IL-22 cytokines and neutrophil infiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémie D Goldstein
- Department of Pathology-Immunology, University of Geneva Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Esen Y Bassoy
- Department of Pathology-Immunology, University of Geneva Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Assunta Caruso
- Department of Pathology-Immunology, University of Geneva Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jennifer Palomo
- Department of Pathology-Immunology, University of Geneva Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Emiliana Rodriguez
- Department of Pathology-Immunology, University of Geneva Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sylvain Lemeille
- Department of Pathology-Immunology, University of Geneva Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Cem Gabay
- Department of Pathology-Immunology, University of Geneva Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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26
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Bayat A, Knaus A, Pendziwiat M, Afenjar A, Barakat TS, Bosch F, Callewaert B, Calvas P, Ceulemans B, Chassaing N, Depienne C, Endziniene M, Ferreira CR, Moura de Souza CF, Freihuber C, Ganesan S, Gataullina S, Guerrini R, Guerrot A, Hansen L, Jezela‐Stanek A, Karsenty C, Kievit A, Kooy FR, Korff CM, Kragh Hansen J, Larsen M, Layet V, Lesca G, McBride KL, Meuwissen M, Mignot C, Montomoli M, Moore H, Naudion S, Nava C, Nougues M, Parrini E, Pastore M, Schelhaas JH, Skinner S, Szczałuba K, Thomas A, Thomassen M, Tranebjærg L, Slegtenhorst M, Wolfe LA, Lal D, Gardella E, Bomme Ousager L, Brünger T, Helbig I, Krawitz P, Møller RS. Lessons learned from 40 novel
PIGA
patients and a review of the literature. Epilepsia 2020; 61:1142-1155. [DOI: 10.1111/epi.16545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Allan Bayat
- Institute for Regional Health Services University of Southern Denmark Odense Denmark
- Department of Epilepsy Genetics and Personalized Medicine Danish Epilepsy Center Dianalund Denmark
| | - Alexej Knaus
- Institute for Genomic Statistics and Bioinformatics University Hospital Bonn Rheinische Friedrich‐Wilhelms‐University Bonn Bonn Germany
| | - Manuela Pendziwiat
- Department of Neuropediatrics University Medical Center Schleswig‐Holstein Christian Albrechts University Kiel Germany
| | - Alexandra Afenjar
- CRMR Congenital Malformations and Diseases of the Cerebellum and Rare Causes of Intellectual Disabilities Department of Genetics Sorbonne University, AP‐HP, Trousseau Hospital Paris France
| | - Tahsin Stefan Barakat
- Department of Clinical Genetics Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam the Netherlands
| | | | - Bert Callewaert
- Center for Medical Genetics Ghent University Hospital Ghent Belgium
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine Ghent University Ghent Belgium
| | - Patrick Calvas
- UMR1056 INSERM‐Université de Toulouse, Department of Genetics University Hospital of Toulouse Toulouse France
| | - Berten Ceulemans
- Department of Pediatric Neurology University Hospital and University of Antwerp Antwerp Belgium
| | - Nicolas Chassaing
- UMR1056 INSERM‐Université de Toulouse, Department of Genetics University Hospital of Toulouse Toulouse France
| | - Christel Depienne
- Institute of Human Genetics University Hospital Essen University of Duisburg‐Essen Essen Germany
- UMR S1127, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225 Institute of brain and spinal cord Sorbonne University Paris France
| | - Milda Endziniene
- Neurology Department Medical Academy Lithuanian University of Health Sciences Kaunas Lithuania
| | - Carlos R. Ferreira
- Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health Bethesda MarylandUSA
| | | | - Cécile Freihuber
- Department of Pediatric Neurology AP‐HP, GHUEP Armand Trousseau University Hospital Paris France
- GRC ConCer‐LD Sorbonne University, UPMC University of Paris 06 Paris France
| | - Shiva Ganesan
- Division of Neurology Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia Philadelphia PennsylvaniaUSA
- Epilepsy NeuroGenetics Initiative Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Philadelphia PennsylvaniaUSA
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia Philadelphia PennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Svetlana Gataullina
- Sleep Disorders Center AP‐HP, Antoine‐Béclère Hospital Clamart France
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatal Intensive Care André Grégoire Hospital Montreuil France
| | - Renzo Guerrini
- Pediatric Neurology, Neurogenetics and Neurobiology Unit and Laboratories Department of Neuroscience, A. Meyer Children's Hospital University of Florence Florence Italy
| | - Anne‐Marie Guerrot
- Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Disorders Normandy Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine Normandy University, UNIROUEN Inserm U1245 and Rouen University Hospital Rouen France
| | - Lars Hansen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine Faculty of Health Science Copenhagen Center for Glycomics Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Aleksandra Jezela‐Stanek
- Department of Genetics and Clinical Immunology National Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Warsaw Poland
| | - Caroline Karsenty
- Neuropediatrics Department University Hospital of Toulouse Toulouse France
| | - Anneke Kievit
- Department of Clinical Genetics Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam the Netherlands
| | - Frank R. Kooy
- Department of Medical Genetics University of Antwerp Antwerp Belgium
| | - Christian M. Korff
- Pediatric Neurology Unit Department of the Woman, Child, and Adolescent University Hospitals Geneva Geneva Switzerland
| | | | - Martin Larsen
- Department of Clinical Genetics Odense University Hospital Odense Denmark
- Human Genetics Department of Clinical Research University of Southern Denmark Odense Denmark
| | - Valérie Layet
- Department of Genetics Du Havre Hospital Le Havre France
| | - Gaetan Lesca
- Department of Medical Genetics Lyon University Hospital Lyon France
- Institut Neuromyogene University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon University Lyon France
| | - Kim L. McBride
- Division of Genetic and Genomic Medicine Nationwide Children's Hospital Columbus OhioUSA
- Center for Cardiovascular Research Nationwide Children's Hospital Columbus OhioUSA
- Department of Pediatrics Ohio State University Columbus OhioUSA
| | - Marije Meuwissen
- Department of Medical Genetics University of Antwerp Antwerp Belgium
| | - Cyril Mignot
- APHP Department of Genetics Pitié‐Salpêtrière Hospital Reference Center for Rare Causes of Intellectual Disabilities Paris France
- Department of Genetics Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225 Institute for brain and spinal cord ICM, AP‐HP De la Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, Sorbonne University Paris France
| | - Martino Montomoli
- Pediatric Neurology, Neurogenetics and Neurobiology Unit and Laboratories Department of Neuroscience, A. Meyer Children's Hospital University of Florence Florence Italy
| | - Hannah Moore
- Greenwood Genetic Center Greenwood South CarolinaUSA
| | - Sophie Naudion
- Department of Genetics, University of Bordeaux Bordeaux France
| | - Caroline Nava
- Department of Genetics Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225 Institute for brain and spinal cord ICM, AP‐HP De la Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, Sorbonne University Paris France
| | | | - Elena Parrini
- Pediatric Neurology, Neurogenetics and Neurobiology Unit and Laboratories Department of Neuroscience, A. Meyer Children's Hospital University of Florence Florence Italy
| | - Matthew Pastore
- Division of Genetic and Genomic Medicine Nationwide Children's Hospital Columbus OhioUSA
- Department of Pediatrics Ohio State University Columbus OhioUSA
| | | | | | | | - Ashley Thomas
- Department of Neurology University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham AlabamaUSA
| | - Mads Thomassen
- Department of Clinical Genetics Odense University Hospital Odense Denmark
- Human Genetics Department of Clinical Research University of Southern Denmark Odense Denmark
| | - Lisbeth Tranebjærg
- Department of Clinical Genetics Rigshospitalet/Kennedy Center Glostrup Denmark
- Institute of Clinical Medicine University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Marjon Slegtenhorst
- Department of Clinical Genetics Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam the Netherlands
| | - Lynne A. Wolfe
- Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Common Fund National Institutes of Health Bethesda MarylandUSA
- Section of Human Biochemical Genetics National Human Genome Research Institute Bethesda MarylandUSA
| | - Dennis Lal
- Cologne Center for Genomics University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne Cologne Germany
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard Cambridge MassachusettsUSA
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MassachusettsUSA
- Epilepsy Center Neurological Institute Cleveland Clinic Cleveland OhioUSA
- Genomic Medicine Institute Lerner Research Institute Cleveland Clinic Cleveland OhioUSA
| | - Elena Gardella
- Institute for Regional Health Services University of Southern Denmark Odense Denmark
- Department of Epilepsy Genetics and Personalized Medicine Danish Epilepsy Center Dianalund Denmark
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology Danish Epilepsy Center Dianalund Denmark
| | - Lilian Bomme Ousager
- Department of Clinical Genetics Odense University Hospital Odense Denmark
- Human Genetics Department of Clinical Research University of Southern Denmark Odense Denmark
| | - Tobias Brünger
- Cologne Center for Genomics University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne Cologne Germany
| | - Ingo Helbig
- Department of Neuropediatrics University Medical Center Schleswig‐Holstein Christian Albrechts University Kiel Germany
- Division of Neurology Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia Philadelphia PennsylvaniaUSA
- Epilepsy NeuroGenetics Initiative Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Philadelphia PennsylvaniaUSA
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia Philadelphia PennsylvaniaUSA
- Department of Neurology University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine Philadelphia PennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Peter Krawitz
- Institute for Genomic Statistics and Bioinformatics University Hospital Bonn Rheinische Friedrich‐Wilhelms‐University Bonn Bonn Germany
| | - Rikke S. Møller
- Institute for Regional Health Services University of Southern Denmark Odense Denmark
- Department of Epilepsy Genetics and Personalized Medicine Danish Epilepsy Center Dianalund Denmark
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27
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Masuda N, Murakami K, Kita Y, Hamada A, Kamada M, Teramoto Y, Sakatani T, Matsumoto K, Sano T, Saito R, Okuno Y, Ogawa O, Kobayashi T. Trp53 Mutation in Keratin 5 (Krt5)-Expressing Basal Cells Facilitates the Development of Basal Squamous-Like Invasive Bladder Cancer in the Chemical Carcinogenesis of Mouse Bladder. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2020; 190:1752-1762. [PMID: 32339497 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2020.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The biological processes of urothelial carcinogenesis are not fully understood, particularly regarding the relationship between specific genetic events, cell of origin, and molecular subtypes of subsequent tumors. N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)-nitrosamine (BBN)-induced mouse bladder cancer is widely accepted as a useful model that recapitulates the pathway of human bladder tumorigenesis from dysplasia to invasive cancer via carcinoma in situ. However, the long and variable time of tumorigenesis often hinders efficient preclinical or translational research. We hypothesized that Trp53 mutation in specific types of urothelial cells facilitates efficient development of clinically relevant bladder cancer. Using lineage tracing, we showed that Trp53 mutation in Krt5-expressing cells resulted in more efficient tumorigenesis of mouse muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) with squamous differentiation compared with Trp53 mutation in Upk2-expressing cells, or wild-type or hemizygous Trp53 in the entire urothelium. Mouse MIBC that developed at 24 weeks of BBN treatment showed morphologic and genetic similarities to the basal squamous subtypes of human MIBC, irrespective of pre-induction of Trp53 mutation or whether the cell of origin was Krt5- or Upk2-expressing cells. Our findings suggest that intermediate cells as well as basal cells also can give rise to basal-like MIBC, with pre-induction of Trp53 mutation accelerating MIBC. Thus, in BBN chemical carcinogenesis, pre-induction of Trp53 mutation in basal cells facilitates efficient modeling of the basal squamous subtype of human MIBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norihiko Masuda
- Department of Urology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kaoru Murakami
- Department of Urology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuki Kita
- Department of Urology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akihiro Hamada
- Department of Urology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mayumi Kamada
- Department of Biomedical Data Intelligence, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuki Teramoto
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toru Sakatani
- Department of Urology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Keiyu Matsumoto
- Department of Urology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takeshi Sano
- Department of Urology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Saito
- Department of Urology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yasushi Okuno
- Department of Biomedical Data Intelligence, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Osamu Ogawa
- Department of Urology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Takashi Kobayashi
- Department of Urology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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Sato R, Makino-Okamura C, Lin Q, Wang M, Shoemaker JE, Kurosaki T, Fukuyama H. Repurposing the psoriasis drug Oxarol to an ointment adjuvant for the influenza vaccine. Int Immunol 2020; 32:499-507. [PMID: 32060507 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxaa012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aluminum precipitates have long been used as adjuvants for human vaccines, but there is a clear need for safer and more effective adjuvants. Here we report in a mouse model that the psoriasis drug Oxarol ointment is a highly effective vaccine adjuvant. By applying Oxarol ointment onto skin, humoral responses and germinal center (GC) reactions were augmented, and the treated mice were protected from death caused by influenza virus infection. Keratinocyte-specific vitamin D3 receptor (Vdr) gene expression was required for these responses through induction of the thymic stromal lymphopoietin (Tslp) gene. Experiments involving administration of recombinant TSLP or, conversely, anti-TSLP antibody demonstrated that TSLP plays a key role in the GC reactions. Furthermore, cell-type-specific Tslpr gene deletion or diphtheria toxin-mediated deletion of specific cell types revealed that CD11c+ cells excluding Langerhans cells were responsible for the Oxarol-mediated GC reactions. These results indicate that active vitamin D3 is able to enhance the humoral response via Tslp induction in the skin and serves as a new vaccine adjuvant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Sato
- Laboratory for Lymphocyte Differentiation, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan.,Cell Integrative Science Laboratory, Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Chieko Makino-Okamura
- Laboratory for Lymphocyte Differentiation, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Quingshun Lin
- Laboratory for Lymphocyte Differentiation, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Muying Wang
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jason E Shoemaker
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,The McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine (MIRM), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Computational and Systems Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Tomohiro Kurosaki
- Laboratory for Lymphocyte Differentiation, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan.,Laboratory of Lymphocyte Differentiation, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hidehiro Fukuyama
- Laboratory for Lymphocyte Differentiation, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan.,Cell Integrative Science Laboratory, Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan.,INSERM EST, France
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29
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Cibrian D, Castillo-González R, Fernández-Gallego N, de la Fuente H, Jorge I, Saiz ML, Punzón C, Ramírez-Huesca M, Vicente-Manzanares M, Fresno M, Daudén E, Fraga-Fernandez J, Vazquez J, Aragonés J, Sánchez-Madrid F. Targeting L-type amino acid transporter 1 in innate and adaptive T cells efficiently controls skin inflammation. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2019; 145:199-214.e11. [PMID: 31605740 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2019.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psoriasis is a frequent inflammatory skin disease that is mainly mediated by IL-23, IL-1β, and IL-17 cytokines. Although psoriasis is a hyperproliferative skin disorder, the possible role of amino acid transporters has remained unexplored. OBJECTIVE We sought to investigate the role of the essential amino acid transporter L-type amino acid transporter (LAT) 1 (SLC7A5) in psoriasis. METHODS LAT1 floxed mice were crossed to Cre-expressing mouse strains under the control of keratin 5, CD4, and retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor γ. We produced models of skin inflammation induced by imiquimod (IMQ) and IL-23 and tested the effect of inhibiting LAT1 (JPH203) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR [rapamycin]). RESULTS LAT1 expression is increased in keratinocytes and skin-infiltrating lymphocytes of psoriatic lesions in human subjects and mice. LAT1 deletion in keratinocytes does not dampen the inflammatory response or their proliferation, which could be maintained by increased expression of the alternative amino acid transporters LAT2 and LAT3. Specific deletion of LAT1 in γδ and CD4 T cells controls the inflammatory response induced by IMQ. LAT1 deletion or inhibition blocks expansion of IL-17-secreting γ4+δ4+ and CD4 T cells and dampens the release of IL-1β, IL-17, and IL-22 in the IMQ-induced model. Moreover, inhibition of LAT1 blocks expansion of human γδ T cells and IL-17 secretion by human CD4 T cells. IL-23 and IL-1β stimulation upregulates LAT1 expression and induces mTOR activation in IL-17+ γδ and TH17 cells. Deletion or inhibition of LAT1 efficiently controls IL-23- and IL-1β-induced phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/AKT/mTOR activation independent of T-cell receptor signaling. CONCLUSION Targeting LAT1-mediated amino acid uptake is a potentially useful immunosuppressive strategy to control skin inflammation mediated by the IL-23/IL-1β/IL-17 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danay Cibrian
- Immunology Service, Hospital de la Princesa, Instituto Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain; Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Castillo-González
- Immunology Service, Hospital de la Princesa, Instituto Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain; Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Nieves Fernández-Gallego
- Immunology Service, Hospital de la Princesa, Instituto Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain; Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Hortensia de la Fuente
- Immunology Service, Hospital de la Princesa, Instituto Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain; Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Jorge
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Laura Saiz
- Immunology Service, Hospital de la Princesa, Instituto Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain; Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Punzón
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Miguel Vicente-Manzanares
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer-Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, CIC-IBMCC (CSIC-Universidad de Salamanca), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Manuel Fresno
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Esteban Daudén
- Dermatology Service, Hospital de la Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Jesús Vazquez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Julián Aragonés
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain; Reasearch Unit, Hospital de La Princesa, Instituto Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Sánchez-Madrid
- Immunology Service, Hospital de la Princesa, Instituto Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain; Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain.
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30
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Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Directly Regulates Artemin Gene Expression. Mol Cell Biol 2019; 39:MCB.00190-19. [PMID: 31358547 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00190-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Transgenic mice expressing a constitutively active form of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor in keratinocytes (AhR-CA mice) develop severe dermatitis that substantially recapitulates the pathology of human atopic dermatitis. The neurotrophic factor artemin (Artn) is highly expressed in the epidermis of AhR-CA mice and causes hypersensitivity to itch (alloknesis) by elongating nerves into the epidermis. However, whether the Artn gene is regulated directly by AhR or indirectly through complex regulation associated with AhR remains unclear. To this end, we previously conducted chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing analyses of the Artn locus and found a xenobiotic response element (XRE) motif located far upstream (52 kb) of the gene. Therefore, in this study, we addressed whether the XRE actually regulates the Artn gene expression by deleting the region containing the motif. We generated two lines of ArtnΔXRE mice. In the mouse epidermis, inducible expression of the Artn gene by the AhR agonist 3-methylcholanthrene was substantially suppressed compared to that in wild-type mice. Importantly, in AhR-CA::ArtnΔXRE mice, Artn expression was significantly suppressed, and alloknesis was improved. These results demonstrate that the Artn gene is indeed regulated by the distal XRE-containing enhancer, and alloknesis in AhR-CA mice is provoked by the AhR-mediated direct induction of the Artn gene.
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31
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Hirano YU, Suzuki K, Iguchi T, Yamada G, Miyagawa S. The Role of Fgf Signaling on Epithelial Cell Differentiation in Mouse Vagina. In Vivo 2019; 33:1499-1505. [PMID: 31471398 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.11630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Revised: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM The mouse vagina exhibits stratified squamous epithelium, which is comprised of multiple cell layers. We previously showed that erbB signaling, induced by epithelial estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1), is required for the initial differentiation of the epithelium. However, the downstream effector that mediates terminal differentiation in the apical layers remains elusive. The contribution of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) to vaginal epithelial cell differentiation was investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS Vaginas from wild-type or epithelium-specific Esr1 conditional knockout (cKO) mice were analyzed using immunohistochemistry and quantitative real-time RT-PCR. RESULTS Of the FGF ligands examined, Fgf22 mRNA was significantly induced following estrogen treatment. Furthermore, FGF downstream signaling, phosphorylated FRS2 and ERK1/2 were exclusively expressed in the apical layers of the vaginal epithelium. No changes in such expression were observed in the Esr1 cKO mice. CONCLUSION FGF-ERK/MAPK pathway may be a main inducer of terminal differentiation in the mouse vaginal epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y U Hirano
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Institute of Advanced Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Kentaro Suzuki
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Institute of Advanced Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Taisen Iguchi
- Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Gen Yamada
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Institute of Advanced Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Shinichi Miyagawa
- Faculty of Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, Japan
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32
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Sasaki K, Himeno A, Nakagawa T, Sasaki Y, Kiyonari H, Iwai K. Modulation of autoimmune pathogenesis by T cell-triggered inflammatory cell death. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3878. [PMID: 31462647 PMCID: PMC6713751 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11858-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
T cell-mediated autoimmunity encompasses diverse immunopathological outcomes; however, the mechanisms underlying this diversity are largely unknown. Dysfunction of the tripartite linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex (LUBAC) is associated with distinct autonomous immune-related diseases. Cpdm mice lacking Sharpin, an accessory subunit of LUBAC, have innate immune cell-predominant dermatitis triggered by death of LUBAC-compromised keratinocytes. Here we show that specific gene ablation of Sharpin in mouse Treg causes phenotypes mimicking cpdm-like inflammation. Mechanistic analyses find that multiple types of programmed cell death triggered by TNF from tissue-oriented T cells initiate proinflammatory responses to implicate innate immune-mediated pathogenesis in this T cell-mediated inflammation. Moreover, additional disruption of the Hoip locus encoding the catalytic subunit of LUBAC converts cpdm-like dermatitis to T cell-predominant autoimmune lesions; however, innate immune-mediated pathogenesis still remains. These findings show that T cell-mediated killing and sequential autoinflammation are common and crucial for pathogenic diversity during T cell-mediated autoimmune responses. Many forms of autoimmune disorder involve abnormal T cell functions, but how this versatility is achieved is not fully clear. Here the authors show that Sharpin-deficient Treg cells induce the death of local keratinocytes via multiple programmed cell death and innate inflammation to cause skin inflammation similar to cpdm mice with genetic deletion of Sharpin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhiro Sasaki
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Ai Himeno
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Tomoko Nakagawa
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshiteru Sasaki
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kiyonari
- Animal Resource Development Unit and Genetic Engineering Team, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, 2-2-3 Minatojima Minami-machi, Chuou-ku, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Iwai
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.
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33
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Ueyama T, Sakuma M, Nakatsuji M, Uebi T, Hamada T, Aiba A, Saito N. Rac-Dependent Signaling from Keratinocytes Promotes Differentiation of Intradermal White Adipocytes. J Invest Dermatol 2019; 140:75-84.e6. [PMID: 31351086 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2019.06.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Revised: 06/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Rac signaling affects numerous downstream targets in vitro; however, few studies have established in vivo levels. We generated mice with a single knockout (KO) of Rac1 (Keratin5(K5)-Cre;Rac1flox/flox, Rac1-KO) and double KO of Rac1 and Rac3 (K5-Cre;Rac1flox/flox;Rac3-/-, Rac1/Rac3-DKO) in keratinocytes. The hairless phenotype in Rac1-KO mice was markedly exacerbated in Rac1/Rac3-DKO mice. Strikingly, Rac1-KO mice exhibited thinner dermal white adipose tissue, which was considerably further reduced in Rac1/Rac3-DKO mice. DNA microarray using primary keratinocytes from Rac1/Rac3-DKO mice exhibited decreased mRNA levels of Bmp2, Bmp5, Fgf20, Fgf21, Fgfbp1, and Pdgfα. Combinational treatment with bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) 2 and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 21 in culture medium, but not individual purified recombinant proteins, could differentiate 3T3-L1 fibroblasts into adipocytes, as could culture media from primary keratinocytes. Conversely, addition of anti-BMP2 or anti-FGF21 antibodies into the culture medium inhibited fibroblast differentiation. In addition, BMP2 and FGF21 treatment promoted adipocyte differentiation only of rat primary white adipocyte precursors but not rat primary brown adipocyte precursors. Furthermore, BMP2 and FGF21 treatment enhanced adipogenesis of normal human dermal fibroblasts. Notably, brown adipogenesis promoted by FGF21 was inhibited by BMP2. Thus, we propose a complex paracrine pathway from keratinocytes to intradermal pre-adipocytes, which functions as a Rac-dependent modulator of both white and brown adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takehiko Ueyama
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Biosignal Research Center, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan.
| | - Megumi Sakuma
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Biosignal Research Center, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Mio Nakatsuji
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Biosignal Research Center, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Uebi
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Biosignal Research Center, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Takeshi Hamada
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Biosignal Research Center, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Atsu Aiba
- Laboratory of Animal Resources, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoaki Saito
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Biosignal Research Center, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
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34
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Lukacs M, Roberts T, Chatuverdi P, Stottmann RW. Glycosylphosphatidylinositol biosynthesis and remodeling are required for neural tube closure, heart development, and cranial neural crest cell survival. eLife 2019; 8:45248. [PMID: 31232685 PMCID: PMC6611694 DOI: 10.7554/elife.45248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchors attach nearly 150 proteins to the cell membrane. Patients with pathogenic variants in GPI biosynthesis genes develop diverse phenotypes including seizures, dysmorphic facial features and cleft palate through an unknown mechanism. We identified a novel mouse mutant (cleft lip/palate, edema and exencephaly; Clpex) with a hypo-morphic mutation in Post-Glycophosphatidylinositol Attachment to Proteins-2 (Pgap2), a component of the GPI biosynthesis pathway. The Clpex mutation decreases surface GPI expression. Surprisingly, Pgap2 showed tissue-specific expression with enrichment in the brain and face. We found the Clpex phenotype is due to apoptosis of neural crest cells (NCCs) and the cranial neuroepithelium. We showed folinic acid supplementation in utero can partially rescue the cleft lip phenotype. Finally, we generated a novel mouse model of NCC-specific total GPI deficiency. These mutants developed median cleft lip and palate demonstrating a previously undocumented cell autonomous role for GPI biosynthesis in NCC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marshall Lukacs
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Medical Center, Cincinnati, United States.,Medical Scientist Training Program, Cincinnati Children's Medical Center, Cincinnati, United States
| | - Tia Roberts
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Medical Center, Cincinnati, United States
| | - Praneet Chatuverdi
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Medical Center, Cincinnati, United States
| | - Rolf W Stottmann
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Medical Center, Cincinnati, United States.,Medical Scientist Training Program, Cincinnati Children's Medical Center, Cincinnati, United States.,Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Medical Center, Cincinnati, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, United States
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35
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Yan H, Gao Y, Ding Q, Liu J, Li Y, Jin M, Xu H, Ma S, Wang X, Zeng W, Chen Y. Exosomal Micro RNAs Derived from Dermal Papilla Cells Mediate Hair Follicle Stem Cell Proliferation and Differentiation. Int J Biol Sci 2019; 15:1368-1382. [PMID: 31337968 PMCID: PMC6643152 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.33233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated that dermal papilla cell-derived exosomes (DPC-Exos) promote the anagen stage of hair follicle (HF) growth and delay the catagen stage. However, the roles of DPC-Exos in regulating hair follicle stem cell (HFSC) quiescence and activation remain unknown. Here, we found that HFSC differentiation was induced by co-culture with DPCs, and that DPC-Exos attached to the surface of HFSCs. Using micro RNA (miRNA) high-throughput sequencing, we identified 111 miRNAs that were significantly differentially expressed between DPC-Exos and DPCs, and the predicted target genes of the top 34 differentially expressed miRNAs indicated that DPC-Exos regulate HFSCs proliferation and differentiation via genes involved in cellular signal transduction, fatty acid expression regulation, and cellular communication. The overexpression of miR-22-5p indicated that it negatively regulates HFSC proliferation and LEF1 was revealed as the direct target gene of miR-22-5p. We therefore propose the miR-22-5p-LEF1 axis as a novel pathway regulating HFSC proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailong Yan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Life Science Research Center, Yulin University, Yulin, China
| | - Ye Gao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- School of Medicine, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, China
| | - Qiang Ding
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Jiao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yan Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Miaohan Jin
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Han Xu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Sen Ma
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xiaolong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Wenxian Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yulin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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36
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Noguchi S, Honda S, Saitoh T, Matsumura H, Nishimura E, Akira S, Shimizu S. Beclin 1 regulates recycling endosome and is required for skin development in mice. Commun Biol 2019; 2:37. [PMID: 30701202 PMCID: PMC6347619 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-018-0279-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Beclin 1 is a key regulator of autophagy and endocytosis. However, its autophagy-independent functions remain poorly understood. Here, we report that Beclin 1 regulates recycling endosome and is required for skin development in vivo. We first established keratinocyte-specific Beclin 1-knockout mice and found that these mutant mice died owing to severe impairment of epidermal barrier. Beclin 1 plays a role in autophagy and the endocytic pathway in cooperation with Atg14 and UVRAG, respectively, and keratinocyte-specific Atg14-knockout mice do not show any abnormal phenotypes, suggesting that Beclin 1 has a role in skin development via the endocytic pathway. Furthermore, we found that Beclin 1 deficiency causes mislocalization of integrins via a defect of recycling endosome, abnormal cell detachment of basal cells and their immature differentiation, and abnormal skin development. These results provide the first genetic evidence showing the roles of Beclin 1 in recycling endosome and skin development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saori Noguchi
- Department of Pathological Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510 Japan
| | - Shinya Honda
- Department of Pathological Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510 Japan
| | - Tatsuya Saitoh
- Laboratory of Bioresponse Regulation, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan
- Division of Inflammation Biology, Institute for Enzyme Research, Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503 Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Matsumura
- Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510 Japan
| | - Emi Nishimura
- Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510 Japan
| | - Shizuo Akira
- Laboratory of Host Defense, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan
| | - Shigeomi Shimizu
- Department of Pathological Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510 Japan
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Fu NY, Pal B, Chen Y, Jackling FC, Milevskiy M, Vaillant F, Capaldo BD, Guo F, Liu KH, Rios AC, Lim N, Kueh AJ, Virshup DM, Herold MJ, Tucker HO, Smyth GK, Lindeman GJ, Visvader JE. Foxp1 Is Indispensable for Ductal Morphogenesis and Controls the Exit of Mammary Stem Cells from Quiescence. Dev Cell 2018; 47:629-644.e8. [PMID: 30523786 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Long-lived quiescent mammary stem cells (MaSCs) are presumed to coordinate the dramatic expansion of ductal epithelium that occurs through the different phases of postnatal development, but little is known about the molecular regulators that underpin their activation. We show that ablation of the transcription factor Foxp1 in the mammary gland profoundly impairs ductal morphogenesis, resulting in a rudimentary tree throughout life. Foxp1-deficient glands were highly enriched for quiescent Tspan8hi MaSCs, which failed to become activated even in competitive transplantation assays, thus highlighting a cell-intrinsic defect. Foxp1 deletion also resulted in aberrant expression of basal genes in luminal cells, inferring a role in cell-fate decisions. Notably, Foxp1 was uncovered as a direct repressor of Tspan8 in basal cells, and deletion of Tspan8 rescued the defects in ductal morphogenesis elicited by Foxp1 loss. Thus, a single transcriptional regulator Foxp1 can control the exit of MaSCs from dormancy to orchestrate differentiation and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nai Yang Fu
- Stem Cells and Cancer Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore.
| | - Bhupinder Pal
- Stem Cells and Cancer Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Yunshun Chen
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; Bioinformatics Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Felicity C Jackling
- Stem Cells and Cancer Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Michael Milevskiy
- Stem Cells and Cancer Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - François Vaillant
- Stem Cells and Cancer Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Bianca D Capaldo
- Stem Cells and Cancer Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Fusheng Guo
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Kevin H Liu
- Stem Cells and Cancer Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Anne C Rios
- Stem Cells and Cancer Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; Prinses Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Hubrecht Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, Utrecht 3584 CT, the Netherlands
| | - Nicholas Lim
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Andrew J Kueh
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; Division of Molecular Genetics of Cancer Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - David M Virshup
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Marco J Herold
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; Division of Molecular Genetics of Cancer Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Haley O Tucker
- Molecular Biosciences and Institute for Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Gordon K Smyth
- Bioinformatics Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Geoffrey J Lindeman
- Stem Cells and Cancer Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; The Royal Melbourne Hospital and Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia; Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Jane E Visvader
- Stem Cells and Cancer Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.
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Weingarten G, Ben Yaakov A, Dror E, Russ J, Magin TM, Kahn CR, Wertheimer E. Insulin receptor plays a central role in skin carcinogenesis by regulating cytoskeleton assembly. FASEB J 2018; 33:2241-2251. [PMID: 30332298 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201800847r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus prevalence is increasing rapidly and is a major cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. In addition to the known severe complications associated with the disease, in recent years diabetes has been recognized as a major risk factor for cancer. Patients with diabetes experience significantly higher incidence of and higher mortality rates from many types of cancer. However, to date there are no conclusive data on the pathophysiology underlying the association between these two diseases. We previously reported that insulin regulates skin proliferation and differentiation, while IGF1 had different sometimes contrasting effects to those of insulin, suggesting direct involvement of insulin in transformation. To this end, we developed an epidermal skin-specific insulin receptor knockout (SIRKO) mouse, in which the insulin receptor (IR) is inactivated only in skin, with no other metabolic consequences. We found that IR inactivation by itself resulted in a marked decrease in skin tumorigenesis. In the control group 100% of the mice developed tumors, but in the SIRKO group tumor incidence was over 60% lower, and 25% of the SIRKO mice did not develop tumors at all, and the tumors that did develop were smaller and benign in their appearance. Furthermore, IR inactivation in vitro not only prevented cell transformation but also reversed the keratinocyte-transformed phenotype. We found that IR inactivation led to a striking abnormality in the major keratin cytoskeleton filaments structure in both in vivo and in vitro, a change that we were able to link to the decreased transformation potential in IR-null cells. In summary, we identified a unique pathway in which IR regulates cytoskeletal assembly, thus affecting skin transformation, opening a new potential target for cancer treatment and prevention.-Weingarten, G., Ben Yaakov, A., Dror, E., Russ, J., Magin, T. M., Kahn, C. R., Wertheimer, E. Insulin receptor plays a central role in skin carcinogenesis by regulating cytoskeleton assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina Weingarten
- Department of Pathology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Aya Ben Yaakov
- Department of Pathology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Erez Dror
- Department of Pathology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Jenny Russ
- Department of Pathology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Thomas M Magin
- Institute of Biology and Sächsischer Inkubator für Klinische Translation (SIKT), University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; and
| | - C Ronald Kahn
- Joslin Diabetes Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Efrat Wertheimer
- Department of Pathology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Takaishi M, Satoh T, Akira S, Sano S. Regnase-1, an Immunomodulator, Limits the IL-36/IL-36R Autostimulatory Loop in Keratinocytes to Suppress Skin Inflammation. J Invest Dermatol 2018; 138:1439-1442. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2017.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 12/25/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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40
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Negative Evidence of Direct Differentiation from Bone-Marrow Cells to Keratinocytes in Normal and Wounded Skin Using Keratin 5-Specific Reporter Mice. J Invest Dermatol 2018; 138:1228-1231. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2017.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Mori H, Cardiff RD, Borowsky AD. Aging Mouse Models Reveal Complex Tumor-Microenvironment Interactions in Cancer Progression. Front Cell Dev Biol 2018; 6:35. [PMID: 29651417 PMCID: PMC5884881 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2018.00035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mouse models and genetically engineered mouse models (GEMM) are essential experimental tools for the understanding molecular mechanisms within complex biological systems. GEMM are especially useful for inferencing phenocopy information to genetic human diseases such as breast cancer. Human breast cancer modeling in mice most commonly employs mammary epithelial-specific promoters to investigate gene function(s) and, in particular, putative oncogenes. Models are specifically useful in the mammary epithelial cell in the context of the complete mammary gland environment. Gene targeted knockout mice including conditional targeting to specific mammary cells can reveal developmental defects in mammary organogenesis and demonstrate the importance of putative tumor suppressor genes. Some of these models demonstrate a non-traditional type of tumor suppression which involves interplay between the tumor susceptible cell and its host/environment. These GEMM help to reveal the processes of cancer progression beyond those intrinsic to cancer cells. Furthermore, the, analysis of mouse models requires appropriate consideration of mouse strain, background, and environmental factors. In this review, we compare aging-related factors in mouse models for breast cancer. We introduce databases of GEMM attributes and colony functional variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidetoshi Mori
- Center for Comparative Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Robert D Cardiff
- Center for Comparative Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Alexander D Borowsky
- Center for Comparative Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
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Ueta M, Hamuro J, Nishigaki H, Nakamura N, Shinomiya K, Mizushima K, Hitomi Y, Tamagawa-Mineoka R, Yokoi N, Naito Y, Tokunaga K, Katoh N, Sotozono C, Kinoshita S. Mucocutaneous inflammation in the Ikaros Family Zinc Finger 1-keratin 5-specific transgenic mice. Allergy 2018; 73:395-404. [PMID: 28914974 DOI: 10.1111/all.13308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our genomewide association study documented an association between cold medicine-related Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis (CM-SJS/TEN) and Ikaros Family Zinc Finger 1 (IKZF1). Few studies examined biological and pathological functions of IKZF1 in mucosal immunity. We hypothesized that IKZF1 contributes to the mucocutaneous inflammation. METHODS Human skin and conjunctival tissues were obtained for immunohistological studies. Primary human conjunctival epithelial cells (PHCjECs) and adult human epidermal keratinocytes (HEKa) also used for gene expression analysis. We also generated K5-Ikzf1-EGFP transgenic mice (Ikzf1 Tg) by introducing the Ik1 isoform into cells expressing keratin 5, which is expressed in epithelial tissues such as the epidermis and conjunctiva, and then examined them histologically and investigated gene expression of the epidermis. Moreover, Ikzf1 Tg were induced allergic contact dermatitis. RESULTS We found that human epidermis and conjunctival epithelium expressed IKZF1, and in PHCjECs and HEKa, the expression of IKZF1 mRNA was upregulated by stimulation with polyI:C, a TLR3 ligand. In Ikzf1 Tg, we observed dermatitis and mucosal inflammation including the ocular surface. In contact dermatitis model, inflammatory infiltrates in the skin of Ikzf1 Tg were significantly increased compared with wild type. Microarray analysis showed that Lcn2, Adh7, Epgn, Ifi202b, Cdo1, Gpr37, Duoxa1, Tnfrsf4, and Enpp5 genes were significantly upregulated in the epidermis of Ikzf1 Tg compared with wild type. CONCLUSION Our findings support the hypothesis that Ikaros might participate in mucocutaneous inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Ueta
- Department of Frontier Medical Science and Technology for Ophthalmology; Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine; Kyoto Japan
| | - J. Hamuro
- Department of Ophthalmology; Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine; Kyoto Japan
| | - H. Nishigaki
- Department of Frontier Medical Science and Technology for Ophthalmology; Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine; Kyoto Japan
| | - N. Nakamura
- Department of Dermatology; Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine; Kyoto Japan
| | - K. Shinomiya
- Department of Ophthalmology; Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine; Kyoto Japan
| | - K. Mizushima
- Department of Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine; Kyoto Japan
| | - Y. Hitomi
- Department of Human Genetics; Graduate School of Medicine; University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - R. Tamagawa-Mineoka
- Department of Dermatology; Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine; Kyoto Japan
| | - N. Yokoi
- Department of Ophthalmology; Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine; Kyoto Japan
| | - Y. Naito
- Department of Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine; Kyoto Japan
| | - K. Tokunaga
- Department of Human Genetics; Graduate School of Medicine; University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - N. Katoh
- Department of Dermatology; Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine; Kyoto Japan
| | - C. Sotozono
- Department of Ophthalmology; Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine; Kyoto Japan
| | - S. Kinoshita
- Department of Frontier Medical Science and Technology for Ophthalmology; Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine; Kyoto Japan
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43
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A critical epithelial survival axis regulated by MCL-1 maintains thymic function in mice. Blood 2017; 130:2504-2515. [PMID: 28972012 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2017-03-771576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
T-cell differentiation is governed by interactions with thymic epithelial cells (TECs) and defects in this process undermine immune function and tolerance. To uncover new strategies to restore thymic function and adaptive immunity in immunodeficiency, we sought to determine the molecular mechanisms that control life and death decisions in TECs. Guided by gene expression profiling, we created mouse models that specifically deleted prosurvival genes in TECs. We found that although BCL-2 and BCL-XL were dispensable for TEC homeostasis, MCL-1 deficiency impacted on TECs as early as embryonic day 15.5, resulting in early thymic atrophy and T-cell lymphopenia, with near complete loss of thymic tissue by 2 months of age. MCL-1 was not necessary for TEC differentiation but was continually required for the survival of mature cortical and medullary TECs and the maintenance of thymic architecture. A screen of TEC trophic factors in organ cultures showed that epidermal growth factor upregulated MCL-1 via MAPK/ERK kinase activity, providing a molecular mechanism for the support of TEC survival. This signaling axis governing TEC survival and thymic function represents a new target for strategies for thymic protection and regeneration.
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44
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Suzuki T, Yamamoto M. Stress-sensing mechanisms and the physiological roles of the Keap1-Nrf2 system during cellular stress. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:16817-16824. [PMID: 28842501 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.r117.800169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 285] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription factor Nrf2 (NF-E2-related factor 2) is a master regulator of cellular responses against environmental stresses. Nrf2 induces the expression of detoxification and antioxidant enzymes and suppresses the induction of pro-inflammatory cytokine genes. Keap1 (Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1) is an adaptor subunit of Cullin 3-based E3 ubiquitin ligase. Keap1 regulates the activity of Nrf2 and acts as a sensor for oxidative and electrophilic stresses. In this review, we discuss the molecular mechanisms by which the Keap1-Nrf2 system senses and regulates the cellular response to environmental stresses. In particular, we focus on the multiple stress-sensing mechanisms of Keap1 and novel regulatory functions of Nrf2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takafumi Suzuki
- From the Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Masayuki Yamamoto
- From the Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
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45
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Asano M, Yamasaki K, Yamauchi T, Terui T, Aiba S. Epidermal iron metabolism for iron salvage. J Dermatol Sci 2017; 87:101-109. [PMID: 28450059 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The epidermis shows a reverse iron gradient from the basal layer to the stratum corneum and consequently, little epidermal intracellular iron is lost by desquamation. OBJECTIVE To clarify the underlying mechanism of iron salvage. METHODS We first used immunohistochemistry and mRNA quantification to demonstrate the distinctive expression pattern of iron metabolism molecules. The obtained results were confirmed using normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEKs) during in vitro differentiation. We next examined the effects of reducing ferroportin expression in vitro by ferroportin-specific siRNAs or hepcidin on the intracellular iron content of cultured NHEKs. Finally, we compared epidermal and systemic iron metabolism between FpnEpi-KO mice and control mice. RESULTS The results of both mRNA and protein expression analysis showed that most molecules participating in iron import and storage were expressed in the lower epidermis, while those involved in iron release from heme or iron transport were expressed in the upper epidermis. Consistent with their expression, keratinocyte differentiation reduced intracellular iron content. We next demonstrated that reducing ferroportin expression in vitro by ferroportin-specific siRNAs or hepcidin significantly increased the intracellular iron content. Finally, we showed that the iron content of the epidermis and squames was significantly greater in FpnEpi-KO mice than in control mice, and that FpnEpi-KO exhibited a more rapid decrease in blood hemoglobin concentration than control mice on a low iron diet. CONCLUSION These studies demonstrated that the epidermis is equipped with a machinery by which intracellular iron in differentiated keratinocytes is excreted to the extracellular space before reaching the stratum corneum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Asano
- Department of Dermatology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
| | - Kenshi Yamasaki
- Department of Dermatology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
| | - Takashi Yamauchi
- Department of Dermatology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
| | - Tadashi Terui
- Department of Dermatology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
| | - Setsuya Aiba
- Department of Dermatology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
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46
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Suzuki T, Seki S, Hiramoto K, Naganuma E, Kobayashi EH, Yamaoka A, Baird L, Takahashi N, Sato H, Yamamoto M. Hyperactivation of Nrf2 in early tubular development induces nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14577. [PMID: 28233855 PMCID: PMC5333130 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
NF-E2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) regulates cellular responses to oxidative and electrophilic stress. Loss of Keap1 increases Nrf2 protein levels, and Keap1-null mice die of oesophageal hyperkeratosis because of Nrf2 hyperactivation. Here we show that deletion of oesophageal Nrf2 in Keap1-null mice allows survival until adulthood, but the animals develop polyuria with low osmolality and bilateral hydronephrosis. This phenotype is caused by defects in water reabsorption that are the result of reduced aquaporin 2 levels in the kidney. Renal tubular deletion of Keap1 promotes nephrogenic diabetes insipidus features, confirming that Nrf2 activation in developing tubular cells causes a water reabsorption defect. These findings suggest that Nrf2 activity should be tightly controlled during development in order to maintain renal homeostasis. In addition, tissue-specific ablation of Nrf2 in Keap1-null mice might create useful animal models to uncover novel physiological functions of Nrf2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takafumi Suzuki
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Shiori Seki
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Keiichiro Hiramoto
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Eriko Naganuma
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Eri H Kobayashi
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Ayaka Yamaoka
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Liam Baird
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Takahashi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Sato
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Masayuki Yamamoto
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan.,Tohoku Medical-Megabank Organization, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
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47
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Danno S, Kubouchi K, Mehruba M, Abe M, Natsume R, Sakimura K, Eguchi S, Oka M, Hirashima M, Yasuda H, Mukai H. PKN2 is essential for mouse embryonic development and proliferation of mouse fibroblasts. Genes Cells 2017; 22:220-236. [PMID: 28102564 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PKN2, a member of the protein kinase N (PKN) family, has been suggested by in vitro culture cell experiments to bind to Rho/Rac GTPases and contributes to cell-cell contact and cell migration. To unravel the in vivo physiological function of PKN2, we targeted the PKN2 gene. Constitutive disruption of the mouse PKN2 gene resulted in growth retardation and lethality before embryonic day (E) 10.5. PKN2-/- embryo did not undergo axial turning and showed insufficient closure of the neural tube. Mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) derived from PKN2-/- embryos at E9.5 failed to grow. Cre-mediated ablation of PKN2 in PKN2flox/flox MEFs obtained from E14.5 embryos showed impaired cell proliferation, and cell cycle analysis of these MEFs showed a decrease in S-phase population. Our results show that PKN2 is essential for mouse embryonic development and cell-autonomous proliferation of primary MEFs in culture. Comparison of the PKN2-/- phenotype with the phenotypes of PKN1 and PKN3 knockout strains suggests that PKN2 has distinct nonredundant functions in vivo, despite the structural similarity and evolutionary relationship among the three isoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally Danno
- Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Koji Kubouchi
- Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Mona Mehruba
- Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Manabu Abe
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, 951-8585, Japan
| | - Rie Natsume
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, 951-8585, Japan
| | - Kenji Sakimura
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, 951-8585, Japan
| | - Satoshi Eguchi
- Department of Medical Biology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, 010-8543, Japan
| | - Masahiro Oka
- Division of Dermatology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 1-12-1 Fukumuro, Miyagino-ku, Sendai, 983-8512, Japan
| | | | - Hiroki Yasuda
- Education and Research Support Center, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Mukai
- Biosignal Research Center, Kobe University, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
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48
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Hidaka T, Ogawa E, Kobayashi EH, Suzuki T, Funayama R, Nagashima T, Fujimura T, Aiba S, Nakayama K, Okuyama R, Yamamoto M. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor AhR links atopic dermatitis and air pollution via induction of the neurotrophic factor artemin. Nat Immunol 2016; 18:64-73. [PMID: 27869817 DOI: 10.1038/ni.3614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis is increasing worldwide in correlation with air pollution. Various organic components of pollutants activate the transcription factor AhR (aryl hydrocarbon receptor). Through the use of AhR-CA mice, whose keratinocytes express constitutively active AhR and that develop atopic-dermatitis-like phenotypes, we identified Artn as a keratinocyte-specific AhR target gene whose product (the neurotrophic factor artemin) was responsible for epidermal hyper-innervation that led to hypersensitivity to pruritus. The activation of AhR via air pollutants induced expression of artemin, alloknesis, epidermal hyper-innervation and inflammation. AhR activation and ARTN expression were positively correlated in the epidermis of patients with atopic dermatitis. Thus, AhR in keratinocytes senses environmental stimuli and elicits an atopic-dermatitis pathology. We propose a mechanism of air-pollution-induced atopic dermatitis via activation of AhR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Hidaka
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Dermatology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Eisaku Ogawa
- Department of Dermatology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Eri H Kobayashi
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takafumi Suzuki
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ryo Funayama
- Division of Cell Proliferation, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nagashima
- Division of Cell Proliferation, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Taku Fujimura
- Department of Dermatology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Setsuya Aiba
- Department of Dermatology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Keiko Nakayama
- Division of Cell Proliferation, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ryuhei Okuyama
- Department of Dermatology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Masayuki Yamamoto
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.,Tohoku Medical-Megabank Organization, Sendai, Japan
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49
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Varki A. Biological roles of glycans. Glycobiology 2016; 27:3-49. [PMID: 27558841 PMCID: PMC5884436 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cww086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1468] [Impact Index Per Article: 183.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple and complex carbohydrates (glycans) have long been known to play major metabolic, structural and physical roles in biological systems. Targeted microbial binding to host glycans has also been studied for decades. But such biological roles can only explain some of the remarkable complexity and organismal diversity of glycans in nature. Reviewing the subject about two decades ago, one could find very few clear-cut instances of glycan-recognition-specific biological roles of glycans that were of intrinsic value to the organism expressing them. In striking contrast there is now a profusion of examples, such that this updated review cannot be comprehensive. Instead, a historical overview is presented, broad principles outlined and a few examples cited, representing diverse types of roles, mediated by various glycan classes, in different evolutionary lineages. What remains unchanged is the fact that while all theories regarding biological roles of glycans are supported by compelling evidence, exceptions to each can be found. In retrospect, this is not surprising. Complex and diverse glycans appear to be ubiquitous to all cells in nature, and essential to all life forms. Thus, >3 billion years of evolution consistently generated organisms that use these molecules for many key biological roles, even while sometimes coopting them for minor functions. In this respect, glycans are no different from other major macromolecular building blocks of life (nucleic acids, proteins and lipids), simply more rapidly evolving and complex. It is time for the diverse functional roles of glycans to be fully incorporated into the mainstream of biological sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajit Varki
- Departments of Medicine and Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0687, USA
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50
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Raguz J, Jeric I, Niault T, Nowacka JD, Kuzet SE, Rupp C, Fischer I, Biggi S, Borsello T, Baccarini M. Epidermal RAF prevents allergic skin disease. eLife 2016; 5. [PMID: 27431613 PMCID: PMC4951198 DOI: 10.7554/elife.14012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The RAS pathway is central to epidermal homeostasis, and its activation in tumors or in Rasopathies correlates with hyperproliferation. Downstream of RAS, RAF kinases are actionable targets regulating keratinocyte turnover; however, chemical RAF inhibitors paradoxically activate the pathway, promoting epidermal proliferation. We generated mice with compound epidermis-restricted BRAF/RAF1 ablation. In these animals, transient barrier defects and production of chemokines and Th2-type cytokines by keratinocytes cause a disease akin to human atopic dermatitis, characterized by IgE responses and local and systemic inflammation. Mechanistically, BRAF and RAF1 operate independently to balance MAPK signaling: BRAF promotes ERK activation, while RAF1 dims stress kinase activation. In vivo, JNK inhibition prevents disease onset, while MEK/ERK inhibition in mice lacking epidermal RAF1 phenocopies it. These results support a primary role of keratinocytes in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis, and the animals lacking BRAF and RAF1 in the epidermis represent a useful model for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josipa Raguz
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ines Jeric
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Theodora Niault
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Joanna Daniela Nowacka
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sanya Eduarda Kuzet
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Rupp
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Irmgard Fischer
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Silvia Biggi
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto Di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milano, Italy.,Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Tiziana Borsello
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto Di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milano, Italy.,Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Manuela Baccarini
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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