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Lu Y, Zhao Y, Gao C, Suresh S, Men J, Sawyers A, Smith GL. HDAC5 enhances IRF3 activation and is targeted for degradation by protein C6 from orthopoxviruses including Monkeypox virus and Variola virus. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113788. [PMID: 38461415 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) regulate gene expression and innate immunity. Previously, we showed that HDAC5 is degraded during Vaccinia virus (VACV) infection and is a restriction factor for VACV and herpes simplex virus type 1. Here, we report that HDAC5 promotes interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) activation downstream of Toll-IL-1 receptor (TIR) domain-containing adaptor molecule-1 or Sendai virus-mediated stimulation without requiring HDAC activity. Loss of HDAC5-mediated IRF3 activation is restored by re-introduction of HDAC5 but not HDAC1 or HDAC4. The antiviral activity of HDAC5 is antagonized by VACV protein C6 and orthologs from the orthopoxviruses cowpox, rabbitpox, camelpox, monkeypox, and variola. Infection by many of these viruses induces proteasomal degradation of HDAC5, and expression of C6 alone can induce HDAC5 degradation. Mechanistically, C6 binds to the dimerization domain of HDAC5 and prevents homodimerization and heterodimerization with HDAC4. Overall, this study describes HDAC5 as a positive regulator of IRF3 activation and provides mechanistic insight into how the poxviral protein C6 binds to HDAC5 to antagonize its function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxu Lu
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK; Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences-Oxford Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Yiqi Zhao
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK; Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences-Oxford Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Chen Gao
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK
| | - Shreehari Suresh
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK
| | - Jinghao Men
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK
| | - Amelia Sawyers
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK
| | - Geoffrey L Smith
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK; Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK; The Pirbright Institute, Surrey, UK; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences-Oxford Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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2
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Agosto LM, Mallory MJ, Ferretti MB, Blake D, Krick KS, Gazzara MR, Garcia BA, Lynch KW. Alternative splicing of HDAC7 regulates its interaction with 14-3-3 proteins to alter histone marks and target gene expression. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112273. [PMID: 36933216 PMCID: PMC10113009 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromatin regulation and alternative splicing are both critical mechanisms guiding gene expression. Studies have demonstrated that histone modifications can influence alternative splicing decisions, but less is known about how alternative splicing may impact chromatin. Here, we demonstrate that several genes encoding histone-modifying enzymes are alternatively spliced downstream of T cell signaling pathways, including HDAC7, a gene previously implicated in controlling gene expression and differentiation in T cells. Using CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing and cDNA expression, we show that differential inclusion of HDAC7 exon 9 controls the interaction of HDAC7 with protein chaperones, resulting in changes to histone modifications and gene expression. Notably, the long isoform, which is induced by the RNA-binding protein CELF2, promotes expression of several critical T cell surface proteins including CD3, CD28, and CD69. Thus, we demonstrate that alternative splicing of HDAC7 has a global impact on histone modification and gene expression that contributes to T cell development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Agosto
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Michael J Mallory
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Max B Ferretti
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Davia Blake
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Immunology Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Keegan S Krick
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Matthew R Gazzara
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Genomic and Computational Biology Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Benjamin A Garcia
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kristen W Lynch
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Immunology Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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3
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Iwata T, Kaneda-Ikeda E, Takahashi K, Takeda K, Nagahara T, Kajiya M, Sasaki S, Ishida S, Yoshioka M, Matsuda S, Ouhara K, Fujita T, Kurihara H, Mizuno N. Regulation of osteogenesis in bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells via histone deacetylase 1 and 2 co-cultured with human gingival fibroblasts and periodontal ligament cells. J Periodontal Res 2023; 58:83-96. [PMID: 36346011 DOI: 10.1111/jre.13070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to determine the regulatory mechanism of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell (BM-MSC) differentiation mediated by humoral factors derived from human periodontal ligament (HPL) cells and human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs). We analyzed histone deacetylase (HDAC) expression and activity involved in BM-MSC differentiation and determined their regulatory effects in co-cultures of BM-MSCs with HPL cells or HGFs. BACKGROUND BM-MSCs can differentiate into various cell types and can, thus, be used in periodontal regenerative therapy. However, the mechanism underlying their differentiation remains unclear. Transplanted BM-MSCs are affected by periodontal cells via direct contact or secretion of humoral factors. Therefore, their activity is regulated by humoral factors derived from HPL cells or HGFs. METHODS BM-MSCs were indirectly co-cultured with HPL cells or HGFs under osteogenic or growth conditions and then analyzed for osteogenesis, HDAC1 and HDAC2 expression and activity, and histone H3 acetylation. BM-MSCs were treated with trichostatin A, or their HDAC1 or HDAC2 expression was silenced or overexpressed during osteogenesis. Subsequently, they were evaluated for osteogenesis or the effects of HDAC activity. RESULTS BM-MSCs co-cultured with HPL cells or HGFs showed suppressed osteogenesis, HDAC1 and HDAC2 expression, and HDAC phosphorylation; however, histone H3 acetylation was enhanced. Trichostatin A treatment remarkably suppressed osteogenesis, decreasing HDAC expression and enhancing histone H3 acetylation. HDAC1 and HDAC2 silencing negatively regulated osteogenesis in BM-MSCs to the same extent as that achieved by indirect co-culture with HPL cells or HGFs. Conversely, their overexpression positively regulated osteogenesis in BM-MSCs. CONCLUSION The suppressive effects of HPL cells and HGFs on BM-MSC osteogenesis were regulated by HDAC expression and histone H3 acetylation to a greater extent than that mediated by HDAC activity. Therefore, regulation of HDAC expression has prospects in clinical applications for effective periodontal regeneration, mainly, bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Iwata
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Eri Kaneda-Ikeda
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Keita Takahashi
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Takeda
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan.,Department of Biological Endodontics, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Nagahara
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Mikihito Kajiya
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan.,Center of Oral Clinical Examination, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Shinya Sasaki
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Shu Ishida
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Minami Yoshioka
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Shinji Matsuda
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Ouhara
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Fujita
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hidemi Kurihara
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Noriyoshi Mizuno
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
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4
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Chervy M, Sivignon A, Dambrine F, Buisson A, Sauvanet P, Godfraind C, Allez M, Le Bourhis L, The Remind Group, Barnich N, Denizot J. Epigenetic master regulators HDAC1 and HDAC5 control pathobiont Enterobacteria colonization in ileal mucosa of Crohn's disease patients. Gut Microbes 2022; 14:2127444. [PMID: 36175163 PMCID: PMC9542275 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2022.2127444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
AIEC Adherent-Invasive Escherichia coli; BSA Bovine serum albumin; CD Crohn's disease; CEABAC10 Carcinoembryonic antigen bacterial artificial chromosome 10; CEACAM Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule; FBS Fetal bovine serum; IBD Inflammatory Bowel Disease; HAT Histone acetyltransferase; HDAC Histone deacetylase; kDa KiloDalton; SAHA Suberoylanilide Hydroxamic Acid; Scr Scramble.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélissa Chervy
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm U1071, USC-INRAE 2018, Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l'Hôte (M2iSH), Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Adeline Sivignon
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm U1071, USC-INRAE 2018, Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l'Hôte (M2iSH), Clermont-Ferrand, France,Institut Universitaire de Technologie, Génie Biologique, Aubière, France
| | - Flavie Dambrine
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm U1071, USC-INRAE 2018, Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l'Hôte (M2iSH), Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Anthony Buisson
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm U1071, USC-INRAE 2018, Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l'Hôte (M2iSH), Clermont-Ferrand, France,Gastroenterology Department, CHU Estaing, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Pierre Sauvanet
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm U1071, USC-INRAE 2018, Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l'Hôte (M2iSH), Clermont-Ferrand, France,Surgery and Oncology Digestive Department, CHU Estaing, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Catherine Godfraind
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm U1071, USC-INRAE 2018, Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l'Hôte (M2iSH), Clermont-Ferrand, France,Neuropathology Unit, CHU Gabriel Montpied, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Matthieu Allez
- Gastroenterology Department, Hôpital Saint-Louis - APHP, Paris, France,Université De Paris, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, EMily, INSERM U1160, Paris, France,Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - Lionel Le Bourhis
- Université De Paris, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, EMily, INSERM U1160, Paris, France
| | | | - Nicolas Barnich
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm U1071, USC-INRAE 2018, Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l'Hôte (M2iSH), Clermont-Ferrand, France,Institut Universitaire de Technologie, Génie Biologique, Aubière, France
| | - Jérémy Denizot
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm U1071, USC-INRAE 2018, Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l'Hôte (M2iSH), Clermont-Ferrand, France,Institut Universitaire de Technologie, Génie Biologique, Aubière, France,CONTACT Jérémy Denizot M2iSH, UMR 1071 Inserm/Université Clermont Auvergne, CBRV, 28 place Henri Dunant, Clermont-Ferrand63001, France
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5
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Pant R, Alam A, Choksi A, Shah VK, Firmal P, Chattopadhyay S. Chromatin remodeling protein SMAR1 regulates adipogenesis by modulating the expression of PPARγ. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2021; 1866:159045. [PMID: 34450266 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2021.159045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Adipogenesis is described as the process of conversion of pre-adipocytes into differentiated lipid-laden adipocytes. Adipogenesis is known to be regulated by a myriad of transcription factors and co-regulators. However, there is a dearth of information regarding the mechanisms that regulate these transcription factors and hence control adipogenesis. PPARγ is the master transcriptional regulator of adipogenesis and its expression is essential for adipocyte differentiation. Herein, we identified that scaffold/matrix attachment region-binding protein 1 (SMAR1) negatively regulates adipogenesis. We observed that SMAR1 gets downregulated during adipocyte differentiation and knockdown of SMAR1 promotes lipid accumulation and adipocyte differentiation. Mechanistically, we have shown that SMAR1 suppresses PPARγ through recruitment of the HDAC1/mSin3a repressor complex to the PPARγ promoter. We further identified cell division cycle 20 (cdc20) mediated proteasomal degradation of SMAR1 during adipogenesis. Moreover, knockdown of cdc20 resulted in stabilization of SMAR1 and a reduction in adipocyte differentiation. Taken together, our observations suggest that SMAR1 functions as a negative regulator of adipogenesis by inhibiting PPARγ expression in differentiating adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Pant
- National Centre for Cell Science, S P Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411007, India.
| | - Aftab Alam
- National Centre for Cell Science, S P Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411007, India; Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14203, United States of America
| | - Arpankumar Choksi
- National Centre for Cell Science, S P Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411007, India
| | - Vibhuti Kumar Shah
- National Centre for Cell Science, S P Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411007, India
| | - Priyanka Firmal
- National Centre for Cell Science, S P Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411007, India
| | - Samit Chattopadhyay
- National Centre for Cell Science, S P Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411007, India; Department of Biological Sciences, BITS Pilani, K. K. Birla Goa Campus, NH 17B, Zuarinagar, Goa 403726, India; Indian Institute of Chemical Biology; 4, Raja S C Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India.
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6
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Wu HC, Rérolle D, de Thé H. PML/RARA destabilization by hyperthermia: a new model for oncogenic fusion protein degradation? Blood Cancer Discov 2021; 2:300-301. [PMID: 34230915 PMCID: PMC7611121 DOI: 10.1158/2643-3230.bcd-21-0071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this issue, Maimaitiyiming and colleagues demonstrate thermic stress-induced PML/RARA oncogenic fusion protein destabilization driven by corepressor aggregation. Hyperthermia synergizes with PML/RARA degradation by ATO and may circumvent ATO-resistance in historical APL patients. This novel approach could be extended to other corepressor-associated oncogenic fusion proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin Chieh Wu
- Collège de France, Oncologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, PSL University, INSERM UMR 1050, CNRS UMR 7241, Paris, France
- INSERM UMR 944, CNRS UMR 7212, Université de Paris, IRSL, Hôpital St. Louis, Paris, France
| | - Domitille Rérolle
- Collège de France, Oncologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, PSL University, INSERM UMR 1050, CNRS UMR 7241, Paris, France
- INSERM UMR 944, CNRS UMR 7212, Université de Paris, IRSL, Hôpital St. Louis, Paris, France
| | - Hugues de Thé
- Collège de France, Oncologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, PSL University, INSERM UMR 1050, CNRS UMR 7241, Paris, France.
- INSERM UMR 944, CNRS UMR 7212, Université de Paris, IRSL, Hôpital St. Louis, Paris, France
- Department of Hematology, Hôpital Saint Louis (Assistance publique Hôpitaux de Paris) and Paris University, Paris, France
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7
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Yang H, Chen L, Sun Q, Yao F, Muhammad S, Sun C. The role of HDAC11 in obesity-related metabolic disorders: A critical review. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:5582-5591. [PMID: 33481312 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
At present, metabolic diseases, such as obesity and diabetes, have become the world's top health threats. These diseases are closely related to the abnormal development and function of adipocytes and metabolic inflammation associated with obesity. Histone deacetylase 11 (HDAC11), with a relatively unique structure and function in the HDAC family, plays a vital role in regulating cell growth, migration, and cell death. Currently, research on new key regulatory functions of HDAC11 in metabolic homeostasis is receiving more and more attention, and HDAC11 has also become a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of obesity and obesity-related diseases. Here, we summarized the latest literature on the role of HDAC11 in regulating the progress of obesity-related metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lingling Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qian Sun
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fangyao Yao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Saeed Muhammad
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Animal Production and Technology, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Chao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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8
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Nuclear-cytoplasmic shuttling of class IIa histone deacetylases regulates somatic cell reprogramming. CELL REGENERATION 2019; 8:21-29. [PMID: 31205685 PMCID: PMC6557759 DOI: 10.1016/j.cr.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2018] [Revised: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Class IIa histone deacetylases (HDACs) are a subfamily of HDACs with important functions in development and adult tissue homeostasis. As opposed to other HDACs, they lack catalytic function and bind transcription factors to recruit transcriptional co-regulators, mostly co-repressors such as nuclear receptor co-repressor (NCoR)/silencing mediator of retinoid and thyroid hormone receptor (SMRT). Class IIa HDACs enhance mouse somatic cell reprogramming to induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) by repressing the function of the pro-mesenchymal transcription factor myocyte enhancer factor 2 (MEF2), which is upregulated during this process. Here, we describe, using HDAC4 and 7 as examples, that class IIa HDACs exhibit nuclear-cytoplasmic trafficking in reprogramming, being mostly cytoplasmic in donor fibroblasts and intermediate cells but translocating to the nucleus in iPSCs. Importantly, over-expressing a mutant form of HDAC4 or 7 that becomes trapped in the nucleus enhances the early phase of reprogramming but is deleterious afterwards. The latter effect is mediated through binding to the exogenous reprogramming factors at pluripotency loci, and the subsequent recruitment of NCoR/SMRT co-repressors. Thus, our findings uncover a context-dependent function of class IIa HDACs in reprogramming and further reinforce the idea that recruitment of co-repressors by the exogenous factors is a major obstacle for reactivating the pluripotency network in this process.
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9
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Yin X, Wu Q, Monga J, Xie E, Wang H, Wang S, Zhang H, Wang ZY, Zhou T, Shi Y, Rogers J, Lin H, Min J, Wang F. HDAC1 Governs Iron Homeostasis Independent of Histone Deacetylation in Iron-Overload Murine Models. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 28:1224-1237. [PMID: 29113455 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Iron-overload disorders are common and could lead to significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Due to limited treatment options, there is a great need to develop novel strategies to remove the excess body iron. To discover potential epigenetic modulator in hepcidin upregulation and subsequently decreasing iron burden, we performed an epigenetic screen. The in vivo effects of the identified compounds were further tested in iron-overload mouse models, including Hfe-/-, Hjv-/-, and hepatocyte-specific Smad4 knockout (Smad4fl/fl;Alb-Cre+) mice. RESULTS Entinostat (MS-275), the clinical used histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) inhibitor, was identified the most potent hepcidin agonist. Consistently, Hdac1-deficient mice also presented higher hepcidin levels than wild-type controls. Notably, the long-term treatment with entinostat in Hfe-/- mice significantly alleviated iron overload through upregulating hepcidin transcription. In contrast, entinostat showed no effect on hepcidin expression and iron levels in Smad4fl/fl;Alb-Cre+ mice. Further mechanistic studies revealed that HDAC1 suppressed expression of hepcidin through interacting with SMAD4 rather than deacetylation of SMAD4 or histone-H3 on the hepcidin promoter. INNOVATION The findings uncovered HDAC1 as a novel hepcidin suppressor through complexing with SMAD4 but not deacetylation of either histone 3 or SMAD4. In addition, our study suggested a novel implication of entinostat in treating iron-overload disorders. CONCLUSIONS Based on our results, we conclude that entinostat strongly activated hepcidin in vivo and in vitro. HDAC1 could serve as a novel hepcidin suppressor by binding to SMAD4, effect of which is independent of BMP/SMAD1/5/8 signaling. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 28, 1224-1237.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangju Yin
- 1 College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University ; The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, China .,2 Department of Nutrition, Precision Nutrition Innovation Center, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou, China .,3 Institute of Resources and Environment, Henan Polytechnic University , Jiaozuo, China
| | - Qian Wu
- 1 College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University ; The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, China .,2 Department of Nutrition, Precision Nutrition Innovation Center, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jitender Monga
- 1 College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University ; The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, China
| | - Enjun Xie
- 1 College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University ; The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, China
| | - Hao Wang
- 1 College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University ; The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, China .,2 Department of Nutrition, Precision Nutrition Innovation Center, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shufen Wang
- 1 College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University ; The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, China
| | - Huizhen Zhang
- 2 Department of Nutrition, Precision Nutrition Innovation Center, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhan-You Wang
- 1 College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University ; The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, China
| | - Tianhua Zhou
- 1 College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University ; The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, China
| | - Yujun Shi
- 4 Laboratory of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu, China
| | - Jack Rogers
- 5 Neurochemistry Laboratory, Departments of Psychiatry and Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Charlestown, Massachusetts
| | - Hening Lin
- 6 Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York
| | - Junxia Min
- 1 College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University ; The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, China
| | - Fudi Wang
- 1 College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University ; The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, China .,2 Department of Nutrition, Precision Nutrition Innovation Center, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou, China
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10
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Lei Y, Liu L, Zhang S, Guo S, Li X, Wang J, Su B, Fang Y, Chen X, Ke H, Tao W. Hdac7 promotes lung tumorigenesis by inhibiting Stat3 activation. Mol Cancer 2017; 16:170. [PMID: 29126425 PMCID: PMC5681774 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-017-0736-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death worldwide. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying lung cancer development have not been fully understood. The functions of histone deacetylases (HDACs), a class of total eighteen proteins (HDAC1–11 and SIRT1–7 in mammals) that deacetylate histones and non-histone proteins, in cancers are largely unknown. Methods Hdac7+/−/K-Ras mice and HDAC7-depleted human lung cancer cell lines were used as models for studying the function of Hdac7 gene in lung cancer. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was performed to explore the relationship between HDAC7 expression and prognosis of human lung cancers. Recombinant lentivirus-mediated in vivo gene expression or knockdown, Western blotting, and pull-down assay were applied to investigate the underlying molecular mechanism by which Hdac7 promotes lung tumorigenesis. Results The number and burden of lung tumor were dramatically reduced in Hdac7+/−/K-Ras mice compared to control K-Ras mice. Also, in Hdac7+/−/K-Ras mice, cell proliferation was significantly inhibited and apoptosis in lung tumors was greatly enhanced. Similarly, cell proliferation and anchorage-independent growth of human lung cancer cell lines expressing shHDAC7 were also significantly suppressed and apoptosis was dramatically elevated respectively. Mechanistic study revealed that Hdac7 mutation in mouse lung tumors or HDAC7 depletion in human tumor cell lines resulted in significantly enhanced acetylation and tyrosine-phosphorylation of Stat3 and HDAC7 protein directly interacted with and deacetylateed STAT3. The Hdac7 mutant-mediated inhibitory effects on lung tumorigenesis in mice and cell proliferation/soft agar colony formation of human lung cancer cell lines were respectively reversed by expressing dnStat3. Finally, the high HDAC7 mRNA level was found to be correlated with poor prognosis of human lung cancer patients. Conclusion Our study suggests that Hdac7 promotes lung tumorigenesis by inhibiting Stat3 activation via deacetylating Stat3 and may shed a light on the design of new therapeutic strategies for human lung cancer. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12943-017-0736-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubin Lei
- Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital and State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Institute of Developmental Biology and Molecular Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingling Liu
- Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital and State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Institute of Developmental Biology and Molecular Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shujing Zhang
- Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital and State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Institute of Developmental Biology and Molecular Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shicheng Guo
- MOE Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology and Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoqing Li
- Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital and State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Institute of Developmental Biology and Molecular Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiucun Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology and Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Su
- Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuchao Fang
- Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaofeng Chen
- Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Hengning Ke
- Cancer Research Institute, General Hospital, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.
| | - Wufan Tao
- Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital and State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Institute of Developmental Biology and Molecular Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. .,Cancer Research Institute, General Hospital, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.
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11
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Abstract
More than 20% of adults worldwide experience different types of chronic pain, which are frequently associated with several comorbidities and a decrease in quality of life. Several approved painkillers are available, but current analgesics are often hampered by insufficient efficacy and/or severe adverse effects. Consequently, novel strategies for safe, highly efficacious treatments are highly desirable, particularly for chronic pain. Epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation, histone modifications and microRNAs (miRNAs) strongly affect the regulation of gene expression, potentially for long periods over years or even generations, and have been associated with pathophysiological pain. Several studies, mostly in animals, revealed that inhibitors of DNA methylation, activators and inhibitors of histone modification and modulators of miRNAs reverse a number of pathological changes in the pain epigenome, which are associated with altered expression of pain-relevant genes. This epigenetic modulation might then reduce the nociceptive response and provide novel therapeutic options for analgesic therapy of chronic pain states. However, a number of challenges, such as nonspecific effects and poor delivery to target cells and tissues, hinder the rapid development of such analgesics. In this Review, we critically summarize data on epigenetics and pain, focusing on challenges in clinical development as well as possible new approaches to the drug modulation of the pain epigenome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Niederberger
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, Zentrum für Arzneimittelforschung Entwicklung und Sicherheit (ZAFES), Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Theodor Stern Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Eduard Resch
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Project Group for Translational Medicine &Pharmacology, Theodor Stern Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Michael J Parnham
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Project Group for Translational Medicine &Pharmacology, Theodor Stern Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Gerd Geisslinger
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, Zentrum für Arzneimittelforschung Entwicklung und Sicherheit (ZAFES), Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Theodor Stern Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Project Group for Translational Medicine &Pharmacology, Theodor Stern Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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12
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Audas TE, Hardy-Smith PW, Penney J, Taylor T, Lu R. Characterization of nuclear foci-targeting of Luman/CREB3 recruitment factor (LRF/CREBRF) and its potential role in inhibition of herpes simplex virus-1 replication. Eur J Cell Biol 2016; 95:611-622. [PMID: 28029379 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2016.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The recently identified Luman/CREB3-binding partner LRF (Luman/CREB3 recruitment factor) was shown to localize to discrete sub-nuclear foci. Luman is implicated in herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) latency/reactivation and the unfolded protein response (UPR) pathway; therefore, we sought to characterize the formation of the LRF nuclear foci in the context of cellular signaling and HSV-1 replication. Here, we mapped the nuclear foci-targeting sequence to the central region containing the first leucine zipper (a.a.415-519), and found that the integrity of the whole region appears essential for LRF foci formation. LRF foci integrity was unaffected by inhibition of cellular DNA replication and translation, however, disruption of transcription resulted in altered LRF localization. When compared to other cellular and viral foci LRF co-localized with the nuclear receptor co-activator GRIP1, while the HSV-1 gene products ICP4, ICP27 and VP13/14 disrupted foci formation to varying degrees. Interestingly, cells over-expressing LRF were resistant to productive HSV-1 infection and this resistance was dependent upon protein targeting and an N-terminal transactivation domain. When LRF knockdown cells were subjected to primary infection, HSV-1 gene expression and progeny virus yield were enhanced by ∼3 fold compared to wildtype cells. Taken together, these results indicate that LRF is a key regulator that may act direct or indirectly as a repressor of essential genes required for productive viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy E Audas
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada; Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, B.C., V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Philip W Hardy-Smith
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Jenna Penney
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Tiegh Taylor
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Ray Lu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada.
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13
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Taylor SE, Bagnall J, Mason D, Levy R, Fernig DG, See V. Differential sub-nuclear distribution of hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF)-1 and -2 alpha impacts on their stability and mobility. Open Biol 2016; 6:160195. [PMID: 27655733 PMCID: PMC5043584 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.160195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular adaptation to hypoxia occurs via a complex programme of gene expression mediated by the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF). The oxygen labile alpha subunits, HIF-1α/-2α, form a heterodimeric transcription factor with HIF-1β and modulate gene expression. HIF-1α and HIF-2α possess similar domain structure and bind to the same consensus sequence. However, they have different oxygen-dependent stability and activate distinct genes. To better understand these differences, we used fluorescent microscopy to determine precise localization and dynamics. We observed a homogeneous distribution of HIF-1α in the nucleus, while HIF-2α localized into speckles. We demonstrated that the number, size and mobility of HIF-2α speckles were independent of cellular oxygenation and that HIF-2α molecules were capable of exchanging between the speckles and nucleoplasm in an oxygen-independent manner. The concentration of HIF-2α into speckles may explain its increased stability compared with HIF-1α and its slower mobility may offer a mechanism for gene specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S E Taylor
- Department of Biochemistry, Centre for Cell Imaging, University of Liverpool, Institute of Integrated Biology, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - J Bagnall
- Department of Biochemistry, Centre for Cell Imaging, University of Liverpool, Institute of Integrated Biology, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - D Mason
- Department of Biochemistry, Centre for Cell Imaging, University of Liverpool, Institute of Integrated Biology, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - R Levy
- Department of Biochemistry, Centre for Cell Imaging, University of Liverpool, Institute of Integrated Biology, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - D G Fernig
- Department of Biochemistry, Centre for Cell Imaging, University of Liverpool, Institute of Integrated Biology, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - V See
- Department of Biochemistry, Centre for Cell Imaging, University of Liverpool, Institute of Integrated Biology, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
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14
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Guise AJ, Cristea IM. Approaches for Studying the Subcellular Localization, Interactions, and Regulation of Histone Deacetylase 5 (HDAC5). Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1436:47-84. [PMID: 27246208 PMCID: PMC5644287 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3667-0_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
As a member of the class IIa family of histone deacetylases, the histone deacetylase 5 (HDAC5) is known to undergo nuclear-cytoplasmic shuttling and to be a critical transcriptional regulator. Its misregulation has been linked to prominent human diseases, including cardiac diseases and tumorigenesis. In this chapter, we describe several experimental methods that have proven effective for studying the functions and regulatory features of HDAC5. We present methods for assessing the subcellular localization, protein interactions, posttranslational modifications (PTMs), and activity of HDAC5 from the standpoint of investigating either the endogenous protein or tagged protein forms in human cells. Specifically, given that at the heart of HDAC5 regulation lie its dynamic localization, interactions, and PTMs, we present methods for assessing HDAC5 localization in fixed and live cells, for isolating HDAC5-containing protein complexes to identify its interactions and modifications, and for determining how these PTMs map to predicted HDAC5 structural motifs. Lastly, we provide examples of approaches for studying HDAC5 functions with a focus on its regulation during cell-cycle progression. These methods can readily be adapted for the study of other HDACs or non-HDAC-proteins of interest. Individually, these techniques capture temporal and spatial snapshots of HDAC5 functions; yet together, these approaches provide powerful tools for investigating both the regulation and regulatory roles of HDAC5 in different cell contexts relevant to health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J Guise
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, 210 Lewis Thomas Laboratory, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | - Ileana M Cristea
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, 210 Lewis Thomas Laboratory, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA.
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15
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Itatani Y, Sonoshita M, Kakizaki F, Okawa K, Stifani S, Itoh H, Sakai Y, Taketo MM. Characterization of Aes nuclear foci in colorectal cancer cells. J Biochem 2015; 159:133-40. [PMID: 26229111 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvv077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Amino-terminal enhancer of split (Aes) is a member of Groucho/Transducin-like enhancer (TLE) family. Aes is a recently found metastasis suppressor of colorectal cancer (CRC) that inhibits Notch signalling, and forms nuclear foci together with TLE1. Although some Notch-associated proteins are known to form subnuclear bodies, little is known regarding the dynamics or functions of these structures. Here, we show that Aes nuclear foci in CRC observed under an electron microscope are in a rather amorphous structure, lacking surrounding membrane. Investigation of their behaviour during the cell cycle by time-lapse cinematography showed that Aes nuclear foci dissolve during mitosis and reassemble after completion of cytokinesis. We have also found that heat shock cognate 70 (HSC70) is an essential component of Aes foci. Pharmacological inhibition of the HSC70 ATPase activity with VER155008 reduces Aes focus formation. These results provide insight into the understanding of Aes-mediated inhibition of Notch signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiro Itatani
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida Konoé-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | | | | | - Katsuya Okawa
- Drug Discovery Research Laboratories, Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co., Ltd, 1188 Shimotogari Nagaizumi-cho, Sunto-gun, Shizuoka 411-8731, Japan
| | - Stefano Stifani
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, 3801 rue University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada; and
| | - Hideaki Itoh
- Department of Life Science, Faculty of Engineering and Resource Science, Akita University, 1-1 Tegata Gakuen Town, Akita, 010-0852 Akita, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Sakai
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida Konoé-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - M Mark Taketo
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida Konoé-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan;
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16
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Kim GS, Jung HE, Kim JS, Lee YC. Mutagenesis Study Reveals the Rim of Catalytic Entry Site of HDAC4 and -5 as the Major Binding Surface of SMRT Corepressor. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0132680. [PMID: 26161557 PMCID: PMC4498904 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) play a pivotal role in eukaryotic gene expression by modulating the levels of acetylation of chromatin and related transcription factors. In contrast to class I HDACs (HDAC1, -2, -3 and -8), the class IIa HDACs (HDAC4, -5, -7 and -9) harbor cryptic deacetylases activity and recruit the SMRT-HDAC3 complex to repress target genes in vivo. In this regard, the specific interaction between the HDAC domain of class IIa HDACs and the C-terminal region of SMRT repression domain 3 (SRD3c) is known to be critical, but the molecular basis of this interaction has not yet been addressed. Here, we used an extensive mutant screening system, named the “partitioned one- plus two-hybrid system”, to isolate SRD3c interaction-defective (SRID) mutants over the entire catalytic domains of HDAC4 (HDAC4c) and -5. The surface presentation of the SRID mutations on the HDAC4c structure revealed that most of the mutations were mapped to the rim surface of the catalytic entry site, strongly suggesting this mutational hot-spot region as the major binding surface of SRD3c. Notably, among the HDAC4c surface residues required for SRD3c binding, some residues (C667, C669, C751, D759, T760 and F871) are present only in class IIa HDACs, providing the molecular basis for the specific interactions between SRD3c and class IIa enzymes. To investigate the functional consequence of SRID mutation, the in vitro HDAC activities of HDAC4 mutants immuno-purified from HEK293 cells were measured. The levels of HDAC activity of the HDAC4c mutants were substantially decreased compared to wild-type. Consistent with this, SRID mutations of HDAC4c prevented the association of HDAC4c with the SMRT-HDAC3 complex in vivo. Our findings may provide structural insight into the binding interface of HDAC4 and -5 with SRD3c, as a novel target to design modulators specific to these enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwang Sik Kim
- Hormone Research Center, School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 500–757, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha-Eun Jung
- Hormone Research Center, School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 500–757, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Sun Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Basic Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 500–757, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Chul Lee
- Hormone Research Center, School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 500–757, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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17
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Poralla L, Stroh T, Erben U, Sittig M, Liebig S, Siegmund B, Glauben R. Histone deacetylase 5 regulates the inflammatory response of macrophages. J Cell Mol Med 2015; 19:2162-71. [PMID: 26059794 PMCID: PMC4568921 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Modifying the chromatin structure and interacting with non-histone proteins, histone deacetylases (HDAC) are involved in vital cellular processes at different levels. We here specifically investigated the direct effects of HDAC5 in macrophage activation in response to bacterial or cytokine stimuli. Using murine and human macrophage cell lines, we studied the expression profile and the immunological function of HDAC5 at transcription and protein level in over-expression as well as RNA interference experiments. Toll-like receptor-mediated stimulation of murine RAW264.7 cells significantly reduced HDAC5 mRNA within 7 hrs but presented baseline levels after 24 hrs, a mechanism that was also found for Interferon-γ treatment. If treated with lipopolysaccharide, RAW264.7 cells transfected for over-expression only of full-length but not of mutant HDAC5, significantly elevated secretion of tumour necrosis factor α and of the monocyte chemotactic protein-1. These effects were accompanied by increased nuclear factor-κB activity. Accordingly, knock down of HDAC5-mRNA expression using specific siRNA significantly reduced the production of these cytokines in RAW264.7 or human U937 cells. Taken together, our results suggest a strong regulatory function of HDAC5 in the pro-inflammatory response of macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Poralla
- Medical Department I (Gastroenterology, Rheumatology, Infectious Diseases), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thorsten Stroh
- Medical Department I (Gastroenterology, Rheumatology, Infectious Diseases), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrike Erben
- Medical Department I (Gastroenterology, Rheumatology, Infectious Diseases), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marie Sittig
- Medical Department I (Gastroenterology, Rheumatology, Infectious Diseases), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sven Liebig
- Medical Department I (Gastroenterology, Rheumatology, Infectious Diseases), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Britta Siegmund
- Medical Department I (Gastroenterology, Rheumatology, Infectious Diseases), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rainer Glauben
- Medical Department I (Gastroenterology, Rheumatology, Infectious Diseases), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Stemig M, Astelford K, Emery A, Cho JJ, Allen B, Huang TH, Gopalakrishnan R, Mansky KC, Jensen ED. Deletion of histone deacetylase 7 in osteoclasts decreases bone mass in mice by interactions with MITF. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0123843. [PMID: 25875108 PMCID: PMC4398560 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular regulators of osteoclast formation and function are an important area of research due to the central role of osteoclasts in bone resorption. Transcription factors such as MITF are essential for osteoclast generation by regulating expression of the genes required for cellular differentiation and resorptive function. We recently reported that histone deacetylase 7 (HDAC7) binds to and represses the transcriptional activity of MITF in osteoclasts, and that loss of HDAC7 in vitro accelerated osteoclastogenesis. In the current study, we extend this initial observation by showing that conditional deletion of HDAC7 in osteoclasts of mice leads to an in vivo enhancement in osteoclast formation, associated with increased bone resorption and lower bone mass. Expression of multiple MITF target genes is increased in bone marrow derived osteoclast cultures from the HDAC7 knockout mice. Interestingly, multiple regions of the HDAC7 amino-terminus can bind to MITF or exert repressive activity. Moreover, mutation or deletion of the HDAC7 conserved deacetylase catalytic domain had little effect on repressive function. These observations identify HDAC7 in osteoclasts as an important molecular regulator of MITF activity and bone homeostasis, but also highlight a gap in our understanding of exactly how HDAC7 functions as a corepressor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Stemig
- Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Kristina Astelford
- Department of Developmental and Surgical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Ann Emery
- Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Jangyeun J. Cho
- Department of Developmental and Surgical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Ben Allen
- Department of Developmental and Surgical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Tsang-hai Huang
- Institute of Physical Education, Health and Leisure Studies, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, 701, Taiwan
| | - Rajaram Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Kim C. Mansky
- Department of Developmental and Surgical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
- * E-mail: (EDJ); (KCM)
| | - Eric D. Jensen
- Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
- * E-mail: (EDJ); (KCM)
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Transcriptional coregulators: fine-tuning metabolism. Cell Metab 2014; 20:26-40. [PMID: 24794975 PMCID: PMC4079747 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2014.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Revised: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic homeostasis requires that cellular energy levels are adapted to environmental cues. This adaptation is largely regulated at the transcriptional level, through the interaction between transcription factors, coregulators, and the basal transcriptional machinery. Coregulators, which function as both metabolic sensors and transcriptional effectors, are ideally positioned to synchronize metabolic pathways to environmental stimuli. The balance between inhibitory actions of corepressors and stimulatory effects of coactivators enables the fine-tuning of metabolic processes. This tight regulation opens therapeutic opportunities to manage metabolic dysfunction by directing the activity of cofactors toward specific transcription factors, pathways, or cells/tissues, thereby restoring whole-body metabolic homeostasis.
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Vaidyanathan K, Durning S, Wells L. Functional O-GlcNAc modifications: implications in molecular regulation and pathophysiology. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2014; 49:140-163. [PMID: 24524620 PMCID: PMC4912837 DOI: 10.3109/10409238.2014.884535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is a regulatory post-translational modification of intracellular proteins. The dynamic and inducible cycling of the modification is governed by O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA) in response to UDP-GlcNAc levels in the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP). Due to its reliance on glucose flux and substrate availability, a major focus in the field has been on how O-GlcNAc contributes to metabolic disease. For years this post-translational modification has been known to modify thousands of proteins implicated in various disorders, but direct functional connections have until recently remained elusive. New research is beginning to reveal the specific mechanisms through which O-GlcNAc influences cell dynamics and disease pathology including clear examples of O-GlcNAc modification at a specific site on a given protein altering its biological functions. The following review intends to focus primarily on studies in the last half decade linking O-GlcNAc modification of proteins with chromatin-directed gene regulation, developmental processes, and several metabolically related disorders including Alzheimer's, heart disease and cancer. These studies illustrate the emerging importance of this post-translational modification in biological processes and multiple pathophysiologies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sean Durning
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, USA
| | - Lance Wells
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, USA
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Sen N, Kumari R, Singh MI, Das S. HDAC5, a key component in temporal regulation of p53-mediated transactivation in response to genotoxic stress. Mol Cell 2013; 52:406-20. [PMID: 24120667 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2013.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Revised: 07/19/2013] [Accepted: 08/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Despite being one of the most well-studied transcription factors, the temporal regulation of p53-mediated transcription is not very well understood. Recent data suggest that target specificity of p53-mediated transactivation is achieved by posttranslational modifications of p53. K120 acetylation is a modification critical for recruitment of p53 to proapoptotic targets. Our data reveal that histone deacetylase 5 (HDAC5) binds to p53 and abrogates K120 acetylation, resulting in preferential recruitment of p53 to proarrest and antioxidant targets at early phases of stress. However, upon prolonged genotoxic stress, HDAC5 undergoes nuclear export. Concomitantly, p53 is acetylated at the K120 residue and selectively transactivates proapoptotic target genes, leading to onset of apoptosis. Furthermore, upon genotoxic stress in mice where HDAC5 expression is downregulated, the onset of apoptosis is accelerated in the highly vulnerable tissues. These findings suggest that HDAC5 is a key determinant of p53-mediated cell fate decisions in response to genotoxic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirmalya Sen
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
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22
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Curtis BJ, Zahs A, Kovacs EJ. Epigenetic targets for reversing immune defects caused by alcohol exposure. Alcohol Res 2013; 35:97-113. [PMID: 24313169 PMCID: PMC3860427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol consumption alters factors that modify gene expression without changing the DNA code (i.e., epigenetic modulators) in many organ systems, including the immune system. Alcohol enhances the risk for developing several serious medical conditions related to immune system dysfunction, including acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), liver cancer, and alcoholic liver disease (ALD). Binge and chronic drinking also render patients more susceptible to many infectious pathogens and advance the progression of HIV infection by weakening both innate and adaptive immunity. Epigenetic mechanisms play a pivotal role in these processes. For example, alcohol-induced epigenetic variations alter the developmental pathways of several types of immune cells (e.g., granulocytes, macrophages, and T-lymphocytes) and through these and other mechanisms promote exaggerated inflammatory responses. In addition, epigenetic mechanisms may underlie alcohol's ability to interfere with the barrier functions of the gut and respiratory systems, which also contribute to the heightened risk of infections. Better understanding of alcohol's effects on these epigenetic processes may help researchers identify new targets for the development of novel medications to prevent or ameliorate alcohol's detrimental effects on the immune system.
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23
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Mihaylova MM, Shaw RJ. Metabolic reprogramming by class I and II histone deacetylases. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2013; 24:48-57. [PMID: 23062770 PMCID: PMC3532556 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2012.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2012] [Revised: 09/04/2012] [Accepted: 09/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that protein acetylation plays a major regulatory role in many facets of transcriptional control of metabolism. The enzymes that catalyze the addition and removal of acetyl moieties are the histone acetyl transferases (HATs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs), respectively. Several recent studies have uncovered novel mechanisms and contexts in which different HDACs play crucial roles in metabolic control. Understanding the role of class I and II HDACs in different metabolic programs during development, as well as in the physiology and pathology of the adult organism, will lead to novel therapeutics for metabolic disease. Here, we review the current understanding of how class I and class II HDACs contribute to metabolic control.
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24
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Pelascini LPL, Janssen JM, Gonçalves MAFV. Histone deacetylase inhibition activates transgene expression from integration-defective lentiviral vectors in dividing and non-dividing cells. Hum Gene Ther 2012; 24:78-96. [PMID: 23140481 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2012.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Integration-defective lentiviral vectors (IDLVs) are being increasingly deployed in both basic and preclinical gene transfer settings. Often, however, the IDLV transgene expression profile is muted when compared to that of their integration-proficient counterparts. We hypothesized that the episomal nature of IDLVs turns them into preferential targets for epigenetic silencing involving chromatin-remodeling histone deacetylation. Therefore, vectors carrying an array of cis-acting elements and transcriptional unit components were assembled with the aid of packaging constructs encoding either the wild-type or the class I mutant D116N integrase moieties. The transduction levels and transgene-product yields provided by each vector class were assessed in the presence and absence of the histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors sodium butyrate and trichostatin A. To investigate the role of the target cell replication status, we performed experiments in growth-arrested human mesenchymal stem cells and in post-mitotic syncytial myotubes. We found that IDLVs are acutely affected by HDACs regardless of their genetic makeup or target cell replication rate. Interestingly, the magnitude of IDLV transgene expression rescue due to HDAC inhibition varied in a vector backbone- and cell type-dependent manner. Finally, investigation of histone modifications by chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by quantitative PCR (ChIP-qPCR) revealed a paucity of euchromatin marks distributed along IDLV genomes when compared to those measured on isogenic integration-competent vector templates. These findings support the view that IDLVs constitute preferential targets for epigenetic silencing involving histone deacetylation, which contributes to dampening their full transcriptional potential. Our data provide leads on how to most optimally titrate and deploy these promising episomal gene delivery vehicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laetitia P L Pelascini
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands
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25
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Goodson ML, Mengeling BJ, Jonas BA, Privalsky ML. Alternative mRNA splicing of corepressors generates variants that play opposing roles in adipocyte differentiation. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:44988-99. [PMID: 22065574 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.291625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The SMRT and NCoR corepressors partner with, and help mediate repression by, a wide variety of nuclear receptors and non-receptor transcription factors. Both SMRT and NCoR are expressed by alternative mRNA splicing, resulting in the production of a series of interrelated corepressor variants that differ in their tissue distribution and in their biochemical properties. We report here that different corepressor splice variants can exert opposing transcriptional and biological effects during adipocyte differentiation. Most notably, the NCoRω splice variant inhibits, whereas the NCoRδ splice variant promotes, adipogenesis. Furthermore, the ratio of NCoRω to NCoRδ decreases during adipogenic differentiation. We propose that this alteration in corepressor splicing helps convert the cellular transcriptional program from one that maintains the pre-adipocyte in an undifferentiated state to a new transcriptional context that promotes differentiation and helps establish the proper physiology of the mature adipocyte.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael L Goodson
- Department of Microbiology, College of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
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26
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Kim JK, Kim BK, Park JK, Choi JH, KimYoon SJ. The Hairless Gene: A Putative Navigator of Hair Follicle Development. Genomics Inform 2011. [DOI: 10.5808/gi.2011.9.3.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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27
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Soriano FX, Hardingham GE. In cortical neurons HDAC3 activity suppresses RD4-dependent SMRT export. PLoS One 2011; 6:e21056. [PMID: 21695276 PMCID: PMC3111469 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0021056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2011] [Accepted: 05/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcriptional corepressor SMRT controls neuronal responsiveness of several transcription factors and can regulate neuroprotective and neurogenic pathways. SMRT is a multi-domain protein that complexes with HDAC3 as well as being capable of interactions with HDACs 1, 4, 5 and 7. We previously showed that in rat cortical neurons, nuclear localisation of SMRT requires histone deacetylase activity: Inhibition of class I/II HDACs by treatment with trichostatin A (TSA) causes redistribution of SMRT to the cytoplasm, and potentiates the activation of SMRT-repressed nuclear receptors. Here we have sought to identify the HDAC(s) and region(s) of SMRT responsible for anchoring it in the nucleus under normal circumstances and for mediating nuclear export following HDAC inhibition. We show that in rat cortical neurons SMRT export can be triggered by treatment with the class I-preferring HDAC inhibitor valproate and the HDAC2/3-selective inhibitor apicidin, and by HDAC3 knockdown, implicating HDAC3 activity as being required to maintain SMRT in the nucleus. HDAC3 interaction with SMRT's deacetylation activation domain (DAD) is known to be important for activation of HDAC3 deacetylase function. Consistent with a role for HDAC3 activity in promoting SMRT nuclear localization, we found that inactivation of SMRT's DAD by deletion or point mutation triggered partial redistribution of SMRT to the cytoplasm. We also investigated whether other regions of SMRT were involved in mediating nuclear export following HDAC inhibition. TSA- and valproate-induced SMRT export was strongly impaired by deletion of its repression domain-4 (RD4). Furthermore, over-expression of a region of SMRT containing the RD4 region suppressed TSA-induced export of full-length SMRT. Collectively these data support a model whereby SMRT's RD4 region can recruit factors capable of mediating nuclear export of SMRT, but whose function and/or recruitment is suppressed by HDAC3 activity. Furthermore, they underline the fact that HDAC inhibitors can cause reorganization and redistribution of corepressor complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesc X Soriano
- Centre for Integrative Physiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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28
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Shakespear MR, Halili MA, Irvine KM, Fairlie DP, Sweet MJ. Histone deacetylases as regulators of inflammation and immunity. Trends Immunol 2011; 32:335-43. [PMID: 21570914 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2011.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 389] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2011] [Revised: 04/01/2011] [Accepted: 04/03/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) remove an acetyl group from lysine residues of target proteins to regulate cellular processes. Small-molecule inhibitors of HDACs cause cellular growth arrest, differentiation and/or apoptosis, and some are used clinically as anticancer drugs. In animal models, HDAC inhibitors are therapeutic for several inflammatory diseases, but exacerbate atherosclerosis and compromise host defence. Loss of HDAC function has also been linked to chronic lung diseases in humans. These contrasting effects might reflect distinct roles for individual HDACs in immune responses. Here, we review the current understanding of innate and adaptive immune pathways that are regulated by classical HDAC enzymes. The objective is to provide a rationale for targeting (or not targeting) individual HDAC enzymes with inhibitors for future immune-related applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie R Shakespear
- The University of Queensland, Institute for Molecular Bioscience and Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Queensland 4072, Australia
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29
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EBV nuclear antigen EBNALP dismisses transcription repressors NCoR and RBPJ from enhancers and EBNA2 increases NCoR-deficient RBPJ DNA binding. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011; 108:7808-13. [PMID: 21518914 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1104991108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
EBV nuclear antigen 2 (EBNA2) and EBV nuclear antigen LP (EBNALP) are critical for B-lymphocyte transformation to lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs). EBNA2 activates transcription through recombination signal-binding immunoglobulin κJ region (RBPJ), a transcription factor associated with NCoR repressive complexes, and EBNALP is implicated in repressor relocalization. EBNALP coactivation with EBNA2 was found to dominate over NCoR repression. EBNALP associated with NCoR and dismissed NCoR, NCoR and RBPJ, or NCoR, RBPJ, and EBNA2 from matrix-associated deacetylase (MAD) bodies. In non-EBV-infected BJAB B lymphoma cells that stably express EBNA2, EBNALP, or EBNA2 and EBNALP, EBNALP was associated with hairy and enhancer of split 1 (hes1), cd21, cd23, and arginine and glutamate-rich 1 (arglu1) enhancer or promoter DNA and was associated minimally with coding DNA. With the exception of RBPJ at the arglu1 enhancer, NCoR and RBPJ were significantly decreased at enhancer and promoter sites in EBNALP or EBNA2 and EBNALP BJAB cells. EBNA2 DNA association was unaffected by EBNALP, and EBNALP was unaffected by EBNA2. EBNA2 markedly increased RBPJ at enhancer sites without increasing NCoR. EBNALP further increased hes1 and arglu1 RNA levels with EBNA2 but did not further increase cd21 or cd23 RNA levels. EBNALP in which the 45 C-terminal residues critical for transformation and transcriptional activation were deleted associated with NCoR but was deficient in dismissing NCoR from MAD bodies and from enhancer and promoter sites. These data strongly support a model in which EBNA2 association with NCoR-deficient RBPJ enhances transcription and EBNALP dismisses NCoR and RBPJ repressive complexes from enhancers to coactivate hes1 and arglu1 but not cd21 or cd23.
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30
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Varlakhanova N, Hahm JB, Privalsky ML. Regulation of SMRT corepressor dimerization and composition by MAP kinase phosphorylation. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2011; 332:180-8. [PMID: 20965228 PMCID: PMC3011023 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2010.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2010] [Revised: 09/30/2010] [Accepted: 10/12/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The SMRT (Silencing Mediator of Retinoid and Thyroid hormone receptors) corepressor mediates gene repression by nuclear receptors and other transcriptional factors. The SMRT protein serves as a key nucleating core that organizes the assembly of a larger corepressor complex. We report here that SMRT interacts with itself to form a protein dimer, and that Erk2, a mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase, disrupts this SMRT self-dimerization in vitro and in vivo. Notably Erk2 phosphorylation also results in a re-organization of the overall corepressor complex, characterized by a reduced sedimentation coefficient, partial release of HDAC3, TBL-1, and TBLR-1, and inhibition of transcriptional repression. We propose that SMRT dimers form the central platform on which additional corepressor components assemble, and that kinase signaling modifies the architecture, composition, and function of this complex. These observations contribute to our understanding of how the SMRT corepressor complex assembles and is regulated during cell proliferation and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Varlakhanova
- Department of Microbiology, College of Biological Sciences, University of California at Davis, United States
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31
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Abstract
In this issue of Cancer Cell, Sonoshita et al. report that Aes/Grg5 prevents metastasis of colorectal cancer cells by sequestering and inactivating Notch transcriptional effectors in distinct nuclear foci. Loss of Aes/Grg5 in invasive cancer cells where Notch is activated by stroma-expressed ligands promotes invasion, transendothelial migration, intravasation, and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard Christofori
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 28, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland.
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32
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Sonoshita M, Aoki M, Fuwa H, Aoki K, Hosogi H, Sakai Y, Hashida H, Takabayashi A, Sasaki M, Robine S, Itoh K, Yoshioka K, Kakizaki F, Kitamura T, Oshima M, Taketo MM. Suppression of colon cancer metastasis by Aes through inhibition of Notch signaling. Cancer Cell 2011; 19:125-37. [PMID: 21251616 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2010.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2010] [Revised: 09/17/2010] [Accepted: 11/02/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis is responsible for most cancer deaths. Here, we show that Aes (or Grg5) gene functions as an endogenous metastasis suppressor. Expression of Aes was decreased in liver metastases compared with primary colon tumors in both mice and humans. Aes inhibited Notch signaling by converting active Rbpj transcription complexes into repression complexes on insoluble nuclear matrix. In tumor cells, Notch signaling was triggered by ligands on adjoining blood vessels, and stimulated transendothelial migration. Genetic depletion of Aes in Apc(Δ716) intestinal polyposis mice caused marked tumor invasion and intravasation that were suppressed by Notch signaling inhibition. These results suggest that inhibition of Notch signaling can be a promising strategy for prevention and treatment of colon cancer metastasis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Benzodiazepinones/pharmacology
- Benzodiazepinones/therapeutic use
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Co-Repressor Proteins
- Colonic Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Colonic Neoplasms/metabolism
- Colonic Neoplasms/pathology
- Down-Regulation/genetics
- Gene Expression/genetics
- Gene Silencing/physiology
- HCT116 Cells
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin J Recombination Signal Sequence-Binding Protein/genetics
- Immunoglobulin J Recombination Signal Sequence-Binding Protein/metabolism
- Intestinal Polyposis/drug therapy
- Intestinal Polyposis/metabolism
- Intestinal Polyposis/pathology
- Ligands
- Liver Neoplasms/pathology
- Liver Neoplasms/secondary
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- Lung Neoplasms/prevention & control
- Lung Neoplasms/secondary
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Mutant Strains
- Mice, Nude
- Mice, Transgenic
- Models, Biological
- Neoplasm Invasiveness/genetics
- Neoplasm Invasiveness/pathology
- Neoplasm Invasiveness/prevention & control
- Neoplasm Metastasis/genetics
- Neoplasm Metastasis/pathology
- Neoplasm Metastasis/prevention & control
- Nuclear Matrix/metabolism
- Receptor, Notch1/metabolism
- Receptors, Notch/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Notch/metabolism
- Repressor Proteins/genetics
- Repressor Proteins/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Signal Transduction/physiology
- Stromal Cells/metabolism
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Transendothelial and Transepithelial Migration/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Sonoshita
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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Qureshi IA, Mehler MF. Impact of nuclear organization and dynamics on epigenetic regulation in the central nervous system: implications for neurological disease states. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2010; 1204 Suppl:E20-37. [PMID: 20840166 PMCID: PMC2946117 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2010.05718.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic mechanisms that are highly responsive to interoceptive and environmental stimuli mediate the proper execution of complex genomic programs, such as cell type-specific gene transcription and posttranscriptional RNA processing, and are increasingly thought to be important for modulating the development, homeostasis, and plasticity of the central nervous system (CNS). These epigenetic processes include DNA methylation, histone modifications, and chromatin remodeling, all of which play roles in neural cellular diversity, connectivity, and plasticity. Further, large-scale transcriptomic analyses have revealed that the eukaryotic genome is pervasively transcribed, forming interleaved protein-coding RNAs and regulatory nonprotein-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), which act through a broad array of molecular mechanisms. Most of these ncRNAs are transcribed in a cell type- and developmental stage-specific manner in the CNS. A broad array of posttranscriptional processes, such as RNA editing and transport, can modulate the functions of both protein-coding RNAs and ncRNAs. Additional studies implicate nuclear organization and dynamics in mediating epigenetic regulation. The compartmentalization of DNA sequences and other molecular machinery into functional nuclear domains, such as transcription factories, Cajal bodies, promyelocytic leukemia nuclear bodies, nuclear speckles, and paraspeckles, some of which are found prominently in neural cells, is associated with regulation of transcriptional activity and posttranscriptional RNA processing. These observations suggest that genomic architecture and RNA biology in the CNS are much more complex and nuanced than previously appreciated. Increasing evidence now suggests that most, if not all, human CNS diseases are associated with either primary or secondary perturbations in one or more aspects of the epigenome. In this review, we provide an update of our emerging understanding of genomic architecture, RNA biology, and nuclear organization and highlight the interconnected roles that deregulation of these factors may play in diverse CNS disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irfan A. Qureshi
- Rosyln and Leslie Goldstein Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY
- Institute for Brain Disorders and Neural Regeneration, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY
- Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY
- Rose F. Kennedy Center for Research on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY
| | - Mark F. Mehler
- Rosyln and Leslie Goldstein Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY
- Institute for Brain Disorders and Neural Regeneration, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY
- Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY
- Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY
- Rose F. Kennedy Center for Research on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY
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Mathew S, Galatioto J, Mascareno E, Siddiqui MAQ. Repression of the cardiac myosin light chain-2 gene in skeletal muscle requires site-specific association of antithetic regulator, Nished, and HDACs. J Cell Mol Med 2010; 13:1952-1961. [PMID: 19604314 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2008.00525.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcriptional activation mechanisms that regulate tissue-specific expression of cardiac muscle genes have been extensively investigated, but little is known of the regulatory events involved in repression of cardiac-specific genes in non-cardiac cells. We have previously reported that Nished, a ubiquitous transcription factor, interacts with a positive sequence element, the Intron Regulatory Element (IRE) as well as a negatively acting element, the Cardiac-Specific Sequence (CSS), in myosin light chain-2 (MLC2v) gene to promote activation and repression of the gene in cardiac and skeletal muscle cells respectively. Here, we show that the negative regulation of cardiac MLC2v gene in skeletal muscle cells is mediated via the interaction of Nished with histone deacetylase (HDAC) co-repressor. Treatment of cells with the HDAC inhibitor, Trichostatin A (TSA), alleviates the repressor activity of Nished in a dose-dependent manner. Co-transfection studies in primary muscle cells in culture and in Nished expressing stable skeletal muscle cell line demonstrate that Nished down-regulates the cardiac MLC2 gene expression when its association is restricted to CSS alone. Chromatin immunoprecipitation data suggest that the CSS-mediated repression of cardiac MLC2v gene in skeletal muscle cells excludes the participation of the positive element IRE despite the presence of an identical Nished binding site. Taken together, it appears that the negative control of MLC2v transcription is based on a dual mode of regulations, one that affords inaccessibility of IRE to Nished and second that promotes the formation of the transcription repression complex at the inhibitory CSS site to silence the cardiac gene in skeletal muscle cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumy Mathew
- Center for Cardiovascular and Muscle Research and Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Josephine Galatioto
- Center for Cardiovascular and Muscle Research and Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Eduardo Mascareno
- Center for Cardiovascular and Muscle Research and Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - M A Q Siddiqui
- Center for Cardiovascular and Muscle Research and Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
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35
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Gao C, Liu Y, Lam M, Kao HY. Histone deacetylase 7 (HDAC7) regulates myocyte migration and differentiation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2010; 1803:1186-97. [PMID: 20621129 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2010.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2010] [Revised: 06/05/2010] [Accepted: 06/23/2010] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Class IIa HDACs including HDAC7 play a role in gene expression, cell differentiation, and animal development through their association with transcription factors such as myogenic enhancer factors 2 (MEF2s). In this study, we show that endogenous HDAC7 localizes to both the nucleus and the cytoplasm of C2C12 myoblasts but is exclusively retained in the cytoplasm of myotubes after completion of differentiation process. To elucidate the role of differential distribution of HDAC7 during myogenesis, we examined the effects of stably expressed HDAC7 mutants on myogenesis. Expression of nuclear-retained HDAC7 mutants significantly inhibits myogenesis in C2C12 cells and reduces the expression of muscle-specific myosin heavy chain (MHC) and myogenin. The inhibition in myocyte differentiation can be partially relieved by introduction of a mutation disrupting HDAC7:MEF2 interaction. Since phosphorylation of HDAC7 plays an important role in its nucleocytoplasmic shuttling, we further investigated the expression and distribution of phosphorylated HDAC7. To our surprise, the phosphorylation levels of HDAC7 at S344 and S479 were slightly decreased upon differentiation, whereas the phosphorylation of S178 was unchanged. Interestingly, a significant fraction of pS344- and/or pS479-HDAC7 localized to plasma membrane of myotubes. In addition, Ser178-phosphorylated (pS178) HDAC7 displays a predominantly actin filament-like structure before muscle differentiation. Consistent with this notion, HDAC7 partially colocalized with actin filaments; in particular, pS178-HDAC7 largely colocalized with actin filaments as indicated by phalloidin counter staining in myocytes. Furthermore, C2C12 cells expressing nuclear-retained HDAC7 display defects in migration. Our results provide novel insight into the mechanisms that regulate myocyte differentiation and migration by controlling the subcellular distribution of HDAC7 in differentiating myoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengzhuo Gao
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
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36
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Thompson CC. Hairless is a nuclear receptor corepressor essential for skin function. NUCLEAR RECEPTOR SIGNALING 2009; 7:e010. [PMID: 20087431 PMCID: PMC2807636 DOI: 10.1621/nrs.07010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2009] [Accepted: 12/11/2009] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The activity of nuclear receptors is modulated by numerous coregulatory factors. Corepressors can either mediate the ability of nuclear receptors to repress transcription, or can inhibit transactivation by nuclear receptors. As we learn more about the mechanisms of transcriptional repression, the importance of repression by nuclear receptors in development and disease has become clear. The protein encoded by the mammalian Hairless (Hr) gene was shown to be a corepressor by virtue of its functional similarity to the well-established corepressors N-CoR and SMRT. Mutation of the Hr gene results in congenital hair loss in both mice and men. Investigation of Hairless function both in vitro and in mouse models in vivo has revealed a critical role in maintaining skin and hair by regulating the differentiation of epithelial stem cells, as well as a putative role in regulating gene expression via chromatin remodeling.
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37
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Abstract
Activation of estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha) results in both induction and repression of gene transcription; while mechanistic details of estrogen induction are well described, details of repression remain largely unknown. We characterized several ERalpha-repressed targets and examined in detail the mechanism for estrogen repression of Reprimo (RPRM), a cell cycle inhibitor. Estrogen repression of RPRM is rapid and robust and requires a tripartite interaction between ERalpha, histone deacetylase 7 (HDAC7), and FoxA1. HDAC7 is the critical HDAC needed for repression of RPRM; it can bind to ERalpha and represses ERalpha's transcriptional activity--this repression does not require HDAC7's deacetylase activity. We further show that the chromatin pioneer factor FoxA1, well known for its role in estrogen induction of genes, is recruited to the RPRM promoter, is necessary for repression of RPRM, and interacts with HDAC7. Like other FoxA1 recruitment sites, the RPRM promoter is characterized by H3K4me1/me2. Estrogen treatment causes decreases in H3K4me1/me2 and release of RNA polymerase II (Pol II) from the RPRM proximal promoter. Overall, these data implicate a novel role for HDAC7 and FoxA1 in estrogen repression of RPRM, a mechanism which could potentially be generalized to many more estrogen-repressed genes and hence be important in both normal physiology and pathological processes.
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Spencer VA, Xu R, Bissell MJ. Extracellular matrix, nuclear and chromatin structure, and gene expression in normal tissues and malignant tumors: a work in progress. Adv Cancer Res 2009; 97:275-94. [PMID: 17419950 PMCID: PMC2912285 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-230x(06)97012-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Almost three decades ago, we presented a model where the extracellular matrix (ECM) was postulated to influence gene expression and tissue-specificity through the action of ECM receptors and the cytoskeleton. This hypothesis implied that ECM molecules could signal to the nucleus and that the unit of function in higher organisms was not the cell alone, but the cell plus its microenvironment. We now know that ECM invokes changes in tissue and organ architecture and that tissue, cell, nuclear, and chromatin structure are changed profoundly as a result of and during malignant progression. Whereas some evidence has been generated for a link between ECM-induced alterations in tissue architecture and changes in both nuclear and chromatin organization, the manner by which these changes actively induce or repress gene expression in normal and malignant cells is a topic in need of further attention. Here, we will discuss some key findings that may provide insights into mechanisms through which ECM could influence gene transcription and how tumor cells acquire the ability to overcome these levels of control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia A Spencer
- Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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Nayak A, Glöckner-Pagel J, Vaeth M, Schumann JE, Buttmann M, Bopp T, Schmitt E, Serfling E, Berberich-Siebelt F. Sumoylation of the transcription factor NFATc1 leads to its subnuclear relocalization and interleukin-2 repression by histone deacetylase. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:10935-46. [PMID: 19218564 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m900465200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The family of NFAT (nuclear factor of activated T-cells) transcription factors plays an important role in cytokine gene regulation. In peripheral T-cells NFATc1 and -c2 are predominantly expressed. Because of different promoter and poly(A) site usage as well as alternative splicing events, NFATc1 is synthesized in multiple isoforms. The highly inducible NFATc1/A contains a relatively short C terminus, whereas the longer, constitutively expressed isoform NFATc1/C spans an extra C-terminal peptide of 246 amino acids. Interestingly, this NFATc1/C-specific terminus can be highly sumoylated. Upon sumoylation, NFATc1/C, but not the unsumoylated NFATc1/A, translocates to promyelocytic leukemia nuclear bodies. This leads to interaction with histone deacetylases followed by deacetylation of histones, which in turn induces transcriptionally inactive chromatin. As a consequence, expression of the NFATc1 target gene interleukin-2 is suppressed. These findings demonstrate that the modification by SUMO (small ubiquitin-like modifier) converts NFATc1 from an activator to a site-specific transcriptional repressor, revealing a novel regulatory mechanism for NFATc1 function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnab Nayak
- Departments of Molecular Pathology and Neurology, Julius Maximilians-University, 97080 Wuerzburg and Institute of Immunology, Johannes Gutenberg-University, 55131 Mainz, Germany
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Wang L, Tao R, Hancock WW. Using histone deacetylase inhibitors to enhance Foxp3(+) regulatory T-cell function and induce allograft tolerance. Immunol Cell Biol 2009; 87:195-202. [PMID: 19172156 DOI: 10.1038/icb.2008.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The histone/protein deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi), trichostatin A (TsA), increases the production and suppressive function of Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells (T(regs)), at least in part, by promoting the acetylation of Foxp3 protein itself. Acetylation of Foxp3 is required for effective binding of Foxp3 to the promoter of the interleukin-2 (IL-2) gene and the suppression of IL-2 expression. We have sought to identify agents that had similar effects on T(regs), but without the associated toxicity of TsA. This review summarizes the contrasting effects of various HDACis on T(reg) functions in vitro and in vivo. Agents that block primarily class I HDAC had minimal or no effect on T(reg) suppression, whereas multiple inhibitors of both class I and class II HDAC enhanced T(reg) suppression in vitro and in vivo. These data indicate tools for further analysis of T(reg) functions, and point to a critical role of class II HDAC in the regulation of T(regs). Such knowledge has direct implications for the development of in vivo approaches to treat autoimmune and other inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqing Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Stokes Research Institute and Biesecker Pediatric Liver Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-4318, USA
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Histone deacetylase 7 associates with Runx2 and represses its activity during osteoblast maturation in a deacetylation-independent manner. J Bone Miner Res 2008; 23:361-72. [PMID: 17997710 PMCID: PMC2669158 DOI: 10.1359/jbmr.071104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED HDAC7 associates with Runx2 and represses Runx2 transcriptional activity in a deacetylase-independent manner. HDAC7 suppression accelerates osteoblast maturation. Thus, HDAC7 is a novel Runx2 co-repressor that regulates osteoblast differentiation. INTRODUCTION Runx2 is a key regulator of gene expression in osteoblasts and can activate or repress transcription depending on interactions with various co-factors. Based on previous observations that several histone deacetylases (HDACs) repress Runx2 activity and that HDAC inhibitors accelerate osteoblast differentiation in vitro, we hypothesized that additional HDACs may also affect Runx2 activity. MATERIALS AND METHODS A panel of HDACs was screened for repressors of Runx2 activity. Immunofluorescence, co-immunoprecipitation, GST-pulldowns, and chromatin immunoprecipitations were used to characterize the interactions between Runx2 and HDAC7. Expression of osteoblast markers was examined in a C2C12 cell osteoblast differentiation model in which HDAC7 levels were reduced by RNAi. RESULTS Runx2 activity was repressed by HDAC7 but not by HDAC9, HDRP, HDAC10, or HDAC11. HDAC7 and Runx2 were found co-localized in nuclei and associated with Runx2-responsive promoter elements in osseous cells. A carboxy-terminal domain of Runx2 associated with multiple regions of HDAC7. Although direct interactions with Runx2 were confined to the carboxy terminus of HDAC7, this region was dispensable for repression. In contrast, the amino terminus of HDAC7 bound Runx2 indirectly and was necessary and sufficient for transcriptional repression. Treatment with HDAC inhibitors did not decrease inhibition by HDAC7, indicating that HDAC7 repressed Runx2 by deacetylation-independent mechanism(s). Suppression of HDAC7 expression in C2C12 multipotent cells by RNAi accelerated their BMP2-dependent osteoblast differentiation program. Consistent with this observation, BMP2 decreased nuclear localization of HDAC7. CONCLUSIONS These results establish HDAC7 as a regulator of Runx2's transcriptional activity and suggest that HDAC7 may be an important regulator of the timing and/or rate of osteoblast maturation.
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Tao R, de Zoeten EF, Ozkaynak E, Wang L, Li B, Greene MI, Wells AD, Hancock WW. Histone deacetylase inhibitors and transplantation. Curr Opin Immunol 2007; 19:589-95. [PMID: 17719760 PMCID: PMC2693068 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2007.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2007] [Revised: 07/09/2007] [Accepted: 07/11/2007] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Simply detecting the presence or absence of Foxp3, a transcription factor characteristic of naturally occurring CD4+ CD25+ regulatory T cells (Tregs), now appears of minimal value in predicting the outcome of immunologic responses, since dividing human CD4+ effector T cells can induce Foxp3 without attaining repressive functions, and additional molecular interactions, as well epigenetic events, affect Foxp3-dependent Treg functions in humans and mice. Experimentally, in vivo and in vitro studies show histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) can enhance the numbers and suppressive function of regulatory T cells (Tregs) by promoting Foxp3+ cell production, enhancing chromatin remodeling within Tregs, and inducing acetylation of Foxp3 protein itself. Human studies consistent with a role for HDACi in controlling Fox3-dependent Treg functions are also available. We review these molecular interactions and how they may be exploited therapeutically to enhance Treg-dependent functions, including post-transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Tao
- Division of Transplant Immunology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Joseph Stokes Jr. Research Institute and Biesecker Pediatric Liver Center, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, and University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-4318
| | - Edwin F. de Zoeten
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-4318
| | - Engin Ozkaynak
- Division of Transplant Immunology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Joseph Stokes Jr. Research Institute and Biesecker Pediatric Liver Center, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, and University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-4318
| | - Liqing Wang
- Division of Transplant Immunology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Joseph Stokes Jr. Research Institute and Biesecker Pediatric Liver Center, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, and University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-4318
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6082
| | - Mark I Greene
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6082
| | - Andrew D. Wells
- Division of Transplant Immunology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Joseph Stokes Jr. Research Institute and Biesecker Pediatric Liver Center, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, and University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-4318
| | - Wayne W. Hancock
- Division of Transplant Immunology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Joseph Stokes Jr. Research Institute and Biesecker Pediatric Liver Center, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, and University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-4318
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Abstract
In the last decade, the identification of enzymes that regulate acetylation of histones and nonhistone proteins has revealed the key role of dynamic acetylation and deacetylation in various cellular processes. Mammalian histone deacetylases (HDACs), which catalyse the removal of acetyl groups from lysine residues, are grouped into three classes, on the basis of similarity to yeast counterparts. An abundance of experimental evidence has established class IIa HDACs as crucial transcriptional regulators of various developmental and differentiation processes. In the past 5 years, a tremendous effort has been dedicated to characterizing the regulation of these enzymes. In this review, we summarize the latest discoveries in the field and discuss the molecular and structural determinants of class IIa HDACs regulation. Finally, we emphasize that comprehension of the mechanisms underlying class IIa HDAC functions is essential for potential therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Martin
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Unit, FUSAGx, Gembloux, Belgium
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Haarmann-Stemmann T, Bothe H, Kohli A, Sydlik U, Abel J, Fritsche E. Analysis of the Transcriptional Regulation and Molecular Function of the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Repressor in Human Cell Lines. Drug Metab Dispos 2007; 35:2262-9. [PMID: 17890447 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.107.016253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor repressor (AhRR) is a member of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) signaling cascade, which mediates dioxin toxicity and is involved in regulation of cell growth and differentiation. The AhRR was described as a feedback modulator, which counteracts AhR-dependent gene expression. We investigated the molecular mechanisms of transcriptional regulation of the human AhRR by cloning its regulatory DNA region located in intron I of the AhRR. By means of reporter gene analyses and generation of deletion variants, we identified a functional, 3-methylcholanthrene-sensitive xenobiotic response element (XRE) site. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analyses revealed that the AhRR binds to this XRE, displaying an autoregulatory loop of AhRR expression. In addition we show that an adjacent GC-box is of functional relevance for AhRR transcription, since blocking of this GC-box resulted in a decrease of constitutive and inducible AhRR gene activity. The differences in constitutive AhRR mRNA level observed in HepG2, primary fibroblast, and HeLa cells are directly correlated with CYP1A1 inducibility. We show that the nonresponsiveness of high AhRR-expressing cells toward AhR-agonists is associated with a constitutive binding of the AhRR to XRE sites of CYP1A1. Treatment with the histone deacetylase inhibitor sodium butyrate restored the responsiveness of CYP1A1 in these cell lines, due to the dissociation of AhRR from the XREs. Furthermore, transient AhRR mRNA silencing in untreated HeLa cells was accompanied by an increase of basal CYP1A1 expression, pointing to a constitutive role of the AhRR in regulation of CYP1A1. The functional relevance of the AhRR in high AhRR-expressing primary fibroblasts is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Haarmann-Stemmann
- Molecular Toxicology, Institut für Umweltmedizinische Forschung, Auf'm Hennekamp 50, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Hoshino H, Nishino TG, Tashiro S, Miyazaki M, Ohmiya Y, Igarashi K, Horinouchi S, Yoshida M. Co-repressor SMRT and class II histone deacetylases promote Bach2 nuclear retention and formation of nuclear foci that are responsible for local transcriptional repression. J Biochem 2007; 141:719-27. [PMID: 17383980 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvm073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Bach2 is a member of the BTB-basic region leucine zipper factor family and represses transcription activity directed by the TPA response element, the Maf recognition element (MARE) and the antioxidant-responsive element. Recently, it was reported that upon oxidative stress Bach2 forms nuclear foci surrounding the promyelocytic leukaemia (PML) bodies and specifically represses the transcription around the PML bodies. Here we report that expression of the silencing mediator of retinoid and thyroid receptor (SMRT) and histone deacetylase4 (HDAC4) enhances the formation of the Bach2 foci in the nuclear matrix. SMRT mediates the HDAC4 binding to Bach2, and HDAC4 facilitates the retention of Bach2 in the foci. Scratch transcription labelling and 3D-reconstruction from the confocal images demonstrated that transcription is suppressed in and around the Bach2 foci. Indeed, Bach2 bound MARE and repressed the expression from the chromosomally integrated MARE-driven reporter gene when co-expressed with SMRT and HDAC4. Our observations suggest that both SMRT and HDAC4 play an important role in nuclear retention and the Bach2 focus formation in the mammalian cell nucleus, which may contribute to the local transcription repression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideto Hoshino
- CREST Research Project, Japan Science and Technology Corp., Saitama 332-0012, Japan
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46
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Pagan JK, Arnold J, Hanchard KJ, Kumar R, Bruno T, Jones MJK, Richard DJ, Forrest A, Spurdle A, Verdin E, Crossley M, Fanciulli M, Chenevix-Trench G, Young DB, Khanna KK. A novel corepressor, BCoR-L1, represses transcription through an interaction with CtBP. J Biol Chem 2007; 282:15248-57. [PMID: 17379597 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m700246200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Corepressors play a crucial role in negative gene regulation and are defective in several diseases. BCoR is a corepressor for the BCL6 repressor protein. Here we describe and functionally characterize BCoR-L1, a homolog of BCoR. When tethered to a heterologous promoter, BCoR-L1 is capable of strong repression. Like other corepressors, BCoR-L1 associates with histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity. Specifically, BCoR-L1 coprecipitates with the Class II HDACs, HDAC4, HDAC5, and HDAC7, suggesting that they are involved in its role as a transcriptional repressor. BCoR-L1 also interacts with the CtBP corepressor through a CtBP-interacting motif in its amino terminus. Abrogation of the CtBP binding site within BCoR-L1 partially relieves BCoR-L1-mediated transcriptional repression. Furthermore, BCoR-L1 is located on the E-cadherin promoter, a known CtBP-regulated promoter, and represses the E-cadherin promoter activity in a reporter assay. The inhibition of BCoR-L1 expression by RNA-mediated interference results in derepression of E-cadherin in cells that do not normally express E-cadherin, indicating that BCoR-L1 contributes to the repression of an authentic endogenous CtBP target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia K Pagan
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research, 300 Herston Road, Herston 4029, Queensland, Australia
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Aoyagi S, Archer TK. Dynamic histone acetylation/deacetylation with progesterone receptor-mediated transcription. Mol Endocrinol 2007; 21:843-56. [PMID: 17227884 DOI: 10.1210/me.2006-0244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone acetylation is a highly dynamic posttranslational modification that plays an important role in gene expression. Previous work showed that promoter histone deacetylation is accompanied by progesterone receptor (PR)-mediated activation of the mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) promoter. We investigated the role of this deacetylation and found that this histone deacetylation is not a singular event. In fact, histone acetylation at the MMTV promoter is highly dynamic, with an initial increase in acetylation followed by an eventual net deacetylation of histone H4. The timing of increase in acetylation of H4 coincides with the time at which PR, RNA polymerase II, and histone acetyltransferases cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB)-binding protein and p300 are recruited to the MMTV promoter. The timing in which histone H4 deacetylation occurs (after PR and RNA polymerase II recruitment) and the limited effect that trichostatin A and small interfering RNA knockdown of histone deacetylase (HDAC)3 have on MMTV transcription suggests that this deacetylation activity is not required for the initiation of PR-mediated transcription. Interestingly, two HDACs, HDAC1 and HDAC3, are already present at the MMTV before transcription activation. HDAC association at the MMTV promoter fluctuates during the hormone treatment. In particular, HDAC3 is temporarily undetected at the MMTV promoter within minutes after hormone treatment when the histone H4 acetylation increases but returns to the promoter near the time when histone acetylation levels start to decline. These results demonstrate the dynamic nature of coactivator/corepressor-promoter association and histone modifications such as acetylation during a transcription activation event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayura Aoyagi
- Chromatin and Gene Expression Section, Laboratory of Molecular Carcinogenesis, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, 111 Alexander Drive, P.O. Box 12233 (MD D4-01), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
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Barrett A, Santangelo S, Tan K, Catchpole S, Roberts K, Spencer-Dene B, Hall D, Scibetta A, Burchell J, Verdin E, Freemont P, Taylor-Papadimitriou J. Breast cancer associated transcriptional repressor PLU-1/JARID1B interacts directly with histone deacetylases. Int J Cancer 2007; 121:265-75. [PMID: 17373667 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.22673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The PLU-1/JARID1B nuclear protein, which is expressed in a high proportion of breast cancers, but shows restricted expression elsewhere, belongs to the ARID family of proteins, known to play important roles in development, differentiation, transcriptional regulation and chromatin remodeling. PLU-1/JARID1B is a strong transcriptional repressor, and here we show that the protein localizes in MAD bodies when cotransfected with class IIa histone deacetylases (HDACs) or N-CoR. Direct binding to class I and class IIa HDACs is demonstrated, while the interaction with N-CoR appears to be indirect. The domains involved in the HDAC4-PLU-1/JARID1B interaction were investigated in detail, and the data show that 2 PHD domains in PLU-1/JARID1B, which are involved in transcriptional repression, are also crucial for binding to a domain in the 5' region of HDAC4, overlapping the MEF-2 binding region. Physiological relevance of this interaction in the mammary gland is suggested from the observation that HDAC4 and PLU-1/JARID1B are coexpressed in the pregnant and involuting mouse mammary gland and are both silenced at lactation. Significantly, the expression of both proteins is seen in breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Barrett
- Cancer Research UK Breast Cancer Biology Group, King's College London School of Medicine, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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Arnett-Mansfield RL, Graham JD, Hanson AR, Mote PA, Gompel A, Scurr LL, Gava N, de Fazio A, Clarke CL. Focal subnuclear distribution of progesterone receptor is ligand dependent and associated with transcriptional activity. Mol Endocrinol 2006; 21:14-29. [PMID: 17021053 DOI: 10.1210/me.2006-0041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The progesterone receptor (PR) is a critical mediator of progesterone action in the female reproductive system. Expressed in the human as two proteins, PRA and PRB, the receptor is a ligand-activated nuclear transcription factor that regulates transcription by interaction with protein cofactors and binding to specific response elements in target genes. We previously reported that PR was located in discrete subnuclear foci in human endometrium. In this study, we investigated the role of ligand in the formation of PR foci and their association with transcriptional activity. PR foci were detected in mouse uterus and normal human breast tissues and were more abundant when circulating progesterone was high. In human malignant tissues, PR foci were aberrant: foci were larger in endometrial cancers than in normal endometrium, and in breast cancers hormone-dependence was decreased. Chromatin disruption also increased foci size and decreased ligand dependence, suggesting that altered nuclear architecture may contribute to the aberrant PR foci observed in endometrial and breast cancers. In breast cancer cells, movement of PR into foci required exposure to ligand and was blocked by transcriptional inhibitors and by prolonged inhibition of proteasomal degradation. Foci contained PR dimers, and fluorescence resonance energy transfer demonstrated that PR foci contained the highest concentration of receptor dimers in the nucleus. PR in foci colocalized with transcription factors and nascent RNA transcripts only in the presence of ligand, and inhibition of coactivator recruitment inhibited PR foci formation. The demonstration that focal distribution of PR within the nucleus is associated with transcription suggests a link between the subnuclear distribution of PR and its transcriptional activity that is likely to be important for normal cellular function of PR.
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Karvonen U, Jänne OA, Palvimo JJ. Androgen receptor regulates nuclear trafficking and nuclear domain residency of corepressor HDAC7 in a ligand-dependent fashion. Exp Cell Res 2006; 312:3165-83. [PMID: 16860317 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2006.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2006] [Revised: 06/13/2006] [Accepted: 06/14/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
In addition to chromosomal proteins, histone deacetylases (HDACs) target transcription factors in transcriptional repression. Here, we show that the class II HDAC family member HDAC7 is an efficient corepressor of the androgen receptor (AR). HDAC7 resided in the cytoplasm in the absence of AR or a cognate ligand, but hormone-occupancy of AR induced nuclear transfer of HDAC7. Nuclear colocalization pattern of AR and HDAC7 was dependent on the nature of the ligand. In the presence of testosterone, a portion of HDAC7 localized to pearl-like nuclear domains, whereas AR occupied with antagonistic ligands cyproterone acetate- or casodex (bicalutamide) recruited HDAC7 from these domains to colocalize with the receptor in speckles and nucleoplasm in a more complete fashion. Ectopic expression of PML-3 relieved the repressive effect of HDAC7 on AR function by sequestering HDAC7 to PML-3 domains. AR acetylation at Lys630/632/633 was not the target of HDAC7 repression, since repression of AR function was independent of these acetylation sites. Moreover, the deacetylase activity of HDAC7 was in part dispensable in the repression of AR function. In sum, our results identify HDAC7 as a novel AR corepressor whose subcellular and subnuclear compartmentalization can be regulated in an androgen-selective manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulla Karvonen
- Biomedicum Helsinki, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Helsinki, PO Box 63, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
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