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Yang C, Robledo-Avila FH, Partida-Sanchez S, Montgomery CP. α-Hemolysin-mediated endothelial injury contributes to the development of Staphylococcus aureus-induced dermonecrosis. Infect Immun 2024; 92:e0013324. [PMID: 38953668 PMCID: PMC11320951 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00133-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus α-hemolysin (Hla) is a pore-forming toxin critical for the pathogenesis of skin and soft tissue infections, which causes the pathognomonic lesion of cutaneous necrosis (dermonecrosis) in mouse models. To determine the mechanism by which dermonecrosis develops during S. aureus skin infection, mice were given control serum, Hla-neutralizing antiserum, or an inhibitor of Hla receptor [A-disintegrin and metalloprotease 10 (ADAM10) inhibitor] followed by subcutaneous infection by S. aureus, and the lesions were evaluated using immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. Hla induced apoptosis in the vascular endothelium at 6 hours post-infection (hpi), followed by apoptosis in keratinocytes at 24 hpi. The loss of vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin expression preceded the loss of epithelial-cadherin expression. Hla also induced hypoxia in the keratinocytes at 24 hpi following vascular injury. Treatment with Hla-neutralizing antibody or ADAM10 inhibitor attenuated early cleavage of VE-cadherin, cutaneous hypoxia, and dermonecrosis. These findings suggest that Hla-mediated vascular injury with cutaneous hypoxia underlies the pathogenesis of S. aureus-induced dermonecrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching Yang
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Frank H. Robledo-Avila
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Santiago Partida-Sanchez
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Christopher P. Montgomery
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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Alasmari A. Achillea fragrantissima (Forssk.) Sch.Bip instigates the ROS/FADD/c-PARP expression that triggers apoptosis in breast cancer cell (MCF-7). PLoS One 2024; 19:e0304072. [PMID: 38820323 PMCID: PMC11142488 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0304072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Achillea fragrantissima is a shrub plant that belongs to the Asteraceae family in Arabia and Egypt. It is used as folk medicine and is a good source of phenolic acids, flavonoids, and some active compounds. To investigate the anti-cancer effect of A.fragrantissima on breast cancer MCF-7 cells and find the critical mechanism involved in apoptosis. The toxicity and pharmacokinetic studies of ethanolic extract of A.fragrantissima was examined for anti-breast cancer properties. In turn, cytotoxicity and cell viability were achieved by the MTT method. Furthermore, the trypan blue exclusion and microscopy examination proved the presence of apoptotic cells. Again, fluorescent staining such as AO/EtBr, DCFH-DA, Rho-123, and Hoechst-33342 reveals the cellular cytoplasmic disciplines upon A. fragrantissima effect. Moreover, cellular functioning tests like wound healing, colony formation, and Transwell invasion assay were demonstrated. In addition, the qRT-PCR technique authenticates the A. fragrantissima -induced apoptotic network genes (Caspase-3, Caspase-8, Caspase-9, Cytochrome c, BCL-2, BID, BAX, PARP, PTEN, PI3K, and Akt) expression were evaluated. Mainly, the Immunoblot technique proved the expressed level of apoptotic proteins such as cleaved PARP, CYCS, and FADD. This study confirmed that the A. fragrantissima exerts cytotoxicity at 20 μg/mL for 24 hrs in MCF-7 cells. Also, decreases cellular viability, producing apoptotic cells and damaged cellular surfaces with dead matter. Consequently, it creates ROS species accumulation, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, and fragmentation of DNA in MCF-7 cells. Furthermore, it arrests cell migration, induces colony-forming ability loss, and suppresses cell invasion. In addition, A. fragrantissima significantly upregulates genes such as caspase-3, 9, cytochrome c, BID, BAX, and PTEN while downregulating the Pi3K/ Akt signaling. Nonetheless, A.fragrantissima induced cleaved PARP, CYCS, and FADD proteins in MCF-7 cells to avail apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulrahman Alasmari
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
- Biodiversity Genomics Unit, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
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Hussein HR, Abdulkareem AA, Milward MR, Cooper PR. Ability of gingival crevicular fluid volume, E-cadherin, and total antioxidant capacity levels for predicting outcomes of nonsurgical periodontal therapy for periodontitis patients. J Periodontal Res 2024; 59:289-298. [PMID: 38009442 DOI: 10.1111/jre.13213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the potential of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) volume, E-cadherin and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) levels to predict the outcomes of nonsurgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) for periodontitis patients. BACKGROUND NSPT is the gold-standard treatment for periodontal pockets < 6 mm in depth, however, successful outcomes are not always guaranteed due to several factors. Periodontitis-associated tissue destruction is evidenced by the increased level of soluble E-cadherin and reduced antioxidants in oral fluids which could be used as predictors for success/failure of NSPT. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients with periodontitis (n = 24) were included in this clinical trial and full-mouth periodontal charting was recorded for each patient. GCF samples from periodontal pockets with probing pocket depth (PPD) 4-6 mm from the interproximal surfaces of anterior and premolar teeth were obtained. These sites subsequently received NSPT and were clinically re-evaluated after 1 and 3 months. Levels of GCF E-cadherin and TAC levels were assayed using ELISA. RESULTS All clinical periodontal parameters were significantly improved 3 months after completion of NSPT. These outcomes were associated with a significant decrease in E-cadherin levels and GCF volume, while TAC levels were significantly increased in samples obtained in follow-up appointments. Binary regression model analysis showed that PPD, GCF volume, E-cadherin, and TAC levels could significantly (p < .05) predict the outcomes of NSPT. The cut-off points for PPD, GCF volume, E-cadherin and TAC were 5 mm, 4 × 10-3, 1267.97 pg/mL and 0.09 μmol/g, respectively. CONCLUSION NSPT improved clinical parameters along with increased antioxidants capacity and epithelial pocket lining integrity. Discrimination of favorable/unfavorable responsiveness of periodontally diseased sites to NSPT could be possible by using GCF volume, PPD, E-cadherin and TAC level assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hind R Hussein
- Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
- Al-Noor Dental Center, Ministry of Health, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Ali A Abdulkareem
- Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Mike R Milward
- School of Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Paul R Cooper
- Faculty of Dentistry, Sir John Walsh Research Institute, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Hussein HR, Abdulkareem AA, Milward MR, Cooper PR. E-cadherin and TAC in GCF accurately discriminate periodontal health and disease. Oral Dis 2024. [PMID: 38181188 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the accuracy of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) E-cadherin and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) to discriminate periodontal health from disease. SUBJECTS AND METHODS GCF samples were collected from participants with periodontal health (control), gingivitis, and periodontitis (n = 25 each group). The latter group was further subdivided according to stage (S) and grade. Periodontal parameters were recorded then levels of biomarkers were assayed using ELISA and antioxidant status by use of the Total Antioxidant Capacity Assay for E-cadherin and TAC, respectively. RESULTS All periodontal parameters were significantly higher in periodontally diseased groups than controls. The GCF E-cadherin significantly increased in gingivitis and periodontitis (S2 to S4) cases as compared to controls. Level of this protein in GCF samples from periodontitis S3 was significantly higher than in gingivitis and S2 groups. The GCF-TAC level was significantly higher in controls than in periodontally diseased groups. No significant differences were observed in the levels of these proteins between grade B and C periodontitis. Both molecules could discriminate periodontal health from gingivitis and periodontitis stages and differentiating periodontitis S3 from gingivitis and other periodontitis stages. CONCLUSIONS Levels of TAC and unbounded E-cadherin in GCF samples exhibited promising diagnostic abilities to differentiate periodontal health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hind R Hussein
- Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
- Al-Noor Dental Center, Ministry of Health, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Ali A Abdulkareem
- Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Mike R Milward
- School of Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Paul R Cooper
- Faculty of Dentistry, Sir John Walsh Research Institute, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Seo H, Bazer FW, Johnson GA. Early Syncytialization of the Ovine Placenta Revisited. Results Probl Cell Differ 2024; 71:127-142. [PMID: 37996676 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-37936-9_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Placentation is the development of a temporary arrangement between the maternal uterus and blastocyst-derived placental tissues designed to transport nutrients, gases, and other products from the mother to the embryo and fetus. Placentation differs histologically among species, but all types of placentation share the common trait of utilizing highly complex cell-to-cell and tissue-to-tissue morphological and biochemical interactions to remodel the uterine-placental interface. An elegant series of electron microscopy (EM) images supports the classification of ovine placentation as synepitheliochorial, because uterine luminal epithelial (LE) cells are maintained at the uterine-placental interface through incorporation into trophoblast syncytial plaques. In this review, we utilize immunofluorescence microscopy to provide further insights into early syncytialization of the ovine placenta. These observations, based on results using immunofluorescence microscopy, complement and expand, not replace, our understanding of syncytialization in sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heewon Seo
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
| | - Fuller W Bazer
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Gregory A Johnson
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
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Won HJ, Won HS, Shin JO. Increased miR-200c levels disrupt palatal fusion by affecting apoptosis, cell proliferation, and cell migration. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 664:43-49. [PMID: 37137222 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.04.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The mammalian palate separates the oral and nasal cavities, facilitating proper feeding, respiration, and speech. Palatal shelves, composed of neural crest-derived mesenchyme and surrounding epithelium, are a pair of maxillary prominences contributing to this structure. Palatogenesis reaches completion upon the fusion of the midline epithelial seam (MES) following contact between medial edge epithelium (MEE) cells in the palatal shelves. This process entails numerous cellular and molecular occurrences, including apoptosis, cell proliferation, cell migration, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). MicroRNAs (miRs) are small, endogenous, non-coding RNAs derived from double-stranded hairpin precursors that regulate gene expression by binding to target mRNA sequences. Although miR-200c is a positive regulator of E-cadherin, its role in palatogenesis remains unclear. This study aims to explore the role of miR-200c in palate development. Before contact with palatal shelves, mir-200c was expressed in the MEE along with E-cadherin. After palatal shelf contact, miR-200c was present in the palatal epithelial lining and epithelial islands surrounding the fusion region but absent in the mesenchyme. The function of miR-200c was investigated by utilizing a lentiviral vector to facilitate overexpression. Ectopic expression of miR-200c resulted in E-cadherin upregulation, impaired dissolution of the MES, and reduced cell migration for palatal fusion. The findings imply that miR-200c is essential in palatal fusion as it governs E-cadherin expression, cell death, and cell migration, acting as a non-coding RNA. This study may contribute to clarifying the underlying molecular mechanisms in palate formation and provides insights into potential gene therapies for cleft palate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung-Jin Won
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea; BIT Medical Convergence Graduate Program and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Sun Won
- Department of Anatomy and Jesaeng-Euise Clinical Anatomy Center, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Oh Shin
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, 33151, Republic of Korea; BK21 FOUR Project, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea.
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Langer C, Köll-Weber M, Holzer M, Hantel C, Süss R. Mitotane Nanocarriers for the Treatment of Adrenocortical Carcinoma: Evaluation of Albumin-Stabilized Nanoparticles and Liposomes in a Preclinical In Vitro Study with 3D Spheroids. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14091891. [PMID: 36145639 PMCID: PMC9501383 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14091891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a heterogeneous malignancy related to poor prognosis and limited treatment options. The orphan drug mitotane (MT) is still a cornerstone in ACC therapy, however, its application is characterized by low aqueous solubility, poor bioavailability, and unfavorable pharmacokinetics, often resulting in below-target plasma concentrations or toxic side effects. Throughout the last decades, nanoparticulate formulations have become attractive carriers to improve anticancer therapy. In this study, injectable MT liposomes (DOPC-MT) and albumin-stabilized MT nanoparticles (BSA-MT) were investigated in depth with respect to their physicochemical properties, and their colloidal and therapeutical stability upon storage. Furthermore, in vitro cytotoxicity was evaluated using the ACC model cell line NCI-H295R for preparing multicellular tumor spheroids, and was compared to non-malignant human dermal fibroblasts. Our results clearly demonstrate that BSA-MT, unlike DOPC-MT, represents a stable and storable MT formulation with a high drug concentration in an aqueous medium. Dual centrifugation was established as a reproducible method for nanoparticle preparation. Although an efficient cytotoxic effect on ACC tumor spheroids was demonstrated, concomitant low toxicity to fibroblasts suggests that higher drug concentrations may be tolerated in vivo. Consequently, BSA-MT is a novel and promising therapeutical approach to address key challenges in MT treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Langer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Freiburg, Sonnenstraße 5, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-761-2034899
| | - Monika Köll-Weber
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Freiburg, Sonnenstraße 5, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Martin Holzer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Freiburg, Sonnenstraße 5, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Constanze Hantel
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital Zurich, Wagistrasse 21, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Regine Süss
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Freiburg, Sonnenstraße 5, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
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Sabatini ME, Compagnoni M, Maffini F, Miccolo C, Pagni F, Lombardi M, Brambilla V, Lepanto D, Tagliabue M, Ansarin M, Citro S, Chiocca S. The UBC9/SUMO pathway affects E-cadherin cleavage in HPV-positive head and neck cancer. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:940449. [PMID: 36032664 PMCID: PMC9411811 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.940449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional loss of E-cadherin is frequent during tumor progression and occurs through a variety of mechanisms, including proteolytic cleavage. E-cadherin downregulation leads to the conversion of a more malignant phenotype promoting Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition (EMT). The UBC9/SUMO pathway has been also shown to be involved in the regulation of EMT in different cancers. Here we found an increased expression of UBC9 in the progression of Head and Neck Cancer (HNC) and uncovered a role for UBC9/SUMO in hampering the HPV-mediated E-cadherin cleavage in HNC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Elisa Sabatini
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, IEO Campus, Milan, Italy
| | - Micaela Compagnoni
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, IEO Campus, Milan, Italy
| | - Fausto Maffini
- Division of Pathology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Miccolo
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, IEO Campus, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Pagni
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Pathology, San Gerardo Hospital, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Mariano Lombardi
- Division of Pathology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Virginia Brambilla
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Pathology, San Gerardo Hospital, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Daniela Lepanto
- Division of Pathology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Marta Tagliabue
- Division of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Mohssen Ansarin
- Division of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Simona Citro
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, IEO Campus, Milan, Italy
- *Correspondence: Simona Citro, ; Susanna Chiocca,
| | - Susanna Chiocca
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, IEO Campus, Milan, Italy
- *Correspondence: Simona Citro, ; Susanna Chiocca,
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Spano D, Colanzi A. Golgi Complex: A Signaling Hub in Cancer. Cells 2022; 11:1990. [PMID: 35805075 PMCID: PMC9265605 DOI: 10.3390/cells11131990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The Golgi Complex is the central hub in the endomembrane system and serves not only as a biosynthetic and processing center but also as a trafficking and sorting station for glycoproteins and lipids. In addition, it is an active signaling hub involved in the regulation of multiple cellular processes, including cell polarity, motility, growth, autophagy, apoptosis, inflammation, DNA repair and stress responses. As such, the dysregulation of the Golgi Complex-centered signaling cascades contributes to the onset of several pathological conditions, including cancer. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the signaling pathways regulated by the Golgi Complex and implicated in promoting cancer hallmarks and tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Spano
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Antonino Colanzi
- Institute for Endocrinology and Experimental Oncology “G. Salvatore”, National Research Council, 80131 Naples, Italy;
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10
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Tune BXJ, Sim MS, Poh CL, Guad RM, Woon CK, Hazarika I, Das A, Gopinath SCB, Rajan M, Sekar M, Subramaniyan V, Fuloria NK, Fuloria S, Batumalaie K, Wu YS. Matrix Metalloproteinases in Chemoresistance: Regulatory Roles, Molecular Interactions, and Potential Inhibitors. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:3249766. [PMID: 35586209 PMCID: PMC9110224 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3249766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the major causes of death worldwide. Its treatments usually fail when the tumor has become malignant and metastasized. Metastasis is a key source of cancer recurrence, which often leads to resistance towards chemotherapeutic agents. Hence, most cancer-related deaths are linked to the occurrence of chemoresistance. Although chemoresistance can emerge through a multitude of mechanisms, chemoresistance and metastasis share a similar pathway, which is an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), a class of zinc and calcium-chelated enzymes, are found to be key players in driving cancer migration and metastasis through EMT induction. The aim of this review is to discuss the regulatory roles and associated molecular mechanisms of specific MMPs in regulating chemoresistance, particularly EMT initiation and resistance to apoptosis. A brief presentation on their potential diagnostic and prognostic values was also deciphered. It also aimed to describe existing MMP inhibitors and the potential of utilizing other strategies to inhibit MMPs to reduce chemoresistance, such as upstream inhibition of MMP expressions and MMP-responsive nanomaterials to deliver drugs as well as epigenetic regulations. Hence, manipulation of MMP expression can be a powerful tool to aid in treating patients with chemo-resistant cancers. However, much still needs to be done to bring the solution from bench to bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernadette Xin Jie Tune
- Department of Pharmaceutical Life Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Maw Shin Sim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Life Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Chit Laa Poh
- Centre for Virus and Vaccine Research, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Selangor 47500, Malaysia
| | - Rhanye Mac Guad
- Department of Biomedical Science and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, 88400 Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Choy Ker Woon
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh, 47000 Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Iswar Hazarika
- Department of Pharmacology, Girijananda Chowdhury Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Guwahati 781017, India
| | - Anju Das
- Department of Pharmacology, Royal School of Pharmacy, Royal Global University, Guwahati 781035, India
| | - Subash C. B. Gopinath
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Arau, 02600 Perlis, Malaysia
- Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Kangar, 01000 Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Mariappan Rajan
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai 625021, India
| | - Mahendran Sekar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Royal College of Medicine Perak, Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Ipoh 30450, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Vetriselvan Subramaniyan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Bioscience and Nursing, MAHSA University, Selangor 42610, Malaysia
| | | | - Shivkanya Fuloria
- Faculty of Pharmacy, AIMST University, Semeling, Bedong, Kedah 08100, Malaysia
| | - Kalaivani Batumalaie
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Asia Metropolitan University, 81750 Johor Bahru, Malaysia
| | - Yuan Seng Wu
- Centre for Virus and Vaccine Research, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Selangor 47500, Malaysia
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Selangor 47500, Malaysia
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11
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Proteolytic Landscapes in Gastric Pathology and Cancerogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052419. [PMID: 35269560 PMCID: PMC8910283 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related death, and a large proportion of cases are inseparably linked to infections with the bacterial pathogen and type I carcinogen Helicobacter pylori. The development of gastric cancer follows a cascade of transformative tissue events in an inflammatory environment. Proteases of host origin as well as H. pylori-derived proteases contribute to disease progression at every stage, from chronic gastritis to gastric cancer. In the present article, we discuss the importance of (metallo-)proteases in colonization, epithelial inflammation, and barrier disruption in tissue transformation, deregulation of cell proliferation and cell death, as well as tumor metastasis and neoangiogenesis. Proteases of the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) and a disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein (ADAM) families, caspases, calpain, and the H. pylori proteases HtrA, Hp1012, and Hp0169 cleave substrates including extracellular matrix molecules, chemokines, and cytokines, as well as their cognate receptors, and thus shape the pathogenic microenvironment. This review aims to summarize the current understanding of how proteases contribute to disease progression in the gastric compartment.
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Matrix Metalloproteinases Shape the Tumor Microenvironment in Cancer Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010146. [PMID: 35008569 PMCID: PMC8745566 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer progression with uncontrolled tumor growth, local invasion, and metastasis depends largely on the proteolytic activity of numerous matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), which affect tissue integrity, immune cell recruitment, and tissue turnover by degrading extracellular matrix (ECM) components and by releasing matrikines, cell surface-bound cytokines, growth factors, or their receptors. Among the MMPs, MMP-14 is the driving force behind extracellular matrix and tissue destruction during cancer invasion and metastasis. MMP-14 also influences both intercellular as well as cell-matrix communication by regulating the activity of many plasma membrane-anchored and extracellular proteins. Cancer cells and other cells of the tumor stroma, embedded in a common extracellular matrix, interact with their matrix by means of various adhesive structures, of which particularly invadopodia are capable to remodel the matrix through spatially and temporally finely tuned proteolysis. As a deeper understanding of the underlying functional mechanisms is beneficial for the development of new prognostic and predictive markers and for targeted therapies, this review examined the current knowledge of the interplay of the various MMPs in the cancer context on the protein, subcellular, and cellular level with a focus on MMP14.
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13
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Rodríguez I, Saavedra E, del Rosario H, Perdomo J, Quintana J, Prencipe F, Oliva P, Romagnoli R, Estévez F. Apoptosis Pathways Triggered by a Potent Antiproliferative Hybrid Chalcone on Human Melanoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413462. [PMID: 34948260 PMCID: PMC8706831 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The World Health Organization reported that approximately 324,000 new cases of melanoma skin cancer were diagnosed worldwide in 2020. The incidence of melanoma has been increasing over the past decades. Targeting apoptotic pathways is a potential therapeutic strategy in the transition to preclinical models and clinical trials. Some naturally occurring products and synthetic derivatives are apoptosis inducers and may represent a realistic option in the fight against the disease. Thus, chalcones have received considerable attention due to their potential cytotoxicity against cancer cells. We have previously reported a chalcone containing an indole and a pyridine heterocyclic rings and an α-bromoacryloylamido radical which displays potent antiproliferative activity against several tumor cell lines. In this study, we report that this chalcone is a potent apoptotic inducer for human melanoma cell lines SK-MEL-1 and MEL-HO. Cell death was associated with mitochondrial cytochrome c release and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage and was prevented by a non-specific caspase inhibitor. Using SK-MEL-1 as a model, we found that the mechanism of cell death involves (i) the generation of reactive oxygen species, (ii) activation of the extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways, (iii) upregulation of TRAIL, DR4 and DR5, (iv) downregulation of p21Cip1/WAF1 and, inhibition of the NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Rodríguez
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Sanitarias, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; (I.R.); (E.S.); (H.d.R.); (J.P.); (J.Q.)
| | - Ester Saavedra
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Sanitarias, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; (I.R.); (E.S.); (H.d.R.); (J.P.); (J.Q.)
- Instituto Canario de Investigación del Cáncer (ICIC), 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Henoc del Rosario
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Sanitarias, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; (I.R.); (E.S.); (H.d.R.); (J.P.); (J.Q.)
| | - Juan Perdomo
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Sanitarias, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; (I.R.); (E.S.); (H.d.R.); (J.P.); (J.Q.)
| | - José Quintana
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Sanitarias, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; (I.R.); (E.S.); (H.d.R.); (J.P.); (J.Q.)
| | - Filippo Prencipe
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Farmaceutiche ed Agrarie, Via L. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (F.P.); (P.O.); (R.R.)
| | - Paola Oliva
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Farmaceutiche ed Agrarie, Via L. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (F.P.); (P.O.); (R.R.)
| | - Romeo Romagnoli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Farmaceutiche ed Agrarie, Via L. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (F.P.); (P.O.); (R.R.)
| | - Francisco Estévez
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Sanitarias, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; (I.R.); (E.S.); (H.d.R.); (J.P.); (J.Q.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-928-451-443; Fax: +34-928-451-441
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14
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Hartwig F, Köll-Weber M, Süss R. Preclinical In Vitro Studies with 3D Spheroids to Evaluate Cu(DDC) 2 Containing Liposomes for the Treatment of Neuroblastoma. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:894. [PMID: 34204205 PMCID: PMC8234124 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13060894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Preclinical in vitro studies of drug candidates for anticancer therapy are generally conducted on well-established 2D cell models. Unfortunately, these models are unable to mimic the properties of in vivo tumors. However, in vitro 3D models (spheroids) have been proven to be superior in reflecting the tumor microenvironment. Diethyldithiocarbamate (DDC-) is the active metabolite of Disulfiram, an approved drug for alcoholism and repurposed for cancer treatment. DDC- binds copper in a molar ratio of 2:1 resulting in a water-insoluble Cu(DDC)2 complex exhibiting anticancer activities. Delivery of the Cu(DDC)2 complex using nanoparticulate carriers provides decisive advantages for a parental application. In this study, an injectable liposomal Cu(DDC)2 formulation was developed and the toxicity was compared with a 2D neuroblastoma and a 3D neuroblastoma cell model. Our results indicate that Cu(DDC)2 liposomes complied with the size requirements of nanoparticles for intravenous injection and demonstrated high drug to lipid ratios as well as colloidal stability upon storage. Furthermore, an efficient cytotoxic effect on neuroblastoma 2D cell cultures and a very promising and even more pronounced effect on 3D cell cultures in terms of neuroblastoma monoculture and neuroblastoma co-culture with primary cell lines was proven, highly encouraging the use of Cu(DDC)2 liposomes for anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friederike Hartwig
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Freiburg, Sonnenstr. 5, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; (M.K.-W.); (R.S.)
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15
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Timofeeva AV, Fedorov IS, Pirogova MM, Vasilchenko ON, Chagovets VV, Ezhova LS, Zabelina TM, Shmakov RG, Sukhikh GT. Clusterin and Its Potential Regulatory microRNAs as a Part of Secretome for the Diagnosis of Abnormally Invasive Placenta: Accreta, Increta, and Percreta Cases. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11040270. [PMID: 33805203 PMCID: PMC8064394 DOI: 10.3390/life11040270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ultrasound methods used for the diagnosis of an abnormally invasive placenta (AIP) have a wide range of sensitivity (Se, 33–93%) and specificity (Sp, 71–100%) levels, which results in a high risk of unfavorable maternal and perinatal outcomes. The relevance of optimizing the diagnosis of AIP is beyond doubt. Given the epigenetic nature of trophoblast invasion, we aimed to quantitate microRNAs and proteins of their target genes that are potentially associated with AIP in blood plasma samples from 64 pregnant women at gestation weeks 30–34 by reverse transcription coupled with polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blotting, respectively. Statistically significant increases in the expression levels of hsa-miR-17-5p, hsa-miR-21-5p, hsa-miR-25-3p, hsa-miR-92a-3p, and hsa-miR-320a-3p were revealed in the groups of women with AIP (accreta, increta, percreta) relative to the group of women with scars on the uterus or to the group with placenta previa. Opposite changes in the expression level of “gene–target protein/miRNA” pairs were found for the α-subunit of the clusterin secretory form and any of the hsa-miR-21-5p, hsa-miR-25-3p, hsa-miR-92a-3p, hsa-miR-320a-3p, and hsa-miR-17-5p in all cases of AIP. The developed logistic regression models to diagnose AIP cases of various severity gave Se values of 88.8–100% and Sp values of 91.6–100% using a combination of hsa-miR-21-5p, hsa-miR-92a-3p, hsa-miR-320a-3p, or clusterin levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelika V. Timofeeva
- Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Perinatology, Ministry of Health of Russia, Ac. Oparina 4, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (I.S.F.); (M.M.P.); (O.N.V.); (V.V.C.); (L.S.E.); (T.M.Z.); (R.G.S.); (G.T.S.)
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +7-4955314444
| | - Ivan S. Fedorov
- Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Perinatology, Ministry of Health of Russia, Ac. Oparina 4, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (I.S.F.); (M.M.P.); (O.N.V.); (V.V.C.); (L.S.E.); (T.M.Z.); (R.G.S.); (G.T.S.)
| | - Mariya M. Pirogova
- Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Perinatology, Ministry of Health of Russia, Ac. Oparina 4, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (I.S.F.); (M.M.P.); (O.N.V.); (V.V.C.); (L.S.E.); (T.M.Z.); (R.G.S.); (G.T.S.)
| | - Oksana N. Vasilchenko
- Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Perinatology, Ministry of Health of Russia, Ac. Oparina 4, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (I.S.F.); (M.M.P.); (O.N.V.); (V.V.C.); (L.S.E.); (T.M.Z.); (R.G.S.); (G.T.S.)
| | - Vitaliy V. Chagovets
- Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Perinatology, Ministry of Health of Russia, Ac. Oparina 4, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (I.S.F.); (M.M.P.); (O.N.V.); (V.V.C.); (L.S.E.); (T.M.Z.); (R.G.S.); (G.T.S.)
| | - Larisa S. Ezhova
- Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Perinatology, Ministry of Health of Russia, Ac. Oparina 4, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (I.S.F.); (M.M.P.); (O.N.V.); (V.V.C.); (L.S.E.); (T.M.Z.); (R.G.S.); (G.T.S.)
| | - Tatiana M. Zabelina
- Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Perinatology, Ministry of Health of Russia, Ac. Oparina 4, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (I.S.F.); (M.M.P.); (O.N.V.); (V.V.C.); (L.S.E.); (T.M.Z.); (R.G.S.); (G.T.S.)
| | - Roman G. Shmakov
- Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Perinatology, Ministry of Health of Russia, Ac. Oparina 4, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (I.S.F.); (M.M.P.); (O.N.V.); (V.V.C.); (L.S.E.); (T.M.Z.); (R.G.S.); (G.T.S.)
| | - Gennadiy T. Sukhikh
- Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Perinatology, Ministry of Health of Russia, Ac. Oparina 4, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (I.S.F.); (M.M.P.); (O.N.V.); (V.V.C.); (L.S.E.); (T.M.Z.); (R.G.S.); (G.T.S.)
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, Perinatology and Reproductology, First Moscow State Medical University Named after I.M. Sechenov, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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16
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Pannen H, Rapp T, Klein T. The ESCRT machinery regulates retromer-dependent transcytosis of septate junction components in Drosophila. eLife 2020; 9:61866. [PMID: 33377869 PMCID: PMC7848756 DOI: 10.7554/elife.61866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss of ESCRT function in Drosophila imaginal discs is known to cause neoplastic overgrowth fueled by mis-regulation of signaling pathways. Its impact on junctional integrity, however, remains obscure. To dissect the events leading to neoplasia, we used transmission electron microscopy (TEM) on wing imaginal discs temporally depleted of the ESCRT-III core component Shrub. We find a specific requirement for Shrub in maintaining septate junction (SJ) integrity by transporting the claudin Megatrachea (Mega) to the SJ. In absence of Shrub function, Mega is lost from the SJ and becomes trapped on endosomes coated with the endosomal retrieval machinery retromer. We show that ESCRT function is required for apical localization and mobility of retromer positive carrier vesicles, which mediate the biosynthetic delivery of Mega to the SJ. Accordingly, loss of retromer function impairs the anterograde transport of several SJ core components, revealing a novel physiological role for this ancient endosomal agent. Proteins are large molecules responsible for a variety of activities that cells needs to perform to survive; from respiration to copying DNA before cells divide. To perform these roles proteins need to be transported to the correct cell compartment, or to the cell membrane. This protein trafficking depends on the endosomal system, a set of membrane compartments that can travel within the cell and act as a protein sorting hub. This system needs its own proteins to work properly. In particular, there are two sets of proteins that are crucial for the endosomal systems activity: a group of proteins known as the ESCRT (endosomal sorting complex required for transport) machinery and a complex called retromer. The retromer complex regulates recycling of receptor proteins so they can be reused, while the ESCRT machinery mediates degradation of proteins that the cell does not require anymore. In the epithelia of fruit fly larvae – the tissues that form layers of cells, usually covering an organ but also making structures like wings – defects in ESCRT activity lead to a loss of tissue integrity. This loss of tissue integrity suggests that the endosomal system might be involved in transporting proteins that form cellular junctions, the multiprotein complexes that establish contacts between cells or between a cell and the extracellular space. In arthropods such as the fruit fly, the adherens junction and the septate junction are two types of cellular junctions important for the integrity of epithelia integrity. Adherens junctions allow cells to adhere to each other, while septate junctions stop nutrient molecules, ions and water from leaking into the tissue. The role of the endosomal system in trafficking the proteins that form septate junctions remains a mystery. To better understand the role of the endosomal system in regulating cell junctions and tissue integrity, Pannen et al. blocked the activity of either the ESCRT or retromer in wing imaginal discs – the future wings – of fruit fly larvae. Pannen et al. then analyzed the effects of these endosomal defects on cellular junctions using an imaging technique called transmission electron microscopy. The results showed that both ESCRT and retromer activities are necessary for the correct delivery of septate junction components to the cell membrane. However, neither retromer nor ESCRT were required for the delivery of adherens junction proteins. These findings shed light on how retromer and the ESCRT machinery are involved in the epithelial tissue integrity of fruit fly larvae through their effects on cell junctions. Humans have their own versions of the ESCRT, retromer, and cell junction proteins, all of which are very similar to their fly counterparts. Since defects in the human versions of these proteins have been associated with a variety of diseases, from infections to cancer, these results may have implications for research into treating those diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik Pannen
- Institute of Genetics, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Tim Rapp
- Institute of Genetics, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Thomas Klein
- Institute of Genetics, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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17
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Abbott JM, Zhou Q, Esquer H, Pike L, Broneske TP, Rinaldetti S, Abraham AD, Ramirez DA, Lunghofer PJ, Pitts TM, Regan DP, Tan AC, Gustafson DL, Messersmith WA, LaBarbera DV. First-in-Class Inhibitors of Oncogenic CHD1L with Preclinical Activity against Colorectal Cancer. Mol Cancer Ther 2020; 19:1598-1612. [PMID: 32499299 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-20-0106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Since the discovery of CHD1L in 2008, it has emerged as an oncogene implicated in the pathology and poor prognosis of a variety of cancers, including gastrointestinal cancers. However, a mechanistic understanding of CHD1L as a driver of colorectal cancer has been limited. Until now, there have been no reported inhibitors of CHD1L, also limiting its development as a molecular target. We sought to characterize the clinicopathologic link between CHD1L and colorectal cancer, determine the mechanism(s) by which CHD1L drives malignant colorectal cancer, and discover the first inhibitors with potential for novel treatments for colorectal cancer. The clinicopathologic characteristics associated with CHD1L expression were evaluated using microarray data from 585 patients with colorectal cancer. Further analysis of microarray data indicated that CHD1L may function through the Wnt/TCF pathway. Thus, we conducted knockdown and overexpression studies with CHD1L to determine its role in Wnt/TCF-driven epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). We performed high-throughput screening (HTS) to identify the first CHD1L inhibitors. The mechanism of action, antitumor efficacy, and drug-like properties of lead CHD1L inhibitors were determined using biochemical assays, cell models, tumor organoids, patient-derived tumor organoids, and in vivo pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Lead CHD1L inhibitors display potent in vitro antitumor activity by reversing TCF-driven EMT. The best lead CHD1L inhibitor possesses drug-like properties in pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic mouse models. This work validates CHD1L as a druggable target and establishes a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua M Abbott
- The Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Qiong Zhou
- The Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Hector Esquer
- The Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Laura Pike
- The Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Travis P Broneske
- The Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Sébastien Rinaldetti
- The Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Adedoyin D Abraham
- The Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Dominique A Ramirez
- Flint Animal Cancer Center and Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Paul J Lunghofer
- Flint Animal Cancer Center and Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Todd M Pitts
- The School of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, The University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.,The University of Colorado Cancer Center, The University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Daniel P Regan
- Flint Animal Cancer Center and Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Aik Choon Tan
- The School of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, The University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.,The University of Colorado Cancer Center, The University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Daniel L Gustafson
- Flint Animal Cancer Center and Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado.,The University of Colorado Cancer Center, The University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Wells A Messersmith
- The School of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, The University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.,The University of Colorado Cancer Center, The University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Daniel V LaBarbera
- The Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado. .,The University of Colorado Cancer Center, The University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
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18
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Sommariva M, Gagliano N. E-Cadherin in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: A Multifaceted Actor during EMT. Cells 2020; 9:E1040. [PMID: 32331358 PMCID: PMC7226001 DOI: 10.3390/cells9041040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a step-wise process observed in normal and tumor cells leading to a switch from epithelial to mesenchymal phenotype. In tumors, EMT provides cancer cells with a metastatic phenotype characterized by E-cadherin down-regulation, cytoskeleton reorganization, motile and invasive potential. E-cadherin down-regulation is known as a key event during EMT. However, E-cadherin expression can be influenced by the different experimental settings and environmental stimuli so that the paradigm of EMT based on the loss of E-cadherin determining tumor cell behavior and fate often becomes an open question. In this review, we aimed at focusing on some critical points in order to improve the knowledge of the dynamic role of epithelial cells plasticity in EMT and, specifically, address the role of E-cadherin as a marker for the EMT axis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicoletta Gagliano
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy;
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19
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Hoshika S, Sun X, Kuranaga E, Umetsu D. Reduction of endocytic activity accelerates cell elimination during tissue remodeling of the Drosophila epidermal epithelium. Development 2020; 147:dev.179648. [PMID: 32156754 DOI: 10.1242/dev.179648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial tissues undergo cell turnover both during development and for homeostatic maintenance. Cells that are no longer needed are quickly removed without compromising the barrier function of the tissue. During metamorphosis, insects undergo developmentally programmed tissue remodeling. However, the mechanisms that regulate this rapid tissue remodeling are not precisely understood. Here, we show that the temporal dynamics of endocytosis modulate physiological cell properties to prime larval epidermal cells for cell elimination. Endocytic activity gradually reduces as tissue remodeling progresses. This reduced endocytic activity accelerates cell elimination through the regulation of Myosin II subcellular reorganization, junctional E-cadherin levels, and caspase activation. Whereas the increased Myosin II dynamics accelerates cell elimination, E-cadherin plays a protective role against cell elimination. Reduced E-cadherin is involved in the amplification of caspase activation by forming a positive-feedback loop with caspase. These findings reveal the role of endocytosis in preventing cell elimination and in the cell-property switching initiated by the temporal dynamics of endocytic activity to achieve rapid cell elimination during tissue remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichiro Hoshika
- Laboratory for Histogenetic Dynamics, Department of Ecological Developmental Adaptability Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Xiaofei Sun
- Laboratory for Histogenetic Dynamics, Department of Ecological Developmental Adaptability Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Erina Kuranaga
- Laboratory for Histogenetic Dynamics, Department of Ecological Developmental Adaptability Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Daiki Umetsu
- Laboratory for Histogenetic Dynamics, Department of Ecological Developmental Adaptability Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
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20
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Choi PW, So WW, Yang J, Liu S, Tong KK, Kwan KM, Kwok JSL, Tsui SKW, Ng SK, Hales KH, Hales DB, Welch WR, Crum CP, Fong WP, Berkowitz RS, Ng SW. MicroRNA-200 family governs ovarian inclusion cyst formation and mode of ovarian cancer spread. Oncogene 2020; 39:4045-4060. [PMID: 32214198 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-1264-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiologic and histopathologic findings and the laying hen model support the long-standing incessant ovulation hypothesis and cortical inclusion cyst involvement in sporadic ovarian cancer development. MicroRNA-200 (miR-200) family is highly expressed in ovarian cancer. Herewith, we show that ovarian surface epithelial (OSE) cells with ectopic miR-200 expression formed stabilized cysts in three-dimensional (3D) organotypic culture with E-cadherin fragment expression and steroid hormone pathway activation, whereas ovarian cancer 3D cultures with miR-200 knockdown showed elevated TGF-β expression, mitotic spindle disorientation, increased lumenization, disruption of ROCK-mediated myosin II phosphorylation, and SRC signaling, which led to histotype-dependent loss of collective movement in tumor spread. Gene expression profiling revealed that epithelial-mesenchymal transition and hypoxia were the top enriched gene sets regulated by miR-200 in both OSE and ovarian cancer cells. The molecular changes uncovered by the in vitro studies were verified in both human and laying hen ovarian cysts and tumor specimens. As miR-200 is also essential for ovulation, our results of estrogen pathway activation in miR-200-expressing OSE cells add another intriguing link between incessant ovulation and ovarian carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pui-Wah Choi
- Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wai Wing So
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Junzheng Yang
- Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Shubai Liu
- Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Ka Kui Tong
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kin Ming Kwan
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Center for Cell and Developmental Biology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jamie S-L Kwok
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Stephen K W Tsui
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shu-Kay Ng
- School of Medicine and Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, 4111, Australia
| | - Karen H Hales
- Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, Southern Illinois School of Medicine, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA
| | - Dale B Hales
- Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, Southern Illinois School of Medicine, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA.,Department of Physiology, Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Southern Illinois School of Medicine, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA
| | - William R Welch
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Christopher P Crum
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Wing-Ping Fong
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Ross S Berkowitz
- Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Shu-Wing Ng
- Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mother Infant Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington Street, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
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21
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Hering NA, Fromm A, Bücker R, Gorkiewicz G, Zechner E, Högenauer C, Fromm M, Schulzke JD, Troeger H. Tilivalline- and Tilimycin-Independent Effects of Klebsiella oxytoca on Tight Junction-Mediated Intestinal Barrier Impairment. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E5595. [PMID: 31717457 PMCID: PMC6888351 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Klebsiella oxytoca causes antibiotic-associated hemorrhagic colitis and diarrhea. This was attributed largely to its secreted cytotoxins tilivalline and tilimycin, inductors of epithelial apoptosis. To study whether Klebsiella oxytoca exerts further barrier effects, T84 monolayers were challenged with bacterial supernatants derived from tilivalline/tilimycin-producing AHC6 or its isogeneic tilivalline/tilimycin-deficient strain Mut-89. Both preparations decreased transepithelial resistance, enhanced fluorescein and FITC-dextran-4kDa permeabilities, and reduced expression of barrier-forming tight junction proteins claudin-5 and -8. Laser scanning microscopy indicated redistribution of both claudins off the tight junction region in T84 monolayers as well as in colon crypts of mice infected with AHC6 or Mut-89, indicating that these effects are tilivalline/tilimycin-independent. Furthermore, claudin-1 was affected, but only in a tilivalline/tilimycin-dependent manner. In conclusion, Klebsiella oxytoca induced intestinal barrier impairment by two mechanisms: the tilivalline/tilimycin-dependent one, acting by increasing cellular apoptosis and a tilivalline/tilimycin-independent one, acting by weakening the paracellular pathway through the tight junction proteins claudin-5 and -8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina A. Hering
- Medical Department of General, Visceral and Vascular Surgery, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Anja Fromm
- Institute of Clinical Physiology/Nutritional Medicine, Medical Department, Division of Gastroenterology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 12203 Berlin, Germany; (A.F.); (R.B.); (M.F.); (J.-D.S.)
| | - Roland Bücker
- Institute of Clinical Physiology/Nutritional Medicine, Medical Department, Division of Gastroenterology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 12203 Berlin, Germany; (A.F.); (R.B.); (M.F.); (J.-D.S.)
| | - Gregor Gorkiewicz
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, A-8036 Graz, Austria;
| | - Ellen Zechner
- BioTechMed-Graz, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, A-8010 Graz, Austria;
| | - Christoph Högenauer
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of Graz, A-8036 Graz, Austria;
| | - Michael Fromm
- Institute of Clinical Physiology/Nutritional Medicine, Medical Department, Division of Gastroenterology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 12203 Berlin, Germany; (A.F.); (R.B.); (M.F.); (J.-D.S.)
| | - Jörg-Dieter Schulzke
- Institute of Clinical Physiology/Nutritional Medicine, Medical Department, Division of Gastroenterology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 12203 Berlin, Germany; (A.F.); (R.B.); (M.F.); (J.-D.S.)
| | - Hanno Troeger
- Medical Department, Division of Gastroenterology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 12203 Berlin, Germany;
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22
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Im NR, Lee DY, Kim B, Kim J, Jung KY, Kim TH, Baek SK. Role of Matrix Metalloproteinases 7 in the Pathogenesis of Laryngopharyngeal Reflux: Decreased E-cadherin in Acid exposed Primary Human Pharyngeal Epithelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E5276. [PMID: 31652949 PMCID: PMC6862869 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cleavage of E-cadherin and the resultant weakness in the cell-cell links in the laryngeal epithelium lining is induced by exposure to acidic contents of the refluxate. Herein, we aimed to evaluate the role of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in inducing E-cadherin level changes following acid exposure to the human pharyngeal mucosal cells. E-cadherin levels were inversely correlated with the duration of acid exposure. Treatment with actinonin, a broad MMP inhibitor, inhibited this change. Immunocytochemical staining and transepithelial permeability test revealed that the cell surface staining of E-cadherin decreased and transepithelial permeability increased after acid exposure, which was significantly inhibited by the MMP inhibitor. Among the various MMPs analyzed, the mRNA for MMP-7 in the cellular component was upregulated, and the secretion and enzymatic activity of MMP-7 in the culture media increased with the acid treatment. Consequently, MMP-7 plays a significant role in the degradation of E-cadherin after exposure to a relatively weak acidic condition that would be similar to the physiologic condition that occurs in Laryngopharyngeal reflux disease patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nu-Ri Im
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea.
| | - Doh Young Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul 07061, Korea.
| | - Byoungjae Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea.
- Neuroscience research institute, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea.
| | - Jian Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea.
| | - Kwang-Yoon Jung
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea.
| | - Tae Hoon Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea.
| | - Seung-Kuk Baek
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea.
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23
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Apoptotic Fragmentation of Tricellulin. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20194882. [PMID: 31581480 PMCID: PMC6801678 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20194882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Apoptotic extrusion of cells from epithelial cell layers is of central importance for epithelial homeostasis. As a prerequisite cell-cell contacts between apoptotic cells and their neighbors have to be dissociated. Tricellular tight junctions (tTJs) represent specialized structures that seal polarized epithelial cells at sites where three cells meet and are characterized by the specific expression of tricellulin and angulins. Here, we specifically addressed the fate of tricellulin in apoptotic cells. METHODS Apoptosis was induced by staurosporine or camptothecin in MDCKII and RT-112 cells. The fate of tricellulin was analyzed by Western blotting and immunofluorescence microscopy. Caspase activity was inhibited by Z-VAD-FMK or Z-DEVD-FMK. RESULTS Induction of apoptosis induces the degradation of tricellulin with time. Aspartate residues 487 and 441 were identified as caspase cleavage-sites in the C-terminal coiled-coil domain of human tricellulin. Fragmentation of tricellulin was inhibited in the presence of caspase inhibitors or when Asp487 or Asp441 were mutated to asparagine. Deletion of the tricellulin C-terminal amino acids prevented binding to lipolysis-stimulated lipoprotein receptor (LSR)/angulin-1 and thus should impair specific localization of tricellulin to tTJs. CONCLUSIONS Tricellulin is a substrate of caspases and its cleavage in consequence contributes to the dissolution of tTJs during apoptosis.
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24
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Kobylarek D, Iwanowski P, Lewandowska Z, Limphaibool N, Szafranek S, Labrzycka A, Kozubski W. Advances in the Potential Biomarkers of Epilepsy. Front Neurol 2019; 10:685. [PMID: 31312171 PMCID: PMC6614180 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is a group of chronic neurological disorders characterized by recurrent, spontaneous, and unpredictable seizures. It is one of the most common neurological disorders, affecting tens of millions of people worldwide. Comprehensive studies on epilepsy in recent decades have revealed the complexity of epileptogenesis, in which immunological processes, epigenetic modifications, and structural changes in neuronal tissues have been identified as playing a crucial role. This review discusses the recent advances in the biomarkers of epilepsy. We evaluate the possible molecular background underlying the clinical changes observed in recent studies, focusing on therapeutic investigations, and the evidence of their safety and efficacy in the human population. This article reviews the pathophysiology of epilepsy, including recent reports on the effects of oxidative stress and hypoxia, and focuses on specific biomarkers and their clinical implications, along with further perspectives in epilepsy research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Kobylarek
- Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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25
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Hayward AN, Aird EJ, Gordon WR. A toolkit for studying cell surface shedding of diverse transmembrane receptors. eLife 2019; 8:e46983. [PMID: 31172946 PMCID: PMC6586460 DOI: 10.7554/elife.46983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteolysis of transmembrane receptors is a critical cellular communication mechanism dysregulated in disease, yet decoding proteolytic regulation mechanisms of hundreds of shed receptors is hindered by difficulties controlling stimuli and unknown fates of cleavage products. Notch proteolytic regulation is a notable exception, where intercellular forces drive exposure of a cryptic protease site within a juxtamembrane proteolytic switch domain to activate transcriptional programs. We created a Synthetic Notch Assay for Proteolytic Switches (SNAPS) that exploits the modularity and unequivocal input/response of Notch proteolysis to screen surface receptors for other putative proteolytic switches. We identify several new proteolytic switches among receptors with structural homology to Notch. We demonstrate SNAPS can detect shedding in chimeras of diverse cell surface receptors, leading to new, testable hypotheses. Finally, we establish the assay can be used to measure modulation of proteolysis by potential therapeutics and offer new mechanistic insights into how DECMA-1 disrupts cell adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda N Hayward
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and BiophysicsUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisUnited States
| | - Eric J Aird
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and BiophysicsUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisUnited States
| | - Wendy R Gordon
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and BiophysicsUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisUnited States
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26
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Chen J, Haanpää MK, Gruber JJ, Jäger N, Ford JM, Snyder MP. High-Resolution Bisulfite-Sequencing of Peripheral Blood DNA Methylation in Early-Onset and Familial Risk Breast Cancer Patients. Clin Cancer Res 2019; 25:5301-5314. [PMID: 31175093 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-2423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Understanding and explaining hereditary predisposition to cancer has focused on the genetic etiology of the disease. However, mutations in known genes associated with breast cancer, such as BRCA1 and BRCA2, account for less than 25% of familial cases of breast cancer. Recently, specific epigenetic modifications at BRCA1 have been shown to promote hereditary breast cancer, but the broader potential for epigenetic contribution to hereditary breast cancer is not yet well understood. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We examined DNA methylation through deep bisulfite sequencing of CpG islands and known promoter or regulatory regions in peripheral blood DNA from 99 patients with familial or early-onset breast or ovarian cancer, 6 unaffected BRCA mutation carriers, and 49 unaffected controls. RESULTS In 9% of patients, we observed altered methylation in the promoter regions of genes known to be involved in cancer, including hypermethylation at the tumor suppressor PTEN and hypomethylation at the proto-oncogene TEX14. These alterations occur in the form of allelic methylation that span up to hundreds of base pairs in length. CONCLUSIONS Our observations suggest a broader role for DNA methylation in early-onset, familial risk breast cancer. Further studies are warranted to clarify these mechanisms and the benefits of DNA methylation screening for early risk prediction of familial cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Chen
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Maria K Haanpää
- Department of Medicine, Oncology Division, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Joshua J Gruber
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, California.,Department of Medicine, Oncology Division, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Natalie Jäger
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - James M Ford
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, California. .,Department of Medicine, Oncology Division, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Michael P Snyder
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, California.
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27
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Shin JO, Lee JM, Bok J, Jung HS. Inhibition of the Zeb family prevents murine palatogenesis through regulation of apoptosis and the cell cycle. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 506:223-230. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.10.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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28
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Øystese KAB, Berg JP, Normann KR, Zucknick M, Casar-Borota O, Bollerslev J. The role of E and N-cadherin in the postoperative course of gonadotroph pituitary tumours. Endocrine 2018; 62:351-360. [PMID: 30051197 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-018-1679-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Gonadotroph tumours are the most abundant of the clinically silent pituitary tumours. There is a lack of reliable prognostic markers predicting their clinical course. Our aim was to determine the level of E-cadherin and N-cadherin in a cohort of clinically silent gonadotroph pituitary tumours, and compare them to the rate of reintervention. METHODS Tumour tissue from primary surgery was retrospectively investigated and compared with clinical data. Immunohistochemical (N = 105) and real time-qPCR (N = 85) analyses for the levels of N-cadherin and the extra- and intracellular domains of E-cadherin were performed. The immunoreactive scores (IRS) and mRNA relative quantity were compared to the rate of reintervention. RESULTS The tumours presented a high IRS for N-cadherin (Median 12 (IQR 12-12)) and almost no immunoreactivity for the extracellular domain of E-cadherin (Median 0 (IQR 0-0)). The membranous staining for the intracellular domain of E-cadherin varied (Median 6 (IQR 4-6). Reduced membranous expression of the intracellular domain of E-cadherin was associated with nuclear presence of the same domain. Nuclear staining for the intracellular domain of E-cadherin was associated with a lower rate of reintervention (p = 0.01). CONCLUSION We found that silent gonadotroph tumours presented high IRS for N-cadherin and low IRS for the extracellular domain of E-cadherin. A substantial proportion of the tumours presented nuclear staining for the intracellular domain of E-cadherin, accompanied by a reduced membranous expression of the intracellular domain of E-cadherin. Absence of nuclear staining for the intracellular domain of E-cadherin served as an independent predictor of reintervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Astrid Berland Øystese
- Section of Specialized Endocrinology, Department of Endocrinology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, P.b.4950 Nydalen, 0424, Oslo, Norway.
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
- Research Institute for Internal Medicine (IMF), OUS Rikshospitalet, Postboks 4950 Nydalen, 0424, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Jens Petter Berg
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, 0424, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kjersti Ringvoll Normann
- Section of Specialized Endocrinology, Department of Endocrinology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, P.b.4950 Nydalen, 0424, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Research Institute for Internal Medicine (IMF), OUS Rikshospitalet, Postboks 4950 Nydalen, 0424, Oslo, Norway
| | - Manuela Zucknick
- Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Olivera Casar-Borota
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Rudbeck Laboratory, Dag Hammarskjölds väg 20, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Pathology and Cytology, Uppsala University Hospital, Rudbeck Laboratory, Dag Hammarskjölds väg 20, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Sognsvannsveien 20, 0372, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jens Bollerslev
- Section of Specialized Endocrinology, Department of Endocrinology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, P.b.4950 Nydalen, 0424, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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29
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Xu DC, Arthurton L, Baena-Lopez LA. Learning on the Fly: The Interplay between Caspases and Cancer. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:5473180. [PMID: 29854765 PMCID: PMC5949197 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5473180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The ease of genetic manipulation, as well as the evolutionary conservation of gene function, has placed Drosophila melanogaster as one of the leading model organisms used to understand the implication of many proteins with disease development, including caspases and their relation to cancer. The family of proteases referred to as caspases have been studied over the years as the major regulators of apoptosis: the most common cellular mechanism involved in eliminating unwanted or defective cells, such as cancerous cells. Indeed, the evasion of the apoptotic programme resulting from caspase downregulation is considered one of the hallmarks of cancer. Recent investigations have also shown an instrumental role for caspases in non-lethal biological processes, such as cell proliferation, cell differentiation, intercellular communication, and cell migration. Importantly, malfunction of these essential biological tasks can deeply impact the initiation and progression of cancer. Here, we provide an extensive review of the literature surrounding caspase biology and its interplay with many aspects of cancer, emphasising some of the key findings obtained from Drosophila studies. We also briefly describe the therapeutic potential of caspase modulation in relation to cancer, highlighting shortcomings and hopeful promises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek Cui Xu
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX13RE, UK
- Cell Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lewis Arthurton
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX13RE, UK
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30
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Zhao TQ, Zhao YD, Liu XY, Wang B, Li ZH, He ZX, Zhang XH, Liang JJ, Ma LY, Liu HM. Discovery of 6-chloro-2-(propylthio)-8,9-dihydro-7H-purines containing a carboxamide moiety as potential selective anti-lung cancer agents. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 151:327-338. [PMID: 29635165 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.03.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A new series of 6-chloro-2-(propylthio)-8,9-dihydro-7H-purine-8-caboxamide derivatives were designed, synthesized, and further evaluated for their antiproliferative activities on four human cancer cell lines (A549, MGC803, PC-3 and TE-1). The structure-activity relationships (SARs) studies were conducted through the variation in the two regions, which including position 8 and 9, of purine core. One of the compounds, 8, containing a terminal piperazine appendage with a carboxamide moiety at position 8 and phenyl group at position 9 of 6-chloro-8,9-dihydro-7H-purine core, showed the most potent antiproliferative activity and good selectivity between cancer and normal cells (IC50 values of 2.80 μM against A549 and 303.03 μM against GES-1, respectively). In addition, compound 8 could inhibit the colony formation and migration of A549 cells in a concentration-dependent manner, as well as induce the apoptosis possibly through the intrinsic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao-Qian Zhao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province, Key Laboratory of Technology of Drug Preparation (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China
| | - Yuan-Di Zhao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province, Key Laboratory of Technology of Drug Preparation (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China
| | - Xin-Yang Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province, Key Laboratory of Technology of Drug Preparation (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China
| | - Bo Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province, Key Laboratory of Technology of Drug Preparation (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China
| | - Zhong-Hua Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province, Key Laboratory of Technology of Drug Preparation (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China
| | - Zhang-Xu He
- Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province, Key Laboratory of Technology of Drug Preparation (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China
| | - Xin-Hui Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province, Key Laboratory of Technology of Drug Preparation (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China
| | - Jian-Jia Liang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province, Key Laboratory of Technology of Drug Preparation (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China
| | - Li-Ying Ma
- Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province, Key Laboratory of Technology of Drug Preparation (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China.
| | - Hong-Min Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province, Key Laboratory of Technology of Drug Preparation (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China.
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Yulis M, Quiros M, Hilgarth R, Parkos CA, Nusrat A. Intracellular Desmoglein-2 cleavage sensitizes epithelial cells to apoptosis in response to pro-inflammatory cytokines. Cell Death Dis 2018. [PMID: 29523777 PMCID: PMC5844960 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0380-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Desmosomal cadherins mediate intercellular adhesion and have also been shown to regulate homeostatic signaling in epithelial cells. We have previously reported that select pro-inflammatory cytokines induce Dsg2 ectodomain cleavage and shedding from intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). Dsg2 extracellular cleaved fragments (Dsg2 ECF) function to induce paracrine pro-proliferative signaling in epithelial cells. In this study, we show that exposure of IECs to pro-inflammatory cytokines interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) resulted in Dsg2 intracellular cleavage and generation of a ~55 kDa fragment (Dsg2 ICF). Dsg2 intracellular cleavage is mediated by caspase-8 and occurs prior to Dsg2 extracellular cleavage and the execution of apoptosis. Expression of exogenous Dsg2 ICF in model IECs resulted in increased sensitivity to apoptotic stimuli and apoptosis execution. Additionally, expression of the Dsg2 ICF repressed the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family member proteins Bcl-XL and Mcl1. Taken together, our findings identify a novel mechanism by which pro-inflammatory mediators induce modification of Dsg2 to activate apoptosis and eliminate damaged cells, while also promoting release of Dsg2 ECF that promotes proliferation of neighboring cells and epithelial barrier recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Yulis
- Department of Pathology, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Miguel Quiros
- Department of Pathology, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Roland Hilgarth
- Department of Pathology, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Charles A Parkos
- Department of Pathology, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Asma Nusrat
- Department of Pathology, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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32
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Wang N, Chen S, Zhang B, Li S, Jin F, Gao D, Liu H, Jiang Y. 8u, a pro-apoptosis/cell cycle arrest compound, suppresses invasion and metastasis through HSP90α downregulating and PI3K/Akt inactivation in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Sci Rep 2018; 8:309. [PMID: 29321577 PMCID: PMC5762664 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18701-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
8u, an acridine derivative, has been proved effective anti-hepatocarcinoma effect, while the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here, metabolomics and proteomics approaches were applied to study its anti-cancer mechanism and explore its effect on HepG2 cells' invasion and metastasis abilities. The results showed that 8u significantly suppressed HepG2 cells migration and enhanced cell-to-cell junctions. The inhibition effect of 8u on invasion and metastasis disappeared after HSP90α gene silencing, and was reversed after HSP90α overexpression. The biological experimental results indicated that 8u also blocked PI3K/Akt pathway, thereby reducing fatty acid synthase (FASN) protein expression and disordering intracellular lipid metabolism to inhibit cell invasion and metastasis. In addition, HSP90α protein and PI3K/Akt pathway could co-adjust to each other. These findings demonstrated that 8u could efficiently suppress the invasion and metastasis of HepG2 cells by decreasing the expression of HSP90α protein and inhibiting the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, which could be used as a potential candidate for the treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base-Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Shaopeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base-Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin Kenneth Li Marine Biopharmaceutical Research Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Shangfu Li
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base-Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Feng Jin
- Neptunus Pharmaceutical Technology Center, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Dan Gao
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base-Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Hongxia Liu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base-Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yuyang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base-Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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Kim B, Lee HJ, Im NR, Lee DY, Kang CY, Park IH, Lee SH, Lee SH, Baek SK, Kim TH. Effect of matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor on disrupted E-cadherin after acid exposure in the human nasal epithelium. Laryngoscope 2017; 128:E1-E7. [PMID: 29044536 DOI: 10.1002/lary.26932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 08/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Laryngopharyngeal reflux disease (LPRD) is one of potential factors in recalcitrant chronic rhinosinusitis with or without polyps. An increase in junctional permeability in the nasal mucosa in LPRD may be due to disrupted protein bridge formation with cell-to-cell adhesion molecules such as E-cadherin. Despite the relationship between nasal mucosal inflammation and LPRD, the clear mechanism by which acid reflux affects the nasal epithelium remains unclear. METHODS The expression levels and distribution patterns of E-cadherin in primary culture of nasal epithelial cells after acid exposure with or without dexamethasone and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitor were determined using Western blot and immunocytochemistry. The functional roles of MMP inhibitor in maintaining junctional permeability in the nasal epithelium were elucidated by transepithelial permeability test. RESULTS By acid exposure to nasal epithelial cells, mature E-cadherin was decreased and cleaved E-cadherin was increased. This was thought to be caused by cleavage of mature E-cadherin between cells and was confirmed by the increment of E-cadherin inside a cell in immunocytochemical evaluation. Whereas disruption of E-cadherin was not recovered by steroid medication with various treatments of dexamethasone, disrupted E-cadherin was restored to normal by inhibition of MMPs with actinonin, a broad MMP inhibitor. This recovery was functionally demonstrated by transepithelial permeability test. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that altered expression of E-cadherin in the nasal epithelium by acid exposure may be a possible mechanism for nasal tissue injury in chronic nasal inflammation with LPRD, and that MMP inhibition is a potential treatment. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE NA. Laryngoscope, 128:E1-E7, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byoungjae Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Korea University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Neuroscience Research Institute, Korea University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Ji Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Korea University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Nu-Ri Im
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Korea University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Doh Young Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Korea University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Cha Young Kang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Korea University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Il-Ho Park
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Korea University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hoon Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Korea University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hag Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Korea University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Kuk Baek
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Korea University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Hoon Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Korea University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Liang Y, Clay NE, Sullivan KM, Leong J, Ozcelikkale A, Rich MH, Lee MK, Lai MH, Jeon H, Han B, Tong YW, Kong H. Enzyme-Induced Matrix Softening Regulates Hepatocarcinoma Cancer Cell Phenotypes. Macromol Biosci 2017; 17:10.1002/mabi.201700117. [PMID: 28683186 PMCID: PMC5784765 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201700117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The progression of cancer is often accompanied by changes in the mechanical properties of an extracellular matrix. However, limited efforts have been made to reproduce these biological events in vitro. To this end, this study demonstrates that matrix remodeling caused by matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 regulates phenotypic activities and modulates radiosensitivity of cancer cells exclusively in a 3D matrix. In this study, hepatocarcinoma cells are cultured in a collagen-based gel tailored to present an elastic modulus of ≈4.0 kPa. The subsequent exposure of the gel to MMP-1 decreases the elastic modulus from 4.0 to 0.5 kPa. In response to MMP-1, liver cancer cells undergo active proliferation, downregulation of E-cadherin, and the loss of detoxification capacity. The resulting spheroids are more sensitive to radiation than the spheroids cultured in the stiffer gel not exposed to MMP-1. Overall, this study serves to better understand and control the effects of MMP-induced matrix remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youyun Liang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117576 Singapore
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, U.S.A
| | - Nicholas Edwin Clay
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, U.S.A
| | - Kathryn M. Sullivan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, U.S.A
| | - Jiayu Leong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, U.S.A
| | - Altug Ozcelikkale
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, U.S.A
| | - Max H. Rich
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, U.S.A
| | - Min Kyung Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, U.S.A
| | - Mei-Hsiu Lai
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, U.S.A
| | - Hojeong Jeon
- Center for Biomaterials, Biomedical Research Institute, Korean Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Bumsoo Han
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, U.S.A
| | - Yen Wah Tong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117576 Singapore
| | - Hyunjoon Kong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, U.S.A
- Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, U.S.A
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Liang J, Balachandra S, Ngo S, O'Brien LE. Feedback regulation of steady-state epithelial turnover and organ size. Nature 2017; 548:588-591. [PMID: 28847000 DOI: 10.1038/nature23678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial organs undergo steady-state turnover throughout adult life, with old cells being continually replaced by the progeny of stem cell divisions. To avoid hyperplasia or atrophy, organ turnover demands strict equilibration of cell production and loss. However, the mechanistic basis of this equilibrium is unknown. Here we show that robustly precise turnover of the adult Drosophila intestine arises through a coupling mechanism in which enterocyte apoptosis breaks feedback inhibition of stem cell division. Healthy enterocytes inhibit stem cell division through E-cadherin, which prevents secretion of mitogenic epidermal growth factors (EGFs) by repressing transcription of the EGF maturation factor rhomboid. Individual apoptotic enterocytes promote divisions by loss of E-cadherin, which releases cadherin-associated β-catenin (Armadillo in Drosophila) and p120-catenin to induce rhomboid. Induction of rhomboid in the dying enterocyte triggers activation of the EGF receptor (Egfr) in stem cells within a discrete radius. When we blocked apoptosis, E-cadherin-controlled feedback suppressed divisions, and the organ retained the same number of cells. When we disrupted feedback, apoptosis and divisions were uncoupled, and the organ developed either hyperplasia or atrophy. Together, our results show that robust cellular balance hinges on the obligate coupling of divisions to apoptosis, which limits the proliferative potential of a stem cell to the precise time and place at which a replacement cell is needed. In this way, localized cell-cell communication gives rise to tissue-level homeostatic equilibrium and constant organ size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jackson Liang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Shruthi Balachandra
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Sang Ngo
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Lucy Erin O'Brien
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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36
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Yang Y, Du J, Liu F, Wang X, Li X, Li Y. Role of caspase-3/E-cadherin in helicobacter pylori-induced apoptosis of gastric epithelial cells. Oncotarget 2017; 8:59204-59216. [PMID: 28938629 PMCID: PMC5601725 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate the role of caspase-3/E-cadherin in Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) -induced gastric epithelial apoptosis in cells, animal models and clinical gastritis patients. In cultured gastric mucosal epithelial cells, gastric glandular epithelial cells and C57BL/6 mice, H. pylori infection significantly induced apoptosis of gastric epithelial cells, down-regulated full-length E-cadherin and Bcl-2 expression, and up-regulated cleaved-caspase-3, E-cadherin/carboxy-terminal fragment 3 and Bax expression. Z-DEVD-FMK, an inhibitor of caspase-3, attenuated the effect of H. pylori. E-cadherin overexpression significantly inhibited the apoptosis of GES-1 and SGC-7901 cells induced by the H. pylori. The results from clinical studies also showed down-regulation of E-cadherin, up-regulation of cleaved-caspase-3 expression and increased apoptosis in gastric tissues from gastritis patients with H. pylori infection. These results suggest that the caspase-3/E-cadherin pathway is involved in the apoptosis of gastric epithelial cells induced by H. pylori.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongmei Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Jie Du
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Fen Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaohui Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuanjian Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
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37
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Botnariuc I, Ilie S, Trifanescu O, Bacinschi X, Curea F, Anghel R. PREDICTIVE CIRCULATING MARKERS FOR ANTHRACYCLINE CHEMOTHERAPY IN NON-METASTATIC BREAST CANCER. ACTA ENDOCRINOLOGICA (BUCHAREST, ROMANIA : 2005) 2017; 13:209-214. [PMID: 31149175 PMCID: PMC6516453 DOI: 10.4183/aeb.2017.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Anthracyclines are used in breast cancer both in early and advanced stages and their recommendation together with taxanes, either concurrently or sequentially, is debatable and individualized by phenotype. Circulating biomarkers have already been introduced in clinical practice for metastatic disease monitoring. We questioned whether it might be a role for these markers in neoadjuvant and adjuvant settings too and a general review was conducted. CK18 and CTC were found predictive for anthracycline related response in preoperative setting. Soluble E-cadherin is promising, a retrospective analysis showing a direct correlation with clinical response. CEA, CA 15-3 and HER2 ECD are not of interest for their predictive role.
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Affiliation(s)
- I. Botnariuc
- “Alexandru Trestioreanu” Institute of Oncology, Ringgold Standard Institution, Dept. of Radiotherapy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - S.M. Ilie
- “Alexandru Trestioreanu” Institute of Oncology, Ringgold Standard Institution, Dept. of Radiotherapy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - O.G. Trifanescu
- “Alexandru Trestioreanu” Institute of Oncology, Ringgold Standard Institution, Dept. of Radiotherapy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - X.E. Bacinschi
- “Alexandru Trestioreanu” Institute of Oncology, Ringgold Standard Institution, Dept. of Radiotherapy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - F. Curea
- “Alexandru Trestioreanu” Institute of Oncology, Ringgold Standard Institution, Dept. of Radiotherapy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - R.M. Anghel
- “Alexandru Trestioreanu” Institute of Oncology, Ringgold Standard Institution, Dept. of Radiotherapy, Bucharest, Romania
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Christou N, Perraud A, Blondy S, Jauberteau MO, Battu S, Mathonnet M. The extracellular domain of E cadherin linked to invasiveness in colorectal cancer: a new resistance and relapses monitoring serum-bio marker? J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2017; 143:1177-1190. [PMID: 28289897 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-017-2382-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Multiple studies have attempted to demonstrate the interest of the cell adhesion marker, E cadherin, as a diagnostic and prognosis marker in colorectal cancer (CRC). However, it was considered non specific. MATERIALS AND METHODS Studies were carried out with CRC cell lines and patients' cohort operated for CRC. The expression of E cadherin was studied after 5 fluorouracil (5FU) treatment and correlated to CRC relapse, chemo-resistance and survival. RESULTS In CRC cell lines derived from high tumor stages, extracellular domain of E cadherin expression decreased after 5FU treatment whereas it increased in supernatants. Interestingly, only specific cleaved forms at 55 kDa of E cadherin were detected in supernatants. In CRC surgical patients, more importantly concerning extracellular E cadherin domain, a decreased expression was observed in tissues in function of CRC stages whereas an increased expression was found in sera. Moreover, there is an increasing trend of survival with weak serum E cadherin secretion, reinforcing the implication of this protein in CRC evolution. DISCUSSION The extracellular domain can be defined as a 5FU resistance marker and allow CRC monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niki Christou
- Laboratoire EA 3842, Homéostasie cellulaire et Pathologies, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université de Limoges, 2 rue du Dr Marcland, 87025, Limoges Cedex, France. .,Institut Fédératif de Recherche 145 GEIST « Génomique, Environnement, Immunité, Santé et Thérapeutiques », Université de Limoges, 2 rue du Dr Marcland, 87025, Limoges Cedex, France. .,Service de chirurgie digestive générale et endocrinienne, CHRU de Limoges, 2 rue Martin Luther King, 87042, Limoges Cedex, France.
| | - Aurélie Perraud
- Laboratoire EA 3842, Homéostasie cellulaire et Pathologies, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université de Limoges, 2 rue du Dr Marcland, 87025, Limoges Cedex, France.,Institut Fédératif de Recherche 145 GEIST « Génomique, Environnement, Immunité, Santé et Thérapeutiques », Université de Limoges, 2 rue du Dr Marcland, 87025, Limoges Cedex, France.,Service de chirurgie digestive générale et endocrinienne, CHRU de Limoges, 2 rue Martin Luther King, 87042, Limoges Cedex, France
| | - Sabrina Blondy
- Laboratoire EA 3842, Homéostasie cellulaire et Pathologies, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université de Limoges, 2 rue du Dr Marcland, 87025, Limoges Cedex, France.,Institut Fédératif de Recherche 145 GEIST « Génomique, Environnement, Immunité, Santé et Thérapeutiques », Université de Limoges, 2 rue du Dr Marcland, 87025, Limoges Cedex, France
| | - Marie-Odile Jauberteau
- Laboratoire EA 3842, Homéostasie cellulaire et Pathologies, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université de Limoges, 2 rue du Dr Marcland, 87025, Limoges Cedex, France.,Institut Fédératif de Recherche 145 GEIST « Génomique, Environnement, Immunité, Santé et Thérapeutiques », Université de Limoges, 2 rue du Dr Marcland, 87025, Limoges Cedex, France
| | - Serge Battu
- Laboratoire EA 3842, Homéostasie cellulaire et Pathologies, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université de Limoges, 2 rue du Dr Marcland, 87025, Limoges Cedex, France.,Institut Fédératif de Recherche 145 GEIST « Génomique, Environnement, Immunité, Santé et Thérapeutiques », Université de Limoges, 2 rue du Dr Marcland, 87025, Limoges Cedex, France
| | - Muriel Mathonnet
- Laboratoire EA 3842, Homéostasie cellulaire et Pathologies, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université de Limoges, 2 rue du Dr Marcland, 87025, Limoges Cedex, France.,Institut Fédératif de Recherche 145 GEIST « Génomique, Environnement, Immunité, Santé et Thérapeutiques », Université de Limoges, 2 rue du Dr Marcland, 87025, Limoges Cedex, France.,Service de chirurgie digestive générale et endocrinienne, CHRU de Limoges, 2 rue Martin Luther King, 87042, Limoges Cedex, France
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Schiffmacher AT, Xie V, Taneyhill LA. Cadherin-6B proteolysis promotes the neural crest cell epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition through transcriptional regulation. J Cell Biol 2016; 215:735-747. [PMID: 27856599 PMCID: PMC5146998 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201604006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2016] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cadherin proteolysis reduces cell–cell adhesion and generates cleavage products that could possess independent functions. Here, Schiffmacher et al. reveal that the intracellular C-terminal fragment generated by Cadherin-6B proteolysis promotes chick cranial neural crest cell EMT through positive transcriptional feedback into the neural crest gene regulatory network. During epithelial-to-mesenchymal transitions (EMTs), cells disassemble cadherin-based junctions to segregate from the epithelia. Chick premigratory cranial neural crest cells reduce Cadherin-6B (Cad6B) levels through several mechanisms, including proteolysis, to permit their EMT and migration. Serial processing of Cad6B by a disintegrin and metalloproteinase (ADAM) proteins and γ-secretase generates intracellular C-terminal fragments (CTF2s) that could acquire additional functions. Here we report that Cad6B CTF2 possesses a novel pro-EMT role by up-regulating EMT effector genes in vivo. After proteolysis, CTF2 remains associated with β-catenin, which stabilizes and redistributes both proteins to the cytosol and nucleus, leading to up-regulation of β-catenin, CyclinD1, Snail2, and Snail2 promoter-based GFP expression in vivo. A CTF2 β-catenin–binding mutant, however, fails to alter gene expression, indicating that CTF2 modulates β-catenin–responsive EMT effector genes. Notably, CTF2 association with the endogenous Snail2 promoter in the neural crest is β-catenin dependent. Collectively, our data reveal how Cad6B proteolysis orchestrates multiple pro-EMT regulatory inputs, including CTF2-mediated up-regulation of the Cad6B repressor Snail2, to ensure proper cranial neural crest EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew T Schiffmacher
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742
| | - Vivien Xie
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742
| | - Lisa A Taneyhill
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742
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40
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Izaguirre MF, Casco VH. E-cadherin roles in animal biology: A perspective on thyroid hormone-influence. Cell Commun Signal 2016; 14:27. [PMID: 27814736 PMCID: PMC5097364 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-016-0150-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The establishment, remodeling and maintenance of tissular architecture during animal development, and even across juvenile to adult life, are deeply regulated by a delicate interplay of extracellular signals, cell membrane receptors and intracellular signal messengers. It is well known that cell adhesion molecules (cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix) play a critical role in these processes. Particularly, adherens junctions (AJs) mediated by E-cadherin and catenins determine cell-cell contact survival and epithelia function. Consequently, this review seeks to encompass the complex and prolific knowledge about E-cadherin roles during physiological and pathological states, particularly focusing on the influence exerted by the thyroid hormone (TH).
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Affiliation(s)
- María Fernanda Izaguirre
- Laboratorio de Microscopia Aplicada a Estudios Moleculares y Celulares, Facultad de Ingeniería (Bioingeniería-Bioinformática), Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos, Ruta 11, Km 10, Oro Verde, Entre Ríos, Argentina
| | - Victor Hugo Casco
- Laboratorio de Microscopia Aplicada a Estudios Moleculares y Celulares, Facultad de Ingeniería (Bioingeniería-Bioinformática), Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos, Ruta 11, Km 10, Oro Verde, Entre Ríos, Argentina.
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41
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Su W, Kowalczyk AP. The VE-cadherin cytoplasmic domain undergoes proteolytic processing during endocytosis. Mol Biol Cell 2016; 28:76-84. [PMID: 27798242 PMCID: PMC5221631 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e16-09-0658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Revised: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
VE-cadherin is cleaved by calpain to remove the β-catenin–binding domain upon entry into clathrin-enriched membrane domains. Calpain cleavage of VE-cadherin cytoplasmic tail appears to fate cadherin for degradation rather than recycling and thus alters the cadherin trafficking itinerary after endocytosis. VE-cadherin trafficking to and from the plasma membrane has emerged as a critical mechanism for regulating cadherin surface levels and adhesion strength. In addition, proteolytic processing of cadherin extracellular and cytoplasmic domains has been reported to regulate cadherin adhesion and signaling. Here we provide evidence that VE-cadherin is cleaved by calpain upon entry into clathrin-enriched domains. This cleavage event occurs between the β-catenin and p120-binding domains within the cadherin cytoplasmic tail. Of interest, VE-cadherin mutants that are resistant to endocytosis are similarly resistant to cleavage. Furthermore, p120-catenin overexpression blocks cadherin internalization and cleavage, coupling entry into the endocytic pathway with proteolytic processing. Of importance, the cleavage of the VE-cadherin tail alters the postendocytic trafficking itinerary of the cadherin, resulting in a higher turnover rate due to decreased recycling and increased degradation. In conclusion, this study identifies a novel proteolytic event that regulates the trafficking of VE-cadherin after endocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenji Su
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Cell and Developmental Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322.,Department of Cell Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Andrew P Kowalczyk
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322 .,Department of Dermatology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322.,Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
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Ishikawa M, Yuyama I, Shimizu H, Nozawa M, Ikeo K, Gojobori T. Different Endosymbiotic Interactions in Two Hydra Species Reflect the Evolutionary History of Endosymbiosis. Genome Biol Evol 2016; 8:2155-63. [PMID: 27324918 PMCID: PMC4987108 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evw142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Endosymbiosis is an important evolutionary event for organisms, and there is widespread interest in understanding the evolution of endosymbiosis establishment. Hydra is one of the most suitable organisms for studying the evolution of endosymbiosis. Within the genus Hydra, H. viridissima and H. vulgaris show endosymbiosis with green algae. Previous studies suggested that the endosymbiosis in H. vulgaris took place much more recently than that in H. viridissima, noting that the establishment of the interaction between H. vulgaris and its algae is not as stable as in H. viridissima. To investigate the on-going process of endosymbiosis, we first compared growth and tolerance to starvation in symbiotic and aposymbiotic polyps of both species. The results revealed that symbiotic H. viridissima had a higher growth rate and greater tolerance to starvation than aposymbiotic polyps. By contrast, growth of symbiotic H. vulgaris was identical to that of aposymbiotic polyps, and symbiotic H. vulgaris was less tolerant to starvation. Moreover, our gene expression analysis showed a pattern of differential gene expression in H. viridissima similar to that in other endosymbiotically established organisms, and contrary to that observed in H. vulgaris. We also showed that H. viridissima could cope with oxidative stress that caused damage, such as cell death, in H. vulgaris. These observations support the idea that oxidative stress related genes play an important role in the on-going process of endosymbiosis evolution. The different evolutionary stages of endosymbiosis studied here provide a deeper insight into the evolutionary processes occurring toward a stable endosymbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masakazu Ishikawa
- Department of Genetics, SOKENDAI, Yata, Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan Center for Information Biology, National Institute of Genetics, Yata, Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Ikuko Yuyama
- Center for Information Biology, National Institute of Genetics, Yata, Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shimizu
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Computational Bioscience Research Center, Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Masafumi Nozawa
- Department of Genetics, SOKENDAI, Yata, Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan Center for Information Biology, National Institute of Genetics, Yata, Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Kazuho Ikeo
- Department of Genetics, SOKENDAI, Yata, Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan Center for Information Biology, National Institute of Genetics, Yata, Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Takashi Gojobori
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Computational Bioscience Research Center, Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Abstract
During cardiac trabeculation, cardiomyocytes delaminate from the outermost (compact) layer to form complex muscular structures known as trabeculae. As these cardiomyocytes delaminate, the remodeling of adhesion junctions must be tightly coordinated so cells can extrude from the compact layer while remaining in tight contact with their neighbors. In this study, we examined the distribution of N-cadherin (Cdh2) during cardiac trabeculation in zebrafish. By analyzing the localization of a Cdh2-EGFP fusion protein expressed under the control of the zebrafish cdh2 promoter, we initially observed Cdh2-EGFP expression along the lateral sides of embryonic cardiomyocytes, in an evenly distributed pattern, and with the occasional appearance of punctae. Within a few hours, Cdh2-EGFP distribution on the lateral sides of cardiomyocytes evolves into a clear punctate pattern as Cdh2-EGFP molecules outside the punctae cluster to increase the size of these aggregates. In addition, Cdh2-EGFP molecules also appear on the basal side of cardiomyocytes that remain in the compact layer. Delaminating cardiomyocytes accumulate Cdh2-EGFP on the surface facing the basal side of compact layer cardiomyocytes, thereby allowing tight adhesion between these layers. Importantly, we find that blood flow/cardiac contractility is required for the transition from an even distribution of Cdh2-EGFP to the formation of punctae. Furthermore, using time-lapse imaging of beating hearts in conjunction with a Cdh2 tandem fluorescent protein timer transgenic line, we observed that Cdh2-EGFP molecules appear to move from the lateral to the basal side of cardiomyocytes along the cell membrane, and that Erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2 (Erbb2) function is required for this relocalization.
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Jang B, Jung H, Chung H, Moon BI, Oh ES. Syndecan-2 enhances E-cadherin shedding and fibroblast-like morphological changes by inducing MMP-7 expression in colon cancer cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 477:47-53. [PMID: 27270030 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
E-cadherin plays a mechanical role in mediating cell-cell interactions and maintaining epithelial tissue integrity, and the loss of E-cadherin function has been implicated in cancer progression and metastasis. Syndecan-2, a cell-surface heparan sulfate proteoglycan, is upregulated during the development of colon cancer. Here, we assessed the functional relationship between E-cadherin and syndecan-2. We found that stable overexpression of syndecan-2 in a human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line (HT29) enhanced the proteolytic shedding of E-cadherin to conditioned-media. Either knockdown of matrix metalloproteinase 7 (MMP-7) or inhibition of MMP-7 activity using GM6001 significantly reduced the extracellular shedding of E-cadherin, suggesting that syndecan-2 mediates E-cadherin shedding via MMP-7. Consistent with this notion, enhancement of MMP-7 expression by interleukin-1α treatment increased the shedding of E-cadherin. Conversely, the specific reduction of either syndecan-2 or MMP-7 reduced the shedding of E-cadherin. HT29 cells overexpressing syndecan-2 showed significantly lower cell-surface expression of E-cadherin, decreased cell-cell contact, a more fibroblastic cell morphology, and increased expression levels of ZEB-1. Taken together, these data suggest that syndecan-2 induces extracellular shedding of E-cadherin and supports the acquisition of a fibroblast-like morphology by regulating MMP-7 expression in a colon cancer cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bohee Jang
- Department of Life Sciences and the Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyejung Jung
- Department of Life Sciences and the Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Heesung Chung
- Department of Life Sciences and the Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-In Moon
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, 911-1 Mok-Dong Yangcheon-Ku, Seoul, 158-710, Republic of Korea.
| | - Eok-Soo Oh
- Department of Life Sciences and the Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea.
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The first EGF domain of coagulation factor IX attenuates cell adhesion and induces apoptosis. Biosci Rep 2016; 36:BSR20160098. [PMID: 27129300 PMCID: PMC5293593 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20160098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Coagulation factor IX (FIX) is an essential plasma protein for blood coagulation. The first epidermal growth factor (EGF) motif of FIX (EGF-F9) has been reported to attenuate cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix (ECM). The purpose of the present study was to determine the effects of this motif on cell adhesion and apoptosis. Treatment with a recombinant EGF-F9 attenuated cell adhesion to the ECM within 10 min. De-adhesion assays with native FIX recombinant FIX deletion mutant proteins suggested that the de-adhesion activity of EGF-F9 requires the same process of FIX activation as that which occurs for coagulation activity. The recombinant EGF-F9 increased lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity release into the medium and increased the number of cells stained with annexin V and activated caspase-3, by 8.8- and 2.7-fold respectively, indicating that EGF-F9 induced apoptosis. Activated caspase-3 increased very rapidly after only 5 min of administration of recombinant EGF-F9. Treatment with EGF-F9 increased the level of phosphorylated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), but not that of phosphorylated MAPK 44/42 or c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). Inhibitors of caspase-3 suppressed the release of LDH. Caspase-3 inhibitors also suppressed the attenuation of cell adhesion and phosphorylation of p38 MAPK by EGF-F9. Our data indicated that EGF-F9 activated signals for apoptosis and induced de-adhesion in a caspase-3 dependent manner.
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Takeuchi T, Yamada L, Shinzato C, Sawada H, Satoh N. Stepwise Evolution of Coral Biomineralization Revealed with Genome-Wide Proteomics and Transcriptomics. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156424. [PMID: 27253604 PMCID: PMC4890752 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the importance of stony corals in many research fields related to global issues, such as marine ecology, climate change, paleoclimatogy, and metazoan evolution, very little is known about the evolutionary origin of coral skeleton formation. In order to investigate the evolution of coral biomineralization, we have identified skeletal organic matrix proteins (SOMPs) in the skeletal proteome of the scleractinian coral, Acropora digitifera, for which large genomic and transcriptomic datasets are available. Scrupulous gene annotation was conducted based on comparisons of functional domain structures among metazoans. We found that SOMPs include not only coral-specific proteins, but also protein families that are widely conserved among cnidarians and other metazoans. We also identified several conserved transmembrane proteins in the skeletal proteome. Gene expression analysis revealed that expression of these conserved genes continues throughout development. Therefore, these genes are involved not only skeleton formation, but also in basic cellular functions, such as cell-cell interaction and signaling. On the other hand, genes encoding coral-specific proteins, including extracellular matrix domain-containing proteins, galaxins, and acidic proteins, were prominently expressed in post-settlement stages, indicating their role in skeleton formation. Taken together, the process of coral skeleton formation is hypothesized as: 1) formation of initial extracellular matrix between epithelial cells and substrate, employing pre-existing transmembrane proteins; 2) additional extracellular matrix formation using novel proteins that have emerged by domain shuffling and rapid molecular evolution and; 3) calcification controlled by coral-specific SOMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Takeuchi
- Marine Genomics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna, Okinawa, 904–0495, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Lixy Yamada
- Sugashima Marine Biological Laboratory, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Sugashima, Toba, 517–0004, Japan
| | - Chuya Shinzato
- Marine Genomics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna, Okinawa, 904–0495, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Sawada
- Sugashima Marine Biological Laboratory, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Sugashima, Toba, 517–0004, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Satoh
- Marine Genomics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna, Okinawa, 904–0495, Japan
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ADAM10 Is Involved in Cell Junction Assembly in Early Porcine Embryo Development. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0152921. [PMID: 27043020 PMCID: PMC4820119 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
ADAM10 (A Disintegrin and Metalloprotease domain-containing protein 10) is a cell surface protein with a unique structure possessing both potential adhesion and protease domains. However, the role of ADAM10 in preimplantation stage embryos is not clear. In this study, we examined the expression patterns and functional roles of ADAM10 in porcine parthenotes during preimplantation development. The transcription level of ADAM10 dramatically increased from the morula stage onward. Immunostaining revealed that ADAM10 was present in both the nucleus and cytoplasm in early cleavage stage embryos, and localized to the apical region of the outer cells in morula and blastocyst embryos. Knockdown (KD) of ADAM10 using double strand RNA did not alter preimplantation embryo development until morula stage, but resulted in significantly reduced development to blastocyst stage. Moreover, the KD blastocyst showed a decrease in gene expression of adherens and tight junction (AJ/TJ), and an increase in trophectoderm TJ permeability by disrupting TJ assembly. Treatment with an ADAM10 specific chemical inhibitor, GI254023X, at the morula stage also inhibited blastocyst development and led to disruption of TJ assembly. An in situ proximity ligation assay demonstrated direct interaction of ADAM10 with coxsackie virus and adenovirus receptor (CXADR), supporting the involvement of ADAM10 in TJ assembly. In conclusion, our findings strongly suggest that ADADM10 is important for blastocyst formation rather than compaction, particularly for TJ assembly and stabilization in preimplantation porcine parthenogenetic development.
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48
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Hu QP, Kuang JY, Yang QK, Bian XW, Yu SC. Beyond a tumor suppressor: Soluble E-cadherin promotes the progression of cancer. Int J Cancer 2016; 138:2804-12. [PMID: 26704932 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
E-cadherin (E-cad) plays important roles in tumorigenesis as well as in tumor progression, invasion and metastasis. This protein exists in two forms: a membrane-tethered form and a soluble form. Full-length E-cad is membrane tethered. As a type I transmembrane glycoprotein, E-cad mainly mediates adherens junctions between cells and is involved in maintaining the normal structure of epithelial tissues. Soluble E-cad (sE-cad) is the extracellular fragment of the protein that is cleaved from the membrane after proteolysis of full-length E-cad. The production of sE-cad undermines adherens junctions, causing a reduction in cell aggregation capacity; furthermore, sE-cad can diffuse into the extracellular environment and the blood. As a paracrine/autocrine signaling molecule, sE-cad activates or inhibits multiple signaling pathways and participates in the progression of various types of cancer, such as breast cancer, ovarian cancer, and lung cancer, by promoting invasion and metastasis. This article briefly reviews the role of sE-cad in tumorigenesis and tumor progression and its significance in clinical therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Ping Hu
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Jing-Ya Kuang
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Qing-Kai Yang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of DaLian Medical University, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, DaLian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116044, China
| | - Xiu-Wu Bian
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Shi-Cang Yu
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
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Pseudomonas aeruginosa Transmigrates at Epithelial Cell-Cell Junctions, Exploiting Sites of Cell Division and Senescent Cell Extrusion. PLoS Pathog 2016; 12:e1005377. [PMID: 26727615 PMCID: PMC4699652 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
To achieve systemic infection, bacterial pathogens must overcome the critical and challenging step of transmigration across epithelial barriers. This is particularly true for opportunistic pathogens such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, an agent which causes nosocomial infections. Despite extensive study, details on the mechanisms used by this bacterium to transmigrate across epithelial tissues, as well as the entry sites it uses, remain speculative. Here, using real-time microscopy and a model epithelial barrier, we show that P. aeruginosa employs a paracellular transmigration route, taking advantage of altered cell-cell junctions at sites of cell division or when senescent cells are expelled from the cell layer. Once a bacterium transmigrates, it is followed by a cohort of bacteria using the same entry point. The basal compartment is then invaded radially from the initial penetration site. Effective transmigration and propagation require type 4 pili, the type 3 secretion system (T3SS) and a flagellum, although flagellum-deficient bacteria can occasionally invade the basal compartment from wounded areas. In the basal compartment, the bacteria inject the T3SS toxins into host cells, disrupting the cytoskeleton and focal contacts to allow their progression under the cells. Thus, P. aeruginosa exploits intrinsic host cell processes to breach the epithelium and invade the subcellular compartment. In normal situations, the mucosae constitute efficient barriers against the invasion of opportunistic pathogens. The bacteria inducing nosocomial infections take advantage of pre-existing pathological situations to cross the epithelium and spread in deeper tissues. The conditions on the host side permitting transmigration and the combination of virulence factors used by the bacteria to transmigrate are mostly speculative. Here, we studied the transmigration process of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a bacterium causing hospital-acquired acute and chronic infections. We found that bacteria exploits weakened cell-cell junctions of the epithelium, such as those generated at sites of cell division or when dying cells are extruded from the cell layer, to breach the cell layer, using specific virulence factors and motility appendages.
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50
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Yuan W, Pan QI, Chen G, Yan J, Xia J, Chen Y. E-cadherin expression in a rat model of acute pancreatitis. Exp Ther Med 2015; 10:2088-2092. [PMID: 26668600 PMCID: PMC4665705 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2015.2786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A clinical requirement exists for early biomarkers that can predict the severity of acute pancreatitis (AP). In order to determine whether E-cadherin is associated with the severity of AP, a pancreatitic rat model was established and the expression levels of E-cadherin were detected. A study population of 24 Sprague Dawley rats was administered intraperitoneal injections of various concentrations of L-arginine in order to induce pancreatitis. Rats were assigned to the severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) or mild acute pancreatitis (MAP) group based on the results of histological evaluations and the serum levels of amylase. An additional 8 rats received intraperitoneal injections of NaCl solution, as a control group. For each group, the serum concentrations of soluble E-cadherin and the expression levels of E-cadherin protein in the pancreatic tissue were detected. The results indicated that the rat model of pancreatitis was successfully established. Rats in the high concentration L-arginine treatment group, which exhibited a higher pancreatitis pathology score and level of serum amylase, were assigned to the SAP group. Low concentration L-arginine group rats were assigned to the MAP group. The pathology scores and levels of serum amylase in the SAP and MAP group rats were higher compared with the control group rats. The levels of serum E-cadherin were the most elevated in the SAP group. Statistically significant differences were detected in the SAP and MAP groups compared with the control group, and in the SAP group compared with the MAP group (P<0.05). Furthermore, the levels of E-cadherin protein in the pancreatic tissue were elevated in the SAP group compared with the MAP and control groups. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that E-cadherin was overexpressed in SAP rats, and the overexpression of E-cadherin may be associated with the severity of AP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihong Yuan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yixing People's Hospital, Yixing, Jiangsu 214200, P.R. China
| | - Q I Pan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yixing People's Hospital, Yixing, Jiangsu 214200, P.R. China
| | - Guochang Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yixing People's Hospital, Yixing, Jiangsu 214200, P.R. China
| | - Jun Yan
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Jiazeng Xia
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Wuxi Second Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214002, P.R. China
| | - Yigang Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Wuxi Second Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214002, P.R. China
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