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Bendavid G, Hubeau C, Perin F, Gillard A, Nokin MJ, Carnet O, Gerard C, Noel A, Lefebvre P, Rocks N, Cataldo D. Role for the metalloproteinase ADAM28 in the control of airway inflammation, remodelling and responsiveness in asthma. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1067779. [PMID: 36685493 PMCID: PMC9851272 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1067779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Asthma is characterized by morphological modifications of the airways (inflammation and remodelling) and bronchial hyperresponsiveness. Mechanisms linking these two key features of asthma are still poorly understood. ADAM28 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 28) might play a role in asthma pathophysiology. ADAM28 exists as membrane-bound and soluble forms and is mainly expressed by lymphocytes and epithelial cells. Methods ADAM28-/- mice and ADAM28+/+ counterparts were sensitized and exposed to ovalbumin (OVA). Airway responsiveness was measured using the flexiVent® system. After sacrifice, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was performed and lungs were collected for analysis of airway inflammation and remodelling. Results The expression of the soluble form of ADAM28 was lower in the lungs of OVA-exposed mice (as compared to PBS-exposed mice) and progressively increased in correlation with the duration of allergen exposure. In lungs of ADAM28-/- mice exposed to allergens, the proportion of Th2 cells among CD 4 + cells and the number of B cells were decreased. Bronchial responsiveness was lower in ADAM28-/- mice exposed to allergens and similar to the responsiveness of sham-challenged mice. Similarly, features of airway remodelling (collagen deposition, smooth muscle hyperplasia, mucous hyperplasia) were significantly less developed in OVA-exposed ADAM28-/- animals in sharp contrasts to ADAM28+/+. In addition, we report the first evidence of ADAM28 RNA expression by lung fibroblasts and we unveil a decreased capacity of lung fibroblasts extracted from OVA-exposed ADAM28-/- mice to proliferate as compared to those extracted from OVA-exposed ADAM28+/+ suggesting a direct contribution of this enzyme to the modulation of airway remodelling. Conclusion These results suggest that ADAM28 might be a key contributor to the pathophysiology of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Bendavid
- Laboratory of Tumor and Development Biology, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liege (ULiege), Liege, Belgium,Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University of Liege (ULiege) and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Céline Hubeau
- Laboratory of Tumor and Development Biology, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liege (ULiege), Liege, Belgium
| | - Fabienne Perin
- Laboratory of Tumor and Development Biology, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liege (ULiege), Liege, Belgium
| | - Alison Gillard
- Laboratory of Tumor and Development Biology, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liege (ULiege), Liege, Belgium
| | - Marie-Julie Nokin
- Laboratory of Tumor and Development Biology, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liege (ULiege), Liege, Belgium
| | - Oriane Carnet
- Laboratory of Tumor and Development Biology, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liege (ULiege), Liege, Belgium
| | - Catherine Gerard
- Laboratory of Tumor and Development Biology, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liege (ULiege), Liege, Belgium
| | - Agnès Noel
- Laboratory of Tumor and Development Biology, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liege (ULiege), Liege, Belgium
| | - Philippe Lefebvre
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University of Liege (ULiege) and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Natacha Rocks
- Laboratory of Tumor and Development Biology, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liege (ULiege), Liege, Belgium
| | - Didier Cataldo
- Laboratory of Tumor and Development Biology, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liege (ULiege), Liege, Belgium,Department of respiratory diseases, University of Liege (ULiege) and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Liege, Liege, Belgium,*Correspondence: Didier Cataldo,
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Hubeau C, Rocks N, Cataldo D. ADAM28: Another ambivalent protease in cancer. Cancer Lett 2020; 494:18-26. [PMID: 32861707 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Emergence of novel therapeutic options in a perspective of personalized therapy of cancer relies on the discovery of precise molecular mechanisms involved in the switch from a localized tumor to invasive metastasis spread. Pro-tumor functions have been mostly ascribed to proteolytic enzymes from the metalloproteinase family including A Disintegrin And Metalloproteinases (ADAMs). Particularly, when expressed by cancer cells, ADAM28 protease supports cancer cell proliferation, survival and migration as well as metastatic progression. In sharp contrast, ADAM28 derived from the tumor microenvironment has shown to exert strong protective effects against deleterious metastasis dissemination. Indeed, depletion of host-derived ADAM28 (ADAM28 KO mice) accelerates colonization lung tissues, increases tumor foci implantation, and impairs T cell immune response. In this review, we outline specific ADAM28 functions when specifically expressed by carcinoma cells or by tumor microenvironment. Finally, we discuss about future research strategies that could be pursued to highlight new functions of this protease in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Hubeau
- Laboratory of Tumor and Development Biology, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Natacha Rocks
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, CIRM, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Didier Cataldo
- Laboratory of Tumor and Development Biology, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium; Department of Respiratory Diseases, CHU of Liège, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.
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3
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Gérard C, Hubeau C, Carnet O, Bellefroid M, Sounni NE, Blacher S, Bendavid G, Moser M, Fässler R, Noel A, Cataldo D, Rocks N. Microenvironment-derived ADAM28 prevents cancer dissemination. Oncotarget 2018; 9:37185-37199. [PMID: 30647853 PMCID: PMC6324684 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have linked cancer cell-associated ADAM28 expression with tumor progression and metastatic dissemination. However, the role of host-derived ADAM28 in cancer dissemination processes remains unclear. Genetically engineered-mice fully deficient for ADAM28 unexpectedly display increased lung colonization by pulmonary, melanoma or breast tumor cells. In experimental tumor cell dissemination models, host ADAM28 deficiency is further associated with a decreased lung infiltration by CD8+ T lymphocytes. Notably, naive ADAM28-deficient mice already display a drastic reduction of CD8+ T cells in spleen which is further observed in lungs. Interestingly, ex vivo CD8+ T cell characterization revealed that ADAM28-deficiency does not impact proliferation, migration nor activation of CD8+ T cells. Our data highlight a functional role of ADAM28 in T cell mobilization and point to an unexpected protective role for host ADAM28 against metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Gérard
- Laboratory of Tumor and Development Biology, GIGA-Cancer and GIGA-I3, GIGA-Research, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Céline Hubeau
- Laboratory of Tumor and Development Biology, GIGA-Cancer and GIGA-I3, GIGA-Research, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Oriane Carnet
- Laboratory of Tumor and Development Biology, GIGA-Cancer and GIGA-I3, GIGA-Research, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Marine Bellefroid
- Laboratory of Tumor and Development Biology, GIGA-Cancer and GIGA-I3, GIGA-Research, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Nor Eddine Sounni
- Laboratory of Tumor and Development Biology, GIGA-Cancer and GIGA-I3, GIGA-Research, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Silvia Blacher
- Laboratory of Tumor and Development Biology, GIGA-Cancer and GIGA-I3, GIGA-Research, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Guillaume Bendavid
- Laboratory of Tumor and Development Biology, GIGA-Cancer and GIGA-I3, GIGA-Research, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium.,ENT Department, University Hospital of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Markus Moser
- Max-Planck-Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Molecular Medicine, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Reinhard Fässler
- Max-Planck-Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Molecular Medicine, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Agnès Noel
- Laboratory of Tumor and Development Biology, GIGA-Cancer and GIGA-I3, GIGA-Research, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Didier Cataldo
- Laboratory of Tumor and Development Biology, GIGA-Cancer and GIGA-I3, GIGA-Research, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium.,Department of Respiratory Diseases, CHU Liege and University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Natacha Rocks
- Laboratory of Tumor and Development Biology, GIGA-Cancer and GIGA-I3, GIGA-Research, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
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4
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Callender LA, Carroll EC, Beal RWJ, Chambers ES, Nourshargh S, Akbar AN, Henson SM. Human CD8 + EMRA T cells display a senescence-associated secretory phenotype regulated by p38 MAPK. Aging Cell 2018; 17. [PMID: 29024417 PMCID: PMC5770853 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence is accompanied by a senescence‐associated secretory phenotype (SASP). We show here that primary human senescent CD8+ T cells also display a SASP comprising chemokines, cytokines and extracellular matrix remodelling proteases that are unique to this subset and contribute to age‐associated inflammation. We found the CD8+CD45RA+CD27−EMRA subset to be the most heterogeneous, with a population aligning with the naïve T cells and another with a closer association to the effector memory subset. However, despite the differing processes that give rise to these senescent CD8+ T cells once generated, they both adopt a unique secretory profile with no commonality to any other subset, aligning more closely with senescence than quiescence. Furthermore, we also show that the SASP observed in senescent CD8+ T cells is governed by p38 MAPK signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren A. Callender
- Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, William Harvey Research Institute; Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry; Queen Mary University of London; Charterhouse Square London EC1M 6BQ UK
| | - Elizabeth C. Carroll
- Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, William Harvey Research Institute; Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry; Queen Mary University of London; Charterhouse Square London EC1M 6BQ UK
| | - Robert W. J. Beal
- Microvascular Research, William Harvey Research Institute; Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry; Queen Mary University of London; Charterhouse Square London EC1M 6BQ UK
| | - Emma S. Chambers
- Division of Infection and Immunity; University College London; London WC1E 6JF UK
| | - Sussan Nourshargh
- Microvascular Research, William Harvey Research Institute; Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry; Queen Mary University of London; Charterhouse Square London EC1M 6BQ UK
| | - Arne N. Akbar
- Division of Infection and Immunity; University College London; London WC1E 6JF UK
| | - Sian M. Henson
- Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, William Harvey Research Institute; Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry; Queen Mary University of London; Charterhouse Square London EC1M 6BQ UK
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5
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Wang L, Hoggard JA, Korleski ED, Long GV, Ree BC, Hensley K, Bond SR, Wolfsberg TG, Chen J, Zeczycki TN, Bridges LC. Multiple non-catalytic ADAMs are novel integrin α4 ligands. Mol Cell Biochem 2017; 442:29-38. [PMID: 28913673 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-017-3190-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The ADAM (a disintegrin and metalloprotease) protein family uniquely exhibits both catalytic and adhesive properties. In the well-defined process of ectodomain shedding, ADAMs transform latent, cell-bound substrates into soluble, biologically active derivatives to regulate a spectrum of normal and pathological processes. In contrast, the integrin ligand properties of ADAMs are not fully understood. Emerging models posit that ADAM-integrin interactions regulate shedding activity by localizing or sequestering the ADAM sheddase. Interestingly, 8 of the 21 human ADAMs are predicted to be catalytically inactive. Unlike their catalytically active counterparts, integrin recognition of these "dead" enzymes has not been largely reported. The present study delineates the integrin ligand properties of a group of non-catalytic ADAMs. Here we report that human ADAM11, ADAM23, and ADAM29 selectively support integrin α4-dependent cell adhesion. This is the first demonstration that the disintegrin-like domains of multiple catalytically inactive ADAMs are ligands for a select subset of integrin receptors that also recognize catalytically active ADAMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27834, USA
| | - Jason A Hoggard
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27834, USA
| | - Erica D Korleski
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27834, USA
| | - Gideon V Long
- Biochemistry, Molecular and Cell Sciences, Arkansas College of Osteopathic Medicine, Arkansas Colleges of Health Education, 7000 Chad Colley Blvd., Ft. Smith, AR, 72916, USA
| | - Brandy C Ree
- Biochemistry, Molecular and Cell Sciences, Arkansas College of Osteopathic Medicine, Arkansas Colleges of Health Education, 7000 Chad Colley Blvd., Ft. Smith, AR, 72916, USA
| | - Kenneth Hensley
- Biochemistry, Molecular and Cell Sciences, Arkansas College of Osteopathic Medicine, Arkansas Colleges of Health Education, 7000 Chad Colley Blvd., Ft. Smith, AR, 72916, USA
| | - Stephen R Bond
- Computational and Statistical Genomics Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Tyra G Wolfsberg
- Computational and Statistical Genomics Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - JianMing Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27834, USA
| | - Tonya N Zeczycki
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27834, USA
| | - Lance C Bridges
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27834, USA. .,Biochemistry, Molecular and Cell Sciences, Arkansas College of Osteopathic Medicine, Arkansas Colleges of Health Education, 7000 Chad Colley Blvd., Ft. Smith, AR, 72916, USA.
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6
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Rudnicka C, Mochizuki S, Okada Y, McLaughlin C, Leedman PJ, Stuart L, Epis M, Hoyne G, Boulos S, Johnson L, Schlaich M, Matthews V. Overexpression and knock-down studies highlight that a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 28 controls proliferation and migration in human prostate cancer. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e5085. [PMID: 27749584 PMCID: PMC5059087 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000005085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers in men. It is critical to identify and characterize oncogenes that drive the pathogenesis of human prostate cancer. The current study builds upon previous research showing that a disintegrin and metallproteinase (ADAM)28 is involved in the pathogenesis of numerous cancers. Our novel study used overexpression, pharmacological, and molecular approaches to investigate the biological function of ADAM28 in human prostate cancer cells, with a focus on cell proliferation and migration. The results of this study provide important insights into the role of metalloproteinases in human prostate cancer.The expression of ADAM28 protein levels was assessed within human prostate tumors and normal adjacent tissue by immunohistochemistry. Immunocytochemistry and western blotting were used to assess ADAM28 protein expression in human prostate cancer cell lines. Functional assays were conducted to assess proliferation and migration in human prostate cancer cells in which ADAM28 protein expression or activity had been altered by overexpression, pharmacological inhibition, or by siRNA gene knockdown.The membrane bound ADAM28 was increased in human tumor biopsies and prostate cancer cell lines. Pharmacological inhibition of ADAM28 activity and/or knockdown of ADAM28 significantly reduced proliferation and migration of human prostate cancer cells, while overexpression of ADAM28 significantly increased proliferation and migration.ADAM28 is overexpressed in primary human prostate tumor biopsies, and it promotes human prostate cancer cell proliferation and migration. This study supports the notion that inhibition of ADAM28 may be a potential novel therapeutic strategy for human prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Satsuki Mochizuki
- Department of Pathology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasunori Okada
- Department of Pathology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Peter J. Leedman
- Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Nedlands
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology – Royal Perth Hospital Unit, The University of Western Australia
| | - Lisa Stuart
- Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Nedlands
| | - Michael Epis
- Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Nedlands
| | - Gerard Hoyne
- The University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle Campus
| | - Sherif Boulos
- Western Australian Neuromuscular Research Institute, Perth, Western Australia
| | - Liam Johnson
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology – Royal Perth Hospital Unit, The University of Western Australia
| | - Markus Schlaich
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology – Royal Perth Hospital Unit, The University of Western Australia
| | - Vance Matthews
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Nedlands
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology – Royal Perth Hospital Unit, The University of Western Australia
- Correspondence: Vance Matthews, School of Medicine and Pharmacology – Royal Perth Hospital Unit, Level 3, Medical Research Foundation Building, Rear 50 Murray Street, Perth 6000, Western Australia (e-mail: )
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7
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Proteolysis in the Interstitium. Protein Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1201/9781315374307-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Review article: The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of drugs used in inflammatory bowel disease treatment. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2015; 71:773-99. [PMID: 26008212 DOI: 10.1007/s00228-015-1862-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The following review is a compilation of the recent advances and knowledge on the behaviour of the most frequently used compounds to treat inflammatory bowel disease in an organism. RESULTS It considers clinical aspects of each entity and the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic relationship supported by the use of plasma monitoring, tissue concentrations, and certain aspects derived from pharmacogenetics.
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9
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Whelan JT, Wang L, Chen J, Metts ME, Nasser TA, McGoldrick LJ, Bridges LC. Retinoids induce integrin-independent lymphocyte adhesion through RAR-α nuclear receptor activity. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 454:537-42. [PMID: 25450689 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.10.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative metabolites of vitamin A, in particular all-trans-retinoic acid (atRA), have emerged as key factors in immunity by specifying the localization of immune cells to the gut. Although it is appreciated that isomers of retinoic acid activate the retinoic acid receptor (RAR) and retinoid X receptor (RXR) family of nuclear receptors to elicit cellular changes, the molecular details of retinoic acid action remain poorly defined in immune processes. Here we employ a battery of agonists and antagonists to delineate the specific nuclear receptors utilized by retinoids to evoke lymphocyte cell adhesion to ADAM (adisintegrin and metalloprotease) protein family members. We report that RAR agonism is sufficient to promote immune cell adhesion in both immortal and primary immune cells. Interestingly, adhesion occurs independent of integrin function, and mutant studies demonstrate that atRA-induced adhesion to ADAM members required a distinct binding interface(s) as compared to integrin recognition. Anti-inflammatory corticosteroids as well as 1,25-(OH)2D3, a vitamin D metabolite that prompts immune cell trafficking to the skin, potently inhibited the observed adhesion. Finally, our data establish that induced adhesion was specifically attributable to the RAR-α receptor isotype. The current study provides novel molecular resolution as to which nuclear receptors transduce retinoid exposure into immune cell adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarrett T Whelan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, United States
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, United States
| | - Jianming Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, United States
| | - Meagan E Metts
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, United States
| | - Taj A Nasser
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, United States
| | - Liam J McGoldrick
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, United States
| | - Lance C Bridges
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, United States; East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, The Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, United States.
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10
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Lobatón T, Vermeire S, Van Assche G, Rutgeerts P. Review article: anti-adhesion therapies for inflammatory bowel disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2014; 39:579-94. [PMID: 24479980 DOI: 10.1111/apt.12639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Revised: 12/31/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A high proportion of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) do not achieve clinical remission with the current therapies including mesalazine (mesalamine), immunossupresants (IMS) and antibodies against tumour necrosis factor (anti-TNF). Moreover, IMS and anti-TNF involve a nonnegligible risk for infections and/or malignancies. The anti-adhesion molecules are one of the most interesting new treatments because of their gut-selectivity. AIM To review the physiopathology of the adhesion molecules and the current drugs targeting this mechanism. METHODS We performed a literature review in PubMed and in clinicaltrials.gov using the terms 'anti-adhesion molecules', 'inflammatory bowel disease', 'natalizumab', 'vedolizumab', 'AMG181', 'Etrolizumab', 'PF-00547659', 'AJM300', 'Alicaforsen' and 'CCX282-B' up to November 2013. RESULTS A total of eight drugs were found including those targeting the α4β1, α4β7 or αEβ7 integrins as well as the ICAM-1 and MAdCAM-1 addressins and the chemokine receptor 9. The rationale for these drugs is the blockade of gut-homing T lymphocytes and the ones targeting the α4β7/MAdCAM-1 interaction presented the most promising results in luminal disease. Vedolizumab, an α4β7 antibody, has completed phase 3 trials with very positive results especially for ulcerative colitis. However, many questions remain unanswered such as the effect of these therapies in perianal disease and extraintestinal manifestations. CONCLUSIONS The blockade of the α4β7/MAdCAM-1 interaction and especially vedolizumab is an effective and safe gut-specific treatment for IBD. Further studies are needed to clarify the efficacy and safety of the other anti-adhesion drugs and to define the specific indications of these therapies in the different scenarios of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Lobatón
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium
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11
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Ghosh N, Chaki R, Mandal SC. Inhibition of selective adhesion molecules in treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. Int Rev Immunol 2013; 31:410-27. [PMID: 23083349 DOI: 10.3109/08830185.2012.690794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Lymphocyte infiltration into the intestinal tract in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is mediated by interaction between α4 integrin and its specific ligands. Development of monoclonal antibodies against α4 integrin allowed targeting of lymphocyte trafficking into the intestine as a novel therapeutic intervention. Natalizumab, vedolizumab, alicaforsen AJM300, rhuMAb β7, CCX282-B, and PF-00547,659 are few of monoclonal antibodies that have shown high promise in trials with the potential for more attractive benefit:risk ratio than currently available therapies. In this review, an attempt is made to underline the therapeutic potential and the safety of anti-adhesion molecule treatment in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilanjan Ghosh
- Dr. B.C. Roy College of Pharmacy and Allied Health Sciences, Durgapur, India. bhu
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12
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Su F, Correa BRS, Luo J, Vencio RZN, Pascal LE, Wang Z. Gene Expression Profiling Reveals Regulation of ERK Phosphorylation by Androgen-Induced Tumor Suppressor U19/EAF2 in the Mouse Prostate. CANCER MICROENVIRONMENT 2013; 6:247-61. [PMID: 23440596 DOI: 10.1007/s12307-013-0132-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2012] [Accepted: 02/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
U19/EAF2 is regulated by androgens in the prostate and capable of regulating transcriptional elongation of RNA Pol II via interaction with the ELL family proteins. Inactivation of U19/EAF2 induces tumorigenesis in multiple organs; however the mechanism of U19/EAF2 tumor suppression remains unclear. To elucidate potential mechanisms of U19/EAF2 action, we performed cDNA microarray analysis and identified 164 mRNA transcripts regulated by U19/EAF2 in the mouse ventral prostate. Bioinformatics analysis indicated that U19/EAF2 knockout activates the RAS-BRAF-ERK signaling pathway, which is known to play important roles in carcinogenesis. qPCR verified increased expression of BRAF mRNA, and immunostaining and Western blot analysis demonstrated increased expression of p-ERK at the protein level suggested U19/EAF2 knockout activates this important pathway. These findings indicate that loss of EAF2 up-regulates transcription of RAS cascade genes including Grb2, PI3K, and BRAF, leading to elevated p-ERK levels, which may represent a major functional role of U19/EAF2 in the prostate. Furthermore, these observations suggest that U19/EAF2 is a key player in crosstalk between androgen receptor and the RAS-BRAF-ERK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Su
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15232, USA
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13
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Jowett JBM, Okada Y, Leedman PJ, Curran JE, Johnson MP, Moses EK, Goring HHH, Mochizuki S, Blangero J, Stone L, Allen H, Mitchell C, Matthews VB. ADAM28 is elevated in humans with the metabolic syndrome and is a novel sheddase of human tumour necrosis factor-α. Immunol Cell Biol 2012; 90:966-73. [PMID: 23010875 DOI: 10.1038/icb.2012.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Metalloproteinases are implicated in cleaving numerous proinflammatory mediators from the cell surface. Interestingly, the elevated levels of tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) have been associated with the metabolic syndrome. We aimed to ascertain whether the human metalloproteinase ADAM28 correlates with parameters of the metabolic syndrome and whether ADAM28 is a novel sheddase of human TNF-α. To identify novel metalloproteinases associated with the metabolic syndrome, we conducted microarray studies on peripheral blood mononuclear cells from a well characterised human cohort. Human ADAM28 and TNF-α were overexpressed and ADAM28 expression or activity was reduced with small-interfering RNA (siRNA) or pharmacological inhibition. TNF-α levels were measured in cell supernatant by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. We also conducted ADAM28 inhibition studies in human THP-1 macrophages. Human ADAM28 expression levels were positively correlated with parameters of the metabolic syndrome. When human ADAM28 and TNF-α were overexpressed in HEK293 cells, both proteins co-localised, co-immunoprecipitated and promoted TNF-α shedding. The shedding was significantly reduced when ADAM28 activity was inhibited or ADAM28 expression was downregulated. In human THP-1 macrophages, endogenous ADAM28 and TNF-α were co-expressed and TNF-α shedding was significantly reduced when ADAM28 was inhibited by pharmacological inhibition or siRNA knockdown. Our data suggest a novel mechanistic role for the metalloproteinase ADAM28 in inflammation, obesity and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy B M Jowett
- Genomics and Systems Biology, Baker IDI Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Whelan JT, Chen J, Miller J, Morrow RL, Lingo JD, Merrell K, Shaikh SR, Bridges LC. 9-cis-retinoic acid promotes cell adhesion through integrin dependent and independent mechanisms across immune lineages. J Nutr Biochem 2012; 24:832-41. [PMID: 22925918 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2012.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2012] [Revised: 04/30/2012] [Accepted: 05/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Retinoids are essential in the proper establishment and maintenance of immunity. Although retinoids are implicated in immune related processes, their role in immune cell adhesion has not been well established. In this study, the effect of 9-cis-retinoic acid (9-cis-RA) on human hematopoietic cell adhesion was investigated. 9-cis-RA treatment specifically induced cell adhesion of the human immune cell lines HuT-78, NB4, RPMI 8866 and U937. Due to the prominent role of integrin receptors in mediating immune cell adhesion, we sought to evaluate if cell adhesion was integrin-dependent. By employing a variety of integrin antagonist including function-blocking antibodies and EDTA, we establish that 9-cis-RA prompts immune cell adhesion through established integrin receptors in addition to a novel integrin-independent process. The novel integrin-independent adhesion required the presence of retinoid and was attenuated by treatment with synthetic corticosteroids. Finally, we demonstrate that 9-cis-RA treatment of primary murine B-cells induces ex vivo adhesion that persists in the absence of integrin function. Our study is the first to demonstrate that 9-cis-RA influences immune cell adhesion through at least two functionally distinct mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarrett T Whelan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
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15
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Høye AM, Couchman JR, Wewer UM, Fukami K, Yoneda A. The newcomer in the integrin family: integrin α9 in biology and cancer. Adv Biol Regul 2012; 52:326-339. [PMID: 22781746 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2012.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2012] [Accepted: 03/23/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Integrins are heterodimeric transmembrane receptors regulating cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix interactions. Of the 24 integrin heterodimers identified in humans, α9β1 integrin is one of the least studied. α9, together with α4, comprise a more recent evolutionary sub-family of integrins that is only found in vertebrates. Since α9 was thought to have similar functions as α4, due to many shared ligands, it was a rather overlooked integrin until recently, when its importance for survival after birth was highlighted upon investigation of the α9 knockout mouse. α9β1 is expressed on a wide variety of cell types, interacts with many ligands for example fibronectin, tenascin-C and ADAM12, and has been shown to have important functions in processes such as cell adhesion and migration, lung development, lymphatic and venous valve development, and in wound healing. This has sparked an interest to investigate α9β1-mediated signaling and its regulation. This review gives an overview of the recent progress in α9β1-mediated biological and pathological processes, and discusses its potential as a target for cancer diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anette M Høye
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, The Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, and Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen Biocenter, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, Copenhagen N 2200, Denmark
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16
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Downregulation of integrin receptor-signaling genes by Epstein-Barr virus EBNA 3C via promoter-proximal and -distal binding elements. J Virol 2012; 86:5165-78. [PMID: 22357270 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.07161-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) establishes a persistent latent infection in B lymphocytes and is associated with the development of numerous human tumors. Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen 3C (EBNA 3C) is essential for B-cell immortalization, has potent cell cycle deregulation capabilities, and functions as a regulator of both viral- and cellular-gene expression. We performed transcription profiling on EBNA 3C-expressing B cells and identified several chemokines and members of integrin receptor-signaling pathways, including CCL3, CCL4, CXCL10, CXCL11, ITGA4, ITGB1, ADAM28, and ADAMDEC1, as cellular target genes that could be repressed by the action of EBNA 3C alone. Chemotaxis assays demonstrated that downregulation of CXCL10 and -11 by EBNA 3C is sufficient to reduce the migration of cells expressing the CXCL10 and -11 receptor CXCR3. Gene repression by EBNA 3C was accompanied by decreased histone H3 lysine 9/14 acetylation and increased histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation. In an EBV-positive cell line expressing all latent genes, we identified binding sites for EBNA 3C at ITGB1 and ITGA4 and in a distal regulatory region between ADAMDEC1 and ADAM28, providing the first demonstration of EBNA 3C association with cellular-gene control regions. Our data implicate indirect mechanisms in CXCL10 and CXCL11 repression by EBNA 3C. In summary, we have unveiled key cellular pathways repressed by EBNA 3C that are likely to contribute to the ability of EBV-immortalized cells to modulate immune responses, adhesion, and B-lymphocyte migration to facilitate persistence in the host.
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17
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Modulation of integrin α4β1 by ADAM28 promotes lymphocyte adhesion and transendothelial migration. Cell Biol Int 2012; 35:1043-53. [PMID: 21332445 DOI: 10.1042/cbi20100885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
ADAMs (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase) are a family of type I transmembrane glycoproteins related to snake venom metalloproteases and disintegrins. They are regulatory proteins that modulate intercellular adhesion and the bioavailability of growth factors, and have been implicated in many disease states, including cancer, immunity and inflammation. One member of the ADAM family, ADAM28, has been reported to bind to the integrin α4β1 in humans; however, the distribution of ADAM28 and the biological consequences of ADAM28-α4β1 interactions are yet to be fully elucidated. The expression of ADAM28 in human and murine tissues was examined by multiple Affymetrix microarray analyses, real-time RT-PCR (reverse transcription-PCR) and immunohistochemical staining. We found that ADAM28 has a relatively restricted expression pattern in mouse and human and is highly expressed in the B-lymphocyte lineage, including chronic lymphocytic leukaemic B-cells. The murine B-lymphoma line L1-2 and recombinant soluble murine ADAM28 were used to investigate ADAM28-α4β1 interactions. Our data reveal that ADAM28 binding to α4β1 is typical of integrin-ligand interactions, since it is attenuated by anti-functional integrin antibodies, and is enhanced by Mn2+ and the integrin mAb (monoclonal antibody) 9EG7. However, a key finding was that soluble ADAM28 unexpectedly enhanced α4β1-dependent cell adhesion to VCAM-1 (vascular cell adhesion molecule-1). In so doing ADAM28 was able to influence lymphocyte adhesion to, and migration through, endothelial monolayers, suggesting a physiological role for ADAM28 in regulating the specific spatial and temporal transendothelial migration of lymphocytes.
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18
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Orange JS, Glessner JT, Resnick E, Sullivan KE, Lucas M, Ferry B, Kim CE, Hou C, Wang F, Chiavacci R, Kugathasan S, Sleasman JW, Baldassano R, Perez EE, Chapel H, Cunningham-Rundles C, Hakonarson H. Genome-wide association identifies diverse causes of common variable immunodeficiency. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2011; 127:1360-7.e6. [PMID: 21497890 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2011.02.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2011] [Accepted: 02/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is a heterogeneous immune defect characterized by hypogammaglobulinemia, failure of specific antibody production, susceptibility to infections, and an array of comorbidities. OBJECTIVE To address the underlying immunopathogenesis of CVID and comorbidities, we conducted the first genome-wide association and gene copy number variation (CNV) study in patients with CVID. METHODS Three hundred sixty-three patients with CVID from 4 study sites were genotyped with 610,000 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Patients were divided into a discovery cohort of 179 cases in comparison with 1,917 control subjects and a replication cohort of 109 cases and 1,114 control subjects. RESULTS Our analyses detected strong association with the MHC region and association with a disintegrin and metalloproteinase (ADAM) genes (P combined = 1.96 × 10(-7)) replicated in the independent cohort. CNV analysis defined 16 disease-associated deletions and duplications, including duplication of origin recognition complex 4L (ORC4L) that was unique to 15 cases (P = 8.66 × 10(-16)), as well as numerous unique rare intraexonic deletions and duplications suggesting multiple novel genetic causes of CVID. Furthermore, the 1,000 most significant SNPs were strongly predictive of the CVID phenotype by using a Support Vector Machine algorithm with positive and negative predictive values of 1.0 and 0.957, respectively. CONCLUSION Our integrative genome-wide analysis of SNP genotypes and CNVs has uncovered multiple novel susceptibility loci for CVID, both common and rare, which is consistent with the highly heterogeneous nature of CVID. These results provide new mechanistic insights into immunopathogenesis based on these unique genetic variations and might allow for improved diagnosis of CVID based on accurate prediction of the CVID clinical phenotypes by using our Support Vector Machine model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan S Orange
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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"A rose is a rose is a rose," but CVID is Not CVID common variable immune deficiency (CVID), what do we know in 2011? Adv Immunol 2011; 111:47-107. [PMID: 21970952 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-385991-4.00002-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Common variable immune deficiency (CVID) is the commonest symptomatic primary immunodeficiency and represents a heterogenous collection of disorders resulting mostly in antibody deficiency and recurrent infections. However, autoimmunity, granulomatous inflammation and malignancy frequently occur as part of the syndrome. The etiology of the condition has been poorly understood although in recent years, significant progress has been made in elucidating genetic mechanisms that can result in a CVID phenotype. In parallel to this, advances in treatment of the condition have also resulted in improved survival and quality of life for patients. There still remains significant work to be done in improving our understanding of the disease. In addition, recognition of the condition remains poor with significant diagnostic delays and avoidable morbidity. In this article, we review CVID with a particular focus on the areas of improving diagnosis and classification, recent developments in understanding the underlying etiology and genetics; and current treatment and monitoring recommendations for patients.
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20
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Lu D, Scully M, Kakkar V, Lu X. ADAM-15 disintegrin-like domain structure and function. Toxins (Basel) 2010; 2:2411-27. [PMID: 22069559 PMCID: PMC3153164 DOI: 10.3390/toxins2102411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2010] [Revised: 10/13/2010] [Accepted: 10/18/2010] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The ADAM (a disintegrin-like and metalloproteinase) proteins are a family of transmembrane cell-surface proteins with important functions in adhesion and proteolytic processing in all animals. Human ADAM-15 is the only member of the ADAM family with the integrin binding motif Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) in its disintegrin-like domain. This motif is also found in most snake venom disintegrins and other disintegrin-like proteins. This unique RGD motif within ADAM-15 serves as an integrin ligand binding site, through which it plays a pivotal role in interacting with integrin receptors, a large family of heterodimeric transmembrane glycoproteins. This manuscript will present a review of the RGD-containing disintegrin-like domain structures and the structural features responsible for their activity as antagonists of integrin function in relation to the canonical RGD template.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Lu
- Thrombosis Research Institute, Manresa Road, London, SW3 6LR, UK; (D.L.); (M.S.); (V.K.)
- Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Mike Scully
- Thrombosis Research Institute, Manresa Road, London, SW3 6LR, UK; (D.L.); (M.S.); (V.K.)
| | - Vijay Kakkar
- Thrombosis Research Institute, Manresa Road, London, SW3 6LR, UK; (D.L.); (M.S.); (V.K.)
| | - Xinjie Lu
- Thrombosis Research Institute, Manresa Road, London, SW3 6LR, UK; (D.L.); (M.S.); (V.K.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; ; Tel.: +44-0207-351-8312; Fax: +44-0207-351-8324
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21
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Abstract
Although biologic agents directed against tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) continue to be an effective therapeutic strategy for patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), approximately 30% of patients with Crohn's disease (CD) who are refractory to standard treatment do not respond to induction therapy with TNFα inhibitors and, of those who initially respond, 50% or more cease to respond within a year. Moreover, their use can be associated with significant safety issues. Clearly, there is a need to target alternative pathways involved in the inflammatory process. IBD is driven by the trafficking of lymphocytes from the circulation into the gut tissue that is mediated by adhesive interactions between the lymphocytes and endothelial cells. The adhesion molecules involved represent attractive targets for the development of new therapeutics which should aid in the resolution of existing inflammation, prevent recurrence of inflammation, and may potentially lead to long-term control of disease. In this article we review current opportunities and challenges facing anti-adhesion therapy in IBD, and discusses recent clinical development efforts that have focused on having an impact on two particular adhesive interactions: α(4)-integrin/MAdCAM-1 and β(2)-integrin/ICAM-1. Of particular interest is natalizumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody against human α(4) integrin that is approved for the treatment of patients with moderately-to-severely active CD and evidence of active inflammation. This agent represents an efficacious therapeutic option for patients who do not respond to, or have failed, a TNF-α inhibitor.
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22
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All-trans retinoic acid-induced ADAM28 degrades proteoglycans in human chondrocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2009; 386:294-9. [PMID: 19527685 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.06.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2009] [Accepted: 06/04/2009] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In order to elucidate the mechanism of cartilage degradation in osteoarthritis (OA), we established a cell assay system. Under the stimulation of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), the human chondrosarcoma cell line HCS-2/8 increased proteoglycan release from inactivated bovine nasal cartilage (BNC) and the results suggested the involvement of membrane-bound metalloproteinase(s). Therefore, we focused on the induction of a disintegrin and metalloproteinase (ADAM) superfamily upon ATRA stimulation. Of all ADAMs tested, only ADAM28 was induced by ATRA in HCS-2/8 cells and also in human primary chondrocytes. We found that transfection of ADAM28 or its alternatively spliced soluble form augmented proteoglycan release in the cell assay; however, a mutant soluble form in which a portion of the disintegrin domain was deleted did not have proteoglycan-releasing activity, implying the importance of the domain for enzyme localization and substrate recognition for cartilage degradation in OA.
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Woodside DG, Vanderslice P. Cell adhesion antagonists: therapeutic potential in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. BioDrugs 2008; 22:85-100. [PMID: 18345706 DOI: 10.2165/00063030-200822020-00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma are inflammatory diseases of the lung where a hallmark feature is excessive leukocyte infiltration that leads to tissue injury. Cell adhesion molecules (e.g. selectins and integrins) play a key role in cell trafficking, and in the lung they regulate leukocyte extravasation, migration within the interstitium, cellular activation, and tissue retention. All selectin family members (including L-selectin, P-selectin, and E-selectin) and many of the beta1 and beta2 integrins appear to be important therapeutic targets, as numerous animal studies have demonstrated essential roles for these cell adhesion molecules in lung inflammation. Not surprisingly, these families of adhesion molecules have been under intense investigation by the pharmaceutical industry for the development of novel therapeutics. Integrins are validated drug targets, as drugs that antagonize integrin alphaIIbbeta3 (e.g. abciximab), integrin alphaLbeta2 (efalizumab), and integrin alpha4beta1 (natalizumab) are currently US FDA-approved for acute coronary syndromes, psoriasis, and multiple sclerosis, respectively. However, none has been approved for indications related to asthma or COPD. Here, we provide an overview of roles played by selectins and integrins in lung inflammation. We also describe recent clinical results (both failures and successes) in developing adhesion molecule antagonists, with specific emphasis on those targets that may have potential benefit in asthma and COPD. Early clinical trials using selectin and integrin antagonists have met with limited success. However, recent positive phase II clinical trials with a small-molecule selectin antagonist (bimosiamose) and a small-molecule integrin alpha4beta1 antagonist (valategrast [R411]), have generated enthusiastic anticipation that novel strategies to treat asthma and COPD may be forthcoming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren G Woodside
- Department of Drug Discovery, Biological Sciences, Encysive Pharmaceuticals Inc., Houston, Texas, USA.
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24
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Bridges LC, Lingo JD, Grandon RA, Kelley MD. All-trans-Retinoic Acid Induces Integrin-Independent B-Cell Adhesion to ADAM Disintegrin Domains. Biochemistry 2008; 47:4544-51. [DOI: 10.1021/bi702447u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lance C. Bridges
- Department of Chemistry, University of Central Arkansas, Conway, Arkansas 72035
| | - Joshuah D. Lingo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Central Arkansas, Conway, Arkansas 72035
| | - Rachel A. Grandon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Central Arkansas, Conway, Arkansas 72035
| | - Melissa D. Kelley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Central Arkansas, Conway, Arkansas 72035
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25
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Owen CA. Leukocyte cell surface proteinases: regulation of expression, functions, and mechanisms of surface localization. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2008; 40:1246-72. [PMID: 18329945 PMCID: PMC2425676 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2008.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2007] [Revised: 01/15/2008] [Accepted: 01/15/2008] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A number of proteinases are expressed on the surface of leukocytes including members of the serine, metallo-, and cysteine proteinase superfamilies. Some proteinases are anchored to the plasma membrane of leukocytes by a transmembrane domain or a glycosyl phosphatidyl inositol (GPI) anchor. Other proteinases bind with high affinity to classical receptors, or with lower affinity to integrins, proteoglycans, or other leukocyte surface molecules. Leukocyte surface levels of proteinases are regulated by: (1) cytokines, chemokines, bacterial products, and growth factors which stimulate synthesis and/or release of proteinases by cells; (2) the availability of surface binding sites for proteinases; and/or (3) internalization or shedding of surface-bound proteinases. The binding of proteinases to leukocyte surfaces serves many functions including: (1) concentrating the activity of proteinases to the immediate pericellular environment; (2) facilitating pro-enzyme activation; (3) increasing proteinase stability and retention in the extracellular space; (4) regulating leukocyte function by proteinases signaling through cell surface binding sites or other surface proteins; and (5) protecting proteinases from inhibition by extracellular proteinase inhibitors. There is strong evidence that membrane-associated proteinases on leukocytes play critical roles in wound healing, inflammation, extracellular matrix remodeling, fibrinolysis, and coagulation. This review will outline the biology of membrane-associated proteinases expressed by leukocytes and their roles in physiologic and pathologic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline A Owen
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 905 Thorn Building, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, United States.
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26
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Shimoda M, Hashimoto G, Mochizuki S, Ikeda E, Nagai N, Ishida S, Okada Y. Binding of ADAM28 to P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 enhances P-selectin-mediated leukocyte adhesion to endothelial cells. J Biol Chem 2007; 282:25864-74. [PMID: 17597069 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m702414200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
ADAMs (a disintegrin and metalloproteinases) are a recently discovered gene family of multifunctional proteins with the disintegrin-like and metalloproteinase domains. To analyze the biological functions of ADAM28, we screened binding molecules to secreted-type ADAM28 (ADAM28s) by the yeast two-hybrid system and identified P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1). Binding between the disintegrin-like domain of ADAM28s and the extracellular portion of PSGL-1 was determined by yeast two-hybrid assays, binding assays of the domain-specific recombinant ADAM28s species using PSGL-1 stable transfectants and leukocyte cell lines expressing native PSGL-1 (HL-60 cells and Jurkat cells), and co-immunolocalization and co-immunoprecipitation of the molecules in these cells. Incubation of HL-60 cells with recombinant ADAM28s enhanced the binding to P-selectin-coated wells and P-selectin-expressing endothelial cells. In addition, intravenous injection of ADAM28s-treated HL-60 cells increased their accumulation in the pulmonary microcirculation and alveolar spaces in a mouse model of endotoxin-induced inflammation. These data suggest a novel function that ADAM28s promotes PSGL-1/P-selectin-mediated leukocyte rolling adhesion to endothelial cells and subsequent infiltration into tissue spaces through interaction with PSGL-1 on leukocytes under inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Shimoda
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-0016, Japan
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27
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Davies B, Behnen M, Cappallo-Obermann H, Spiess AN, Theuring F, Kirchhoff C. Novel epididymis-specific mRNAs downregulated by HE6/Gpr64 receptor gene disruption. Mol Reprod Dev 2007; 74:539-53. [PMID: 17034053 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.20636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Targeted disruption of the epididymis-specific HE6/Gpr64 receptor gene in mice led to male infertility. In order to characterize the phenotype at a molecular level, we compared the gene expression patterns of wild type (wt) versus knockout (KO) caput epididymides. The caput region of KO males, although morphologically normal, nevertheless showed an aberrant expression pattern. Combining micro array analysis, differential library screening, Northern blot analysis and quantitative RT-PCR, we found that the knockout of the HE6/Gpr64 receptor was mainly associated with the downregulation of genes specific to the initial segment. The list of KO downregulated transcripts comprised Enpp2/autotaxin, the lipocalins 8 and 9, the beta-defensin Defb42, cystatins 8 and 12, as well as the membrane proteins Adam (A Disintegrin And Metalloprotease) 28, claudin-10, EAAC1, and the novel Me9. Clusterin/ApoJ and osteopontin/Spp1 mRNAs, on the other hand, were upregulated in the KO tissues. The Me9 transcript was studied in further detail, and we report here a cluster of related epididymis-specific genes. Me9 is specifically expressed in the initial segment and is representative of a novel and highly conserved mammalian gene family. The family consists of single-exon genes only; intron-containing paralogs have not yet been ascertained. The cloned cDNA sequences predicted hydrophobic polytopic membrane proteins containing the DUF716 motif. Protein expression was shown in the rodent caput epididymidis but remained uncertain in primates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Davies
- CCR Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Charite-University Medicine, Berlin, and IHF Institute for Hormone and Fertility Research, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
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28
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Van Assche G, Vermeire S, Rutgeerts P. Focus on mechanisms of inflammation in inflammatory bowel disease sites of inhibition: current and future therapies. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 2006; 35:743-56. [PMID: 17129811 DOI: 10.1016/j.gtc.2006.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
Anti-TNF antibodies were the first biologic agents registered to treat patients who have CD and, more recently, patients who have UC. The sequence of events underlying the inflammatory reaction in IBD is extremely complex, however, and involves both the innate and antigen-driven adaptive immune system. Novel therapies are directed at several key players of this cascade. Blockade of T-cell proliferation and activation and inhibition of T-cell cytokines has been most extensively targeted by clinical trials in humans. Inhibition of adhesion molecules and the use of selected growth factors seem to have therapeutic potential. Restoration of regulatory T-cell and dendritic-cell function is still waiting to be explored in clinical trials. Although an increasing number of biologic therapies for IBD are being developed, the discovery of the full spectrum of treatment modalities is only beginning. Often, however, the clinical efficacy of biologic agents is investigated, and for some molecules is established, before mechanisms of action are specifically explored. Eight years after the Food and Drug Administration approved infliximab for the treatment of luminal CD, it is not known how this anti-TNF antibody actually dampens inflammation in IBD. The advent of newer anti-TNF agents is only postponing the answer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gert Van Assche
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Leuven Hospitals, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
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Reiss K, Ludwig A, Saftig P. Breaking up the tie: Disintegrin-like metalloproteinases as regulators of cell migration in inflammation and invasion. Pharmacol Ther 2006; 111:985-1006. [PMID: 16626807 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2006.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2006] [Accepted: 02/28/2006] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cell adhesion and cell migration are essential for a variety of important events in both embryonic development and in the adult organism. Cell adhesion molecules (CAM) like selectins, immunoglobulin superfamily members, integrins, and cadherins undergo diverse mechanisms of regulation. Dysregulation of adhesion can lead to pathological processes, including inflammatory diseases or tumor metastasis either by disrupting the normal anchorage, thereby altering cell movement and regulatory signalling, or by promoting inappropriate temporal and spatial adhesion. An increasing body of evidence has emerged showing that members of the a disintegrin and metalloproteinase (ADAM) family critically contribute to the regulation of CAM functions. While the disintegrin domain can interact with integrins and mediate adhesion, the metalloproteinase domain can mediate anti-adhesive functions by cleaving the membrane bound adhesion molecules. This "shedding" process leads to the release of often still functional soluble ectodomains and can additionally influence intracellular cell signalling pathways. Several soluble CAMs have been detected in vitro and in vivo. Some of them are strongly increased in inflammatory diseases or in the serum of cancer patients. Therefore the level of soluble CAMs but also the expression of the metalloproteinases responsible for their release might provide prognostic information. It could also be useful for monitoring malignant disease stages and for evaluating the effectiveness of various therapeutic approaches. Moreover, metalloproteases of the ADAM family are emerging as promising targets for new therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Reiss
- Biochemical Institute, Christian-Albrecht-University Kiel, Olshausenstr. 40, D-24098 Kiel, Germany
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Keating DT, Sadlier DM, Patricelli A, Smith SM, Walls D, Egan JJ, Doran PP. Microarray identifies ADAM family members as key responders to TGF-beta1 in alveolar epithelial cells. Respir Res 2006; 7:114. [PMID: 16948840 PMCID: PMC1569837 DOI: 10.1186/1465-9921-7-114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2006] [Accepted: 09/01/2006] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) remain elusive. Transforming Growth Factor beta 1(TGF-β1) is a key effector cytokine in the development of lung fibrosis. We used microarray and computational biology strategies to identify genes whose expression is significantly altered in alveolar epithelial cells (A549) in response to TGF-β1, IL-4 and IL-13 and Epstein Barr virus. A549 cells were exposed to 10 ng/ml TGF-β1, IL-4 and IL-13 at serial time points. Total RNA was used for hybridisation to Affymetrix Human Genome U133A microarrays. Each in vitro time-point was studied in duplicate and an average RMA value computed. Expression data for each time point was compared to control and a signal log ratio of 0.6 or greater taken to identify significant differential regulation. Using normalised RMA values and unsupervised Average Linkage Hierarchical Cluster Analysis, a list of 312 extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins or modulators of matrix turnover was curated via Onto-Compare and Gene-Ontology (GO) databases for baited cluster analysis of ECM associated genes. Interrogation of the dataset using ontological classification focused cluster analysis revealed coordinate differential expression of a large cohort of extracellular matrix associated genes. Of this grouping members of the ADAM (A disintegrin and Metalloproteinase domain containing) family of genes were differentially expressed. ADAM gene expression was also identified in EBV infected A549 cells as well as IL-13 and IL-4 stimulated cells. We probed pathologenomic activities (activation and functional activity) of ADAM19 and ADAMTS9 using siRNA and collagen assays. Knockdown of these genes resulted in diminished production of collagen in A549 cells exposed to TGF-β1, suggesting a potential role for these molecules in ECM accumulation in IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic T Keating
- General Clinical Research Unit, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University College Dublin, Dublin 7, Ireland
- Advanced Lung Disease Programme and Lung Transplant Unit, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital
| | - Denise M Sadlier
- General Clinical Research Unit, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University College Dublin, Dublin 7, Ireland
| | - Andrea Patricelli
- General Clinical Research Unit, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University College Dublin, Dublin 7, Ireland
| | - Sinead M Smith
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Dermot Walls
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jim J Egan
- Advanced Lung Disease Programme and Lung Transplant Unit, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital
| | - Peter P Doran
- General Clinical Research Unit, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University College Dublin, Dublin 7, Ireland
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquín Arribas
- Medical Oncology Research Program, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital Research Institute, 08035, Barcelona, Spain.
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Tousseyn T, Jorissen E, Reiss K, Hartmann D. (Make) stick and cut loose--disintegrin metalloproteases in development and disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 78:24-46. [PMID: 16622847 DOI: 10.1002/bdrc.20066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
"A disintegrin and metalloprotease" (ADAM) proteases form a still growing family of about 40 type 1 transmembrane proteins. They are defined by a common modular ectodomain architecture that combines cell deadhesion/adhesion and fusion motifs (disintegrin and cysteine-rich domains), with a Zn-protease domain capped by a large prodomain. Their ectodomain thus strikingly resembles snake venom disintegrin proteases, which by combined integrin blocking and extracellular proteolysis, can cause extensive tissue damage after snake bites. A surprisingly large proportion (13 ADAMs) is exclusively expressed in the male gonads, and only a minority can be found throughout all tissues. As predicted by their amino acid sequence, a major proportion of this family has not maintained a functional protease domain, most probably rendering them into pure adhesion and/or fusion proteins. For most ADAMs, the respective key function has remained elusive. Despite their overall conserved ectodomain structure, ADAMs appear to be subdivided into those with a predominant role in direct adhesion (e.g., ADAMs 1, 2, and 3) and those mainly acting as proteases (e.g., ADAMs 10 and 17). Only for a few of them are functions of more than one domain documented (e.g., ADAM9 in cell fusion and proteolysis). Several ADAMs exist in both membrane-resident and secreted isoforms; the functional significance of this dichotomy is in most cases still unclear. Knockout phenotypes have been informative only in a few cases (ADAMs 1, 2, 10, 12, 15, 17, and 19) and are mainly related to their protease function. A common denominator of ADAM-mediated proteolysis is the ectodomain shedding of a broad spectrum of substrates, including paracrine growth factors like epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) ligands, cell adhesion molecules like CD44 or cadherins, and the initiation of regulated intramembrane proteolysis (RIP), whereby the transmembrane fragment of the respective substrate is further cleaved by an intramembrane cleaving protease to release an intracellular domain acting as a nuclear transcription regulator. Most ADAMs feature a significant overlap of substrate specificities, explaining why an inactivation of individual ADAMs only rarely causes major phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Tousseyn
- Laboratory for Neuronal Cell Biology and Gene Transfer, Department for Human Genetics, K.U. Leuven and Flanders Interuniversity Institute for Biotechnology, Leuven/Flanders, Belgium
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Ohtsuka T, Shiomi T, Shimoda M, Kodama T, Amour A, Murphy G, Ohuchi E, Kobayashi K, Okada Y. ADAM28 is overexpressed in human non-small cell lung carcinomas and correlates with cell proliferation and lymph node metastasis. Int J Cancer 2006; 118:263-73. [PMID: 16052521 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.21324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
ADAM (a disintegrin and metalloproteinases) are a recently discovered gene family of proteins with sequence similarity to the reprolysin family of snake venom metalloproteinases, and about one-third of the family members have the catalytic site consensus sequence in their metalloproteinase domains. We screened the mRNA expression of 11 different ADAM species with putative metalloproteinase activity in human non-small cell lung carcinomas by RT-PCR, and found that prototype membrane-anchored ADAM28 (ADAM28m) and secreted ADAM28 (ADAM28s) are predominantly expressed in the carcinoma tissues. Real-time quantitative PCR demonstrated that the expression levels of ADAM28m and ADAM28s are significantly 16.8-fold and 9.0-fold higher in the carcinomas than in the non-carcinoma tissues, respectively. In addition, the expression levels of ADAM28m and ADAM28s were significantly higher in the carcinomas with >30 mm in diameter than in those < or =30 mm. The expression levels were also significantly higher in the carcinomas with lymph node metastasis than in those without metastasis. MIB1-positive cell index of the carcinomas had a direct correlation with the expression levels of ADAM28m and ADAM28s (r = 0.667, p < 0.001 and r = 0.535, p < 0.01, respectively). In situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry demonstrated that ADAM28 is expressed predominantly in the carcinoma cells. Immunoblot analysis showed the activated form of ADAM28 in the carcinoma tissues. These data demonstrate for the first time that ADAM28 is overexpressed and activated in human non-small cell lung carcinomas, and suggest the possibility that ADAM28 plays a role in cell proliferation and progression of the human lung carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Ohtsuka
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
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González-Amaro R, Mittelbrunn M, Sánchez-Madrid F. Therapeutic anti-integrin (alpha4 and alphaL) monoclonal antibodies: two-edged swords? Immunology 2005; 116:289-96. [PMID: 16236118 PMCID: PMC1802423 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2005.02225.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-alpha4 and anti-alphaL integrin chain monoclonal antibodies have shown a clear-cut beneficial effect in different animal models of autoimmune and inflammatory disorders as well as in human diseases, including multiple sclerosis, inflammatory bowel disease, and psoriasis. It has been widely assumed that this therapeutic effect is mainly consequence of the blockade of leucocyte adhesion to endothelium, inhibiting thus their extravasation and the inflammatory phenomenon. However, it is evident that both alpha4beta1 (very late antigen-4) and alphaLbeta2 (leucocyte function-associated antigen-1) integrins have additional important roles in other immune phenomena, including the formation of the immune synapse and the differentiation of T helper 1 lymphocytes. Therefore, it is very feasible that the long-term administration of blocking agents directed against these integrins to patients with inflammatory/autoimmune conditions may have undesirable or unexpected effects.
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Bridges LC, Sheppard D, Bowditch RD. ADAM disintegrin-like domain recognition by the lymphocyte integrins alpha4beta1 and alpha4beta7. Biochem J 2005; 387:101-8. [PMID: 15504110 PMCID: PMC1134937 DOI: 10.1042/bj20041444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The ADAM (a disintegrin and metalloprotease) family of proteins possess both proteolytic and adhesive domains. We have established previously that the disintegrin domain of ADAM28, an ADAM expressed by human lymphocytes, is recognized by the integrin alpha4beta1. The present study characterizes the integrin binding properties of the disintegrin-like domains of human ADAM7, ADAM28 and ADAM33 with the integrins alpha4beta1, alpha4beta7 and alpha9beta1. Cell-adhesion assays demonstrated that, similar to ADAM28, the ADAM7 disintegrin domain supported alpha4beta1-dependent Jurkat cell adhesion, whereas the ADAM33 disintegrin domain did not. The lymphocyte integrin alpha4beta7 was also found to recognize both disintegrin domains of ADAM7 and ADAM28, but not of ADAM33. This is the first demonstration that mammalian disintegrins are capable of interacting with alpha4beta7. All three disintegrin domains supported alpha9beta1-dependent cell adhesion. Recognition by both alpha4beta1 and alpha4beta7 of ADAM7 and ADAM28 was activation-dependent, requiring either the presence of Mn2+ or an activating monoclonal antibody for cell attachment. Charge-to-alanine mutagenesis experiments revealed that the same residues within an individual ADAM disintegrin domain function in recognizing multiple integrins. However, the residues within a specific region of each ADAM disintegrin-like domain required for integrin binding were distinct. These results establish that ADAM7 and ADAM28 are recognized by the leucocyte integrins alpha4beta1, alpha4beta7 and alpha9beta1. ADAM33 exclusively supported only alpha9beta1-dependent adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lance C Bridges
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73190, USA.
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Mahimkar R, Visaya O, Pollock A, Lovett D. The disintegrin domain of ADAM9: a ligand for multiple beta1 renal integrins. Biochem J 2005; 385:461-8. [PMID: 15361064 PMCID: PMC1134717 DOI: 10.1042/bj20041133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Renal tubular epithelial cells in all nephron segments express a distinct member of the metalloprotease-disintegrin family, ADAM9 (a disintegrin and metalloprotease 9), in a punctate basolateral distribution co-localized to the beta1 integrin chain [Mahimkar, Baricos, Visaya, Pollock and Lovett (2000) J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 11, 595-603]. Discrete segments of the nephron express several defined beta1 integrins, suggesting that ADAM9 interacts with multiple renal integrins and thereby regulates epithelial cell-matrix interactions. Intact ADAM9 and a series of deletion constructs sequentially lacking the metalloprotease domain and the disintegrin domain were assembled as chimaeras with a C-terminal GFP (green fluorescent protein) tag. Stable expression of the ADAM9/GFP protein on the surface of HEK-293 cells (human embryonic kidney 293 cells) significantly decreased adhesion to types I and IV collagen, vitronectin and laminin, but had little effect on adhesion to fibronectin. Expression of the disintegrin/cysteine-rich/GFP construct yielded a similar, but more marked pattern of decreased adhesion. Expression of the cysteine-rich/GFP construct had no effect on adhesion, indicating that the disintegrin domain was responsible for the competitive inhibition of cell-matrix binding. To define the specific renal tubular beta1 integrins interacting with the ADAM9 disintegrin domain, a recombinant GST (glutathione S-transferase)-disintegrin protein was used as a substrate in adhesion assays in the presence or absence of specific integrin-blocking antibodies. Inclusion of antibodies to alpha1, alpha3, alpha6, alphav and beta1 blocked adhesion of HEK-293 cells to GST-disintegrin protein. Immobilized GST-disintegrin domain perfused with renal cortical lysates specifically recovered the alpha3, alpha6, alphav and beta1 integrin chains by Western analysis. It is concluded that ADAM9 is a polyvalent ligand, through its disintegrin domain, for multiple renal integrins of the beta1 class.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeev M. Mahimkar
- Department of Medicine, San Francisco Veterans Administration Medical Center/University of California at San Francisco, 4150 Clement Street, San Francisco, CA 94121, U.S.A
| | - Orvin Visaya
- Department of Medicine, San Francisco Veterans Administration Medical Center/University of California at San Francisco, 4150 Clement Street, San Francisco, CA 94121, U.S.A
| | - Allan S. Pollock
- Department of Medicine, San Francisco Veterans Administration Medical Center/University of California at San Francisco, 4150 Clement Street, San Francisco, CA 94121, U.S.A
| | - David H. Lovett
- Department of Medicine, San Francisco Veterans Administration Medical Center/University of California at San Francisco, 4150 Clement Street, San Francisco, CA 94121, U.S.A
- To whom correspondence should be addressed (email )
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Yi H, Gruszczynska-Biegala J, Wood D, Zhao Z, Zolkiewska A. Cooperation of the metalloprotease, disintegrin, and cysteine-rich domains of ADAM12 during inhibition of myogenic differentiation. J Biol Chem 2005; 280:23475-83. [PMID: 15849365 PMCID: PMC2674645 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m413550200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular domain of the mature form of ADAM12 consists of the metalloprotease, disintegrin, cysteine-rich, and epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like domains. The disintegrin, cysteine-rich, and EGF-like fragments have been shown previously to support cell adhesion via activated integrins or proteoglycans. In this study, we report that the entire extracellular domain of mouse ADAM12 produced in Drosophila S2 cells supported efficient adhesion and spreading of C2C12 myoblasts even in the absence of exogenous integrin activators. This adhesion was not mediated by beta1 integrins or proteoglycans, was myoblast-specific, and required the presence of both the metalloprotease and disintegrin/cysteine-rich domains of ADAM12. Analysis of the recombinant proteins by far-UV circular dichroism suggested that the secondary structures of the autonomously expressed metalloprotease domain and the disintegrin/cysteine-rich/EGF-like domains differ from the structures present in the intact extracellular domain. Furthermore, the intact extracellular domain (but not the metalloprotease domain or the disintegrin/cysteine-rich/EGF-like fragment alone) decreased the expression of the cell cycle inhibitor p21 and myogenin, two markers of differentiation, and inhibited C2C12 myoblast fusion. Thus, the novel protein-protein interaction reported here involving the extracellular domain of ADAM12 may have important biological consequences during myoblast differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiqing Yi
- Department of Biochemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
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Holgate ST, Davies DE, Powell RM, Holloway JW. ADAM33: a newly identified protease involved in airway remodelling. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2005; 19:3-11. [PMID: 15953744 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2005.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2005] [Revised: 02/14/2005] [Accepted: 02/22/2005] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is a complex disorder in which major genetic and environmental factors interact to both initiate the disease and modify its progression. While asthma is recognised as a disorder of the conducting airways characterised by Th2-directed inflammation, it is being increasingly apparent that alteration of the structural cells of the airways (airway remodelling) is also fundamental to disease chronicity and severity. The gene ADAM33, encoding a novel member of a identified as an asthma susceptibility gene as the result of a positional cloning effort in a cohort of families recruited form the UK and USA. Subsequent genetic studies have now provided evidence that ADAM33 may be involved in determining lung function throughout life, associated with early life lung function as well as increased decline therapeutic intervention in asthma and future work will focus on the mechanisms by which it alters lung function and bronchial hyperresponsiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen T Holgate
- School of Medicine, University of Southampton, SO17 1BJ Southampton, UK
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40
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Goldsmith AP, Gossage SJ, ffrench-Constant C. ADAM23 is a cell-surface glycoprotein expressed by central nervous system neurons. J Neurosci Res 2005; 78:647-58. [PMID: 15505805 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.20320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Several members of the ADAM (a disintegrin and metalloprotease) family of proteins have been implicated in biological processes ranging from fertilization to myoblast fusion and neural cell fate determination. These proteins have so far been studied mostly in terms of their protease activity, but a considerable amount of evidence suggests that many ADAMs are also important as receptors for cell-surface integrins. We have shown that, for one such member of the family, ADAM23, mRNA transcripts are expressed in neuronal cells throughout the rat brain, at all stages of postnatal development, and that particularly high transcript concentrations are found in the hippocampus and cerebellum. Using an antibody that we raised against the rat ADAM23 disintegrin domain, we found that ADAM23 is present at detectable levels only in nervous system tissue. Our analysis of ADAM23 expression in cultured cerebellar granule cells (CGCs) furthermore suggested that this protein is synthesized as a glycosylated precursor of about 100 kD whose maturation depends on cleavage by furin or a related enzyme. We have also shown ADAM23 to be expressed primarily as a cell-surface protein that appears to be localized to sites of intercellular contact. Taken together, these data are consistent with a model wherein ADAM23 serves to mediate cell-cell interactions within the mammalian CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander P Goldsmith
- Departments of Pathology and Medical Genetics and Cambridge Centre for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Holgate ST, Davies DE, Rorke S, Cakebread J, Murphy G, Powell RM, Holloway JW. ADAM 33 and its association with airway remodeling and hyperresponsiveness in asthma. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2005; 27:23-34. [PMID: 15347848 DOI: 10.1385/criai:27:1:023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Asthma is known to be a Th2 inflammatory syndrome that leads to intermittent airway obstruction. However, the mechanisms involved in development of the clinical features remain enigmatic, although genetic elements clearly are involved. Recently, based on a large genome wide screen involving families in the United Kingdom and the United States with at least two siblings with asthma, a locus was identified that encoded for a family of proteases. This group of proteins is now known as the ADAM superfamily. In this review, we discuss the ADAM superfamily and, in particular, ADAM 33, a member of a family of genes which encode a subgroup of zinc dependent metalloproteinase (metzincin). The potential for therapeutic intervention with ADAM 33 is extremely attractive and further work will not only focus on the specific domains of ADAM 33, but also the mechanisms by which they lead to bronchial hyperreactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen T Holgate
- Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology Research Division, School of Medicine, University of Southampton, UK, University of Cambridge, UK.
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Van Assche G, Rutgeerts P. Physiological basis for novel drug therapies used to treat the inflammatory bowel diseases. I. Immunology and therapeutic potential of antiadhesion molecule therapy in inflammatory bowel disease. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2005; 288:G169-74. [PMID: 15647604 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00423.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Adhesion molecules regulate the influx of leukocytes in normal and inflamed gut. They are also involved in local lymphocyte stimulation and antigen presentation within the intestinal mucosa. In intestinal inflammation, many adhesion molecules are upregulated, but alpha4-integrins most likely hold a key position in directing leukocytes into the inflamed bowel wall. Therapeutic compounds directed against trafficking of leukocytes have been designed and are being developed as a novel class of drugs in the treatment of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. This review deals with the immunological aspects of leukocyte trafficking focused on gut homing of T cells. Second, the changes in adhesion molecules and T cell trafficking during intestinal inflammation are discussed. Finally, we review the clinical data that have been gathered with respect to the therapeutic potential and the safety of antiadhesion molecule treatment. Antegren, or natalizumab, a humanized anti-alpha4 integrin IgG4 antibody, has been most extensively evaluated and may be close to registration. A more specific humanized alpha4beta7-integrin MLN-02 has shown preliminary clinical efficacy in ulcerative colitis, and both antergren and MLN-02 appear to be very safe. Trials with the anti-ICAM-1 antisense oligonucleotide ISIS-2302 in steroid refractory Crohn's disease have provided conflicting efficacy data. In the near future, some of these novel biological agents may prove valuable therapeutic tools in the management of refractory inflammatory bowel disease, although it is too early to define the patient population that will benefit most from these agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gert Van Assche
- Division of Gastroenterology, Univ. Hospital Leuven, 49 Herestraat, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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Zhao Z, Gruszczynska-Biegala J, Cheuvront T, Yi H, von der Mark H, von der Mark K, Kaufman SJ, Zolkiewska A. Interaction of the disintegrin and cysteine-rich domains of ADAM12 with integrin alpha7beta1. Exp Cell Res 2004; 298:28-37. [PMID: 15242759 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2004.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2003] [Revised: 04/02/2004] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We describe a novel interaction between the disintegrin and cysteine-rich (DC) domains of ADAM12 and the integrin alpha7beta1. Integrin alpha7beta1 extracted from human embryonic kidney 293 cells transfected with alpha7 cDNA was retained on an affinity column containing immobilized DC domain of ADAM12. 293 cells stably transfected with alpha7 cDNA adhered to DC-coated wells, and this adhesion was partially inhibited by 6A11 integrin alpha7 function-blocking antibody. The X1 and the X2 extracellular splice variants of integrin alpha7 supported equally well adhesion to the DC protein. Integrin alpha7beta1-mediated cell adhesion to DC had different requirements for Mn2+ than adhesion to laminin. Furthermore, integrin alpha7beta1-mediated cell adhesion to laminin, but not to DC, resulted in efficient cell spreading and phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) at Tyr397. We also show that adhesion of L6 myoblasts to DC is mediated in part by the endogenous integrin alpha7beta1 expressed in these cells. Since integrin alpha7 plays an important role in muscle cell growth, stability, and survival, and since ADAM12 has been implicated in muscle development and regeneration, we postulate that the interaction between ADAM12 and integrin alpha7beta1 may be relevant to muscle development, function, and disease. We also conclude that laminin and the DC domain of ADAM12 represent two functional ligands for integrin alpha7beta1, and adhesion to each of these two ligands via integrin alpha7beta1 triggers different cellular responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhefeng Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506, USA
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Tutuncu L, Stein P, Ord TS, Jorgez CJ, Williams CJ. Calreticulin on the mouse egg surface mediates transmembrane signaling linked to cell cycle resumption. Dev Biol 2004; 270:246-60. [PMID: 15136153 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2004.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2003] [Revised: 02/09/2004] [Accepted: 02/11/2004] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Calreticulin, a protein best known as an endoplasmic reticulum chaperone, also is found on the extracellular plasma membrane surface of many cell types where it serves as a mediator of adhesion and as a regulator of the immune response. In this report, we demonstrate that calreticulin is present on the extracellular surface of the mouse egg plasma membrane and is increased in the perivitelline space after egg activation. The extracellular calreticulin appears to be secreted by vesicles in the egg cortex that are distinct from cortical granules. An anticalreticulin antibody binds to extracellular calreticulin on live eggs and inhibits sperm-egg binding but not fusion. In addition, engagement of cell surface calreticulin by incubation of mouse eggs in the presence of anticalreticulin antibodies results in alterations in the localization of cortical actin and the resumption of meiosis as indicated by alterations in chromatin configuration, decreases in cdc2/cyclin B1 and MAP kinase activities, and pronuclear formation. These events occur in the absence of any observable alterations in intercellular calcium. These data demonstrate that calreticulin functionally interacts with the egg cytoskeleton and can mediate transmembrane signaling linked to cell cycle resumption. These studies suggest a role for calreticulin as a lectin that may be involved in signal transduction events during or after sperm-egg interactions at fertilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Levent Tutuncu
- Center for Research on Reproduction and Women's Health, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Mochizuki S, Shimoda M, Shiomi T, Fujii Y, Okada Y. ADAM28 is activated by MMP-7 (matrilysin-1) and cleaves insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2004; 315:79-84. [PMID: 15013428 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2003] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
ADAM28, a member of a disintegrin and metalloproteinase (ADAM) family, has two isoforms, membrane-type form (ADAM28m) and secreted form (ADAM28s). Although ADAM28 is expressed and synthesized in a precursor form (proADAM28) by lymphocytes and some cancer cells, its activation mechanism and substrates remain unclear. Here, we report that proADAM28s of 65kDa is processed with active matrix metalloproteinase-7 (MMP-7) to 42- and 40-kDa forms which corresponds to active ADAM28s without propeptide. Processed ADAM28s digested insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) in both free and complex forms with IGF-I or IGF-II, and the digestion was prevented with EDTA, 1,10-phenanthroline, KB-R7785, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-3 (TIMP-3), and TIMP-4. These data provide the first evidence that proADAM28s is activated by MMP-7 and ADAM28 digests IGFBP-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satsuki Mochizuki
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0016, Japan
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Bax DV, Messent AJ, Tart J, van Hoang M, Kott J, Maciewicz RA, Humphries MJ. Integrin alpha5beta1 and ADAM-17 interact in vitro and co-localize in migrating HeLa cells. J Biol Chem 2004; 279:22377-86. [PMID: 14970227 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m400180200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha-converting enzyme (TACE/ADAM-17) has diverse roles in the proteolytic processing of cell surface molecules and, due to its ability to process TNFalpha, is a validated therapeutic target for anti-inflammatory therapies. Unlike a number of other ADAM proteins, which interact with integrin receptors via their disintegrin domains, there is currently no evidence for an ADAM-17-integrin association. By analyzing the adhesion of a series of cell lines with recombinant fragments of the extracellular domain of ADAM-17, we now demonstrate a functional interaction between ADAM-17 and alpha(5)beta(1) integrin in a trans orientation. Because ADAM-17-mediated adhesion was sensitive to RGD peptides and EDTA, and the integrin-binding site within ADAM-17 was narrowed down to the disintegrin/cysteine-rich region, the two molecules appear to have a ligand-receptor relationship mediated by the alpha(5)beta(1) ligand binding pocket. Intriguingly, ADAM-17 and alpha(5)beta(1) were found to co-localize in both membrane ruffles and focal adhesions in HeLa cells. When confluent HeLa cell monolayers were wounded, ADAM-17 and alpha(5)beta(1) redistributed to the leading edge and co-localized, which is suggestive of a cis orientation. We postulate that the interaction of ADAM-17 with alpha(5)beta(1) may target or modulate its metalloproteolytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel V Bax
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, The Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT
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Glassey B, Civetta A. Positive selection at reproductive ADAM genes with potential intercellular binding activity. Mol Biol Evol 2004; 21:851-9. [PMID: 14963094 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msh080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Many genes with a role in reproduction, including those implicated in fertilization and spermatogenesis, have been shown to evolve at a faster rate relative to genes associated with other functions and tissues. These survey studies usually group a wide variety of genes with different characteristics and evolutionary histories as reproductive genes based on their site of expression or function. We have examined the molecular evolution of the ADAM (a disintegrin and metalloprotease) gene family, a structurally and functionally diverse group of genes expressed in reproductive and somatic tissue to test whether a variety of protein characteristics such as phylogenetic clusters, tissue of expression, and proteolytic and adhesive function can group fast evolving ADAM genes. We found that all genes were evolving under purifying selection (d(N)/d(S) < 1), although reproductive ADAMs, including those implicated in fertilization and spermatogenesis, evolved at the fastest rate. Genes with a role in binding to cell receptors in endogenous tissue appear to be evolving under purifying selection, regardless of the tissue of expression. In contrast, positive selection of codon sites in the disintegrin/cysteine-rich adhesion domains was detected exclusively in ADAMs 2 and 32, two genes expressed in the testis with a potential role in sperm-egg adhesion. Positive selection was detected in the transmembrane/cytosolic tail region of ADAM genes expressed in a variety of tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barb Glassey
- Department of Biology, University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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Becherer JD, Blobel CP. Biochemical properties and functions of membrane-anchored metalloprotease-disintegrin proteins (ADAMs). Curr Top Dev Biol 2003; 54:101-23. [PMID: 12696747 DOI: 10.1016/s0070-2153(03)54006-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J David Becherer
- Department of Biochemical and Analytical Pharmacology, GlaxoSmithKline Research Inc., Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
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Tomczuk M, Takahashi Y, Huang J, Murase S, Mistretta M, Klaffky E, Sutherland A, Bolling L, Coonrod S, Marcinkiewicz C, Sheppard D, Stepp MA, White JM. Role of multiple beta1 integrins in cell adhesion to the disintegrin domains of ADAMs 2 and 3. Exp Cell Res 2003; 290:68-81. [PMID: 14516789 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-4827(03)00307-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
ADAM disintegrin domains can support integrin-mediated cell adhesion. However, the profile of which integrins are employed for adhesion to a given disintegrin domain remains unclear. For example, we suggested that the disintegrin domains of mouse sperm ADAMs 2 and 3 can interact with the alpha6beta1 integrin on mouse eggs. Others concluded that these disintegrin domains interact instead with the alpha9beta1 integrin. To address these differing results, we first studied adhesion of mouse F9 embryonal carcinoma cells and human G361 melanoma cells to the disintegrin domains of mouse ADAMs 2 and 3. Both cell lines express alpha6beta1 and alpha9beta1 integrins at their surfaces. Antibodies to the alpha6 integrin subunit inhibited adhesion of both cell lines. An antibody that recognizes human alpha9 integrin inhibited adhesion of G361 cells. VLO5, a snake disintegrin that antagonizes alpha4beta1 and alpha9beta1 integrins, potently inhibited adhesion of both cell lines. We next explored expression of the alpha9 integrin subunit in mouse eggs. In contrast to our ability to detect alpha6beta1, we were unable to convincingly detect alpha9beta1 integrin on the surface of mouse eggs. Moreover, treatment of mouse eggs with 250 nm VLO5, which is 250 fold over its approximately IC(50) for inhibition of somatic cell adhesion, had minimal effect on sperm-egg binding or fusion. We did detect alpha9 integrin protein on epithelial cells of the oviduct. Additional studies showed that antibodies to the alpha6 and alpha7 integrins additively inhibited adhesion of mouse trophoblast stem cells and that an antibody to the alpha4 integrin inhibited adhesion of MOLT-3 cells to these disintegrin domains: Our data suggest that multiple integrins (on the same cell) can participate in adhesion to a given ADAM disintegrin domain and that interactions between ADAMs and integrins may be important for sperm transit through the oviduct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Tomczuk
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908-0732, USA
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Abstract
Crohn's disease involves persistent recruitment of leukocytes into gut tissue, coupled with dysregulated activation of specific immune cell function. Adhesion molecules expressed by circulating leukocytes, such as alpha 4 integrin, mediate their attachment to vascular endothelial cells lining blood vessels within the intestine and facilitate their migration into the tissue. Through interactions with extracellular matrix molecules, adhesion molecules then support immune cell activation and survival within the intestinal wall. Agents that interfere with these adhesive interactions hold great potential for suppressing the cycle of leukocyte infiltration and activation, and thereby, for ameliorating chronic inflammation. This article will discuss clinical data for a humanized monoclonal antibody against alpha 4 integrin, natalizumab, which is the first alpha 4 integrin antagonist in a new class of biotechnology agents referred to as selective adhesion molecule inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J Sandborn
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Clinic, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
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