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Zhu Y, Yuan Y, Si H, Li S, Zhao F, Mu R, Lin Z, Wang X, Qiu Q, Xu C, Ji L, Li Z. Lipidomic and transcriptomic profiles provide new insights into the triacylglycerol and glucose handling capacities of the Arctic fox. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1388532. [PMID: 38988981 PMCID: PMC11233799 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1388532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The Arctic fox (Vulpes lagopus) is a species indigenous to the Arctic and has developed unique lipid metabolism, but the mechanisms remain unclear. Here, the significantly increased body weight of Arctic foxes was consistent with the significantly increased serum very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), and the 40% crude fat diet further increased the Arctic fox body weight. The enhanced body weight gain stems primarily from increased subcutaneous adipose tissue accumulation. The adipose triacylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine were significantly greater in Arctic foxes. The adipose fatty-acid synthase content was significantly lower in Arctic foxes, highlighting the main role of exogenous fatty-acids in fat accumulation. Considering the same diet, liver-derived fat dominates adipose expansion in Arctic foxes. Liver transcriptome analysis revealed greater fat and VLDL synthesis in Arctic foxes, consistent with the greater VLDL. Glucose homeostasis wasn't impacted in Arctic foxes. And the free fatty-acids in adipose, which promote insulin resistance, also did not differ between groups. However, the hepatic glycogen was greater in Arctic foxes and transcriptome analysis revealed upregulated glycogen synthesis, improving glucose homeostasis. These results suggest that the superior fat accumulation capacity and distinct characteristics of hepatic and adipose lipid and glucose metabolism facilitate glucose homeostasis and massive fat accumulation in Arctic foxes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhang Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Huazhe Si
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Key Lab of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Songze Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Fei Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Ruina Mu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Zihan Lin
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaoxu Wang
- Department of Special Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Qiang Qiu
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Chao Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Lele Ji
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Preclinical Medicine Education, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhipeng Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Key Lab of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
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2
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Many GM, Sanford JA, Sagendorf TJ, Hou Z, Nigro P, Whytock KL, Amar D, Caputo T, Gay NR, Gaul DA, Hirshman MF, Jimenez-Morales D, Lindholm ME, Muehlbauer MJ, Vamvini M, Bergman BC, Fernández FM, Goodyear LJ, Hevener AL, Ortlund EA, Sparks LM, Xia A, Adkins JN, Bodine SC, Newgard CB, Schenk S. Sexual dimorphism and the multi-omic response to exercise training in rat subcutaneous white adipose tissue. Nat Metab 2024; 6:963-979. [PMID: 38693320 PMCID: PMC11132991 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-023-00959-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Subcutaneous white adipose tissue (scWAT) is a dynamic storage and secretory organ that regulates systemic homeostasis, yet the impact of endurance exercise training (ExT) and sex on its molecular landscape is not fully established. Utilizing an integrative multi-omics approach, and leveraging data generated by the Molecular Transducers of Physical Activity Consortium (MoTrPAC), we show profound sexual dimorphism in the scWAT of sedentary rats and in the dynamic response of this tissue to ExT. Specifically, the scWAT of sedentary females displays -omic signatures related to insulin signaling and adipogenesis, whereas the scWAT of sedentary males is enriched in terms related to aerobic metabolism. These sex-specific -omic signatures are preserved or amplified with ExT. Integration of multi-omic analyses with phenotypic measures identifies molecular hubs predicted to drive sexually distinct responses to training. Overall, this study underscores the powerful impact of sex on adipose tissue biology and provides a rich resource to investigate the scWAT response to ExT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina M Many
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - James A Sanford
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Tyler J Sagendorf
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Zhenxin Hou
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Pasquale Nigro
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Katie L Whytock
- Translational Research Institute, AdventHealth, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - David Amar
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Tiziana Caputo
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nicole R Gay
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - David A Gaul
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Michael F Hirshman
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David Jimenez-Morales
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Malene E Lindholm
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Michael J Muehlbauer
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Maria Vamvini
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bryan C Bergman
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Facundo M Fernández
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Laurie J Goodyear
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrea L Hevener
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Eric A Ortlund
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Lauren M Sparks
- Translational Research Institute, AdventHealth, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Ashley Xia
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Joshua N Adkins
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA.
| | - Sue C Bodine
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
| | - Christopher B Newgard
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - Simon Schenk
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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3
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Enkler L, Spang A. Functional interplay of lipid droplets and mitochondria. FEBS Lett 2024; 598:1235-1251. [PMID: 38268392 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Our body stores energy mostly in form of fatty acids (FAs) in lipid droplets (LDs). From there the FAs can be mobilized and transferred to peroxisomes and mitochondria. This transfer is dependent on close opposition of LDs and mitochondria and peroxisomes and happens at membrane contact sites. However, the composition and the dynamics of these contact sites is not well understood, which is in part due to the dependence on the metabolic state of the cell and on the cell- and tissue-type. Here, we summarize the current knowledge on the contacts between lipid droplets and mitochondria both in mammals and in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, in which various contact sites are well studied. We discuss possible functions of the contact site and their implication in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anne Spang
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Switzerland
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4
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Fan G, Guan X, Guan B, Zhu H, Pei Y, Jiang C, Xiao Y, Li Z, Cao F. Untargeted metabolomics reveals that declined PE and PC in obesity may be associated with prostate hyperplasia. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0301011. [PMID: 38640132 PMCID: PMC11029648 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have shown that obesity may contribute to the pathogenesis of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). However, the mechanism of this pathogenesis is not fully understood. METHODS A prospective case-control study was conducted with 30 obese and 30 nonobese patients with BPH. Prostate tissues were collected and analyzed using ultra performance liquid chromatography ion mobility coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-IMS-Q-TOF). RESULTS A total of 17 differential metabolites (3 upregulated and 14 downregulated) were identified between the obese and nonobese patients with BPH. Topological pathway analysis indicated that glycerophospholipid (GP) metabolism was the most important metabolic pathway involved in BPH pathogenesis. Seven metabolites were enriched in the GP metabolic pathway. lysoPC (P16:0/0:0), PE (20:0/20:0), PE (24:1(15Z)/18:0), PC (24:1(15Z)/14:0), PC (15:0/24:0), PE (24:0/18:0), and PC (16:0/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)) were all significantly downregulated in the obesity group, and the area under the curve (AUC) of LysoPC (P-16:0/0/0:0) was 0.9922. The inclusion of the seven differential metabolites in a joint prediction model had an AUC of 0.9956. Thus, both LysoPC (P-16:0/0/0:0) alone and the joint prediction model demonstrated good predictive ability for obesity-induced BPH mechanisms. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, obese patients with BPH had a unique metabolic profile, and alterations in PE and PC in these patients be associated with the development and progression of BPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guorui Fan
- Clinical Medical College, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Xiaohai Guan
- Clinical Medical College, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Bo Guan
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Hongfei Zhu
- Clinical Medical College, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Yongchao Pei
- Clinical Medical College, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Chonghao Jiang
- Clinical Medical College, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Yonggui Xiao
- Clinical Medical College, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Zhiguo Li
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Fenghong Cao
- Clinical Medical College, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
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5
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Cao Z, Xu M, Qi S, Xu X, Liu W, Liu L, Bao Q, Zhang Y, Xu Q, Zhao W, Chen G. Lipidomics reveals lipid changes in the intramuscular fat of geese at different growth stages. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103172. [PMID: 37984003 PMCID: PMC10694593 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The quality (color, tenderness, juiciness, protein content, and fat content) of poultry meat is closely linked to age, with older birds typically exhibiting increased intramuscular fat (IMF) deposition. However, specific lipid metabolic pathways involved in IMF deposition remain unknown. To elucidate the mechanisms underlying lipid changes, we conducted a study using meat geese at 2 distinct growth stages (70 and 300 d). Our findings regarding the approximate composition of the meat revealed that as the geese aged 300 d, their meat acquired a chewier texture and displayed higher levels of IMF. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was employed for lipid profiling of the IMF. Using a lipid database, we identified 849 lipids in the pectoralis muscle of geese. Principal component analysis and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis were used to distinguish between the 2 age groups and identify differential lipid metabolites. As expected, we observed significant changes in 107 lipids, including triglycerides, diglycerides, phosphatidylethanolamine, alkyl-glycerophosphoethanolamine, alkenyl-glycerophosphoethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylinositol, lysophosphatidylserine, ceramide-AP, ceramide-AS, free fatty acids, cholesterol lipids, and N-acyl-lysophosphatidylethanolamine. Among these, the glyceride molecules exhibited the most pronounced changes and played a pivotal role in IMF deposition. Additionally, increased concentration of phospholipid molecules was observed in breast muscle at 70 d. Unsaturated fatty acids attached to lipid side chain sites enrich the nutritional value of goose meat. Notably, C16:0 and C18:0 were particularly abundant in the 70-day-old goose meat. Pathway analysis demonstrated that glycerophospholipid and glyceride metabolism were the pathways most significantly associated with lipid changes during goose growth, underscoring their crucial role in lipid metabolism in goose meat. In conclusion, this work provides an up-to-date study on the lipid composition and metabolic pathways of goose meat and may provide a theoretical basis for elucidating the nutritional value of goose meat at different growth stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Cao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Maodou Xu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Shangzong Qi
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xinlei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Linyu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Qiang Bao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Qi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Wenming Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Guohong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, 225009, China.
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6
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Sun C, Holstein DJF, Garcia-Cubero N, Moulla Y, Stroh C, Dietrich A, Schön MR, Gärtner D, Lohmann T, Dressler M, Stumvoll M, Blüher M, Kovacs P, Guiu-Jurado E. The Role of Phosphatidylethanolamine N-Methyltransferase ( PEMT) and Its Waist-Hip-Ratio-Associated Locus rs4646404 in Obesity-Related Metabolic Traits and Liver Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16850. [PMID: 38069170 PMCID: PMC10706059 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In previous genome-wide association studies (GWAS), genetic loci associated with obesity and impaired fat distribution (FD) have been identified. In the present study, we elucidated the role of the PEMT gene, including the waist-hip-ratio-associated single nucleotide polymorphism rs4646404, and its influence on obesity-related metabolic traits. DNA from 2926 metabolically well-characterized subjects was used for genotyping. PEMT expression was analyzed in paired visceral (vis) and subcutaneous (sc) adipose tissue (AT) from a subset of 574 individuals. Additionally, PEMT expression was examined in vis, sc AT and liver tissue in a separate cohort of 64 patients with morbid obesity and liver disease. An in vitro Pemt knockdown was conducted in murine epididymal and inguinal adipocytes. Our findings highlight tissue-specific variations in PEMT mRNA expression across the three studied tissues. Specifically, vis PEMT mRNA levels correlated significantly with T2D and were implicated in the progression of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), in contrast to liver tissue, where no significant associations were found. Moreover, sc PEMT expression showed significant correlations with several anthropometric- and metabolic-related parameters. The rs4646404 was associated with vis AT PEMT expression and also with diabetes-related traits. Our in vitro experiments supported the influence of PEMT on adipogenesis, emphasizing its role in AT biology. In summary, our data suggest that PEMT plays a role in regulating FD and has implications in metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Sun
- Medical Department III—Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - David J. F. Holstein
- Medical Department III—Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Natalia Garcia-Cubero
- Medical Department III—Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Yusef Moulla
- Clinic for Visceral, Transplantation and Thorax and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christine Stroh
- Department of General, Abdominal and Pediatric Surgery, Municipal Hospital, 07548 Gera, Germany
| | - Arne Dietrich
- Clinic for Visceral, Transplantation and Thorax and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Michael R. Schön
- Städtisches Klinikum Karlsruhe, Clinic of Visceral Surgery, 76133 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Daniel Gärtner
- Städtisches Klinikum Karlsruhe, Clinic of Visceral Surgery, 76133 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Tobias Lohmann
- Municipal Clinic Dresden-Neustadt, 01129 Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Michael Stumvoll
- Medical Department III—Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Matthias Blüher
- Medical Department III—Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Peter Kovacs
- Medical Department III—Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Esther Guiu-Jurado
- Medical Department III—Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetesforschung e.V., 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
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7
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Tate BN, Van Guilder GP, Aly M, Spence LA, Diaz-Rubio ME, Le HH, Johnson EL, McFadden JW, Perry CA. Changes in Choline Metabolites and Ceramides in Response to a DASH-Style Diet in Older Adults. Nutrients 2023; 15:3687. [PMID: 37686719 PMCID: PMC10489641 DOI: 10.3390/nu15173687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
This feeding trial evaluated the impact of the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension diet on changes in plasma choline, choline metabolites, and ceramides in obese older adults; 28 adults consumed 3oz (n = 15) or 6oz (n = 13) of beef within a standardized DASH diet for 12 weeks. Plasma choline, betaine, methionine, dimethylglycine (DMG), phosphatidylcholine (PC), lysophosphotidylcholine (LPC), sphingomyelin, trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), L-carnitine, ceramide, and triglycerides were measured in fasted blood samples. Plasma LPC, sphingomyelin, and ceramide species were also quantified. In response to the study diet, with beef intake groups combined, plasma choline decreased by 9.6% (p = 0.012); DMG decreased by 10% (p = 0.042); PC decreased by 51% (p < 0.001); total LPC increased by 281% (p < 0.001); TMAO increased by 26.5% (p < 0.001); total ceramide decreased by 22.1% (p < 0.001); and triglycerides decreased by 18% (p = 0.021). All 20 LPC species measured increased (p < 0.01) with LPC 16:0 having the greatest response. Sphingomyelin 16:0, 18:0, and 18:1 increased (all p < 0.001) by 10.4%, 22.5%, and 24%, respectively. In contrast, we observed that sphingomyelin 24:0 significantly decreased by 10%. Ceramide 22:0 and 24:0 decreased by 27.6% and 10.9% (p < 0.001), respectively, and ceramide 24:1 increased by 36.8% (p = 0.013). Changes in choline and choline metabolites were in association with anthropometric and cardiometabolic outcomes. These findings show the impact of the DASH diet on choline metabolism in older adults and demonstrate the influence of diet to modify circulating LPC, sphingomyelin, and ceramide species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianna N. Tate
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; (B.N.T.); (J.W.M.)
| | - Gary P. Van Guilder
- High Altitude Exercise Physiology Department, Western Colorado University, Gunnison, CO 81231, USA;
| | - Marwa Aly
- Department of Applied Health Science, Indiana University School of Public Health, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA; (M.A.); (L.A.S.)
| | - Lisa A. Spence
- Department of Applied Health Science, Indiana University School of Public Health, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA; (M.A.); (L.A.S.)
| | - M. Elena Diaz-Rubio
- Proteomic and Metabolomics Facility, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA;
| | - Henry H. Le
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; (H.H.L.); (E.L.J.)
| | - Elizabeth L. Johnson
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; (H.H.L.); (E.L.J.)
| | - Joseph W. McFadden
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; (B.N.T.); (J.W.M.)
| | - Cydne A. Perry
- Department of Applied Health Science, Indiana University School of Public Health, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA; (M.A.); (L.A.S.)
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8
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Aggeletopoulou I, Kalafateli M, Tsounis EP, Triantos C. Epigenetic Regulation in Lean Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12864. [PMID: 37629043 PMCID: PMC10454848 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the most prominent cause of chronic liver disease worldwide, is a rapidly growing epidemic. It consists of a wide range of liver diseases, from steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, and predisposes patients to liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and even hepatocellular carcinoma. NAFLD is strongly correlated with obesity; however, it has been extensively reported among lean/nonobese individuals in recent years. Although lean patients demonstrate a lower prevalence of diabetes mellitus, central obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and metabolic syndrome, a percentage of these patients may develop steatohepatitis, advanced liver fibrosis, and cardiovascular disease, and have increased all-cause mortality. The pathophysiological mechanisms of lean NAFLD remain vague. Studies have reported that lean NAFLD demonstrates a close association with environmental factors, genetic predisposition, and epigenetic modifications. In this review, we aim to discuss and summarize the epigenetic mechanisms involved in lean NAFLD and to introduce the interaction between epigenetic patterns and genetic or non genetic factors. Several epigenetic mechanisms have been implicated in the regulation of lean NAFLD. These include DNA methylation, histone modifications, and noncoding-RNA-mediated gene regulation. Epigenetics is an area of special interest in the setting of lean NAFLD as it could provide new insights into the therapeutic options and noninvasive biomarkers that target this under-recognized and challenging disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Aggeletopoulou
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; (I.A.); (E.P.T.)
| | - Maria Kalafateli
- Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Patras, 26332 Patras, Greece;
| | - Efthymios P. Tsounis
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; (I.A.); (E.P.T.)
| | - Christos Triantos
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; (I.A.); (E.P.T.)
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9
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Kwarteng DO, Gangoda M, Kooijman EE. The effect of methylated phosphatidylethanolamine derivatives on the ionization properties of signaling phosphatidic acid. Biophys Chem 2023; 296:107005. [PMID: 36934676 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2023.107005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and Phosphatidylcholine (PC) are the most abundant glycerophospholipids in eukaryotic membranes. The differences in the physicochemical properties of their headgroups have contrasting modulatory effects on their interaction with intracellular macromolecules. As such, their overall impact on membrane structure and function differs significantly. Enzymatic methylation of PE's amine headgroup produces two methylated derivatives namely monomethyl PE (MMPE) and dimethyl PE (DMPE) which have physicochemical properties that generally range between that of PE and PC. Additionally, their influence on membrane properties differs from both PE and PC. Although variations in headgroup methylation have been reported to affect signaling pathways, the direct influence that these differences exert on the ionization properties of signaling phospholipids have not been investigated. Here, we briefly review membrane function and structure that are mediated by the differences in headgroup methylation between PE, MMPE, DMPE and PC. In addition, using 31P MAS NMR, we investigate the effect of these four phospholipids on the ionization properties of the ubiquitous signaling anionic lipid phosphatidic acid (PA). Our results show that PA's ionization properties are differentially affected by changes in phospholipid headgroup methylation. This could have important implications for PA-protein binding and hence physiological functions in cells where signaling events lead to changes in abundance of methylated PE derivatives in the membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desmond Owusu Kwarteng
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, P.O. Box 5190, Kent, OH 44242, USA.
| | - Mahinda Gangoda
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Kent State University, P.O. Box 5190, Kent, OH 44242, USA
| | - Edgar E Kooijman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, P.O. Box 5190, Kent, OH 44242, USA.
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10
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Many GM, Sanford JA, Sagendorf TJ, Hou Z, Nigro P, Whytock K, Amar D, Caputo T, Gay NR, Gaul DA, Hirshman M, Jimenez-Morales D, Lindholm ME, Muehlbauer MJ, Vamvini M, Bergman B, Fern Ndez FM, Goodyear LJ, Ortlund EA, Sparks LM, Xia A, Adkins JN, Bodine SC, Newgard CB, Schenk S. Sexual dimorphism and the multi-omic response to exercise training in rat subcutaneous white adipose tissue. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.03.527012. [PMID: 36778330 PMCID: PMC9915732 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.03.527012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Subcutaneous white adipose tissue (scWAT) is a dynamic storage and secretory organ that regulates systemic homeostasis, yet the impact of endurance exercise training and sex on its molecular landscape has not been fully established. Utilizing an integrative multi-omics approach with data generated by the Molecular Transducers of Physical Activity Consortium (MoTrPAC), we identified profound sexual dimorphism in the dynamic response of rat scWAT to endurance exercise training. Despite similar cardiorespiratory improvements, only male rats reduced whole-body adiposity, scWAT adipocyte size, and total scWAT triglyceride abundance with training. Multi-omic analyses of adipose tissue integrated with phenotypic measures identified sex-specific training responses including enrichment of mTOR signaling in females, while males displayed enhanced mitochondrial ribosome biogenesis and oxidative metabolism. Overall, this study reinforces our understanding that sex impacts scWAT biology and provides a rich resource to interrogate responses of scWAT to endurance training.
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11
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Celik C, Lee SYT, Yap WS, Thibault G. Endoplasmic reticulum stress and lipids in health and diseases. Prog Lipid Res 2023; 89:101198. [PMID: 36379317 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2022.101198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a complex and dynamic organelle that regulates many cellular pathways, including protein synthesis, protein quality control, and lipid synthesis. When one or multiple ER roles are dysregulated and saturated, the ER enters a stress state, which, in turn, activates the highly conserved unfolded protein response (UPR). By sensing the accumulation of unfolded proteins or lipid bilayer stress (LBS) at the ER, the UPR triggers pathways to restore ER homeostasis and eventually induces apoptosis if the stress remains unresolved. In recent years, it has emerged that the UPR works intimately with other cellular pathways to maintain lipid homeostasis at the ER, and so does at cellular levels. Lipid distribution, along with lipid anabolism and catabolism, are tightly regulated, in part, by the ER. Dysfunctional and overwhelmed lipid-related pathways, independently or in combination with ER stress, can have reciprocal effects on other cellular functions, contributing to the development of diseases. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the UPR in response to proteotoxic stress and LBS and the breadth of the functions mitigated by the UPR in different tissues and in the context of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cenk Celik
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | | | - Wei Sheng Yap
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Guillaume Thibault
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore; Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore.
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12
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Liu X, Peng Y, Xu Y, He G, Liang J, Masanja F, Yang K, Xu X, Deng Y, Zhao L. Responses of digestive metabolism to marine heatwaves in pearl oysters. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 186:114395. [PMID: 36455501 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.114395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Marine heatwaves (MHWs) have increased in intensity and frequency in global oceans, causing deleterious effects on many marine organisms and ecosystems they support. Bivalves are among the most vulnerable taxonomic groups to intensifying MHWs, yet little is known about the underlying mechanisms. Here, we investigated the impact of MHWs on the digestive metabolism of pearl oysters (Pinctada maxima). Two moderate and severe scenarios of MHWs were performed by increasing seawater temperature respectively from 24 °C to 28 °C and 32 °C for 3 days. When subjected to MHWs and with increasing intensity, pearl oysters significantly enhanced their digestive enzymatic activities, such as lipase and amylase. LC-MS-based metabolomics revealed negative responses in the lipid metabolism (e.g., steroid biosynthesis, glycerophospholipid metabolism, and sphingolipid metabolism), the amino acid metabolism (e.g., glutamate, histidine, arginine, and proline), and the B-vitamins metabolism. These findings indicate that the digestive metabolism of marine bivalves can likely succumb to intensifying MHWs events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Liu
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yalan Peng
- Zhuhai Central Station of Marine Environmental Monitoring, Ministry of Natural Resources, Zhuhai, China.
| | - Yang Xu
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Guixiang He
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Jian Liang
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China; Department of Fisheries, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, China
| | | | - Ke Yang
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Xin Xu
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yuewen Deng
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Liqiang Zhao
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China.
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13
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Baiges-Gaya G, Rodríguez-Tomàs E, Castañé H, Jiménez-Franco A, Amigó N, Camps J, Joven J. Combining Dietary Intervention with Metformin Treatment Enhances Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis Remission in Mice Fed a High-Fat High-Sucrose Diet. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12121787. [PMID: 36551216 PMCID: PMC9775246 DOI: 10.3390/biom12121787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are serious health concerns for which lifestyle interventions are the only effective first-line treatment. Dietary interventions are effective in body weight reduction, but not in improving insulin sensitivity and hepatic lipid mobilization. Conversely, metformin increases insulin sensitivity and promotes the inhibition of de novo hepatic lipogenesis. In this study, we evaluated the metformin effectiveness in NASH prevention and treatment, when combined with dietary intervention in male mice fed a high-fat high-sucrose diet (HFHSD). Eighty 5-week-old C57BL/6J male mice were fed a chow or HFHSD diet and sacrificed at 20 or 40 weeks. The HFHSD-fed mice developed NASH after 20 weeks. Lipoprotein and lipidomic analyses showed that the changes associated with diet were not prevented by metformin administration. HFHSD-fed mice subject to dietary intervention combined with metformin showed a 19.6% body weight reduction compared to 9.8% in those mice subjected to dietary intervention alone. Lower hepatic steatosis scores were induced. We conclude that metformin should not be considered a preventive option for NAFLD, but it is effective in the treatment of this disorder when combined with dietary intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard Baiges-Gaya
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Rovira i Virgili University (URV), 43201 Reus, Spain
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica (URB-CRB), Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d’Investigació Santiària Pere i Virgili (IISPV), 43201 Reus, Spain
| | - Elisabet Rodríguez-Tomàs
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Rovira i Virgili University (URV), 43201 Reus, Spain
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica (URB-CRB), Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d’Investigació Santiària Pere i Virgili (IISPV), 43201 Reus, Spain
| | - Helena Castañé
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Rovira i Virgili University (URV), 43201 Reus, Spain
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica (URB-CRB), Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d’Investigació Santiària Pere i Virgili (IISPV), 43201 Reus, Spain
| | - Andrea Jiménez-Franco
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Rovira i Virgili University (URV), 43201 Reus, Spain
| | - Núria Amigó
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Rovira i Virgili University (URV), 43201 Reus, Spain
- CIBER of Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disease (CIBERDEM), ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Biosfer Teslab, 43201 Reus, Spain
| | - Jordi Camps
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Rovira i Virgili University (URV), 43201 Reus, Spain
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica (URB-CRB), Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d’Investigació Santiària Pere i Virgili (IISPV), 43201 Reus, Spain
- Correspondence: (J.C.); (J.J.)
| | - Jorge Joven
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Rovira i Virgili University (URV), 43201 Reus, Spain
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica (URB-CRB), Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d’Investigació Santiària Pere i Virgili (IISPV), 43201 Reus, Spain
- Campus of International Excellence Southern Catalonia, 43003 Tarragona, Spain
- Correspondence: (J.C.); (J.J.)
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14
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Zhou Q, Zhang F, Kerbl-Knapp J, Korbelius M, Kuentzel KB, Vujić N, Akhmetshina A, Hörl G, Paar M, Steyrer E, Kratky D, Madl T. Phosphatidylethanolamine N-Methyltransferase Knockout Modulates Metabolic Changes in Aging Mice. Biomolecules 2022; 12:1270. [PMID: 36139111 PMCID: PMC9496051 DOI: 10.3390/biom12091270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Phospholipid metabolism, including phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, is crucial for various biological functions and is associated with longevity. Phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PEMT) is a protein that catalyzes the biosynthesis of PC, the levels of which change in various organs such as the brain and kidneys during aging. However, the role of PEMT for systemic PC supply is not fully understood. To address how PEMT affects aging-associated energy metabolism in tissues responsible for nutrient absorption, lipid storage, and energy consumption, we employed NMR-based metabolomics to study the liver, plasma, intestine (duodenum, jejunum, and ileum), brown/white adipose tissues (BAT and WAT), and skeletal muscle of young (9-10 weeks) and old (91-132 weeks) wild-type (WT) and PEMT knockout (KO) mice. We found that the effect of PEMT-knockout was tissue-specific and age-dependent. A deficiency of PEMT affected the metabolome of all tissues examined, among which the metabolome of BAT from both young and aged KO mice was dramatically changed in comparison to the WT mice, whereas the metabolome of the jejunum was only slightly affected. As for aging, the absence of PEMT increased the divergence of the metabolome during the aging of the liver, WAT, duodenum, and ileum and decreased the impact on skeletal muscle. Overall, our results suggest that PEMT plays a previously underexplored, critical role in both aging and energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qishun Zhou
- Research Unit Integrative Structural Biology, Division of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Fangrong Zhang
- Research Unit Integrative Structural Biology, Division of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Jakob Kerbl-Knapp
- Research Unit Integrative Structural Biology, Division of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Melanie Korbelius
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Katharina Barbara Kuentzel
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Nemanja Vujić
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Alena Akhmetshina
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Gerd Hörl
- Otto-Loewi Research Center, Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Margret Paar
- Otto-Loewi Research Center, Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Ernst Steyrer
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Dagmar Kratky
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Tobias Madl
- Research Unit Integrative Structural Biology, Division of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
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15
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Targeting lipid biosynthesis pathways for hepatitis B virus cure. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0270273. [PMID: 35925919 PMCID: PMC9352027 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0270273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is characterized by the presence of high circulating levels of non-infectious lipoprotein-like HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) particles thought to contribute to chronic immune dysfunction in patients. Lipid and metabolomic analysis of humanized livers from immunodeficient chimeric mice (uPA/SCID) revealed that HBV infection dysregulates several lipid metabolic pathways. Small molecule inhibitors of lipid biosynthetic pathway enzymes acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), fatty acid synthase, and subtilisin kexin isozyme-1/site-1 protease in HBV-infected HepG2-NTCP cells demonstrated potent and selective reduction of extracellular HBsAg. However, a liver-targeted ACC inhibitor did not show antiviral activity in HBV-infected liver chimeric mice, despite evidence of on-target engagement. Our study suggests that while HBsAg production may be dependent on hepatic de novo lipogenesis in vitro, this may be overcome by extrahepatic sources (such as lipolysis or diet) in vivo. Thus, a combination of agents targeting more than one lipid metabolic pathway may be necessary to reduce HBsAg levels in patients with chronic HBV infection.
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16
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Zhang S, Hu L, Han C, Huang R, Ooi K, Qian X, Ren X, Chu D, Zhang H, Du D, Xia C. PLIN2 Mediates Neuroinflammation and Oxidative/Nitrosative Stress via Downregulating Phosphatidylethanolamine in the Rostral Ventrolateral Medulla of Stressed Hypertensive Rats. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:6331-6348. [PMID: 34880641 PMCID: PMC8646230 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s329230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Oxidative/nitrosative stress, neuroinflammation and their intimate interactions mediate sympathetic overactivation in hypertension. An immoderate inflammatory response is characterized not only by elevated proinflammatory cytokines (PICs) but by increases in mitochondrial dysfunction, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and nitric oxide (NO). Recent data pinpoint that both the phospholipid and lipid droplets (LDs) are potent modulators of microglia physiology. Methods Stress rats underwent compound stressors for 15 days with PLIN2-siRNA or scrambled-siRNA (SC-siRNA) administrated into the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM). Lipids were analyzed by mass spectroscopy-based quantitative lipidomics. The phenotypes and proliferation of microglia, LDs, in the RVLM of rats were detected; blood pressure (BP) and myocardial injury in rats were evaluated. The anti-oxidative/nitrosative stress effect of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) was explored in cultured primary microglia. Results Lipidomics analysis showed that 75 individual lipids in RVLM were significantly dysregulated by stress [PE was the most one], demonstrating that lipid composition changed with stress. In vitro, prorenin stress induced the accumulation of LDs, increased PICs, which could be blocked by siRNA-PLIN2 in microglia. PLIN2 knockdown upregulated the PE synthesis in microglia. Anti-oxidative/nitrosative stress effect of PE delivery was confirmed by the decrease of ROS and decrease in 3-NT and MDA in prorenin-treated microglia. PLIN2 knockdown in the RVLM blocked the number of iNOS+ and PCNA+ microglia, decreased BP, alleviated cardiac fibrosis and hypertrophy in stressed rats. Conclusion PLIN2 mediates microglial polarization/proliferation via downregulating PE in the RVLM of stressed rats. Delivery of PE is a promising strategy for combating neuroinflammation and oxidative/nitrosative stress in stress-induced hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shutian Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengzhi Han
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Renhui Huang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Kokwin Ooi
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyi Qian
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaorong Ren
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Dechang Chu
- College of Agriculture and Bioengineering, Heze University, Heze, 274000, People's Republic of China
| | - Haili Zhang
- College of Agriculture and Bioengineering, Heze University, Heze, 274000, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongshu Du
- School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunmei Xia
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
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17
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Lalioti V, Beznoussenko GV, Mironov AA, Sandoval IV. The E-Syt3 cleavage and traffic uncovers the primordial cisterna, a new organelle that mothers the lipid droplets in the adipocyte. Traffic 2021; 23:21-41. [PMID: 34693607 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Extended synaptotagmins are endoplasmic reticulum proteins consisting of an SMP domain and multiple C2 domains that bind phospholipids and Ca2+ . E-Syts create contact junctions between the ER and plasma membrane (PM) to facilitate the exchange of glycerophospholipids between the apposed membranes. We find in the differentiating adipocyte that the E-Syt3 carboxyl domain is cleaved by a multi-step mechanism that includes removing the C2C domain. Confocal and live-cell time-lapse studies show that truncated E-Syt3ΔC2C, as well as endogenous E-Syt3 and the coat protein PLIN1, target the LDs from an annular, single giant ER cisterna. Inhibition of the proteasome blocks the proteolytic cleavage of Esyt3 and E-Syt3ΔC2C and causes the E-Syt3ΔC2C retention in the giant cisterna. The Esyt3 and PLIN1 distributions and LDs biogenesis show that the primordial cisterna, as we call it, is the birth and nurturing site of LDs in the adipocyte. Isoproterenol-induced lipolysis results in loss of cytoplasmic LDs and reappearance of the primordial cisterna. Electron microscopy and 3D-electron tomography studies show that the primordial cisterna consists of a tightly packed network of varicose tubules with extensively blistered membranes. Rounds of homotypic fusions from nascent to mature LDs play a central role in LD growth. The knockdown of E-Syt3 inhibits LD biogenesis. The identification of the primordial cisterna, an organelle that substitutes the randomly scattered ER foci that mother the LDs in non-adipose cells, sets the stage for a better understanding of LD biogenesis in the adipocyte.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki Lalioti
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, Physiological and Pathological Processes, Madrid, Spain
| | - Galina V Beznoussenko
- Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, The FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Alexander A Mironov
- Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, The FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Ignacio V Sandoval
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, Physiological and Pathological Processes, Madrid, Spain
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18
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Ayer A, Fazakerley DJ, Suarna C, Maghzal GJ, Sheipouri D, Lee KJ, Bradley MC, Fernández-Del-Rio L, Tumanov S, Kong SM, van der Veen JN, Yang A, Ho JWK, Clarke SG, James DE, Dawes IW, Vance DE, Clarke CF, Jacobs RL, Stocker R. Genetic screening reveals phospholipid metabolism as a key regulator of the biosynthesis of the redox-active lipid coenzyme Q. Redox Biol 2021; 46:102127. [PMID: 34521065 PMCID: PMC8435697 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.102127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial energy production and function rely on optimal concentrations of the essential redox-active lipid, coenzyme Q (CoQ). CoQ deficiency results in mitochondrial dysfunction associated with increased mitochondrial oxidative stress and a range of pathologies. What drives CoQ deficiency in many of these pathologies is unknown, just as there currently is no effective therapeutic strategy to overcome CoQ deficiency in humans. To date, large-scale studies aimed at systematically interrogating endogenous systems that control CoQ biosynthesis and their potential utility to treat disease have not been carried out. Therefore, we developed a quantitative high-throughput method to determine CoQ concentrations in yeast cells. Applying this method to the Yeast Deletion Collection as a genome-wide screen, 30 genes not known previously to regulate cellular concentrations of CoQ were discovered. In combination with untargeted lipidomics and metabolomics, phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PEMT) deficiency was confirmed as a positive regulator of CoQ synthesis, the first identified to date. Mechanistically, PEMT deficiency alters mitochondrial concentrations of one-carbon metabolites, characterized by an increase in the S-adenosylmethionine to S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAM-to-SAH) ratio that reflects mitochondrial methylation capacity, drives CoQ synthesis, and is associated with a decrease in mitochondrial oxidative stress. The newly described regulatory pathway appears evolutionary conserved, as ablation of PEMT using antisense oligonucleotides increases mitochondrial CoQ in mouse-derived adipocytes that translates to improved glucose utilization by these cells, and protection of mice from high-fat diet-induced insulin resistance. Our studies reveal a previously unrecognized relationship between two spatially distinct lipid pathways with potential implications for the treatment of CoQ deficiencies, mitochondrial oxidative stress/dysfunction, and associated diseases. Mitochondrial CoQ deficiency results in oxidative stress and a range of pathologies The drivers of mitochondrial CoQ deficiency remain largely unknown PEMT deficiency is the first identified positive regulator of mitochondrial CoQ PEMT deficiency increases CoQ by increasing the mitochondrial SAM-to-SAH ratio PEMT deficiency prevents insulin resistance by increasing mitochondrial CoQ
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Ayer
- Heart Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, Australia
| | - Daniel J Fazakerley
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Metabolic Research Laboratory, Wellcome-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Cacang Suarna
- Heart Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Diba Sheipouri
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, Australia
| | - Kevin J Lee
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, Australia
| | - Michelle C Bradley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and the Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Lucía Fernández-Del-Rio
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and the Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Sergey Tumanov
- Heart Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, Australia
| | - Stephanie My Kong
- Heart Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jelske N van der Veen
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Andrian Yang
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Joshua W K Ho
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Laboratory for Data Discovery for Health, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Steven G Clarke
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and the Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, United States
| | - David E James
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ian W Dawes
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Dennis E Vance
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Catherine F Clarke
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and the Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, United States
| | - René L Jacobs
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Roland Stocker
- Heart Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
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19
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Thum C, Roy NC, Everett DW, McNabb WC. Variation in milk fat globule size and composition: A source of bioactives for human health. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 63:87-113. [PMID: 34190660 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1944049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Milk fat globules (MFGs) are secreted from the mammalian gland and are composed of a triacylglycerol core surrounded by a triple membrane structure, the milk fat globule membrane (MFGM). The MFGM contains complex lipids and proteins reported to have nutritional, immunological, neurological and digestive functions. Human and ruminant milk are shown to share a similar MFG structure but with different size, profile and abundance of protein and polar lipids. This review summarizes the reported data on human, bovine, caprine and ovine MFG composition and concentration of bioactive components in different MFG-size fractions. A comprehensive understanding of compositional variations between milk from different species and MFG size fractions may help promote various milk sources as targeted supplements to improve human development and health. MFG size and MFGM composition are species-specific and affected by lactation, diet and breed (or maternal origin). Purification and enrichment methods for some bioactive proteins and lipids present in the MFGM have yet to be established or are not scaled sufficiently to be used to supplement human diets. To overcome this problem, MFG size selection through fractionation or herd selection may provide a convenient way to pre-enrich the MFG fraction with specific protein and lipid components to fulfill human dietary and health requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Thum
- AgResearch, Grasslands Research Centre, Palmerston North, New Zealand.,Riddet Institute, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Nicole C Roy
- AgResearch, Grasslands Research Centre, Palmerston North, New Zealand.,Riddet Institute, Palmerston North, New Zealand.,High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - David W Everett
- AgResearch, Grasslands Research Centre, Palmerston North, New Zealand.,Riddet Institute, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Warren C McNabb
- Riddet Institute, Palmerston North, New Zealand.,High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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20
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Horita DA, Hwang S, Stegall JM, Friday WB, Kirchner DR, Zeisel SH. Two methods for assessment of choline status in a randomized crossover study with varying dietary choline intake in people: isotope dilution MS of plasma and in vivo single-voxel magnetic resonance spectroscopy of liver. Am J Clin Nutr 2021; 113:1670-1678. [PMID: 33668062 PMCID: PMC8168360 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Choline deficiency has numerous negative health consequences; although the preponderance of the US population consumes less than the recommended Adequate Intake (AI), clinical assessment of choline status is difficult. Further, several pathways involved in primary metabolism of choline are estrogen-sensitive and the AI for premenopausal women is lower than that for men. OBJECTIVES We sought to determine whether in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) of liver and/or isotope-dilution MS of plasma could identify biomarkers reflective of choline intake (preregistered primary outcomes 1 and 2, secondary outcome 1). Determination of whether biomarker concentrations showed sex dependence was a post hoc outcome. This substudy is a component of a larger project to identify a clinically useful biomarker panel for assessment of choline status. METHODS In a double-blind, randomized, crossover trial, people consumed 3 diets, representative of ∼100%, ∼50%, and ∼25% of the choline AI, for 2-wk periods. We measured the concentrations of choline and several metabolites using 1H single-voxel MRS of liver in vivo and using 2H-labeled isotope dilution MS of several choline metabolites in extracted plasma. RESULTS Plasma concentrations of 2H9-choline, unlabeled betaine, and 2H9-betaine, and the isotopic enrichment ratio (IER) of betaine showed highly significant between-diet effects (q < 0.0001), with unlabeled betaine concentration decreasing 32% from highest to lowest choline intake. Phosphatidylcholine IER was marginally significant (q = 0.03). Unlabeled phosphatidylcholine plasma concentrations did not show between-diet effects (q = 0.34). 2H9 (trimethyl)-phosphatidylcholine plasma concentrations (q = 0.07) and MRS-measured total soluble choline species liver concentrations (q = 0.07) showed evidence of between-diet effects but this was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS Although MRS is a more direct measure of choline status, variable spectral quality limited interpretation. MS analysis of plasma showed clear correlation of plasma betaine concentration, but not plasma phosphatidylcholine concentration, with dietary choline intake. Plasma betaine concentrations also correlate with sex status (premenopausal women, postmenopausal women, men).This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03726671.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Horita
- Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC, USA
| | - Sunil Hwang
- Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC, USA
| | - Julie M Stegall
- Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC, USA
| | - Walter B Friday
- Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC, USA
| | - David R Kirchner
- Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC, USA
| | - Steven H Zeisel
- Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC, USA.,Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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21
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Lianqun J, Xing J, Yixin M, Si C, Xiaoming L, Nan S, Guoyuan S, Yuan C, Ning Y, Yao W, Na Z, Kaixuan Z, Guanlin Y. Comprehensive multiomics analysis of the effect of ginsenoside Rb1 on hyperlipidemia. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:9732-9747. [PMID: 33744860 PMCID: PMC8064217 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
We analyzed the effects of ginsenoside Rb1 on hyperlipidemic in model mice. Using stool, plasma and hepatic tissue samples, we observed that the genera Blautia and Allobaculum were increased and Turicibacter was decrease in Rb1-treated mice as compared to untreated model mice. Ether lipid metabolism, glycerolipid metabolism, and glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism were differentially enriched between the Rb1 and model groups. Lipidomics revealed 169 metabolites differentially expressed between the model and Rb1 groups in a positive ion model and 58 in a negative ion model. These metabolites mainly participate in glycerophospholipid, linoleic acid, and alpha-linolenic acid metabolism. The main metabolites enriched in these three pathways were phosphatidylcholine, diacylglycerol and ceramide, respectively. In a transcriptome analysis, 766 transcripts were differentially expressed between the Rb1 and model groups. KEGG analysis revealed lysine degradation, inositol phosphate metabolism, and glycerophospholipid metabolism to be the main enriched pathways. Multiomics analysis revealed glycerophospholipid metabolism to be a common pathway and phosphatidylcholine the main metabolite differentially enriched between the Rb1 and model groups. Results from fecal transplanted germ-free mice suggest that to suppress hyperlipidemia, Rb1 regulates gut microbiota by regulating the synthesis and decomposition of phosphatidylcholine in glycerophospholipid metabolism, which in turn decreases serum total cholesterol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Lianqun
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Traditional Chinese Medicine Viscera-State Theory and Applications, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Ju Xing
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Traditional Chinese Medicine Viscera-State Theory and Applications, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Ma Yixin
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Traditional Chinese Medicine Viscera-State Theory and Applications, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Si
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Traditional Chinese Medicine Viscera-State Theory and Applications, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Lv Xiaoming
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Traditional Chinese Medicine Viscera-State Theory and Applications, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Song Nan
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Traditional Chinese Medicine Viscera-State Theory and Applications, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Sui Guoyuan
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Traditional Chinese Medicine Viscera-State Theory and Applications, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Cao Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Traditional Chinese Medicine Viscera-State Theory and Applications, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Ning
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Traditional Chinese Medicine Viscera-State Theory and Applications, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Wu Yao
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Traditional Chinese Medicine Viscera-State Theory and Applications, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao Na
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Traditional Chinese Medicine Viscera-State Theory and Applications, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhan Kaixuan
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Traditional Chinese Medicine Viscera-State Theory and Applications, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Guanlin
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Traditional Chinese Medicine Viscera-State Theory and Applications, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
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22
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Henderson GC, Martinez Tenorio V, Tuazon MA. Acute exercise in mice transiently remodels the hepatic lipidome in an intensity-dependent manner. Lipids Health Dis 2020; 19:219. [PMID: 33032600 PMCID: PMC7545884 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-020-01395-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The content of triacylglycerol (TAG) in the liver is known to rapidly increase after a single bout of exercise followed by recovery to sedentary levels. The response of other hepatic lipids, and acyl chain composition of lipid classes, would provide a deeper understanding of the response of hepatic lipid metabolism to acute exercise. Methods Female mice performed a single bout of continuous exercise (CE), high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE), or no exercise (CON). The total content of various lipids in the liver, and fatty acids within lipid classes, were measured in tissues collected 3 h after exercise (Day 1) and the day following exercise (Day 2). Results The total concentration of TAG rose on Day 1 after exercise (P < 0.05), with a greater elevation in HIIE than CE (P < 0.05), followed by a decline toward CON levels on Day 2. The total concentration of other measured lipid classes was not significantly altered by exercise. However, n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid relative abundance in diacylglycerol (DAG) was increased by HIIE (P < 0.05). In CON liver, TAG content was positively correlated with DAG and phosphatidylethanolamine (P < 0.05), while these statistical associations were disrupted in exercised mice on Day 1. Conclusions The response of lipid metabolism to exercise involves the coordination of metabolism between various tissues, and the lipid metabolism response to acute exercise places a metabolic burden upon the liver. The present findings describe how the liver copes with this metabolic challenge. The flexibility of the TAG pool size in the liver, and other remodeling of the hepatic lipidome, may be fundamental components of the physiological response to intense exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory C Henderson
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, 700 West State Street, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
| | - Valeria Martinez Tenorio
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, 700 West State Street, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Marc A Tuazon
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
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23
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Presa N, Dominguez-Herrera A, van der Veen JN, Vance DE, Gómez-Muñoz A. Implication of phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase in adipocyte differentiation. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1866:165853. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.165853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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24
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Zacharia A, Saidemberg D, Mannully CT, Kogan NM, Shehadeh A, Sinai R, Zucker A, Bruck-Haimson R, Goldstein N, Haim Y, Dani C, Rudich A, Moussaieff A. Distinct infrastructure of lipid networks in visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissues in overweight humans. Am J Clin Nutr 2020; 112:979-990. [PMID: 32766878 PMCID: PMC7528551 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adipose tissue plays important roles in health and disease. Given the unique association of visceral adipose tissue with obesity-related metabolic diseases, the distribution of lipids between the major fat depots located in subcutaneous and visceral regions may shed new light on adipose tissue-specific roles in systemic metabolic perturbations. OBJECTIVE We sought to characterize the lipid networks and unveil differences in the metabolic infrastructure of the 2 adipose tissues that may have functional and nutritional implications. METHODS Paired visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue samples were obtained from 17 overweight patients undergoing elective abdominal surgery. Ultra-performance LC-MS was used to measure 18,640 adipose-derived features; 520 were putatively identified. A stem cell model for adipogenesis was used to study the functional implications of the differences found. RESULTS Our analyses resulted in detailed lipid metabolic maps of the 2 major adipose tissues. They point to a higher accumulation of phosphatidylcholines, triacylglycerols, and diacylglycerols, although lower ceramide concentrations, in subcutaneous tissue. The degree of unsaturation was lower in visceral adipose tissue (VAT) phospholipids, indicating lower unsaturated fatty acid incorporation into adipose tissue. The differential abundance of phosphatidylcholines we found can be attributed at least partially to higher expression of phosphatidylethanolamine methyl transferase (PEMT). PEMT-deficient embryonic stem cells showed a dramatic decrease in adipogenesis, and the resulting adipocytes exhibited lower accumulation of lipid droplets, in line with the lower concentrations of glycerolipids in VAT. Ceramides may inhibit the expression of PEMT by increased insulin resistance, thus potentially suggesting a functional pathway that integrates ceramide, PEMT, and glycerolipid biosynthetic pathways. CONCLUSIONS Our work unveils differential infrastructure of the lipid networks in visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissues and suggests an integrative pathway, with a discriminative flux between adipose tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anish Zacharia
- The Institute for Drug Research, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Daniel Saidemberg
- The Institute for Drug Research, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | - Natalya M Kogan
- The Institute for Drug Research, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Alaa Shehadeh
- The Institute for Drug Research, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Reut Sinai
- The Institute for Drug Research, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Avigail Zucker
- The Institute for Drug Research, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Reut Bruck-Haimson
- The Institute for Drug Research, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Nir Goldstein
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology and The National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Yulia Haim
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology and The National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Christian Dani
- University Côte d'Azur, CNRS, INSERM, iBV, Faculté de Medicine, Nice, France
| | - Assaf Rudich
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology and The National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
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25
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Milk fat globule size development in the mammary epithelial cell: a potential role for ether phosphatidylethanolamine. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12299. [PMID: 32704146 PMCID: PMC7378170 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69036-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Milk fat globule (MFG) size is a milk production trait characteristic to the individual animal and has important effects on the functional and nutritional properties of milk. Although the regulation of MFG size in the mammary epithelial cell is not fully understood, lipid droplet (LD) fusion prior to secretion is believed to play a role. We selected cows that consistently produced milk with predominantly small or large MFGs to compare their lipidomic profiles, with focus on the polar lipid fraction. The polar lipid composition of the monolayer surrounding the LD is believed to either promote or prevent LD fusion. Using a targeted LC–MS/MS approach we studied the relative abundance of 301 detected species and found significant differences between the studied groups. Here we show that the lipidomic profile of milk from small MFG cows is characterised by higher phosphatidylcholine to phosphatidylethanolamine ratios. In contrast, the milk from large MFG cows contained more ether-phosphatidylethanolamine species. This is the first time that a potential role for ether-phosphatidylethanolamine in MFG size development has been suggested.
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26
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Han L, Zhang M, Xing Z, Coleman DN, Liang Y, Loor JJ, Yang G. Knockout of butyrophilin subfamily 1 member A1 ( BTN1A1) alters lipid droplet formation and phospholipid composition in bovine mammary epithelial cells. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2020; 11:72. [PMID: 32637097 PMCID: PMC7333294 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-020-00479-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Milk lipids originate from cytoplasmic lipid droplets (LD) that are synthesized and secreted from mammary epithelial cells by a unique membrane-envelopment process. Butyrophilin 1A1 (BTN1A1) is one of the membrane proteins that surrounds LD, but its role in bovine mammary lipid droplet synthesis and secretion is not well known. Methods The objective was to knockout BTN1A1 in bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMEC) via the CRISPR/Cas9 system and evaluate LD formation, abundance of lipogenic enzymes, and content of cell membrane phospholipid (PL) species. Average LD diameter was determined via Oil Red O staining, and profiling of cell membrane phospholipid species via liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Results Lentivirus-mediated infection of the Cas9/sgRNA expression vector into BMEC resulted in production of a homozygous clone BTN1A1(−/−). The LD size and content decreased following BTN1A1 gene knockout. The mRNA abundance of fatty acid synthase (FASN) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARG) was downregulated in the BTN1A1(−/−) clone. Subcellular analyses indicated that BTN1A1 and LD were co-localized in the cytoplasm. BTN1A1 gene knockout increased the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and decreased phosphatidylcholine (PC), which resulted in a lower PC/PE ratio. Conclusions Results suggest that BTN1A1 plays an important role in regulating LD synthesis via a mechanism involving membrane phospholipid composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqiang Han
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002 PR China
| | - Menglu Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002 PR China
| | - Zhiyang Xing
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002 PR China
| | - Danielle N Coleman
- Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801 USA
| | - Yusheng Liang
- Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801 USA
| | - Juan J Loor
- Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801 USA
| | - Guoyu Yang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002 PR China
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27
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Meroni M, Longo M, Fracanzani AL, Dongiovanni P. MBOAT7 down-regulation by genetic and environmental factors predisposes to MAFLD. EBioMedicine 2020; 57:102866. [PMID: 32629394 PMCID: PMC7339032 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.102866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) encompasses a broad spectrum of hepatic disorders, which include steatosis, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), fibrosis and cirrhosis, that is a critical risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development. Its pathogenesis is intertwined with obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, the predisposition to develop MAFLD is severely influenced by environmental and inherited cues. The rs641738 variant close to MBOAT7 gene has been identified by a genome-wide association screening in heavy drinkers. Although this variant has been associated with the entire spectrum of MAFLD, these results have not been completely replicated and the debate is still opened. Thus, functional studies that unravel the biological mechanisms underlying the genetic association with fatty liver are required. This review aims to summarize the clinical and experimental findings regarding the rs641738 variation and MBOAT7 function, with the purpose to shed light to its role as novel player in MAFLD pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marica Meroni
- General Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122 Milano, Milan, Italy; Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Miriam Longo
- General Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122 Milano, Milan, Italy; Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna L Fracanzani
- General Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122 Milano, Milan, Italy; Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Dongiovanni
- General Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122 Milano, Milan, Italy.
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Olivieri BF, Braz CU, Brito Lopes F, Peripolli E, Medeiros de Oliveira Silva R, Ruegger Pereira da Silva Corte R, Albuquerque LGD, Pereira ASC, Stafuzza NB, Baldi F. Differentially expressed genes identified through RNA-seq with extreme values of principal components for beef fatty acid in Nelore cattle. J Anim Breed Genet 2020; 138:80-90. [PMID: 32424857 DOI: 10.1111/jbg.12483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify differentially expressed genes (DEG) in the Longissimus thoracis muscle of Nelore cattle related to fatty acid (FA) profile through RNA sequencing and principal component analysis (PCA). Two groups of 10 animals each were selected containing PC1 and PC2 extreme DEG values (HIGH × LOW) for each FA group. The intramuscular fat (IMF) was compared between cluster groups by ANOVA, and only the sum of monounsaturated FA (MUFA) and ω3 showed significant differences (p < .05). Interestingly, the highest percentage (95%) of phenotypic variation explained by the sum of the first two PC was observed for ω3, which also displayed the lowest number of DEG (n = 1). The lowest percentage (59%) was observed for MUFA, which also revealed the largest number of DEG (n = 66). Since only MUFA and ω3 exhibited significant differences between cluster groups, we can conclude that the differences observed for the remaining groups are not due to the percentage of IMF. Several genes that have been previously associated with meat quality and FA traits were identified as DEG in this study. The functional analysis revealed one KEGG pathway and eight GO terms as significant (p < .05), in which we highlighted the purine metabolism, glycolytic process, adenosine triphosphate binding and bone development. These results strongly contribute to the knowledge of the biological mechanisms involved in meat FA profile of Nelore cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Ferreira Olivieri
- Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | - Camila Urbano Braz
- Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | - Fernando Brito Lopes
- Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Jaboticabal, Brazil.,Embrapa Cerrados, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Elisa Peripolli
- Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | | | | | - Lucia Galvão de Albuquerque
- Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | - Angélica Simone Cravo Pereira
- Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Departamento de Nutrição e Produção Animal, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Pirassununga, Brazil
| | | | - Fernando Baldi
- Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Jaboticabal, Brazil
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29
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Yue L, McPhee MJ, Gonzalez K, Charman M, Lee J, Thompson J, Winkler DFH, Cornell RB, Pelech S, Ridgway ND. Differential dephosphorylation of CTP:phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase upon translocation to nuclear membranes and lipid droplets. Mol Biol Cell 2020; 31:1047-1059. [PMID: 32186954 PMCID: PMC7346725 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e20-01-0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
CTP:phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase-alpha (CCTα) and CCTβ catalyze the rate-limiting step in phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis. CCTα is activated by association of its α-helical M-domain with nuclear membranes, which is negatively regulated by phosphorylation of the adjacent P-domain. To understand how phosphorylation regulates CCT activity, we developed phosphosite-specific antibodies for pS319 and pY359+pS362 at the N- and C-termini of the P-domain, respectively. Oleate treatment of cultured cells triggered CCTα translocation to the nuclear envelope (NE) and nuclear lipid droplets (nLDs) and rapid dephosphorylation of pS319. Removal of oleate led to dissociation of CCTα from the NE and increased phosphorylation of S319. Choline depletion of cells also caused CCTα translocation to the NE and S319 dephosphorylation. In contrast, Y359 and S362 were constitutively phosphorylated during oleate addition and removal, and CCTα-pY359+pS362 translocated to the NE and nLDs of oleate-treated cells. Mutagenesis revealed that phosphorylation of S319 is regulated independently of Y359+S362, and that CCTα-S315D+S319D was defective in localization to the NE. We conclude that the P-domain undergoes negative charge polarization due to dephosphorylation of S319 and possibly other proline-directed sites and retention of Y359 and S362 phosphorylation, and that dephosphorylation of S319 and S315 is involved in CCTα recruitment to nuclear membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lambert Yue
- Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 2B5, Canada
| | - Michael J McPhee
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Kevin Gonzalez
- Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 2B5, Canada
| | - Mark Charman
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Jonghwa Lee
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Jordan Thompson
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Dirk F H Winkler
- Kinexus Bioinformatics Corporation, Vancouver, BC V6P 6T3, Canada
| | - Rosemary B Cornell
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Steven Pelech
- Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 2B5, Canada.,Kinexus Bioinformatics Corporation, Vancouver, BC V6P 6T3, Canada
| | - Neale D Ridgway
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
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Characterization of the Interaction of Neuropathy Target Esterase with the Endoplasmic Reticulum and Lipid Droplets. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9120848. [PMID: 31835418 PMCID: PMC6995513 DOI: 10.3390/biom9120848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropathy target esterase (NTE) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-localized phospholipase that deacylates phosphatidylcholine (PC) and lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC). Loss-of-function mutations in the human NTE gene have been associated with a spectrum of neurodegenerative disorders such as hereditary spastic paraplegia, ataxia and chorioretinal dystrophy. Despite this, little is known about structure–function relationships between NTE protein domains, enzymatic activity and the interaction with cellular organelles. In the current study we show that the C-terminal region of NTE forms a catalytically active domain that exhibits high affinity for lipid droplets (LDs), cellular storage organelles for triacylglycerol (TAG), which have been recently implicated in the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. Ectopic expression of the C domain in cultured cells decreases cellular PC, elevates TAG and induces LD clustering. LD interactions of NTE are inhibited by default by a non-enzymatic regulatory (R) region with three putative nucleotide monophosphate binding sites. Together with a N-terminal TMD the R region promotes proper distribution of the catalytic C-terminal region to the ER network. Taken together, our data indicate that NTE may exhibit dynamic interactions with the ER and LDs depending on the interplay of its functional regions. Mutations that disrupt this interplay may contribute to NTE-associated disorders by affecting NTE positioning.
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31
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Vahmani P, Salazar V, Rolland DC, Gzyl KE, Dugan MER. Iso- but Not Anteiso-Branched Chain Fatty Acids Exert Growth-Inhibiting and Apoptosis-Inducing Effects in MCF-7 Cells. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:10042-10047. [PMID: 31422658 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b03549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The present study compared the growth-inhibitory effects of four common branched chain fatty acids (BCFAs) found in beef and dairy fats including iso 15:0, anteiso 15:0, iso 17:0, and anteiso 17:0. MCF-7 human breast cancer cells were exposed for 72 h to media containing increasing doses (50 to -400 μM) of the four BCFA. Cell viability was not affected by any of the BCFA treatments at doses less than 200 μM. Culturing cells with 200 μM of iso-15:0 or iso-17:0 reduced cell viability by 27 ± 2.8 and 43 ± 8.3% at 24 h, 35 ± 4.6 and 49 ± 9.1% at 48 h, and 44 ± 6.8 and 57 ± 8.8% at 72 h posttreatment. In contrast, culturing cells with 200 μM of anteiso-15:0 or anteiso-17:0 did not affect cell viability for any durations tested. The incorporation of iso 15:0 and iso 17:0 into cells (19.1 ± 1.3 and 21.2 ± 1.4 μmol/mg protein, respectively) was greater (P < 0.01) than that of anteiso 15:0 and anteiso 17:0 (11.8 ± 0.7 and 13.8 ± 0.8 μmol/mg protein, respectively). Iso-15:0 and iso-17:0 downregulated (P < 0.01) the expression of antiapoptotic Bcl-2 (0.71 ± 0.6-fold and 0.64 ± 0.09-fold, respectively) and upregulated (P < 0.01) the expression of proapoptotic Bax (1.72 ± 0.14-fold and 2.15 ± 0.24-fold, respectively) compared to the control, whereas their corresponding anteiso isomers did not affect the expression of any apoptosis-related genes. Our findings suggest that the branching structure influences anticarcinogenic effects of BCFAs, with iso being more potent than anteiso.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payam Vahmani
- Department of Animal Science , University of California , 2251 Meyer Hall , Davis , California 95616 , United States
- Lacombe Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada , Lacombe , Alberta T4L 1W1 , Canada
| | - Vivien Salazar
- Lacombe Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada , Lacombe , Alberta T4L 1W1 , Canada
| | - David C Rolland
- Lacombe Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada , Lacombe , Alberta T4L 1W1 , Canada
| | - Katherine E Gzyl
- Lacombe Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada , Lacombe , Alberta T4L 1W1 , Canada
| | - Michael E R Dugan
- Lacombe Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada , Lacombe , Alberta T4L 1W1 , Canada
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32
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Bale G, Vishnubhotla RV, Mitnala S, Sharma M, Padaki RN, Pawar SC, Duvvur RN. Whole-Exome Sequencing Identifies a Variant in Phosphatidylethanolamine N-Methyltransferase Gene to be Associated With Lean-Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. J Clin Exp Hepatol 2019. [PMID: 31695245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a spectrum of liver diseases with simple steatosis on one end and hepatocellular carcinoma on the other. Although obesity is a known risk factor for NAFLD, individuals with normal body mass index (BMI) also have hepatic fatty infiltration, now termed "lean-NAFLD". It represents a distinct entity with a strong underlying genetic component. The present study aimed to sequence the complete exonic regions of individuals with lean-NAFLD to identify germline causative variants associated with disrupted hepatic fatty acid metabolism, thereby conferring susceptibility to NAFLD. METHODS Whole blood was collected from patients with lean-NAFLD (n = 6; BMI < 23.0 kg/m2) and matched lean controls (n = 2; discovery set). Liver fat was assessed using acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) imaging. Patients with ultrasound-detected NAFLD (n = 191) and controls (n = 105) were part of validation set. DNA was isolated, and whole-exome sequencing (WES) was performed in the discovery cohort (Ion Proton™; Ion AmpliSeq™ Exome RDY Kit). Data were analyzed (Ion Reporter software; Life Technologies), and variants identified. Validation of variants was carried out (Taqman probes; Real time-PCR). Student's t test and Fisher's exact test were used to analyze the statistical significance. RESULTS Although WES identified ∼74,000 variants in individual samples, using various pipelines. variants in genes namely phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PEMT) and oxysterol-binding protein-related protein10 (OSBPL10) that have roles in dietary choline intake and regulation of cholesterol homeostasis, respectively, were identified (discovery set). Furthermore, significant differences were noted in BMI (p = 0.006), waist/hip circumference (p > 0.001), waist/hip ratio (p > 0.001), aspartate aminotransferase (p > 0.001), alanine aminotransferase (p > 0.001), and triglycerides (p = 0.002) between patients and controls. Validation of variants (rs7946-PEMT and rs2290532-OSBPL10) revealed that variant in PEMT but not OSBPL10 gene was associated (p = 0.04) with threefold increased risk of NAFLD in lean individuals. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate the association of rs7946 with lean-NAFLD. WES may be an effective strategy to identify causative variants underlying lean-NAFLD.
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Key Words
- ALT, alanine aminotransferase
- ARFI, Acoustic Radiation Force Impulse
- AST, aspartate aminotransferase
- BMI, Body mass index
- CI, confidence interval
- DNA, Deoxyribonucleic acid
- FFAs, free fatty acids
- GWAS, Genome-wide association studies
- HCC, Hepatocellular carcinoma
- HDL, high-density lipoproteins
- NAFLD, Nonalcoholic fatty Liver disease
- NASH, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
- OSBPL10
- OSBPL10, Oxysterol-binding protein-related protein10
- PC, phosphatidylcholine
- PCR, Polymerase chain reaction
- PE, phosphatidylethanolamine
- PEMT
- PEMT, Phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase
- PHRED, Phil's Read Editor
- SIFT, Sorting Intoleratnt from Tolerant
- SNPs, Single-nucleotide polymorphisms
- SNVs, Single-nucleotide variants
- WC, Waist circumference
- WES, Whole-Exome Sequencing
- gDNA, genomic Deoxyribonucleic acid
- indel, insertion deletion
- lean-NAFLD
- ng, nano gram
- nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
- pM, pico mole
- whole-exome sequencing
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Affiliation(s)
- Govardhan Bale
- Institute of Basic Sciences and Translational Research, Asian Healthcare Foundation, Hyderabad 500082, Telangana, India
| | - Ravikanth V Vishnubhotla
- Institute of Basic Sciences and Translational Research, Asian Healthcare Foundation, Hyderabad 500082, Telangana, India
| | - Sasikala Mitnala
- Institute of Basic Sciences and Translational Research, Asian Healthcare Foundation, Hyderabad 500082, Telangana, India
| | - Mithun Sharma
- Department of Medical Gastroenterology, Asian Institute of Gastroenterology, Hyderabad 500082, Telangana, India
| | - Rao N Padaki
- Department of Medical Gastroenterology, Asian Institute of Gastroenterology, Hyderabad 500082, Telangana, India
| | - Smita C Pawar
- Department of Genetics, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Reddy N Duvvur
- Department of Medical Gastroenterology, Asian Institute of Gastroenterology, Hyderabad 500082, Telangana, India
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Okazaki Y, Nakamura K, Takeda S, Yoshizawa I, Yoshida F, Ohshima N, Izumi T, Klein JD, Kumrungsee T, Sands JM, Yanaka N. GDE5 inhibition accumulates intracellular glycerophosphocholine and suppresses adipogenesis at a mitotic clonal expansion stage. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2019; 316:C162-C174. [PMID: 30462540 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00305.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian glycerophosphodiesterases (GDEs) were recently shown to be involved in multiple cellular signaling pathways. This study showed that decreased GDE5 expression results in accumulation of intracellular glycerophosphocholine (GPC), showing that GDE5 is actively involved in GPC/choline metabolism in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Using 3T3-L1 adipocytes, we further studied the biological significance of GPC/choline metabolism during adipocyte differentiation. Inhibition of GDE5 suppressed the formation of lipid droplets, which is accompanied by the decreased expression of adipocyte differentiation markers. We further showed that the decreased GDE5 expression suppressed mitotic clonal expansion (MCE) of preadipocytes. Decreased expression of CTP: phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase (CCTβ), a rate-limiting enzyme for phosphatidylcholine (PC) synthesis, is similarly able to inhibit MCE and PC synthesis; however, the decreased GDE5 expression resulted in accumulation of intracellular GPC but did not affect PC synthesis. Furthermore, we showed that mRNAs of proteoglycans and transporters for organic osmolytes are significantly upregulated and that intracellular amino acids and urea levels are altered in response to GDE5 inhibition. Finally, we showed that reduction of GDE5 expression increased lactate dehydrogenase release from preadipocytes. These observations indicate that decreased GDE5 expression can suppress adipocyte differentiation not through the PC pathway but possibly by intracellular GPC accumulation. These results provide insight into the roles of mammalian GDEs and their dependence upon osmotic regulation by altering intracellular GPC levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Okazaki
- Department of Molecular and Applied Bioscience, Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University , Japan
| | - Keishi Nakamura
- Department of Molecular and Applied Bioscience, Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University , Japan
| | - Shuto Takeda
- Department of Molecular and Applied Bioscience, Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University , Japan
| | - Ikumi Yoshizawa
- Department of Molecular and Applied Bioscience, Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University , Japan
| | - Fumiyo Yoshida
- Department of Molecular and Applied Bioscience, Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University , Japan
| | - Noriyasu Ohshima
- Department of Biochemistry, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine , Japan
| | - Takashi Izumi
- Department of Biochemistry, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine , Japan
| | - Janet D Klein
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, and Department of Physiology, Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Thanutchaporn Kumrungsee
- Department of Molecular and Applied Bioscience, Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University , Japan
| | - Jeff M Sands
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, and Department of Physiology, Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Noriyuki Yanaka
- Department of Molecular and Applied Bioscience, Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University , Japan
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34
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Bale G, Vishnubhotla RV, Mitnala S, Sharma M, Padaki RN, Pawar SC, Duvvur RN. Whole-Exome Sequencing Identifies a Variant in Phosphatidylethanolamine N-Methyltransferase Gene to be Associated With Lean-Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. J Clin Exp Hepatol 2019; 9:561-568. [PMID: 31695245 PMCID: PMC6823660 DOI: 10.1016/j.jceh.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a spectrum of liver diseases with simple steatosis on one end and hepatocellular carcinoma on the other. Although obesity is a known risk factor for NAFLD, individuals with normal body mass index (BMI) also have hepatic fatty infiltration, now termed "lean-NAFLD". It represents a distinct entity with a strong underlying genetic component. The present study aimed to sequence the complete exonic regions of individuals with lean-NAFLD to identify germline causative variants associated with disrupted hepatic fatty acid metabolism, thereby conferring susceptibility to NAFLD. METHODS Whole blood was collected from patients with lean-NAFLD (n = 6; BMI < 23.0 kg/m2) and matched lean controls (n = 2; discovery set). Liver fat was assessed using acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) imaging. Patients with ultrasound-detected NAFLD (n = 191) and controls (n = 105) were part of validation set. DNA was isolated, and whole-exome sequencing (WES) was performed in the discovery cohort (Ion Proton™; Ion AmpliSeq™ Exome RDY Kit). Data were analyzed (Ion Reporter software; Life Technologies), and variants identified. Validation of variants was carried out (Taqman probes; Real time-PCR). Student's t test and Fisher's exact test were used to analyze the statistical significance. RESULTS Although WES identified ∼74,000 variants in individual samples, using various pipelines. variants in genes namely phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PEMT) and oxysterol-binding protein-related protein10 (OSBPL10) that have roles in dietary choline intake and regulation of cholesterol homeostasis, respectively, were identified (discovery set). Furthermore, significant differences were noted in BMI (p = 0.006), waist/hip circumference (p > 0.001), waist/hip ratio (p > 0.001), aspartate aminotransferase (p > 0.001), alanine aminotransferase (p > 0.001), and triglycerides (p = 0.002) between patients and controls. Validation of variants (rs7946-PEMT and rs2290532-OSBPL10) revealed that variant in PEMT but not OSBPL10 gene was associated (p = 0.04) with threefold increased risk of NAFLD in lean individuals. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate the association of rs7946 with lean-NAFLD. WES may be an effective strategy to identify causative variants underlying lean-NAFLD.
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Key Words
- ALT, alanine aminotransferase
- ARFI, Acoustic Radiation Force Impulse
- AST, aspartate aminotransferase
- BMI, Body mass index
- CI, confidence interval
- DNA, Deoxyribonucleic acid
- FFAs, free fatty acids
- GWAS, Genome-wide association studies
- HCC, Hepatocellular carcinoma
- HDL, high-density lipoproteins
- NAFLD, Nonalcoholic fatty Liver disease
- NASH, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
- OSBPL10
- OSBPL10, Oxysterol-binding protein-related protein10
- PC, phosphatidylcholine
- PCR, Polymerase chain reaction
- PE, phosphatidylethanolamine
- PEMT
- PEMT, Phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase
- PHRED, Phil's Read Editor
- SIFT, Sorting Intoleratnt from Tolerant
- SNPs, Single-nucleotide polymorphisms
- SNVs, Single-nucleotide variants
- WC, Waist circumference
- WES, Whole-Exome Sequencing
- gDNA, genomic Deoxyribonucleic acid
- indel, insertion deletion
- lean-NAFLD
- ng, nano gram
- nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
- pM, pico mole
- whole-exome sequencing
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Affiliation(s)
- Govardhan Bale
- Institute of Basic Sciences and Translational Research, Asian Healthcare Foundation, Hyderabad 500082, Telangana, India
| | - Ravikanth V. Vishnubhotla
- Institute of Basic Sciences and Translational Research, Asian Healthcare Foundation, Hyderabad 500082, Telangana, India,Address for correspondence: Asian Healthcare Foundation, 6-3-661, Somajiguda, Hyderabad 500 082, India.
| | - Sasikala Mitnala
- Institute of Basic Sciences and Translational Research, Asian Healthcare Foundation, Hyderabad 500082, Telangana, India
| | - Mithun Sharma
- Department of Medical Gastroenterology, Asian Institute of Gastroenterology, Hyderabad 500082, Telangana, India
| | - Rao N. Padaki
- Department of Medical Gastroenterology, Asian Institute of Gastroenterology, Hyderabad 500082, Telangana, India
| | - Smita C. Pawar
- Department of Genetics, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Reddy N. Duvvur
- Department of Medical Gastroenterology, Asian Institute of Gastroenterology, Hyderabad 500082, Telangana, India
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Listenberger L, Townsend E, Rickertsen C, Hains A, Brown E, Inwards EG, Stoeckman AK, Matis MP, Sampathkumar RS, Osna NA, Kharbanda KK. Decreasing Phosphatidylcholine on the Surface of the Lipid Droplet Correlates with Altered Protein Binding and Steatosis. Cells 2018; 7:cells7120230. [PMID: 30477200 PMCID: PMC6316228 DOI: 10.3390/cells7120230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcoholic fatty liver disease (AFLD) is characterized by an abnormal accumulation of lipid droplets (LDs) in the liver. Here, we explore the composition of hepatic LDs in a rat model of AFLD. Five to seven weeks of alcohol consumption led to significant increases in hepatic triglyceride mass, along with increases in LD number and size. Additionally, hepatic LDs from rats with early alcoholic liver injury show a decreased ratio of surface phosphatidylcholine (PC) to phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). This occurred in parallel with an increase in the LD association of perilipin 2, a prominent LD protein. To determine if changes to the LD phospholipid composition contributed to differences in protein association with LDs, we constructed liposomes that modeled the LD PC:PE ratios in AFLD and control rats. Reducing the ratio of PC to PE increased the binding of perilipin 2 to liposomes in an in vitro experiment. Moreover, we decreased the ratio of LD PC:PE in NIH 3T3 and AML12 cells by culturing these cells in choline-deficient media. We again detected increased association of specific LD proteins, including perilipin 2. Taken together, our experiments suggest an important link between LD phospholipids, protein composition, and lipid accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Listenberger
- Departments of Biology and Chemistry, St. Olaf College, Northfield, MN 55057, USA.
| | - Elizabeth Townsend
- Departments of Biology and Chemistry, St. Olaf College, Northfield, MN 55057, USA.
| | - Cassandra Rickertsen
- Departments of Biology and Chemistry, St. Olaf College, Northfield, MN 55057, USA.
| | - Anastasia Hains
- Departments of Biology and Chemistry, St. Olaf College, Northfield, MN 55057, USA.
| | - Elizabeth Brown
- Departments of Biology and Chemistry, St. Olaf College, Northfield, MN 55057, USA.
| | - Emily G Inwards
- Department of Chemistry, Bethel University, St. Paul, MN 55112, USA.
| | | | - Mitchell P Matis
- Research Service, VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE and Departments of Internal Medicine and Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68105, USA.
| | - Rebecca S Sampathkumar
- Research Service, VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE and Departments of Internal Medicine and Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68105, USA.
| | - Natalia A Osna
- Research Service, VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE and Departments of Internal Medicine and Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68105, USA.
| | - Kusum K Kharbanda
- Research Service, VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE and Departments of Internal Medicine and Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68105, USA.
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Koh JH, Wang L, Beaudoin-Chabot C, Thibault G. Lipid bilayer stress-activated IRE-1 modulates autophagy during endoplasmic reticulum stress. J Cell Sci 2018; 131:jcs.217992. [PMID: 30333136 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.217992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic disorders, such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), are emerging as epidemics that affect the global population. One facet of these disorders is attributed to the disturbance of membrane lipid composition. Perturbation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) homeostasis through alteration in membrane phospholipids activates the unfolded protein response (UPR) and causes dramatic transcriptional and translational changes in the cell. To restore cellular homeostasis, the three highly conserved UPR transducers ATF6, IRE1 (also known as ERN1 in mammals) and PERK (also known as EIF2AK3 in mammals) mediate adaptive responses upon ER stress. The homeostatic UPR cascade is well characterised under conditions of proteotoxic stress, but much less so under lipid bilayer stress-induced UPR. Here, we show that disrupted phosphatidylcholine (PC) synthesis in Caenorhabditis elegans causes lipid bilayer stress, lipid droplet accumulation and ER stress induction. Transcriptional profiling of PC-deficient worms revealed a unique subset of genes regulated in a UPR-dependent manner that is independent from proteotoxic stress. Among these, we show that autophagy is modulated through the conserved IRE-1-XBP-1 axis, strongly suggesting of the importance of autophagy in maintaining cellular homeostasis during the lipid bilayer stress-induced UPR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhee Hong Koh
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551
| | | | - Guillaume Thibault
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551
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37
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Dietary Choline Intake: Current State of Knowledge Across the Life Cycle. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10101513. [PMID: 30332744 PMCID: PMC6213596 DOI: 10.3390/nu10101513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Choline, an essential dietary nutrient for humans, is required for the synthesis of the neurotransmitter, acetylcholine, the methyl group donor, betaine, and phospholipids; and therefore, choline is involved in a broad range of critical physiological functions across all stages of the life cycle. The current dietary recommendations for choline have been established as Adequate Intakes (AIs) for total choline; however, dietary choline is present in multiple different forms that are both water-soluble (e.g., free choline, phosphocholine, and glycerophosphocholine) and lipid-soluble (e.g., phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin). Interestingly, the different dietary choline forms consumed during infancy differ from those in adulthood. This can be explained by the primary food source, where the majority of choline present in human milk is in the water-soluble form, versus lipid-soluble forms for foods consumed later on. This review summarizes the current knowledge on dietary recommendations and assessment methods, and dietary choline intake from food sources across the life cycle.
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38
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Lee J, Ridgway ND. Phosphatidylcholine synthesis regulates triglyceride storage and chylomicron secretion by Caco2 cells. J Lipid Res 2018; 59:1940-1950. [PMID: 30115754 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m087635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracellular lipid droplets (LDs) supply fatty acids for energy, membrane biogenesis, and lipoprotein secretion. The surface monolayer of LDs is composed of phospholipids, primarily phosphatidylcholine (PC), that stabilize the neutral lipid core of triglyceride (TG). To determine the relationship between PC synthesis and TG storage and secretion in chylomicrons, we used a model of intestinal-derived human epithelial colorectal adenocarcinoma (Caco2) cells with knockout of PCYT1A, which encodes the rate-limiting enzyme CTP:phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase (CCT)α in the CDP-choline pathway, that were treated with the fatty acid oleate. CRISPR/Cas9 knockout of CCTα in Caco2 cells (Caco2-KO cells) reduced PC synthesis by 50%. Compared with Caco2 cells, Caco2-KO cells exposed to oleate had fewer and larger LDs and greater TG accumulation as a result. The addition of exogenous lysophosphatidylcholine to Caco2-KO cells reversed the LD morphology defect. Caco2-KO cells, differentiated into epithelial monolayers, accumulated intracellular TG and had deficient TG and chylomicron-associated apoB48 secretion; apoB100 secretion was unaffected by CCTα knockout or oleate. Metabolic-labeling and LD imaging of Caco2-KO cells indicated preferential shuttling of de novo synthesized TG into larger LDs rather than into chylomicrons. Thus, reduced de novo PC synthesis in Caco2 cells enhances TG storage in large LDs and inhibits apoB48 chylomicron secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonghwa Lee
- Atlantic Research Center, Departments of Pediatrics, and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Neale D Ridgway
- Atlantic Research Center, Departments of Pediatrics, and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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Tracey TJ, Steyn FJ, Wolvetang EJ, Ngo ST. Neuronal Lipid Metabolism: Multiple Pathways Driving Functional Outcomes in Health and Disease. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:10. [PMID: 29410613 PMCID: PMC5787076 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipids are a fundamental class of organic molecules implicated in a wide range of biological processes related to their structural diversity, and based on this can be broadly classified into five categories; fatty acids, triacylglycerols (TAGs), phospholipids, sterol lipids and sphingolipids. Different lipid classes play major roles in neuronal cell populations; they can be used as energy substrates, act as building blocks for cellular structural machinery, serve as bioactive molecules, or a combination of each. In amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), dysfunctions in lipid metabolism and function have been identified as potential drivers of pathogenesis. In particular, aberrant lipid metabolism is proposed to underlie denervation of neuromuscular junctions, mitochondrial dysfunction, excitotoxicity, impaired neuronal transport, cytoskeletal defects, inflammation and reduced neurotransmitter release. Here we review current knowledge of the roles of lipid metabolism and function in the CNS and discuss how modulating these pathways may offer novel therapeutic options for treating ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Tracey
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Frederik J Steyn
- Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Ernst J Wolvetang
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Shyuan T Ngo
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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40
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Cohen BC, Raz C, Shamay A, Argov-Argaman N. Lipid Droplet Fusion in Mammary Epithelial Cells is Regulated by Phosphatidylethanolamine Metabolism. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2017; 22:235-249. [PMID: 29188493 DOI: 10.1007/s10911-017-9386-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammary epithelial cells (MEC) secrete fat in the form of milk fat globules (MFG) which are found in milk in diverse sizes. MFG originate from intracellular lipid droplets, and the mechanism underlying their size regulation is still elusive. Two main mechanisms have been suggested to control lipid droplet size. The first is a well-documented pathway, which involves regulation of cellular triglyceride content. The second is the fusion pathway, which is less-documented, especially in mammalian cells, and its importance in the regulation of droplet size is still unclear. Using biochemical and molecular inhibitors, we provide evidence that in MEC, lipid droplet size is determined by fusion, independent of cellular triglyceride content. The extent of fusion is determined by the cell membrane's phospholipid composition. In particular, increasing phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) content enhances fusion between lipid droplets and hence increases lipid droplet size. We further identified the underlying biochemical mechanism that controls this content as the mitochondrial enzyme phosphatidylserine decarboxylase; siRNA knockdown of this enzyme reduced the number of large lipid droplets threefold. Further, inhibition of phosphatidylserine transfer to the mitochondria, where its conversion to PE occurs, diminished the large lipid droplet phenotype in these cells. These results reveal, for the first time to our knowledge in mammalian cells and specifically in mammary epithelium, the missing biochemical link between the metabolism of cellular complex lipids and lipid-droplet fusion, which ultimately defines lipid droplet size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bat-Chen Cohen
- The Animal Science Department, The Robert H Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, PO Box 12, Rehovot, 76100, Israel.
| | - Chen Raz
- The Animal Science Department, The Robert H Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, PO Box 12, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Avi Shamay
- Department of Ruminant Science, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Nurit Argov-Argaman
- The Animal Science Department, The Robert H Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, PO Box 12, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
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41
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Liu W, Ma C, Yang B, Yin C, Zhang B, Xiao Y. LncRNA Gm15290 sponges miR-27b to promote PPARγ-induced fat deposition and contribute to body weight gain in mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 493:1168-1175. [PMID: 28943435 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.09.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
We found that Gm15290 was one of the most upregulated lncRNAs in the adipose of ob/ob mice through lncRNA microarray analysis. Then, manipulations of overexpression and silencing in mouse primary adipocytes showed that Gm15290 positively regulated adipogenesis, manifested by increasing lipid deposition and upregulating adipogenic genes including PPARγ, C/EBPα, and aP2. However, overexpression of mutant Gm15290 (at the binding site of miR-27c) did not have an promoting effect on adipogenesis. Additionally, Gm15290 was found to potentially interact with miR-27b that had been identified as a PPARγ targeting miRNA, and we verified their interaction by luciferase activity and RNA pull down assays. Furthermore, inhibition of Gm15290, by injection of the Gm15290 siRNA, decreased the body weight gain and mass of adipose tissues, including iWAT and eWAT, in mice fed with HFD. In conclusion, Gm15290 sponges miR-27b to increase fat deposition and body weight in HFD-fed mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihua Liu
- Pediatrics Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, China; Pediatrics Department, The First Hospital of Xi'an, China
| | - Chunli Ma
- Pediatrics Department, Baoji People's Hospital, China
| | - Bin Yang
- Pediatrics Department, Chang'an District Maternal and Child Health Care of Xi'an, China
| | - Chunyan Yin
- Pediatrics Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, China
| | - Beining Zhang
- Pediatrics Department, The First Hospital of Xi'an, China
| | - Yanfeng Xiao
- Pediatrics Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, China.
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42
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Barbosa AD, Siniossoglou S. Function of lipid droplet-organelle interactions in lipid homeostasis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2017; 1864:1459-1468. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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van der Veen JN, Kennelly JP, Wan S, Vance JE, Vance DE, Jacobs RL. The critical role of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine metabolism in health and disease. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2017; 1859:1558-1572. [PMID: 28411170 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2017.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 921] [Impact Index Per Article: 131.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) are the most abundant phospholipids in all mammalian cell membranes. In the 1950s, Eugene Kennedy and co-workers performed groundbreaking research that established the general outline of many of the pathways of phospholipid biosynthesis. In recent years, the importance of phospholipid metabolism in regulating lipid, lipoprotein and whole-body energy metabolism has been demonstrated in numerous dietary studies and knockout animal models. The purpose of this review is to highlight the unappreciated impact of phospholipid metabolism on health and disease. Abnormally high, and abnormally low, cellular PC/PE molar ratios in various tissues can influence energy metabolism and have been linked to disease progression. For example, inhibition of hepatic PC synthesis impairs very low density lipoprotein secretion and changes in hepatic phospholipid composition have been linked to fatty liver disease and impaired liver regeneration after surgery. The relative abundance of PC and PE regulates the size and dynamics of lipid droplets. In mitochondria, changes in the PC/PE molar ratio affect energy production. We highlight data showing that changes in the PC and/or PE content of various tissues are implicated in metabolic disorders such as atherosclerosis, insulin resistance and obesity. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Membrane Lipid Therapy: Drugs Targeting Biomembranes edited by Pablo V. Escribá.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelske N van der Veen
- Group on the Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2S2, Canada
| | - John P Kennelly
- Group on the Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids, Canada; Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, 4-002 Li Ka Shing Centre for Heath Research Innovations, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Sereana Wan
- Group on the Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2S2, Canada
| | - Jean E Vance
- Group on the Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2S2, Canada
| | - Dennis E Vance
- Group on the Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2S2, Canada
| | - René L Jacobs
- Group on the Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2S2, Canada; Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, 4-002 Li Ka Shing Centre for Heath Research Innovations, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada.
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Natarajan SK, Rasineni K, Ganesan M, Feng D, McVicker BL, McNiven MA, Osna NA, Mott JL, Casey CA, Kharbanda KK. Structure, Function and Metabolism of Hepatic and Adipose Tissue Lipid Droplets: Implications in Alcoholic Liver Disease. Curr Mol Pharmacol 2017; 10:237-248. [PMID: 26278390 PMCID: PMC4820363 DOI: 10.2174/1874467208666150817111727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Revised: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
For more than 30 years, lipid droplets (LDs) were considered as an inert bag of lipid for storage of energy-rich fat molecules. Following a paradigm shift almost a decade ago, LDs are presently considered an active subcellular organelle especially designed for assembling, storing and subsequently supplying lipids for generating energy and membrane synthesis (and in the case of hepatocytes for VLDL secretion). LDs also play a central role in many other cellular functions such as viral assembly and protein degradation. Here, we have explored the structural and functional changes that occur in hepatic and adipose tissue LDs following chronic ethanol consumption in relation to their role in the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karuna Rasineni
- Research Service, VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System (VA NWIHCS). 0
| | - Murali Ganesan
- Research Service, VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System (VA NWIHCS). 0
| | - Dan Feng
- Research Service, VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System (VA NWIHCS). 0
| | - Benita L McVicker
- Research Service, VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System (VA NWIHCS). 0
| | - Mark A McNiven
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota. United States
| | - Natalia A Osna
- Research Service, VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System (VA NWIHCS). 0
| | - Justin L Mott
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center. 0
| | - Carol A Casey
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center. 0
| | - Kusum K Kharbanda
- Veterans Affairs Nebraska Western Iowa Health Care System, Research Service (151), 4101 Woolworth Avenue, Omaha, Nebraska, 68105. United States
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Critical role of the peroxisomal protein PEX16 in white adipocyte development and lipid homeostasis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2016; 1862:358-368. [PMID: 28017862 PMCID: PMC7116240 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2016.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The importance of peroxisomes for adipocyte function is poorly understood. Herein, we provide insights into the critical role of peroxin 16 (PEX16)-mediated peroxisome biogenesis in adipocyte development and lipid metabolism. Pex16 is highly expressed in adipose tissues and upregulated during adipogenesis of murine and human cells. We demonstrate that Pex16 is a target gene of the adipogenesis “master-regulator” PPARγ. Stable silencing of Pex16 in 3T3-L1 cells strongly reduced the number of peroxisomes while mitochondrial number was unaffected. Concomitantly, peroxisomal fatty acid (FA) oxidation was reduced, thereby causing accumulation of long-and very long-chain (polyunsaturated) FAs and reduction of odd-chain FAs. Further, Pex16-silencing decreased cellular oxygen consumption and increased FA release. Additionally, silencing of Pex16 impaired adipocyte differentiation, lipogenic and adipogenic marker gene expression, and cellular triglyceride stores. Addition of PPARγ agonist rosiglitazone and peroxisome-related lipid species to Pex16-silenced 3T3-L1 cells rescued adipogenesis. These data provide evidence that PEX16 is required for peroxisome biogenesis and highlights the relevance of peroxisomes for adipogenesis and adipocyte lipid metabolism.
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Arisawa K, Mitsudome H, Yoshida K, Sugimoto S, Ishikawa T, Fujiwara Y, Ichi I. Saturated fatty acid in the phospholipid monolayer contributes to the formation of large lipid droplets. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 480:641-647. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.10.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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47
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Vahmani P, Meadus WJ, Rolland DC, Duff P, Dugan MER. Trans10,cis15 18:2 Isolated from Beef Fat Does Not Have the Same Anti-Adipogenic Properties as Trans10,cis12–18:2 in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes. Lipids 2016; 51:1231-1239. [DOI: 10.1007/s11745-016-4192-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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48
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Najt CP, Senthivinayagam S, Aljazi MB, Fader KA, Olenic SD, Brock JRL, Lydic TA, Jones AD, Atshaves BP. Liver-specific loss of Perilipin 2 alleviates diet-induced hepatic steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2016; 310:G726-38. [PMID: 26968211 PMCID: PMC4867327 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00436.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic inflammation and fibrosis are key elements in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), a progressive liver disease initiated by excess hepatic lipid accumulation. Lipid droplet protein Perilipin 2 (Plin2) alleviates dietary-induced hepatic steatosis when globally ablated; however, its role in the progression of NASH remains unknown. To investigate this further, we challenged Plin2 liver-specific knockout mice (designated L-KO) and their respective wild-type (WT) controls with a methionine-choline-deficient (MCD) diet for 15 days to induce a NASH phenotype of increased hepatic triglyceride levels through impaired phosphatidylcholine (PC) synthesis and very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) secretion. Results on liver weights, body weights, fat tissue mass, and histology in WT and L-KO mice fed the MCD diet revealed signs of hepatic steatosis, fibrosis, and inflammation; however, these effects were blunted in L-KO mice. In addition, levels of PC and VLDL were unchanged, and hepatic steatosis was reduced in L-KO mice fed the MCD diet, due in part to an increase in remodeling of PE to PC via the enzyme phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PEMT). These mice also exhibited decreased hepatic expression of proinflammatory markers cyclooxygenase 2, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β, and reduced expression of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress proteins C/EBP homologous protein and cleaved caspase-1. Taken together, these results suggest that Plin2 liver-specific ablation alleviates diet-induced hepatic steatosis and inflammation via a PEMT-mediated mechanism that involves compensatory changes in proteins involved in phospholipid remodeling, inflammation, and ER stress that work to alleviate diet-induced NASH. Overall, these findings support a role for Plin2 as a target for NASH therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles P. Najt
- 1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan;
| | | | - Mohammad B. Aljazi
- 1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan;
| | - Kelly A. Fader
- 1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan;
| | - Sandra D. Olenic
- 1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan;
| | - Julienne R. L. Brock
- 1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan;
| | - Todd A. Lydic
- 2Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan; and
| | - A. Daniel Jones
- 1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan; ,3Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Barbara P. Atshaves
- 1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan;
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49
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Lagace TA. Phosphatidylcholine: Greasing the Cholesterol Transport Machinery. Lipid Insights 2016; 8:65-73. [PMID: 27081313 PMCID: PMC4821435 DOI: 10.4137/lpi.s31746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Revised: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Negative feedback regulation of cholesterol metabolism in mammalian cells ensures a proper balance of cholesterol with other membrane lipids, principal among these being the major phospholipid phosphatidylcholine (PC). Processes such as cholesterol biosynthesis and efflux, cholesteryl ester storage in lipid droplets, and uptake of plasma lipoproteins are tuned to the cholesterol/PC ratio. Cholesterol-loaded macrophages in atherosclerotic lesions display increased PC biosynthesis that buffers against elevated cholesterol levels and may also facilitate cholesterol trafficking to enhance cholesterol sensing and efflux. These same mechanisms could play a generic role in homeostatic responses to acute changes in membrane free cholesterol levels. Here, I discuss the established and emerging roles of PC metabolism in promoting intracellular cholesterol trafficking and membrane lipid homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A Lagace
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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50
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van der Veen JN, Lingrell S, Gao X, Quiroga AD, Takawale A, Armstrong EA, Yager JY, Kassiri Z, Lehner R, Vance DE, Jacobs RL. Pioglitazone attenuates hepatic inflammation and fibrosis in phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase-deficient mice. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2016; 310:G526-38. [PMID: 26797396 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00243.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PEMT) is an important enzyme in hepatic phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis. Pemt(-/-) mice are protected against high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity and insulin resistance; however, these mice develop nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We hypothesized that peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) activation by pioglitazone might stimulate adipocyte proliferation, thereby directing lipids from the liver toward white adipose tissue. Pioglitazone might also act directly on PPARγ in the liver to improve NAFLD. Pemt(+/+) and Pemt(-/-) mice were fed a HFD with or without pioglitazone (20 mg·kg(-1)·day(-1)) for 10 wk. Pemt(-/-) mice were protected from HFD-induced obesity but developed NAFLD. Treatment with pioglitazone caused an increase in body weight gain in Pemt(-/-) mice that was mainly due to increased adiposity. Moreover, pioglitazone improved NAFLD in Pemt(-/-) mice, as indicated by a 35% reduction in liver weight and a 57% decrease in plasma alanine transaminase levels. Livers from HFD-fed Pemt(-/-) mice were steatotic, inflamed, and fibrotic. Hepatic steatosis was still evident in pioglitazone-treated Pemt(-/-) mice; however, treatment with pioglitazone reduced hepatic fibrosis, as evidenced by reduced Sirius red staining and lowered mRNA levels of collagen type Iα1 (Col1a1), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1 (Timp1), α-smooth muscle actin (Acta2), and transforming growth factor-β (Tgf-β). Similarly, oxidative stress and inflammation were reduced in livers from Pemt(-/-) mice upon treatment with pioglitazone. Together, these data show that activation of PPARγ in HFD-fed Pemt(-/-) mice improved liver function, while these mice were still protected against diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelske N van der Veen
- Group on the Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Susanne Lingrell
- Group on the Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Xia Gao
- Group on the Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ariel D Quiroga
- Group on the Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Abhijit Takawale
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; and
| | - Edward A Armstrong
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jerome Y Yager
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Zamaneh Kassiri
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; and
| | - Richard Lehner
- Group on the Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Dennis E Vance
- Group on the Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - René L Jacobs
- Group on the Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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