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Zhao W, Huang R, Ran D, Zhang Y, Qu Z, Zheng S. Inhibiting HSD17B8 suppresses the cell proliferation caused by PTEN failure. Sci Rep 2024; 14:12280. [PMID: 38811827 PMCID: PMC11137105 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63052-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Loss of the tumor suppressor PTEN homolog daf-18 in Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) triggers diapause cell division during L1 arrest. While prior studies have delved into established pathways, our investigation takes an innovative route. Through forward genetic screening in C. elegans, we pinpoint a new player, F12E12.11, regulated by daf-18, impacting cell proliferation independently of PTEN's typical phosphatase activity. F12E12.11 is an ortholog of human estradiol 17-beta-dehydrogenase 8 (HSD17B8), which converts estradiol to estrone through its NAD-dependent 17-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity. We found that PTEN engages in a physical interplay with HSD17B8, introducing a distinctive suppression mechanism. The reduction in estrone levels and accumulation of estradiol may arrest tumor cells in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle through MAPK/ERK. Our study illuminates an unconventional protein interplay, providing insights into how PTEN modulates tumor suppression by restraining cell division through intricate molecular interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan Province, China
- Laboratory of Cell Signal Transduction, Henan Provincial Engineering Centre for Tumor Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan Province, China
| | - Ruiting Huang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan Province, China
| | - Dongyang Ran
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan Province, China
| | - Yutong Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan Province, China
| | - Zhi Qu
- School of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan Province, China.
| | - Shanqing Zheng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan Province, China.
- Laboratory of Cell Signal Transduction, Henan Provincial Engineering Centre for Tumor Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan Province, China.
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2
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Molinaro G, Bowles JE, Croom K, Gonzalez D, Mirjafary S, Birnbaum SG, Razak KA, Gibson JR, Huber KM. Female-specific dysfunction of sensory neocortical circuits in a mouse model of autism mediated by mGluR5 and estrogen receptor α. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114056. [PMID: 38581678 PMCID: PMC11112681 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Little is known of the brain mechanisms that mediate sex-specific autism symptoms. Here, we demonstrate that deletion of the autism spectrum disorder (ASD)-risk gene, Pten, in neocortical pyramidal neurons (NSEPten knockout [KO]) results in robust cortical circuit hyperexcitability selectively in female mice observed as prolonged spontaneous persistent activity states. Circuit hyperexcitability in females is mediated by metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) and estrogen receptor α (ERα) signaling to mitogen-activated protein kinases (Erk1/2) and de novo protein synthesis. Pten KO layer 5 neurons have a female-specific increase in mGluR5 and mGluR5-dependent protein synthesis. Furthermore, mGluR5-ERα complexes are generally elevated in female cortices, and genetic reduction of ERα rescues enhanced circuit excitability, protein synthesis, and neuron size selectively in NSEPten KO females. Female NSEPten KO mice display deficits in sensory processing and social behaviors as well as mGluR5-dependent seizures. These results reveal mechanisms by which sex and a high-confidence ASD-risk gene interact to affect brain function and behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Molinaro
- Department of Neuroscience, O'Donnell Brain Institute, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jacob E Bowles
- Department of Neuroscience, O'Donnell Brain Institute, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Katilynne Croom
- Graduate Neuroscience Program, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Darya Gonzalez
- Department of Neuroscience, O'Donnell Brain Institute, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Saba Mirjafary
- Department of Neuroscience, O'Donnell Brain Institute, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Shari G Birnbaum
- Department of Psychiatry, O'Donnell Brain Institute, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Khaleel A Razak
- Graduate Neuroscience Program, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA; Department of Psychology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Jay R Gibson
- Department of Neuroscience, O'Donnell Brain Institute, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Kimberly M Huber
- Department of Neuroscience, O'Donnell Brain Institute, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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3
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Man A, Di Scipio M, Grewal S, Suk Y, Trinari E, Ejaz R, Whitney R. The Genetics of Tuberous Sclerosis Complex and Related mTORopathies: Current Understanding and Future Directions. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:332. [PMID: 38540392 PMCID: PMC10970281 DOI: 10.3390/genes15030332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway serves as a master regulator of cell growth, proliferation, and survival. Upregulation of the mTOR pathway has been shown to cause malformations of cortical development, medically refractory epilepsies, and neurodevelopmental disorders, collectively described as mTORopathies. Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) serves as the prototypical mTORopathy. Characterized by the development of benign tumors in multiple organs, pathogenic variants in TSC1 or TSC2 disrupt the TSC protein complex, a negative regulator of the mTOR pathway. Variants in critical domains of the TSC complex, especially in the catalytic TSC2 subunit, correlate with increased disease severity. Variants in less crucial exons and non-coding regions, as well as those undetectable with conventional testing, may lead to milder phenotypes. Despite the assumption of complete penetrance, expressivity varies within families, and certain variants delay disease onset with milder neurological effects. Understanding these genotype-phenotype correlations is crucial for effective clinical management. Notably, 15% of patients have no mutation identified by conventional genetic testing, with the majority of cases postulated to be caused by somatic TSC1/TSC2 variants which present complex diagnostic challenges. Advancements in genetic testing, prenatal screening, and precision medicine hold promise for changing the diagnostic and treatment paradigm for TSC and related mTORopathies. Herein, we explore the genetic and molecular mechanisms of TSC and other mTORopathies, emphasizing contemporary genetic methods in understanding and diagnosing the condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Man
- Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Matteo Di Scipio
- Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Shan Grewal
- Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Yujin Suk
- Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Elisabetta Trinari
- Division of Developmental Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, McMaster Children’s Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Resham Ejaz
- Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Robyn Whitney
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
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4
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Molinaro G, Bowles JE, Croom K, Gonzalez D, Mirjafary S, Birnbaum S, Razak KA, Gibson JR, Huber KM. Female specific dysfunction of sensory neocortical circuits in a mouse model of autism mediated by mGluR5 and Estrogen Receptor α. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.08.10.552857. [PMID: 37609208 PMCID: PMC10441407 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.10.552857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Autism manifests differently in males and females and the brain mechanisms that mediate these sex-dependent differences are unknown. Here, we demonstrate that deletion of the ASD-risk gene, Pten, in neocortical pyramidal neurons (NSE Pten KO) results in robust hyperexcitability of local neocortical circuits in female, but not male, mice, observed as prolonged, spontaneous persistent activity states (UP states). Circuit hyperexcitability in NSE Pten KO mice is mediated by enhanced and/or altered signaling of metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) and estrogen receptor α (ERα) to ERK and protein synthesis selectively in Pten deleted female neurons. In support of this idea, Pten deleted Layer 5 cortical neurons have female-specific increases in mGluR5 and mGluR5-driven protein synthesis. In addition, mGluR5-ERα complexes are elevated in female cortex and genetic reduction of ERα in Pten KO cortical neurons rescues circuit excitability, protein synthesis and enlarged neurons selectively in females. Abnormal timing and hyperexcitability of neocortical circuits in female NSE Pten KO mice are associated with deficits in temporal processing of sensory stimuli and social behaviors as well as mGluR5-dependent seizures. Female-specific cortical hyperexcitability and mGluR5-dependent seizures are also observed in a human disease relevant mouse model, germline Pten +/- mice. Our results reveal molecular mechanisms by which sex and a high impact ASD-risk gene interact to affect brain function and behavior.
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Ahmad H, Ali A, Ali R, Khalil AT, Khan I, Khan MM, Alorini M. Mutational Landscape and In-Silico Analysis of TP53, PIK3CA, and PTEN in Patients with Breast Cancer from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:43318-43331. [PMID: 38024667 PMCID: PMC10652387 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c07472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report the mutational spectrum of three breast cancer candidate genes (TP53, PIK3CA, and PTEN) using WES for identifying potential biomarkers. The WES data were thoroughly analyzed using SAMtools for variant calling and identification of the mutations. Various bioinformatic tools (SIFT, PolyPhen-2, Mutation Taster, ISPRED-SEQ, SAAFEQ-SEQ, ConSurf, PROCHECK etc.) were used to determine the pathogenicity and nature of the SNVs. Selected interaction site (IS) mutations were visualized in PyMOL after building 3D structures in Swiss-Model. Ramachandran plots were generated by using the PROCHECK server. The selected IS mutations were subjected to molecular dynamic simulation (MDS) studies using Gromacs 4.5. STRING and GeneMANIA were used for the prediction of gene-gene interactions and pathways. Our results revealed that the luminal A molecular subtype of the breast cancer was most common, whereas a high percentage of was Her2 negatives. Moreover, the somatic mutations were more common as compared to the germline mutations in TP53, PIK3CA, and PTEN. 20% of the identified mutations are reported for the first time from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. In the enrolled cohort, 23 mutations were nonsynonymous SNVs. The frequency of mutations was the highest in PIK3CA, followed by TP53 and PTEN. A total of 13 mutations were found to be highly pathogenic. Four novel mutations were identified on PIK3CA and one each on PTEN and TP53. SAAFEQ-SEQ predicted the destabilizing effect for all mutations. ISPRED-SEQ predicted 9 IS mutations (6 on TP53 and 3 on PIK3CA), whereas no IS mutation was predicted on PTEN. The TP53 IS mutations were TP53R43H, TP53Y73X, TP53K93Q, TP53K93R, TP53D149E, and TP53Q199X; whereas for PIK3CA, the IS mutations were PIK3CAL156V, PIK3CAM610K, and PIK3CAH1047R. Analysis from the ConSurf Web server revealed five SNVs with a highly conserved status (conservation score 9) across TP53 and PTEN. TP53P33R was found predominant in the grade 3 tumors, whereas PTENp.C65S was distributed on ER+, ER-, PR+, PR-, Her2+, and Her2- patients. TP53p.P33R mutation was found to be recurring in the 14/19 (73.6%) patients and, therefore, can be considered as a potential biomarker. Finally, these mutations were studied in the context of their potential association with different hormonal and social factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilal Ahmad
- Institute
of Basic Medical Sciences Khyber Medical University, Khyber Medical University, Phase V, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan
| | - Asif Ali
- Institute
of Basic Medical Sciences Khyber Medical University, Khyber Medical University, Phase V, Peshawar, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan
- College
of Medicine, Gulf Medical University, Ajman 4184, United Arab Emirates
- School
of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, U.K.
| | - Roshan Ali
- Institute
of Basic Medical Sciences Khyber Medical University, Khyber Medical University, Phase V, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan
| | - Ali Talha Khalil
- Department
of Pathology, Lady Reading Hospital Medical
Teaching Institution (LRH-MTI), Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 25000, Pakistan
| | - Ishaq Khan
- Institute
of Basic Medical Sciences Khyber Medical University, Khyber Medical University, Phase V, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan
| | - Mah Muneer Khan
- General Surgery, Khyber Teaching Hospital Medical Teaching Institute, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan
| | - Mohammed Alorini
- Department
of Basic Medical Sciences, Unaizah College of Medicine and Medical
Sciences, Qassim University, Unaizah, 56219, Saudi Arabia
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6
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Al-Toubat M, Serrano S, Elshafei A, Koul K, Feibus AH, Balaji KC. Metastatic prostate cancer is associated with distinct higher frequency of genetic mutations at diagnosis. Urol Oncol 2023; 41:455.e7-455.e15. [PMID: 37838503 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2023.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES We explored characteristic genetic mutations associated with metastatic prostate cancer (PCa) by comparing next generation sequencing (NGS) data between men with or without metastatic disease at diagnosis. METHODS We queried the American Association for Cancer Research Project Genomics Evidence Neoplasia Information Exchange (GENIE) registry for men diagnosed with PCa. Patients were categorized into with (M1) or without metastatic disease (M0) groups. The difference in the frequency of genetic mutations between the two groups and the prognostic significance of the mutations were analyzed using SPSS V28. We included frequency rate of > 5% and P values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant to maintain over 95% true positive detection rate. RESULTS Of a total of 10,580 patients with diagnosis of PCa in the dataset, we selected a study cohort of 1268 patients without missing data; 700 (55.2%) had nonmetastatic PCa, 421 (33.2%) and 147 (11.6%) patients had metastatic castration sensitive and resistant PCa respectively. The median age at diagnosis and serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) level for the entire cohort was 62.8 years (IQR 56.3-68.4) and 8.0 ng/ml (IQR 4.9-20.9) respectively. A vast majority of the cohort were of Caucasian ancestry (89.1%). Of a total of 561 genes sequenced, there were mutations in 79 genes (14.1%). The mutation frequency was significantly higher in M1PCa compared to M0PCa, 35.7% and 23.3%, respectively (P = <0.001). The median tumor mutational burden was also significantly higher in the samples from M1PCa (2.59 mut/MB) compared to M0PCa (1.96 mut/MB) (P < 0.001). Compared to M0PCa patients, M1PCa patients demonstrated significantly higher rate of genetic mutations; TP53 (38.73% vs. 17.71% P < 0.001), PTEN (25.70% vs. 11.71% P < 0.001), AR (17.25% vs. 1.43% P < 0.001), APC (11.8% vs. 4.43% P < 0.001), TMPRSS2 (31.5% vs. 11.14% P < 0.001), ERG (23.59% vs. 13.13% P < 0.001), FOXA1 (17.43% vs. 6.33% P < 0.001), MYC (8.45% vs. 2.29% P < 0.001), RB1 (10.39% vs. 2.43% P < 0.001) and CDK12 (8.45% vs. 1.31% P < 0.001). Of the various cellular signaling pathways, the androgen receptor signaling pathway was most often impacted. In the cohort with M1 disease, compared to men without genetic mutations the men with genetic mutations demonstrated worse survival (P = <0.001, log rank test). Compared to castration sensitive M1 patients, AR (57% vs. 4% P < 0.001), TP53 (50.7% vs. 34% P < 0.001), PTEN (35.2% vs. 22.1% P < 0.001), RB1(23.9% vs. 4.75% P < 0.001) were significantly more frequently mutated in castration resistant M1 patients. In contrast, mutations of SPOP (13.3% vs. 7.9% P < 0.001), FOXA1 (17.6% vs. 5.3% P < 0.001) and CDK12 (12% vs. 6.45% P < 0.001) were significantly more frequently found in castration sensitive M1 patients compared to castration resistant patients. CONCLUSION Patients with M1PCa demonstrated characteristic genetic mutations compared to M0PCa, which most often influenced androgen receptor signaling and is associated with worse survival. In addition, we identified distinct genetic mutations between castration sensitive and resistant M1PCa. These findings may be used to further our understanding and management of men with PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Al-Toubat
- Department of Urology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Samuel Serrano
- Department of Urology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Ahmed Elshafei
- Department of Urology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Kashyap Koul
- Department of Urology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Allison H Feibus
- Department of Urology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL
| | - K C Balaji
- Department of Urology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL.
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Gu SH, Chen CH, Chang CH, Lin PL. Expression of tyrosine phosphatases in relation to PTTH-stimulated ecdysteroidogenesis in prothoracic glands of the silkworm, Bombyx mori. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2023; 331:114165. [PMID: 36368438 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2022.114165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphorylation is a reversible, dynamic process regulated by the activities of tyrosine kinases and tyrosine phosphatases. Although the involvement of tyrosine kinases in the prothoracicotropic hormone (PTTH)-stimulated ecdysteroidogenesis in insect prothoracic glands (PGs) has been documented, few studies have been conducted on the involvement of protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) in PTTH-stimulated ecdysteroidogenesis. In the present study, we investigated the correlation between PTPs and PTTH-stimulated ecdysteroidogenesis in Bombyx mori PGs. Our results showed that the basal PTP enzymatic activities exhibited development-specific changes during the last larval instar and pupation stage, with high activities being detected during the later stages of the last larval instar. PTP enzymatic activity was stimulated by PTTH treatment both in vitro and in vivo. Pretreatment with phenylarsine oxide (PAO) and benzylphosphonic acid (BPA), two chemical inhibitors of tyrosine phosphatase, reduced PTTH-stimulated enzymatic activity. Determination of ecdysteroid secretion showed that treatment with PAO and BPA did not affect basal ecdysteroid secretion, but greatly inhibited PTTH-stimulated ecdysteroid secretion, indicating that PTTH-stimulated PTP activity is indeed involved in ecdysteroid secretion. PTTH-stimulated phosphorylation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and 4E-binding protein (4E-BP) was partially inhibited by pretreatment with either PAO or BPA, indicating the potential link between PTPs and phosphorylation of ERK and 4E-BP. In addition, we also found that in vitro treatment with 20-hydroxyecdysone did not affect PTP enzymatic activity. We further investigated the expressions of two important PTPs (PTP 1B (PTP1B) and the phosphatase and tension homologue (PTEN)) in Bombyx PGs. Our immunoblotting analysis showed that B. mori PGs contained the proteins of PTP1B and PTEN, with PTP1B protein undergoing development-specific changes. Protein levels of PTP1B and PTEN were not affected by PTTH treatment. The gene expression levels of PTP1B and PTEN showed development-specific changes. From these results, we suggest that PTTH-regulated PTP signaling may crosstalk with ERK and target of rapamycin (TOR) signaling pathways and is a necessary component for stimulation of ecdysteroid secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Hong Gu
- Department of Biology, National Museum of Natural Science, 1 Kuan-Chien Road, Taichung 404, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Chien-Hung Chen
- Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, 89 Wen-Hwa 1st Road, Jen-Te Township, Tainan County 717, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chia-Hao Chang
- Department of Biology, National Museum of Natural Science, 1 Kuan-Chien Road, Taichung 404, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Pei-Ling Lin
- Department of Biology, National Museum of Natural Science, 1 Kuan-Chien Road, Taichung 404, Taiwan, ROC
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Wang L, Zhang X, Sheng J, Chen L, Zhi L, Zheng Q, Qi Y, Wang L, Zhang J, Zhao J, Wang Y, Liu SX, Sun MZ, Zhang W. RBM4 regulates cellular senescence via miR1244/SERPINE1 axis. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:27. [PMID: 36639375 PMCID: PMC9839707 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05563-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Cellular senescence serves as a powerful tumor suppressing mechanism that inhibits the proliferation of cancer cells bearing oncogenic mutations at the initial stage of cancer development. RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) play important roles in cancer progression and treatment through distinct functions. However, functions and mechanisms of RNA binding proteins in regulating senescence remain elusive. Here we reported that the RNA binding protein RBM4 contributed to cellular senescence. Depletion of RBM4 induced senescence in different types of cells, including multiple cancer cells. Meanwhile, RBM4 ablation inhibited cancer cell progression both in vitro and in vivo. Specifically, knockdown of RBM4 significantly increased the level of SERPINE1, a known promoter of senescence, thereby inducing the senescence of lung cancer cells. Mechanistically, miR-1244 bound to the 3'-UTR of SERPINE1 to suppress its expression, whereas depletion of RBM4 reduced the level of miR-1244 by promoting the degradation of primary miR-1244 transcripts (pri-miR1244), thus increasing the expression of SERPINE1 and inducing subsequent senescence. Moreover, either SERPINE1 inhibitor or miR-1244 mimics attenuated the RBM4 depletion-induced senescence. Altogether, our study revealed a novel mechanism of RBM4 in the regulation of cancer progression through controlling senescence, providing a new avenue for targeting RBM4 in cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luning Wang
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Xiaohong Zhang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Junxiu Sheng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Lili Zhi
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Qianqian Zheng
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Yangfan Qi
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Linlin Wang
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Jinrui Zhang
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Jinyao Zhao
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Shu-Xin Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116033, China.
| | - Ming-Zhong Sun
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China.
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China.
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Maheshwari M, Yadav N, Hasanain M, Pandey P, Sahai R, Choyal K, Singh A, Nengroo MA, Saini KK, Kumar D, Mitra K, Datta D, Sarkar J. Inhibition of p21 activates Akt kinase to trigger ROS-induced autophagy and impacts on tumor growth rate. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:1045. [PMID: 36522339 PMCID: PMC9755229 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05486-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Owing to its ability to induce cellular senescence, inhibit PCNA, and arrest cell division cycle by negatively regulating CDKs as well as being a primary target of p53, p21 is traditionally considered a tumor suppressor. Nonetheless, several reports in recent years demonstrated its pro-oncogenic activities such as apoptosis inhibition by cytosolic p21, stimulation of cell motility, and promoting assembly of cyclin D-CDK4/6 complex. These opposing effects of p21 on cell proliferation, supported by the observations of its inconsistent expression in human cancers, led to the emergence of the concept of "antagonistic duality" of p21 in cancer progression. Here we demonstrate that p21 negatively regulates basal autophagy at physiological concentration. Akt activation, upon p21 attenuation, driven ROS accumulation appears to be the major underlying mechanism in p21-mediated modulation of autophagy. We also find p21, as a physiological inhibitor of autophagy, to have oncogenic activity during early events of tumor development while its inhibition favors survival and growth of cancer cells in the established tumor. Our data, thereby, reveal the potential role of autophagy in antagonistic functional duality of p21 in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayank Maheshwari
- grid.418363.b0000 0004 0506 6543Cancer Biology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Nisha Yadav
- grid.418363.b0000 0004 0506 6543Cancer Biology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh India ,grid.469887.c0000 0004 7744 2771Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002 India
| | - Mohammad Hasanain
- grid.418363.b0000 0004 0506 6543Cancer Biology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh India ,grid.469887.c0000 0004 7744 2771Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002 India
| | - Praveen Pandey
- grid.418363.b0000 0004 0506 6543Cancer Biology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Rohit Sahai
- grid.418363.b0000 0004 0506 6543Electron Microscopy Unit, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Kuldeep Choyal
- grid.418363.b0000 0004 0506 6543Cancer Biology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Akhilesh Singh
- grid.418363.b0000 0004 0506 6543Cancer Biology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Mushtaq A. Nengroo
- grid.418363.b0000 0004 0506 6543Cancer Biology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Krishan K. Saini
- grid.418363.b0000 0004 0506 6543Cancer Biology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh India ,grid.469887.c0000 0004 7744 2771Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002 India
| | - Deepak Kumar
- grid.418363.b0000 0004 0506 6543Cancer Biology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh India ,grid.469887.c0000 0004 7744 2771Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002 India
| | - Kalyan Mitra
- grid.469887.c0000 0004 7744 2771Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002 India ,grid.418363.b0000 0004 0506 6543Electron Microscopy Unit, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Dipak Datta
- grid.418363.b0000 0004 0506 6543Cancer Biology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh India ,grid.469887.c0000 0004 7744 2771Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002 India
| | - Jayanta Sarkar
- grid.418363.b0000 0004 0506 6543Cancer Biology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh India ,grid.469887.c0000 0004 7744 2771Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002 India
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10
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Chomchoei C, Brimson JM, Brimson S. Repurposing fluoxetine to treat lymphocytic leukemia: Apoptosis induction, sigma-1 receptor upregulation, inhibition of IL-2 cytokine production, and autophagy induction. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2022; 26:1087-1097. [PMID: 36620917 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2022.2166829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood cancer has a cure rate of as low as 15% in low-income countries, suggesting a need for cheaper treatment options. Fluoxetine is a thoroughly safety-tested drug that may target the sigma-1 receptor (σ1-R). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Using the human leukemic cell line, Jurkat, we investigated the effects of fluoxetine on cell survival using XTT and trypan blue staining. Apoptosis was measured using AnnexinV/PI staining and western blot analysis of caspase cleavage. IL-2 secretion of Jurkat cells in response to PHA/PMA was measured using ELISA, and the expression of AKT/pAKT and the σ1-R were measured using western blotting. RESULTS Fluoxetine-induced apoptosis and G-2 cell cycle arrest. Fluoxetine reduced IL-2 secretion dose-dependently and could be further potentiated by σ1-R antagonist BD1047 (P < 0.05). Fluoxetine inhibited pAKT six hours post-treatment (P < 0.05). The expression of the σ1-R showed a significant increase between 12 to 48 hours in Jurkat cells (P < 0.05). At the same time, there was a substantial increase in autophagy. CONCLUSIONS Fluoxetine may have the potential for acute leukemia treatment. Co-treatment with a σ1-R antagonist increases fluoxetine-induced apoptosis, possibly targeting AKT phosphorylation and autophagy activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanichon Chomchoei
- Department of Clinical Microscopy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - James Michael Brimson
- Innovation and International Affair, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Natural Products for Neuroprotection and Anti-ageing Research Unit, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sirikalaya Brimson
- Department of Clinical Microscopy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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11
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Effects of dietary L-Proline and L-Alanine on growth performance, and flesh quality of common carp ( Cyprinus carpio) juveniles. ANNALS OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.2478/aoas-2022-0055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of amino acids L-Proline and LAlanine on growth performance, amino acid, and fatty acid levels in the fillet of juvenile common carp. 450 juvenile common carp were randomly distributed in 30 tanks and fed with three levels of proline (5 [P5], 10 [P10], and 15 [P15] g/kg), three levels of Alanine [A] (5 [A5], 10 [A10], and 15 [A15] g/kg), three levels of proline-alanine combination [PA] (2.5 + 2.5 [2.5PA], 5 + 5 [5PA], 7.5 + 7.5 [7.5PA] g/kg feed) and basal diet (control). The highest body weight gain (25.85 ± 0.1 g) and survival rate (91.11 ± 3.84) were observed in 7.5 PA treatment. The highest protein content (64.58 ± 0.49) was noticed in 2.5 PA; however, compared to combined treatments (5 PA and 2.5 PA), it did not show any significant difference (p<0.05). The highest total amount of essential amino acids (48.30 ± 48.3) were observed in 7.5 PA treatment. The highest amount of DHA (5.65 ± 0.08), total EPA, and DHA (8.91 ± 0.13) were in 7.5 PA treatment. Finally, it can be concluded that two amino acids of L-Proline and L-Alanine at the combined level of 5 PA can improve the growth performance, survival, and fillet composition in the juvenile common carp.
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12
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Li X, Bu F, Ma S, Cananzi F, Zhao Y, Xiao M, Min L, Luo C. The Janus-faced role of TRPM2-S in retroperitoneal liposarcoma via increasing ROS levels. Cell Commun Signal 2022; 20:128. [PMID: 36008839 PMCID: PMC9404563 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-022-00873-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retroperitoneal liposarcoma (RPLS) is a specific soft tissue sarcoma with a high recurrence rate. The short isoform of transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 2 (TRPM2-S) plays an important role in the regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, the association between TRPM2-S and RPLS and its underlying mechanisms remains unclear. METHODS The expression of both TRPM2-S and TRPM2-L in RPLS tissues was verified by kimmunohistochemistry (IHC). The regulation on Ca2+ influx by TRPM2-S was evaluated by Fluo-4 AM staining. The effect of TRPM2-S on cell proliferation and apoptosis was tested by 5-Ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) staining and Flow cytometry respectively. The level of cellular ROS was assessed by the DCFH-DA probe. Different concentrations of H2O2 were used to provide oxidative stress on RPLS cells. The underlying mechanisms were further explored by Western blotting. RESULTS The IHC assays showed that TRPM2-S, but not TRPM2-L, was prognostic in RPLS. Low TRPM2-S level was associated with poor disease-free survival (DFS). Calcium influx signal intensity was significantly decreased under TRPM2-S overexpression, which resulted in a decrease in the levels of FOXO3a and PTEN. Correspondingly, the levels of pERK, pAKT, pP65, pGSK-3β, Bcl-2, and β-catenin were upregulated, and cellular ROS was gently increased under TRPM2-S overexpression. Moreover, TRPM2-S slightly promoted cell proliferation and inhibited apoptosis of RPLS cell lines under normoxia, but largely increased apoptosis rates under oxidative stress. The cleaved caspase3 was significantly upregulated by TRPM2-S overexpression under oxidative stress. N-Acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), a small molecule antioxidant, could largely rescue RPLS cells from the apoptosis induced by H2O2. CONCLUSION TRPM2-S exerts Janus-faced effects in RPLS by increasing the ROS levels via inhibition on FOXO3a, which promotes cell proliferation under normoxia but induces apoptosis under oxidative stress. Video abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangji Li
- Department of Retroperitoneal Tumor Surgery, Peking University International Hospital, Peking University Eighth School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Beijing Digestive Disease Center, Beijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive Disease, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Fanqin Bu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Beijing Digestive Disease Center, Beijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive Disease, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Shixiang Ma
- Department of Retroperitoneal Tumor Surgery, Peking University International Hospital, Peking University Eighth School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China
| | - Ferdinando Cananzi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, 20089, Milan, Italy
| | - Yu Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Beijing Digestive Disease Center, Beijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive Disease, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengmeng Xiao
- Department of Retroperitoneal Tumor Surgery, Peking University International Hospital, Peking University Eighth School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China.
| | - Li Min
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Beijing Digestive Disease Center, Beijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive Disease, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chenghua Luo
- Department of Retroperitoneal Tumor Surgery, Peking University International Hospital, Peking University Eighth School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China.
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13
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Aboouf MA, Guscetti F, von Büren N, Armbruster J, Ademi H, Ruetten M, Meléndez-Rodríguez F, Rülicke T, Seymer A, Jacobs RA, Schneider Gasser EM, Aragones J, Neumann D, Gassmann M, Thiersch M. Erythropoietin receptor regulates tumor mitochondrial biogenesis through iNOS and pAKT. Front Oncol 2022; 12:976961. [PMID: 36052260 PMCID: PMC9425774 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.976961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Erythropoietin receptor (EPOR) is widely expressed in healthy and malignant tissues. In certain malignancies, EPOR stimulates tumor growth. In healthy tissues, EPOR controls processes other than erythropoiesis, including mitochondrial metabolism. We hypothesized that EPOR also controls the mitochondrial metabolism in cancer cells. To test this hypothesis, we generated EPOR-knockdown cancer cells to grow tumor xenografts in mice and analyzed tumor cellular respiration via high-resolution respirometry. Furthermore, we analyzed cellular respiratory control, mitochondrial content, and regulators of mitochondrial biogenesis in vivo and in vitro in different cancer cell lines. Our results show that EPOR controls tumor growth and mitochondrial biogenesis in tumors by controlling the levels of both, pAKT and inducible NO synthase (iNOS). Furthermore, we observed that the expression of EPOR is associated with the expression of the mitochondrial marker VDAC1 in tissue arrays of lung cancer patients, suggesting that EPOR indeed helps to regulate mitochondrial biogenesis in tumors of cancer patients. Thus, our data imply that EPOR not only stimulates tumor growth but also regulates tumor metabolism and is a target for direct intervention against progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa A. Aboouf
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Center for Clinical Studies, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Franco Guscetti
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nadine von Büren
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Center for Clinical Studies, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Julia Armbruster
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Center for Clinical Studies, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hyrije Ademi
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Center for Clinical Studies, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maja Ruetten
- PathoVet AG, Pathology Diagnostic Laboratory, Tagelswangen, Switzerland
| | | | - Thomas Rülicke
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander Seymer
- Department for Sociology and Social Geography, Paris Lodron University of Salzburg (PLUS), Salzburg, Austria
| | - Robert A. Jacobs
- Department of Human Physiology & Nutrition, University of Colorado Colorado Springs (UCCS), Colorado Springs, CO, United States
| | - Edith M. Schneider Gasser
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Center of Neuroscience Zurich (ZNZ), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Julian Aragones
- Hospital Universitario Santa Cristina, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Drorit Neumann
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Max Gassmann
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Markus Thiersch
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Center for Clinical Studies, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Markus Thiersch,
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14
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Wittes J, Greenwald I. Genetic analysis of DAF-18/PTEN missense mutants for the ability to maintain quiescence of the somatic gonad and germ line in Caenorhabditis elegans dauer larvae. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2022; 12:jkac093. [PMID: 35451467 PMCID: PMC9157151 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkac093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian tumor suppressor PTEN has well-established lipid phosphatase and protein phosphatase activities. DAF-18, the Caenorhabditis elegans ortholog of PTEN, has a high degree of conservation in the catalytic domain, and human PTEN complements a null allele of daf-18, suggesting conserved protein function. Insights gleaned from studies of mammalian PTEN have been applied to studies of DAF-18 in C. elegans, including predicted enzymatic properties of mutants. Here, we characterize DAF-18 missense mutants previously treated as selectively disrupting either protein or lipid phosphatase activity in genetic assays to connect distinct phenotypes to specific enzymatic activities of DAF-18/PTEN. We analyze the ability of these mutants to maintain quiescence of the somatic gonad and germ line in dauer larvae, a state of diapause during which development is suspended. We show that transgenes expressing either the putative lipid phosphatase-deficient or putative protein phosphatase-deficient form fail to complement a daf-18 null allele, and that the corresponding homozygous endogenous missense mutant alleles fail to maintain developmental quiescence. We also show that the endogenous daf-18 missense alleles fail to complement each other, suggesting that one or both of the missense forms are not activity-selective. Furthermore, homozygous daf-18 missense mutants have a more severe phenotype than a daf-18 null mutant, suggesting the presence of functionally compromised mutant DAF-18 is more deleterious than the absence of DAF-18. We discuss how these genetic properties complicate the interpretation of genetic assays to associate specific enzymatic activities with specific phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Wittes
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Iva Greenwald
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
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15
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Chen J, Tang LY, Powell ME, Jordan JM, Baugh LR. Genetic analysis of daf-18/PTEN missense mutants for starvation resistance and developmental regulation during Caenorhabditis elegans L1 arrest. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2022; 12:jkac092. [PMID: 35451480 PMCID: PMC9157142 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkac092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in the well-known tumor suppressor PTEN are observed in many cancers. PTEN is a dual-specificity phosphatase that harbors lipid and protein-phosphatase activities. The Caenorhabditis elegans PTEN ortholog is daf-18, which has pleiotropic effects on dauer formation, aging, starvation resistance, and development. Function of 3 daf-18 point-mutants, G174E, D137A, and C169S, had previously been investigated using high-copy transgenes in a daf-18 null background. These alleles were generated based on their mammalian counterparts and were treated as though they specifically disrupt lipid or protein-phosphatase activity, or both, respectively. Here, we investigated these alleles using genome editing of endogenous daf-18. We assayed 3 traits relevant to L1 starvation resistance, and we show that each point mutant is essentially as starvation-sensitive as a daf-18 null mutant. Furthermore, we show that G174E and D137A do not complement each other, suggesting overlapping effects on lipid and protein-phosphatase activity. We also show that each allele has strong effects on nucleocytoplasmic localization of DAF-16/FoxO and dauer formation, both of which are regulated by PI3K signaling, similar to a daf-18 null allele. In addition, each allele also disrupts M-cell quiescence during L1 starvation, though D137A has a weaker effect than the other alleles, including the null. Our results confirm that daf-18/PTEN is important for promoting starvation resistance and developmental arrest and that it is a potent regulator of PI3K signaling, and they highlight challenges of using genetic analysis to link specific DAF-18/PTEN enzymatic activities to particular phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxian Chen
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Linda Y Tang
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Maya E Powell
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - James M Jordan
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - L Ryan Baugh
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
- Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
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16
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Tumor Suppressive Effects of GAS5 in Cancer Cells. Noncoding RNA 2022; 8:ncrna8030039. [PMID: 35736636 PMCID: PMC9228804 DOI: 10.3390/ncrna8030039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been shown to play important regulatory roles in cellular processes. Growth arrests specific transcript 5 (GAS5) is a lncRNA that is highly expressed during the cell cycle arrest phase but is downregulated in actively growing cells. Growth arrests specific transcript 5 was discovered to be downregulated in several cancers, primarily solid tumors, and it is known as a tumor suppressor gene that regulates cell proliferation, invasion, migration, and apoptosis via multiple molecular mechanisms. Furthermore, GAS5 polymorphism was found to affect GAS5 expression and functionality in a cell-specific manner. This review article focuses on GAS5’s tumor-suppressive effects in regulating oncogenic signaling pathways, cell cycle, apoptosis, tumor-associated genes, and treatment-resistant cells. We also discussed genetic polymorphisms of GAS5 and their association with cancer susceptibility.
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17
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Han L, Zhang B. Malignant transformation of endometriosis in a laparoscopic trocar site a case report. BMC Womens Health 2022; 22:163. [PMID: 35562703 PMCID: PMC9103296 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-022-01749-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malignant transformation of endometriosis is infrequent at the laparoscopic trocar site. Although malignant transformation is uncommon, it must be acknowledged in order to achieve radical resection. CASE PRESENTATION We report on a 54-year-old woman with trocar site endometriosis 2 years after laparoscopic ovarian endometrial resection. Physical examination revealed a subcutaneous solid tumor with a diameter of 3 cm surrounding the scar of laparoscopic surgery in the right lower abdomen. Transabdominal ultrasonography showed a cystic tumor in the subcutaneous adipose layer of the right lower abdomen. The pathological diagnosis was poorly differentiated endometrioid carcinoma. Hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy were then performed. Histological examination revealed mixed endometrioid carcinoma and clear cell carcinoma. After six cycles of chemotherapy, computed tomography showed no signs of recurrence. CONCLUSIONS Malignant transformation of laparoscopic endometriosis is very uncommon, and the diagnosis and stage are determined by clinical manifestations and imaging examination. The main therapy methods are radical surgery combined with neoadjuvant chemotherapy and adjuvant radiotherapy. At the same time, reducing iatrogenic abdominal incision implantation is an effective prevention method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Han
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The People's Hospital of China Three Geoges University The People's Hospital of China Three Gorges University. The First People's Hospital of Yichang, Jiefang Road 4, Yichang City, 443003, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Bingyi Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound Imaging, The People's Hospital of China Three Gorges University. The First People's Hospital of Yichang, Yichang City, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
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18
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Intraductal Carcinoma of the Prostate as a Cause of Prostate Cancer Metastasis: A Molecular Portrait. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14030820. [PMID: 35159086 PMCID: PMC8834356 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Most men with prostate cancer will live as long as those who do not have prostate cancer. However, some men will die early of their disease due to a particular type of prostate cancer associated with recurrence and metastasis: intraductal carcinoma of the prostate. In this review, we discuss the associations between intraductal carcinoma of the prostate and metastasis, and the contemporary knowledge about the molecular alterations of intraductal carcinoma of the prostate. Abstract Intraductal carcinoma of the prostate (IDC-P) is one of the most aggressive types of prostate cancer (PCa). IDC-P is identified in approximately 20% of PCa patients and is associated with recurrence, metastasis, and PCa-specific death. The main feature of this histological variant is the colonization of benign glands by PCa cells. Although IDC-P is a well-recognized independent parameter for metastasis, mechanisms by which IDC-P cells can spread and colonize other tissues are not fully known. In this review, we discuss the molecular portraits of IDC-P determined by immunohistochemistry and genomic approaches and highlight the areas in which more research is needed.
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19
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Lu WC, Omari R, Ray H, Wang J, Williams I, Jacobs C, Hockaden N, Bochman ML, Carpenter RL. AKT1 mediates multiple phosphorylation events that functionally promote HSF1 activation. FEBS J 2022; 289:3876-3893. [PMID: 35080342 PMCID: PMC9309721 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The heat stress response activates the transcription factor heat shock factor 1 (HSF1), which subsequently upregulates heat shock proteins to maintain the integrity of the proteome. HSF1 activation requires nuclear localization, trimerization, DNA binding, phosphorylation and gene transactivation. Phosphorylation at S326 is an important regulator of HSF1 transcriptional activity. Phosphorylation at S326 is mediated by AKT1, mTOR, p38, MEK1 and DYRK2. Here, we observed activation of HSF1 by AKT1 independently of mTOR. AKT2 also phosphorylated S326 of HSF1 but showed weak ability to activate HSF1. Similarly, mTOR, p38, MEK1 and DYRK2 all phosphorylated S326 but AKT1 was the most potent activator. Mass spectrometry showed that AKT1 also phosphorylated HSF1 at T142, S230 and T527 in addition to S326, whereas the other kinases did not. Subsequent investigation revealed that phosphorylation at T142 is necessary for HSF1 trimerization and that S230, S326 and T527 are required for HSF1 gene transactivation and recruitment of TFIIB and CDK9. Interestingly, T527 as a phosphorylated residue has not been previously shown and sits in the transactivation domain, further implying a role for this site in HSF1 gene transactivation. This study suggests that HSF1 hyperphosphorylation is targeted and these specific residues have direct function in regulating HSF1 transcriptional activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Cheng Lu
- Medical Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Ramsey Omari
- Medical Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Haimanti Ray
- Medical Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - John Wang
- Medical Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Imade Williams
- Medical Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Curteisha Jacobs
- Medical Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Natasha Hockaden
- Medical Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Matthew L Bochman
- Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry Department, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA.,Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, IN, USA
| | - Richard L Carpenter
- Medical Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Bloomington, IN, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, IN, USA.,Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, IN, USA
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20
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Cha Y, Kim T, Jeon J, Jang Y, Kim PB, Lopes C, Leblanc P, Cohen BM, Kim KS. SIRT2 regulates mitochondrial dynamics and reprogramming via MEK1-ERK-DRP1 and AKT1-DRP1 axes. Cell Rep 2021; 37:110155. [PMID: 34965411 PMCID: PMC8780843 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.110155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
During somatic reprogramming, cellular energy metabolism fundamentally switches from predominantly mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation toward glycolysis. This metabolic reprogramming, also called the Warburg effect, is critical for the induction of pluripotency, but its molecular mechanisms remain poorly defined. Notably, SIRT2 is consistently downregulated during the reprogramming process and regulates glycolytic switch. Here, we report that downregulation of SIRT2 increases acetylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) kinase-1 (MEK1) at Lys175, resulting in activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs) and subsequent activation of the pro-fission factor dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1). In parallel, downregulation of SIRT2 hyperacetylates the serine/threonine protein kinase AKT1 at Lys20 in a non-canonical way, activating DRP1 and metabolic reprogramming. Together, our study identified two axes, SIRT2-MEK1-ERK-DRP1 and SIRT2-AKT1-DRP1, that critically link mitochondrial dynamics and oxidative phosphorylation to the somatic reprogramming process. These upstream signals, together with SIRT2’s role in glycolytic switching, may underlie the Warburg effect observed in human somatic cell reprogramming. Mitochondrial remodeling has critical roles for the somatic cell reprogramming process. Cha et al. report the functional role of SIRT2 in mitochondrial dynamics and remodeling during the human somatic cell reprogramming process. They identify two axes, SIRT2-MEK1-ERK-DRP1 and SIRT2-AKT1-DRP1, that link SIRT2 downregulation to mitochondrial remodeling and somatic cell reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Cha
- Department of Psychiatry and Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, McLean Hospital and Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA 02478, USA.
| | - Taewoo Kim
- Department of Psychiatry and Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, McLean Hospital and Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA 02478, USA
| | - Jeha Jeon
- Department of Psychiatry and Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, McLean Hospital and Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA 02478, USA
| | - Yongwoo Jang
- Department of Psychiatry and Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, McLean Hospital and Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA 02478, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Patrick B Kim
- Department of Psychiatry and Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, McLean Hospital and Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA 02478, USA
| | - Claudia Lopes
- Department of Psychiatry and Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, McLean Hospital and Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA 02478, USA
| | - Pierre Leblanc
- Department of Psychiatry and Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, McLean Hospital and Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA 02478, USA
| | - Bruce M Cohen
- Department of Psychiatry and Program for Neuropsychiatric Research, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA 02478, USA
| | - Kwang-Soo Kim
- Department of Psychiatry and Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, McLean Hospital and Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA 02478, USA.
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21
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Parekh U, McDonald D, Dailamy A, Wu Y, Cordes T, Zhang K, Tipps A, Metallo C, Mali P. Charting oncogenicity of genes and variants across lineages via multiplexed screens in teratomas. iScience 2021; 24:103149. [PMID: 34646987 PMCID: PMC8496177 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Deconstructing tissue-specific effects of genes and variants on proliferation is critical to understanding cellular transformation and systematically selecting cancer therapeutics. This requires scalable methods for multiplexed genetic screens tracking fitness across time, across lineages, and in a suitable niche, since physiological cues influence functional differences. Towards this, we present an approach, coupling single-cell cancer driver screens in teratomas with hit enrichment by serial teratoma reinjection, to simultaneously screen drivers across multiple lineages in vivo. Using this system, we analyzed population shifts and lineage-specific enrichment for 51 cancer associated genes and variants, profiling over 100,000 cells spanning over 20 lineages, across two rounds of serial reinjection. We confirmed that c-MYC alone or combined with myristoylated AKT1 potently drives proliferation in progenitor neural lineages, demonstrating signatures of malignancy. Additionally, mutant MEK1 S218D/S222D provides a proliferative advantage in mesenchymal lineages like fibroblasts. Our method provides a powerful platform for multi-lineage longitudinal study of oncogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Udit Parekh
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, San Diego, USA
| | - Daniella McDonald
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, San Diego, USA
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California San Diego, San Diego, USA
| | - Amir Dailamy
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, San Diego, USA
| | - Yan Wu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, San Diego, USA
| | - Thekla Cordes
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, San Diego, USA
| | - Kun Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, San Diego, USA
| | - Ann Tipps
- School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, USA
| | - Christian Metallo
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, San Diego, USA
- Salk Institute of Biological Studies, La Jolla, USA
| | - Prashant Mali
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, San Diego, USA
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22
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Ventura E, Iannuzzi CA, Pentimalli F, Giordano A, Morrione A. RBL1/p107 Expression Levels Are Modulated by Multiple Signaling Pathways. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13195025. [PMID: 34638509 PMCID: PMC8507926 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13195025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The members of the retinoblastoma (RB) protein family, RB1/p105, retinoblastoma-like (RBL)1/p107 and RBL2/p130 are critical modulators of the cell cycle and their dysregulation has been associated with tumor initiation and progression. The activity of RB proteins is regulated by numerous pathways including oncogenic signaling, but the molecular mechanisms of these functional interactions are not fully defined. We previously demonstrated that RBL2/p130 is a direct target of AKT and it is a key mediator of the apoptotic process induced by AKT inhibition. Here we demonstrated that RBL1/p107 levels are only minorly modulated by the AKT signaling pathway. In contrast, we discovered that RBL1/p107 levels are regulated by multiple pathways linked directly or indirectly to Ca2+-dependent signaling. Inhibition of the multifunctional calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinases (CaMKs) significantly reduced RBL1/p107 expression levels and phosphorylation, increased RBL1/p107 nuclear localization and led to cell cycle arrest in G0/G1. Targeting the Ca2+-dependent endopeptidase calpain stabilized RBL1/p107 levels and counteracted the reduction of RBL1/p107 levels associated with CaMKs inhibition. Thus, these novel observations suggest a complex regulation of RBL1/p107 expression involving different components of signaling pathways controlled by Ca2+ levels, including CaMKs and calpain, pointing out a significant difference with the mechanisms modulating the close family member RBL2/p130.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Ventura
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA; (E.V.); (A.G.)
| | - Carmelina Antonella Iannuzzi
- Cell Biology and Biotherapy Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS, Fondazione G. Pascale, I-80131 Napoli, Italy; (C.A.I.); (F.P.)
| | - Francesca Pentimalli
- Cell Biology and Biotherapy Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS, Fondazione G. Pascale, I-80131 Napoli, Italy; (C.A.I.); (F.P.)
| | - Antonio Giordano
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA; (E.V.); (A.G.)
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, I-53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Andrea Morrione
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA; (E.V.); (A.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +215-204-2450
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23
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Nalairndran G, Chung I, Abdul Razack AH, Chung FF, Hii L, Lim W, Looi CK, Mai C, Leong C. Inhibition of Janus Kinase 1 synergizes docetaxel sensitivity in prostate cancer cells. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:8187-8200. [PMID: 34322995 PMCID: PMC8419172 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most common malignancy and is the fifth leading cause of cancer mortality among men globally. Docetaxel-based therapy remains the first-line treatment for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. However, dose-limiting toxicity including neutropenia, myelosuppression and neurotoxicity is the major reason for docetaxel dose reductions and fewer cycles administered, despite a recent study showing a clear survival benefit with increased total number of docetaxel cycles in PCa patients. Although previous studies have attempted to improve the efficacy and reduce docetaxel toxicity through drug combination, no drug has yet demonstrated improved overall survival in clinical trial, highlighting the challenges of improving the activity of docetaxel monotherapy in PCa. Herein, we identified 15 lethality hits for which inhibition could enhance docetaxel sensitivity in PCa cells via a high-throughput kinome-wide loss-of-function screen. Further drug-gene interactions analyses identified Janus kinase 1 (JAK1) as a viable druggable target with existing experimental inhibitors and FDA-approved drugs. We demonstrated that depletion of endogenous JAK1 enhanced docetaxel-induced apoptosis in PCa cells. Furthermore, inhibition of JAK1/2 by baricitinib and ruxolitinib synergizes docetaxel sensitivity in both androgen receptor (AR)-negative DU145 and PC3 cells, but not in the AR-positive LNCaP cells. In contrast, no synergistic effects were observed in cells treated with JAK2-specific inhibitor, fedratinib, suggesting that the synergistic effects are mainly mediated through JAK1 inhibition. In conclusion, the combination therapy with JAK1 inhibitors and docetaxel could be a useful therapeutic strategy in the treatment of prostate cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geetha Nalairndran
- Department of PharmacologyFaculty of MedicineUniversity of MalayaKuala LumpurMalaysia
| | - Ivy Chung
- Department of PharmacologyFaculty of MedicineUniversity of MalayaKuala LumpurMalaysia
- University of Malaya Cancer Research InstituteFaculty of MedicineUniversity of MalayaKuala LumpurMalaysia
| | | | - Felicia Fei‐Lei Chung
- Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis Section (MCA)Epigenetics Group (EGE)International Agency for Research on Cancer World Health OrganizationLyon CEDEX 08France
| | - Ling‐Wei Hii
- Center for Cancer and Stem Cell ResearchInstitute for ResearchDevelopment and Innovation (IRDI)International Medical UniversityKuala LumpurMalaysia
- School of PharmacyInternational Medical UniversityKuala LumpurMalaysia
- School of Postgraduate StudiesInternational Medical UniversityKuala LumpurMalaysia
| | - Wei‐Meng Lim
- Center for Cancer and Stem Cell ResearchInstitute for ResearchDevelopment and Innovation (IRDI)International Medical UniversityKuala LumpurMalaysia
- School of PharmacyInternational Medical UniversityKuala LumpurMalaysia
| | - Chin King Looi
- Center for Cancer and Stem Cell ResearchInstitute for ResearchDevelopment and Innovation (IRDI)International Medical UniversityKuala LumpurMalaysia
- School of Postgraduate StudiesInternational Medical UniversityKuala LumpurMalaysia
| | - Chun‐Wai Mai
- Center for Cancer and Stem Cell ResearchInstitute for ResearchDevelopment and Innovation (IRDI)International Medical UniversityKuala LumpurMalaysia
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related GenesRenji‐Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research CenterDepartment of UrologyRen Ji HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Chee‐Onn Leong
- Center for Cancer and Stem Cell ResearchInstitute for ResearchDevelopment and Innovation (IRDI)International Medical UniversityKuala LumpurMalaysia
- School of PharmacyInternational Medical UniversityKuala LumpurMalaysia
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24
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Lupse B, Annamalai K, Ibrahim H, Kaur S, Geravandi S, Sarma B, Pal A, Awal S, Joshi A, Rafizadeh S, Madduri MK, Khazaei M, Liu H, Yuan T, He W, Gorrepati KDD, Azizi Z, Qi Q, Ye K, Oberholzer J, Maedler K, Ardestani A. Inhibition of PHLPP1/2 phosphatases rescues pancreatic β-cells in diabetes. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109490. [PMID: 34348155 PMCID: PMC8421018 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic β-cell failure is the key pathogenic element of the complex metabolic deterioration in type 2 diabetes (T2D); its underlying pathomechanism is still elusive. Here, we identify pleckstrin homology domain leucine-rich repeat protein phosphatases 1 and 2 (PHLPP1/2) as phosphatases whose upregulation leads to β-cell failure in diabetes. PHLPP levels are highly elevated in metabolically stressed human and rodent diabetic β-cells. Sustained hyper-activation of mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) is the primary mechanism of the PHLPP upregulation linking chronic metabolic stress to ultimate β-cell death. PHLPPs directly dephosphorylate and regulate activities of β-cell survival-dependent kinases AKT and MST1, constituting a regulatory triangle loop to control β-cell apoptosis. Genetic inhibition of PHLPPs markedly improves β-cell survival and function in experimental models of diabetes in vitro, in vivo, and in primary human T2D islets. Our study presents PHLPPs as targets for functional regenerative therapy of pancreatic β cells in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blaz Lupse
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Karthika Annamalai
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Hazem Ibrahim
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Supreet Kaur
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Shirin Geravandi
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Bhavishya Sarma
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Anasua Pal
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Sushil Awal
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Arundhati Joshi
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Sahar Rafizadeh
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Murali Krishna Madduri
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Mona Khazaei
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Huan Liu
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Ting Yuan
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Wei He
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | | | - Zahra Azizi
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany; Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614535, Iran
| | - Qi Qi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Keqiang Ye
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Jose Oberholzer
- Charles O. Strickler Transplant Center, University of Virginia Medical Center, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Kathrin Maedler
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany.
| | - Amin Ardestani
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany; Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614535, Iran.
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25
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Reiterer M, Bruce L, Milton S. Differential Responses of Methionine Sulfoxide Reductases A and B to Anoxia and Oxidative Stress in the Freshwater Turtle Trachemys scripta. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11070458. [PMID: 34357352 PMCID: PMC8304764 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11070458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been acknowledged as a major factor in aging, senescence and neurodegenerative conditions. Mammalian models are susceptible to these stresses following the restoration of oxygen after anoxia; however, some organisms including the freshwater turtle Trachemys scripta can withstand repeated anoxia and reoxygenation without apparent pathology. T. scripta thus provides us with an alternate vertebrate model to investigate physiological mechanisms of neuroprotection. The objective of this study was to investigate the antioxidant methionine sulfoxide reductase system (Msr) in turtle neuronal tissue. We examined brain transcript and protein levels of MsrA and MsrB and examined the potential for the transcription factor FOXO3a to regulate the oxygen-responsive changes in Msr in vitro. We found that Msr mRNA and protein levels are differentially upregulated during anoxia and reoxygenation, and when cells were exposed to chemical oxidative stress. However, while MsrA and MsrB3 levels increased when cell cultures were exposed to chemical oxidative stress, this induction was not enhanced by treatment with epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), which has previously been shown to enhance FOXO3a levels in the turtle. These results suggest that FOXO3a and Msr protect the cells from oxidative stress through different molecular pathways, and that both the Msr pathway and EGCG may be therapeutic targets to treat diseases related to oxidative damage.
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26
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Wang S, Liang H, Wei Y, Zhang P, Dang Y, Li G, Zhang SH. Alternative Splicing of MoPTEN Is Important for Growth and Pathogenesis in Magnaporthe oryzae. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:715773. [PMID: 34335554 PMCID: PMC8322540 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.715773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Human PTEN, a dual-phosphatase tumor suppressor, is frequently dysregulated by alternative splicing. Fungi harbor PTEN homologs, but alternative splicing of fungal PTENs has not been reported as far as we know. Here, we described an alternative splicing case in the PTEN homolog of Magnaporthe oryzae (MoPTEN). Two splice variants of MoPTEN were detected and identified, which are resulted from an intron retention and exclusion (MoPTEN-1/2). Both proteins were different in lipid and protein phosphatase activity and in expression patterns. The MoPTEN deletion mutant (ΔMoPTEN) showed the defects in conidiation, appressorium formation, and pathogenesis. ΔMoPTEN could be completely restored by MoPTEN, but rescued partially by MoPTEN-1 in the defect of conidium and appressorium formation, and by MoPTEN-2 in the defect of invasive development. Assays to assess sensitivity to oxidative stress reveal the involvement of MoPTEN-2 in scavenging exogenous and host-derived H2O2. Taken together, MoPTEN undergoes alternative splicing, and both variants cooperatively contribute to conidium and appressorium development, and invasive hyphae growth in plant cells, revealing a novel disease development pathway in M. oryzae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaowei Wang
- College of Plant Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hao Liang
- College of Plant Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yi Wei
- College of Plant Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Center for Extreme-Environmental Microorganisms, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China.,College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Penghui Zhang
- College of Plant Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuejia Dang
- Center for Extreme-Environmental Microorganisms, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China.,College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Guihua Li
- College of Plant Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shi-Hong Zhang
- College of Plant Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Center for Extreme-Environmental Microorganisms, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China.,College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
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27
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Kirstein AS, Kehr S, Nebe M, Hanschkow M, Barth LAG, Lorenz J, Penke M, Breitfeld J, Le Duc D, Landgraf K, Körner A, Kovacs P, Stadler PF, Kiess W, Garten A. PTEN regulates adipose progenitor cell growth, differentiation, and replicative aging. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:100968. [PMID: 34273354 PMCID: PMC8350019 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor suppressor phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) negatively regulates the insulin signaling pathway. Germline PTEN pathogenic variants cause PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome (PHTS), associated with lipoma development in children. Adipose progenitor cells (APCs) lose their capacity to differentiate into adipocytes during continuous culture, whereas APCs from lipomas of patients with PHTS retain their adipogenic potential over a prolonged period. It remains unclear which mechanisms trigger this aberrant adipose tissue growth. To investigate the role of PTEN in adipose tissue development, we performed functional assays and RNA-Seq of control and PTEN knockdown APCs. Reduction of PTEN levels using siRNA or CRISPR led to enhanced proliferation and differentiation of APCs. Forkhead box protein O1 (FOXO1) transcriptional activity is known to be regulated by insulin signaling, and FOXO1 was downregulated at the mRNA level while its inactivation through phosphorylation increased. FOXO1 phosphorylation initiates the expression of the lipogenesis-activating transcription factor sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP1). SREBP1 levels were higher after PTEN knockdown and may account for the observed enhanced adipogenesis. To validate this, we overexpressed constitutively active FOXO1 in PTEN CRISPR cells and found reduced adipogenesis, accompanied by SREBP1 downregulation. We observed that PTEN CRISPR cells showed less senescence compared with controls and the senescence marker CDKN1A (p21) was downregulated in PTEN knockdown cells. Cellular senescence was the most significantly enriched pathway found in RNA-Seq of PTEN knockdown versus control cells. These results provide evidence that PTEN is involved in the regulation of APC proliferation, differentiation, and senescence, thereby contributing to aberrant adipose tissue growth in patients with PHTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna S Kirstein
- University Hospital for Children & Adolescents, Center for Pediatric Research, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Stephanie Kehr
- Bioinformatics Group, Department of Computer Science and Interdisciplinary Center for Bioinformatics, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Michèle Nebe
- University Hospital for Children & Adolescents, Center for Pediatric Research, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martha Hanschkow
- University Hospital for Children & Adolescents, Center for Pediatric Research, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Lisa A G Barth
- University Hospital for Children & Adolescents, Center for Pediatric Research, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Judith Lorenz
- University Hospital for Children & Adolescents, Center for Pediatric Research, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Melanie Penke
- University Hospital for Children & Adolescents, Center for Pediatric Research, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jana Breitfeld
- Medical Department III-Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Diana Le Duc
- Institute of Human Genetics, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany; Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kathrin Landgraf
- University Hospital for Children & Adolescents, Center for Pediatric Research, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Antje Körner
- University Hospital for Children & Adolescents, Center for Pediatric Research, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Peter Kovacs
- Medical Department III-Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Peter F Stadler
- Bioinformatics Group, Department of Computer Science and Interdisciplinary Center for Bioinformatics, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Mathematics in the Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Wieland Kiess
- University Hospital for Children & Adolescents, Center for Pediatric Research, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Antje Garten
- University Hospital for Children & Adolescents, Center for Pediatric Research, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany; Institute for Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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28
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Medina-Vera D, Navarro JA, Tovar R, Rosell-Valle C, Gutiérrez-Adan A, Ledesma JC, Sanjuan C, Pavón FJ, Baixeras E, Rodríguez de Fonseca F, Decara J. Activation of PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway in Rat Hypothalamus Induced by an Acute Oral Administration of D-Pinitol. Nutrients 2021; 13:2268. [PMID: 34209137 PMCID: PMC8308282 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
D-Pinitol (DPIN) is a natural occurring inositol capable of activating the insulin pathway in peripheral tissues, whereas this has not been thoroughly studied in the central nervous system. The present study assessed the potential regulatory effects of DPIN on the hypothalamic insulin signaling pathway. To this end we investigated the Phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/Protein Kinase B (Akt) signaling cascade in a rat model following oral administration of DPIN. The PI3K/Akt-associated proteins were quantified by Western blot in terms of phosphorylation and total expression. Results indicate that the acute administration of DPIN induced time-dependent phosphorylation of PI3K/Akt and its related substrates within the hypothalamus, indicating an activation of the insulin signaling pathway. This profile is consistent with DPIN as an insulin sensitizer since we also found a decrease in the circulating concentration of this hormone. Overall, the present study shows the pharmacological action of DPIN in the hypothalamus through the PI3K/Akt pathway when giving in fasted animals. These findings suggest that DPIN might be a candidate to treat brain insulin-resistance associated disorders by activating insulin response beyond the insulin receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina Medina-Vera
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Universitario Regional de Málaga, UGC Salud Mental, Avda. Carlos Haya 82, Pabellón de Gobierno, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (D.M.-V.); (J.A.N.); (R.T.); (C.R.-V.); (J.C.L.); (F.J.P.)
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), UGC del Corazón, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Juan Antonio Navarro
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Universitario Regional de Málaga, UGC Salud Mental, Avda. Carlos Haya 82, Pabellón de Gobierno, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (D.M.-V.); (J.A.N.); (R.T.); (C.R.-V.); (J.C.L.); (F.J.P.)
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Rubén Tovar
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Universitario Regional de Málaga, UGC Salud Mental, Avda. Carlos Haya 82, Pabellón de Gobierno, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (D.M.-V.); (J.A.N.); (R.T.); (C.R.-V.); (J.C.L.); (F.J.P.)
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Cristina Rosell-Valle
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Universitario Regional de Málaga, UGC Salud Mental, Avda. Carlos Haya 82, Pabellón de Gobierno, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (D.M.-V.); (J.A.N.); (R.T.); (C.R.-V.); (J.C.L.); (F.J.P.)
| | - Alfonso Gutiérrez-Adan
- Departamento de Reproducción Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Juan Carlos Ledesma
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Universitario Regional de Málaga, UGC Salud Mental, Avda. Carlos Haya 82, Pabellón de Gobierno, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (D.M.-V.); (J.A.N.); (R.T.); (C.R.-V.); (J.C.L.); (F.J.P.)
| | - Carlos Sanjuan
- Euronutra S.L. Calle Johannes Kepler, 3, 29590 Málaga, Spain;
| | - Francisco Javier Pavón
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Universitario Regional de Málaga, UGC Salud Mental, Avda. Carlos Haya 82, Pabellón de Gobierno, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (D.M.-V.); (J.A.N.); (R.T.); (C.R.-V.); (J.C.L.); (F.J.P.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), UGC del Corazón, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Elena Baixeras
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain;
| | - Fernando Rodríguez de Fonseca
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Universitario Regional de Málaga, UGC Salud Mental, Avda. Carlos Haya 82, Pabellón de Gobierno, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (D.M.-V.); (J.A.N.); (R.T.); (C.R.-V.); (J.C.L.); (F.J.P.)
| | - Juan Decara
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Universitario Regional de Málaga, UGC Salud Mental, Avda. Carlos Haya 82, Pabellón de Gobierno, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (D.M.-V.); (J.A.N.); (R.T.); (C.R.-V.); (J.C.L.); (F.J.P.)
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29
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Song B, Gu Y, Jiang W, Li Y, Ayre WN, Liu Z, Yin T, Janetopoulos C, Iijima M, Devreotes P, Zhao M. Electric signals counterbalanced posterior vs anterior PTEN signaling in directed migration of Dictyostelium. Cell Biosci 2021; 11:111. [PMID: 34127068 PMCID: PMC8201722 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-021-00580-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cells show directed migration response to electric signals, namely electrotaxis or galvanotaxis. PI3K and PTEN jointly play counterbalancing roles in this event via a bilateral regulation of PIP3 signaling. PI3K has been proved essential in anterior signaling of electrotaxing cells, whilst the role of PTEN remains elusive. Methods Dictyostelium cells with different genetic backgrounds were treated with direct current electric signals to investigate the genetic regulation of electrotaxis. Results We demonstrated that electric signals promoted PTEN phosphatase activity and asymmetrical translocation to the posterior plasma membrane of the electrotaxing cells. Electric stimulation produced a similar but delayed rear redistribution of myosin II, immediately before electrotaxis started. Actin polymerization is required for the asymmetric membrane translocation of PTEN and myosin. PTEN signaling is also responsible for the asymmetric anterior redistribution of PIP3/F-actin, and a biased redistribution of pseudopod protrusion in the forwarding direction of electrotaxing cells. Conclusions PTEN controls electrotaxis by coordinately regulating asymmetric redistribution of myosin to the posterior, and PIP3/F-actin to the anterior region of the directed migration cells. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13578-021-00580-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Song
- School of Dentistry, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XY, UK. .,State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Yu Gu
- School of Dentistry, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XY, UK
| | - Wenkai Jiang
- School of Dentistry, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XY, UK.,State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ying Li
- School of Dentistry, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XY, UK.,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin, China
| | - Wayne Nishio Ayre
- School of Dentistry, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XY, UK
| | - Zhipeng Liu
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin, China
| | - Tao Yin
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin, China
| | | | - Miho Iijima
- School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Peter Devreotes
- School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Min Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, UC Davis, School of Medicine, Davis, CA, 95618, USA. .,Department of Dermatology, UC Davis, School of Medicine, Davis, CA, 95618, USA.
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30
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Abe-Fukasawa N, Watanabe R, Gen Y, Nishino T, Itasaki N. A liquid culture cancer spheroid model reveals low PI3K/Akt pathway activity and low adhesiveness to the extracellular matrix. FEBS J 2021; 288:5650-5667. [PMID: 33837641 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) cultures of cancer cells in liquid without extracellular matrix (ECM) offer in vitro models for metastasising conditions such as those in vessels and effusion. However, liquid culturing is often hindered by cell adhesiveness, which causes large cell clumps. We previously described a liquid culture material, LA717, which prevents nonclonal cell adhesion and subsequent clumping, thus allowing clonal growth of spheroids in an anchorage-independent manner. Here, we examined such liquid culture cancer spheroids for the acquisition of apical-basal polarity, sensitivity to an Akt inhibitor (anticancer drug MK-2206) and interaction with ECM. The spheroids present apical plasma membrane on the surface, which originated from the failure of polarisation at the single-cell stage and subsequent defects in phosphorylated ezrin accumulation at the cell boundary during the first cleavage, failing internal lumen formation. At the multicellular stage, liquid culture spheroids presented bleb-like protrusion on the surface, which was enhanced by the activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway and reduced by PI3K/Akt inhibitors. Liquid culture spheroids exhibited slow proliferation speed and low endogenous pAkt levels compared with gel-cultured spheroids and 2D-cultured cells, explaining the susceptibility to the Akt-inhibiting anticancer drug. Subcutaneous xenografting and in vitro analysis demonstrated low viability and adhesive property of liquid culture spheroids to ECM, while migratory and invasive capacities were comparable with gel-cultured spheroids. These features agree with the low efficacy of circulating tumour spheroids in the settling step of metastasis. This study demonstrates the feature of anchorage-independent spheroids and validates liquid cultures as a useful method in cancer spheroid research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rina Watanabe
- Biological Research Laboratories, Nissan Chemical Corporation, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yuki Gen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, UK
| | - Taito Nishino
- Biological Research Laboratories, Nissan Chemical Corporation, Saitama, Japan
| | - Nobue Itasaki
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, UK
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31
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Abstract
In over two decades since the discovery of phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN), nearly 18,000 publications have attempted to elucidate its functions and roles in normal physiology and disease. The frequent disruption of PTEN in cancer cells was a strong indication that it had critical roles in tumour suppression. Germline PTEN mutations have been identified in patients with heterogeneous tumour syndromic diseases, known as PTEN hamartoma tumour syndrome (PHTS), and in some individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Today we know that by limiting oncogenic signalling through the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway, PTEN governs a number of processes including survival, proliferation, energy metabolism, and cellular architecture. Some of the most exciting recent advances in the understanding of PTEN biology and signalling have revisited its unappreciated roles as a protein phosphatase, identified non-enzymatic scaffold functions, and unravelled its nuclear function. These discoveries are certain to provide a new perspective on its full tumour suppressor potential, and knowledge from this work will lead to new anti-cancer strategies that exploit PTEN biology. In this review, we will highlight some outstanding questions and some of the very latest advances in the understanding of the tumour suppressor PTEN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Tak-Sum Chow
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Leonardo Salmena
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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32
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Martin-Batista E, Maglio LE, Armas-Capote N, Hernández G, Alvarez de la Rosa D, Giraldez T. SGK1.1 limits brain damage after status epilepticus through M current-dependent and independent mechanisms. Neurobiol Dis 2021; 153:105317. [PMID: 33639207 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2021.105317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is a neurological condition associated to significant brain damage produced by status epilepticus (SE) including neurodegeneration, gliosis and ectopic neurogenesis. Reduction of these processes constitutes a useful strategy to improve recovery and ameliorate negative outcomes after an initial insult. SGK1.1, the neuronal isoform of the serum and glucocorticoids-regulated kinase 1 (SGK1), has been shown to increase M-current density in neurons, leading to reduced excitability and protection against seizures. For this study, we used 4-5 months old male transgenic C57BL/6 J and FVB/NJ mice expressing near physiological levels of a constitutively active form of the kinase controlled by its endogenous promoter. Here we show that SGK1.1 activation potently reduces levels of neuronal death (assessed using Fluoro-Jade C staining) and reactive glial activation (reported by GFAP and Iba-1 markers) in limbic regions and cortex, 72 h after SE induced by kainate, even in the context of high seizure activity. This neuroprotective effect is not exclusively through M-current activation but is also directly linked to decreased apoptosis levels assessed by TUNEL assays and quantification of Bim and Bcl-xL by western blot of hippocampal protein extracts. Our results demonstrate that this newly described antiapoptotic role of SGK1.1 activation acts synergistically with the regulation of cellular excitability, resulting in a significant reduction of SE-induced brain damage in areas relevant to epileptogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elva Martin-Batista
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas Básicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Laguna, Campus de Ciencias de la Salud sn, 38200 San Cristobal de La Laguna, Spain; Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas (ITB), Campus de Ciencias de la Salud sn, 38071 San Cristobal de La Laguna, Spain.
| | - Laura E Maglio
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas Básicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Laguna, Campus de Ciencias de la Salud sn, 38200 San Cristobal de La Laguna, Spain; Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas (ITB), Campus de Ciencias de la Salud sn, 38071 San Cristobal de La Laguna, Spain.
| | - Natalia Armas-Capote
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas Básicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Laguna, Campus de Ciencias de la Salud sn, 38200 San Cristobal de La Laguna, Spain; Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas (ITB), Campus de Ciencias de la Salud sn, 38071 San Cristobal de La Laguna, Spain.
| | - Guadalberto Hernández
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas Básicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Laguna, Campus de Ciencias de la Salud sn, 38200 San Cristobal de La Laguna, Spain; Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas (ITB), Campus de Ciencias de la Salud sn, 38071 San Cristobal de La Laguna, Spain.
| | - Diego Alvarez de la Rosa
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas Básicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Laguna, Campus de Ciencias de la Salud sn, 38200 San Cristobal de La Laguna, Spain; Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas (ITB), Campus de Ciencias de la Salud sn, 38071 San Cristobal de La Laguna, Spain.
| | - Teresa Giraldez
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas Básicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Laguna, Campus de Ciencias de la Salud sn, 38200 San Cristobal de La Laguna, Spain; Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas (ITB), Campus de Ciencias de la Salud sn, 38071 San Cristobal de La Laguna, Spain.
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Blaustein M, Piegari E, Martínez Calejman C, Vila A, Amante A, Manese MV, Zeida A, Abrami L, Veggetti M, Guertin DA, van der Goot FG, Corvi MM, Colman-Lerner A. Akt Is S-Palmitoylated: A New Layer of Regulation for Akt. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:626404. [PMID: 33659252 PMCID: PMC7917195 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.626404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The protein kinase Akt/PKB participates in a great variety of processes, including translation, cell proliferation and survival, as well as malignant transformation and viral infection. In the last few years, novel Akt posttranslational modifications have been found. However, how these modification patterns affect Akt subcellular localization, target specificity and, in general, function is not thoroughly understood. Here, we postulate and experimentally demonstrate by acyl-biotin exchange (ABE) assay and 3H-palmitate metabolic labeling that Akt is S-palmitoylated, a modification related to protein sorting throughout subcellular membranes. Mutating cysteine 344 into serine blocked Akt S-palmitoylation and diminished its phosphorylation at two key sites, T308 and T450. Particularly, we show that palmitoylation-deficient Akt increases its recruitment to cytoplasmic structures that colocalize with lysosomes, a process stimulated during autophagy. Finally, we found that cysteine 344 in Akt1 is important for proper its function, since Akt1-C344S was unable to support adipocyte cell differentiation in vitro. These results add an unexpected new layer to the already complex Akt molecular code, improving our understanding of cell decision-making mechanisms such as cell survival, differentiation and death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matías Blaustein
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular (DFBMC), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (FCEN), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)-UBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Biociencias, Biotecnología y Biología Traslacional (iB3), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Estefanía Piegari
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular (DFBMC), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (FCEN), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)-UBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Camila Martínez Calejman
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Antonella Vila
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular (DFBMC), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (FCEN), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)-UBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Biociencias, Biotecnología y Biología Traslacional (iB3), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Analía Amante
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular (DFBMC), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (FCEN), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)-UBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Biociencias, Biotecnología y Biología Traslacional (iB3), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Victoria Manese
- Laboratorio de bioquímica y biología celular de parásitos, Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (IIB-INTECH), Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM) - CONICET, Chascomús, Argentina
| | - Ari Zeida
- Departamento de Bioquímica and Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Laurence Abrami
- Global Health Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mariela Veggetti
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular (DFBMC), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (FCEN), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)-UBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - David A Guertin
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States.,Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States.,Lei Weibo Institute for Rare Diseases, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - F Gisou van der Goot
- Global Health Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - María Martha Corvi
- Laboratorio de bioquímica y biología celular de parásitos, Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (IIB-INTECH), Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM) - CONICET, Chascomús, Argentina
| | - Alejandro Colman-Lerner
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular (DFBMC), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (FCEN), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)-UBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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34
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Perfetto M, Xu X, Lu C, Shi Y, Yousaf N, Li J, Yien YY, Wei S. The RNA helicase DDX3 induces neural crest by promoting AKT activity. Development 2021; 148:dev.184341. [PMID: 33318149 DOI: 10.1242/dev.184341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in the RNA helicase DDX3 have emerged as a frequent cause of intellectual disability in humans. Because many individuals carrying DDX3 mutations have additional defects in craniofacial structures and other tissues containing neural crest (NC)-derived cells, we hypothesized that DDX3 is also important for NC development. Using Xenopus tropicalis as a model, we show that DDX3 is required for normal NC induction and craniofacial morphogenesis by regulating AKT kinase activity. Depletion of DDX3 decreases AKT activity and AKT-dependent inhibitory phosphorylation of GSK3β, leading to reduced levels of β-catenin and Snai1: two GSK3β substrates that are crucial for NC induction. DDX3 function in regulating these downstream signaling events during NC induction is likely mediated by RAC1, a small GTPase whose translation depends on the RNA helicase activity of DDX3. These results suggest an evolutionarily conserved role of DDX3 in NC development by promoting AKT activity, and provide a potential mechanism for the NC-related birth defects displayed by individuals harboring mutations in DDX3 and its downstream effectors in this signaling cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Perfetto
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA.,Department of Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Xiaolu Xu
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Congyu Lu
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Yu Shi
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Natasha Yousaf
- Department of Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Jiejing Li
- Department of Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of KMUST, Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650032, China
| | - Yvette Y Yien
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Shuo Wei
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
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35
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Kato K, Nagane M, Aihara N, Kamiie J, Miyanabe M, Hiraki S, Luo X, Nakanishi I, Shoji Y, Matsumoto KI, Yamashita T. Lipid-soluble polyphenols from sweet potato exert antitumor activity and enhance chemosensitivity in breast cancer. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2021; 68:193-200. [PMID: 34025021 PMCID: PMC8129977 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.20-73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols are abundant in vegetables and fruit. They have been shown to have various antitumor, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects. Here, we extracted the lipid-soluble fraction of polyphenols from fermented sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas). These lipid-soluble polyphenols mainly contained caffeic acid derivatives with strong antioxidant ability, which we hypothesized to affect diseases for which oxidative stress is a factor, such as cancer. We therefore investigated the antitumor and chemo-sensitizing effects of lipid-soluble polyphenols on E0771 murine breast cancer cells. The lipid-soluble polyphenols accumulated in the cells’ cytoplasm due to its high lipophilicity, and reduced reactive oxygen species through its strong antioxidant activity. The lipid-soluble polyphenols also arrested the cell cycle at G0/G1 by suppressing Akt activity, and enhanced the cytotoxicity of anticancer agents. In this model, lipid-soluble polyphenols inhibited tumor growth and enhanced the efficacy of chemotherapy drugs. These results suggest the potential of lipid-soluble polyphenols as a functional food to support cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Kato
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, 1-17-71, Fuchinobe, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
| | - Masaki Nagane
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, 1-17-71, Fuchinobe, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Aihara
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, 1-17-71, Fuchinobe, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
| | - Junichi Kamiie
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, 1-17-71, Fuchinobe, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
| | - Masakatsu Miyanabe
- Genuine R&D Co., Ltd., 2-36-12, Takamidai, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 811-0215, Japan
| | - Shinobu Hiraki
- Genuine R&D Co., Ltd., 2-36-12, Takamidai, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 811-0215, Japan
| | - Xiaolin Luo
- Genuine R&D Co., Ltd., 2-36-12, Takamidai, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 811-0215, Japan
| | - Ikuo Nakanishi
- Quantitative RedOx Sensing Group, Department of Basic Medical Sciences for Radiation Damages, National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS), Quantum Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Shoji
- Quantitative RedOx Sensing Group, Department of Basic Medical Sciences for Radiation Damages, National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS), Quantum Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichiro Matsumoto
- Quantitative RedOx Sensing Group, Department of Basic Medical Sciences for Radiation Damages, National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS), Quantum Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Tadashi Yamashita
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, 1-17-71, Fuchinobe, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
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36
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Cesario FKO, Fontoura RP, da Conceição Junior AH, Cruz AG, Nimer NFS, Morais PB, Omena BM, Dos Santos EB, Silvestrini AA, Andrade RV. Reduction of Management Costs and Avoidance of Air Release of Carcinogens Through a Waste Segregation Program in a Brazilian Medical Institution. Front Public Health 2020; 8:583962. [PMID: 33365295 PMCID: PMC7750356 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.583962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hospital waste management is a current sustainability challenge. Although not always performed, the most applied approach in current protocols is the proper segregation of waste. The incineration of hospital waste is an significant source of emission of specific toxic particles and gases. We highlighted dioxins, whose representatives have been considered carcinogenic agents since 1994. Several experimental and epidemiologic studies have shown greater cancer morbidity and mortality associated with dioxin exposure. In the present study, we presented the impact of a hospital waste management program implemented in an oncology institution based on proper segregation and consequent reduction of incinerated mass. Data were collected for 8 years and the waste was separated into five categories: infectious (A4), chemical (B), recyclable (DR), non-recyclable (DNR), and sharps (E). The classes addressed to incineration were A4, B, and E. A team education starting from the admission process and with a continued education program was essential for a successfully implemented program. We achieved a 66% saving of waste from incineration, equivalent to 76 tons, of which 71.9 tons corresponded to recyclable waste. If the waste separation protocol was not implemented, the biohazardous and chemical material would contaminate the rest of the residues, making incineration as a final destination mandatory for all the waste. This scenario would result in significantly more dioxins release and a 64% higher cost of waste management. This low-cost implementation measure was effective in the cost reduction of waste management and minimization of air release of human carcinogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiane Kellem Oliveira Cesario
- DF Star, Brasília, Brazil.,Genomic Sciences and Biotechnology Department, Catholic University of Brasilia (UCB), Brasília, Brazil.,Clinical Research Department, D'Or Institute for Research and Education, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Renata Pereira Fontoura
- Genomic Sciences and Biotechnology Department, Catholic University of Brasilia (UCB), Brasília, Brazil.,Academic League of Oncology of Base Hospital, Brasília, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Rosângela Vieira Andrade
- Genomic Sciences and Biotechnology Department, Catholic University of Brasilia (UCB), Brasília, Brazil
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37
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Tran KB, Buchanan CM, Shepherd PR. Evolution of Molecular Targets in Melanoma Treatment. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:396-414. [PMID: 32000640 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200130091318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma is the deadliest type of skin cancers, accounting for more than 80% of skin cancer mortality. Although melanoma was known very early in the history of medicine, treatment for this disease had remained largely the same until very recently. Previous treatment options, including removal surgery and systemic chemotherapy, offered little benefit in extending the survival of melanoma patients. However, the last decade has seen breakthroughs in melanoma treatment, which all emerged following new insight into the oncogenic signaling of melanoma. This paper reviewed the evolution of drug targets for melanoma treatment based on the emergence of novel findings in the molecular signaling of melanoma. One of the findings that are most influential in melanoma treatment is that more than 50% of melanoma tumors contain BRAF mutations. This is fundamental for the development of BRAF inhibitors, which is the first group of drugs that significantly improves the overall survival of melanoma patients compared to the traditional chemotherapeutic dacarbazine. More recently, findings of the role of immune checkpoint molecules such as CTLA-4 and PD1/PD-L1 in melanoma biology have led to the development of a new therapeutic category: immune checkpoint inhibitors, which, for the first time in the history of cancer treatment, produced a durable response in a subset of melanoma patients. However, as this paper discussed next, there is still an unmet need for melanoma treatment. A significant population of patients did not respond to either BRAF inhibitors or immune checkpoint inhibitors. Of those patients who gained an initial response from those therapies, a remarkable percentage would develop drug resistance even when MEK inhibitors were added to the treatment. Finally, this paper discusses some possible targets for melanoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khanh B Tran
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, University of Auckland, New Zealand.,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Christina M Buchanan
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, University of Auckland, New Zealand.,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Peter R Shepherd
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, University of Auckland, New Zealand.,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Auckland, New Zealand.,Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, University of Auckland, New Zealand
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Specific Akt Family Members Impair Stress-Mediated Transactivation of Viral Promoters and Enhance Neuronal Differentiation: Important Functions for Maintaining Latency. J Virol 2020; 94:JVI.00901-20. [PMID: 32796067 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00901-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurotropic Alphaherpesvirinae subfamily members such as bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) and herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) establish and maintain lifelong latent infections in neurons. Following infection of ocular, oral, or nasal cavities, sensory neurons within trigeminal ganglia (TG) are an important site for latency. Certain external stressors can trigger reactivation from latency, in part because activation of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) stimulates productive infection and promoters that drive expression of key viral transcriptional regulators. The Akt serine/threonine protein kinase family is linked to maintaining latency. For example, Akt3 is detected in more TG neurons during BoHV-1 latency than in reactivation and uninfected calves. Furthermore, Akt signaling correlates with maintaining HSV-1 latency in certain neuronal models of latency. Finally, an active Akt protein kinase is crucial for the ability of the HSV-1 latency-associated transcript (LAT) to inhibit apoptosis in neuronal cell lines. Consequently, we hypothesized that viral and/or cellular factors impair stress-induced transcription and reduce the incidence of reactivation triggered by low levels of stress. New studies demonstrate that Akt1 and Akt2, but not Akt3, significantly reduced GR-mediated transactivation of the BoHV-1 immediate early transcription unit 1 (IEtu1) promoter, the HSV-1 infected cell protein 0 (ICP0) promoter, and the mouse mammary tumor virus long terminal repeat (MMTV-LTR). Akt3, but not Akt1 or Akt2, significantly enhanced neurite formation in mouse neuroblastoma cells, which correlates with repairing damaged neurons. These studies suggest that unique biological properties of the three Akt family members promote the maintenance of latency in differentiated neurons.IMPORTANCE External stressful stimuli are known to increase the incidence of reactivation of Alphaherpesvirinae subfamily members. Activation of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) by the synthetic corticosteroid dexamethasone (DEX) stimulates bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) and herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) reactivation. Furthermore, GR and dexamethasone stimulate productive infection and promoters that drive expression of viral transcriptional regulators. These observations lead us to predict that stress-induced transcription is impaired by factors abundantly expressed during latency. Interestingly, activation of the Akt family of serine/threonine protein kinases is linked to maintenance of latency. New studies reveal that Akt1 and Ak2, but not Akt3, impaired GR- and dexamethasone-mediated transactivation of the BoHV-1 immediate early transcription unit 1 and HSV-1 ICP0 promoters. Strikingly, Akt3, but not Akt1 or Akt2, stimulated neurite formation in mouse neuroblastoma cells, a requirement for neurogenesis. These studies provide insight into how Akt family members may promote the maintenance of lifelong latency.
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Chakravarty D, Huang L, Kahn M, Tewari AK. Immunotherapy for Metastatic Prostate Cancer: Current and Emerging Treatment Options. Urol Clin North Am 2020; 47:487-510. [PMID: 33008499 DOI: 10.1016/j.ucl.2020.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The advent of immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer treatment. Prostate cancer has an immunosuppressive microenvironment and a low tumor mutation burden, resulting in low neoantigen expression. The consensus was that immunotherapy would be less effective in prostate cancer. However, recent studies have reported that prostate cancer does have a high number of DNA damage and repair gene defects. Immunotherapies that have been tested in prostate cancer so far have been mainly vaccines and checkpoint inhibitors. A combination of genomically targeted therapies, with approaches to alleviate immune response and thereby make the tumor microenvironment immunologically hot, is promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimple Chakravarty
- Department of Urology and the Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
| | - Li Huang
- Department of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA; Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Matthew Kahn
- Department of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ashutosh K Tewari
- Department of Urology and the Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
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Roßwag S, Thiede G, Sleeman JP, Thaler S. RASSF1A Suppresses Estrogen-Dependent Breast Cancer Cell Growth through Inhibition of the Yes-Associated Protein 1 (YAP1), Inhibition of the Forkhead Box Protein M1 (FOXM1), and Activation of Forkhead Box Transcription Factor 3A (FOXO3A). Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12092689. [PMID: 32967092 PMCID: PMC7566002 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) is expressed by the majority of breast cancers and plays an important role in breast cancer development and tumor outgrowth. Although ERα is well known to be a specific and efficient therapeutic target, the molecular mechanisms that are responsible for the control of ERα expression and function in the context of breast cancer initiation and progression are complex and not completely elucidated. In previous work, we have demonstrated that the tumor suppressor RASSF1A inhibits ERα expression and function in ERα-positive breast cancer cells through an AKT-dependent mechanism. Transcriptional activators such as forkhead box protein M1 (FOXM1) and forkhead transcription factor 3A (FOXO3A) and signaling pathways such as the Hippo pathway are also known to modulate ERα expression and activity. Here we report that RASSF1A acts as an inhibitor of ERα-driven breast cancer cell growth through a complex, hierarchically organized network that initially involves suppression of the Hippo effector Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1), which is followed by inhibition of AKT1 activity, increased FOXO3A activity as well as a blockade of FOXM1 and ERα expression. Together our findings provide important new mechanistic insights into how the loss of RASSF1A contributes to ERα+ breast cancer initiation and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Roßwag
- European Center for Angioscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; (S.R.); (G.T.); (J.P.S.)
| | - Gitta Thiede
- European Center for Angioscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; (S.R.); (G.T.); (J.P.S.)
| | - Jonathan P. Sleeman
- European Center for Angioscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; (S.R.); (G.T.); (J.P.S.)
- KIT Campus Nord, Institute for Toxicology and Genetics, 76344 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Sonja Thaler
- European Center for Angioscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; (S.R.); (G.T.); (J.P.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-621-383-71599; Fax: +49-621-383-71451
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Cellular and Molecular Progression of Prostate Cancer: Models for Basic and Preclinical Research. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12092651. [PMID: 32957478 PMCID: PMC7563251 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The molecular progression of prostate cancer is complex and elusive. Biological research relies heavily on in vitro and in vivo models that can be used to examine gene functions and responses to the external agents in laboratory and preclinical settings. Over the years, several models have been developed and found to be very helpful in understanding the biology of prostate cancer. Here we describe these models in the context of available information on the cellular and molecular progression of prostate cancer to suggest their potential utility in basic and preclinical prostate cancer research. The information discussed herein should serve as a hands-on resource for scholars engaged in prostate cancer research or to those who are making a transition to explore the complex biology of prostate cancer. Abstract We have witnessed noteworthy progress in our understanding of prostate cancer over the past decades. This basic knowledge has been translated into efficient diagnostic and treatment approaches leading to the improvement in patient survival. However, the molecular pathogenesis of prostate cancer appears to be complex, and histological findings often do not provide an accurate assessment of disease aggressiveness and future course. Moreover, we also witness tremendous racial disparity in prostate cancer incidence and clinical outcomes necessitating a deeper understanding of molecular and mechanistic bases of prostate cancer. Biological research heavily relies on model systems that can be easily manipulated and tested under a controlled experimental environment. Over the years, several cancer cell lines have been developed representing diverse molecular subtypes of prostate cancer. In addition, several animal models have been developed to demonstrate the etiological molecular basis of the prostate cancer. In recent years, patient-derived xenograft and 3-D culture models have also been created and utilized in preclinical research. This review is an attempt to succinctly discuss existing information on the cellular and molecular progression of prostate cancer. We also discuss available model systems and their tested and potential utility in basic and preclinical prostate cancer research.
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Zhang XY, Mao L. Circular RNA Circ_0000442 acts as a sponge of MiR-148b-3p to suppress breast cancer via PTEN/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Gene 2020; 766:145113. [PMID: 32891771 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.145113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer remains the most common malignancy in women worldwide. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a newly validated type of endogenous non-coding RNAs and accumulating evidence suggests that aberrant circRNAs are involved in disease pathogenesis. However, the function of circRNAs in breast cancer remains largely unknown. This study is aimed to characterize the potential role and mechanism of hsa_circ_0000442 (circ_0000442) in breast cancer. The human breast epithelial cell line (MCF-10A), breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7, T47D, BT474, SK-BR-3, MDA-MB-231, SUM-1315) and the Balb/C Nude mice were used for exploration, and the qRT-PCR, western blot, dual-luciferase reporter assay, glo assay, colony formation assay, and tumor xenograft were carried out for investigation. In this study, the results showed a lower expression of circ_0000442 in breast cancer tumor tissues compared with the adjacent normal tissues. Subsequently, circ_0000442 was found to acted as the sponge of miR-148b-3p in breast cancer cells, thus exerting the tumor-suppressive effects. In the subsequent mechanism study, results showed that miR-148b-3p directly targeted PTEN, a well-known tumor suppressor which negatively regulats PI3K/Akt pathway, thus promoting tumor growth in breast cancer. Overall, this study for the first time identified the tumor-suppressive role of circ_0000442 in breast cancer and found PTEN as a novel direct target of miR-148b-3p. The regulatory role of circ_0000442/miR-148b-3p/PTEN/PI3K/Akt axis was preliminarily confirmed in breast cancer cells and mouse models. These findings suggest an important progress in our standing of breast cancer and lay the foundation for the further function, diagnosis, therapy and prognosis research of circular RNAs in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ling Mao
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, the Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, the Second People's Hospital of Huai'an, No. 62, Huaihai Road (S.), Huai'an 223002, China.
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Bertolini I, Ghosh JC, Kossenkov AV, Mulugu S, Krishn SR, Vaira V, Qin J, Plow EF, Languino LR, Altieri DC. Small Extracellular Vesicle Regulation of Mitochondrial Dynamics Reprograms a Hypoxic Tumor Microenvironment. Dev Cell 2020; 55:163-177.e6. [PMID: 32780991 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2020.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The crosstalk between tumor cells and the adjacent normal epithelium contributes to cancer progression, but its regulators have remained elusive. Here, we show that breast cancer cells maintained in hypoxia release small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) that activate mitochondrial dynamics, stimulate mitochondrial movements, and promote organelle accumulation at the cortical cytoskeleton in normal mammary epithelial cells. This results in AKT serine/threonine kinase (Akt) activation, membrane focal adhesion turnover, and increased epithelial cell migration. RNA sequencing profiling identified integrin-linked kinase (ILK) as the most upregulated pathway in sEV-treated epithelial cells, and genetic or pharmacologic targeting of ILK reversed mitochondrial reprogramming and suppressed sEV-induced cell movements. In a three-dimensional (3D) model of mammary gland morphogenesis, sEV treatment induced hallmarks of malignant transformation, with deregulated cell death and/or cell proliferation, loss of apical-basal polarity, and appearance of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers. Therefore, sEVs released by hypoxic breast cancer cells reprogram mitochondrial dynamics and induce oncogenic changes in a normal mammary epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Bertolini
- Prostate Cancer Discovery and Development Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Immunology, Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jagadish C Ghosh
- Prostate Cancer Discovery and Development Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Immunology, Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Andrew V Kossenkov
- Center for Systems and Computational Biology, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sudheer Mulugu
- Electron Microscopy Resource Laboratory, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Shiv Ram Krishn
- Prostate Cancer Discovery and Development Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Valentina Vaira
- Division of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan 20122, Italy; Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan 20122, Italy
| | - Jun Qin
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Edward F Plow
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Lucia R Languino
- Prostate Cancer Discovery and Development Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Dario C Altieri
- Prostate Cancer Discovery and Development Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Immunology, Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Li J, Jiang D, Zhang Q, Peng S, Liao G, Yang X, Tang J, Xiong H, Pang J. MiR-301a Promotes Cell Proliferation by Repressing PTEN in Renal Cell Carcinoma. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:4309-4320. [PMID: 32606927 PMCID: PMC7294045 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s253533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) displays an increasing incidence and mortality rate worldwide in recent years. More and more evidence demonstrated microRNAs function as positive or negative regulatory factors in many cancers, while the role of miR-301a in RCC is still unclear. Material and Methods The expression and clinical significance of miR-301a were assessed via bioinformatic software on open microarray datasets of the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and then confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) in RCC cell lines. Loss of function assays were performed in RCC cell lines both in vitro and in vivo. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), flow cytometry, luciferase reporter assays, Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry were employed to explore the mechanisms of the effect of miR-301a on RCC. Results By analyzing RCC clinical specimens and cell lines, we found a uniform increased miR-301a in expression in comparison with normal renal tissue or normal human proximal tubule epithelial cell line (HK-2). In addition, miR-301a upregulation correlated advanced stage and poor prognosis of clear cell RCC (ccRCC). Anti-miR-301a could inhibit growth and cell cycle G1/S transition in RCC cell lines. Moreover, we found that PTEN was identified as a direct target of miR-301a that might partially interrupt miR-301a-induced G1/S transition. Importantly, nude-mouse models revealed that knockdown of miR-301a delayed tumor growth. Conclusion These results indicate that miR-301a functions as a tumor-promoting miRNA through regulating PTEN expression, representing a novel therapeutic target for RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- Department of Urology, Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, People's Republic of China
| | - Donggen Jiang
- Department of Urology, Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, People's Republic of China
| | - Shubin Peng
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, People's Republic of China
| | - Guolong Liao
- Department of Urology, Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangwei Yang
- Department of Urology, Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiani Tang
- Department of Urology, Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyun Xiong
- Department of Urology, Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Pang
- Department of Urology, Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, People's Republic of China
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AKT Regulates Mitotic Progression of Mammalian Cells by Phosphorylating MASTL, Leading to Protein Phosphatase 2A Inactivation. Mol Cell Biol 2020; 40:MCB.00366-18. [PMID: 32123010 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00366-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Microtubule-associated serine/threonine kinase like (MASTL), also known as Greatwall (Gwl) kinase, has an important role in the regulation of mitosis. By inhibiting protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), it plays a crucial role in activating one of the most important mitotic kinases, known as cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1). MASTL has been seen to be upregulated in various types of cancers and is also involved in tumor recurrence. It is activated by CDK1 through phosphorylations in the activation/T-loop, but the complete mechanism of its activation is still unclear. Here, we report that AKT phosphorylates MASTL at residue T299, which plays a critical role in its activation. Our results suggest that AKT increases CDK1-mediated phosphorylation and hence the activity of MASTL, which, in turn, promotes mitotic progression through PP2A inhibition. We also show that the oncogenic potential of AKT is augmented by MASTL activation, since AKT-mediated proliferation in colorectal cell lines can be attenuated by inhibiting and/or silencing MASTL. In brief, we report that AKT plays an important role in the progression of mitosis in mammalian cells and that it does so through the phosphorylation and activation of MASTL.
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Ge MK, Zhang N, Xia L, Zhang C, Dong SS, Li ZM, Ji Y, Zheng MH, Sun J, Chen GQ, Shen SM. FBXO22 degrades nuclear PTEN to promote tumorigenesis. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1720. [PMID: 32249768 PMCID: PMC7136256 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15578-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear localization of PTEN is essential for its tumor suppressive role, and loss of nuclear PTEN is more prominent than cytoplasmic PTEN in many kinds of cancers. However, nuclear PTEN-specific regulatory mechanisms were rarely reported. Based on the finding that nuclear PTEN is more unstable than cytoplasmic PTEN, here we identify that F-box only protein 22 (FBXO22) induces ubiquitylation of nuclear but not cytoplasmic PTEN at lysine 221, which is responsible for the degradation of nuclear PTEN. FBXO22 plays a tumor-promoting role by ubiquitylating and degrading nuclear PTEN. In accordance, FBXO22 is overexpressed in various cancer types, and contributes to nuclear PTEN downregulation in colorectal cancer tissues. Cumulatively, our study reports the mechanism to specifically regulate the stability of nuclear PTEN, which would provide the opportunity for developing therapeutic strategies aiming to achieve complete reactivation of PTEN as a tumor suppressor. Loss of nuclear PTEN is associated with aggressive cancers. Here the authors show that nuclear PTEN is more susceptible to ubiquitin-mediated proteasomal degradation than cytoplasmic PTEN, and identify FBXO22 ubiquitinates and degrades nuclear PTEN to promote tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Kai Ge
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit (NO.2019RU043), Shanghai Cancer Institute, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025, Shanghai, China
| | - Na Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit (NO.2019RU043), Shanghai Cancer Institute, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Xia
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit (NO.2019RU043), Shanghai Cancer Institute, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit (NO.2019RU043), Shanghai Cancer Institute, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuang-Shu Dong
- Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200025, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhan-Ming Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit (NO.2019RU043), Shanghai Cancer Institute, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Ji
- Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200025, Shanghai, China
| | - Min-Hua Zheng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guo-Qiang Chen
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit (NO.2019RU043), Shanghai Cancer Institute, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025, Shanghai, China.
| | - Shao-Ming Shen
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit (NO.2019RU043), Shanghai Cancer Institute, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025, Shanghai, China.
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Králíčková M, Laganà AS, Ghezzi F, Vetvicka V. Endometriosis and risk of ovarian cancer: what do we know? Arch Gynecol Obstet 2019; 301:1-10. [DOI: 10.1007/s00404-019-05358-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Chebotarev DA, Makhotkin MA, Naboka AV, Tyutyakina MG, Cherkasova EN, Tarasov VA. Involvement of MicroRNAs in Regulation of Radioresistance of HeLa and DU145 Cells. RUSS J GENET+ 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795419090047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Atta IS. Study of the Association of Phosphatase and Tensin Homolog and p27 Expressions in Endometrial Hyperplasia and Carcinoma. J Microsc Ultrastruct 2019; 7:109-116. [PMID: 31548921 PMCID: PMC6753695 DOI: 10.4103/jmau.jmau_54_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) and p27 are commonly mutated gene in endometrial carcinoma (EC) and their association in development of EC has not been fully understood. The Aim of the Study: The aim is to clarify the association of PTEN and p27 in EC and their correlation with the histologic grade. Material and Methods: Paraffin-embedded 20 and 50 specimens representing EH and EC were collected, cut into 4 mm thick and stained with H&E stain for histopathological examination. All EC cases were graded according to the percentage of nonsquamous solid pattern into 3 grades. Immunohistochemical (IHC) analyses were done using a rabbit polyclonal anti-PTEN antibody and a rabbit monoclonal anti-p27 antibody. Evaluation of reactivity was categorized: 1+ (weak) = less than 10%, 2+ (moderate) = 11 to 50% and 3+ (strong) = more than 50% tumor. t-test, one way ANOVA and chi-square test were used in the statistical analysis. Results: Loss of PTEN was seen in 7/20 (35%) and 29/50 (58%) of EH and EC cases with significance (P =0.01824), opposite to 17/20 (85%) and 25/50 (50%) of p27 (P = 0.00334). Both antibodies showed significance in EH cases only (P = 0.00019). No correlation with the histological grade for both antibodies. Four major categories were formulated; PTEN+/p27+ (n = 2, 14, 10%, 28%), PTEN+/p27- (n = 5, 7; 25% and 14%), PTEN-/p27+ (n = 1, 11; 5%, 22%) PTEN-/p27- (n = 12, 18; 60%, 36%) cases of EH and EC, respectively with no significant difference obtained. Conclusion: Not all cases of PTEN negative EC showing p27 loss and vice versa. Despite many studies reacted with PTEN and p27 expression in EC, none of them is confirmatory to adjust the correlation between them in EC. So, more studies must be done to correlate between the degree of PTEN loss and p27 comprising all subtypes and grading of EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ihab Shafek Atta
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Assuit, Al-Azhar University, Egypt
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Sun Z, Lu J, Wu M, Li M, Bai L, Shi Z, Hao L, Wu Y. Deficiency of PTEN leads to aberrant chromosome segregation through downregulation of MAD2. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:4235-4243. [PMID: 31545428 PMCID: PMC6797992 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Proper spindle formation and accurate chromosome segregation are essential for ensuring mitotic fidelity. Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) is a multifunctional protein, which is able to maintain the stability of the genome and chromosomes. The present study described an essential role of PTEN in regulating chromosome segregation to prevent gross genomic instability via regulation of mitotic arrest deficient 2 (MAD2). PTEN knockdown induced cell cycle arrest and abnormal chromosome segregation, which manifested as the formation of anaphase bridges, lagging chromosomes and premature chromatid separation. In addition, MAD2 was identified as a potential target of PTEN. Furthermore, the present study revealed that PTEN knockdown resulted in MAD2 degradation via the ubiquitin-proteasomal pathway, while restoration of MAD2 expression partially ameliorated the mitotic defects induced by PTEN loss. The results from the present study proposed a novel mechanism by which PTEN maintains chromosome stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Sun
- Department of Pathology, Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, P.R. China
| | - Jinqi Lu
- Department of Pathology, Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, P.R. China
| | - Muyu Wu
- Department of Pathology, Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, P.R. China
| | - Mingyan Li
- Department of Pathology, Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, P.R. China
| | - Lu Bai
- Department of Pathology, Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, P.R. China
| | - Zhenduo Shi
- Department of Urology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221009, P.R. China
| | - Lin Hao
- Department of Urology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221009, P.R. China
| | - Yongping Wu
- Department of Pathology, Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, P.R. China
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