1
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Sharrow AC, Megill E, Chen AJ, Farooqi A, McGonigal S, Hempel N, Snyder NW, Buckanovich RJ, Aird KM. Acetate drives ovarian cancer quiescence via ACSS2-mediated acetyl-CoA production. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.12.603313. [PMID: 39026889 PMCID: PMC11257583 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.12.603313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Quiescence is a reversible cell cycle exit traditionally thought to be associated with a metabolically inactive state. Recent work in muscle cells indicates that metabolic reprogramming is associated with quiescence. Whether metabolic changes occur in cancer to drive quiescence is unclear. Using a multi-omics approach, we found that the metabolic enzyme ACSS2, which converts acetate into acetyl-CoA, is both highly upregulated in quiescent ovarian cancer cells and required for their survival. Indeed, quiescent ovarian cancer cells have increased levels of acetate-derived acetyl-CoA, confirming increased ACSS2 activity in these cells. Furthermore, either inducing ACSS2 expression or supplementing cells with acetate was sufficient to induce a reversible quiescent cell cycle exit. RNA-Seq of acetate treated cells confirmed negative enrichment in multiple cell cycle pathways as well as enrichment of genes in a published G0 gene signature. Finally, analysis of patient data showed that ACSS2 expression is upregulated in tumor cells from ascites, which are thought to be more quiescent, compared to matched primary tumors. Additionally, high ACSS2 expression is associated with platinum resistance and worse outcomes. Together, this study points to a previously unrecognized ACSS2-mediated metabolic reprogramming that drives quiescence in ovarian cancer. As chemotherapies to treat ovarian cancer, such as platinum, have increased efficacy in highly proliferative cells, our data give rise to the intriguing question that metabolically-driven quiescence may affect therapeutic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison C. Sharrow
- Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Emily Megill
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Amanda J. Chen
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Afifa Farooqi
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | | | - Nadine Hempel
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Nathaniel W. Snyder
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Ronald J. Buckanovich
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, PA
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Katherine M. Aird
- Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
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2
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Wang X, Menezes CJ, Jia Y, Xiao Y, Venigalla SSK, Cai F, Hsieh MH, Gu W, Du L, Sudderth J, Kim D, Shelton SD, Llamas CB, Lin YH, Zhu M, Merchant S, Bezwada D, Kelekar S, Zacharias LG, Mathews TP, Hoxhaj G, Wynn RM, Tambar UK, DeBerardinis RJ, Zhu H, Mishra P. Metabolic inflexibility promotes mitochondrial health during liver regeneration. Science 2024; 384:eadj4301. [PMID: 38870309 PMCID: PMC11232486 DOI: 10.1126/science.adj4301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondria are critical for proper organ function and mechanisms to promote mitochondrial health during regeneration would benefit tissue homeostasis. We report that during liver regeneration, proliferation is suppressed in electron transport chain (ETC)-dysfunctional hepatocytes due to an inability to generate acetyl-CoA from peripheral fatty acids through mitochondrial β-oxidation. Alternative modes for acetyl-CoA production from pyruvate or acetate are suppressed in the setting of ETC dysfunction. This metabolic inflexibility forces a dependence on ETC-functional mitochondria and restoring acetyl-CoA production from pyruvate is sufficient to allow ETC-dysfunctional hepatocytes to proliferate. We propose that metabolic inflexibility within hepatocytes can be advantageous by limiting the expansion of ETC-dysfunctional cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Wang
- Children's Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Cameron J Menezes
- Children's Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Yuemeng Jia
- Children's Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Yi Xiao
- Children's Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | | | - Feng Cai
- Children's Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Meng-Hsiung Hsieh
- Children's Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Wen Gu
- Children's Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Liming Du
- Children's Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Jessica Sudderth
- Children's Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Dohun Kim
- Children's Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Spencer D Shelton
- Children's Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Claire B Llamas
- Children's Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Yu-Hsuan Lin
- Children's Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Min Zhu
- Children's Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Salma Merchant
- Children's Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Divya Bezwada
- Children's Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Sherwin Kelekar
- Children's Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Lauren G Zacharias
- Children's Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Thomas P Mathews
- Children's Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Gerta Hoxhaj
- Children's Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - R Max Wynn
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Uttam K Tambar
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Ralph J DeBerardinis
- Children's Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Hao Zhu
- Children's Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Departments of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Prashant Mishra
- Children's Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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3
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Cai Z, Luo W, Wang H, Zhu R, Yuan Y, Zhan X, Xie M, Zhuang H, Chen H, Xu Y, Li X, Liu L, Xu G. MFN2 suppresses the accumulation of lipid droplets and the progression of clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Cancer Sci 2024; 115:1791-1807. [PMID: 38480904 PMCID: PMC11145141 DOI: 10.1111/cas.16151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Dissolving the lipid droplets in tissue section with alcohol during a hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stain causes the tumor cells to appear like clear soap bubbles under a microscope, which is a key pathological feature of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). Mitochondrial dynamics have been reported to be closely associated with lipid metabolism and tumor development. However, the relationship between mitochondrial dynamics and lipid metabolism reprogramming in ccRCC remains to be further explored. We conducted bioinformatics analysis to identify key genes regulating mitochondrial dynamics differentially expressed between tumor and normal tissues and immunohistochemistry and Western blot to confirm. After the target was identified, we created stable ccRCC cell lines to test the impact of the target gene on mitochondrial morphology, tumorigenesis in culture cells and xenograft models, and profiles of lipid metabolism. It was found that mitofusin 2 (MFN2) was downregulated in ccRCC tissues and associated with poor prognosis in patients with ccRCC. MFN2 suppressed mitochondrial fragmentation, proliferation, migration, and invasion of ccRCC cells and growth of xenograft tumors. Furthermore, MFN2 impacted lipid metabolism and reduced the accumulation of lipid droplets in ccRCC cells. MFN2 suppressed disease progression and improved prognosis for patients with ccRCC possibly by interrupting cellular lipid metabolism and reducing accumulation of lipid droplets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiduan Cai
- Department of Urology, Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting DiagnosisTherapy and Rehabilitation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Wenjun Luo
- Department of Urology, Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting DiagnosisTherapy and Rehabilitation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Haoran Wang
- Department of Urology, Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting DiagnosisTherapy and Rehabilitation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Rui Zhu
- Department of Urology, Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting DiagnosisTherapy and Rehabilitation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Yaoji Yuan
- Department of Urology, Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting DiagnosisTherapy and Rehabilitation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Xiangyu Zhan
- Department of Urology, Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting DiagnosisTherapy and Rehabilitation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | | | - Haoquan Zhuang
- Department of Urology, Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting DiagnosisTherapy and Rehabilitation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Haoyu Chen
- Department of Urology, Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting DiagnosisTherapy and Rehabilitation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Yuyu Xu
- Department of Urology, Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting DiagnosisTherapy and Rehabilitation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Xiezhao Li
- Department of Urology, Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting DiagnosisTherapy and Rehabilitation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Leyuan Liu
- Department of Urology, Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting DiagnosisTherapy and Rehabilitation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Guibin Xu
- Department of Urology, Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting DiagnosisTherapy and Rehabilitation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of UrologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
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4
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Benej M, Papandreou I, Denko NC. Hypoxic adaptation of mitochondria and its impact on tumor cell function. Semin Cancer Biol 2024; 100:28-38. [PMID: 38556040 PMCID: PMC11320707 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2024.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondria are the major sink for oxygen in the cell, consuming it during ATP production. Therefore, when environmental oxygen levels drop in the tumor, significant adaptation is required. Mitochondrial activity is also a major producer of biosynthetic precursors and a regulator of cellular oxidative and reductive balance. Because of the complex biochemistry, mitochondrial adaptation to hypoxia occurs through multiple mechanisms and has significant impact on other cellular processes such as macromolecule synthesis and gene regulation. In tumor hypoxia, mitochondria shift their location in the cell and accelerate the fission and quality control pathways. Hypoxic mitochondria also undergo significant changes to fundamental metabolic pathways of carbon metabolism and electron transport. These metabolic changes further impact the nuclear epigenome because mitochondrial metabolites are used as enzymatic substrates for modifying chromatin. This coordinated response delivers physiological flexibility and increased tumor cell robustness during the environmental stress of low oxygen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Benej
- Department of Radiation Oncology, OSU Wexner Medical Center, James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Ioanna Papandreou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, OSU Wexner Medical Center, James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Nicholas C Denko
- Department of Radiation Oncology, OSU Wexner Medical Center, James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA.
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5
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Balboni N, Babini G, Poeta E, Protti M, Mercolini L, Magnifico MC, Barile SN, Massenzio F, Pignataro A, Giorgi FM, Lasorsa FM, Monti B. Transcriptional and metabolic effects of aspartate-glutamate carrier isoform 1 (AGC1) downregulation in mouse oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs). Cell Mol Biol Lett 2024; 29:44. [PMID: 38553684 PMCID: PMC10979587 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-024-00563-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Aspartate-glutamate carrier isoform 1 (AGC1) is a carrier responsible for the export of mitochondrial aspartate in exchange for cytosolic glutamate and is part of the malate-aspartate shuttle, essential for the balance of reducing equivalents in the cells. In the brain, mutations in SLC25A12 gene, encoding for AGC1, cause an ultra-rare genetic disease, reported as a neurodevelopmental encephalopathy, whose symptoms include global hypomyelination, arrested psychomotor development, hypotonia and seizures. Among the biological components most affected by AGC1 deficiency are oligodendrocytes, glial cells responsible for myelination processes, and their precursors [oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs)]. The AGC1 silencing in an in vitro model of OPCs was documented to cause defects of proliferation and differentiation, mediated by alterations of histone acetylation/deacetylation. Disrupting AGC1 activity could possibly reduce the availability of acetyl groups, leading to perturbation of many biological pathways, such as histone modifications and fatty acids formation for myelin production. Here, we explore the transcriptome of mouse OPCs partially silenced for AGC1, reporting results of canonical analyses (differential expression) and pathway enrichment analyses, which highlight a disruption in fatty acids synthesis from both a regulatory and enzymatic stand. We further investigate the cellular effects of AGC1 deficiency through the identification of most affected transcriptional networks and altered alternative splicing. Transcriptional data were integrated with differential metabolite abundance analysis, showing downregulation of several amino acids, including glutamine and aspartate. Taken together, our results provide a molecular foundation for the effects of AGC1 deficiency in OPCs, highlighting the molecular mechanisms affected and providing a list of actionable targets to mitigate the effects of this pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Balboni
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giorgia Babini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Eleonora Poeta
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Michele Protti
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Laura Mercolini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Magnifico
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Simona Nicole Barile
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesca Massenzio
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Antonella Pignataro
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Federico M Giorgi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | | | - Barbara Monti
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
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6
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Russo M, Gualdrini F, Vallelonga V, Prosperini E, Noberini R, Pedretti S, Borriero C, Di Chiaro P, Polletti S, Imperato G, Marenda M, Ghirardi C, Bedin F, Cuomo A, Rodighiero S, Bonaldi T, Mitro N, Ghisletti S, Natoli G. Acetyl-CoA production by Mediator-bound 2-ketoacid dehydrogenases boosts de novo histone acetylation and is regulated by nitric oxide. Mol Cell 2024; 84:967-980.e10. [PMID: 38242130 PMCID: PMC7615796 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2023.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Histone-modifying enzymes depend on the availability of cofactors, with acetyl-coenzyme A (CoA) being required for histone acetyltransferase (HAT) activity. The discovery that mitochondrial acyl-CoA-producing enzymes translocate to the nucleus suggests that high concentrations of locally synthesized metabolites may impact acylation of histones and other nuclear substrates, thereby controlling gene expression. Here, we show that 2-ketoacid dehydrogenases are stably associated with the Mediator complex, thus providing a local supply of acetyl-CoA and increasing the generation of hyper-acetylated histone tails. Nitric oxide (NO), which is produced in large amounts in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages, inhibited the activity of Mediator-associated 2-ketoacid dehydrogenases. Elevation of NO levels and the disruption of Mediator complex integrity both affected de novo histone acetylation within a shared set of genomic regions. Our findings indicate that the local supply of acetyl-CoA generated by 2-ketoacid dehydrogenases bound to Mediator is required to maximize acetylation of histone tails at sites of elevated HAT activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Russo
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO) IRCCS, Milan 20139, Italy.
| | - Francesco Gualdrini
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO) IRCCS, Milan 20139, Italy.
| | - Veronica Vallelonga
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO) IRCCS, Milan 20139, Italy
| | - Elena Prosperini
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO) IRCCS, Milan 20139, Italy
| | - Roberta Noberini
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO) IRCCS, Milan 20139, Italy
| | - Silvia Pedretti
- DiSFeB, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano 20133, Italy
| | - Carolina Borriero
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO) IRCCS, Milan 20139, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Di Chiaro
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO) IRCCS, Milan 20139, Italy
| | - Sara Polletti
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO) IRCCS, Milan 20139, Italy
| | - Gabriele Imperato
- DiSFeB, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano 20133, Italy
| | - Mattia Marenda
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO) IRCCS, Milan 20139, Italy
| | - Chiara Ghirardi
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO) IRCCS, Milan 20139, Italy
| | - Fabio Bedin
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO) IRCCS, Milan 20139, Italy
| | - Alessandro Cuomo
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO) IRCCS, Milan 20139, Italy
| | - Simona Rodighiero
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO) IRCCS, Milan 20139, Italy
| | - Tiziana Bonaldi
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO) IRCCS, Milan 20139, Italy; Department of Hematology and Hematology-Oncology (DIPO), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano 20122, Italy
| | - Nico Mitro
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO) IRCCS, Milan 20139, Italy; DiSFeB, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano 20133, Italy
| | - Serena Ghisletti
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO) IRCCS, Milan 20139, Italy.
| | - Gioacchino Natoli
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO) IRCCS, Milan 20139, Italy.
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7
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Jiang S, Zhang G, Miao J, Wu D, Li X, Li J, Lu J, Gun S. Transcriptome and Metabolome Analyses Provide Insight into the Glucose-Induced Adipogenesis in Porcine Adipocytes. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:2027-2042. [PMID: 38534747 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46030131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Glucose is a major energy substrate for porcine adipocytes and also serves as a regulatory signal for adipogenesis and lipid metabolism. In this study, we combined transcriptome and metabolome analyses to reveal the underlying regulatory mechanisms of high glucose (HG) on adipogenesis by comparing differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) identified in porcine adipocytes. Results showed that HG (20 mmol/L) significantly increased fat accumulation in porcine adipocytes compared to low glucose (LG, 5 mmol/L). A total of 843 DEGs and 365 DAMs were identified. Functional enrichment analyses of DEGs found that multiple pathways were related to adipogenesis, lipid metabolism, and immune-inflammatory responses. PPARγ, C/EBPα, ChREBP, and FOS were identified as the key hub genes through module 3 analysis, and PPARγ acted as a central regulator by linking genes involved in lipid metabolism and immune-inflammatory responses. Gene-metabolite networks found that PPARγ-13-HODE was the most important interaction relationship. These results revealed that PPARγ could mediate the cross-talk between adipogenesis and the immune-inflammatory response during adipocyte maturation. This work provides a comprehensive view of the regulatory mechanisms of glucose on adipogenesis in porcine adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susu Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Guohua Zhang
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Jian Miao
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Dianhu Wu
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Ximei Li
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Jiawei Li
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Jianxiong Lu
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Shuangbao Gun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
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8
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Zeaiter N, Belot L, Cunin V, Nahed RA, Tokarska-Schlattner M, Le Gouellec A, Petosa C, Khochbin S, Schlattner U. Acetyl-CoA synthetase (ACSS2) does not generate butyryl- and crotonyl-CoA. Mol Metab 2024; 81:101903. [PMID: 38369012 PMCID: PMC10906504 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2024.101903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Acetyl and other acyl groups from different short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) competitively modify histones at various lysine sites. To fully understand the functional significance of such histone acylation, a key epigenetic mechanism, it is crucial to characterize the cellular sources of the corresponding acyl-CoA molecules required for the lysine modification. Like acetate, SCFAs such as propionate, butyrate and crotonate are thought to be the substrates used to generate the corresponding acyl-CoAs by enzymes known as acyl-CoA synthetases. The acetyl-CoA synthetase, ACSS2, which produces acetyl-CoA from acetate in the nucleocytoplasmic compartment, has been proposed to also mediate the synthesis of acyl-CoAs such as butyryl- and crotonyl-CoA from the corresponding SCFAs. This idea is now widely accepted and is sparking new research projects. However, based on our direct in vitro experiments with purified or recombinant enzymes and structural considerations, we demonstrate that ACSS2 is unable to mediate the generation of non-acetyl acyl-CoAs like butyryl- and crotonyl-CoA. It is therefore essential to re-examine published data and corresponding discussions in the light of this new finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nour Zeaiter
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U1055, Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Bioenergetics (LBFA), 38058 Grenoble, France
| | - Laura Belot
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Valérie Cunin
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, UMR 5525, VetAgro Sup, Grenoble INP, CHU Grenoble Alpes, TIMC, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Roland Abi Nahed
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U1055, Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Bioenergetics (LBFA), 38058 Grenoble, France
| | | | - Audrey Le Gouellec
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, UMR 5525, VetAgro Sup, Grenoble INP, CHU Grenoble Alpes, TIMC, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Carlo Petosa
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Saadi Khochbin
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U1209 and CNRS UMR5309, Institute for Advanced Biosciences (IAB), 38058 Grenoble, France.
| | - Uwe Schlattner
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U1055, Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Bioenergetics (LBFA), 38058 Grenoble, France; Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France.
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9
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Bacigalupa ZA, Landis MD, Rathmell JC. Nutrient inputs and social metabolic control of T cell fate. Cell Metab 2024; 36:10-20. [PMID: 38118440 PMCID: PMC10872404 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2023.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Cells in multicellular organisms experience diverse neighbors, signals, and evolving physical environments that drive functional and metabolic demands. To maintain proper development and homeostasis while avoiding inappropriate cell proliferation or death, individual cells interact with their neighbors via "social" cues to share and partition available nutrients. Metabolic signals also contribute to cell fate by providing biochemical links between cell-extrinsic signals and available resources. In addition to metabolic checkpoints that sense nutrients and directly supply molecular intermediates for biosynthetic pathways, many metabolites directly signal or provide the basis for post-translational modifications of target proteins and chromatin. In this review, we survey the landscape of T cell nutrient sensing and metabolic signaling that supports proper immunity while avoiding immunodeficiency or autoimmunity. The integration of cell-extrinsic microenvironmental cues with cell-intrinsic metabolic signaling provides a social metabolic control model to integrate cell signaling, metabolism, and fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary A Bacigalupa
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Madelyn D Landis
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Jeffrey C Rathmell
- Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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10
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Chen G, Bao B, Cheng Y, Tian M, Song J, Zheng L, Tong Q. Acetyl-CoA metabolism as a therapeutic target for cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 168:115741. [PMID: 37864899 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Acetyl-coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA), an essential metabolite, not only takes part in numerous intracellular metabolic processes, powers the tricarboxylic acid cycle, serves as a key hub for the biosynthesis of fatty acids and isoprenoids, but also serves as a signaling substrate for acetylation reactions in post-translational modification of proteins, which is crucial for the epigenetic inheritance of cells. Acetyl-CoA links lipid metabolism with histone acetylation to create a more intricate regulatory system that affects the growth, aggressiveness, and drug resistance of malignancies such as glioblastoma, breast cancer, and hepatocellular carcinoma. These fascinating advances in the knowledge of acetyl-CoA metabolism during carcinogenesis and normal physiology have raised interest regarding its modulation in malignancies. In this review, we provide an overview of the regulation and cancer relevance of main metabolic pathways in which acetyl-CoA participates. We also summarize the role of acetyl-CoA in the metabolic reprogramming and stress regulation of cancer cells, as well as medical application of inhibitors targeting its dysregulation in therapeutic intervention of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo Chen
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Banghe Bao
- Department of Pathology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Yang Cheng
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Minxiu Tian
- Department of Pathology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Jiyu Song
- Department of Pathology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Liduan Zheng
- Department of Pathology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, PR China.
| | - Qiangsong Tong
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, PR China.
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11
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Ho TC, Wan HT, Lee WK, Lam TKY, Lin X, Chan TF, Lai KP, Wong CKC. Effects of In Utero PFOS Exposure on Epigenetics and Metabolism in Mouse Fetal Livers. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:14892-14903. [PMID: 37759171 PMCID: PMC10569047 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c05207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Prenatal exposure to perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) increases fetus' metabolic risk; however, the investigation of the underlying mechanism is limited. In this study, pregnant mice in the gestational days (GD, 4.5-17.5) were exposed to PFOS (0.3 and 3 μg/g of body weight). At GD 17.5, PFOS perturbed maternal lipid metabolism and upregulated metabolism-regulating hepatokines (Angptl4, Angptl8, and Selenop). Mass-spectrometry imaging and whole-genome bisulfite sequencing revealed, respectively, selective PFOS localization and deregulation of gene methylation in fetal livers, involved in inflammation, glucose, and fatty acid metabolism. PCR and Western blot analysis of lipid-laden fetal livers showed activation of AMPK signaling, accompanied by significant increases in the expression of glucose transporters (Glut2/4), hexose-phosphate sensors (Retsat and ChREBP), and the key glycolytic enzyme, pyruvate kinase (Pk) for glucose catabolism. Additionally, PFOS modulated the expression levels of PPARα and PPARγ downstream target genes, which simultaneously stimulated fatty acid oxidation (Cyp4a14, Acot, and Acox) and lipogenesis (Srebp1c, Acaca, and Fasn). Using human normal hepatocyte (MIHA) cells, the underlying mechanism of PFOS-elicited nuclear translocation of ChREBP, associated with a fatty acid synthesizing pathway, was revealed. Our finding implies that in utero PFOS exposure altered the epigenetic landscape associated with dysregulation of fetal liver metabolism, predisposing postnatal susceptibility to metabolic challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsz Chun Ho
- Croucher
Institute for Environmental Sciences, Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
- State
Key Laboratory in Environmental and Biological Analysis, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hin Ting Wan
- Croucher
Institute for Environmental Sciences, Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wang Ka Lee
- Croucher
Institute for Environmental Sciences, Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Thomas Ka Yam Lam
- State
Key Laboratory in Environmental and Biological Analysis, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xiao Lin
- Department
of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine
at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - Ting Fung Chan
- School
of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Bioinformatics
Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Keng Po Lai
- Key
Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Integrative Omics, Education
Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541100, China
| | - Chris Kong Chu Wong
- Croucher
Institute for Environmental Sciences, Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
- State
Key Laboratory in Environmental and Biological Analysis, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
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12
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Miller KD, O'Connor S, Pniewski KA, Kannan T, Acosta R, Mirji G, Papp S, Hulse M, Mukha D, Hlavaty SI, Salcido KN, Bertolazzi F, Srikanth YVV, Zhao S, Wellen KE, Shinde RS, Claiborne DT, Kossenkov A, Salvino JM, Schug ZT. Acetate acts as a metabolic immunomodulator by bolstering T-cell effector function and potentiating antitumor immunity in breast cancer. NATURE CANCER 2023; 4:1491-1507. [PMID: 37723305 PMCID: PMC10615731 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-023-00636-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Acetate metabolism is an important metabolic pathway in many cancers and is controlled by acetyl-CoA synthetase 2 (ACSS2), an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of acetate to acetyl-CoA. While the metabolic role of ACSS2 in cancer is well described, the consequences of blocking tumor acetate metabolism on the tumor microenvironment and antitumor immunity are unknown. We demonstrate that blocking ACSS2, switches cancer cells from acetate consumers to producers of acetate thereby freeing acetate for tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes to use as a fuel source. We show that acetate supplementation metabolically bolsters T-cell effector functions and proliferation. Targeting ACSS2 with CRISPR-Cas9 guides or a small-molecule inhibitor promotes an antitumor immune response and enhances the efficacy of chemotherapy in preclinical breast cancer models. We propose a paradigm for targeting acetate metabolism in cancer in which inhibition of ACSS2 dually acts to impair tumor cell metabolism and potentiate antitumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katelyn D Miller
- The Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Seamus O'Connor
- The Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Katherine A Pniewski
- The Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Toshitha Kannan
- The Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Reyes Acosta
- The Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Gauri Mirji
- The Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, Immunology, Microenvironment & Metastasis Program, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sara Papp
- The Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michael Hulse
- The Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Dzmitry Mukha
- The Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sabina I Hlavaty
- The Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kelsey N Salcido
- The Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Fabrizio Bertolazzi
- The Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Yellamelli V V Srikanth
- The Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Steven Zhao
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kathryn E Wellen
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rahul S Shinde
- The Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, Immunology, Microenvironment & Metastasis Program, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Daniel T Claiborne
- The Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Andrew Kossenkov
- The Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Joseph M Salvino
- The Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Zachary T Schug
- The Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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13
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Habazaki M, Mizumoto S, Kajino H, Kujirai T, Kurumizaka H, Kawashima SA, Yamatsugu K, Kanai M. A chemical catalyst enabling histone acylation with endogenous acyl-CoA. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5790. [PMID: 37737243 PMCID: PMC10517024 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41426-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Life emerges from a network of biomolecules and chemical reactions catalyzed by enzymes. As enzyme abnormalities are often connected to various diseases, a chemical catalyst promoting physiologically important intracellular reactions in place of malfunctional endogenous enzymes would have great utility in understanding and treating diseases. However, research into such small-molecule chemical enzyme surrogates remains limited, due to difficulties in developing a reactive catalyst capable of activating inert cellular metabolites present at low concentrations. Herein, we report a small-molecule catalyst, mBnA, as a surrogate for a histone acetyltransferase. A hydroxamic acid moiety of suitable electronic characteristics at the catalytic site, paired with a thiol-thioester exchange process, enables mBnA to activate endogenous acyl-CoAs present in low concentrations and promote histone lysine acylations in living cells without the addition of exogenous acyl donors. An enzyme surrogate utilizing cellular metabolites will be a unique tool for elucidation of and synthetic intervention in the chemistry of life and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misuzu Habazaki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Mizumoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Kajino
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Tomoya Kujirai
- Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0032, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Kurumizaka
- Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0032, Japan
| | - Shigehiro A Kawashima
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
| | - Kenzo Yamatsugu
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
| | - Motomu Kanai
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
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14
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Zhang MY, Zhang XH, Wang XY, Liu YL, An JH, Wang DH, Cai ZG, Hou R. Intestinal acetic acid regulates the synthesis of sex pheromones in captive giant pandas. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1234676. [PMID: 37692393 PMCID: PMC10485365 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1234676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
As a typical solitary animal, adult giant pandas rely on chemical signals (sex pheromones) to transmit reproductive information during oestrous. Although researchers have confirmed that the gut microbiota is related to the emission and reception of sex pheromones, there is no clear correlation between the gut microbes and the synthesis of sex pheromone of giant pandas, that is, which gut microbes and microbial metabolites are participate in the synthesis of giant panda's sex pheromone. As a mirror of gut microbiota, fecal microbiota can reflect the composition of gut microbiota and its interaction with host to some extent. The purpose of this study is to explore how the gut microbes affect the synthesis of sex pheromones in captive giant pandas by combining analysis of the fecal microbiome and metabolomics. The results of correlation and microbial function analysis show that intestinal microorganisms such as Veillonellaceae and Lactobacillilaceae are associated with the synthesis of short chain fatty acid (acetic acid) and volatile ester metabolites, such as 1-butanol, 3-methyl, acetate, acetic acid, hexyl ester and 3-hexen-1-ol, acetate, (Z). In summary, based on this study, we believe that volatile metabolites such as fecal acetate participate in the process of mate preference of captive giant pandas and affect their expression of natural mating behavior. The possible mechanism is that the gut microbes can promote the synthesis of key chemical signaling substances in perianal glands through mediated intermediate fecal metabolites, thus affecting the normal information exchange between giant pandas individuals. The results of this study have greatly enriched our understanding of gut microbes regulating the synthesis of sex pheromones in giant pandas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-yue Zhang
- Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Academy of Giant Panda, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao-hui Zhang
- Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu, China
| | - Xue-ying Wang
- Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu-liang Liu
- Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Academy of Giant Panda, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun-hui An
- Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Academy of Giant Panda, Chengdu, China
| | - Dong-hui Wang
- Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Academy of Giant Panda, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhi-gang Cai
- Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Academy of Giant Panda, Chengdu, China
| | - Rong Hou
- Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Academy of Giant Panda, Chengdu, China
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15
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Lin Y, Lin A, Cai L, Huang W, Yan S, Wei Y, Ruan X, Fang W, Dai X, Cheng J, Zhang J, Chen W, Ye Q, Chen X, Zhang J. ACSS2-dependent histone acetylation improves cognition in mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Mol Neurodegener 2023; 18:47. [PMID: 37438762 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-023-00625-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nuclear acetyl-CoA pools govern histone acetylation that controls synaptic plasticity and contributes to cognitive deterioration in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Nuclear acetyl-CoA pools are generated partially from local acetate that is metabolized by acetyl-CoA synthetase 2 (ACSS2). However, the underlying mechanism of histone acetylation dysregulation in AD remains poorly understood. METHODS We detected ACSS2 expression and histone acetylation levels in the brains of AD patients and 5 × FAD mice. When we altered ACSS2 expression by injecting adeno-associated virus into the dorsal hippocampus of 5 × FAD mice and replenished ACSS2 substrate (acetate), we observed changes in cognitive function by Morris water maze. We next performed RNA-seq, ChIP-qPCR, and electrophysiology to study molecular mechanism underlying ACSS2-mediated spatial learning and memory in 5 × FAD mice. RESULTS We reported that ACSS2 expression and histone acetylation (H3K9, H4K12) were reduced in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex of 5 × FAD mice. Reduced ACSS2 levels were also observed in the temporal cortex of AD patients. 5 × FAD mice exhibited a low enrichment of acetylated histones on the promoters of NMDARs and AMPARs, together with impaired basal and activity-dependent synaptic plasticity, all of which were rescued by ACSS2 upregulation. Moreover, acetate replenishment enhanced ac-H3K9 and ac-H4K12 in 5 × FAD mice, leading to an increase of NMDARs and AMPARs and a restoration of synaptic plasticity and cognitive function in an ACSS2-dependent manner. CONCLUSION ACSS2 is a key molecular switch of cognitive impairment and that targeting ACSS2 or acetate administration may serve as a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of intermediate or advanced AD. Nuclear acetyl-CoA pools are generated partly from local acetate that is metabolized by acetyl-CoA synthetase 2 (ACSS2). Model depicts that ACSS2 expression is downregulated in the brains of 5×FAD model mice and AD patients. Of note, ACSS2 downregulation mediates a reduction in ionotropic glutamate receptor expression through histone acetylation, which exacerbates synaptic plasticity impairment in AD. These deficits can be rescued by ACSS2 upregulation or acetate supplementation (GTA, an FDA-approved food additive), which may serve as a promising therapeutic strategy for AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingbin Lin
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology and Institute of Neuroscience, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Institute of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Anlan Lin
- The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lili Cai
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology and Institute of Neuroscience, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Weibin Huang
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology and Institute of Neuroscience, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Institute of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shanzhi Yan
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology and Institute of Neuroscience, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yuanxiang Wei
- The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xinglin Ruan
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology and Institute of Neuroscience, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wenting Fang
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology and Institute of Neuroscience, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaoman Dai
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology and Institute of Neuroscience, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jinbo Cheng
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology and Institute of Neuroscience, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wanjin Chen
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Institute of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qinyong Ye
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology and Institute of Neuroscience, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaochun Chen
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology and Institute of Neuroscience, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology and Institute of Neuroscience, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
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16
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Song Q, Guo JX, Ma YX, Ou T, Zhang J, Li HZ, Mi SQ, Zhang YZ, Oda H, Chen W. Taurine alleviated hepatic steatosis in oleic acid-treated-HepG2 cells and rats fed a high-fat diet. Heliyon 2023; 9:e16401. [PMID: 37274675 PMCID: PMC10238701 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Taurine has been proven in many trials to alleviate the symptoms of metabolic associated fatty liver disease. Here its protective effect for hepatic steatosis and modulation of AMP-activated protein kinase and insulin signaling pathway were investigated. Steatotic HepG2 cell established with oleic acid (0.05 mmol/L), treated with taurine (5 mmol/L), dorsomorphin (10 μmol/L) for 24 h. Sprague Dawley rats were divided into regular and high-fat diet (HFD) groups, and their corresponding taurine (70 or 350 mg/kg BW/d) groups, fed for 8 weeks. In steatotic cell, taurine reduced the TG concentration and SREBP-1c, PPARγ, FAS, ACC, SCD1 protein levels, decreased phosphorylation of mTOR, IRS1 (Ser302), increased phosphorylation of AMPKα, LKB1, PI3K, Akt, ACC. While dorsomorphin eliminated taurine's TG-lowering effect. In HFD-fed rats, taurine reduced liver TG, serum TG, ALT, AST, IL-1β, IL-4, TNF-α. The effects of taurine on the main factors of fatty acid synthesis were mostly consistent with cell experiments, and the reduction of microRNAs (451, 33, 291b) was aligned with the improvement in LKB1 and AMPK expression in HFD rats. Taurine alleviated steatosis-induced inhibition of IRS1-PI3K-Akt pathway, but suppressed its positively regulated downstream factor mTOR. In parallel, taurine reduced steatosis by activating LKB1-AMPKα pathway via phosphorylation and no-phosphorylation manner, then inhibiting SREBP-1c directly or by suppressing mTOR phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional Foods, Beijing Union University, Beijing, 100191, China
- Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Jun Xia Guo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional Foods, Beijing Union University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yu Xun Ma
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional Foods, Beijing Union University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Tong Ou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional Foods, Beijing Union University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional Foods, Beijing Union University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Hui Zi Li
- Department of Nutrition, PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, 100088, China
| | - Sheng Quan Mi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional Foods, Beijing Union University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yan Zhen Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional Foods, Beijing Union University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Hiroaki Oda
- Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Wen Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional Foods, Beijing Union University, Beijing, 100191, China
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17
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Mehta A, Ratre YK, Soni VK, Shukla D, Sonkar SC, Kumar A, Vishvakarma NK. Orchestral role of lipid metabolic reprogramming in T-cell malignancy. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1122789. [PMID: 37256177 PMCID: PMC10226149 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1122789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The immune function of normal T cells partially depends on the maneuvering of lipid metabolism through various stages and subsets. Interestingly, T-cell malignancies also reprogram their lipid metabolism to fulfill bioenergetic demand for rapid division. The rewiring of lipid metabolism in T-cell malignancies not only provides survival benefits but also contributes to their stemness, invasion, metastasis, and angiogenesis. Owing to distinctive lipid metabolic programming in T-cell cancer, quantitative, qualitative, and spatial enrichment of specific lipid molecules occur. The formation of lipid rafts rich in cholesterol confers physical strength and sustains survival signals. The accumulation of lipids through de novo synthesis and uptake of free lipids contribute to the bioenergetic reserve required for robust demand during migration and metastasis. Lipid storage in cells leads to the formation of specialized structures known as lipid droplets. The inimitable changes in fatty acid synthesis (FAS) and fatty acid oxidation (FAO) are in dynamic balance in T-cell malignancies. FAO fuels the molecular pumps causing chemoresistance, while FAS offers structural and signaling lipids for rapid division. Lipid metabolism in T-cell cancer provides molecules having immunosuppressive abilities. Moreover, the distinctive composition of membrane lipids has implications for immune evasion by malignant cells of T-cell origin. Lipid droplets and lipid rafts are contributors to maintaining hallmarks of cancer in malignancies of T cells. In preclinical settings, molecular targeting of lipid metabolism in T-cell cancer potentiates the antitumor immunity and chemotherapeutic response. Thus, the direct and adjunct benefit of lipid metabolic targeting is expected to improve the clinical management of T-cell malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arundhati Mehta
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Yashwant Kumar Ratre
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | | | - Dhananjay Shukla
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Subhash C. Sonkar
- Multidisciplinary Research Unit, Maulana Azad Medical College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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18
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Chen DD, Shi Q, Liu X, Liang DL, Wu YZ, Fan Q, Xiao K, Chen C, Dong XP. Aberrant SENP1-SUMO-Sirt3 Signaling Causes the Disturbances of Mitochondrial Deacetylation and Oxidative Phosphorylation in Prion-Infected Animal and Cell Models. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023; 14:1610-1621. [PMID: 37092685 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Post-translational modifications of proteins, such as acetylation and SUMOylation, play important roles in regulation of protein functions and pathophysiology of different diseases including neurodegenerative diseases. Our previous studies have identified aberrant acetylation profiles and reduced deacetylases Sirt3 and Sirt1 in the brains of prion-infected mouse models. In this study, we have found that the levels of acetylated forms of AceCS2 and LCAD, the key enzymes regulating lipid metabolism, CS and IHD2, the key enzymes regulating complete oxidative metabolism, GDH, the key enzyme regulating the oxidative decomposition of glutamate into the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and NDUFA9, the essential component in the complex I of respiratory chain activity, were significantly upregulated in the prion-infected animal and cell models, along with the decrease of Sirt3 activity and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase activity. Meanwhile, the increases of SUMO1 modifications and SUMO1-Sirt3 and decrease of SENP1 were identified in the brains and the cultured cells with prion infections. Removal of prion propagation in the cultured cells partially, but significantly, reversed the aberrant situations. Moreover, similar abnormal phenomena were also observed in the cultured 293 T cells transiently expressing cytosolic form PrP (Cyto-PrP), including decreased SENP1, increased SUMO1, decreased Sirt3 activity, increased acetylated forms of the key enzymes, and decreased cytochrome c oxidase activity. Attenuation of the accumulation of Cyto-PrP by co-expression of the p62 protein sufficiently diminished those abnormalities. The data here strongly indicate that deposits of prions in brains or accumulations of Cyto-PrP in cells trigger dysregulation of the SENP1-SUMO1-Sirt pathway and subsequently induce aberrant mitochondrial deacetylation and the mitochondrial respiratory chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Dong Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Qi Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Beijing 102206, China
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Xin Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Dong-Lin Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yue-Zhang Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Qin Fan
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Kang Xiao
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Cao Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Beijing 102206, China
- Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Dong
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Beijing 102206, China
- Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
- Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosafety, Shanghai 201517, China
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19
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Qin N, Li L, Wang Z, Shi S. Microbial production of odd-chain fatty acids. Biotechnol Bioeng 2023; 120:917-931. [PMID: 36522132 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Odd-chain fatty acids (OcFAs) and their derivatives have attracted much attention due to their beneficial physiological effects and their potential to be alternatives to advanced fuels. However, cells naturally produce even-chain fatty acids (EcFAs) with negligible OcFAs. In the process of biosynthesis of fatty acids (FAs), the acetyl-CoA serves as the starter unit for EcFAs, and propionyl-CoA works as the starter unit for OcFAs. The lack of sufficient propionyl-CoA, the precursor, is usually regarded as the main restriction for large-scale bioproduction of OcFAs. In recent years, synthetic biology strategies have been used to modify several microorganisms to produce more propionyl-CoA that would enable an efficient biosynthesis of OcFAs. This review discusses several reported and potential metabolic pathways for propionyl-CoA biosynthesis, followed by advances in engineering several cell factories for OcFAs production. Finally, trends and challenges of synthetic biology driven OcFAs production are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Qin
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Lingyun Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Shuobo Shi
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
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20
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Garcia JA, Chen R, Xu M, Comerford SA, Hammer RE, Melton SD, Feagins LA. Acss2/HIF-2 signaling facilitates colon cancer growth and metastasis. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0282223. [PMID: 36862715 PMCID: PMC9980813 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0282223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The microenvironment of solid tumors is characterized by oxygen and glucose deprivation. Acss2/HIF-2 signaling coordinates essential genetic regulators including acetate-dependent acetyl CoA synthetase 2 (Acss2), Creb binding protein (Cbp), Sirtuin 1 (Sirt1), and Hypoxia Inducible Factor 2α (HIF-2α). We previously shown in mice that exogenous acetate augments growth and metastasis of flank tumors derived from fibrosarcoma-derived HT1080 cells in an Acss2/HIF-2 dependent manner. Colonic epithelial cells are exposed to the highest acetate levels in the body. We reasoned that colon cancer cells, like fibrosarcoma cells, may respond to acetate in a pro-growth manner. In this study, we examine the role of Acss2/HIF-2 signaling in colon cancer. We find that Acss2/HIF-2 signaling is activated by oxygen or glucose deprivation in two human colon cancer-derived cell lines, HCT116 and HT29, and is crucial for colony formation, migration, and invasion in cell culture studies. Flank tumors derived from HCT116 and HT29 cells exhibit augmented growth in mice when supplemented with exogenous acetate in an Acss2/HIF-2 dependent manner. Finally, Acss2 in human colon cancer samples is most frequently localized in the nucleus, consistent with it having a signaling role. Targeted inhibition of Acss2/HIF-2 signaling may have synergistic effects for some colon cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph A. Garcia
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
- Research & Development, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Rui Chen
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Min Xu
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Sarah A. Comerford
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Robert E. Hammer
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Shelby D. Melton
- Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Veterans Affairs North Texas Health Care System, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Linda A. Feagins
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America
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21
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Vasudevan NP, Soni DK, Moffett JR, Krishnan JKS, Appu AP, Ghoshal S, Arun P, Denu JM, Flagg TP, Biswas R, Namboodiri AM. Acss2 Deletion Reveals Functional Versatility via Tissue-Specific Roles in Transcriptional Regulation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:3673. [PMID: 36835088 PMCID: PMC9964712 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The coordination of cellular biological processes is regulated in part via metabolic enzymes acting to match cellular metabolism to current conditions. The acetate activating enzyme, acyl-coenzyme A synthetase short-chain family member 2 (Acss2), has long been considered to have a predominantly lipogenic function. More recent evidence suggests that this enzyme has regulatory functions in addition to its role in providing acetyl-CoA for lipid synthesis. We used Acss2 knockout mice (Acss2-/-) to further investigate the roles this enzyme plays in three physiologically distinct organ systems that make extensive use of lipid synthesis and storage, including the liver, brain, and adipose tissue. We examined the resulting transcriptomic changes resulting from Acss2 deletion and assessed these changes in relation to fatty acid constitution. We find that loss of Acss2 leads to dysregulation of numerous canonical signaling pathways, upstream transcriptional regulatory molecules, cellular processes, and biological functions, which were distinct in the liver, brain, and mesenteric adipose tissues. The detected organ-specific transcriptional regulatory patterns reflect the complementary functional roles of these organ systems within the context of systemic physiology. While alterations in transcriptional states were evident, the loss of Acss2 resulted in few changes in fatty acid constitution in all three organ systems. Overall, we demonstrate that Acss2 loss institutes organ-specific transcriptional regulatory patterns reflecting the complementary functional roles of these organ systems. Collectively, these findings provide further confirmation that Acss2 regulates key transcription factors and pathways under well-fed, non-stressed conditions and acts as a transcriptional regulatory enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narayanan Puthillathu Vasudevan
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Genetics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Dharmendra K. Soni
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Genetics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - John R. Moffett
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Genetics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Jishnu K. S. Krishnan
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Genetics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Abhilash P. Appu
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Genetics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Sarani Ghoshal
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Genetics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Peethambaran Arun
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Genetics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - John M. Denu
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Thomas P. Flagg
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Genetics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Roopa Biswas
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Genetics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Aryan M. Namboodiri
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Genetics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
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22
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He W, Li Q, Li X. Acetyl-CoA regulates lipid metabolism and histone acetylation modification in cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:188837. [PMID: 36403921 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2022.188837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Acetyl-CoA, as an important molecule, not only participates in multiple intracellular metabolic reactions, but also affects the post-translational modification of proteins, playing a key role in the metabolic activity and epigenetic inheritance of cells. Cancer cells require extensive lipid metabolism to fuel for their growth, while also require histone acetylation modifications to increase the expression of cancer-promoting genes. As a raw material for de novo lipid synthesis and histone acetylation, acetyl-CoA has a major impact on lipid metabolism and histone acetylation in cancer. More importantly, in cancer, acetyl-CoA connects lipid metabolism with histone acetylation, forming a more complex regulatory mechanism that influences cancer growth, proliferation, metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijing He
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qingguo Li
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Xinxiang Li
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
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23
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Hong KU, Salazar-González RA, Walls KM, Hein DW. Transcriptional Regulation of Human Arylamine N-Acetyltransferase 2 Gene by Glucose and Insulin in Liver Cancer Cell Lines. Toxicol Sci 2022; 190:158-172. [PMID: 36156098 PMCID: PMC9702998 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfac103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Arylamine N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) is well-known for its role in phase II metabolism of xenobiotics and drugs. More recently, genome wide association studies and murine models implicated NAT2 in regulation of insulin sensitivity and plasma lipid levels. However, the mechanism remains unknown. Transcript levels of human NAT2 varied dynamically in HepG2 (hepatocellular) cells, depending on the nutrient status of the culture media. Culturing the cells in the presence of glucose induced NAT2 mRNA expression as well as its N-acetyltransferase activity significantly. In addition, insulin or acetate treatment also significantly induced NAT2 mRNA. We examined and compared the glucose- and acetate-dependent changes in NAT2 expression to those of genes involved in glucose and lipid metabolism, including FABP1, CPT1A, ACACA, SCD, CD36, FASN, ACLY, G6PC, and PCK1. Genes that are involved in fatty acid transport and lipogenesis, such as FABP1 and CD36, shared a similar pattern of expression with NAT2. In silico analysis of genes co-expressed with NAT2 revealed an enrichment of biological processes involved in lipid and cholesterol biosynthesis and transport. Among these, A1CF (APOBEC1 complementation factor) showed the highest correlation with NAT2 in terms of its expression in normal human tissues. The current study shows, for the first time, that human NAT2 is transcriptionally regulated by glucose and insulin in liver cancer cell lines and that the gene expression pattern of NAT2 is similar to that of genes involved in lipid metabolism and transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung U Hong
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology and Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, USA
| | - Raúl A Salazar-González
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology and Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, USA
| | - Kennedy M Walls
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology and Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, USA
| | - David W Hein
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology and Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, USA
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24
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Park S, Mossmann D, Chen Q, Wang X, Dazert E, Colombi M, Schmidt A, Ryback B, Ng CKY, Terracciano LM, Heim MH, Hall MN. Transcription factors TEAD2 and E2A globally repress acetyl-CoA synthesis to promote tumorigenesis. Mol Cell 2022; 82:4246-4261.e11. [PMID: 36400009 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2022.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Acetyl-coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) plays an important role in metabolism, gene expression, signaling, and other cellular processes via transfer of its acetyl group to proteins and metabolites. However, the synthesis and usage of acetyl-CoA in disease states such as cancer are poorly characterized. Here, we investigated global acetyl-CoA synthesis and protein acetylation in a mouse model and patient samples of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Unexpectedly, we found that acetyl-CoA levels are decreased in HCC due to transcriptional downregulation of all six acetyl-CoA biosynthesis pathways. This led to hypo-acetylation specifically of non-histone proteins, including many enzymes in metabolic pathways. Importantly, repression of acetyl-CoA synthesis promoted oncogenic dedifferentiation and proliferation. Mechanistically, acetyl-CoA synthesis was repressed by the transcription factors TEAD2 and E2A, previously unknown to control acetyl-CoA synthesis. Knockdown of TEAD2 and E2A restored acetyl-CoA levels and inhibited tumor growth. Our findings causally link transcriptional reprogramming of acetyl-CoA metabolism, dedifferentiation, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujin Park
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dirk Mossmann
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Qian Chen
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Clarunis, University Center for Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Xueya Wang
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Clarunis, University Center for Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Eva Dazert
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marco Colombi
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Brendan Ryback
- Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Charlotte K Y Ng
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Markus H Heim
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Clarunis, University Center for Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael N Hall
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
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25
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Im ST, Kim HS, Jung WK, Lee SH. Ishophloroglucin A, a potent PTP1B inhibitor isolated from brown alga Ishige okamurae inhibits adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Fitoterapia 2022; 163:105342. [PMID: 36330897 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2022.105342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Ishophloroglucin A (IPA) is one of the most abundant and active compounds in Ishige okamurae and is known to be a potential therapeutic candidate for the improvement of metabolic diseases. However, IPA on the inhibitory effects of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) and adipogenesis have not been determined. In this study, we investigated the effects of IPA on the inhibition of PTP1B, the effects on adipogenesis, and its mechanisms of action in 3 T3-L1 adipocytes. The IC50 value of IPA against PTP1B was 0.43 μM, which evidenced the higher inhibition activity than that of ursolic acid, a known PTP1B inhibitor. For further insight, we predicted the 3D structure of PTP1B and used a docking algorithm to simulate the binding between PTP1B and IPA. Molecular docking studies revealed a high and stable binding affinity between IPA and PTP1B and indicated that the IPA could interacts with the amino acid residues located in a region to the active site of PTP1B. Further studies showed that IPA concentrations between 6.25 μM and 25 μM dose-dependently attenuated adipogenesis, which was accompanied by a reduction in adipogenesis-related factors, including PPARγ, C/EBPα, SREBP-1c, and FABP4. Our findings suggested that IPA may be a promising natural compound for the treatment of obesity and related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Tae Im
- Department of Medical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Soo Kim
- National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, Seocheon 33662, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Kyo Jung
- Major of Biomedical Engineering, Division of Smart Healthcare and New-senior Healthcare Innovation Center (BK21 Plus), Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea; Research Center for Marine-Integrated Bionics Technology and Marine Integrated Biomedical Technology Center, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seung-Hong Lee
- Department of Medical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Republic of Korea; Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Republic of Korea.
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26
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Zhou Z, Ren Y, Yang J, Liu M, Shi X, Luo W, Fung KM, Xu C, Bronze MS, Zhang Y, Houchen CW, Li M. Acetyl-Coenzyme A Synthetase 2 Potentiates Macropinocytosis and Muscle Wasting Through Metabolic Reprogramming in Pancreatic Cancer. Gastroenterology 2022; 163:1281-1293.e1. [PMID: 35777482 PMCID: PMC9613512 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2022.06.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Rapid deconditioning, also called cachexia, and metabolic reprogramming are two hallmarks of pancreatic cancer. Acetyl-coenzyme A synthetase short-chain family member 2 (ACSS2) is an acetyl-enzyme A synthetase that contributes to lipid synthesis and epigenetic reprogramming. However, the role of ACSS2 on the nonselective macropinocytosis and cancer cachexia in pancreatic cancer remains elusive. In this study, we demonstrate that ACSS2 potentiates macropinocytosis and muscle wasting through metabolic reprogramming in pancreatic cancer. METHODS Clinical significance of ACSS2 was analyzed using samples from patients with pancreatic cancer. ACSS2-knockout cells were established using the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-associated protein 9 system. Single-cell RNA sequencing data from genetically engineered mouse models was analyzed. The macropinocytotic index was evaluated by dextran uptake assay. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay was performed to validate transcriptional activation. ACSS2-mediated tumor progression and muscle wasting were examined in orthotopic xenograft models. RESULTS Metabolic stress induced ACSS2 expression, which is associated with worse prognosis in pancreatic cancer. ACSS2 knockout significantly suppressed cell proliferation in 2-dimensional and 3-dimensional models. Macropinocytosis-associated genes are upregulated in tumor tissues and are correlated with worse prognosis. ACSS2 knockout inhibited macropinocytosis. We identified Zrt- and Irt-like protein 4 (ZIP4) as a downstream target of ACSS2, and knockdown of ZIP4 reversed ACSS2-induced macropinocytosis. ACSS2 upregulated ZIP4 through ETV4-mediated transcriptional activation. ZIP4 induces macropinocytosis through cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element-binding protein-activated syndecan 1 (SDC1) and dynamin 2 (DNM2). Meanwhile, ZIP4 drives muscle wasting and cachexia via glycogen synthase kinase-β (GSK3β)-mediated secretion of tumor necrosis factor superfamily member 10 (TRAIL or TNFSF10). ACSS2 knockout attenuated muscle wasting and extended survival in orthotopic mouse models. CONCLUSIONS ACSS2-mediated metabolic reprogramming activates the ZIP4 pathway, and promotes macropinocytosis via SDC1/DNM2 and drives muscle wasting through the GSK3β/TRAIL axis, which potentially provides additional nutrients for macropinocytosis in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijun Zhou
- Department of Medicine, the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma; Department of Surgery, the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Yu Ren
- Department of Medicine, the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma; Department of Surgery, the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Jingxuan Yang
- Department of Medicine, the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma; Department of Surgery, the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Mingyang Liu
- Department of Medicine, the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma; Department of Surgery, the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Xiuhui Shi
- Department of Medicine, the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma; Department of Surgery, the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Wenyi Luo
- Department of Pathology, the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Kar-Ming Fung
- Department of Pathology, the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Chao Xu
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Hudson College of Public Health, the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Michael S Bronze
- Department of Medicine, the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Yuqing Zhang
- Department of Medicine, the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma; Department of Surgery, the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.
| | - Courtney W Houchen
- Department of Medicine, the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.
| | - Min Li
- Department of Medicine, the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma; Department of Surgery, the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.
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27
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Yu T, Biasini A, Cecchini K, Saflund M, Mou H, Arif A, Eghbali A, de Rooij D, Weng Z, Zamore PD, Ozata DM. A-MYB/TCFL5 regulatory architecture ensures the production of pachytene piRNAs in placental mammals. RNA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 29:rna.079472.122. [PMID: 36241367 PMCID: PMC9808571 DOI: 10.1261/rna.079472.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In male mice, the transcription factor A MYB initiates the transcription of pachytene piRNA genes during meiosis. Here, we report that A MYB activates the transcription factor Tcfl5 produced in pachytene spermatocytes. Subsequently, A MYB and TCFL5 reciprocally reinforce their own transcription to establish a positive feedback circuit that triggers pachytene piRNA production. TCFL5 regulates the expression of genes required for piRNA maturation and promotes transcription of evolutionarily young pachytene piRNA genes, whereas A-MYB activates the transcription of older pachytene piRNA genes. Intriguingly, pachytene piRNAs from TCFL5-dependent young loci initiates the production of piRNAs from A-MYB-dependent older loci ensuring the self-propagation of pachytene piRNAs. A MYB and TCFL5 act via a set of incoherent feedforward loops that drive regulation of gene expression by pachytene piRNAs during spermatogenesis. This regulatory architecture is conserved in rhesus macaque, suggesting that it was present in the last common ancestor of placental mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Amena Arif
- University of Massachusetts Medical School
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28
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Ling R, Chen G, Tang X, Liu N, Zhou Y, Chen D. Acetyl-CoA synthetase 2(ACSS2): a review with a focus on metabolism and tumor development. Discov Oncol 2022; 13:58. [PMID: 35798917 PMCID: PMC9263018 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-022-00521-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Acetyl-CoA synthetase 2 (ACSS2), an important member of the acetyl-CoA synthetase (ACSS) family, can catalyze the conversion of acetate to acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA). Currently, acetyl-CoA is considered an important intermediate metabolite in the metabolism of energy substrates. In addition, nutrients converge through acetyl-CoA into a common metabolic pathway, the tricarboxylic acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation. Not only does ACSS2 play a crucial role in material energy metabolism, it is also involved in the regulation of various acetylation processes, such as regulation of histone and transcription factor acetylation. ACSS2-mediated regulation of acetylation is related to substance metabolism and tumorigenesis. In mammalian cells, ACSS2 utilizes intracellular acetate to synthesize acetyl-CoA, a step in the process of DNA and histone acetylation. In addition, studies in tumors have shown that cancer cells adapt to the growth conditions in the tumor microenvironment (TME) by activating or increasing the expression level of ACSS2 under metabolic stress. Therefore, this review mainly outlines the role of ACSS2 in substance metabolism and tumors and provides insights useful for investigating ACSS2 as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Ling
- Institute of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.
| | - Gong Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xiang Tang
- Institute of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Na Liu
- Institute of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yuepeng Zhou
- Institute of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Deyu Chen
- Institute of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.
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29
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Liu M, Liu N, Wang J, Fu S, Wang X, Chen D. Acetyl-CoA Synthetase 2 as a Therapeutic Target in Tumor Metabolism. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14122896. [PMID: 35740562 PMCID: PMC9221533 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14122896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Acetyl-CoA Synthetase 2 (ACSS2) is highly expressed in a variety of tumors, which is very important for tumor growth, proliferation, invasion, and metastasis in the nutritional stress microenvironment. Studies have proven that ACSS2 inhibitors can be effective in halting cancer growth and can be combined with other antineoplastic drugs to reduce drug resistance. This article mainly reviews the mechanism of ACSS2-promoting tumor growth from many aspects and the prospect of clinical application of targeted inhibitors. Abstract Acetyl-CoA Synthetase 2 (ACSS2) belongs to a member of the acyl-CoA short-chain synthase family, which can convert acetate in the cytoplasm and nucleus into acetyl-CoA. It has been proven that ACSS2 is highly expressed in glioblastoma, breast cancer, liver cancer, prostate cancer, bladder cancer, renal cancer, and other tumors, and is closely related to tumor stage and the overall survival rate of patients. Accumulating studies show that hypoxia and a low serum level induce ACSS2 expression to help tumor cells cope with this nutrient-poor environment. The potential mechanisms are associated with the ability of ACSS2 to promote the synthesis of lipids in the cytoplasm, induce the acetylation of histones in the nucleus, and facilitate the expression of autophagy genes. Novel-specific inhibitors of ACSS2 are developed and confirmed to the effectiveness in pre-clinical tumor models. Targeting ACSS2 may provide novel approaches for tumor treatment. This review summarizes the biological function of ACSS2, its relation to survival and prognosis in different tumors, and how ACSS2 mediates different pathways to promote tumor metastasis, invasion, and drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Xu Wang
- Correspondence: (X.W.); (D.C.)
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30
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Calhoun S, Duan L, Maki CG. Acetyl-CoA synthetases ACSS1 and ACSS2 are 4-hydroxytamoxifen responsive factors that promote survival in tamoxifen treated and estrogen deprived cells. Transl Oncol 2022; 19:101386. [PMID: 35263700 PMCID: PMC8904238 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2022.101386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Calhoun
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Rush University Medical Center, 600 S. Paulina Ave, AcFac Suite 507, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Lei Duan
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Rush University Medical Center, 600 S. Paulina Ave, AcFac Suite 507, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Carl G Maki
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Rush University Medical Center, 600 S. Paulina Ave, AcFac Suite 507, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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31
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Barrero MJ, Cejas P, Long HW, Ramirez de Molina A. Nutritional Epigenetics in Cancer. Adv Nutr 2022; 13:1748-1761. [PMID: 35421212 PMCID: PMC9526851 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmac039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Alterations in the epigenome are well known to affect cancer development and progression. Epigenetics is highly influenced by the environment, including diet, which is a source of metabolic substrates that influence the synthesis of cofactors or substrates for chromatin and RNA modifying enzymes. In addition, plants are a common source of bioactives that can directly modify the activity of these enzymes. Here, we review and discuss the impact of diet on epigenetic mechanisms, including chromatin and RNA regulation, and its potential implications for cancer prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paloma Cejas
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA,Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA,Translational Oncology Laboratory, Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research, Madrid, Spain
| | - Henry W Long
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA,Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
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32
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Chemogenomics identifies acetyl-coenzyme A synthetase as a target for malaria treatment and prevention. Cell Chem Biol 2022; 29:191-201.e8. [PMID: 34348113 PMCID: PMC8878317 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2021.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We identify the Plasmodium falciparum acetyl-coenzyme A synthetase (PfAcAS) as a druggable target, using genetic and chemical validation. In vitro evolution of resistance with two antiplasmodial drug-like compounds (MMV019721 and MMV084978) selects for mutations in PfAcAS. Metabolic profiling of compound-treated parasites reveals changes in acetyl-CoA levels for both compounds. Genome editing confirms that mutations in PfAcAS are sufficient to confer resistance. Knockdown studies demonstrate that PfAcAS is essential for asexual growth, and partial knockdown induces hypersensitivity to both compounds. In vitro biochemical assays using recombinantly expressed PfAcAS validates that MMV019721 and MMV084978 directly inhibit the enzyme by preventing CoA and acetate binding, respectively. Immunolocalization studies reveal that PfAcAS is primarily localized to the nucleus. Functional studies demonstrate inhibition of histone acetylation in compound-treated wild-type, but not in resistant parasites. Our findings identify and validate PfAcAS as an essential, druggable target involved in the epigenetic regulation of gene expression.
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33
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Mendoza M, Egervari G, Sidoli S, Donahue G, Alexander DC, Sen P, Garcia BA, Berger SL. Enzymatic transfer of acetate on histones from lysine reservoir sites to lysine activating sites. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabj5688. [PMID: 35061542 PMCID: PMC8782443 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abj5688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Histone acetylation is governed by nuclear acetyl-CoA pools generated, in part, from local acetate by metabolic enzyme acetyl-CoA synthetase 2 (ACSS2). We hypothesize that during gene activation, a local transfer of intact acetate occurs via sequential action of epigenetic and metabolic enzymes. Using stable isotope labeling, we detect transfer between histone acetylation sites both in vitro using purified mammalian enzymes and in vivo using quiescence exit in Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a change-of-state model. We show that Acs2, the yeast ortholog of ACSS2, is recruited to chromatin during quiescence exit and observe dynamic histone acetylation changes proximal to Acs2 peaks. We find that Acs2 is preferentially associated with the most up-regulated genes, suggesting that acetyl group transfer plays an important role in gene activation. Overall, our data reveal direct transfer of acetate between histone lysine residues to facilitate rapid transcriptional induction, an exchange that may be critical during changes in nutrient availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariel Mendoza
- Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Gabor Egervari
- Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Simone Sidoli
- Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Greg Donahue
- Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Desi C. Alexander
- Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Payel Sen
- Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Benjamin A. Garcia
- Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Shelley L. Berger
- Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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34
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Comparison of 18F-FDG, 18F-Fluoroacetate, and 18F-FEPPA for Imaging Liver Fibrosis in a Bile Duct-Ligated Rat Model. Mol Imaging 2021; 2021:7545284. [PMID: 34934405 PMCID: PMC8654319 DOI: 10.1155/2021/7545284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Developing sensitive diagnostic methods for a longitudinal evaluation of the status of liver fibrosis is a priority. This study is aimed at assessing the significance of longitudinal positron emission tomography (PET) imaging with 18F-labeling tracers for assessing liver fibrosis in a rat model with bile duct ligation (BDL). Twenty-one 6-week-old Sprague-Dawley male rats were used in this study. Longitudinal PET images using [18F]N-2-(2-fluoroethoxy)benzyl)-N-(4-phenoxypyridin-3-yl)acetamide ([18F]FEPPA) (n = 3), [18F]fluoroacetate ([18F]FAc) (n = 3), and 18F-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose ([18F]FDG) (n = 3) were obtained at 0, 1, and 2 weeks after BDL. Biochemical assays, histological assays, immunohistochemical staining assays, and next generation sequencing analyses were also performed at 0 (n = 3), 1 (n = 3), 2 (n = 3), and 3 (n = 3) weeks after BDL, which demonstrated the severe damage in rat livers after BDL. Regarding [18F]FEPPA and [18F]FDG, there was a significantly higher uptake in the liver after BDL (both P < 0.05), which lasted until week 2. However, the uptake of [18F]FAc in the liver was not significantly different before and after BDL (P = 0.28). Collectively, both [18F]FEPPA and [18F]FDG can serve as sensitive probes for detecting the liver fibrosis. However, [18F]FAc is not recommended to diagnose liver fibrosis.
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35
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Ma Y, Nenkov M, Chen Y, Press AT, Kaemmerer E, Gassler N. Fatty acid metabolism and acyl-CoA synthetases in the liver-gut axis. World J Hepatol 2021; 13:1512-1533. [PMID: 34904027 PMCID: PMC8637682 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v13.i11.1512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fatty acids are energy substrates and cell components which participate in regulating signal transduction, transcription factor activity and secretion of bioactive lipid mediators. The acyl-CoA synthetases (ACSs) family containing 26 family members exhibits tissue-specific distribution, distinct fatty acid substrate preferences and diverse biological functions. Increasing evidence indicates that dysregulation of fatty acid metabolism in the liver-gut axis, designated as the bidirectional relationship between the gut, microbiome and liver, is closely associated with a range of human diseases including metabolic disorders, inflammatory disease and carcinoma in the gastrointestinal tract and liver. In this review, we depict the role of ACSs in fatty acid metabolism, possible molecular mechanisms through which they exert functions, and their involvement in hepatocellular and colorectal carcinoma, with particular attention paid to long-chain fatty acids and small-chain fatty acids. Additionally, the liver-gut communication and the liver and gut intersection with the microbiome as well as diseases related to microbiota imbalance in the liver-gut axis are addressed. Moreover, the development of potentially therapeutic small molecules, proteins and compounds targeting ACSs in cancer treatment is summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxia Ma
- Section Pathology, Institute of Forensic Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena 07747, Germany
| | - Miljana Nenkov
- Section Pathology, Institute of Forensic Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena 07747, Germany
| | - Yuan Chen
- Section Pathology, Institute of Forensic Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena 07747, Germany
| | - Adrian T Press
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine and Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena 07747, Germany
| | - Elke Kaemmerer
- Department of Pediatrics, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena 07747, Germany
| | - Nikolaus Gassler
- Section Pathology, Institute of Forensic Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena 07747, Germany.
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36
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Thomas SP, Denu JM. Short-chain fatty acids activate acetyltransferase p300. eLife 2021; 10:72171. [PMID: 34677127 PMCID: PMC8585482 DOI: 10.7554/elife.72171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) acetate, propionate, and butyrate are produced in large quantities by the gut microbiome and contribute to a wide array of physiological processes. While the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown, many effects of SCFAs have been traced to changes in the cell's epigenetic state. Here, we systematically investigate how SCFAs alter the epigenome. Using quantitative proteomics of histone modification states, we identified rapid and sustained increases in histone acetylation after the addition of butyrate or propionate, but not acetate. While decades of prior observations would suggest that hyperacetylation induced by SCFAs are due to inhibition of histone deacetylases (HDACs), we found that propionate and butyrate instead activate the acetyltransferase p300. Propionate and butyrate are rapidly converted to the corresponding acyl-CoAs which are then used by p300 to catalyze auto-acylation of the autoinhibitory loop, activating the enzyme for histone/protein acetylation. This data challenges the long-held belief that SCFAs mainly regulate chromatin by inhibiting HDACs, and instead reveals a previously unknown mechanism of HAT activation that can explain how an influx of low levels of SCFAs alters global chromatin states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sydney P Thomas
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, Madison, United States.,Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, United States
| | - John M Denu
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, Madison, United States.,Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, United States.,Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, United States
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37
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Bian X, Liu R, Meng Y, Xing D, Xu D, Lu Z. Lipid metabolism and cancer. J Exp Med 2021; 218:211616. [PMID: 33601415 PMCID: PMC7754673 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20201606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 362] [Impact Index Per Article: 120.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation in lipid metabolism is among the most prominent metabolic alterations in cancer. Cancer cells harness lipid metabolism to obtain energy, components for biological membranes, and signaling molecules needed for proliferation, survival, invasion, metastasis, and response to the tumor microenvironment impact and cancer therapy. Here, we summarize and discuss current knowledge about the advances made in understanding the regulation of lipid metabolism in cancer cells and introduce different approaches that have been clinically used to disrupt lipid metabolism in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueli Bian
- Cancer Institute of The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University and Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, China
| | - Rui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying Meng
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, and Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dongming Xing
- Cancer Institute of The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University and Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, China.,School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Daqian Xu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, and Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhimin Lu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, and Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Hangzhou, China
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38
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N-acetyltaurine and Acetylcarnitine Production for the Mitochondrial Acetyl-CoA Regulation in Skeletal Muscles during Endurance Exercises. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11080522. [PMID: 34436463 PMCID: PMC8401229 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11080522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
During endurance exercises, a large amount of mitochondrial acetyl-CoA is produced in skeletal muscles from lipids, and the excess acetyl-CoA suppresses the metabolic flux from glycolysis to the TCA cycle. This study evaluated the hypothesis that taurine and carnitine act as a buffer of the acetyl moiety of mitochondrial acetyl-CoA derived from the short- and long-chain fatty acids of skeletal muscles during endurance exercises. In human subjects, the serum concentrations of acetylated forms of taurine (NAT) and carnitine (ACT), which are the metabolites of acetyl-CoA buffering, significantly increased after a full marathon. In the culture medium of primary human skeletal muscle cells, NAT and ACT concentrations significantly increased when they were cultured with taurine and acetate or with carnitine and palmitic acid, respectively. The increase in the mitochondrial acetyl-CoA/free CoA ratio induced by acetate and palmitic acid was suppressed by taurine and carnitine, respectively. Elevations of NAT and ACT in the blood of humans during endurance exercises might serve the buffering of the acetyl-moiety in mitochondria by taurine and carnitine, respectively. The results suggest that blood levels of NAT and ACT indicate energy production status from fatty acids in the skeletal muscles of humans undergoing endurance exercise.
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39
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Nagati JS, Kobeissy PH, Nguyen MQ, Xu M, Garcia T, Comerford SA, Hammer RE, Garcia JA. Mammalian acetate-dependent acetyl CoA synthetase 2 contains multiple protein destabilization and masking elements. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101037. [PMID: 34343565 PMCID: PMC8405932 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Besides contributing to anabolism, cellular metabolites serve as substrates or cofactors for enzymes and may also have signaling functions. Given these roles, multiple control mechanisms likely ensure fidelity of metabolite-generating enzymes. Acetate-dependent acetyl CoA synthetases (ACS) are de novo sources of acetyl CoA, a building block for fatty acids and a substrate for acetyltransferases. Eukaryotic acetate-dependent acetyl CoA synthetase 2 (Acss2) is predominantly cytosolic, but is also found in the nucleus following oxygen or glucose deprivation, or upon acetate exposure. Acss2-generated acetyl CoA is used in acetylation of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 2 (HIF-2), a stress-responsive transcription factor. Mutation of a putative nuclear localization signal in endogenous Acss2 abrogates HIF-2 acetylation and signaling, but surprisingly also results in reduced Acss2 protein levels due to unmasking of two protein destabilization elements (PDE) in the Acss2 hinge region. In the current study, we identify up to four additional PDE in the Acss2 hinge region and determine that a previously identified PDE, the ABC domain, consists of two functional PDE. We show that the ABC domain and other PDE are likely masked by intramolecular interactions with other domains in the Acss2 hinge region. We also characterize mice with a prematurely truncated Acss2 that exposes a putative ABC domain PDE, which exhibits reduced Acss2 protein stability and impaired HIF-2 signaling. Finally, using primary mouse embryonic fibroblasts, we demonstrate that the reduced stability of select Acss2 mutant proteins is due to a shortened half-life, which is a result of enhanced degradation via a nonproteasome, nonautophagy pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason S Nagati
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Philippe H Kobeissy
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Minh Q Nguyen
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Min Xu
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Trent Garcia
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Sarah A Comerford
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Robert E Hammer
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Joseph A Garcia
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA; Department of Research, James J. Peters VA Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.
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40
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Jung SM, Doxsey WG, Le J, Haley JA, Mazuecos L, Luciano AK, Li H, Jang C, Guertin DA. In vivo isotope tracing reveals the versatility of glucose as a brown adipose tissue substrate. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109459. [PMID: 34320357 PMCID: PMC8369932 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Active brown adipose tissue (BAT) consumes copious amounts of glucose, yet how glucose metabolism supports thermogenesis is unclear. By combining transcriptomics, metabolomics, and stable isotope tracing in vivo, we systematically analyze BAT glucose utilization in mice during acute and chronic cold exposure. Metabolite profiling reveals extensive temperature-dependent changes in the BAT metabolome and transcriptome upon cold adaptation, discovering unexpected metabolite markers of thermogenesis, including increased N-acetyl-amino acid production. Time-course stable isotope tracing further reveals rapid incorporation of glucose carbons into glycolysis and TCA cycle, as well as several auxiliary pathways, including NADPH, nucleotide, and phospholipid synthesis pathways. Gene expression differences inconsistently predict glucose fluxes, indicating that posttranscriptional mechanisms also govern glucose utilization. Surprisingly, BAT swiftly generates fatty acids and acyl-carnitines from glucose, suggesting that lipids are rapidly synthesized and immediately oxidized. These data reveal versatility in BAT glucose utilization, highlighting the value of an integrative-omics approach to understanding organ metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Myung Jung
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Will G Doxsey
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Johnny Le
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - John A Haley
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Lorena Mazuecos
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Amelia K Luciano
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Huawei Li
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Cholsoon Jang
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
| | - David A Guertin
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA; Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
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41
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Sonti S, Sharma AL, Tyagi M. HIV-1 persistence in the CNS: Mechanisms of latency, pathogenesis and an update on eradication strategies. Virus Res 2021; 303:198523. [PMID: 34314771 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2021.198523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Despite four decades of research into the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1), a successful strategy to eradicate the virus post-infection is lacking. The major reason for this is the persistence of the virus in certain anatomical reservoirs where it can become latent and remain quiescent for as long as the cellular reservoir is alive. The Central Nervous System (CNS), in particular, is an intriguing anatomical compartment that is tightly regulated by the blood-brain barrier. Targeting the CNS viral reservoir is a major challenge owing to the decreased permeability of drugs into the CNS and the cellular microenvironment that facilitates the compartmentalization and evolution of the virus. Therefore, despite effective antiretroviral (ARV) treatment, virus persists in the CNS, and leads to neurological and neurocognitive deficits. To date, viral eradication strategies fail to eliminate the virus from the CNS. To facilitate the improvement of the existing elimination strategies, as well as the development of potential therapeutic targets, the aim of this review is to provide an in-depth understanding of HIV latency in CNS and the onset of HIV-1 associated neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpa Sonti
- Center for Translational Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, 1020 Locust Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | | | - Mudit Tyagi
- Center for Translational Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, 1020 Locust Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
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42
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Hao F, Tian M, Zhang X, Jin X, Jiang Y, Sun X, Wang Y, Peng P, Liu J, Xia C, Feng Y, Wei M. Butyrate enhances CPT1A activity to promote fatty acid oxidation and iTreg differentiation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2014681118. [PMID: 34035164 PMCID: PMC8179238 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2014681118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inducible regulatory T (iTreg) cells play a crucial role in immune suppression and are important for the maintenance of immune homeostasis. Mounting evidence has demonstrated connections between iTreg differentiation and metabolic reprogramming, especially rewiring in fatty acid oxidation (FAO). Previous work showed that butyrate, a specific type of short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) readily produced from fiber-rich diets through microbial fermentation, was critical for the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis and capable of promoting iTreg generation by up-regulating histone acetylation for gene expression as an HDAC inhibitor. Here, we revealed that butyrate could also accelerate FAO to facilitate iTreg differentiation. Moreover, butyrate was converted, by acyl-CoA synthetase short-chain family member 2 (ACSS2), into butyryl-CoA (BCoA), which up-regulated CPT1A activity through antagonizing the association of malonyl-CoA (MCoA), the best known metabolic intermediate inhibiting CPT1A, to promote FAO and thereby iTreg differentiation. Mutation of CPT1A at Arg243, a reported amino acid required for MCoA association, impaired both MCoA and BCoA binding, indicating that Arg243 is probably the responsible site for MCoA and BCoA association. Furthermore, blocking BCoA formation by ACSS2 inhibitor compromised butyrate-mediated iTreg generation and mitigation of mouse colitis. Together, we unveil a previously unappreciated role for butyrate in iTreg differentiation and illustrate butyrate-BCoA-CPT1A axis for the regulation of immune homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengqi Hao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, People's Republic of China
| | - Miaomiao Tian
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinbo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Jin
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Sun
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, People's Republic of China
| | - Pinghui Peng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaoyi Xia
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunpeng Feng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Wei
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, People's Republic of China
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43
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Sun L, Zhang H, Gao P. Metabolic reprogramming and epigenetic modifications on the path to cancer. Protein Cell 2021; 13:877-919. [PMID: 34050894 PMCID: PMC9243210 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-021-00846-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic rewiring and epigenetic remodeling, which are closely linked and reciprocally regulate each other, are among the well-known cancer hallmarks. Recent evidence suggests that many metabolites serve as substrates or cofactors of chromatin-modifying enzymes as a consequence of the translocation or spatial regionalization of enzymes or metabolites. Various metabolic alterations and epigenetic modifications also reportedly drive immune escape or impede immunosurveillance within certain contexts, playing important roles in tumor progression. In this review, we focus on how metabolic reprogramming of tumor cells and immune cells reshapes epigenetic alterations, in particular the acetylation and methylation of histone proteins and DNA. We also discuss other eminent metabolic modifications such as, succinylation, hydroxybutyrylation, and lactylation, and update the current advances in metabolism- and epigenetic modification-based therapeutic prospects in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linchong Sun
- Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Institutes for Life Sciences, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Huafeng Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China. .,CAS Centre for Excellence in Cell and Molecular Biology, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China.
| | - Ping Gao
- Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Institutes for Life Sciences, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China. .,School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, Guangzhou International Campus, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China. .,Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510005, China.
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44
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Dong Y, Li X, Liu Y, Gao J, Tao J. The molecular targets of taurine confer anti-hyperlipidemic effects. Life Sci 2021; 278:119579. [PMID: 33961852 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hyperlipidemia, an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis, is regarded as a lipid metabolism disorder associated with elevated plasma triglyceride and/or cholesterol. Genetic factors and unhealthy lifestyles, such as excess caloric intake and physical inactivity, can result in hyperlipidemia. Taurine, a sulfur-containing non-essential amino acid, is abundant in marine foods and has been associated with wide-ranging beneficial physiological effects, with special reference to regulating aberrant lipid metabolism. Its anti-hyperlipidemic mechanism is complex, which is related to many enzymes in the process of fat anabolism and catabolism (e.g., HMGCR, CYP7A1, LDLR, FXR, FAS and ACC). Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant molecular targets, lipid autophagy, metabolic reprogramming and gut microbiota will also be reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Dong
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, China; Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, No. 17 LuJiang Road, Hefei 230001, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaoling Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, China; Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, No. 17 LuJiang Road, Hefei 230001, Anhui, China
| | - Yaling Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, China; Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, No. 17 LuJiang Road, Hefei 230001, Anhui, China
| | - Jie Gao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, China; Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, No. 17 LuJiang Road, Hefei 230001, Anhui, China
| | - Jinhui Tao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, China; Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, No. 17 LuJiang Road, Hefei 230001, Anhui, China.
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45
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Weitkunat K, Bishop CA, Wittmüss M, Machate T, Schifelbein T, Schulze MB, Klaus S. Effect of Microbial Status on Hepatic Odd-Chain Fatty Acids Is Diet-Dependent. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13051546. [PMID: 34064336 PMCID: PMC8147859 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Odd-chain fatty acids (OCFA) are inversely associated with type-2-diabetes in epidemiological studies. They are considered as a biomarker for dairy intake because fermentation in ruminants yields high amounts of propionate, which is used as the primer for lipogenesis. Recently, we demonstrated endogenous OCFA synthesis from propionate in humans and mice, but how this is affected by microbial colonization is still unexplored. Here, we investigated the effect of increasing microbiota complexity on hepatic lipid metabolism and OCFA levels in different dietary settings. Germ-free (GF), gnotobiotic (SIH, simplified human microbiota) or conventional (CONV) C3H/HeOuJ-mice were fed a CHOW or high-fat diet with inulin (HFI) to induce microbial fermentation. We found that hepatic lipogenesis was increased with increasing microbiota complexity, independently of diet. In contrast, OCFA formation was affected by diet as well as microbiota. On CHOW, hepatic OCFA and intestinal gluconeogenesis decreased with increasing microbiota complexity (GF > SIH > CONV), while cecal propionate showed a negative correlation with hepatic OCFA. On HFI, OCFA levels were highest in SIH and positively correlated with cecal propionate. The propionate content in the CHOW diet was 10 times higher than that of HFI. We conclude that bacterial propionate production affects hepatic OCFA formation, unless this effect is masked by dietary propionate intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolin Weitkunat
- Department Physiology of Energy Metabolism, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), 14558 Nuthetal, Germany; (C.A.B.); (M.W.); (T.M.); (S.K.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Christopher A. Bishop
- Department Physiology of Energy Metabolism, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), 14558 Nuthetal, Germany; (C.A.B.); (M.W.); (T.M.); (S.K.)
| | - Maria Wittmüss
- Department Physiology of Energy Metabolism, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), 14558 Nuthetal, Germany; (C.A.B.); (M.W.); (T.M.); (S.K.)
| | - Tina Machate
- Department Physiology of Energy Metabolism, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), 14558 Nuthetal, Germany; (C.A.B.); (M.W.); (T.M.); (S.K.)
| | - Tina Schifelbein
- Research Group Intestinal Microbiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), 14558 Nuthetal, Germany;
| | - Matthias B. Schulze
- Department Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), 14558 Nuthetal, Germany;
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, 14469 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Susanne Klaus
- Department Physiology of Energy Metabolism, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), 14558 Nuthetal, Germany; (C.A.B.); (M.W.); (T.M.); (S.K.)
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, 14469 Potsdam, Germany
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46
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Sahuri-Arisoylu M, Mould RR, Shinjyo N, Bligh SWA, Nunn AVW, Guy GW, Thomas EL, Bell JD. Acetate Induces Growth Arrest in Colon Cancer Cells Through Modulation of Mitochondrial Function. Front Nutr 2021; 8:588466. [PMID: 33937302 PMCID: PMC8081909 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.588466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetate is one of the main short chain fatty acids produced in the colon when fermentable carbohydrates are digested. It has been shown to affect normal metabolism, modulating mitochondrial function, and fatty acid oxidation. Currently, there is no clear consensus regarding the effects of acetate on tumorigenesis and cancer metabolism. Here, we investigate the metabolic effects of acetate on colon cancer. HT29 and HCT116 colon cancer cell lines were treated with acetate and its effect on mitochondrial proliferation, reactive oxygen species, density, permeability transition pore, cellular bioenergetics, gene expression of acetyl-CoA synthetase 1 (ACSS1) and 2 (ACSS2), and lipid levels were investigated. Acetate was found to reduce proliferation of both cell lines under normoxia as well as reducing glycolysis; it was also found to increase both oxygen consumption and ROS levels. Cell death observed was independent of ACSS1/2 expression. Under hypoxic conditions, reduced proliferation was maintained in the HT29 cell line but no longer observed in the HCT116 cell line. ACSS2 expression together with cellular lipid levels was increased in both cell lines under hypoxia which may partly protect cells from the anti-proliferative effects of reversed Warburg effect caused by acetate. The findings from this study suggest that effect of acetate on proliferation is a consequence of its impact on mitochondrial metabolism and during normoxia is independent of ACCS1/2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meliz Sahuri-Arisoylu
- Research Centre of Optimal Health, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom.,Health Innovation Ecosystem, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rhys R Mould
- Research Centre of Optimal Health, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom
| | - Noriko Shinjyo
- Research Centre of Optimal Health, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom
| | - S W Annie Bligh
- Research Centre of Optimal Health, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom.,School of Health Sciences, Caritas Institute of Higher Education, Hong Kong, China
| | - Alistair V W Nunn
- Research Centre of Optimal Health, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom
| | - Geoffrey W Guy
- Research Centre of Optimal Health, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth Louise Thomas
- Research Centre of Optimal Health, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jimmy D Bell
- Research Centre of Optimal Health, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom
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47
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Acetyl-CoA Metabolism and Histone Acetylation in the Regulation of Aging and Lifespan. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10040572. [PMID: 33917812 PMCID: PMC8068152 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10040572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetyl-CoA is a metabolite at the crossroads of central metabolism and the substrate of histone acetyltransferases regulating gene expression. In many tissues fasting or lifespan extending calorie restriction (CR) decreases glucose-derived metabolic flux through ATP-citrate lyase (ACLY) to reduce cytoplasmic acetyl-CoA levels to decrease activity of the p300 histone acetyltransferase (HAT) stimulating pro-longevity autophagy. Because of this, compounds that decrease cytoplasmic acetyl-CoA have been described as CR mimetics. But few authors have highlighted the potential longevity promoting roles of nuclear acetyl-CoA. For example, increasing nuclear acetyl-CoA levels increases histone acetylation and administration of class I histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors increases longevity through increased histone acetylation. Therefore, increased nuclear acetyl-CoA likely plays an important role in promoting longevity. Although cytoplasmic acetyl-CoA synthetase 2 (ACSS2) promotes aging by decreasing autophagy in some peripheral tissues, increased glial AMPK activity or neuronal differentiation can stimulate ACSS2 nuclear translocation and chromatin association. ACSS2 nuclear translocation can result in increased activity of CREB binding protein (CBP), p300/CBP-associated factor (PCAF), and other HATs to increase histone acetylation on the promoter of neuroprotective genes including transcription factor EB (TFEB) target genes resulting in increased lysosomal biogenesis and autophagy. Much of what is known regarding acetyl-CoA metabolism and aging has come from pioneering studies with yeast, fruit flies, and nematodes. These studies have identified evolutionary conserved roles for histone acetylation in promoting longevity. Future studies should focus on the role of nuclear acetyl-CoA and histone acetylation in the control of hypothalamic inflammation, an important driver of organismal aging.
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48
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Enhanced lipid metabolism induces the sensitivity of dormant cancer cells to 5-aminolevulinic acid-based photodynamic therapy. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7290. [PMID: 33790399 PMCID: PMC8012701 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86886-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer can develop into a recurrent metastatic disease with latency periods of years to decades. Dormant cancer cells, which represent a major cause of recurrent cancer, are relatively insensitive to most chemotherapeutic drugs and radiation. We previously demonstrated that cancer cells exhibited dormancy in a cell density-dependent manner. Dormant cancer cells exhibited increased porphyrin metabolism and sensitivity to 5-aminolevulinic acid-based photodynamic therapy (ALA-PDT). However, the metabolic changes in dormant cancer cells or the factors that enhance porphyrin metabolism have not been fully clarified. In this study, we revealed that lipid metabolism was increased in dormant cancer cells, leading to ALA-PDT sensitivity. We performed microarray analysis in non-dormant and dormant cancer cells and revealed that lipid metabolism was remarkably enhanced in dormant cancer cells. In addition, triacsin C, a potent inhibitor of acyl-CoA synthetases (ACSs), reduced protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) accumulation and decreased ALA-PDT sensitivity. We demonstrated that lipid metabolism including ACS expression was positively associated with PpIX accumulation. This research suggested that the enhancement of lipid metabolism in cancer cells induces PpIX accumulation and ALA-PDT sensitivity.
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49
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Miller KD, Pniewski K, Perry CE, Papp SB, Shaffer JD, Velasco-Silva JN, Casciano JC, Aramburu TM, Srikanth YVV, Cassel J, Skordalakes E, Kossenkov AV, Salvino JM, Schug ZT. Targeting ACSS2 with a Transition-State Mimetic Inhibits Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Growth. Cancer Res 2021; 81:1252-1264. [PMID: 33414169 PMCID: PMC8026699 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-1847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Acetyl-CoA is a vitally important and versatile metabolite used for many cellular processes including fatty acid synthesis, ATP production, and protein acetylation. Recent studies have shown that cancer cells upregulate acetyl-CoA synthetase 2 (ACSS2), an enzyme that converts acetate to acetyl-CoA, in response to stresses such as low nutrient availability and hypoxia. Stressed cancer cells use ACSS2 as a means to exploit acetate as an alternative nutrient source. Genetic depletion of ACSS2 in tumors inhibits the growth of a wide variety of cancers. However, there are no studies on the use of an ACSS2 inhibitor to block tumor growth. In this study, we synthesized a small-molecule inhibitor that acts as a transition-state mimetic to block ACSS2 activity in vitro and in vivo. Pharmacologic inhibition of ACSS2 as a single agent impaired breast tumor growth. Collectively, our findings suggest that targeting ACSS2 may be an effective therapeutic approach for the treatment of patients with breast cancer. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings suggest that targeting acetate metabolism through ACSS2 inhibitors has the potential to safely and effectively treat a wide range of patients with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katelyn D Miller
- Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Katherine Pniewski
- Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Caroline E Perry
- Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Cell & Molecular Biology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Sara B Papp
- Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Joshua D Shaffer
- Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Cell & Molecular Biology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jesse N Velasco-Silva
- Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Biochemistry Department, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Jessica C Casciano
- Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Tomas M Aramburu
- Gene Expression and Regulation Program, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Joel Cassel
- Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Emmanuel Skordalakes
- Gene Expression and Regulation Program, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Andrew V Kossenkov
- Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Joseph M Salvino
- Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Zachary T Schug
- Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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50
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Dominguez M, Brüne B, Namgaladze D. Exploring the Role of ATP-Citrate Lyase in the Immune System. Front Immunol 2021; 12:632526. [PMID: 33679780 PMCID: PMC7930476 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.632526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies over the past decade have revealed that metabolism profoundly influences immune responses. In particular, metabolism causes epigenetic regulation of gene expression, as a growing number of metabolic intermediates are substrates for histone post-translational modifications altering chromatin structure. One of these substrates is acetyl-coenzyme A (CoA), which donates an acetyl group for histone acetylation. Cytosolic acetyl-CoA is also a critical substrate for de novo synthesis of fatty acids and sterols necessary for rapid cellular growth. One of the main enzymes catalyzing cytosolic acetyl-CoA formation is ATP-citrate lyase (ACLY). In addition to its classical function in the provision of acetyl-CoA for de novo lipogenesis, ACLY contributes to epigenetic regulation through histone acetylation, which is increasingly appreciated. In this review we explore the current knowledge of ACLY and acetyl-CoA in mediating innate and adaptive immune responses. We focus on the role of ACLY in supporting de novo lipogenesis in immune cells as well as on its impact on epigenetic alterations. Moreover, we summarize alternative sources of acetyl-CoA and their contribution to metabolic and epigenetic regulation in cells of the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Dominguez
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry I, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Bernhard Brüne
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry I, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.,Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (ITMP), Frankfurt, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.,Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Dmitry Namgaladze
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry I, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
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