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Rathnayake DS, Dlamini S, Elkalawozgy K, Tillekeratne LMV, Taylor WR. Mutant p53 reactivators protect breast cancer cells from ferroptosis. Cell Biochem Funct 2024; 42:e4036. [PMID: 38778584 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.4036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a novel nonapoptotic form of cell death characterized by iron-dependent reactive oxygen species-mediated lipid peroxidation. In several different cell systems, the tumor suppressor p53 can enhance sensitivity to ferroptotic inducers. At least half of all human cancers show loss of function of p53. Furthermore, many of those tumors express mutant forms of p53 that has lost its wild-type function. Several groups have designed small molecules that can reactivate the wild-type function of these missense p53 mutants. We reasoned that p53 reactivators may also enhance sensitivity of certain cancer cells to ferroptosis stimuli. To test this idea we combined a number of different p53 reactivators with small molecule inducers of ferroptosis. In contrast, we observed that several p53 reactivators protected cells from cell death induced by ferroptotic inducers. Surprisingly, this protection still occurred in p53-null cell lines. We observed that these reactivators were neither free radical scavengers nor ion chelators. One of these p53 reactivator molecules, NSC 59984, reduced expression of GPX4, which is unlikely to explain its ability to reduce sensitivity to ferroptosis. We suggest that these p53 reactivators function via an unknown, p53-independent manner to suppress ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Samkeliso Dlamini
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Kadry Elkalawozgy
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | | | - William R Taylor
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, USA
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2
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Chen C, Chen H, Wang P, Wang X, Wang X, Chen C, Pan W. Reactive Oxygen Species Activate a Ferritin-Linked TRPV4 Channel under a Static Magnetic Field. ACS Chem Biol 2024; 19:1151-1160. [PMID: 38648729 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.4c00090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Magnetogenetics has shown great potential for cell function and neuromodulation using heat or force effects under different magnetic fields; however, there is still a contradiction between experimental effects and underlying mechanisms by theoretical computation. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in mechanical force-dependent regulation from a physicochemical perspective. The transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) cation channels fused to ferritin (T4F) were overexpressed in HEK293T cells and exposed to static magnetic fields (sMF, 1.4-5.0 mT; gradient: 1.62 mT/cm). An elevation of ROS levels was found under sMF in T4F-overexpressing cells, which could lead to lipid oxidation. Compared with the overexpression of TRPV4, ferritin in T4F promoted the generation of ROS under the stimulation of sMF, probably related to the release of iron ions from ferritin. Then, the resulting ROS regulated the opening of the TRPV4 channel, which was attenuated by the direct addition of ROS inhibitors or an iron ion chelator, highlighting a close relationship among iron release, ROS production, and TRPV4 channel activation. Taken together, these findings indicate that the produced ROS under sMF act on the TRPV4 channel, regulating the influx of calcium ions. The study would provide a scientific basis for the application of magnetic regulation in cellular or neural regulation and disease treatment and contribute to the development of the more sensitive regulatory technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changyou Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioelectromagnetism, Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- France-China International Laboratory of Evolution and Development of Magnetotactic Multicellular Organisms, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Haitao Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioelectromagnetism, Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- France-China International Laboratory of Evolution and Development of Magnetotactic Multicellular Organisms, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Pingping Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioelectromagnetism, Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- France-China International Laboratory of Evolution and Development of Magnetotactic Multicellular Organisms, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xue Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioelectromagnetism, Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- France-China International Laboratory of Evolution and Development of Magnetotactic Multicellular Organisms, Beijing 100190, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xuting Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioelectromagnetism, Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- France-China International Laboratory of Evolution and Development of Magnetotactic Multicellular Organisms, Beijing 100190, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chuanfang Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioelectromagnetism, Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- France-China International Laboratory of Evolution and Development of Magnetotactic Multicellular Organisms, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Weidong Pan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioelectromagnetism, Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- France-China International Laboratory of Evolution and Development of Magnetotactic Multicellular Organisms, Beijing 100190, China
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3
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Chen C, Chen H, Wang P, Wang X, Wang X, Chen C. Ca 2+ Overload Decreased Cellular Viability in Magnetic Hyperthermia without a Macroscopic Temperature Rise. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2024; 10:2995-3005. [PMID: 38654432 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c01875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Magnetic hyperthermia is a crucial medical engineering technique for treating diseases, which usually uses alternating magnetic fields (AMF) to interplay with magnetic substances to generate heat. Recently, it has been found that in some cases, there is no detectable temperature increment after applying an AMF, which caused corresponding effects surprisingly. The mechanisms involved in this phenomenon are not yet fully understood. In this study, we aimed to explore the role of Ca2+ overload in the magnetic hyperthermia effect without a perceptible temperature rise. A cellular system expressing the fusion proteins TRPV1 and ferritin was prepared. The application of an AMF (518 kHz, 16 kA/m) could induce the fusion protein to release a large amount of iron ions, which then participates in the production of massive reactive oxygen radicals (ROS). Both ROS and its induced lipid oxidation enticed the opening of ion channels, causing intracellular Ca2+ overload, which further led to decreased cellular viability. Taken together, Ca2+ overload triggered by elevated ROS and the induced oxidation of lipids contributes to the magnetic hyperthermia effect without a perceptible temperature rise. These findings would be beneficial for expanding the application of temperature-free magnetic hyperthermia, such as in cellular and neural regulation, design of new cancer treatment methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changyou Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioelectromagnetism, Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- France-China International Laboratory of Evolution and Development of Magnetotactic Multicellular Organisms, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Haitao Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioelectromagnetism, Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- France-China International Laboratory of Evolution and Development of Magnetotactic Multicellular Organisms, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Pingping Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioelectromagnetism, Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- France-China International Laboratory of Evolution and Development of Magnetotactic Multicellular Organisms, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xue Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioelectromagnetism, Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- France-China International Laboratory of Evolution and Development of Magnetotactic Multicellular Organisms, Beijing 100190, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xuting Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioelectromagnetism, Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- France-China International Laboratory of Evolution and Development of Magnetotactic Multicellular Organisms, Beijing 100190, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chuanfang Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioelectromagnetism, Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- France-China International Laboratory of Evolution and Development of Magnetotactic Multicellular Organisms, Beijing 100190, China
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4
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Yabaji SM, Zhernovkov V, Araveti PB, Lata S, Rukhlenko OS, Abdullatif SA, Alekseev Y, Ma Q, Dayama G, Lau NC, Bishai WR, Crossland NA, Campbell JD, Kholodenko BN, Gimelbrant AA, Kobzik L, Kramnik I. Myc Dysregulation in Activated Macrophages Initiates Iron-Mediated Lipid Peroxidation that Fuels Type I Interferon and Compromises TB Resistance. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.05.583602. [PMID: 38496444 PMCID: PMC10942339 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.05.583602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
A quarter of human population is infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, but less than 10% of those infected develop clinical, mostly pulmonary, TB. To dissect mechanisms of susceptibility in immunocompetent individuals, we developed a genetically defined sst1-susceptible mouse model that uniquely reproduces a defining feature of human TB: development of necrotic lung lesions after infection with virulent Mtb. In this study, we explored the connectivity of the sst1-regulated pathways during prolonged macrophage activation with TNF. We determined that the aberrant response of the sst1-susceptible macrophages to TNF was primarily driven by conflicting Myc and antioxidant response pathways that resulted in a coordinated failure to properly sequester intracellular iron and activate ferroptosis inhibitor enzymes. Consequently, iron-mediated lipid peroxidation fueled IFNβ superinduction and sustained the Type I Interferon (IFN-I) pathway hyperactivity that locked the sst1-susceptible macrophages in a state of unresolving stress and compromised their resistance to Mtb. The accumulation of the aberrantly activated, stressed, macrophages within granuloma microenvironment led to the local failure of anti-tuberculosis immunity and tissue necrosis. Our findings suggest a novel link between metabolic dysregulation in macrophages and susceptibility to TB, offering insights into potential therapeutic targets aimed at modulating macrophage function and improving TB control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivraj M. Yabaji
- The National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Boston University, Boston, MA
| | - Vadim Zhernovkov
- Systems Biology Ireland, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | | | - Suruchi Lata
- The National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Boston University, Boston, MA
| | - Oleksii S. Rukhlenko
- Systems Biology Ireland, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Salam Al Abdullatif
- Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Yuriy Alekseev
- The Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118
| | - Qicheng Ma
- Department of Biochemistry, and Cell Biology and Genome Science Institute, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine
| | - Gargi Dayama
- Department of Biochemistry, and Cell Biology and Genome Science Institute, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine
| | - Nelson C. Lau
- The National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Boston University, Boston, MA
- Department of Biochemistry, and Cell Biology and Genome Science Institute, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine
| | - William R. Bishai
- Center for TB Research, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Nicholas A. Crossland
- The National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Boston University, Boston, MA
- The Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118
| | - Joshua D. Campbell
- Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Boris N. Kholodenko
- Systems Biology Ireland, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
- Conway Institute of Biomolecular & Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven CT, USA
| | | | | | - Igor Kramnik
- The National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Boston University, Boston, MA
- Pulmonary Center, The Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine
- Dept. of Microbiology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine
- Lead contact
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5
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Abbasi U, Abbina S, Gill A, Kizhakkedathu JN. Development of an iron overload HepG2 cell model using ferrous ammonium citrate. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21915. [PMID: 38081916 PMCID: PMC10713717 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49072-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell-based iron overload models provide tremendous utility for the investigations into the pathogenesis of different diseases as well as assessing efficacy of various therapeutic strategies. In the literature, establishing such models vary widely with regards to cell lines, iron source, iron treatment conditions and duration. Due to this diversity, researchers reported significant differences in the measured outcomes, either in cellular function or response to a stimulus. Herein, we report the process required to establish an iron overload HepG2 cell model to achieve a consistent and reproducible results such that the literature can strive towards a consensus. Iron loading in cells was achieved with 50 μM of iron every 24 h for 2 days, followed by an additional 24 h of maintenance in fresh media. We demonstrated that iron overloaded cells had significantly increased ROS generation, labile and total iron whilst having various cellular functions resemble cells without iron overload. The present report addresses key pitfalls with regards to the lack of consensus currently present in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usama Abbasi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Centre for Blood Research, Life Sciences Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Srinivas Abbina
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Centre for Blood Research, Life Sciences Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Arshdeep Gill
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Centre for Blood Research, Life Sciences Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jayachandran N Kizhakkedathu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
- Centre for Blood Research, Life Sciences Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
- The School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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6
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Shan K, Fu G, Li J, Qi Y, Feng N, Li Y, Chen YQ. Cis-monounsaturated fatty acids inhibit ferroptosis through downregulation of transferrin receptor 1. Nutr Res 2023; 118:29-40. [PMID: 37544230 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2023.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Ferroptosis, a form of cell death mediated by lipid peroxidation, is implicated in various pathological processes. Although monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) can inhibit ferroptotic lipid peroxidation, the underlying structural mechanism of this antagonistic effect remains poorly understood. We hypothesized that MUFAs with different structures (including chain length, conformation, and double bond position) may affect their regulatory effect on ferroptosis. In this study, 11 MUFAs with varying structures were screened to identify those with an inhibitory effect on ferroptosis. Results from 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromide assays indicated that only exogenous MUFAs with cis-conformation and centered double bond could inhibit ferroptosis. Meanwhile, it was found that suppressing the expression of SCD1 and SCD5 genes could sensitize cells to ferroptosis indicating the protective role of endogenous MUFA against ferroptosis. Additionally, western blot analysis revealed that cis-MUFAs with centered double bond downregulated the protein levels of transferrin receptor 1. Flow cytometry confirmed that these MUFAs led to decreases in intracellular iron, reactive oxygen species, and lipid peroxides. It was also found that SCD1 inhibitor could enhance ferroptosis inducer-mediated tumor suppression both in vivo and in vitro. Overall, these findings shed light on the particular structural features of MUFAs that contribute to their ferroptosis-resistant properties and suggest the potential therapeutic relevance of natural MUFAs in a range of ferroptosis-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Shan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210000, China; Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, China
| | - Guoling Fu
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, China
| | - Jiaqi Li
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, China
| | - Yumin Qi
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, China; Department of Urology, Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214000, China
| | - Ninghan Feng
- Department of Urology, Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214000, China
| | - Yongsheng Li
- Zhejiang Tianxiazhengfang Agricultural Development Limited, Wucheng Linjiang Industrial Park 1, Jinhua, Zhejiang Province, 321000, China
| | - Yong Q Chen
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, China.
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7
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Baruah P, Moorthy H, Ramesh M, Padhi D, Govindaraju T. A natural polyphenol activates and enhances GPX4 to mitigate amyloid-β induced ferroptosis in Alzheimer's disease. Chem Sci 2023; 14:9427-9438. [PMID: 37712018 PMCID: PMC10498722 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc02350h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis, an iron-dependent cell death, plays a crucial role in the pathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Several characteristics of AD, including excessive iron accumulation, elevated lipid peroxide and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and decreased glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) levels, align with the features of ferroptosis. While traditional methods of inhibiting ferroptosis have centered on chelating Fe and trapping radicals, therapeutic strategies that modulate the GPX4 axis to mitigate ferroptosis in AD are yet to be explored. This report introduces naturally occurring polyphenols (PPs) as dual-acting therapeutic agents to synergistically alleviate ferroptosis and AD. The mechanisms of action encompass modulation of amyloid and tau cascade, reduction of oxidative stress, mitochondrial rescue, and inhibition of ferroptosis. For the first time, we show that a single multifunctional molecule, tannic acid (TA) binds at the activator site of GPX4, augmenting both its activity and cellular levels, providing a conceptually innovative and integrated approach for treating AD via the GPX4-ferroptosis axis. The ability of TA to enhance GPX4 levels under conditions of AD pathology opens up newer promising therapeutic avenues for combating the crosstalk between ferroptosis and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prayasee Baruah
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, New Chemistry Unit, The School of Advanced Materials (SAMat), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR) Bengaluru 560064 Karnataka India
| | - Hariharan Moorthy
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, New Chemistry Unit, The School of Advanced Materials (SAMat), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR) Bengaluru 560064 Karnataka India
| | - Madhu Ramesh
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, New Chemistry Unit, The School of Advanced Materials (SAMat), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR) Bengaluru 560064 Karnataka India
| | - Dikshaa Padhi
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, New Chemistry Unit, The School of Advanced Materials (SAMat), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR) Bengaluru 560064 Karnataka India
| | - Thimmaiah Govindaraju
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, New Chemistry Unit, The School of Advanced Materials (SAMat), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR) Bengaluru 560064 Karnataka India
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8
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Hider RC, Pourzand C, Ma Y, Cilibrizzi A. Optical Imaging Opportunities to Inspect the Nature of Cytosolic Iron Pools. Molecules 2023; 28:6467. [PMID: 37764245 PMCID: PMC10537325 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28186467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The chemical nature of intracellular labile iron pools (LIPs) is described. By virtue of the kinetic lability of these pools, it is suggested that the isolation of such species by chromatography methods will not be possible, but rather mass spectrometric techniques should be adopted. Iron-sensitive fluorescent probes, which have been developed for the detection and quantification of LIP, are described, including those specifically designed to monitor cytosolic, mitochondrial, and lysosomal LIPs. The potential of near-infrared (NIR) probes for in vivo monitoring of LIP is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Charles Hider
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King’s College London, London SE1 9NH, UK
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK;
| | - Charareh Pourzand
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK;
- Centre for Therapeutic Innovation, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
- Centre for Bioengineering and Biomedical Technologies, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Yongmin Ma
- Institute of Advanced Studies, School of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering, Taizhou University, 1139 Shifu Avenue, Taizhou 318000, China;
| | - Agostino Cilibrizzi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King’s College London, London SE1 9NH, UK
- Centre for Therapeutic Innovation, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
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9
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Cutts A, Chowdhury S, Ratkay LG, Eyers M, Young C, Namdari R, Cadieux JA, Chahal N, Grimwood M, Zhang Z, Lin S, Tietjen I, Xie Z, Robinette L, Sojo L, Waldbrook M, Hayden M, Mansour T, Pimstone S, Goldberg YP, Webb M, Cohen CJ. Potent, Gut-Restricted Inhibitors of Divalent Metal Transporter 1: Preclinical Efficacy against Iron Overload and Safety Evaluation. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2023; 386:4-14. [PMID: 36958846 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.122.001435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1) cotransports ferrous iron and protons and is the primary mechanism for uptake of nonheme iron by enterocytes. Inhibitors are potentially useful as therapeutic agents to treat iron overload disorders such as hereditary hemochromatosis or β-thalassemia intermedia, provided that inhibition can be restricted to the duodenum. We used a calcein quench assay to identify human DMT1 inhibitors. Dimeric compounds were made to generate more potent compounds with low systemic exposure. Direct block of DMT1 was confirmed by voltage clamp measurements. The lead compound, XEN602, strongly inhibits dietary nonheme iron uptake in both rats and pigs yet has negligible systemic exposure. Efficacy is maintained for >2 weeks in a rat subchronic dosing assay. Doses that lowered iron content in the spleen and liver by >50% had no effect on the tissue content of other divalent cations except for cobalt. XEN602 represents a powerful pharmacological tool for understanding the physiologic function of DMT1 in the gut. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This report introduces methodology to develop potent, gut-restricted inhibitors of divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1) and identifies XEN602 as a suitable compound for in vivo studies. We also report novel animal models to quantify the inhibition of dietary uptake of iron in both rodents and pigs. This research shows that inhibition of DMT1 is a promising means to treat iron overload disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Cutts
- Xenon Pharmaceuticals Inc., Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada(A.C., S.C., L.G.R., M.E., C.Y., R.N., J.A.C., N.C., M.G., Z.Z., S.L., I.T., Z.X., L.R., L.S., M.W., M.H., T.M., S.P., Y.P.G., M.W., C.J.C.) and Division of General Internal Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (S.P.)
| | - Sultan Chowdhury
- Xenon Pharmaceuticals Inc., Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada(A.C., S.C., L.G.R., M.E., C.Y., R.N., J.A.C., N.C., M.G., Z.Z., S.L., I.T., Z.X., L.R., L.S., M.W., M.H., T.M., S.P., Y.P.G., M.W., C.J.C.) and Division of General Internal Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (S.P.)
| | - Laszlo G Ratkay
- Xenon Pharmaceuticals Inc., Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada(A.C., S.C., L.G.R., M.E., C.Y., R.N., J.A.C., N.C., M.G., Z.Z., S.L., I.T., Z.X., L.R., L.S., M.W., M.H., T.M., S.P., Y.P.G., M.W., C.J.C.) and Division of General Internal Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (S.P.)
| | - Maryanne Eyers
- Xenon Pharmaceuticals Inc., Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada(A.C., S.C., L.G.R., M.E., C.Y., R.N., J.A.C., N.C., M.G., Z.Z., S.L., I.T., Z.X., L.R., L.S., M.W., M.H., T.M., S.P., Y.P.G., M.W., C.J.C.) and Division of General Internal Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (S.P.)
| | - Clint Young
- Xenon Pharmaceuticals Inc., Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada(A.C., S.C., L.G.R., M.E., C.Y., R.N., J.A.C., N.C., M.G., Z.Z., S.L., I.T., Z.X., L.R., L.S., M.W., M.H., T.M., S.P., Y.P.G., M.W., C.J.C.) and Division of General Internal Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (S.P.)
| | - Rostam Namdari
- Xenon Pharmaceuticals Inc., Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada(A.C., S.C., L.G.R., M.E., C.Y., R.N., J.A.C., N.C., M.G., Z.Z., S.L., I.T., Z.X., L.R., L.S., M.W., M.H., T.M., S.P., Y.P.G., M.W., C.J.C.) and Division of General Internal Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (S.P.)
| | - Jay A Cadieux
- Xenon Pharmaceuticals Inc., Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada(A.C., S.C., L.G.R., M.E., C.Y., R.N., J.A.C., N.C., M.G., Z.Z., S.L., I.T., Z.X., L.R., L.S., M.W., M.H., T.M., S.P., Y.P.G., M.W., C.J.C.) and Division of General Internal Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (S.P.)
| | - Navjot Chahal
- Xenon Pharmaceuticals Inc., Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada(A.C., S.C., L.G.R., M.E., C.Y., R.N., J.A.C., N.C., M.G., Z.Z., S.L., I.T., Z.X., L.R., L.S., M.W., M.H., T.M., S.P., Y.P.G., M.W., C.J.C.) and Division of General Internal Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (S.P.)
| | - Michael Grimwood
- Xenon Pharmaceuticals Inc., Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada(A.C., S.C., L.G.R., M.E., C.Y., R.N., J.A.C., N.C., M.G., Z.Z., S.L., I.T., Z.X., L.R., L.S., M.W., M.H., T.M., S.P., Y.P.G., M.W., C.J.C.) and Division of General Internal Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (S.P.)
| | - Zaihui Zhang
- Xenon Pharmaceuticals Inc., Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada(A.C., S.C., L.G.R., M.E., C.Y., R.N., J.A.C., N.C., M.G., Z.Z., S.L., I.T., Z.X., L.R., L.S., M.W., M.H., T.M., S.P., Y.P.G., M.W., C.J.C.) and Division of General Internal Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (S.P.)
| | - Sophia Lin
- Xenon Pharmaceuticals Inc., Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada(A.C., S.C., L.G.R., M.E., C.Y., R.N., J.A.C., N.C., M.G., Z.Z., S.L., I.T., Z.X., L.R., L.S., M.W., M.H., T.M., S.P., Y.P.G., M.W., C.J.C.) and Division of General Internal Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (S.P.)
| | - Ian Tietjen
- Xenon Pharmaceuticals Inc., Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada(A.C., S.C., L.G.R., M.E., C.Y., R.N., J.A.C., N.C., M.G., Z.Z., S.L., I.T., Z.X., L.R., L.S., M.W., M.H., T.M., S.P., Y.P.G., M.W., C.J.C.) and Division of General Internal Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (S.P.)
| | - Zhiwei Xie
- Xenon Pharmaceuticals Inc., Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada(A.C., S.C., L.G.R., M.E., C.Y., R.N., J.A.C., N.C., M.G., Z.Z., S.L., I.T., Z.X., L.R., L.S., M.W., M.H., T.M., S.P., Y.P.G., M.W., C.J.C.) and Division of General Internal Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (S.P.)
| | - Lee Robinette
- Xenon Pharmaceuticals Inc., Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada(A.C., S.C., L.G.R., M.E., C.Y., R.N., J.A.C., N.C., M.G., Z.Z., S.L., I.T., Z.X., L.R., L.S., M.W., M.H., T.M., S.P., Y.P.G., M.W., C.J.C.) and Division of General Internal Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (S.P.)
| | - Luis Sojo
- Xenon Pharmaceuticals Inc., Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada(A.C., S.C., L.G.R., M.E., C.Y., R.N., J.A.C., N.C., M.G., Z.Z., S.L., I.T., Z.X., L.R., L.S., M.W., M.H., T.M., S.P., Y.P.G., M.W., C.J.C.) and Division of General Internal Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (S.P.)
| | - Matthew Waldbrook
- Xenon Pharmaceuticals Inc., Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada(A.C., S.C., L.G.R., M.E., C.Y., R.N., J.A.C., N.C., M.G., Z.Z., S.L., I.T., Z.X., L.R., L.S., M.W., M.H., T.M., S.P., Y.P.G., M.W., C.J.C.) and Division of General Internal Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (S.P.)
| | - Michael Hayden
- Xenon Pharmaceuticals Inc., Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada(A.C., S.C., L.G.R., M.E., C.Y., R.N., J.A.C., N.C., M.G., Z.Z., S.L., I.T., Z.X., L.R., L.S., M.W., M.H., T.M., S.P., Y.P.G., M.W., C.J.C.) and Division of General Internal Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (S.P.)
| | - Tarek Mansour
- Xenon Pharmaceuticals Inc., Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada(A.C., S.C., L.G.R., M.E., C.Y., R.N., J.A.C., N.C., M.G., Z.Z., S.L., I.T., Z.X., L.R., L.S., M.W., M.H., T.M., S.P., Y.P.G., M.W., C.J.C.) and Division of General Internal Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (S.P.)
| | - Simon Pimstone
- Xenon Pharmaceuticals Inc., Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada(A.C., S.C., L.G.R., M.E., C.Y., R.N., J.A.C., N.C., M.G., Z.Z., S.L., I.T., Z.X., L.R., L.S., M.W., M.H., T.M., S.P., Y.P.G., M.W., C.J.C.) and Division of General Internal Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (S.P.)
| | - Y Paul Goldberg
- Xenon Pharmaceuticals Inc., Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada(A.C., S.C., L.G.R., M.E., C.Y., R.N., J.A.C., N.C., M.G., Z.Z., S.L., I.T., Z.X., L.R., L.S., M.W., M.H., T.M., S.P., Y.P.G., M.W., C.J.C.) and Division of General Internal Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (S.P.)
| | - Michael Webb
- Xenon Pharmaceuticals Inc., Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada(A.C., S.C., L.G.R., M.E., C.Y., R.N., J.A.C., N.C., M.G., Z.Z., S.L., I.T., Z.X., L.R., L.S., M.W., M.H., T.M., S.P., Y.P.G., M.W., C.J.C.) and Division of General Internal Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (S.P.)
| | - Charles J Cohen
- Xenon Pharmaceuticals Inc., Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada(A.C., S.C., L.G.R., M.E., C.Y., R.N., J.A.C., N.C., M.G., Z.Z., S.L., I.T., Z.X., L.R., L.S., M.W., M.H., T.M., S.P., Y.P.G., M.W., C.J.C.) and Division of General Internal Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (S.P.)
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10
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Xiao G, Li H, Zhao M, Zhou B. Assessing metal ion transporting activity of ZIPs: Intracellular zinc and iron detection. Methods Enzymol 2023; 687:157-184. [PMID: 37666631 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2023.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Zrt/Irt-like proteins (ZIPs or SLC39A) are a large family of metal ion transporters mainly responsible for zinc uptake. Some ZIPs have been shown to specifically transport zinc, whereas others have broader substrate specificity in divalent metal ion trafficking, notably those of zinc and iron ions. Measuring intracellular zinc and iron levels helps assess their molecular and physiological activities. This chapter presents step-by-step methods for evaluating intracellular metal ion concentrations, including direct measurement using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), chemical staining, fluorescent probes, and indirect reporter assays such as activity analysis of enzymes whose activities are dependent on metal ion availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiran Xiao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Huihui Li
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, P.R. China
| | - Mengran Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive Disease, Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Bing Zhou
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, P.R. China.
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11
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Brawley H, Kreinbrink AC, Hierholzer JD, Vali SW, Lindahl PA. Labile Iron Pool of Isolated Escherichia coli Cytosol Likely Includes Fe-ATP and Fe-Citrate but not Fe-Glutathione or Aqueous Fe. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:2104-2117. [PMID: 36661842 PMCID: PMC9896560 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c06625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The existence of labile iron pools (LFePs) in biological systems has been recognized for decades, but their chemical composition remains uncertain. Here, the LFeP in cytosol from Escherichia coli was investigated. Mössbauer spectra of whole vs lysed cells indicated significant degradation of iron-sulfur clusters (ISCs), even using an unusually gentle lysis procedure; this demonstrated the fragility of ISCs. Moreover, the released iron contributed to the non-heme high-spin Fe(II) species in the cell, which likely included the LFeP. Cytosol batches isolated from cells grown with different levels of iron supplementation were passed through a 3 kDa cutoff membrane, and resulting flow-through-solutions (FTSs) were subjected to SEC-ICP-MS. Mössbauer spectroscopy was used to evaluate the oxidation states of standards. FTSs exhibited iron-detected peaks likely due to different forms of Fe-citrate and Fe-nucleotide triphosphate complexes. Fe-Glutathione (GSH) complexes were not detected using physiological concentrations of GSH mixed with either Fe(II) or Fe(III); Fe(II)-GSH was concluded not to be a significant component of the LFeP in E. coli under physiological conditions. Aqueous iron was also not present in significant concentrations in isolated cytosol and is unlikely a major component of the pool. Fe appeared to bind ATP more tightly than citrate, but ATP also hydrolyzed on the timescale of tens of hours. Isolated cytosol contained excess ligands that coordinated the added Fe(II) and Fe(III). The LFeP in healthy metabolically active cells is undoubtedly dominated by the Fe(II) state, but the LFeP is redox-active such that a fraction might be present as stable and soluble Fe(III) complexes especially under oxidatively stressed cellular conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayley
N. Brawley
- Department
of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3255, United States
| | - Alexia C. Kreinbrink
- Department
of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M
University, College
Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Justin D. Hierholzer
- Department
of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M
University, College
Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Shaik Waseem Vali
- Department
of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M
University, College
Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Paul A. Lindahl
- Department
of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3255, United States
- Department
of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M
University, College
Station, Texas 77843, United States
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12
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Xi J, Tian LL, Xi J, Girimpuhwe D, Huang C, Ma R, Yao X, Shi D, Bai Z, Wu QX, Fang J. Alterperylenol as a Novel Thioredoxin Reductase Inhibitor Induces Liver Cancer Cell Apoptosis and Ferroptosis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:15763-15775. [PMID: 36472370 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c05339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Natural products are a rich resource for discovering innovational drugs. Herein, we isolated and characterized two compounds dihydroalterperylenol (DAP) and alterperylenol (AP) from Alternaria sp. MG1, an endophytic fungus isolated from Vitis quinquangularis, and investigated the underlying antitumor mechanism of AP. Mechanistically, AP inhibits the growth of HepG2 cells by targeting the selenoprotein thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) and ultimately induces cell apoptosis and ferroptosis. Compared to DAP, the α,β-unsaturated carbonyl structure of AP is an indispensable moiety for its antitumor activity and TrxR inhibition. Specifically, inhibition of TrxR causes the extensive reactive oxygen species and consequently results in DNA damage, G2/M cell cycle arrest, and mitochondrial fission. Furthermore, ferroptosis is driven via excess toxic lipid peroxidation and elevation of intracellular iron levels via regulating iron-related proteins. In vivo validation also shows that AP owns anticancer activity in xenograft mice. Collectively, our results disclose a novel natural TrxR inhibitor AP exerting the antitumor effect via inducing cell apoptosis and ferroptosis and evidence that AP is a promising candidate agent for liver carcinoma therapy. The link of TrxR inhibition to ferroptosis further highlights the physiological importance of TrxR in regulating ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junmin Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou730000, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou730000, China
| | - Li-Li Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou730000, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou730000, China
| | - Jiahui Xi
- General Surgery Department, Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Regenerative Medicine, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Desire Girimpuhwe
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou730000, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou730000, China
| | - Chongfei Huang
- General Surgery Department, Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Regenerative Medicine, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Ruixia Ma
- General Surgery Department, Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Regenerative Medicine, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Xiaojun Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou730000, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou730000, China
| | - Danfeng Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou730000, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou730000, China
| | - Zhongtian Bai
- General Surgery Department, Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Regenerative Medicine, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Quan-Xiang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou730000, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou730000, China
| | - Jianguo Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou730000, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou730000, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu210094, China
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13
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Xi J, Zhang Z, Wang Z, Wu Q, He Y, Xu Y, Ding Z, Zhao H, Da H, Zhang F, Zhao H, Fang J. Hinokitiol functions as a ferroptosis inhibitor to confer neuroprotection. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 190:202-215. [PMID: 35985562 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The intrinsic link of ferroptosis to neurodegeneration, such as Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease, has set promises to apply ferroptosis inhibitors for treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. Herein, we report that the natural small molecule hinokitiol (Hino) functions as a potent ferroptosis inhibitor to rescue neuronal damages in vitro and in vivo. The action mechanisms of Hino involve chelating irons and activating cytoprotective transcription factor Nrf2 to upregulate the antioxidant genes including solute carrier family 7 member 11, glutathione peroxidase 4 and Heme oxygenase-1. In vivo studies demonstrate that Hino rescues the deficits of locomotor activity and neurodevelopment in zebrafishes. In addition, Hino shows the efficient blood-brain barrier permeability in mice, supporting the application of Hino for brain disorders. Paclitaxel is one of the most widely used broad-spectrum antineoplastic agents. However, its neurotoxic side effect is a severe concern. We demonstrate that the neurotoxicity of paclitaxel is ferroptosis-related and Hino also alleviates the paclitaxel-induced neurotoxicity without compromising its cytotoxicity to cancer cells. Hino also salvages the neurobehavioral impairment by paclitaxel in zebrafishes. Collectively, the discovery of Hino as a novel ferroptosis inhibitor and disclosure of its action mechanisms establish a foundation for the further development of Hino as a neuroprotective agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junmin Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China; School of Life Sciences, Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Zhijun Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Zuo Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Qingfeng Wu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Ying He
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yanyi Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Zhenjiang Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Huanhuan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Honghong Da
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Fang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Haiyu Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
| | - Jianguo Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China.
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14
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Hausig-Punke F, Richter F, Hoernke M, Brendel JC, Traeger A. Tracking the Endosomal Escape: A Closer Look at Calcein and Related Reporters. Macromol Biosci 2022; 22:e2200167. [PMID: 35933579 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202200167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Crossing the cellular membrane and delivering active pharmaceuticals or biologicals into the cytosol of cells is an essential step in the development of nanomedicines. One of the most important intracellular processes regarding the cellular uptake of biologicals is the endolysosomal pathway. Sophisticated nanocarriers have been developed overcoming a major hurdle, the endosomal entrapment, and delivering their cargo to the required site of action. In parallel, in vitro assays have been established analyzing the performance of these nanocarriers. Among them, the release of the membrane-impermeable dye calcein has become a popular and straightforward method. It is accessible for most researchers worldwide, allows for rapid conclusions about the release potential, and enables the study of release mechanisms. This review is intended to provide an overview and guidance for scientists applying the calcein release assay. It comprises a survey of several applications in the study of endosomal escape, considerations of potential pitfalls, challenges and limitations of the assay, and a brief summary of complementary methods. Based on this review, we hope to encourage further research groups to take advantage of the calcein release assay for their own purposes and help to create a database for more efficient cross-correlations between nanocarriers. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Hausig-Punke
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743, Jena, Germany.,Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Friederike Richter
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743, Jena, Germany.,Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Maria Hoernke
- Chemistry and Pharmacy, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Str. 9, 79104, Freiburg i.Br., Germany
| | - Johannes C Brendel
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743, Jena, Germany.,Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Anja Traeger
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743, Jena, Germany.,Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany
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15
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GOT1 inhibition promotes pancreatic cancer cell death by ferroptosis. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4860. [PMID: 34381026 PMCID: PMC8357841 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24859-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer metabolism is rewired to support cell survival in response to intrinsic and environmental stressors. Identification of strategies to target these adaptions is an area of active research. We previously described a cytosolic aspartate aminotransaminase (GOT1)-driven pathway in pancreatic cancer used to maintain redox balance. Here, we sought to identify metabolic dependencies following GOT1 inhibition to exploit this feature of pancreatic cancer and to provide additional insight into regulation of redox metabolism. Using pharmacological methods, we identify cysteine, glutathione, and lipid antioxidant function as metabolic vulnerabilities following GOT1 withdrawal. We demonstrate that targeting any of these pathways triggers ferroptosis, an oxidative, iron-dependent form of cell death, in GOT1 knockdown cells. Mechanistically, we reveal that GOT1 inhibition represses mitochondrial metabolism and promotes a catabolic state. Consequently, we find that this enhances labile iron availability through autophagy, which potentiates the activity of ferroptotic stimuli. Overall, our study identifies a biochemical connection between GOT1, iron regulation, and ferroptosis.
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16
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Camarena V, Huff TC, Wang G. Epigenomic regulation by labile iron. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 170:44-49. [PMID: 33493555 PMCID: PMC8217092 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Iron is an essential micronutrient metal for cellular functions but can generate highly reactive oxygen species resulting in oxidative damage. For these reasons its uptake and metabolism is highly regulated. A small but dynamic fraction of ferrous iron inside the cell, termed intracellular labile iron, is redox-reactive and ready to participate multiples reactions of intracellular enzymes. Due to its nature its determination and precise quantification has been a roadblock. However, recent progress in the development of intracellular labile iron probes are allowing the reevaluation of our current understanding and unmasking new functions. The role of intracellular labile iron in regulating the epigenome was recently discovered. This chapter examine how intracellular labile iron can modulate histone and DNA demethylation and how its pool can mediate a signaling pathway from cAMP serving as a sensor of the metabolic needs of the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Camarena
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Tyler C Huff
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Gaofeng Wang
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
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17
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Abbasi U, Abbina S, Gill A, Bhagat V, Kizhakkedathu JN. A facile colorimetric method for the quantification of labile iron pool and total iron in cells and tissue specimens. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6008. [PMID: 33727584 PMCID: PMC7971025 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85387-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Quantification of iron is an important step to assess the iron burden in patients suffering from iron overload diseases, as well as tremendous value in understanding the underlying role of iron in the pathophysiology of these diseases. Current iron determination of total or labile iron, requires extensive sample handling and specialized instruments, whilst being time consuming and laborious. Moreover, there is minimal to no overlap between total iron and labile iron quantification methodologies-i.e. requiring entirely separate protocols, techniques and instruments. Herein, we report a unified-ferene (u-ferene) assay that enables a 2-in-1 quantification of both labile and total iron from the same preparation of a biological specimen. We demonstrate that labile iron concentrations determined from the u-ferene assay is in agreement with confocal laser scanning microscopy techniques employed within the literature. Further, this assay offers the same sensitivity as the current gold standard, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), for total iron measurements. The new u-ferene assay will have tremendous value for the wider scientific community as it offers an economic and readily accessible method for convenient 2-in-1 measurement of total and labile iron from biological samples, whilst maintaining the precision and sensitivity, as compared to ICP-MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usama Abbasi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Centre for Blood Research, Life Sciences Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Srinivas Abbina
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Centre for Blood Research, Life Sciences Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Arshdeep Gill
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Centre for Blood Research, Life Sciences Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Vriti Bhagat
- Centre for Blood Research, Life Sciences Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jayachandran N Kizhakkedathu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada. .,Centre for Blood Research, Life Sciences Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada. .,Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada. .,The School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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18
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Southwell JW, Black CM, Duhme-Klair AK. Experimental Methods for Evaluating the Bacterial Uptake of Trojan Horse Antibacterials. ChemMedChem 2020; 16:1063-1076. [PMID: 33238066 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202000806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The field of antibacterial siderophore conjugates, referred to as Trojan Horse antibacterials, has received increasing attention in recent years, driven by the rise of antimicrobial resistance. Trojan Horse antibacterials offer an opportunity to exploit the specific pathways present in bacteria for active iron uptake, potentially allowing the drugs to bypass membrane-associated resistance mechanisms. Hence, the Trojan Horse approach might enable the redesigning of old antibiotics and the development of antibacterials that target specific pathogens. Critical parts of evaluating such Trojan Horse antibacterials and improving their design are the quantification of their bacterial uptake and the identification of the pathways by which this occurs. In this minireview, we highlight a selection of the biological and chemical methods used to study the uptake of Trojan Horse antibacterials, exemplified with case studies, some of which have led to drug candidates in clinical development or approved antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- James W Southwell
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, North Yorkshire, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Conor M Black
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, North Yorkshire, YO10 5DD, UK
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19
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Komoto K, Nomoto T, El Muttaqien S, Takemoto H, Matsui M, Miura Y, Nishiyama N. Iron chelation cancer therapy using hydrophilic block copolymers conjugated with deferoxamine. Cancer Sci 2020; 112:410-421. [PMID: 32770631 PMCID: PMC7780030 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells have high iron requirements due to their rapid growth and proliferation. Iron depletion using iron chelators has a potential in cancer treatment. Previous studies have demonstrated that deferoxamine (DFO) specifically chelates Fe(III) and exhibited antitumor activity in clinical studies. However, its poor pharmacokinetics has limited the therapeutic potential and practical application. Although polymeric iron chelators have been developed to increase the blood retention, none of previous studies has demonstrated their potential in iron chelation cancer therapy. Here, we developed polymeric DFO by the covalent conjugation of DFO to poly(ethylene glycol)‐poly(aspartic acid) (PEG‐PAsp) block copolymers. The polymeric DFO exhibited iron‐chelating ability comparable with free DFO, thereby arresting cell cycle and inducing apoptosis and antiproliferative activity. After intravenous administration, the polymeric DFO showed marked increase in blood retention and tumor accumulation in subcutaneous tumor models. Consequently, polymeric DFO showed significant suppression of the tumor growth compared with free DFO. This study reveals the first success of the design of polymeric DFO for enhancing iron chelation cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kana Komoto
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan.,Department of Life Science and Technology, School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takahiro Nomoto
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan.,Department of Life Science and Technology, School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Sjaikhurrizal El Muttaqien
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan.,Department of Life Science and Technology, School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan.,Center for Pharmaceutical and Medical Technology, Agency for the Assessment and Application of Technology (BPPT), LAPTIAB I, PUSPIPTEK, Serpong, Indonesia
| | - Hiroyasu Takemoto
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan.,Department of Life Science and Technology, School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Makoto Matsui
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yutaka Miura
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan.,Department of Life Science and Technology, School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Nishiyama
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan.,Department of Life Science and Technology, School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan.,Innovation Center of Nanomedicine (iCONM), Kawasaki Institute of Industrial Promotion, Kawasaki, Japan
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20
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Shen Q, Liang M, Yang F, Deng YZ, Naqvi NI. Ferroptosis contributes to developmental cell death in rice blast. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 227:1831-1846. [PMID: 32367535 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ferroptosis, an iron-dependent cell death process, was found to occur in Magnaporthe oryzae, and plays a key role in infection-related development therein. Ferroptosis in the rice-blast fungus was confirmed based on five basic criteria. We confirmed the dependence of ferroptosis on ferric ions, and optimized ratio-fluorescence imaging of C11-BODIPY581/591 as a precise sensor for lipid peroxides that mediate ferroptosis in M. oryzae. We uncovered an important regulatory function for reduced glutathione and NADPH oxidases in modulating the superoxide moieties required for ferroptotic cell death. We found ferroptosis to be necessary for the developmental cell death of conidia during appressorium maturation in rice blast. Such ferroptotic cell death initiated first in the terminal cell and progressed sequentially to the entire conidium. Iron chelation or chemical inhibition of ferroptosis caused conidial cells to remain viable, and led to strong defects in host invasion by M. oryzae. Ferroptosis induction exclusively in the host severely constrained the invasive growth of M. oryzae. We found inter-reliant and independent roles for ferroptosis and autophagy in controlling such precise cell death in M. oryzae during pathogenic differentiation. Our study provides significant molecular insights into the role of developmental cell death and iron homeostasis in fungal pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Shen
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, and Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 1 Research Link, Singapore, 117604, Republic of Singapore
| | - Meiling Liang
- Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, and Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 1 Research Link, Singapore, 117604, Republic of Singapore
| | - Yi Zhen Deng
- Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Naweed I Naqvi
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, and Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 1 Research Link, Singapore, 117604, Republic of Singapore
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21
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Yanatori I, Richardson DR, Toyokuni S, Kishi F. The new role of poly (rC)-binding proteins as iron transport chaperones: Proteins that could couple with inter-organelle interactions to safely traffic iron. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2020; 1864:129685. [PMID: 32679248 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2020.129685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intracellular iron transport is mediated by iron chaperone proteins known as the poly(rC)-binding proteins (PCBPs), which were originally identified as RNA/DNA-binding molecules. SCOPE OF REVIEW PCBPs assume a role as not only as cytosolic iron carriers, but also as regulators of iron transport and recycling. PCBP1 is involved in the iron storage pathway that involves ferritin, while PCBP2 is involved in processes that include: iron transfer from the iron importer, divalent metal ion transporter 1; iron export mediated by ferroportin-1; and heme degradation via heme oxygenase 1. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Both PCBP1 and PCBP2 possess iron-binding activity and form hetero/homo dimer complexes. These iron chaperones have a subset of non-redundant functions and regulate iron metabolism independently. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE This intracellular iron chaperone system mediated by PCBPs provide a transport "gateway" of ferrous iron that may potentially link with dynamic, inter-organelle interactions to safely traffic intracellular iron.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izumi Yanatori
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Des R Richardson
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; Centre for Cancer Cell Biology, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane 4111, Queensland, Australia
| | - Shinya Toyokuni
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
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22
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Sharma A, Sarkar A, Goswami D, Bhattacharyya A, Enderlein J, Kumbhakar M. Determining Metal Ion Complexation Kinetics with Fluorescent Ligands by Using Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy. Chemphyschem 2019; 20:2093-2102. [PMID: 31240810 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201900517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) has been extensively used to measure equilibrium binding constants (K) or association and dissociation rates in many reversible chemical reactions across chemistry and biology. For the majority of investigated reactions, the binding constant was on the order of ∼100 M-1 , with dissociation constants faster or equal to 103 s-1 , which ensured that enough association/dissociation events occur during the typical diffusion-determined transition time of molecules through the FCS detection volume. However, complexation reactions involving metal ions and chelating ligands exhibit equilibrium constants exceeding 104 M-1 . In the present paper, we explore the applicability of FCS for measuring reaction rates of such complexation reactions, and apply it to binding of iron, europium and uranyl ions to a fluorescent chelating ligand, calcein. For this purpose, we exploit the fact that the ligand fluorescence becomes strongly quenched after binding a metal ion, which results in strong intensity fluctuations that lead to a partial correlation decay in FCS. We also present measurements for the strongly radioactive ions of 241 Am3+ , where the extreme sensitivity of FCS allows us to work with sample concentrations and volumes that exhibit close to negligible radioactivity levels. A general discussion of the applicability of FCS to the investigation of metal-ligand binding reactions concludes our paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjun Sharma
- Radiation & Photochemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400085, India.,Chemical Sciences, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Aranyak Sarkar
- Radiation & Photochemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400085, India.,Chemical Sciences, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Dibakar Goswami
- Chemical Sciences, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai 400094, India.,Bio-organic Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400085, India
| | - Arunasis Bhattacharyya
- Chemical Sciences, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai 400094, India.,Radiochemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400085, India
| | - Jörg Enderlein
- III. Institute of Physics - Biophysics, Georg August University, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Manoj Kumbhakar
- Radiation & Photochemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400085, India.,Chemical Sciences, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai 400094, India
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23
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Nash B, Tarn K, Irollo E, Luchetta J, Festa L, Halcrow P, Datta G, Geiger JD, Meucci O. Morphine-Induced Modulation of Endolysosomal Iron Mediates Upregulation of Ferritin Heavy Chain in Cortical Neurons. eNeuro 2019; 6:ENEURO.0237-19.2019. [PMID: 31300544 PMCID: PMC6675873 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0237-19.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) remain prevalent and are aggravated by µ-opioid use. We have previously shown that morphine and other µ-opioids may contribute to HAND by inhibiting the homeostatic and neuroprotective chemokine receptor CXCR4 in cortical neurons, and this novel mechanism depends on upregulation of the protein ferritin heavy chain (FHC). Here, we examined the cellular events and potential mechanisms involved in morphine-mediated FHC upregulation using rat cortical neurons of either sex in vitro and in vivo. Morphine dose dependently increased FHC protein levels in primary neurons through µ-opioid receptor (µOR) and Gαi-protein signaling. Cytoplasmic FHC levels were significantly elevated, but nuclear FHC levels and FHC gene expression were unchanged. Morphine-treated rats also displayed increased FHC levels in layer 2/3 neurons of the prefrontal cortex. Importantly, both in vitro and in vivo FHC upregulation was accompanied by loss of mature dendritic spines, which was also dependent on µOR and Gαi-protein signaling. Moreover, morphine upregulated ferritin light chain (FLC), a component of the ferritin iron storage complex, suggesting that morphine altered neuronal iron metabolism. Indeed, prior to FHC upregulation, morphine increased cytoplasmic labile iron levels as a function of decreased endolysosomal iron. In line with this, chelation of endolysosomal iron (but not extracellular iron) blocked morphine-induced FHC upregulation and dendritic spine reduction, whereas iron overloading mimicked the effect of morphine on FHC and dendritic spines. Overall, these data demonstrate that iron mediates morphine-induced FHC upregulation and consequent dendritic spine deficits and implicate endolysosomal iron efflux to the cytoplasm in these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley Nash
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102
| | - Kevin Tarn
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102
| | - Elena Irollo
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102
| | - Jared Luchetta
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102
| | - Lindsay Festa
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102
| | - Peter Halcrow
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND 58203
| | - Gaurav Datta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND 58203
| | - Jonathan D Geiger
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND 58203
| | - Olimpia Meucci
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102
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24
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Verma S, Prescott R, Cherayil BJ. The commensal bacterium Bacteroides fragilis down-regulates ferroportin expression and alters iron homeostasis in macrophages. J Leukoc Biol 2019; 106:1079-1088. [PMID: 31166618 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.2a1018-408rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal microbiota has several effects on host physiology. Previous work from our laboratory demonstrated that the microbiota influences systemic iron homeostasis in mouse colitis models by altering inflammation-induced expression of the iron-regulating hormone hepcidin. In the present study, we examined the impact of the gut commensal bacterium Bacteroides fragilis on the expression of the iron exporter ferroportin, the target of hepcidin action, in macrophages, the cell type that plays a pivotal role in iron recycling. Mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages were exposed to B. fragilis and were analyzed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting. We found that B. fragilis down-regulated ferroportin transcription independently of bacterial viability. Medium conditioned by the bacteria also reduced ferroportin expression, indicating the involvement of soluble factors, possibly Toll-like receptor ligands. Consistent with this idea, several of these ligands were able to down-regulate ferroportin. The B. fragilis-induced decrease in ferroportin was functionally important since it produced a significant increase in intracellular iron concentrations that prevented the effects of the iron chelator deferoxamine on Salmonella-induced IL-6 and IL-1β production. Our results thus reveal that B. fragilis can influence macrophage iron handling and inflammatory responses by modulating ferroportin expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smriti Verma
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rachel Prescott
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Bobby J Cherayil
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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25
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Amaral EP, Costa DL, Namasivayam S, Riteau N, Kamenyeva O, Mittereder L, Mayer-Barber KD, Andrade BB, Sher A. A major role for ferroptosis in Mycobacterium tuberculosis-induced cell death and tissue necrosis. J Exp Med 2019; 216:556-570. [PMID: 30787033 PMCID: PMC6400546 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20181776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Necrotic tissue damage is a major pathological feature of tuberculosis. Here, Amaral et al. show that ferroptosis, a newly described regulated cell death pathway, plays an important role in Mycobacterium tuberculosis–induced cellular necrosis both in vitro and in vivo. Necrotic cell death during Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection is considered host detrimental since it facilitates mycobacterial spread. Ferroptosis is a type of regulated necrosis induced by accumulation of free iron and toxic lipid peroxides. We observed that Mtb-induced macrophage necrosis is associated with reduced levels of glutathione and glutathione peroxidase-4 (Gpx4), along with increased free iron, mitochondrial superoxide, and lipid peroxidation, all of which are important hallmarks of ferroptosis. Moreover, necrotic cell death in Mtb-infected macrophage cultures was suppressed by ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1), a well-characterized ferroptosis inhibitor, as well as by iron chelation. Additional experiments in vivo revealed that pulmonary necrosis in acutely infected mice is associated with reduced Gpx4 expression as well as increased lipid peroxidation and is likewise suppressed by Fer-1 treatment. Importantly, Fer-1–treated infected animals also exhibited marked reductions in bacterial load. Together, these findings implicate ferroptosis as a major mechanism of necrosis in Mtb infection and as a target for host-directed therapy of tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo P Amaral
- Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Diego L Costa
- Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Sivaranjani Namasivayam
- Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Nicolas Riteau
- Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD.,University of Orleans and CNRS, UMR7355, Orleans, France
| | - Olena Kamenyeva
- Research Technology Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Lara Mittereder
- Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Katrin D Mayer-Barber
- Inflammation and Innate Immunity Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health Bethesda, MD
| | - Bruno B Andrade
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.,Multinational Organization Network Sponsoring Translational and Epidemiological Research Initiative, José Silveira Foundation, Salvador, Brazil.,Wellcome Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN.,Universidade Salvador, Laureate University, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.,Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Alan Sher
- Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
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26
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Vitorino HA, Ortega P, Alta RYP, Zanotto FP, Espósito BP. Magnetite nanoparticles coated with oleic acid: accumulation in hepatopancreatic cells of the mangrove crab Ucides cordatus. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:35672-35681. [PMID: 30357663 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3480-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The field of nanotechnology had enormous developments, resulting in new methods for the controlled synthesis of a wide variety of nanoscale materials with unique properties. Efficient methods such as thermal decomposition for efficient size control have been developed in recent years for the synthesis of oleic acid (OA)-coated magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles (MNP-OA). These nanostructures can be a source of pollution when emitted in the aquatic environment and could be accumulated by vulnerable marine species such as crustaceans. In this work, we synthesized and characterized MNP-OA of three different diameters (5, 8, and 12 nm) by thermal decomposition. These nanoparticles were remarkably stable after treatment with high affinity iron chelators (calcein, fluorescent desferrioxamine, and fluorescent apotransferrin); however, they displayed pro-oxidant activity after being challenged with ascorbate under two physiological buffers. Free or nanoparticle iron displayed low toxicity to four types of hepatopancreatic cells (E, R, F, and B) of the mangrove crab Ucides cordatus; however, they were promptly bioavailable, posing the risk of ecosystem disruption due to the release of excess nutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hector Aguilar Vitorino
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil.
| | - Priscila Ortega
- Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Breno Pannia Espósito
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
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27
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Wang Q, Franz KJ. Modifying aroylhydrazone prochelators for hydrolytic stability and improved cytoprotection against oxidative stress. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:5962-5972. [PMID: 30429096 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BSIH ((E)-N'-(2-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)benzylidene)isonicotinohydrazide) is a prodrug version of the metal chelator SIH ((E)-N'-(2-hydroxybenzylidene)isonicotinohydrazide) in which a boronate group prevents metal chelation until reaction with hydrogen peroxide releases SIH, which is then available for sequestering iron(III) and inhibiting iron-catalyzed oxidative damage. While BSIH has shown promise for conditionally targeting iron sequestration in cells under oxidative stress, the yield of SIH is limited by the fact that BSIH exists in cell culture media as an equilibrium mixture with its hydrolysis products isoniazid and 2-formylphenyl boronic acid. In the current study, several BSIH analogs were evaluated for their hydrolytic stability, reaction outcomes with H2O2, and prochelator-to-chelator conversion efficiency. Notably, the para-methoxy derivative (p-OMe)BSIH ((E)-N'-(5-methoxy-2-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)benzylidene)isonicotinohydrazide) and the meta-, para-double substituted (MD)BSIH ((E)-N'-((6-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl)methylene)isonicotinohydrazide) showed 1.3- and 1.9-fold improved hydrolytic stability compared to BSIH, respectively, leading to a 22 and 50% increase in chelator released. Moreover, both prochelators were found to protect retinal pigment epithelial cells stressed with either H2O2 or paraquat insult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Wang
- Duke University, Department of Chemistry, 124 Science Dr., Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Katherine J Franz
- Duke University, Department of Chemistry, 124 Science Dr., Durham, NC 27708, USA.
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28
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Hirayama T. Development of Chemical Tools for Imaging of Fe(II) Ions in Living Cells: A Review. Acta Histochem Cytochem 2018; 51:137-143. [PMID: 30510327 PMCID: PMC6261839 DOI: 10.1267/ahc.18015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracellular labile iron is an iron species which is not or weakly bound to proteins and depicts an important effect on homeostatic regulation in cells. An excess or deficiency of iron can cause oxidative damage to key cellular biomolecules. The behavior and concentrations of labile iron are difficult to monitor, but the specific redox state of the Fe ions is relevant to the physiological and pathological properties that we would like to study. We have developed a series of turn-on type fluorescent probes that are highly selective to the labile Fe(II) ions, and we have tested their applications to cellular level imaging. These probes are based on N-oxide chemistry with a range of fluorophores that depict optimal performance for specific applications. Herein, I review the recent progress of our research and discuss prospects for future work to understand the relation between intracellular ion and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasuku Hirayama
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University
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29
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Fang S, Yu X, Ding H, Han J, Feng J. Effects of intracellular iron overload on cell death and identification of potent cell death inhibitors. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 503:297-303. [PMID: 29890135 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Iron overload causes many diseases, while the underlying etiologies of these diseases are unclear. Cell death processes including apoptosis, necroptosis, cyclophilin D-(CypD)-dependent necrosis and a recently described additional form of regulated cell death called ferroptosis, are dependent on iron or iron-dependent reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, whether the accumulation of intracellular iron itself induces ferroptosis or other forms of cell death is largely elusive. In present study, we study the role of intracellular iron overload itself-induced cell death mechanisms by using ferric ammonium citrate (FAC) and a membrane-permeable Ferric 8-hydroxyquinoline complex (Fe-8HQ) respectively. We show that FAC-induced intracellular iron overload causes ferroptosis. We also identify 3-phosphoinositide-dependent kinase 1 (PDK1) inhibitor GSK2334470 as a potent ferroptosis inhibitor. Whereas, Fe-8HQ-induced intracellular iron overload causes unregulated necrosis, but partially activates PARP-1 dependent parthanatos. Interestingly, we identify many phenolic compounds as potent inhibitors of Fe-8HQ-induced cell death. In conclusion, intracellular iron overload-induced cell death form might be dependent on the intracellular iron accumulation rate, newly identified cell death inhibitors in our study that target ferroptosis and unregulated oxidative cell death represent potential therapeutic strategies against iron overload related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenglin Fang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaonan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haoxuan Ding
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianan Han
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Feng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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Goldberg JM, Wang F, Sessler CD, Vogler NW, Zhang DY, Loucks WH, Tzounopoulos T, Lippard SJ. Photoactivatable Sensors for Detecting Mobile Zinc. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:2020-2023. [PMID: 29384658 PMCID: PMC5935517 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b12766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent sensors for mobile zinc are valuable for studying complex biological systems. Because these sensors typically bind zinc rapidly and tightly, there has been little temporal control over the activity of the probe after its application to a sample. The ability to control the activity of a zinc sensor in vivo during imaging experiments would greatly improve the time resolution of the measurement. Here, we describe photoactivatable zinc sensors that can be triggered with short pulses of UV light. These probes are prepared by functionalizing a zinc sensor with protecting groups that render the probe insensitive to metal ions. Photoinduced removal of the protecting groups restores the binding site, allowing for zinc-responsive changes in fluorescence that can be observed in live cells and tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob M. Goldberg
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Chanan D. Sessler
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Nathan W. Vogler
- Pittsburgh Hearing Research Center, Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh, 3501 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Daniel Y. Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - William H. Loucks
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Thanos Tzounopoulos
- Pittsburgh Hearing Research Center, Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh, 3501 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Stephen J. Lippard
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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Hall KC, Franks AT, McAtee RC, Wang MS, Lu VI, Franz KJ. Metal-binding hydrazone photoswitches for visible light reactivity and variable relaxation kinetics. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2017; 16:1604-1612. [PMID: 29086784 DOI: 10.1039/c7pp00173h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The range of applications for photoswitching moieties is diverse, and the ability to design switches with variable photochemical and physical properties is consequently important for realizing their potential. Previously we reported on the photochromism of (E)-N'-(1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)ethylidene)isonicotinohydrazide (HAPI), an aroylhydrazone compound first developed as a transition metal chelator. Herein we report the synthesis of structurally related aroylhydrazone chelators and explore the effect of these modifications on their UVA, UVC and blue light photoreactivity, photostationary state composition, photoisomer thermal stability, and relative iron(iii) binding affinity. These findings will inform the next generation of aroylhydrazone photoswitches for metal-gated photoswitching applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kacey C Hall
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA.
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Gao S, Zhu J, Zhang Y, Wang Q, Jing X, Meng C. Intercalation of calcein into layered silicate magadiite and their optical properties. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2017; 4:171258. [PMID: 29291111 PMCID: PMC5717686 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.171258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Calcein-Ca (II), Zn (II) and Al (III) complexes were successfully intercalated into interlayer surfaces of layered silicate magadiite and fluorescence properties of organic metal-chelates in the confined spaces were investigated. Structures, compositions and morphologies of the intercalated magadiites were adequately studied by tests, including X-ray diffraction, energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer, elemental mapping, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectra, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, thermo-gravimetric analysis, differential thermal analysis and scanning electron microscopy. Results confirmed that metal-organic chelate species were immobilized onto the silicate sheets via solid-state interaction. Basal spacings between silicate layers decreased by exchanged metal ions and increased after intercalation of calcein into the interlayer spaces of cation-exchanged magadiites. The encapsulation was obtained by a flexible solid-solid reaction, and the present reaction and products had a potential of application to industrial uses. A speculative mechanism was proposed for reaction by solid-state intercalation. Furthermore, it was found that the complexes in the interlayer space also exhibited special fluorescence properties. The significance of this current work was that it provided a possible route for synthesizing metal-organic complexes that encapsulated in phyllosilicate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan Gao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116029, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiang Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116029, People's Republic of China
- Authors for correspondence: Jiang Zhu e-mail:
| | - Yifu Zhang
- School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, People's Republic of China
- Authors for correspondence: Yifu Zhang e-mail:
| | - Qiushi Wang
- School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuyang Jing
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116029, People's Republic of China
| | - Changgong Meng
- School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, People's Republic of China
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A highly sensitive “Off-On” optical and fluorescent chemodosimeter for detecting iron (III) and its application in practical samples: An investigation of Fe 3+ induced oxidation by mass spectrometry. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2017.07.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Hirayama T, Tsuboi H, Niwa M, Miki A, Kadota S, Ikeshita Y, Okuda K, Nagasawa H. A universal fluorogenic switch for Fe(ii) ion based on N-oxide chemistry permits the visualization of intracellular redox equilibrium shift towards labile iron in hypoxic tumor cells. Chem Sci 2017; 8:4858-4866. [PMID: 28959409 PMCID: PMC5603896 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc05457a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron (Fe) species play a number of biologically and pathologically important roles. In particular, iron is a key element in oxygen sensing in living tissue where its metabolism is intimately linked with oxygen metabolism. Regulation of redox balance of labile iron species to prevent the generation of iron-catalyzed reactive oxygen species (ROS) is critical to survival. However, studies on the redox homeostasis of iron species are challenging because of a lack of a redox-state-specific detection method for iron, in particular, labile Fe2+. In this study, a universal fluorogenic switching system is established, which is responsive to Fe2+ ion based on a unique N-oxide chemistry in which dialkylarylamine N-oxide is selectively deoxygenized by Fe2+ to generate various fluorescent probes of Fe2+-CoNox-1 (blue), FluNox-1 (green), and SiRhoNox-1 (red). All the probes exhibited fluorescence enhancement against Fe2+ with high selectivity both in cuvette and in living cells. Among the probes, SiRhoNox-1 showed an excellent fluorescence response with respect to both reaction rate and off/on signal contrast. Imaging studies were performed showing the intracellular redox equilibrium shift towards labile iron in response to reduced oxygen tension in living cells and 3D tumor spheroids using SiRhoNox-1, and it was found that the hypoxia induction of labile Fe2+ is independent of iron uptake, hypoxia-induced signaling, and hypoxia-activated enzymes. The present studies demonstrate the feasibility of developing sensitive and specific fluorescent probes for Fe2+ with refined photophysical characteristics that enable their broad application in the study of iron in various physiological and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasuku Hirayama
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry , Gifu Pharmaceutical University , 1-25-4, Daigaku-nishi, Gifu-shi , Gifu , 501-1196 , Japan . ;
| | - Hitomi Tsuboi
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry , Gifu Pharmaceutical University , 1-25-4, Daigaku-nishi, Gifu-shi , Gifu , 501-1196 , Japan . ;
| | - Masato Niwa
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry , Gifu Pharmaceutical University , 1-25-4, Daigaku-nishi, Gifu-shi , Gifu , 501-1196 , Japan . ;
| | - Ayaji Miki
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry , Gifu Pharmaceutical University , 1-25-4, Daigaku-nishi, Gifu-shi , Gifu , 501-1196 , Japan . ;
| | - Satoki Kadota
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry , Gifu Pharmaceutical University , 1-25-4, Daigaku-nishi, Gifu-shi , Gifu , 501-1196 , Japan . ;
| | - Yukie Ikeshita
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry , Gifu Pharmaceutical University , 1-25-4, Daigaku-nishi, Gifu-shi , Gifu , 501-1196 , Japan . ;
| | - Kensuke Okuda
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry , Gifu Pharmaceutical University , 1-25-4, Daigaku-nishi, Gifu-shi , Gifu , 501-1196 , Japan . ;
| | - Hideko Nagasawa
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry , Gifu Pharmaceutical University , 1-25-4, Daigaku-nishi, Gifu-shi , Gifu , 501-1196 , Japan . ;
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Huayhuaz JAA, Vitorino HA, Campos OS, Serrano SHP, Kaneko TM, Espósito BP. Desferrioxamine and desferrioxamine-caffeine as carriers of aluminum and gallium to microbes via the Trojan Horse Effect. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2017; 41:16-22. [PMID: 28347458 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2017.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Iron acquisition by bacteria and fungi involves in several cases the promiscuous usage of siderophores. Thus, antibiotic resistance from these microorganisms can be circumvented through a strategy of loading toxic metals into siderophores (Trojan Horse Effect). Desferrioxamine (dfo) and its cell-permeant derivative desferrioxamine-caffeine (dfcaf) were complexed with aluminum or gallium for this purpose. The complexes Me(dfo) and Me(dfcaf) (Me=Al3+ and Ga3+) were synthesized and characterized by mass spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. Their relative stabilities were studied through competitive equilibria with fluorescent probes calcein, fluorescein-desferrioxamine and 8-hydroxyquinoline. Me(dfo) and Me(dfcaf) were consistently more toxic than free Me3+ against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans, demonstrating the Trojan Horse Effect. Wide spectrum antimicrobial action can be obtained by loading non-essential or toxic metal ions to microbes via a convenient siderophore carrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesus Antonio Alvarado Huayhuaz
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo,Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748, 05508-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Hector Aguilar Vitorino
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo,Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748, 05508-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Othon Souto Campos
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo,Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748, 05508-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Silvia Helena Pires Serrano
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo,Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748, 05508-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Telma Mary Kaneko
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Breno Pannia Espósito
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo,Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748, 05508-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Hirayama T, Nagasawa H. Chemical tools for detecting Fe ions. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2016; 60:39-48. [PMID: 28163381 PMCID: PMC5281535 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.16-70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Owing to its distinctive electrochemical properties with interconvertible multiple oxidation states, iron plays a significant role in various physiologically important functions such as respiration, oxygen transport, energy production, and enzymatic reactions. This redox activity can also potentially produce cellular damage and death, and numerous diseases are related to iron overload resulting from the dysfunction of the iron regulatory system. In this case, “free iron” or “labile iron,” which refers to iron ion weakly bound or not bound to proteins, causes aberrant production of reactive oxygen species. With the aim of elucidating the variation of labile iron involved in pathological processes, some chemical tools that can qualitatively and/or quantitatively monitor iron have been utilized to investigate the distribution, accumulation, and flux of biological iron species. Since iron ions show unique reactivity depending on its redox state, i.e., Fe2+ or Fe3+ (or transiently higher oxidative states), methods for the separate detection of iron species with different redox states are preferred to understand its physiological and pathological roles more in detail. The scope of this review article covers from classical chromogenic to newly emerging chemical tools for the detection of Fe ions. In particular, chemical tools applicable to biological studies will be presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasuku Hirayama
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
| | - Hideko Nagasawa
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
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Peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids by lipoxygenases drives ferroptosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:E4966-75. [PMID: 27506793 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1603244113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1295] [Impact Index Per Article: 161.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is form of regulated nonapoptotic cell death that is involved in diverse disease contexts. Small molecules that inhibit glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), a phospholipid peroxidase, cause lethal accumulation of lipid peroxides and induce ferroptotic cell death. Although ferroptosis has been suggested to involve accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in lipid environments, the mediators and substrates of ROS generation and the pharmacological mechanism of GPX4 inhibition that generates ROS in lipid environments are unknown. We report here the mechanism of lipid peroxidation during ferroptosis, which involves phosphorylase kinase G2 (PHKG2) regulation of iron availability to lipoxygenase enzymes, which in turn drive ferroptosis through peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) at the bis-allylic position; indeed, pretreating cells with PUFAs containing the heavy hydrogen isotope deuterium at the site of peroxidation (D-PUFA) prevented PUFA oxidation and blocked ferroptosis. We further found that ferroptosis inducers inhibit GPX4 by covalently targeting the active site selenocysteine, leading to accumulation of PUFA hydroperoxides. In summary, we found that PUFA oxidation by lipoxygenases via a PHKG2-dependent iron pool is necessary for ferroptosis and that the covalent inhibition of the catalytic selenocysteine in Gpx4 prevents elimination of PUFA hydroperoxides; these findings suggest new strategies for controlling ferroptosis in diverse contexts.
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White RS, Bhattacharya AK, Chen Y, Byrd M, McMullen MF, Siegel SJ, Carlson GC, Kim SF. Lysosomal iron modulates NMDA receptor-mediated excitation via small GTPase, Dexras1. Mol Brain 2016; 9:38. [PMID: 27080392 PMCID: PMC4832449 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-016-0220-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Activation of NMDA receptors can induce iron movement into neurons by the small GTPase Dexras1 via the divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1). This pathway under pathological conditions such as NMDA excitotoxicity contributes to metal-catalyzed reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and neuronal cell death, and yet its physiological role is not well understood. Results We found that genetic and pharmacological ablation of this neuronal iron pathway in the mice increased glutamatergic transmission. Voltage sensitive dye imaging of hippocampal slices and whole-cell patch clamping of synaptic currents, indicated that the increase in excitability was due to synaptic modification of NMDA receptor activity via modulation of the PKC/Src/NR2A pathway. Moreover, we identified that lysosomal iron serves as a main source for intracellular iron signaling modulating glutamatergic excitability. Conclusions Our data indicates that intracellular iron is dynamically regulated in the neurons and robustly modulate synaptic excitability under physiological condition. Since NMDA receptors play a central role in synaptic neurophysiology, plasticity, neuronal homeostasis, neurodevelopment as well as in the neurobiology of many diseases, endogenous iron is therefore likely to have functional relevance to each of these areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel S White
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Anup K Bhattacharya
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Yong Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Madeleine Byrd
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Mary F McMullen
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Steven J Siegel
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Gregory C Carlson
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Sangwon F Kim
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 125 S 31st, TRL RM 2207, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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A Reversible Pyrene-based Turn-on Luminescent Chemosensor for Selective Detection of Fe3+ in Aqueous Environment with Logic Gate Application. J Fluoresc 2016; 26:1021-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s10895-016-1790-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Qu Z, Li P, Zhang X, Han K. A turn-on fluorescent chemodosimeter based on detelluration for detecting ferrous iron (Fe 2+) in living cells. J Mater Chem B 2016; 4:887-892. [PMID: 32263161 DOI: 10.1039/c5tb02090e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
A turn-on fluorescent probe for the detection of Fe2+ is facilely synthesized via a nucleophile substitution reaction. The fluorescent probe, N-butyl-4-phenyltellanyl-1,8-naphthalimide (Naph-Te), shows excellent selectivity to Fe2+ in a mixed solution of acetonitrile and phosphate buffer under aerobic conditions. The coexistence of biological abundant metal ions such as Na+, K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ has little effect on the fluorescence signal. This turn-on response is achieved via a redox-involved reaction triggered by Fe2+ at neutral pH and room temperature, which removes the heavy-atom effect of the tellurium atom on the naphthalimide fluorophore to afford a fluorescent product (N-butyl-4-hydroxyl-1,8-naphthalimide). The probe has excellent cell membrane permeability and is further applied successfully to monitor supplementary Fe2+ in live HL-7702 cells using a laser confocal fluorescence microscope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongjin Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics (DICP), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, P. R. China.
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Alteration of intracellular protein expressions as a key mechanism of the deterioration of bacterial denitrification caused by copper oxide nanoparticles. Sci Rep 2015; 5:15824. [PMID: 26508362 PMCID: PMC4623765 DOI: 10.1038/srep15824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing production and utilization of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) result in the releases into the environment. However, the influence of CuO NPs on bacterial denitrification, one of the most important pathways to transform nitrate to dinitrogen in environment, has seldom been studied. Here we reported that CuO NPs caused a significant alteration of key protein expressions of a model denitrifier, Paracoccus denitrificans, leading to severe inhibition to denitrification. Total nitrogen removal efficiency was decreased from 98.3% to 62.1% with the increase of CuO NPs from 0.05 to 0.25 mg/L. Cellular morphology and integrity studies indicated that nanoparticles entered the cells. The proteomic bioinformatics analysis showed that CuO NPs caused regulation of proteins involved in nitrogen metabolism, electron transfer and substance transport. The down-regulation of GtsB protein (responsible for glucose transport) decreased the production of NADH (electron donor for denitrification). Also, the expressions of key electron-transfer proteins (including NADH dehydrogenase and cytochrome) were suppressed by CuO NPs, which adversely affected electrons transfer for denitrification. Further investigation revealed that CuO NPs significantly inhibited the expressions and catalytic activities of nitrate reductase and nitrite reductase. These results provided a fundamental understanding of the negative influences of CuO NPs on bacterial denitrification.
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Du J, Wagner BA, Buettner GR, Cullen JJ. Role of labile iron in the toxicity of pharmacological ascorbate. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 84:289-295. [PMID: 25857216 PMCID: PMC4739508 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Revised: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Pharmacological ascorbate has been shown to induce toxicity in a wide range of cancer cell lines. Pharmacological ascorbate in animal models has shown promise for use in cancer treatment. At pharmacological concentrations the oxidation of ascorbate produces a high flux of H2O2 via the formation of ascorbate radical (Asc(•-)). The rate of oxidation of ascorbate is principally a function of the level of catalytically active metals. Iron in cell culture media contributes significantly to the rate of H2O2 generation. We hypothesized that increasing intracellular iron would enhance ascorbate-induced cytotoxicity and that iron chelators could modulate the catalytic efficiency with respect to ascorbate oxidation. Treatment of cells with the iron-chelators deferoxamine (DFO) or dipyridyl (DPD) in the presence of 2mM ascorbate decreased the flux of H2O2 generated by pharmacological ascorbate and reversed ascorbate-induced toxicity. Conversely, increasing the level of intracellular iron by preincubating cells with Fe-hydroxyquinoline (HQ) increased ascorbate toxicity and decreased clonogenic survival. These findings indicate that redox metal metals, e.g., Fe(3+)/Fe(2+), have an important role in ascorbate-induced cytotoxicity. Approaches that increase catalytic iron could potentially enhance the cytotoxicity of pharmacological ascorbate in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Du
- Department of Surgery, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Brett A Wagner
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Garry R Buettner
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Joseph J Cullen
- Department of Surgery, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, Iowa City, IA, USA; Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, IA, USA.
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Hammud HH, El Shazly S, Sonji G, Sonji N, Bouhadir KH. Thiophene aldehyde-diamino uracil Schiff base: A novel fluorescent probe for detection and quantification of cupric, silver and ferric ions. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2015; 150:94-103. [PMID: 26026307 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2015.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2015] [Revised: 04/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A new Schiff base from the condensation of 5,6-diamino-1,3-dimethyluracil with 5-methylthiophene-2-carboxaldehyde was synthesized. The compound was characterized by spectral data (UV-Vis, IR, (1)H NMR, fluorescence, MS). Ethanolic solutions of the Schiff base exhibit a strong fluorescence emission at 385 nm (λex=341 nm), and have been employed as a "turn-off" fluorescent probe for selective detection of Ag(+), Cu(2+) and Fe(3+) ions in presence of other cations such as Na(+), K(+), Ca(2+) and Mg(2+) ions abundant in natural water. The interaction between the tested compound and copper, silver or iron ions is associated with a significant fluorescence decrease, showing detection limits of 2.1-14.2 ppb. Under optimal conditions, the developed sensor was successfully employed to determine Ag(+), Cu(2+) and Fe(3+) ions in real samples and proved to be selective and sensitive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan H Hammud
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Beirut Arab University, Debbieh, Lebanon.
| | - Shawky El Shazly
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Beirut Arab University, Debbieh, Lebanon
| | - Ghassan Sonji
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Beirut Arab University, Debbieh, Lebanon
| | - Nada Sonji
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Beirut Arab University, Debbieh, Lebanon
| | - Kamal H Bouhadir
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
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Niwa M, Hirayama T, Okuda K, Nagasawa H. A new class of high-contrast Fe(II) selective fluorescent probes based on spirocyclized scaffolds for visualization of intracellular labile iron delivered by transferrin. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 12:6590-7. [PMID: 24953684 DOI: 10.1039/c4ob00935e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Iron is an essential metal nutrient that plays physiologically and pathologically important roles in biological systems. However, studies on the trafficking, storage, and functions of iron itself in living samples have remained challenging due to the lack of efficient methods for monitoring labile intracellular iron. Herein, we report a new class of Fe(2+)-selective fluorescent probes based on the spirocyclization of hydroxymethylrhodamine and hydroxymethylrhodol scaffolds controlled by using our recently established N-oxide chemistry as a Fe(2+)-selective switch of fluorescence response. By suppressing the background signal, the spirocyclization strategy improved the turn-on rate dramatically, and reducing the size of the substituents of the N-oxide group enhanced the reaction rate against Fe(2+), compared with the first generation N-oxide based Fe(2+) probe, RhoNox-1. These new probes showed significant enhancements in the fluorescence signal against not only the exogenously loaded Fe(2+) but also the endogenous Fe(2+) levels. Furthermore, we succeeded in monitoring the accumulation of labile iron in the lysosome induced by transferrin-mediated endocytosis with a turn-on fluorescence response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Niwa
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4, Daigakunishi, Gifu, Japan.
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Petaccia M, Gradella Villalva D, Galantini L, Bombelli C, Giansanti L, Cerichelli G, Mancini G. Evaluation of the effects of hydrophilic probes on membrane permeability and stability. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2014.12.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Sankaranarayanan R, Alagumaruthanayagam A, Sankaran K. A new fluorimetric method for the detection and quantification of siderophores using Calcein Blue, with potential as a bacterial detection tool. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 99:2339-49. [PMID: 25634020 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-6411-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Revised: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The presence of microorganisms in biological fluids like urine and blood is an indication of vulnerability to infections. Iron is one of the important micronutrients required for bacterial growth. In an iron-deficit environment, bacteria release high-affinity iron-chelating compounds called siderophores which can be used as non-invasive target molecules for the detection of such pathogens. However, only limited reagents and procedures are available to detect the presence of these organic molecules. The present study aims at detecting the presence of siderophores in the iron-depleted media, exploiting the reversible quenching of Calcein Blue and iron(III) complex. The fluorescence of Calcein Blue is known to be quenched in the presence of iron(III); if a stronger chelator removes this ion from the fluorophore, the fluorescence of the fluorophore is regained. This behaviour of the fluorophore was exploited to detect and quantify siderophores down to 50 and 800 nM equivalent of standard siderophore, deferroxamine mesylate (desferal) in Dulbecco's PBS and siderophore quantification (SPQ) medium, respectively. The siderophores released by pathogens, equivalent to standard desferal, were in the range of 1.29 to 5.00 μM and those for non-pathogens were below 1.19 μM. The simple, sensitive and cost-effective method performed in a 96-well plate was able to detect and quantify iron chelators within 7-8 h of incubation.
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Ma Y, Abbate V, Hider RC. Iron-sensitive fluorescent probes: monitoring intracellular iron pools. Metallomics 2015; 7:212-22. [DOI: 10.1039/c4mt00214h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Goswami D, Machini MT, Silvestre DM, Nomura CS, Esposito BP. Cell penetrating peptide (CPP)-conjugated desferrioxamine for enhanced neuroprotection: synthesis and in vitro evaluation. Bioconjug Chem 2014; 25:2067-80. [PMID: 25299707 DOI: 10.1021/bc5004197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Iron overload causes progressive and sometimes irreversible damage due to accelerated production of reactive oxygen species. Desferrioxamine (DFO), a siderophore, has been used clinically to remove excess iron. However, the applications of DFO are limited because of its inability to access intracellular labile iron. Cell penetrating peptides (CPPs) have become an efficient delivery vector for the enhanced internalization of drugs into the cytosol. We describe, herein, an efficient method for covalently conjugating DFO to the CPPs TAT(47-57) and Penetratin. Both conjugates suppressed the redox activity of labile plasma iron in buffered solutions and in iron-overloaded sera. Enhanced access to intracellular labile iron compared to the parent siderophore was achieved in HeLa and RBE4 (a model of blood-brain-barrier) cell lines. Iron complexes of both conjugates also had better permeability in both cell models. DFO antioxidant and iron binding properties were preserved and its bioavailability was increased upon CPP conjugation, which opens new therapeutic possibilities for neurodegenerative processes associated with brain iron overload.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dibakar Goswami
- Departamentos de Química Fundamental e de ‡Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo , Av. Lineu Prestes 748, 05508-000, São Paulo, Brazil
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Bacterial siderophores that evade or overwhelm lipocalin 2 induce hypoxia inducible factor 1α and proinflammatory cytokine secretion in cultured respiratory epithelial cells. Infect Immun 2014; 82:3826-36. [PMID: 24980968 DOI: 10.1128/iai.01849-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron is essential for many cellular processes and is required by bacteria for replication. To acquire iron from the host, pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria secrete siderophores, including enterobactin (Ent). However, Ent is bound by the host protein lipocalin 2 (Lcn2), preventing bacterial reuptake of aferric or ferric Ent. Furthermore, the combination of Ent and Lcn2 (Ent+Lcn2) leads to enhanced secretion of interleukin-8 (IL-8) compared to that induced by either stimulus alone. Modified or structurally distinct siderophores, including yersiniabactin (Ybt) and glycosylated Ent (GlyEnt, or salmochelin), deliver iron to bacteria despite the presence of Lcn2. We hypothesized that the robust immune response to Ent and Lcn2 requires iron chelation rather than the Ent+Lcn2 complex itself and also can be stimulated by Lcn2-evasive siderophores. To test this hypothesis, cultured respiratory epithelial cells were stimulated with combinations of purified siderophores and Lcn2 and analyzed by gene expression microarrays, quantitative PCR, and cytokine immunoassays. Ent caused HIF-1α protein stabilization, induced the expression of genes regulated by hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α), and repressed genes involved in cell cycle and DNA replication, whereas Lcn2 induced expression of proinflammatory cytokines. Iron chelation by excess Ent or Ybt significantly increased Lcn2-induced secretion of IL-8, IL-6, and CCL20. Stabilization of HIF-1α was sufficient to enhance Lcn2-induced IL-6 secretion. These data indicate that respiratory epithelial cells can respond to bacterial siderophores that evade or overwhelm Lcn2 binding by increasing proinflammatory cytokine production.
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