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Liu X, de Bakker V, Heggenhougen MV, Mårli MT, Frøynes AH, Salehian Z, Porcellato D, Morales Angeles D, Veening JW, Kjos M. Genome-wide CRISPRi screens for high-throughput fitness quantification and identification of determinants for dalbavancin susceptibility in Staphylococcus aureus. mSystems 2024; 9:e0128923. [PMID: 38837392 PMCID: PMC11265419 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.01289-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance and tolerance remain a major problem for the treatment of staphylococcal infections. Identifying genes that influence antibiotic susceptibility could open the door to novel antimicrobial strategies, including targets for new synergistic drug combinations. Here, we developed a genome-wide CRISPR interference library for Staphylococcus aureus, demonstrated its use by quantifying gene fitness in different strains through CRISPRi-seq, and used it to identify genes that modulate susceptibility to the lipoglycopeptide dalbavancin. By exposing the library to sublethal concentrations of dalbavancin using both CRISPRi-seq and direct selection methods, we not only found genes previously reported to be involved in antibiotic susceptibility but also identified genes thus far unknown to affect antibiotic tolerance. Importantly, some of these genes could not have been detected by more conventional transposon-based knockout approaches because they are essential for growth, stressing the complementary value of CRISPRi-based methods. Notably, knockdown of a gene encoding the uncharacterized protein KapB specifically sensitizes the cells to dalbavancin, but not to other antibiotics of the same class, whereas knockdown of the Shikimate pathway showed the opposite effect. The results presented here demonstrate the promise of CRISPRi-seq screens to identify genes and pathways involved in antibiotic susceptibility and pave the way to explore alternative antimicrobial treatments through these insights.IMPORTANCEAntibiotic resistance is a challenge for treating staphylococcal infections. Identifying genes that affect how antibiotics work could help create new treatments. In our study, we made a CRISPR interference library for Staphylococcus aureus and used this to find which genes are critical for growth and also mapped genes that are important for antibiotic sensitivity, focusing on the lipoglycopeptide antibiotic dalbavancin. With this method, we identified genes that altered the sensitivity to dalbavancin upon knockdown, including genes involved in different cellular functions. CRISPRi-seq offers a means to uncover untapped antibiotic targets, including those that conventional screens would disregard due to their essentiality. This paves the way for the discovery of new ways to fight infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Liu
- Department of Pathogen, Biology, International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Department of Fundamental Microbiology, University of Lausanne, , Switzerland
| | - Vincent de Bakker
- Department of Fundamental Microbiology, University of Lausanne, , Switzerland
| | | | - Marita Torrissen Mårli
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Norway
| | - Anette Heidal Frøynes
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Norway
| | - Zhian Salehian
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Norway
| | - Davide Porcellato
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Norway
| | - Danae Morales Angeles
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Norway
| | - Jan-Willem Veening
- Department of Fundamental Microbiology, University of Lausanne, , Switzerland
| | - Morten Kjos
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Norway
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Yu J, Han W, Xu Y, Shen L, Zhao H, Zhang J, Xiao Y, Guo Y, Yu F. Biofilm-producing ability of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clinically isolated in China. BMC Microbiol 2024; 24:241. [PMID: 38961344 PMCID: PMC11223284 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-024-03380-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Staphylococcus aureus, a commensal bacterium, colonizes the skin and mucous membranes of approximately 30% of the human population. Apart from conventional resistance mechanisms, one of the pathogenic features of S. aureus is its ability to survive in a biofilm state on both biotic and abiotic surfaces. Due to this characteristic, S. aureus is a major cause of human infections, with Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) being a significant contributor to both community-acquired and hospital-acquired infections. RESULTS Analyzing non-repetitive clinical isolates of MRSA collected from seven provinces and cities in China between 2014 and 2020, it was observed that 53.2% of the MRSA isolates exhibited varying degrees of ability to produce biofilm. The biofilm positivity rate was notably high in MRSA isolates from Guangdong, Jiangxi, and Hubei. The predominant MRSA strains collected in this study were of sequence types ST59, ST5, and ST239, with the biofilm-producing capability mainly distributed among moderate and weak biofilm producers within these ST types. Notably, certain sequence types, such as ST88, exhibited a high prevalence of strong biofilm-producing strains. The study found that SCCmec IV was the predominant type among biofilm-positive MRSA, followed by SCCmec II. Comparing strains with weak and strong biofilm production capabilities, the positive rates of the sdrD and sdrE were higher in strong biofilm producers. The genetic determinants ebp, icaA, icaB, icaC, icaD, icaR, and sdrE were associated with strong biofilm production in MRSA. Additionally, biofilm-negative MRSA isolates showed higher sensitivity rates to cefalotin (94.8%), daptomycin (94.5%), mupirocin (86.5%), teicoplanin (94.5%), fusidic acid (81.0%), and dalbavancin (94.5%) compared to biofilm-positive MRSA isolates. The biofilm positivity rate was consistently above 50% in all collected specimen types. CONCLUSIONS MRSA strains with biofilm production capability warrant increased vigilance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weihua Han
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanlei Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Shen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huilin Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiao Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanghua Xiao
- School of Public Health, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yinjuan Guo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fangyou Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
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Korshoj LE, Kielian T. Bacterial single-cell RNA sequencing captures biofilm transcriptional heterogeneity and differential responses to immune pressure. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.28.601229. [PMID: 38979200 PMCID: PMC11230364 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.28.601229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Biofilm formation is an important mechanism of survival and persistence for many bacterial pathogens. These multicellular communities contain subpopulations of cells that display vast metabolic and transcriptional diversity along with high recalcitrance to antibiotics and host immune defenses. Investigating the complex heterogeneity within biofilm has been hindered by the lack of a sensitive and high-throughput method to assess stochastic transcriptional activity and regulation between bacterial subpopulations, which requires single-cell resolution. We have developed an optimized bacterial single-cell RNA sequencing method, BaSSSh-seq, to study Staphylococcus aureus diversity during biofilm growth and transcriptional adaptations following immune cell exposure. We validated the ability of BaSSSh-seq to capture extensive transcriptional heterogeneity during biofilm compared to planktonic growth. Application of new computational tools revealed transcriptional regulatory networks across the heterogeneous biofilm subpopulations and identification of gene sets that were associated with a trajectory from planktonic to biofilm growth. BaSSSh-seq also detected alterations in biofilm metabolism, stress response, and virulence that were tailored to distinct immune cell populations. This work provides an innovative platform to explore biofilm dynamics at single-cell resolution, unlocking the potential for identifying biofilm adaptations to environmental signals and immune pressure.
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Crepin DM, Chavignon M, Verhoeven PO, Laurent F, Josse J, Butin M. Staphylococcus capitis: insights into epidemiology, virulence, and antimicrobial resistance of a clinically relevant bacterial species. Clin Microbiol Rev 2024:e0011823. [PMID: 38899876 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00118-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
SUMMARYStaphylococcus capitis is divided into two subspecies, S. capitis subsp. ureolyticus (renamed urealyticus in 1992; ATCC 49326) and S. capitis subsp. capitis (ATCC 27840), and fits with the archetype of clinically relevant coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS). S. capitis is a commensal bacterium of the skin in humans, which must be considered an opportunistic pathogen of interest particularly as soon as it is identified in a clinically relevant specimen from an immunocompromised patient. Several studies have highlighted the potential determinants underlying S. capitis pathogenicity, resistance profiles, and virulence factors. In addition, mobile genetic element acquisitions and mutations contribute to S. capitis genome adaptation to its environment. Over the past decades, antibiotic resistance has been identified for S. capitis in almost all the families of the currently available antibiotics and is related to the emergence of multidrug-resistant clones of high clinical significance. The present review summarizes the current knowledge concerning the taxonomic position of S. capitis among staphylococci, the involvement of this species in human colonization and diseases, the virulence factors supporting its pathogenicity, and the phenotypic and genomic antimicrobial resistance profiles of this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah M Crepin
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Staphylococcal pathogenesis team, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR 5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Marie Chavignon
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Staphylococcal pathogenesis team, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR 5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Paul O Verhoeven
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, GIMAP Team, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR 5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Jean Monnet, St-Etienne, France
- Service des agents infectieux et d'hygiène, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de St-Etienne, St-Etienne, France
| | - Frédéric Laurent
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Staphylococcal pathogenesis team, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR 5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Institut des Agents Infectieux, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Centre National de Référence des Staphylocoques, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Jérôme Josse
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Staphylococcal pathogenesis team, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR 5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Marine Butin
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Staphylococcal pathogenesis team, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR 5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Service de Néonatologie et Réanimation Néonatale, Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France
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Rossi CC, Ahmad F, Giambiagi-deMarval M. Staphylococcus haemolyticus: An updated review on nosocomial infections, antimicrobial resistance, virulence, genetic traits, and strategies for combating this emerging opportunistic pathogen. Microbiol Res 2024; 282:127652. [PMID: 38432015 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2024.127652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Staphylococcus haemolyticus, a key species of the Staphylococcus genus, holds significant importance in healthcare-associated infections, due to its notable resistance to antimicrobials, like methicillin, and proficient biofilms-forming capabilities. This coagulase-negative bacterium poses a substantial challenge in the battle against nosocomial infections. Recent research has shed light on Staph. haemolyticus genomic plasticity, unveiling genetic elements responsible for antibiotic resistance and their widespread dissemination within the genus. This review presents an updated and comprehensive overview of the clinical significance and prevalence of Staph. haemolyticus, underscores its zoonotic potential and relevance in the one health framework, explores crucial virulence factors, and examines genetics features contributing to its success in causing emergent and challenging infections. Additionally, we scrutinize ongoing studies aimed at controlling spread and alternative approaches for combating it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciro César Rossi
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, MG, Brazil.
| | - Faizan Ahmad
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, MG, Brazil
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Chan YL, Chee CF, Tang SN, Tay ST. Unveilling genetic profiles and correlations of biofilm-associated genes, quorum sensing, and antibiotic resistance in Staphylococcus aureus isolated from a Malaysian Teaching Hospital. Eur J Med Res 2024; 29:246. [PMID: 38649897 PMCID: PMC11036768 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-024-01831-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Staphylococcus aureus is a notorious multidrug resistant pathogen prevalent in healthcare facilities worldwide. Unveiling the mechanisms underlying biofilm formation, quorum sensing and antibiotic resistance can help in developing more effective therapy for S. aureus infection. There is a scarcity of literature addressing the genetic profiles and correlations of biofilm-associated genes, quorum sensing, and antibiotic resistance among S. aureus isolates from Malaysia. METHODS Biofilm and slime production of 68 methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) and 54 methicillin-resistant (MRSA) isolates were determined using a a plate-based crystal violet assay and Congo Red agar method, respectively. The minimum inhibitory concentration values against 14 antibiotics were determined using VITEK® AST-GP67 cards and interpreted according to CLSI-M100 guidelines. Genetic profiling of 11 S. aureus biofilm-associated genes and agr/sar quorum sensing genes was performed using single or multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays. RESULTS In this study, 75.9% (n = 41) of MRSA and 83.8% (n = 57) of MSSA isolates showed strong biofilm-forming capabilities. Intermediate slime production was detected in approximately 70% of the isolates. Compared to MSSA, significantly higher resistance of clindamycin, erythromycin, and fluoroquinolones was noted among the MRSA isolates. The presence of intracellular adhesion A (icaA) gene was detected in all S. aureus isolates. All MSSA isolates harbored the laminin-binding protein (eno) gene, while all MRSA isolates harbored intracellular adhesion D (icaD), clumping factors A and B (clfA and clfB) genes. The presence of agrI and elastin-binding protein (ebpS) genes was significantly associated with biofilm production in MSSA and MRSA isolates, respectively. In addition, agrI gene was also significantly correlated with oxacillin, cefoxitin, and fluoroquinolone resistance. CONCLUSIONS The high prevalence of biofilm and slime production among MSSA and MRSA isolates correlates well with the detection of a high prevalence of biofilm-associated genes and agr quorum sensing system. A significant association of agrI gene was found with cefoxitin, oxacillin, and fluoroquinolone resistance. A more focused approach targeting biofilm-associated and quorum sensing genes is important in developing new surveillance and treatment strategies against S. aureus biofilm infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Li Chan
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chin Fei Chee
- Nanotechnology and Catalysis Research Centre, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Soo Nee Tang
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Sun Tee Tay
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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7
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Yang B, Wang D, Yu S, Zhang C, Ai J, Yu X. Breaking CHIPS-Mediated immune evasion with tripterin to promote neutrophil chemotaxis against MRSA infection. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 129:111597. [PMID: 38295543 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Neutrophils are the most important innate immune cells in host defense against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). However, MRSA orchestrates precise and timely expression of a series of virulence factors, especially the chemotaxis inhibitory protein of Staphylococcus aureus (CHIPS), to evade neutrophil-mediated host defenses. Here, we demonstrated that tripterin, a plant-derived bioactive pentacyclic triterpenoid, had a low minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 1.28 µg/mL and displayed excellent anti-MRSA activity in vitro and in vivo. RNA-seq and further knockdown experiments revealed that tripterin could dramatically downregulate the expression of CHIPS by regulating the SaeRS two-component regulatory system, thereby enhancing the chemotactic response of neutrophils. Furthermore, tripterin also displayed a potential inhibitory effect on biofilm components to enhance neutrophil infiltration into the interior of the biofilm. In a mouse bacteremia model, tripterin could still maintain an excellent therapeutic effect that was significantly better than that of the traditional antibiotic vancomycin. Overall, these results suggest that tripterin possesses a superior antibacterial activity via breaking CHIPS-mediated immune evasion to promote neutrophil chemotaxis, thus providing a novel strategy for combating serious pathogenic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoye Yang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Decheng Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Shi Yu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Chengwei Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Jing Ai
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China; Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Hainan Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Hainan University, China
| | - Xiang Yu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China; Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Hainan Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Hainan University, China.
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Bhattacharya M, Horswill AR. The role of human extracellular matrix proteins in defining Staphylococcus aureus biofilm infections. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2024; 48:fuae002. [PMID: 38337187 PMCID: PMC10873506 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuae002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Twenty to forty one percent of the world's population is either transiently or permanently colonized by the Gram-positive bacterium, Staphylococcus aureus. In 2017, the CDC designated methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) as a serious threat, reporting ∼300 000 cases of MRSA-associated hospitalizations annually, resulting in over 19 000 deaths, surpassing that of HIV in the USA. S. aureus is a proficient biofilm-forming organism that rapidly acquires resistance to antibiotics, most commonly methicillin (MRSA). This review focuses on a large group of (>30) S. aureus adhesins, either surface-associated or secreted that are designed to specifically bind to 15 or more of the proteins that form key components of the human extracellular matrix (hECM). Importantly, this includes hECM proteins that are pivotal to the homeostasis of almost every tissue environment [collagen (skin), proteoglycans (lung), hemoglobin (blood), elastin, laminin, fibrinogen, fibronectin, and fibrin (multiple organs)]. These adhesins offer S. aureus the potential to establish an infection in every sterile tissue niche. These infections often endure repeated immune onslaught, developing into chronic, biofilm-associated conditions that are tolerant to ∼1000 times the clinically prescribed dose of antibiotics. Depending on the infection and the immune response, this allows S. aureus to seamlessly transition from colonizer to pathogen by subtly manipulating the host against itself while providing the time and stealth that it requires to establish and persist as a biofilm. This is a comprehensive discussion of the interaction between S. aureus biofilms and the hECM. We provide particular focus on the role of these interactions in pathogenesis and, consequently, the clinical implications for the prevention and treatment of S. aureus biofilm infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohini Bhattacharya
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, United States
| | - Alexander R Horswill
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, United States
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Eastern Colorado Health Care System, Aurora, CO 80045, United States
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Agyirifo DS, Mensah TA, Senya ASY, Hounkpe A, Dornyoh CD, Otwe EP. Dynamics of antimicrobial resistance and virulence of staphylococcal species isolated from foods traded in the Cape Coast metropolitan and Elmina municipality of Ghana. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21584. [PMID: 38027608 PMCID: PMC10663863 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The impact of staphylococci on food poisoning and infections could be higher than previously reported. In this study, we characterised the occurrence and coexistence of antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes of staphylococci isolates in foods. Staphylococci were isolated from 236 samples of selected street-vended foods and identified. The pattern of antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes in the staphylococci were assessed using disc diffusion, PCR and analysis of next-generation sequencing data. The food samples (70.76 %) showed a high prevalence of staphylococci and differed among the food categories. Forty-five Staphylococcus species were identified and comprised coagulase-negative and positive species. Staphylococcus sciuri (now Mammaliicoccus sciuri), S. aureus, S. kloosii, S. xylosus, S. saprophyticus, S. haemolyticus and S. succinus were the most abundant species. The staphylococcal isolates exhibited resistance to tetracycline, levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, gentamicin and amikacin and susceptibility to nitrofurantoin. Antimicrobial susceptibilities were also reported for cefoperazone, ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, nalidixic acid and piperacillin-tazobactam. The antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes commonly detected consisted of tet, arl, macB, van, gyr, nor, optrA, bcrA, blaZ, taeA and S. aureus lmrS. The isolates frequently exhibited multiple resistance (30.42 %) of up to eight antimicrobial drug classes. The isolates predominantly harboured genes that express efflux pump proteins (50.53 %) for antibiotic resistance compared with inactivation (10.05 %), target alteration (26.72 %), protection (7.67 %) and replacement (3.17 %). The virulence determinants comprised genes of pyrogenic toxin superantigens (eta, etb, tst), adhesions (clf, fnbA, fnbB, cna, map, ebp, spA, vWbp, coa) and genes that express exoproteins (nuclease, metalloprotease, γ-hemolysin, hyaluronate lyase). There was a statistically significant difference in the prevalence of staphylococci isolates and their antimicrobial resistance and virulence profile as revealed by the phenotypic, PCR and next-generation sequencing techniques. The findings suggest a higher health risk for consumers. We recommend a critical need for awareness and antimicrobial susceptibility and anti-virulence strategies to ensure food safety and counteract the spread of this clinically relevant genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Sakyi Agyirifo
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Theophilus Abonyi Mensah
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Andrews Senyenam Yao Senya
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Alphonse Hounkpe
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Cindy Deladem Dornyoh
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Emmanuel Plas Otwe
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
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Bogut A, Koper P, Marczak M, Całka P. The first genomic characterization of a stable, hemin-dependent small colony variant strain of Staphylococcus epidermidis isolated from a prosthetic-joint infection. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1289844. [PMID: 37928677 PMCID: PMC10620731 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1289844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Phenotype switching from a wild type (WT) to a slow-growing subpopulation, referred to as small colony variants (SCVs), supports an infectious lifestyle of Staphylococcus epidermidis, the leading cause of medical device-related infections. Specific mechanisms underlying formation of SCVs and involved in the shaping of their pathogenic potential are of particular interest for stable strains as they have been only rarely cultured from clinical specimens. As the SCV phenotype stability implies the existence of genetic changes, the whole genome sequence of a stable, hemin-dependent S. epidermidis SCV strain (named 49SCV) involved in a late prosthetic joint infection was analyzed. The strain was isolated in a monoculture without a corresponding WT clone, therefore, its genome was compared against five reference S. epidermidis strains (ATCC12228, ATCC14990, NBRC113846, O47, and RP62A), both at the level of the genome structure and coding sequences. According to the Multilocus Sequence Typing analysis, the 49SCV strain represented the sequence type 2 (ST2) regarded as the most prominent infection-causing lineage with a worldwide dissemination. Genomic features unique to 49SCV included the absence of the Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome (SCC), ~12 kb deletion with the loss of genes involved in the arginine deiminase pathway, and frameshift-generating mutations within the poly(A) and poly(T) homopolymeric tracts. Indels were identified in loci associated with adherence, metabolism, stress response, virulence, and cell wall synthesis. Of note, deletion in the poly(A) of the hemA gene has been considered a possible trigger factor for the phenotype transition and hemin auxotrophy in the strain. To our knowledge, the study represents the first genomic characterization of a clinical, stable and hemin-dependent S. epidermidis SCV strain. We propose that previously unreported indels in the homopolymeric tracts can constitute a background of the SCV phenotype due to a resulting truncation of the corresponding proteins and their possible biological dysfunction. Streamline of genetic content evidenced by the loss of the SCC and a large genomic deletion can represent a possible strategy associated both with the SCV phenotype and its adaptation to chronicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Bogut
- Chair and Department of Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Piotr Koper
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Lublin, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Marczak
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Lublin, Poland
| | - Paulina Całka
- Chair and Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
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Vo LH, Hong S, Stepler KE, Liyanaarachchi SM, Yang J, Nemes P, Poulin MB. Mapping protein-exopolysaccharide binding interaction in Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilms by live cell proximity labeling. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.29.555326. [PMID: 37693546 PMCID: PMC10491226 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.29.555326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial biofilms consist of cells encased in an extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) composed of exopolysaccharides, extracellular DNA, and proteins that are critical for cell-cell adhesion and protect the cells from environmental stress, antibiotic treatments, and the host immune response. Degrading EPS components or blocking their production have emerged as promising strategies for prevention or dispersal of bacterial biofilms, but we still have little information about the specific biomolecular interactions that occur between cells and EPS components and how those interactions contribute to biofilm production. Staphylococcus epidermidis is a leading cause of nosocomial infections as a result of producing biofilms that use the exopolysaccharide poly-(1→6)-β-N-acetylglucosamine (PNAG) as a major structural component. In this study, we have developed a live cell proximity labeling approach combined with quantitative mass spectrometry-based proteomics to map the PNAG interactome of live S. epidermidis biofilms. Through these measurements we discovered elastin-binding protein (EbpS) as a major PNAG-interacting protein. Using live cell binding measurements, we found that the lysin motif (LysM) domain of EbpS specifically binds to PNAG present in S. epidermidis biofilms. Our work provides a novel method for the rapid identification of exopolysaccharide-binding proteins in live biofilms that will help to extend our understanding of the biomolecular interactions that are required for bacterial biofilm formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luan H. Vo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Steven Hong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Kaitlyn E. Stepler
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Sureshee M. Liyanaarachchi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Jack Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Peter Nemes
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Myles B. Poulin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
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Phenotypic and molecular detection of biofilm formation in clinical methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates from Malaysia. JOURNAL OF TAIBAH UNIVERSITY FOR SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/16583655.2022.2147387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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13
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Rodrigues RA, Pizauro LJL, Varani ADM, de Almeida CC, Silva SR, Cardozo MV, MacInnes JI, Kropinski AM, Melo PDC, Ávila FA. Comparative genomics study of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from cattle and humans reveals virulence patterns exclusively associated with bovine clinical mastitis strains. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1033675. [PMID: 36419431 PMCID: PMC9676464 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1033675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus causes nosocomial and intramammary infections in humans and cattle, respectively. A large number of virulence factors are thought to play important roles in the pathogenesis of this bacterium. Currently, genome-wide and data-analysis studies are being used to better understand its epidemiology. In this study, we conducted a genome wide comparison and phylogenomic analyses of S. aureus to find specific virulence patterns associated with clinical and subclinical mastitis strains in cattle and compare them with those of human origin. The presence/absence of key virulence factors such as adhesin, biofilm, antimicrobial resistance, and toxin genes, as well as the phylogeny and sequence type of the isolates were evaluated. A total of 248 genomes (27 clinical mastitis, 43 subclinical mastitis, 21 milk, 53 skin-related abscesses, 49 skin infections, and 55 pus from cellulitis) isolated from 32 countries were evaluated. We found that the cflA, fnbA, ebpS, spa, sdrC, coa, emp, vWF, atl, sasH, sasA, and sasF adhesion genes, as well as the aur, hglA, hglB, and hglC toxin genes were highly associated in clinical mastitis strains. The strains had diverse genetic origins (72 protein A and 48 sequence types with ST97, ST8 and ST152 being frequent in isolates from clinical mastitis, abscess, and skin infection, respectively). Further, our phylogenomic analyses suggested that zoonotic and/or zooanthroponotic transmission may have occurred. These findings contribute to a better understanding of S. aureus epidemiology and the relationships between adhesion mechanisms, biofilm formation, antimicrobial resistance, and toxins and could aid in the development of improved vaccines and strain genotyping methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romário Alves Rodrigues
- Department of Reproduction Pathology and One Health, Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucas José Luduverio Pizauro
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Santa Cruz State University, Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology, Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alessandro de Mello Varani
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology, Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Camila Chioda de Almeida
- Department of Reproduction Pathology and One Health, Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Saura Rodrigues Silva
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology, Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marita Vedovelli Cardozo
- Laboratory of Microorganism Physiology, Minas Gerais State University, Passos, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Janet I. MacInnes
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Andrew M. Kropinski
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
- Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Poliana de Castro Melo
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Santa Cruz State University, Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Fernando Antonio Ávila
- Department of Reproduction Pathology and One Health, Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
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Lin T, Huang L, Cheng N, Wang Y, Ning Z, Huang S, Wu Y, Chen T, Su S, Lin Y. The in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities of uniflorous honey from a medicinal plant, Scrophularia ningpoensis Hemsl., and characterization of its chemical profile with UPLC-MS/MS. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 296:115499. [PMID: 35752262 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE According to the Compendium of Materia Medica, honey has been used as a traditional medicine in treatment against mucositis, tinea, hemorrhoids and psoriasis. In complementary medicine, due to its significant antimicrobial activity, honey has been widely used as a remedy for skin wounds and gastrohelcosis for thousands of years. AIM OF THE STUDY This study is aimed at exploring the antimicrobial activity and mechanisms of honey sourced from medicinal plants, and revealing the composition-activity relationship, to facilitate their complementary and alternative application in the therapy of bacterial infectious diseases. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eight kinds of medicinal plant-derived uniflorous honey, native to China, were gathered. Their antimicrobial activities were evaluated in vitro, and then in vivo with the systemically infected mouse model and the acute skin infection model. SYTOX uptake assay, scanning electron microscopy, DNA binding assay, and quantitative real-time PCR, were carried out to elucidate the antibacterial mechanisms. This was followed by an investigation of the componential profile with the UPLC-MS/MS technique. RESULTS It was found that Scrophularia ningpoensis Hemsl. (figwort) honey (S. ningpoensis honey) exhibited broad-spectrum and the strongest antibacterial potency (MICs of 7.81-125.00%, w/v), comparable to manuka honey. In the in vivo assays, S. ningpoensis honey significantly decreased the bacterial load of the muscles under the acute MRSA-infected skin wounds; the sera level of TNF-α in the S. aureus and P. aeruginosa-infected mice decreased by 45.38% and 51.75%, respectively, after the treatment of S. ningpoensis honey (125 mg/10 g). It was capable of killing bacteria through disrupting the cell membranes and the genomic DNA, as well as down-regulating the expression of genes associated with virulence, biofilm formation and invasion, including icaA, icaD, eno, sarA, agrA, sigB, fib and ebps in S. aureus, and lasI, lasR, rhlI, rhlR and algC in P. aeruginosa. Apart from H2O2, some other nonperoxide compounds such as adenosine, chavicol, 4-methylcatechol, trehalose, palmitoleic acid and salidroside, might play a vital role in the antibacterial properties of S. ningpoensis honey. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to thoroughly investigate the antibacterial activity, mode of action, and componential profile of S. ningpoensis honey. It suggested that S. ningpoensis honey might be a potential supplement or substitute for manuka honey, for the prevention or treatment of bacterial infections. It will facilitate the precise application of medicinal plant-sourced honey, provide a new thread for the development of antibacterial drugs, and assist in the distinction of different kinds of honey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianxing Lin
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China; College of Marine Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Lei Huang
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Ningna Cheng
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Yuzhen Wang
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Zhen Ning
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Shaokang Huang
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Yuanhua Wu
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Tianbao Chen
- Natural Drug Discovery Group, School of Pharmacy, Queen's University, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Songkun Su
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
| | - Yan Lin
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China; College of Marine Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
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15
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Pant N, Miranda-Hernandez S, Rush C, Warner J, Eisen DP. Effect of savirin in the prevention of biofilm-related Staphylococcus aureus prosthetic joint infection. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:989417. [PMID: 36188545 PMCID: PMC9521501 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.989417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Most of the arthroplasty surgery failure due to prosthetic joint infections (PJI) is caused by biofilm-associated Staphylococcus aureus. In a recent experimental study, savirin has been used to prevent and treat S. aureus skin infections in animal models. We explored the application of savirin in a PJI mouse model to determine its utility as an adjunct therapy to prevent PJI. Materials and methods: The in-vitro antibacterial and antibiofilm activity of savirin, with or without antibiotics (cefazolin, rifampicin, and vancomycin), against S. aureus were investigated using broth microdilution and crystal violet staining method, respectively. The effect of savirin treatment on the expression of the key biofilm-related genes (icaA, icaD, eno, fib, ebps, and agr) in S. aureus was studied using quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRTPCR). The in-vivo efficacy of savirin alone and with cefazolin to prevent S. aureus PJI was determined using a clinically relevant PJI mouse model. Mice were randomized into five groups (n = 8/group): 1) infected K-wire savirin treated group, 2) infected K-wire cefazolin treated group, 3) infected K-wire savirin plus cefazolin treated group, 4) infected K-wire PBS treated group, 5) sterile K-wire group. Savirin was administered subcutaneously immediately post-surgery and intravenous cefazolin was given on day seven. Results: Savirin inhibited planktonic and biofilm in-vitro growth of S. aureus, showed enhanced inhibitory activity when combined with antibiotics, and down-regulated the expression of key S. aureus biofilm-related genes (icaA, icaD, eno, fib, ebps, and agr). Savirin significantly reduced bacterial counts on joint implants in comparison with the PBS treated control, while savirin plus cefazolin reduced bacterial counts on both implants and peri-prosthetic tissues. Conclusion: Savirin adjuvant therapy may prevent biofilm formation and S. aureus PJI. This study gives baseline data for using savirin for the prevention as well as treatment of S. aureus PJI in future animal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narayan Pant
- College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, Townsville, QLD, Australia
- *Correspondence: Narayan Pant,
| | | | - Catherine Rush
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Jeffrey Warner
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Damon P. Eisen
- College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
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Gong H, Chen L, He Y, Hua K, Ma B, Gao Y, Xu X, Hu X, Jin H. Pleural thickening induced by Glaesserella parasuis infection was linked to increased collagen and elastin. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:952377. [PMID: 36034702 PMCID: PMC9409878 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.952377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Glaesserella parasuis is well-known for causing Glässer’s disease, which costs the worldwide swine industry millions of dollars each year. It has been reported the symptom of pleural thickening during Glässer’s disease but this symptom has received little attention. And there is no research on the elements which promote pleural thickening. In this study, pleural thickening was discovered to be associated with increased collagen fibers and elastic fibers. Furthermore, collagen-I and elastin were found to be up-regulated and concentrated in the pleura at the mRNA and protein levels following infection. To summarize, our findings add to the theoretical understanding of Glässer’s disease and provide strong support for further research into the pathogenic mechanism of Glaesserella parasuis and the program’s target treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Animal Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Liying Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Animal Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanling He
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Animal Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Kexin Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Animal Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Animal Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Animal Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaojuan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Xueying Hu
- College of Animal Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Animal Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Hui Jin,
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Pant N, Miranda-Hernandez S, Rush C, Warner J, Eisen DP. Non-Antimicrobial Adjuvant Therapy Using Ticagrelor Reduced Biofilm-Related Staphylococcus aureus Prosthetic Joint Infection. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:927783. [PMID: 35846990 PMCID: PMC9284533 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.927783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Prosthetic joint infection (PJI), frequently caused by Staphylococcus aureus, leads to a significant arthroplasty failure rate. Biofilm is a crucial virulence factor of S. aureus that is intrinsic to the pathogenesis of PJI. Biofilm-related infections are recalcitrant to antibiotic treatment. Surgical and antibiotic therapy could be combined with non-antibacterial adjuvants to improve overall treatment success. Ticagrelor, a P2Y12 receptor inhibitor antiplatelet drug, is known to have anti-staphylococcal antibacterial and antibiofilm activity. However, the molecular mechanism for ticagrelor’s antibiofilm activity and its efficacy in the treatment of S. aureus PJI are unknown.Methods: To study the in vitro antibacterial and antibiofilm activity of ticagrelor, broth microdilution and crystal violet staining method were used. Ticagrelor’s effect on the expression of S. aureus biofilm genes (icaA, icaD, ebps, fib, eno, and agr) was studied using the relative quantification method. To test ticagrelor’s in vivo efficacy to treat S. aureus PJI, mice were randomized into five groups (n = 8/group): infected femoral implants treated with ticagrelor alone; infected implants treated with cefazolin alone; infected implants treated with ticagrelor and cefazolin; infected implants treated with phosphate buffer solution (PBS)-positive controls, and sterile implants-negative controls. Ticagrelor was administered orally from day 4 to day 7 post-surgery, while cefazolin was injected intravenously on day 7.Results: Ticagrelor, alone and with selected antibiotics, showed in vitro antibacterial and antibiofilm activity against S. aureus. Strain-specific downregulation of biofilm-related genes, fib, icaD, ebps, and eno, was shown. In an animal model of biofilm-related S. aureus PJI, ticagrelor alone and combined with cefazolin significantly reduced bacterial concentrations on the implants compared with the positive control group. Ticagrelor significantly reduced bacterial dissemination to periprosthetic tissue compared with the positive controls.Conclusion: Ticagrelor adjuvant therapy reduced S. aureus PJI in an animal model. However, this study is very preliminary to make a conclusion on the clinical implication of the findings. Based on the current results, more studies are recommended to better understand its implication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narayan Pant
- College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, Townsville, QLD, Australia
- *Correspondence: Narayan Pant,
| | | | - Catherine Rush
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Jeffrey Warner
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Damon P. Eisen
- College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
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The Frequency of Occurrence of Resistance and Genes Involved in the Process of Adhesion and Accumulation of Biofilm in Staphylococcus aureus Strains Isolated from Tracheostomy Tubes. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10061210. [PMID: 35744728 PMCID: PMC9227992 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10061210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Bacterial biofilm on the surface of tracheostomy tubes (TTs) is a potential reservoir of potentially pathogenic bacteria, including S. aureus. For this reason, our study aimed to investigate biofilm production in vitro and the presence of icaAD and MSCRAMM genes in clinical S. aureus strains derived from TTs, with respect to antibiotic resistance and genetic variability. Methods: The clonality of the S. aureus strains was analyzed by the PFGE method. The assessment of drug resistance was based on the EUCAST recommendations. The isolates were evaluated for biofilm production by the microtiter plate method and the slime-forming ability was tested on Congo red agar (CRA). The presence of icaAD genes was investigated by PCR and MSCRAMM genes were detected by multiplex PCR. Results: A total of 60 patients were enrolled in the study. One TT was obtained from each patient (n = 60). Twenty-one TTs (35%) were colonized with S. aureus. A total of 24 strains were isolated as 3 patients showed colonization with 2 SA clones (as confirmed by PFGE). PFGE showed twenty-two unique molecular profiles. Two isolates (8%) turned out to be MRSA, but 50% were resistant to chloramphenicol, 25% to erythromycin and 8% to clindamycin (two cMLSB and four iMLSB phenotypes were detected). The microtiter plate method with crystal violet confirmed that 96% of the strains were biofilm formers. Representative strains were visualized by SEM. All isolates had clfAB, fnbA, ebpS and icaAD. Different MSCRAMM gene combinations were observed. Conclusions: the present study showed that the S. aureus isolated from the TTs has a high diversity of genotypes, a high level of antibiotic resistance and ability to produce biofilm.
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Azara E, Longheu CM, Attene S, Sanna S, Sale M, Addis MF, Tola S. Comparative profiling of agr locus, virulence, and biofilm-production genes of human and ovine non-aureus staphylococci. BMC Vet Res 2022; 18:212. [PMID: 35655210 PMCID: PMC9161600 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03257-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In a collaboration between animal and human health care professionals, we assessed the genetic characteristics shared by non-aureus staphylococci (NAS) infecting humans and dairy ewes to investigate their relatedness in a region concentrating half of the total National sheep stock. We examined by PCR 125 ovine and 70 human NAS for biofilm production, pyrogenic toxins, adhesins, autolysins genes, and accessory gene regulator (agr) locus. The microtiter plate assay (MPA) was used for the phenotypic screening of biofilm production. Ovine NAS included S. epidermidis, S. chromogenes, S. haemolyticus, S. simulans, S. caprae, S. warneri, S. saprophyticus, S. intermedius, and S. muscae. Human NAS included S. haemolyticus, S. epidermidis, S. hominis, S. lugdunensis, S. capitis, S. warneri, S. xylosus, S. pasteuri, and S. saprophyticus subsp. bovis. Results Phenotypically, 41 (32.8%) ovine and 24 (34.3%) human isolates were characterized as biofilm producers. Of the ovine isolates, 12 were classified as biofilm-producing while the remaining 29 as weak biofilm-producing. All 24 human isolates were considered weak biofilm-producing. Few S. epidermidis isolates harbored the icaA/D genes coding for the polysaccharide intercellular adhesin (PIA), while the bhp, aap, and embp genes coding biofilm accumulation proteins were present in both non-producing and biofilm-producing isolates. Fifty-nine sheep NAS (all S. epidermidis, 1 S. chromogenes, and 1 S. haemolyticus) and 27 human NAS (all S. epidermidis and 1 S. warneri) were positive for the agr locus: agr-3se (57.8%) followed by agr-1se (36.8%) predominated in sheep, while agr-1se (65.4%), followed by agr-2se (34.6%) predominated in humans. Concerning virulence genes, 40, 39.2, 47.2%, 52.8, 80 and 43.2% of the sheep isolates carried atlE, aae, sdrF, sdrG, eno and epbS respectively, against 37.1, 42.8, 32.8, 60, 100 and 100% of human isolates. Enterotoxins and tsst were not detected. Conclusions Considerable variation in biofilm formation ability was observed among NAS isolates from ovine and human samples. S. epidermidis was the best biofilm producer with the highest prevalence of adhesin-encoding genes. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12917-022-03257-w.
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Alabdullatif M, Alzahrani A. Expression of biofilm-associated genes in Staphylococcus aureus during storage of platelet concentrates. Transfus Apher Sci 2022; 61:103456. [DOI: 10.1016/j.transci.2022.103456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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The prevalence of virulence determinants in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from different infections in hospitalized patients in Poland. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5477. [PMID: 35361858 PMCID: PMC8971418 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09517-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is responsible for hard-to-treat infections. The presence of 19 virulence genes in 120 MRSA isolates obtained from hospitalized patients and genetic relationships of these isolates were investigated. The eno (100%) and ebps (93.3%) genes encoding laminin- and elastin binding proteins, respectively, were ubiquitous. Other adhesion genes: fib (77.5%), fnbB (41.6%), bbp (40.8%), cna (30.8%) encoding proteins binding fibrinogen, fibronectin, bone sialoprotein and collagen, respectively, and map/eap (62.5%), encoding Eap, were also frequent. The etB and etD genes, encoding exfoliative toxins, were present in 15.6% and 12.5% isolates, respectively. The splA, splE and sspA, encoding serine protease were detected in 100%, 70.8% and 94.2% isolates, respectively. The tst gene, encoding toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 was found in 75% isolates. The cna, map/eap and tst genes were the most common in wound isolates and much less common in blood isolates. We identified 45 different spa types, t003 (21.7%) and t008 (18.8%) being the most common. The t003 was the most frequent among isolates from the respiratory tract (35.5%), while t008 in blood isolates (40%). Identification of virulence factors of MRSA is important for evaluation of pathogen transmission rate and disease development.
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22
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Four temporin-derived peptides exhibit antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities against methicillin-resistant. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2022; 54:350-360. [PMID: 35538042 PMCID: PMC9828137 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2022013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Temporin-GHa (GHa) was cloned from , showing a weak antimicrobial activity. In order to improve its bactericidal efficacy, GHaR6R, GHaR7R, GHaR8R and GHaR9W were designed and synthesized. Compared to the parent peptide, the GHa-derived peptides show potent antimicrobial activities against methicillin-resistant (MRSA), which is the main pathogen with high morbidity and mortality that causes various infections in humans. These peptides exert bactericidal actions on MRSA by permeabilizing the cytoplasmic membranes and damaging membrane integrity. All of the four peptides exhibit excellent stability under harsh conditions, including extreme temperature and salts. Furthermore, they inhibit the formation of biofilm and eradicate mature biofilm of MRSA. The GHa-derived peptides decrease bacterial surface hydrophobicity, autoaggregation and polysaccharide intercellular adhesion synthesis in concentration-dependent manner. Real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR analysis revealed that the peptides downregulate the expression of adhesion genes involved in biofilm formation. Except for GHaR7R, the other three peptides have low hemolytic toxicity against human erythrocytes. In the presence of human erythrocytes, GHaR7R, GHaR8R and GHaR9W interact with MRSA preferentially. GHaR6R, GHaR8R and GHaR9W show less toxicity toward normal cells HL-7702 and hFOB1.19. These results suggest that the GHa-derived peptides may be promising antimicrobial candidates against MRSA infections.
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Jahantigh HR, Faezi S, Habibi M, Mahdavi M, Stufano A, Lovreglio P, Ahmadi K. The Candidate Antigens to Achieving an Effective Vaccine against Staphylococcus aureus. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10020199. [PMID: 35214658 PMCID: PMC8876328 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10020199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is an opportunistic pathogen that causes various inflammatory local infections, from those of the skin to postinfectious glomerulonephritis. These infections could result in serious threats, putting the life of the patient in danger. Antibiotic-resistant S. aureus could lead to dramatic increases in human mortality. Antibiotic resistance would explicate the failure of current antibiotic therapies. So, it is obvious that an effective vaccine against S. aureus infections would significantly reduce costs related to care in hospitals. Bacterial vaccines have important impacts on morbidity and mortality caused by several common pathogens, however, a prophylactic vaccine against staphylococci has not yet been produced. During the last decades, the efforts to develop an S. aureus vaccine have faced two major failures in clinical trials. New strategies for vaccine development against S. aureus has supported the use of multiple antigens, the inclusion of adjuvants, and the focus on various virulence mechanisms. We aimed to present a compressive review of different antigens of S. aureus and also to introduce vaccine candidates undergoing clinical trials, from which can help us to choose a suitable and effective candidate for vaccine development against S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Reza Jahantigh
- Animal Health and Zoonosis, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, 70010 Bari, Italy;
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Section of Occupational Medicine, University of Bari, 70010 Bari, Italy;
- Correspondence: (H.R.J.); (K.A.); Tel.: +39-3773827669 (H.R.J.)
| | - Sobhan Faezi
- Medical Biotechnology Research Center, School of Paramedicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht 41937, Iran;
| | - Mehri Habibi
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Pasteur Ave., Tehran 13164, Iran;
| | - Mehdi Mahdavi
- Advanced Therapy Medicinal Product (ATMP) Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Tehran 1517964311, Iran
- Recombinant Vaccine Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 13164, Iran;
| | - Angela Stufano
- Animal Health and Zoonosis, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, 70010 Bari, Italy;
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Section of Occupational Medicine, University of Bari, 70010 Bari, Italy;
| | - Piero Lovreglio
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Section of Occupational Medicine, University of Bari, 70010 Bari, Italy;
| | - Khadijeh Ahmadi
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas 79391, Iran
- Correspondence: (H.R.J.); (K.A.); Tel.: +39-3773827669 (H.R.J.)
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24
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Lapa SA, Miftakhov RA, Klochikhina ES, Ammur YI, Blagodatskikh SA, Shershov VE, Zasedatelev AS, Chudinov AV. Development of Multiplex RT-PCR with Immobilized Primers for Identification of Infectious Human Pneumonia Pathogens. Mol Biol 2021; 55:828-838. [PMID: 34955557 PMCID: PMC8682033 DOI: 10.1134/s0026893321040063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A prototype of a system for the detection of infectious human pneumonia pathogens based on multiplex solid-phase reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) was developed. Primers were designed to identify the DNA of six bacterial pneumonia pathogen strains, and the RNA of two viral pathogens of pneumonia: influenza A and SARS-CoV-2. The signal accumulation of elongated immobilized primers occurs due to the incorporation of fluorescently labeled nucleotides in the chain. The signal is detected after all the components of the mixture are removed, which significantly reduces the background signal and increases the sensitivity of the analysis. The use of a specialized detector makes it possible to read the signals of elongated primers directly through the transparent cover film of the reaction chamber. This solution is designed to prevent cross-contamination and is suitable for simultaneous testing of a large number of test samples. The proposed platform is able to detect the presence of several pathogens of pneumonia in a sample and has an open architecture that allows expansion of the range of pathogenic bacteria and viruses that can be detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Lapa
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - R A Miftakhov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - E S Klochikhina
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yu I Ammur
- Mechnikov Institute of Vaccines and Serums, 105064 Moscow, Russia
| | - S A Blagodatskikh
- Scientific Center of Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 142279 Obolensk, Russia
| | - V E Shershov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - A S Zasedatelev
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - A V Chudinov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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25
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Lapa SA, Klochikhina ES, Miftakhov RA, Zasedatelev AS, Chudinov AV. Multiplex on-Chip PCR with Direct Detection of Immobilized Primer Elongation. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162021050290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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26
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Lin LC, Liu TP, Chang SC, Lu JJ. Characterization of New Staphylococcus haemolyticus ST42 Populations in Northern Taiwan. Microb Drug Resist 2021; 28:56-62. [PMID: 34491866 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2019.0459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Staphylococcus haemolyticus is an acquired opportunistic pathogen causing nosocomial infections. Our previous studies of S. haemolyticus showed a group of isolates that produced a significantly higher disease severity than the others. Further molecular typing showed that the sequence type (ST) 42 was the major clone among the isolates. The main aim of this study was to characterize ST42. Materials and Methods: Sixty-one and 36 isolates were collected from burn and nonburn patients, respectively. Molecular typing, antibiotic susceptibility assays, and phenotypic characterizations were performed. Results: Thirteen STs, including seven new STs, were established (ST42 to ST48). ST42 was prevalent in burn and nonburn patients, and all the pulsotype C isolates were ST42. Four of the novel STs originated from ST3, suggesting that these clonal lineages evolved locally. ST3 and ST42 showed a significant difference in clindamycin susceptibility; molecular typing showed only one MLST locus variation among seven loci in SH1431, which has been reportedly involved in the regulation of biofilm formation through Zn 2+ binding affinities. Conclusions: Seven novel S. haemolyticus STs were identified; phylogenetic analysis suggested the presence of locally evolved clonal lineages. The predominant ST42 showed weak biofilm formation abilities; other factors that cause the clonal lineage change still need further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee-Chung Lin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tsui-Ping Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Cheng Chang
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jang-Jih Lu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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27
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Halladin DK, Ortega FE, Ng KM, Footer MJ, Mitić NS, Malkov SN, Gopinathan A, Huang KC, Theriot JA. Entropy-driven translocation of disordered proteins through the Gram-positive bacterial cell wall. Nat Microbiol 2021; 6:1055-1065. [PMID: 34326523 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-021-00942-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In Gram-positive bacteria, a thick cross-linked cell wall separates the membrane from the extracellular space. Some surface-exposed proteins, such as the Listeria monocytogenes actin nucleation-promoting factor ActA, remain associated with the bacterial membrane but somehow thread through tens of nanometres of cell wall to expose their amino terminus to the exterior. Here, we report that entropy enables the translocation of disordered transmembrane proteins through the Gram-positive cell wall. We build a physical model, which predicts that the entropic constraint imposed by a thin periplasm is sufficient to drive the translocation of an intrinsically disordered protein such as ActA across a porous barrier similar to a peptidoglycan cell wall. We experimentally validate our model and show that ActA translocation depends on the cell-envelope dimensions and disordered-protein length, and that translocation is reversible. We also show that disordered regions of eukaryotic proteins can translocate Gram-positive cell walls via entropy. We propose that entropic forces are sufficient to drive the translocation of specific proteins to the outer surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- David K Halladin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Fabian E Ortega
- Department of Biochemistry and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Katharine M Ng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Matthew J Footer
- Department of Biochemistry and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Nenad S Mitić
- Faculty of Mathematics, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Saša N Malkov
- Faculty of Mathematics, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ajay Gopinathan
- Department of Physics, University of California, Merced, CA, USA
| | - Kerwyn Casey Huang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA. .,Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. .,Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Julie A Theriot
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA. .,Department of Biochemistry and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA. .,Department of Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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28
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Targhi AA, Moammeri A, Jamshidifar E, Abbaspour K, Sadeghi S, Lamakani L, Akbarzadeh I. Synergistic effect of curcumin-Cu and curcumin-Ag nanoparticle loaded niosome: Enhanced antibacterial and anti-biofilm activities. Bioorg Chem 2021; 115:105116. [PMID: 34333420 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In the current study, for the first time, the synergistic activity of curcumin and silver/copper nanoparticles (NPs) was studied against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Moreover, a unique combination of curcumin and silver/copper NPs in free and encapsulated forms was prepared and delivered through a niosomal system. For this purpose, different niosomal formulations of curcumin and metal NPs were prepared by thin film hydration method. Then, the dual drug-loaded niosomes were dispersed in chitosan hydrogel in order to widen its applications. The effect of the molar ratios of lipid to drug and surfactant to cholesterol was investigated to find the optimized noisomal nanoparticles in terms of size, polydispersity index (PDI), and entrapment efficiency (EE). The size and PDI values were measured by dynamic light scattering (DLS). Morphology and in vitro drug release kinetics of niosomes were examined by scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM, TEM) and dialysis method, respectively. The drug-loaded niosomes and their hydrogel counterpart were screened for investigating their antibacterial activity against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa by disk diffusion, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) assays. Furthermore, anti-biofilm assay and expression of biofilm-associated genes by Real-time PCR were performed to evaluate the anti-biofilm effect of NPs. In this study, the drug-loaded niosomal formulations showed good entrapment efficiencies (EE) with a sustained release profile over 72 h. Moreover, compared to free drugs, the optimized niosomal formulations increased antibacterial activity against the bacteria via promotion in the inhibition zone and reduction in MIC and MBC values. Interestingly, gel-based niosomal formulations increased the inhibition zone by about 6 mm and significantly decreased MIC and MBC values compared to niosomal formulations. Also, biofilm eradication of curcumin-metal NPs encapsulated into niosomal hydrogel was highest compared to free and niosomal drugs. Overall, curcumin-Cu or curcumin-Ag nanoparticle loaded niosomes incorporated in hydrogel hold great promise for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ali Moammeri
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Jamshidifar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Koorosh Abbaspour
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somayeh Sadeghi
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Lida Lamakani
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Iman Akbarzadeh
- Department of Chemical and Petrochemical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
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29
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Cruz AR, van Strijp JAG, Bagnoli F, Manetti AGO. Virulence Gene Expression of Staphylococcus aureus in Human Skin. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:692023. [PMID: 34177874 PMCID: PMC8231915 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.692023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is the main cause of human skin and soft tissue infections. However, S. aureus pathogenicity within the skin is not fully characterized. Here, we implemented an S. aureus cutaneous infection model using human skin explants and performed a time-course infection to study the gene expression profile of a large panel of virulence-related factors of S. aureus USA300 LAC strain, by high-throughput RT-PCR. We pinpointed the genes that were differentially regulated by the bacteria in the skin tissues and identified 12 virulence factors that were upregulated at all time points assessed. Finally, using confocal microscopy, we show that the expression of alpha-hemolysin by S. aureus varies dependent on the skin niche and that the bacteria preferentially accumulates inside sweat glands and ducts. Taken together, our study gives insights about the pathogenic lifestyle of S. aureus within human skin tissues, which may contribute for the development of anti-S. aureus therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jos A G van Strijp
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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30
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Lawal OU, Barata M, Fraqueza MJ, Worning P, Bartels MD, Goncalves L, Paixão P, Goncalves E, Toscano C, Empel J, Urbaś M, Domiìnguez MA, Westh H, de Lencastre H, Miragaia M. Staphylococcus saprophyticus From Clinical and Environmental Origins Have Distinct Biofilm Composition. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:663768. [PMID: 34163443 PMCID: PMC8216562 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.663768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilm formation has been shown to be critical to the success of uropathogens. Although Staphylococcus saprophyticus is a common cause of urinary tract infections, its biofilm production capacity, composition, genetic basis, and origin are poorly understood. We investigated biofilm formation in a large and diverse collection of S. saprophyticus (n = 422). Biofilm matrix composition was assessed in representative strains (n = 63) belonging to two main S. saprophyticus lineages (G and S) recovered from human infection, colonization, and food-related environment using biofilm detachment approach. To identify factors that could be associated with biofilm formation and structure variation, we used a pangenome-wide association study approach. Almost all the isolates (91%; n = 384/422) produced biofilm. Among the 63 representative strains, we identified eight biofilm matrix phenotypes, but the most common were composed of protein or protein-extracellular DNA (eDNA)-polysaccharides (38%, 24/63 each). Biofilms containing protein-eDNA-polysaccharides were linked to lineage G and environmental isolates, whereas protein-based biofilms were produced by lineage S and infection isolates (p < 0.05). Putative biofilm-associated genes, namely, aas, atl, ebpS, uafA, sasF, sasD, sdrH, splE, sdrE, sdrC, sraP, and ica genes, were found with different frequencies (3-100%), but there was no correlation between their presence and biofilm production or matrix types. Notably, icaC_1 was ubiquitous in the collection, while icaR was lineage G-associated, and only four strains carried a complete ica gene cluster (icaADBCR) except one that was without icaR. We provided evidence, using a comparative genomic approach, that the complete icaADBCR cluster was acquired multiple times by S. saprophyticus and originated from other coagulase-negative staphylococci. Overall, the composition of S. saprophyticus biofilms was distinct in environmental and clinical isolates, suggesting that modulation of biofilm structure could be a key step in the pathogenicity of these bacteria. Moreover, biofilm production in S. saprophyticus is ica-independent, and the complete icaADBCR was acquired from other staphylococci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Opeyemi U. Lawal
- Laboratory of Bacterial Evolution and Molecular Epidemiology, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Marta Barata
- Laboratory of Bacterial Evolution and Molecular Epidemiology, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Maria J. Fraqueza
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Peder Worning
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Hvidovre University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Mette D. Bartels
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Hvidovre University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | | - Joanna Empel
- Department of Epidemiology and Clinical Microbiology, Narodowy Instytut Leków, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Urbaś
- Department of Epidemiology and Clinical Microbiology, Narodowy Instytut Leków, Warszawa, Poland
| | | | - Henrik Westh
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Hvidovre University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hermínia de Lencastre
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
- The Laboratory of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Maria Miragaia
- Laboratory of Bacterial Evolution and Molecular Epidemiology, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
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31
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Kroning IS, Ramires T, Haubert L, Rizzi C, Fernandes MDS, Lopes GV, Dellagostin OA, Silva WPD. Biofilm formation of Staphylococcus aureus from milk and expression of the adhesion genes ebpS and cna at different temperatures. Can J Microbiol 2021; 67:677-685. [PMID: 33945694 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2021-0065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the ability of Staphylococcus aureus isolates from milk to form biofilm, through detection of adhesion genes, investigating exopolysaccharide (EPS) production and biofilm formation on polystyrene (PS) and stainless steel (SS) surfaces, and by quantifying the expression of ebpS and cna genes under different temperatures and culture media. Among the 31 isolates, the adhesion genes ebpS and cna were found in 81% and 61% of the isolates, respectively. The screening tests for phenotype revealed that 58% of the isolates were EPS producers, and 45% showed the ability to produce biofilm on PS. Nine of the 31 isolates were selected to verify their ability to form biofilm on SS, of which 3 were non-biofilm producers, 3 were poor biofilm producers, and 3 were moderate biofilm producers. However, all nine isolates produced biofilm on SS, regardless of their phenotypic profile on PS. Reverse-transcriptase quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) revealed no variation in the expression levels of ebpS and cna genes at different temperatures, except for isolate S24 at 10 °C, for both genes tested. Moreover, RT-qPCR assays revealed that the expression levels of the adhesion genes ebpS and cna are isolate- and temperature-dependent; however, they are independent of the phenotypic biofilm-formation profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabela Schneid Kroning
- Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia Agroindustrial, Faculdade de Agronomia Eliseu Maciel, Campus Universitário Capão do Leão s/nº, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Capão do Leão, Rio Grande do Sul, Caixa Postal 354, 96160-000 Brazil
| | - Tassiana Ramires
- Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia Agroindustrial, Faculdade de Agronomia Eliseu Maciel, Campus Universitário Capão do Leão s/nº, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Capão do Leão, Rio Grande do Sul, Caixa Postal 354, 96160-000 Brazil
| | - Louise Haubert
- Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia Agroindustrial, Faculdade de Agronomia Eliseu Maciel, Campus Universitário Capão do Leão s/nº, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Capão do Leão, Rio Grande do Sul, Caixa Postal 354, 96160-000 Brazil
| | - Caroline Rizzi
- Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Meg da Silva Fernandes
- Adere Treinamentos, Rua Pioneiro Nilso Costa 475A, Maringá, Paraná, CEP 87075850, Brazil
| | - Graciela Volz Lopes
- Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia Agroindustrial, Faculdade de Agronomia Eliseu Maciel, Campus Universitário Capão do Leão s/nº, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Capão do Leão, Rio Grande do Sul, Caixa Postal 354, 96160-000 Brazil
| | - Odir Antônio Dellagostin
- Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Wladimir Padilha da Silva
- Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia Agroindustrial, Faculdade de Agronomia Eliseu Maciel, Campus Universitário Capão do Leão s/nº, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Capão do Leão, Rio Grande do Sul, Caixa Postal 354, 96160-000 Brazil.,Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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32
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Nguyen PT, Nguyen MT, Bolhuis A. Inhibition of biofilm formation by alpha-mangostin loaded nanoparticles against Staphylococcus aureus. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:1615-1621. [PMID: 33732047 PMCID: PMC7938154 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.11.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the antibiofilm activity of alpha-mangostin (AMG) loaded nanoparticles (nanoAMG) against Staphylococcus aureus, including the methicillin-resistant strain MRSA252. The results indicated that treatment with 24 μmol/L nanoAMG inhibited the formation of biofilm biomass by 53-62%, compared to 40-44% for free AMG (p < 0.05). At 48 μmol/L, biofilms in all nanoAMG treated samples were nearly fully disrupted for the two tested strains, MRSA252 and the methicillin-sensitive strain NCTC6571. That concentration resulted in killing of biofilm cells. A lower concentration of 12 µmol/L nanoAMG inhibited initial adherence of the two bacterial strains by > 50%. In contrast, activity of nanoAMG was limited on preformed mature biofilms, which at a concentration of 48 µmol/L were reduced only by 27% and 22% for NCTC6571 and MRSA252, respectively. The effects of AMG or nanoAMG on the expression of biofilm-related genes showed some noticeable differences between the two strains. For instance, the expression level of ebpS was downregulated in MRSA252 and upregulated in NCTC6571 when those strains were treated with either AMG or nanoAMG. In contrast, the expression of fnbB was down regulated in NCTC6571, while it was up-regulated in the MRSA252. The expression of other biofilm-related genes (icaC, clfB and fnbA) was down regulated in both strains. In conclusion, our results suggest that AMG coated nanoparticles had enhanced biological activity as compared to free AMG, indicating that nanoAMG could be a new and promising inhibitor of biofilm formation to tackle S. aureus, including strains that are resistant to multiple antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuong T.M. Nguyen
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Viet Nam
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Viet Nam
- Corresponding authors at: Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Viet Nam.
| | - Minh T.H. Nguyen
- University of Science and Technology of Hanoi, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18-Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Albert Bolhuis
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
- Corresponding authors at: Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Viet Nam.
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Effect of manuka honey on biofilm-associated genes expression during methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus biofilm formation. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13552. [PMID: 32782291 PMCID: PMC7419495 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70666-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) are among the most important biofilm-forming pathogens responsible for hard-to-treat infections. Looking for alternatives to antibiotics that prevent biofilm formation, we investigated the effects of manuka honey on the transcriptional profile of genes essential for staphylococcal biofilm formation using qRT-PCR. mRNA from two hospital MRSA strains (strong and weak biofilm producer) were isolated after 4, 8, 12 and 24 h from cells grown in biofilm. Manuka honey at 1/2 minimum biofilm inhibition concentration (MBIC) significantly reduced MRSA cell viability in biofilm. Manuka honey downregulated the genes encoding laminin- (eno), elastin- (ebps) and fibrinogen binding protein (fib), and icaA and icaD involved in biosynthesis of polysaccharide intercellular adhesin in both weakly and strongly adhering strain compared to the control (untreated biofilm). Expression levels of cna (collagen binding protein) and map/eap (extracellular adherence protein—Eap) were reduced in weakly adhering strain. The lowest expression of investigated genes was observed after 12 h of manuka honey treatment at 1/2 MBIC. This study showed that the previously unknown mechanism of manuka honey action involved inhibition of S. aureus adhesion due to reduction in expression of crucial genes associated with staphylococcal biofilm.
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Mathelié-Guinlet M, Chantraine C, Viela F, Pietrocola G, Speziale P, Dufrêne YF. Nanomechanics of the molecular complex between staphylococcal adhesin SpsD and elastin. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:13996-14003. [PMID: 32578656 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr02745f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcus pseudintermedius surface protein SpsD binds to extracellular matrix proteins to invade canine epithelial cells. Using single-molecule experiments, we show that SpsD engages in two modes of interaction with elastin that are tightly controlled by physical stress. Binding is weak (∼100 pN) at low tensile force (i.e. loading rate), but is dramatically enhanced (up to ∼1500 pN) by mechanical tension. Consistent with a "dock, lock, and latch" (DLL) mechanism, this force represents among the highest mechanical strengths known for a non-covalent biological interaction. The transition from weak to strong binding correlates with an increase in molecular stiffness but, surprisingly, with a decrease in molecular extension. This unanticipated mechanical behavior indicates that the adhesin is engaged in two distinct interaction mechanisms. Our results emphasize the crucial role of protein nanomechanics in the adhesion of staphylococci, and illustrate their wide diversity of force-dependent ligand-binding activities. These single-molecule mechanical experiments may contribute to the development of antiadhesion approaches to treat infections caused by S. pseudintermedius and other bacterial pathogens engaged in DLL interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Mathelié-Guinlet
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, UCLouvain, Croix du Sud, 4-5, bte L7.07.07, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
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Liu C, Zhao X, Xie H, Zhang X, Li K, Ma C, Fu Q. Whole genome sequence and comparative genome analyses of multi-resistant Staphylococcus warneri GD01 isolated from a diseased pig in China. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0233363. [PMID: 32442199 PMCID: PMC7244159 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus warneri is a coagulase-negative staphylococcus that is a normal inhabitant of the skin. It is also considered to be an opportunistic etiological agent causing significant infections in human and animals. Currently, relatively little attention has been paid to the genome biology of S. warneri pathogenicity and antibiotic resistance, which are emerging issues for this etiological agent with considerably clinical significance. In this study, we determined the complete genome sequence of S. warneri strain GD01 recovered from the sampled muscle abscess tissue of a diseased pig in South China. The genome of S. warneri is composed of a circular chromosome of 2,473,911 base pairs as well as eight plasmid sequences. Genome-wide metabolic reconstruction revealed 82 intact functional modules driving the catabolism of respiration and fermentation for energy production, uptake of distinct sugars as well as two-component regulatory systems. The evidence uncovered herein enables better understanding for metabolic potential and physiological traits of this etiological agent. The antibiotic susceptibility test demonstrated that S. warneri GD01 was resistant to penicillin, amoxicillin, ampicillin, cefalexin, vancomycin, and sulfisoxazole. The associations between antibiotic phenotypes and the related genotypes were identified to reveal the molecular basis conferring resistance to this pathogen. A number of genes coding for potential virulence factors were firstly depicted in the genome of S. warneri GD01, including adhesins, exoenzymes, capsule, and iron acquisition proteins. Our study provides a valuable genomic context of the genes/modules devoting to metabolism, antibiotic resistance, and virulence of S. warneri.
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Affiliation(s)
- Canying Liu
- Department of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Guangdong, China
| | - Xianjie Zhao
- Department of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Guangdong, China
| | - Honglin Xie
- Department of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Guangdong, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Department of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Guangdong, China
| | - Kangjian Li
- Department of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Guangdong, China
| | - Chunquan Ma
- Department of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiang Fu
- Department of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Guangdong, China
- * E-mail:
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Kot B, Sytykiewicz H, Sprawka I, Witeska M. Effect of trans-Cinnamaldehyde on Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Biofilm Formation: Metabolic Activity Assessment and Analysis of the Biofilm-Associated Genes Expression. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 21:ijms21010102. [PMID: 31877837 PMCID: PMC6981724 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of trans-cinnamaldehyde (TC) on transcriptional profiles of biofilm-associated genes and the metabolic activity of two methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains showing a different degree of adherence to polystyrene, were evaluated. Metabolic activity of S. aureus in biofilm was significantly decreased in the presence of TC at 1/2 minimum biofilm inhibition concentration (MBIC). Expression levels of the genes encoding laminin binding protein (eno), elastin binding protein (ebps) and fibrinogen binding protein (fib) in the presence of TC at 1/2 MBIC were lower than in untreated biofilm in both the weakly and strongly adhering strain. The highest decrease of expression level was observed in case of fib in the strongly adhering strain, in which the amount of fib transcript was 10-fold lower compared to biofilm without TC. In the presence of TC at 1/2 MBIC after 3, 6, 8 and 12 h, the expression level of icaA and icaD, that are involved in the biosynthesis of polysaccharide intercellular adhesin, was above half lower in the weakly adhering strain compared to biofilm without TC. In the strongly adhering strain the highest decrease in expression of these genes was observed after 3 and 6 h. This study showed that TC is a promising anti-biofilm agent for use in MRSA biofilm-related infections.
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Aung MS, Urushibara N, Kawaguchiya M, Sumi A, Takahashi S, Ike M, Ito M, Habadera S, Kobayashi N. Molecular Epidemiological Characterization of Staphylococcus a rgenteus Clinical Isolates in Japan: Identification of Three Clones (ST1223, ST2198, and ST2550) and a Novel Staphylocoagulase Genotype XV. Microorganisms 2019; 7:microorganisms7100389. [PMID: 31554314 PMCID: PMC6843175 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7100389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus argenteus, a novel emerging species within Staphylococcus aureus complex (SAC), has been increasingly reported worldwide. In this study, prevalence of S. argenteus among human clinical isolates, and their clonal diversity and genetic characteristics of virulence factors were investigated in Hokkaido, the northern main island of Japan. During a four-month period starting from March 2019, twenty-four S. argenteus and 4330 S. aureus isolates were recovered from clinical specimens (the ratio of S. argenteus to S. aureus :0.0055). Half of S. argenteus isolates (n = 12) belonged to MLST sequence type (ST) 2250 and its single-locus variant, with staphylocoagulase genotype (coa-) XId, while the remaining isolates were assigned to ST2198/coa-XIV (n = 6), and ST1223 with a novel coa-XV identified in this study (n = 6). All the isolates were mecA-negative, and susceptible to all the antimicrobials tested, except for an ST2198 isolate with blaZ and an ST2250 isolate with tet(L) showing resistance to ampicillin and tetracyclines, respectively. Common virulence factors in the S. argenteus isolates were staphylococcal enterotoxin (-like) genes sey, selz, sel26, and sel27 in ST2250, selx in ST2198, and enterotoxin gene cluster (egc-1: seg-sei-sem-sen-seo) in ST1223 isolates, in addition to hemolysin genes (hla, hlb, and hld) distributed universally. Elastin binding protein gene (ebpS) and MSCRAMM family adhesin SdrE gene (sdrE) detected in all the isolates showed high sequence identity among them (> 97%), while relatively lower identity to those of S. aureus (78–92%). Phylogenetically, ebpS, sdrE, selx, sey, selw, sel26, and sel27 of S. argenteus formed clusters distinct from those of S. aureus, unlike sec, selz, tst-1, and staphylokinase gene (sak). The present study revealed the prevalence of S. argenteus among clinical isolates, and presence of three distinct S. argenteus clones (ST2250; ST2198 and ST1223) harboring different virulence factors in northern Japan. ST2198 S. argenteus, a minor clone (strain BN75-like) that had been rarely reported, was first identified in Japan as human isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiji Soe Aung
- Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Hokkaido, 060-8556 Sapporo, Japan.
| | - Noriko Urushibara
- Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Hokkaido, 060-8556 Sapporo, Japan.
| | - Mitsuyo Kawaguchiya
- Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Hokkaido, 060-8556 Sapporo, Japan.
| | - Ayako Sumi
- Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Hokkaido, 060-8556 Sapporo, Japan.
| | - Seika Takahashi
- Sapporo Clinical Laboratory, Inc., Hokkaido, 060-0005 Sapporo, Japan.
| | - Miyo Ike
- Sapporo Clinical Laboratory, Inc., Hokkaido, 060-0005 Sapporo, Japan.
| | - Masahiko Ito
- Sapporo Clinical Laboratory, Inc., Hokkaido, 060-0005 Sapporo, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Habadera
- Sapporo Clinical Laboratory, Inc., Hokkaido, 060-0005 Sapporo, Japan.
| | - Nobumichi Kobayashi
- Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Hokkaido, 060-8556 Sapporo, Japan.
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Riffaud C, Pinel-Marie ML, Pascreau G, Felden B. Functionality and cross-regulation of the four SprG/SprF type I toxin-antitoxin systems in Staphylococcus aureus. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 47:1740-1758. [PMID: 30551143 PMCID: PMC6393307 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gky1256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Toxin–antitoxin (TA) systems are ubiquitous among bacteria, frequently expressed in multiple copies, and important for functions such as antibiotic resistance and persistence. Type I TA systems are composed of a stable toxic peptide whose expression is repressed by an unstable RNA antitoxin. Here, we investigated the functionalities, regulation, and possible cross-talk between three core genome copies of the pathogenicity island-encoded ‘sprG1/sprF1’ type I TA system in the human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus. Except for SprG4, all RNA from these pairs, sprG2/sprF2, sprG3/sprF3, sprG4/sprF4, are expressed in the HG003 strain. SprG2 and SprG3 RNAs encode toxic peptides whose overexpression triggers bacteriostasis, which is counteracted at the RNA level by the overexpression of SprF2 and SprF3 antitoxins. Complex formation between each toxin and its cognate antitoxin involves their overlapping 3′ ends, and each SprF antitoxin specifically neutralizes the toxicity of its cognate SprG toxin without cross-talk. However, overexpression studies suggest cross-regulations occur at the RNA level between the SprG/SprF TA systems during growth. When subjected to H2O2-induced oxidative stress, almost all antitoxin levels dropped, while only SprG1 and SprF1 were reduced during phagocytosis-induced oxidative stress. SprG1, SprF1, SprF2, SprG3 and SprF3 levels also decrease during hyperosmotic stress. This suggests that novel SprG/SprF TA systems are involved in S. aureus persistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Riffaud
- Université de Rennes 1, Inserm, BRM (Bacterial Regulatory RNAs and Medicine) UMR_S 1230, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Marie-Laure Pinel-Marie
- Université de Rennes 1, Inserm, BRM (Bacterial Regulatory RNAs and Medicine) UMR_S 1230, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Gaëtan Pascreau
- Université de Rennes 1, Inserm, BRM (Bacterial Regulatory RNAs and Medicine) UMR_S 1230, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Brice Felden
- Université de Rennes 1, Inserm, BRM (Bacterial Regulatory RNAs and Medicine) UMR_S 1230, 35000 Rennes, France
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Phylogenetic and Molecular Profile of Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Bloodstream Infections in Northeast Brazil. Microorganisms 2019; 7:microorganisms7070210. [PMID: 31336623 PMCID: PMC6680844 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7070210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a notorious human pathogen associated with serious nosocomial and community-acquired infections, such as pneumonia, meningitis, endocarditis, toxic shock syndrome, and sepsis, among others. The objective of this study was to investigate the molecular profile, antimicrobial resistance, and clonal diversity of S. aureus isolated from the bloodstream. The determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the antimicrobial was performed by an automated method. The presence of several virulence and resistance genes was evaluated by PCR. In addition, multilocus sequence typing (MLST) was used to analyze the clonal diversity of S. aureus. A high resistance to oxacillin (78%), clindamycin (78%), erythromycin (70%), ciprofloxacin (61%), and gentamicin (52%) was observed among the isolates. In most of them, the following virulence genes were detected: hlb (83%), ebpS (61%), icaA (57%), fnbpA (17%), and clfA (13%). Only one isolate carried the pvl gene. MLST analysis identified five new sequence types (STs): 5429, 5430, 5431, 5432, and 5433, as well as another seven-ST5, ST97, ST398, ST101, ST30, ST461, and ST2779-among the remaining strains. These seven STs and the four new STs are clustered in four clonal complexes: CC1, CC2, CC7, and CC17. Phylogenetic analysis showed the genetic relationship of the five new ST strains with another 18 strains. Altogether, these analyses indicate the horizontal transfer acquisition of virulence factor genes and multidrug resistance.
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Schiffer C, Hilgarth M, Ehrmann M, Vogel RF. Bap and Cell Surface Hydrophobicity Are Important Factors in Staphylococcus xylosus Biofilm Formation. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1387. [PMID: 31293539 PMCID: PMC6603148 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus (S.) xylosus is a coagulase-negative Staphylococcus species naturally present in food of animal origin with a previously described potential for biofilm formation. In this study we characterized biofilm formation of five selected strains isolated from raw fermented dry sausages, upon different growth conditions. Four strains exhibited a biofilm positive phenotype with strain-dependent intensities. Biofilm formation of S. xylosus was influenced by the addition of glucose, sodium chloride and lactate to the growth medium, respectively. It was further dependent on strain-specific cell surface properties. Three strains exhibited hydrophobic and two hydrophilic cell surface properties. The biofilm positive hydrophilic strain TMW 2.1523 adhered significantly better to hydrophilic than to hydrophobic supports, whereas the differences in adherence to hydrophobic versus hydrophilic supports were not as distinct for the hydrophobic strains TMW 2.1023, TMW 2.1323, and TMW 2.1521. Comparative genomics enabled prediction of functional biofilm-related genes and link these to phenotypic variations. While a wide range of biofilm associated factors/genes previously described for S. aureus and S. epidermidis were absent in the genomes of the five strains analyzed, they all possess the gene encoding biofilm associated protein Bap. The only biofilm negative strain TMW 2.1602 showed a mutation in the bap sequence. This study demonstrates that Bap and surface hydrophobicity are important factors in S. xylosus biofilm formation with potential impact on the assertiveness of a starter strain against autochthonous staphylococci by competitive exclusion during raw sausage fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Schiffer
- Lehrstuhl für Technische Mikrobiologie, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Maik Hilgarth
- Lehrstuhl für Technische Mikrobiologie, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Matthias Ehrmann
- Lehrstuhl für Technische Mikrobiologie, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Rudi F Vogel
- Lehrstuhl für Technische Mikrobiologie, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
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Abstract
The main strategies used by pathogenic bacteria to infect eukaryotic tissue include their adherence to cells and the extracellular matrix (ECM), the subsequent colonization and invasion as well as the evasion of immune defences. A variety of structurally and functionally characterized adhesins and binding proteins of gram-positive bacteria facilitate these processes by specifically recognizing and interacting with various components of the host ECM, including different collagens, fibronectin and other macromolecules. The ECM affects the cellular physiology of our body and is critical for adhesion, migration, proliferation, and differentiation of many host cell types, but also provides the support for infiltrating pathogens, particularly under conditions of injury and trauma. Moreover, microbial binding to a variety of adhesive components in host tissue fluids leads to structural and/or functional alterations of host proteins and to the activation of cellular mechanisms that influence tissue and cell invasion of pathogens. Since the diverse interactions of gram-positive bacteria with the ECM represent important pathogenicity mechanisms, their characterization not only allows a better understanding of microbial invasion but also provides clues for the design of novel therapeutic strategies to manage infectious diseases.
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Characterization of Host and Bacterial Contributions to Lung Barrier Dysfunction Following Co-infection with 2009 Pandemic Influenza and Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Viruses 2019; 11:v11020116. [PMID: 30699912 PMCID: PMC6409999 DOI: 10.3390/v11020116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza viruses are a threat to global public health resulting in ~500,000 deaths each year. Despite an intensive vaccination program, influenza infections remain a recurrent, yet unsolved public health problem. Secondary bacterial infections frequently complicate influenza infections during seasonal outbreaks and pandemics, resulting in increased morbidity and mortality. Staphylococcus aureus, including methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), is frequently associated with these co-infections, including the 2009 influenza pandemic. Damage to alveolar epithelium is a major contributor to severe influenza-bacterial co-infections and can result in gas exchange abnormalities, fluid leakage, and respiratory insufficiency. These deleterious manifestations likely involve both pathogen- and host-mediated mechanisms. However, there is a paucity of information regarding the mechanisms (pathogen- and/or host-mediated) underlying influenza-bacterial co-infection pathogenesis. To address this, we characterized the contributions of viral-, bacterial-, and host-mediated factors to the altered structure and function of alveolar epithelial cells during co-infection with a focus on the 2009 pandemic influenza (pdm2009) and MRSA. Here, we characterized pdm2009 and MRSA replication kinetics, temporal host kinome responses, modulation of MRSA virulence factors, and disruption of alveolar barrier integrity in response to pdm2009-MRSA co-infection. Our results suggest that alveolar barrier disruption during co-infection is mediated primarily through host response dysregulation, resulting in loss of alveolar barrier integrity.
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Gao B, Chi L, Tu P, Gao N, Lu K. The Carbamate Aldicarb Altered the Gut Microbiome, Metabolome, and Lipidome of C57BL/6J Mice. Chem Res Toxicol 2019; 32:67-79. [PMID: 30406643 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.8b00179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The gut microbiome is highly involved in numerous aspects of host physiology, from energy harvest to stress response, and can confer many benefits to the host. The gut microbiome development could be affected by genetic and environmental factors, including pesticides. The carbamate insecticide aldicarb has been extensively used in agriculture, which raises serious public health concerns. However, the impact of aldicarb on the gut microbiome, host metabolome, and lipidome has not been well studied yet. Herein, we use multiomics approaches, including16S rRNA sequencing, shotgun metagenomics sequencing, metabolomics, and lipidomics, to elucidate aldicarb-induced toxicity in the gut microbiome and the host metabolic homeostasis. We demonstrated that aldicarb perturbed the gut microbiome development trajectory, enhanced gut bacterial pathogenicity, altered complex lipid profile, and induced oxidative stress, protein degradation, and DNA damage. The brain metabolism was also disturbed by the aldicarb exposure. These findings may provide a novel understanding of the toxicity of carbamate insecticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Gao
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599 , United States.,NIH West Coast Metabolomics Center , University of California , Davis , California 95616 , United States
| | - Liang Chi
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599 , United States
| | - Pengcheng Tu
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599 , United States
| | - Nan Gao
- National Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering , Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 211816 , China
| | - Kun Lu
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599 , United States
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Morgan DJ, Casulli J, Chew C, Connolly E, Lui S, Brand OJ, Rahman R, Jagger C, Hussell T. Innate Immune Cell Suppression and the Link With Secondary Lung Bacterial Pneumonia. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2943. [PMID: 30619303 PMCID: PMC6302086 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Secondary infections arise as a consequence of previous or concurrent conditions and occur in the community or in the hospital setting. The events allowing secondary infections to gain a foothold have been studied for many years and include poor nutrition, anxiety, mental health issues, underlying chronic diseases, resolution of acute inflammation, primary immune deficiencies, and immune suppression by infection or medication. Children, the elderly and the ill are particularly susceptible. This review is concerned with secondary bacterial infections of the lung that occur following viral infection. Using influenza virus infection as an example, with comparisons to rhinovirus and respiratory syncytial virus infection, we will update and review defective bacterial innate immunity and also highlight areas for potential new investigation. It is currently estimated that one in 16 National Health Service (NHS) hospital patients develop an infection, the most common being pneumonia, lower respiratory tract infections, urinary tract infections and infection of surgical sites. The continued drive to understand the mechanisms of why secondary infections arise is therefore of key importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Morgan
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, The Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Joshua Casulli
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, The Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Christine Chew
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, The Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Emma Connolly
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, The Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Sylvia Lui
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, The Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Oliver J Brand
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, The Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Rizwana Rahman
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, The Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher Jagger
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, The Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Tracy Hussell
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, The Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Kot B, Sytykiewicz H, Sprawka I. Expression of the Biofilm-Associated Genes in Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Biofilm and Planktonic Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113487. [PMID: 30404183 PMCID: PMC6274806 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of genes that are essential for development of Staphylococcus aureus biofilm during infection is not fully known. mRNA from two methicillin-resistant S. aureus strains that formed weak and strong biofilm on polystyrene plates were isolated at five time points from cells grown in biofilm and planktonic culture. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis showed that the expression levels of investigated genes under biofilm conditions were significantly higher than under planktonic conditions. The expression levels of the gene encoding elastin binding protein (ebps) and laminin binding protein (eno) were significantly increased in biofilm at 3 h, both in strongly and weakly adhering strain. The peak expression of fib gene encoding fibrinogen binding protein was found at 6 and 8 h in the case of strongly and weakly adhering strain, respectively. The expression of icaA and icaD genes in both strains was significantly higher under biofilm conditions when comparing to planktonic cells during 12 h. The expression level of the genes encoding binding proteins and the glucosamine polymer polysaccharide intercellular adhesin (PIA) slowly decreased after 24 h. Finally, we found that the expression levels of genes encoding binding factors in weakly adhering strain were significantly lower than in strongly adhering strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Kot
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, 14 Bolesława Prusa Str., 08-110 Siedlce, Poland.
| | - Hubert Sytykiewicz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, 14 Bolesława Prusa Str., 08-110 Siedlce, Poland.
| | - Iwona Sprawka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, 14 Bolesława Prusa Str., 08-110 Siedlce, Poland.
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Puah SM, Tan JAMA, Chew CH, Chua KH. Diverse Profiles of Biofilm and Adhesion Genes in Staphylococcus Aureus Food Strains Isolated from Sushi and Sashimi. J Food Sci 2018; 83:2337-2342. [PMID: 30101982 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.14300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is able to form multilayer biofilms embedded within a glycocalyx or slime layer. Biofilm formation poses food contamination risks and can subsequently increase the risk of food poisoning. Identification of food-related S. aureus strains will provide additional data on staphylococcal food poisoning involved in biofilm formation. A total of 52 S. aureus strains isolated from sushi and sashimi was investigated to study their ability for biofilm formation using crystal violet staining. The presence of accessory gene regulator (agr) groups and 15 adhesion genes was screened and their associations in biofilm formation were studied. All 52 S. aureus strains showed biofilm production on the tested hydrophobic surface with 44% (23/52) strains classified as strong, 33% (17/52) as moderate, and 23% (12/52) as weak biofilm producers. The frequency of agr-positive strains was 71% (agr group 1 = 21 strains; agr group 2 = 2 strains; agr group 3 = 12 strains; agr group 4 = 2 strains) whereas agr-negative strains were 29% (15/52). Twelve adhesion genes were detected and 98% of the S. aureus strains carried at least one adhesion gene. The ebps was significantly (p < .05) associated with strong biofilm producing strains. In addition, eno, clfA, icaAD, sasG, fnbB, cna, and sasC were significantly higher in the agr-positive group compared to the agr-negative group. The results of this study suggest that the presence of ebps, eno, clfA, icaAD, sasG, fnbB, cna, and sasC may play an important role in enhancing the stage of biofilm-related infections and warrants further investigation. PRACTICAL APPLICATION This work contributes to the knowledge on the biofilm formation and the distribution of agr groups in S. aureus strains as well as microbial surface components in recognizing adherence matrix molecules of organisms isolated from ready-to-eat sushi and sashimi. The findings provide valuable information to further study the roles of specific genes in causing biofilm-related infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suat Moi Puah
- Dept. of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Univ. of Malaya, Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Ching Hoong Chew
- School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Univ. Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Kek Heng Chua
- Dept. of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Univ. of Malaya, Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Haque N, Aung MS, Paul SK, Bari MS, Ahmed S, Sarkar SR, Roy S, Nasreen SA, Mahmud MC, Hossain MA, Urushibara N, Kawaguchiya M, Sumi A, Kobayashi N. Molecular Epidemiological Characterization of Methicillin-Susceptible and -Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Skin and Soft Tissue Infections in Bangladesh. Microb Drug Resist 2018; 25:241-250. [PMID: 30096257 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2018.0123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic background and molecular characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus collected from patients with skin and soft tissue infections were studied in the North-Central region of Bangladesh from 2015 to 2016. Among 430 clinical isolates, methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) accounted for 31% having SCCmec type IV (73%) and V (14%), and belonged mostly to coagulase (coa) genotypes IIa, IIIa, IVb, and XIa, while dominant coa type in methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) was IIIa, followed by Va, IIa, and VIa. Panton-Valentine Leukocidin genes (pvl) were detected at higher rate in MSSA (54%) than in MRSA (24%). Based on multilocus sequence typing, pvl-positive MRSA isolates were classified into clonal complex 88 (CC88) (ST88, ST2884, ST4345), CC6 (ST6, ST4350), and CC1 (ST1, ST772), while pvl-negative MRSA into CC5, CC22, CC80, CC121, and CC672. The pvl-negative ST80 MRSA isolates had SCCmec-IVa (agr-III/coa-XIc, etd/edinB-positive, fusB-negative), indicating that they belong to the novel CC80 clade related to the European community-acquired MRSA clone. Among MSSA, genotypes ST121/spa-t645/coa-Va and ST2884 (CC88)/spa-t2393/coa-IIIa were identified in both pvl-positive and negative isolates, and all the ST772 isolates harbored pvl. All the ST121 isolates had a variant of elastin-binding protein gene (ebpS-v) with internal 180-nucleotide deletion. The present study suggested that CC88 (ST88, ST2884) and ST772 are the putative dominant lineages of pvl-positive MRSA/MSSA, while novel CC80 clade is one of the main pvl-negative MRSA lineages distributed endemically in Bangladesh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazia Haque
- 1 Department of Microbiology, Mymensingh Medical College , Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Meiji Soe Aung
- 2 Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine , Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shyamal Kumar Paul
- 1 Department of Microbiology, Mymensingh Medical College , Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Md Shafikul Bari
- 3 Department of Paediatric Surgery, Mymensingh Medical College , Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Salma Ahmed
- 1 Department of Microbiology, Mymensingh Medical College , Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Santana Rani Sarkar
- 1 Department of Microbiology, Mymensingh Medical College , Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Sangjukta Roy
- 1 Department of Microbiology, Mymensingh Medical College , Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | | | | | | | - Noriko Urushibara
- 2 Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine , Sapporo, Japan
| | - Mitsuyo Kawaguchiya
- 2 Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine , Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ayako Sumi
- 2 Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine , Sapporo, Japan
| | - Nobumichi Kobayashi
- 2 Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine , Sapporo, Japan
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Hussell T, Lui S, Jagger C, Morgan D, Brand O. The consequence of matrix dysfunction on lung immunity and the microbiome in COPD. Eur Respir Rev 2018; 27:27/148/180032. [PMID: 29950305 DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0032-2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The pulmonary extracellular matrix (ECM) is a complex network of proteins which primarily defines tissue architecture and regulates various biochemical and biophysical processes. It is a dynamic system comprising two main structures (the interstitial matrix and the basement membrane) which undergo continuous, yet highly regulated, remodelling. This remodelling process is essential for tissue homeostasis and uncontrolled regulation can lead to pathological states including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Altered expression of ECM proteins, as observed in COPD, can contribute to the degradation of alveolar walls and thickening of the small airways which can cause limitations in airflow. Modifications in ECM composition can also impact immune cell migration and retention in the lung with migrating cells becoming entrapped in the diseased airspaces. Furthermore, ECM changes affect the lung microbiome, aggravating and advancing disease progression. A dysbiosis in bacterial diversity can lead to infection, inducing epithelial injury and pro-inflammatory reactions. Here we review the changes noted in the different ECM components in COPD and discuss how an imbalance in microbial commensalism can impact disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy Hussell
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Sylvia Lui
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Christopher Jagger
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - David Morgan
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Oliver Brand
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Chen FJ, Lauderdale TL, Lee CH, Hsu YC, Huang IW, Hsu PC, Yang CS. Effect of a Point Mutation in mprF on Susceptibility to Daptomycin, Vancomycin, and Oxacillin in an MRSA Clinical Strain. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1086. [PMID: 29887848 PMCID: PMC5980971 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported the sequential recovery of daptomycin-nonsusceptible MRSA clinical isolates with an L431F substitution in the MprF protein. The aim of the present study is to determine the effect of this mutation by replacing the mprF gene on the chromosome of a daptomycin-susceptible progenitor strain, CGK5, to obtain CGK5mut having the L431F MprF mutation. Compared to CGK5, the daptomycin and vancomycin MICs of CGK5mut increased from 0.5 to 3 μg/ml and from 1.5 to 3 μg/ml, respectively; however, its oxacillin MIC decreased from 128 to 1 μg/ml in medium without added 2% NaCl. The expression levels of vraSR and several other cell-wall synthesis-related genes were significantly increased in CGK5mut, and the mutant also had significantly reduced negative cell membrane charge, thicker cell wall, and longer doubling time. These features were abolished in the reverse mutant carrying F431L MprF, confirming the pleiotropic effects of the L431F MprF mutation. We believe that this is the first work that shows a single MprF missense mutation can lead to not only changes in the cell membrane but also increased expression of vraSR and subsequently increased resistance to daptomycin and vancomycin while simultaneously conferring increased susceptibility to oxacillin in an isogenic MRSA strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Jui Chen
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Tsai-Ling Lauderdale
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Hsiang Lee
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chieh Hsu
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - I-Wen Huang
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chi Hsu
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Shi Yang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
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Campoccia D, Montanaro L, Ravaioli S, Cangini I, Speziale P, Arciola CR. Description of a New Group of Variants of the Staphylococcus Aureus Elastin-Binding Protein that Lacks an Entire DNA Segment of 180 bp. Int J Artif Organs 2018; 32:621-9. [DOI: 10.1177/039139880903200911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The elastin-binding protein (EbpS) is a microbial surface component recognizing adhesive matrix molecule (MSCRAMM) found in Staphylococcus aureus that mediates bacterial cell binding to soluble elastin and tropoelastin. In scientific literature it is well established that the gene encoding for the elastin-binding protein (ebpS) is present in the vast majority of Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates. The present study aimed at investigating a group of new variant forms of ebpS gene identified in S. aureus clinical strains isolated from implant-related orthopedic infections. A PCR screening for the ebpS gene, conducted on over two hundred S. aureus clinical isolates from implant-related infections revealed the detection of six strains exhibiting an altered amplicon size, shorter than expected. In order to elucidate the sequence changes present in these gene variants, the trait comprised between the primers was analyzed in all six isolates bearing the modification and in four isolates exhibiting the regular amplicon size. A similar form of the ebpS gene, lacking a DNA trait of 180 bp, was confirmed in all six isolates independently of their clonal origin. Interestingly, only three of these isolates, all with type IV polymorphism of the accessory genes regulator (agr) locus, showed exactly the same sequence and, thus, the same pattern of point mutations with respect to reference strains. From nucleotide translation, the corresponding encoded protein was found to lack an entire peptide segment of 60 amino acids. From nucleotide sequence translation, this modification was found to implicate the disappearance of an entire hydrophobic domain, whose functional significance needs to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Campoccia
- Research Unit on Implant Infections, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Bologna - Italy
| | - Lucio Montanaro
- Research Unit on Implant Infections, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Bologna - Italy
- Department of Experimental Pathology, University of Bologna, Bologna - Italy
| | - Stefano Ravaioli
- Research Unit on Implant Infections, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Bologna - Italy
- Department of Experimental Pathology, University of Bologna, Bologna - Italy
| | - Ilaria Cangini
- Research Unit on Implant Infections, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Bologna - Italy
- Department of Experimental Pathology, University of Bologna, Bologna - Italy
| | - Pietro Speziale
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Pavia, Pavia - Italy
| | - Carla Renata Arciola
- Research Unit on Implant Infections, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Bologna - Italy
- Department of Experimental Pathology, University of Bologna, Bologna - Italy
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