1
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Wang F, Zhou C, Zhu Y, Keshavarzi M. The microRNA Let-7 and its exosomal form: Epigenetic regulators of gynecological cancers. Cell Biol Toxicol 2024; 40:42. [PMID: 38836981 PMCID: PMC11153289 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-024-09884-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Many types of gynecological cancer (GC) are often silent until they reach an advanced stage, and are therefore often diagnosed too late for effective treatment. Hence, there is a real need for more efficient diagnosis and treatment for patients with GC. During recent years, researchers have increasingly studied the impact of microRNAs cancer development, leading to a number of applications in detection and treatment. MicroRNAs are a particular group of tiny RNA molecules that regulate regular gene expression by affecting the translation process. The downregulation of numerous miRNAs has been observed in human malignancies. Let-7 is an example of a miRNA that controls cellular processes as well as signaling cascades to affect post-transcriptional gene expression. Recent research supports the hypothesis that enhancing let-7 expression in those cancers where it is downregulated may be a potential treatment option. Exosomes are tiny vesicles that move through body fluids and can include components like miRNAs (including let-7) that are important for communication between cells. Studies proved that exosomes are able to enhance tumor growth, angiogenesis, chemoresistance, metastasis, and immune evasion, thus suggesting their importance in GC management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wang
- Haiyan People's Hospital, Zhejiang Province, Jiaxing, 314300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chundi Zhou
- Haiyan People's Hospital, Zhejiang Province, Jiaxing, 314300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanping Zhu
- Haiyan People's Hospital, Zhejiang Province, Jiaxing, 314300, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Maryam Keshavarzi
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
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2
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Tian Y, Zhang M, Liu LX, Wang ZC, Liu B, Huang Y, Wang X, Ling YZ, Wang F, Feng X, Tu Y. Exploring non-coding RNA mechanisms in hepatocellular carcinoma: implications for therapy and prognosis. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1400744. [PMID: 38799446 PMCID: PMC11116607 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1400744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a significant contributor to cancer-related deaths in the world. The development and progression of HCC are closely correlated with the abnormal regulation of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), such as microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs). Important biological pathways in cancer biology, such as cell proliferation, death, and metastasis, are impacted by these ncRNAs, which modulate gene expression. The abnormal expression of non-coding RNAs in HCC raises the possibility that they could be applied as new biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment targets. Furthermore, by controlling the expression of cancer-related genes, miRNAs can function as either tumor suppressors or oncogenes. On the other hand, lncRNAs play a role in the advancement of cancer by interacting with other molecules within the cell, which, in turn, affects processes such as chromatin remodeling, transcription, and post-transcriptional processes. The importance of ncRNA-driven regulatory systems in HCC is being highlighted by current research, which sheds light on tumor behavior and therapy response. This research highlights the great potential of ncRNAs to improve patient outcomes in this difficult disease landscape by augmenting the present methods of HCC care through the use of precision medicine approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Tian
- Research Center, The Huizhou Central People’s Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Huizhou, Guangdong, China
- School of Public Health, Benedictine University, Lisle, IL, United States
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Li-xia Liu
- Department of Ultrasound, Hebei Key Laboratory of Precise Imaging of Inflammation Related Tumors, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Zi-chao Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, Hebei Key Laboratory of Precise Imaging of Inflammation Related Tumors, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Central Laboratory, Hebei Key Laboratory of Cancer Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Youcai Huang
- Research Center, The Huizhou Central People’s Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Huizhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoling Wang
- Research Center, The Huizhou Central People’s Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Huizhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yun-zhi Ling
- Research Center, The Huizhou Central People’s Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Huizhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Furong Wang
- Department of Pathology, The Huizhou Central People’s Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Huizhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Feng
- Center of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Gaozhou People’s Hospital, Gaozhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanyang Tu
- Research Center, The Huizhou Central People’s Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Huizhou, Guangdong, China
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3
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Toro AU, Shukla SK, Bansal P. Emerging role of MicroRNA-Based theranostics in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:7681-7691. [PMID: 37418086 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08586-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), with its high mortality and short survival rate, continues to be one of the deadliest malignancies despite relentless efforts and several technological advances. The poor prognosis of HCC and the few available treatments are to blame for the low survival rate, which emphasizes the importance of creating new, effective diagnostic markers and innovative therapy strategies. In-depth research is being done on the potent biomarker miRNAs, a special class of non-coding RNA and has shown encouraging results in the early identification and treatment of HCC in order to find more viable and successful therapeutics for the disease. It is beyond dispute that miRNAs control cell differentiation, proliferation, and survival and, depending on the genes they target, can either promote tumorigenesis or suppress it. Given the vital role miRNAs play in the biological system and their potential to serve as ground-breaking treatments for HCC, more study is required to fully examine their theranostic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulhakim Umar Toro
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Shobhit institute of Engineering and Technology (Deemed to-be-University), Modipuram, Meerut, 250110, India
| | - Sudheesh K Shukla
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Shobhit institute of Engineering and Technology (Deemed to-be-University), Modipuram, Meerut, 250110, India.
| | - Parveen Bansal
- University Centre of Excellence in Research, Baba Farid University of Health Sciences, Faridkot, 151203, India.
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4
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Leavy A, Brennan GP, Jimenez-Mateos EM. MicroRNA Profiling Shows a Time-Dependent Regulation within the First 2 Months Post-Birth and after Mild Neonatal Hypoxia in the Hippocampus from Mice. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10112740. [PMID: 36359259 PMCID: PMC9687916 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10112740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain development occurs until adulthood, with time-sensitive processes happening during embryo development, childhood, and puberty. During early life and childhood, dynamic changes in the brain are critical for physiological brain maturation, and these changes are tightly regulated by the expression of specific regulatory genetic elements. Early life insults, such as hypoxia, can alter the course of brain maturation, resulting in lifelong neurodevelopmental conditions. MicroRNAs are small non-coding RNAs, which regulate and coordinate gene expression. It is estimated that one single microRNA can regulate the expression of hundreds of protein-coding genes.. Uncovering the miRNome and microRNA-regulated transcriptomes may help to understand the patterns of genes regulating brain maturation, and their contribution to neurodevelopmental pathologies following hypoxia at Postnatal day 7. Here, using a PCR-based platform, we analyzed the microRNA profile postnatally in the hippocampus of control mice at postnatal day 8, 14, and 42 and after hypoxia at postnatal day 7, to elucidate the set of microRNAs which may be key for postnatal hippocampus maturation. We observed that microRNAs can be divided in four groups based on their temporal expression. Further after an early life insult, hypoxia at P7, 15 microRNAs showed a misregulation over time, including Let7a. We speculated that the transcriptional regulator c-myc is a contributor to this process. In conclusion, here, we observed that microRNAs are regulated postnatally in the hippocampus and alteration of their expression after hypoxia at birth may be regulated by the transcriptional regulator c-myc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisling Leavy
- Discipline of Physiology, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, D02 R590 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Gary P. Brennan
- Conway Institute, School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 C7X2 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Eva M. Jimenez-Mateos
- Discipline of Physiology, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, D02 R590 Dublin, Ireland
- Correspondence:
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5
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Ginckels P, Holvoet P. Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Cardiovascular Diseases and Cancer: Role of Non-coding RNAs. THE YALE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2022; 95:129-152. [PMID: 35370493 PMCID: PMC8961704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
High oxidative stress, Th1/Th17 immune response, M1 macrophage inflammation, and cell death are associated with cardiovascular diseases. Controlled oxidative stress, Th2/Treg anti-tumor immune response, M2 macrophage inflammation, and survival are associated with cancer. MiR-21 protects against cardiovascular diseases but may induce tumor growth by retaining the anti-inflammatory M2 macrophage and Treg phenotypes and inhibiting apoptosis. Down-regulation of let-7, miR-1, miR-9, miR-16, miR-20a, miR-22a, miR-23a, miR-24a, miR-26a, miR-29, miR-30a, miR-34a, miR-124, miR-128, miR-130a, miR-133, miR-140, miR-143-145, miR-150, miR-153, miR-181a, miR-378, and miR-383 may aid cancer cells to escape from stresses. Upregulation of miR-146 and miR-223 may reduce anti-tumor immune response together with miR-21 that also protects against apoptosis. MiR-155 and silencing of let-7e, miR-125, and miR-126 increase anti-tumor immune response. MiR expression depends on oxidative stress, cytokines, MYC, and TGF-β, and expression of silencing lncRNAs and circ-RNAs. However, one lncRNA or circ-RNA may have opposite effects by targeting several miRs. For example, PVT1 induces apoptosis by targeting miR-16a and miR-30a but inhibits apoptosis by silencing miR-17. In addition, levels of a non-coding RNA in a cell type depend not only on expression in that cell type but also on an exchange of microvesicles between cell types and tumors. Although we got more insight into the function of a growing number of individual non-coding RNAs, overall, we do not know enough how several of them interact in functional networks and how their expression changes at different stages of disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieterjan Ginckels
- Department of Architecture, Brussels and Gent, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Paul Holvoet
- Experimental Cardiology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium,To whom all correspondence should be addressed: Paul Holvoet, Experimental
Cardiology, KU Leuven, Belgium; ; ORCID iD:
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9201-0772
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6
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Liang C, Huang M, Li T, Li L, Sussman H, Dai Y, Siemann DW, Xie M, Tang X. Towards an integrative understanding of cancer mechanobiology: calcium, YAP, and microRNA under biophysical forces. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:1112-1148. [PMID: 35089300 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm01618k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
An increasing number of studies have demonstrated the significant roles of the interplay between microenvironmental mechanics in tissues and biochemical-genetic activities in resident tumor cells at different stages of tumor progression. Mediated by molecular mechano-sensors or -transducers, biomechanical cues in tissue microenvironments are transmitted into the tumor cells and regulate biochemical responses and gene expression through mechanotransduction processes. However, the molecular interplay between the mechanotransduction processes and intracellular biochemical signaling pathways remains elusive. This paper reviews the recent advances in understanding the crosstalk between biomechanical cues and three critical biochemical effectors during tumor progression: calcium ions (Ca2+), yes-associated protein (YAP), and microRNAs (miRNAs). We address the molecular mechanisms underpinning the interplay between the mechanotransduction pathways and each of the three effectors. Furthermore, we discuss the functional interactions among the three effectors in the context of soft matter and mechanobiology. We conclude by proposing future directions on studying the tumor mechanobiology that can employ Ca2+, YAP, and miRNAs as novel strategies for cancer mechanotheraputics. This framework has the potential to bring insights into the development of novel next-generation cancer therapies to suppress and treat tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyu Liang
- Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, Herbert Wertheim College of Engineering (HWCOE), Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
- UF Health Cancer Center (UFHCC), Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Miao Huang
- Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, Herbert Wertheim College of Engineering (HWCOE), Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
- UF Health Cancer Center (UFHCC), Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Tianqi Li
- UF Health Cancer Center (UFHCC), Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine (COM), Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
| | - Lu Li
- UF Health Cancer Center (UFHCC), Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine (COM), Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
| | - Hayley Sussman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, COM, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Yao Dai
- UF Health Cancer Center (UFHCC), Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
- UF Genetics Institute (UFGI), University of Florida (UF), Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Dietmar W Siemann
- UF Health Cancer Center (UFHCC), Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
- UF Genetics Institute (UFGI), University of Florida (UF), Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Mingyi Xie
- UF Health Cancer Center (UFHCC), Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine (COM), Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering (COE), University of Delaware (UD), Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Xin Tang
- Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, Herbert Wertheim College of Engineering (HWCOE), Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
- UF Health Cancer Center (UFHCC), Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
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7
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De Santis C, Götte M. The Role of microRNA Let-7d in Female Malignancies and Diseases of the Female Reproductive Tract. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147359. [PMID: 34298978 PMCID: PMC8305730 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
microRNAs are small noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression at the posttranscriptional level. Let-7d is a microRNA of the conserved let-7 family that is dysregulated in female malignancies including breast cancer, ovarian cancer, endometrial cancer, and cervical cancer. Moreover, a dysregulation is observed in endometriosis and pregnancy-associated diseases such as preeclampsia and fetal growth restriction. Let-7d expression is regulated by cytokines and steroids, involving transcriptional regulation by OCT4, MYC and p53, as well as posttranscriptional regulation via LIN28 and ADAR. By downregulating a wide range of relevant mRNA targets, let-7d affects cellular processes that drive disease progression such as cell proliferation, apoptosis (resistance), angiogenesis and immune cell function. In an oncological context, let-7d has a tumor-suppressive function, although some of its functions are context-dependent. Notably, its expression is associated with improved therapeutic responses to chemotherapy in breast and ovarian cancer. Studies in mouse models have furthermore revealed important roles in uterine development and function, with implications for obstetric diseases. Apart from a possible utility as a diagnostic blood-based biomarker, pharmacological modulation of let-7d emerges as a promising therapeutic concept in a variety of female disease conditions.
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MESH Headings
- Aging
- Animals
- Biomarkers
- Biomarkers, Tumor
- Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Breast Neoplasms/genetics
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Female
- Fertility/genetics
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Genes, Tumor Suppressor
- Genital Diseases, Female/drug therapy
- Genital Diseases, Female/genetics
- Genital Neoplasms, Female/drug therapy
- Genital Neoplasms, Female/genetics
- Humans
- Mice
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- MicroRNAs/physiology
- Molecular Targeted Therapy
- Pregnancy
- Pregnancy Complications/genetics
- RNA, Neoplasm/antagonists & inhibitors
- RNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- RNA, Neoplasm/physiology
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8
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let-7 microRNAs: Their Role in Cerebral and Cardiovascular Diseases, Inflammation, Cancer, and Their Regulation. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9060606. [PMID: 34073513 PMCID: PMC8227213 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9060606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The let-7 family is among the first microRNAs found. Recent investigations have indicated that it is highly expressed in many systems, including cerebral and cardiovascular systems. Numerous studies have implicated the aberrant expression of let-7 members in cardiovascular diseases, such as stroke, myocardial infarction (MI), cardiac fibrosis, and atherosclerosis as well as in the inflammation related to these diseases. Furthermore, the let-7 microRNAs are involved in development and differentiation of embryonic stem cells in the cardiovascular system. Numerous genes have been identified as target genes of let-7, as well as a number of the let-7’ regulators. Further studies are necessary to identify the gene targets and signaling pathways of let-7 in cardiovascular diseases and inflammatory processes. The bulk of the let-7’ regulatory proteins are well studied in development, proliferation, differentiation, and cancer, but their roles in inflammation, cardiovascular diseases, and/or stroke are not well understood. Further knowledge on the regulation of let-7 is crucial for therapeutic advances. This review focuses on research progress regarding the roles of let-7 and their regulation in cerebral and cardiovascular diseases and associated inflammation.
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9
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Wang H, Chirshev E, Hojo N, Suzuki T, Bertucci A, Pierce M, Perry C, Wang R, Zink J, Glackin CA, Ioffe YJ, Unternaehrer JJ. The Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transcription Factor SNAI1 Represses Transcription of the Tumor Suppressor miRNA let-7 in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13061469. [PMID: 33806868 PMCID: PMC8004805 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13061469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary When cells undergo epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) they gain characteristics of stem cells. We investigated the mechanism by which the EMT transcription factor SNAI1 induces stem cell features. In these studies, we observed that SNAI1 represses a microRNA that maintains differentiation, let-7. This microRNA is lost in cancer, and its loss correlates with poor prognosis. In breast, pancreatic, and ovarian cancer cell lines the cell stemness in increased by SNAI1 overexpression and reduced by SNAI1 knockdown. We extended the ovarian cancer results to patient-derived cells, and to a mouse xenograft model. In mice, we used nanoparticles to deliver small RNAs (RNAi) targeting SNAI1, resulting in restoration of let-7 levels, inhibition of stemness, and reduced tumor burden. Our studies validate nanoparticle-delivered RNAi targeting SNAI1 as a clinically relevant approach. Abstract We aimed to determine the mechanism of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT)-induced stemness in cancer cells. Cancer relapse and metastasis are caused by rare stem-like cells within tumors. Studies of stem cell reprogramming have linked let-7 repression and acquisition of stemness with the EMT factor, SNAI1. The mechanisms for the loss of let-7 in cancer cells are incompletely understood. In four carcinoma cell lines from breast cancer, pancreatic cancer, and ovarian cancer and in ovarian cancer patient-derived cells, we analyzed stem cell phenotype and tumor growth via mRNA, miRNA, and protein expression, spheroid formation, and growth in patient-derived xenografts. We show that treatment with EMT-promoting growth factors or SNAI1 overexpression increased stemness and reduced let-7 expression, while SNAI1 knockdown reduced stemness and restored let-7 expression. Rescue experiments demonstrate that the pro-stemness effects of SNAI1 are mediated via let-7. In vivo, nanoparticle-delivered siRNA successfully knocked down SNAI1 in orthotopic patient-derived xenografts, accompanied by reduced stemness and increased let-7 expression, and reduced tumor burden. Chromatin immunoprecipitation demonstrated that SNAI1 binds the promoters of various let-7 family members, and luciferase assays revealed that SNAI1 represses let-7 transcription. In conclusion, the SNAI1/let-7 axis is an important component of stemness pathways in cancer cells, and this study provides a rationale for future work examining this axis as a potential target for cancer stem cell-specific therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanmin Wang
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA; (H.W.); (E.C.); (N.H.); (T.S.); (A.B.); (C.P.)
| | - Evgeny Chirshev
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA; (H.W.); (E.C.); (N.H.); (T.S.); (A.B.); (C.P.)
| | - Nozomi Hojo
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA; (H.W.); (E.C.); (N.H.); (T.S.); (A.B.); (C.P.)
| | - Tise Suzuki
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA; (H.W.); (E.C.); (N.H.); (T.S.); (A.B.); (C.P.)
| | - Antonella Bertucci
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA; (H.W.); (E.C.); (N.H.); (T.S.); (A.B.); (C.P.)
| | - Michael Pierce
- Department of Biology, California State University San Bernardino, San Bernardino, CA 92407, USA;
| | - Christopher Perry
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA; (H.W.); (E.C.); (N.H.); (T.S.); (A.B.); (C.P.)
| | - Ruining Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (R.W.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jeffrey Zink
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (R.W.); (J.Z.)
| | | | - Yevgeniya J. Ioffe
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA;
| | - Juli J. Unternaehrer
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA; (H.W.); (E.C.); (N.H.); (T.S.); (A.B.); (C.P.)
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-909-558-7691; Fax: +1-909-558-4887
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10
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Morishita A, Oura K, Tadokoro T, Fujita K, Tani J, Masaki T. MicroRNAs in the Pathogenesis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Review. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13030514. [PMID: 33572780 PMCID: PMC7866004 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13030514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most frequently occurring cancers, and the prognosis for late-stage HCC remains poor. A better understanding of the pathogenesis of HCC is expected to improve outcomes. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, noncoding, single-stranded RNAs that regulate the expression of various target genes, including those in cancer-associated genomic regions or fragile sites in various human cancers. We summarize the central roles of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of HCC and discuss their potential utility as valuable biomarkers and new therapeutic agents for HCC. Abstract Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the seventh most frequent cancer and the fourth leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Despite substantial advances in therapeutic strategies, the prognosis of late-stage HCC remains dismal because of the high recurrence rate. A better understanding of the etiology of HCC is therefore necessary to improve outcomes. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, endogenous, noncoding, single-stranded RNAs that modulate the expression of their target genes at the posttranscriptional and translational levels. Aberrant expression of miRNAs has frequently been detected in cancer-associated genomic regions or fragile sites in various human cancers and has been observed in both HCC cells and tissues. The precise patterns of aberrant miRNA expression differ depending on disease etiology, including various causes of hepatocarcinogenesis, such as viral hepatitis, alcoholic liver disease, or nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. However, little is known about the underlying mechanisms and the association of miRNAs with the pathogenesis of HCC of various etiologies. In the present review, we summarize the key mechanisms of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of HCC and emphasize their potential utility as valuable diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, as well as innovative therapeutic targets, in HCC diagnosis and treatment.
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11
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Nomura K, Kitanaka A, Iwama H, Tani J, Nomura T, Nakahara M, Ohura K, Tadokoro T, Fujita K, Mimura S, Yoneyama H, Kobara H, Morishita A, Okano K, Suzuki Y, Tsutsi K, Himoto T, Masaki T. Association between microRNA-527 and glypican-3 in hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2021; 21:229. [PMID: 33613718 PMCID: PMC7856685 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to identify the specific microRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) and their corresponding target genes involved in hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs). Microarray analysis was performed to examine the miRNA expression profiles of four paired HCC and corresponding non-cancerous (N) liver tissues using 985 miRNA probes. The Human miRNA Target database was used to identify the target genes of differentially expressed miRNAs between the HCC and N tissues. The protein expression levels of target genes in the HCC tissues and cell lines were evaluated using western blotting. miRNA-mediated suppression of target gene expression was evaluated by transiently transfecting the miRNA into the HCC cell lines. Of the 985 miRNAs evaluated, four miRNAs were differentially expressed (three upregulated and one downregulated miRNAs). Of these four miRNAs, miRNA-527 was highly downregulated in the HCC tissues. Glypican-3 (GPC-3) was predicted as a target gene of miRNA-527. Western blotting revealed that GPC-3 protein is highly expressed in the HCC tissues and HCC cell lines compared with N and normal cell lines. Transfection with miR-527 resulted in suppression of GPC-3 protein expression in the Cos7 cells. Furthermore, transfection with miR-527 also inhibited the intrinsic expression of GPC-3 in the Huh-7 cell line. This indicated that miR-527 in the HCC tissues may be an important novel miRNA that targets the GPC-3 gene expression. GPC-3, whose expression is regulated by miR-527, may be involved in the development and progression of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Nomura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Akira Kitanaka
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Okayama 701-0192, Japan
| | - Hisakazu Iwama
- Information Technology Center, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Joji Tani
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Takako Nomura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Mai Nakahara
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Kyoko Ohura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Tomoko Tadokoro
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Koji Fujita
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Shima Mimura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Hirohito Yoneyama
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Hideki Kobara
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Asahiro Morishita
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Keiichi Okano
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Suzuki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Kunihiko Tsutsi
- Department of Healthy Science, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Takashi Himoto
- Department of Clinical Examination, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kagawa Prefectural University of Health Sciences, Takamatsu, Kagawa 761-0123, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Masaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
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12
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Zhai W, Sun H, Li Z, Li L, Jin A, Li Y, Chen J, Yang X, Sun Q, Lu S, Roth M. PRMT1 Modulates Processing of Asthma-Related Primary MicroRNAs (Pri-miRNAs) into Mature miRNAs in Lung Epithelial Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 206:11-22. [PMID: 33239422 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Protein arginine methyltransferase-1 (PRMT1) is an important epigenetic regulator of cell function and contributes to inflammation and remodeling in asthma in a cell type-specific manner. Disease-specific expression patterns of microRNAs (miRNA) are associated with chronic inflammatory lung diseases, including asthma. The de novo synthesis of miRNA depends on the transcription of primary miRNA (pri-miRNA) transcript. This study assessed the role of PRMT1 on pri-miRNA to mature miRNA process in lung epithelial cells. Human airway epithelial cells, BEAS-2B, were transfected with the PRMT1 expression plasmid pcDNA3.1-PRMT1 for 48 h. Expression profiles of miRNA were determined by small RNA deep sequencing. Comparing these miRNAs with datasets of microarrays from five asthma patients (Gene Expression Omnibus dataset), 12 miRNAs were identified that related to PRMT1 overexpression and to asthma. The overexpression or knockdown of PRMT1 modulated the expression of the asthma-related miRNAs and their pri-miRNAs. Coimmunoprecipitation showed that PRMT1 formed a complex with STAT1 or RUNX1 and thus acted as a coactivator, stimulating the transcription of pri-miRNAs. Stimulation with TGF-β1 promoted the interaction of PRMT1 with STAT1 or RUNX1, thereby upregulating the transcription of two miRNAs: let-7i and miR-423. Subsequent chromatin immunoprecipitation assays revealed that the binding of the PRMT1/STAT1 or PRMT1/RUNX1 coactivators to primary let-7i (pri-let-7i) and primary miR (pri-miR) 423 promoter was critical for pri-let-7i and pri-miR-423 transcription. This study describes a novel role of PRMT1 as a coactivator for STAT1 or RUNX1, which is essential for the transcription of pri-let-7i and pri-miR-423 in epithelial cells and might be relevant to epithelium dysfunction in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqi Zhai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Haoming Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhi Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Li Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ai Jin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuwen Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jian Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaojun Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China;
| | - Qingzhu Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China; .,Pneumology and Pulmonary Cell Research, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland; and
| | - Shemin Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Michael Roth
- Pneumology and Pulmonary Cell Research, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland; and
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13
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Shams R, Asadzadeh Aghdaei H, Behmanesh A, Sadeghi A, Zali M, Salari S, Padrón JM. MicroRNAs Targeting MYC Expression: Trace of Hope for Pancreatic Cancer Therapy. A Systematic Review. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:2393-2404. [PMID: 32308478 PMCID: PMC7132265 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s245872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the deadliest malignancies and a major health problem worldwide. There were no major advances in conventional treatments in inhibiting tumor progression and increasing patient survival time. In order to suppress mechanisms responsible for tumor cell development such as those with oncogenic roles, more advanced therapeutic strategies should be sought. One of the most important oncogenes of pancreatic cancer is the MYC gene. The overexpression of MYC can activate many tumorigenic processes such as cell proliferation and pancreatic cancer cell invasion. MiRNAs are important molecules that are confirmed by targeting mRNA transcripts to regulate the expression of the MYC gene. Therefore, restoring MYC-repressing miRNAs expression tends to be an effective method of treating MYC-driven cancers. Objective The purpose of this study was to identify all validated microRNAs targeting C-MYC expression to inhibit PDAC progression by conducting a systematic review. Methods In this systematic review study, the papers published between 2000 and 2020 in major online scientific databases including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were screened, following inclusion and exclusion criteria. We extracted all the experimental studies that showed miRNAs could target the expression of the MYC gene in PDAC. Results Eight papers were selected from a total of 89 papers. We found that six miRNAs (Let-7a, miR-145, miR-34a, miR-375, miR-494, and miR-148a) among the selected studies were validated for targeting MYC gene and three of them confirmed Let-7a as a direct MYC expression regulator in PC cells. Finally, we summarized the latest shreds of evidence of experimentally validated miRNAs targeting the MYC gene with respect to PDAC’s therapeutic potential. Conclusion Restoring the expression of MYC-repressing miRNAs tends to be an effective way to treat MYC-driven cancers such as PDAC. Several miRNAs have been proposed to target this oncogene via bioinformatics tools, but only a few have been experimentally validated for pancreatic cancer cells and models. Further studies should be conducted to find the interaction network of miRNA-MYC to develop more successful therapeutic strategies for PC, using the synergistic effects of these miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshanak Shams
- Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Asadzadeh Aghdaei
- Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Behmanesh
- Student Research Committee, School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Sadeghi
- Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammadareza Zali
- Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sina Salari
- Taleghani Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - José M Padrón
- BioLab, Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica "Antonio González" (IUBO-AG), Universidad de la Laguna, La Laguna, Spain
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14
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Yang ZY, Wang Y, Liu Q, Wu M. microRNA cluster MC-let-7a-1~let-7d promotes autophagy and apoptosis of glioma cells by down-regulating STAT3. CNS Neurosci Ther 2019; 26:319-331. [PMID: 31868319 PMCID: PMC7052808 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Accumulating evidence has highlighted the correlation between microRNAs (miRNAs) and the progression of glioma. However, the role of miR cluster MC‐let‐7a‐1 ~ let‐7d in glioma remains elusive. Thus, the current study aimed to investigate the effect of miR cluster MC‐let‐7a‐1 ~ let‐7d on glioma progression. Methods and Results Microarray data analysis provided data indicating the involvement of miR cluster MC‐let‐7a‐1 ~ let‐7d in glioma via STAT3. The expression of let‐7a‐1, let‐7d, let‐7f‐1, and miR cluster MC‐let‐7a‐1 ~ let‐7d was diminished in the glioma tissues and the cell lines. Additionally, our results revealed that STAT3 was a target gene of let‐7d, let‐7a‐1, and let‐7f‐1, which was further verified by the dual‐luciferase reporter gene assay. Moreover, STAT3 expression was negatively mediated by let‐7a‐1, let‐7d, and let‐7f‐1. Up‐regulated miR cluster MC‐let‐7a‐1 ~ let‐7d or silenced STAT3 suppressed cell proliferation but accelerated cell apoptosis and autophagy. Moreover, restrained tumor growth was identified in the nude mice treated with miR cluster MC‐let‐7a‐1 ~ let‐7d mimics or STAT3 siRNA. Conclusion Taken together, the miR cluster MC‐let‐7a‐1 ~ let‐7d promotes glioma cell autophagy and apoptosis by repressing STAT3. The current study highlights the potential of the miR cluster MC‐let‐7a‐1 ~ let‐7d as biomarkers and promising treatment strategies for glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuan-Yi Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Medical School of Central South University & Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ming Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China
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15
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Chirshev E, Oberg KC, Ioffe YJ, Unternaehrer JJ. Let-7 as biomarker, prognostic indicator, and therapy for precision medicine in cancer. Clin Transl Med 2019; 8:24. [PMID: 31468250 PMCID: PMC6715759 DOI: 10.1186/s40169-019-0240-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal regulation and expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) has been documented in various diseases including cancer. The miRNA let-7 (MIRLET7) family controls developmental timing and differentiation. Let-7 loss contributes to carcinogenesis via an increase in its target oncogenes and stemness factors. Let-7 targets include genes regulating the cell cycle, cell signaling, and maintenance of differentiation. It is categorized as a tumor suppressor because it reduces cancer aggressiveness, chemoresistance, and radioresistance. However, in rare situations let-7 acts as an oncogene, increasing cancer migration, invasion, chemoresistance, and expression of genes associated with progression and metastasis. Here, we review let-7 function as tumor suppressor and oncogene, considering let-7 as a potential diagnostic and prognostic marker, and a therapeutic target for cancer treatment. We explain the complex regulation and function of different let-7 family members, pointing to abnormal processes involved in carcinogenesis. Let-7 is a promising option to complement conventional cancer therapy, but requires a tumor specific delivery method to avoid toxicity. While let-7 therapy is not yet established, we make the case that assessing its tumor presence is crucial when choosing therapy. Clinical data demonstrate that let-7 can be used as a biomarker for rational precision medicine decisions, resulting in improved patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny Chirshev
- Division of Anatomy, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Kerby C Oberg
- Division of Anatomy and Pediatric Pathology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Yevgeniya J Ioffe
- Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Juli J Unternaehrer
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University, 11085 Campus Street, Mortensen Hall 219, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA.
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16
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Jiang S. A Regulator of Metabolic Reprogramming: MicroRNA Let-7. Transl Oncol 2019; 12:1005-1013. [PMID: 31128429 PMCID: PMC6531867 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2019.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Let-7, a gene firstly known to control the timing of Caenorhabditis elegans larval development does not code for a protein but instead produces small non-coding RNAs, microRNAs. Higher animals have multiple isoforms of mature let-7 microRNAs. Mature let-7 family members share the same “seed sequence” and distinct from each other slightly by ‘non-seed’ sequence region. Let-7 has emerged as a central regulator of systemic energy homeostasis and it displays remarkable plasticity in metabolic responses to nutrients availability and physiological activities. In this review, we discuss recent studies highlighting post-transcriptional mechanisms that govern metabolic reprogramming in distinct cells by let-7. We focus on the participation of the let-7 clusters in immune cells, and suggest that tissue-specific regulation of the let-7 clusters by engineered mouse models might impact metabolic homeostasis and will be required to elucidate their physiological and pathological roles in the in vivo disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Jiang
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.
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17
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Chen YN, Ren CC, Yang L, Nai MM, Xu YM, Zhang F, Liu Y. MicroRNA let‑7d‑5p rescues ovarian cancer cell apoptosis and restores chemosensitivity by regulating the p53 signaling pathway via HMGA1. Int J Oncol 2019; 54:1771-1784. [PMID: 30816441 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2019.4731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is the gynecological malignancy type with the highest mortality rate in females. The regulatory effect of microRNAs (miRs) on their target genes serves a key role in tumor development. Therefore, in the present study, whether miR let‑7d‑5p targeting high mobility group A1 (HMGA1) regulated biological characteristics and chemosensitivity of OC cells by mediating the p53 signaling pathway was investigated. The let‑7d‑5p level was detected in OC tissues and adjacent normal tissues, followed by detection in OC cell lines SKOV3, A2780, OVCAR‑3 and CaOV3, and human normal ovarian epithelial cell line (IOSE‑80), in order to select the OC cell line for the following experiments. Subsequently, OC cells were treated with the let‑7d‑5p mimic, siHMGA1 and Tenovin‑1. The targeting association between let‑7d‑5p and HMGA1 was then examined, and the OC cell viability, migration, cycle and apoptosis were evaluated. Subsequently, the chemosensitivity of OC cells to cisplatin was verified. Finally, expression levels of let‑7d‑5p, HMGA1, p21, B‑cell lymphoma‑2 (Bcl‑2)‑associated X (Bax), p27, p53 wild‑type (p53wt), p53 mutated (p53mut), proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), cyclin‑dependent kinase 2 (CDK2), matrix metallopeptidase (MMP)2, MMP9 and Bcl‑2 were determined. As demonstrated in the results, let‑7d‑5p expression was low in OC tissues and had an increased reduction in the OVCAR‑3 cell line. HMGA1 was confirmed as a target of let‑7d‑5p, and its expression was also silenced by let‑7d‑5p. let‑7d‑5p repressed OC cell viability, migration, cell cycle progression and apoptosis, while it promoted the chemosensitivity of OC cells to cisplatin by targeting HMGA1. The expression of let‑7d‑5p, p21, Bax, p27 and p53wt was increased, while that of HMGA1, p53mut, PCNA, CDK2, MMP2, MMP9 and Bcl‑2 was reduced following cell transfection. The results in the present study provided evidence that let‑7d‑5p may suppress proliferation, and facilitate apoptosis and cisplatin chemosensitivity of OC cells by silencing HMGA1 via the p53 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Nan Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Chen-Chen Ren
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Man-Man Nai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Ming Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
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18
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Ramezanpour M, Daei P, Tabarzad M, Khanaki K, Elmi A, Barati M. Preliminary study on the effect of nucleolin specific aptamer-miRNA let-7d chimera on Janus kinase-2 expression level and activity in gastric cancer (MKN-45) cells. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 46:207-215. [PMID: 30415442 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-018-4462-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Recently, much attention has been focused on the use of miRNAs in cancer treatment. The role of proto-oncogene Janus kinase-2 (JAK-2) in proliferation and survival of gastric cancer has been previously documented. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a chimera consisted of nucleolin specific aptamer (NCL-Apt) and miRNA let-7d on JAK2 expression level and activity in gastric cancer cells. NCL-Apt-miRNA let-7d chimera was prepared by two methods. Gastric cancer (MKN-45) cell line and control cell line of human dermal fibroblast (HDF) were treated with the chimera and the changes in JAK2 expression and activity were determined using real-time PCR and ELISA techniques, respectively. In MKN-45 cells, the chimera caused significant decrease in JAK2 expression level and activity compared to the aptamer alone and miRNA mimic negative control. Nevertheless, transfected miRNA let-7d showed remarkable reduction in the expression level of JAK2 in comparison with control state in both MKN-45 and HDF, confirmed unspecific effect of let-7d on normal and cancerous cells. With regard to the synergic effect of this chimera on JAK2 activity, it might be viewed as a therapeutic candidate in gastric cancer. However, further studies are warranted to prove it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Ramezanpour
- Medical Biotechnology Research Center, School of Paramedicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Puyan Daei
- Medical Biotechnology Research Center, School of Paramedicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Maryam Tabarzad
- Protein Technology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Korosh Khanaki
- Medical Biotechnology Research Center, School of Paramedicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
| | - Ali Elmi
- Medical Biotechnology Research Center, School of Paramedicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Mahmood Barati
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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19
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Kim Y, Lee D, Lee J, Lee S, Lawler S. Role of tumor-associated neutrophils in regulation of tumor growth in lung cancer development: A mathematical model. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0211041. [PMID: 30689655 PMCID: PMC6349324 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0211041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils display rapid and potent innate immune responses in various diseases. Tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs) however either induce or overcome immunosuppressive functions of the tumor microenvironment through complex tumor-stroma crosstalk. We developed a mathematical model to address the question of how phenotypic alterations between tumor suppressive N1 TANS, and tumor promoting N2 TANs affect nonlinear tumor growth in a complex tumor microenvironment. The model provides a visual display of the complex behavior of populations of TANs and tumors in response to various TGF-β and IFN-β stimuli. In addition, the effect of anti-tumor drug administration is incorporated in the model in an effort to achieve optimal anti-tumor efficacy. The simulation results from the mathematical model were in good agreement with experimental data. We found that the N2-to-N1 ratio (N21R) index is positively correlated with aggressive tumor growth, suggesting that this may be a good prognostic factor. We also found that the antitumor efficacy increases when the relative ratio (Dap) of delayed apoptotic cell death of N1 and N2 TANs is either very small or relatively large, providing a basis for therapeutically targeting prometastatic N2 TANs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangjin Kim
- Department of Mathematics, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Mathematical Biosciences Institute, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Donggu Lee
- Department of Mathematics, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Junho Lee
- Department of Mathematics, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongwon Lee
- Division of Mathematical Models, National Institute for Mathematical Sciences, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sean Lawler
- Department of neurosurgery, Harvard Medical School & Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
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20
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Ustianenko D, Chiu HS, Treiber T, Weyn-Vanhentenryck SM, Treiber N, Meister G, Sumazin P, Zhang C. LIN28 Selectively Modulates a Subclass of Let-7 MicroRNAs. Mol Cell 2018; 71:271-283.e5. [PMID: 30029005 PMCID: PMC6238216 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2018.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
LIN28 is a bipartite RNA-binding protein that post-transcriptionally inhibits the biogenesis of let-7 microRNAs to regulate development and influence disease states. However, the mechanisms of let-7 suppression remain poorly understood because LIN28 recognition depends on coordinated targeting by both the zinc knuckle domain (ZKD), which binds a GGAG-like element in the precursor, and the cold shock domain (CSD), whose binding sites have not been systematically characterized. By leveraging single-nucleotide-resolution mapping of LIN28 binding sites in vivo, we determined that the CSD recognizes a (U)GAU motif. This motif partitions the let-7 microRNAs into two subclasses, precursors with both CSD and ZKD binding sites (CSD+) and precursors with ZKD but no CSD binding sites (CSD-). LIN28 in vivo recognition-and subsequent 3' uridylation and degradation-of CSD+ precursors is more efficient, leading to their stronger suppression in LIN28-activated cells and cancers. Thus, CSD binding sites amplify the regulatory effects of LIN28.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmytro Ustianenko
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Disease, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Hua-Sheng Chiu
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Thomas Treiber
- Biochemistry Center Regensburg (BZR), Laboratory for RNA Biology, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sebastien M Weyn-Vanhentenryck
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Disease, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Nora Treiber
- Biochemistry Center Regensburg (BZR), Laboratory for RNA Biology, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Gunter Meister
- Biochemistry Center Regensburg (BZR), Laboratory for RNA Biology, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Pavel Sumazin
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Chaolin Zhang
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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21
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Uddin A, Chakraborty S. Role of miRNAs in lung cancer. J Cell Physiol 2018. [PMID: 29676470 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer (LC) is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths all over the world, among both men and women, with an incidence of over 200,000 new cases per year coupled with a very high mortality rate. LC comprises of two major clinicopathological categories: small-cell (SCLC) and nonsmall-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). The microRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs, usually 18-25 nucleotides long, which repress protein translation through binding to complementary target mRNAs. The miRNAs regulate many biological processes including cell cycle regulation, cellular growth, proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, metabolism, neuronal patterning, and aging. This review summarizes the role of miRNAs expression in LC. It also provides information about the miRNAs as biomarker and therapeutic target for lung cancer. Understanding the role of miRNAs in LC may provide insights into the diagnosis and treatment strategy for LC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arif Uddin
- Department of Zoology, Moinul Hoque Choudhury Memorial Science College, Algapur, Hailakandi, Assam, India
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Jiang S, Yan W, Wang SE, Baltimore D. Let-7 Suppresses B Cell Activation through Restricting the Availability of Necessary Nutrients. Cell Metab 2018; 27:393-403.e4. [PMID: 29337138 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2017.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The control of uptake and utilization of necessary extracellular nutrients-glucose and glutamine-is an important aspect of B cell activation. Let-7 is a family of microRNAs known to be involved in metabolic control. Here, we employed several engineered mouse models, including B cell-specific overexpression of Lin28a or the let-7a-1/let-7d/let-7f-1 cluster (let-7adf) and knockout of individual let-7 clusters to show that let-7adf specifically inhibits T cell-independent (TI) antigen-induced immunoglobulin (Ig)M antibody production. Both overexpression and deletion of let-7 in this cluster leads to altered TI-IgM production. Mechanistically, let-7adf suppresses the acquisition and utilization of key nutrients, including glucose and glutamine, through directly targeting hexokinase 2 (Hk2) and by repressing a glutamine transporter Slc1a5 and a key degradation enzyme, glutaminase (Gls), a mechanism mediated by regulation of c-Myc. Our results suggest a novel role of let-7adf as a "metabolic brake" on B cell antibody production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Jiang
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Wei Yan
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Shizhen Emily Wang
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - David Baltimore
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.
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Wang Z, Lin S, Zhang J, Xu Z, Xiang Y, Yao H, Ge L, Xie D, Kung HF, Lu G, Poon WS, Liu Q, Lin MCM. Loss of MYC and E-box3 binding contributes to defective MYC-mediated transcriptional suppression of human MC-let-7a-1~let-7d in glioblastoma. Oncotarget 2018; 7:56266-56278. [PMID: 27409345 PMCID: PMC5302913 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously, we reported that MYC oncoprotein down-regulates the transcription of human MC-let-7a-1~let-7d microRNA cluster in hepatocarcinoma (HCC). Surprisingly, in silico analysis indicated that let-7 miRNA expression levels are not reduced in glioblastoma (GBM). Here we investigated the molecular basis of this differential expression. Using human GBM U87 and U251 cells, we first demonstrated that forced over-expression of MYC indeed could not down-regulate the expression of human MC-let-7a-1~let-7d microRNA cluster in GBM. Furthermore, analysis of MC-let-7a-1~let-7d promoter in GBM indicated that MYC failed to inhibit the promoter activity. Pearson's correlation and Linear Regression analysis using the expression data from GSE55092 (HCC) and GSE4290 (GBM) demonstrated a converse relationship of MC-let-7a-1~let-7d and MYC only in HCC but not in GBM. To understand the underlying mechanisms, we examined whether MYC could bind to the non-canonical E-box 3 located in the promoter of MC-let-7a-1~let-7d. Results from both chromatin immune-precipitation (ChIP) and super-shift assays clearly demonstrated the loss of MYC and E-box 3 binding in GBM, suggesting for the first time that a defective MYC and E-box3 binding in GBM is responsible for the differential MYC mediated transcriptional inhibition of MC-let-7a-1~let-7d and potentially other tumor suppressors. MYC and let-7 are key oncoprotein and tumor suppressor, respectively. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of their regulations will provide new insight and have important implications in the therapeutics of GBM as well as other cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zifeng Wang
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Sheng Lin
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Shenzhen Research Institute of Population and Family Planning, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ji Zhang
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Zhenhua Xu
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Yu Xiang
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Hong Yao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biotherapy, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, China
| | - Lei Ge
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Tumor Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, China
| | - Dan Xie
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Hsiang-Fu Kung
- School of Biomedical Science, and State Key Laboratory in Oncology in South China, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Gang Lu
- Brain Tumor Centre and Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wai Sang Poon
- Brain Tumor Centre and Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Quentin Liu
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Marie Chia-Mi Lin
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine of Tumor, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
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24
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Ayyar K, Reddy KVR. Transcription factor CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-β upregulates microRNA, let-7f-1 in human endocervical cells. Am J Reprod Immunol 2017; 78. [PMID: 28921745 DOI: 10.1111/aji.12759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM In endocervical epithelial cells (End1/E6E7), miRNA let-7f plays an important role in the control of innate immunity. The underlying molecular mechanism for let-7f regulation in these cells remains largely unclear. METHODS OF STUDY let-7f was knocked down in End1/E6E7 cells using siRNA, and differential gene expression was analyzed by microarray. Differentially expressed genes were validated by qPCR and Western blot. Expression of let-7f was studied by qPCR after inhibition of C/EBPβ with betulinic acid (BA) and pCMVβ plasmid and after overexpression of C/EBPβ with pCMVβ+ plasmid. ChIP assay was performed to confirm binding of C/EBPβ to let-7f promoter. Levels of Lin28A/B were checked by qPCR after similar treatment. RESULTS let-7f knockdown (KD) affects the expression of many transcription factors (eg, C/EBPβ) which are important regulators of immune responses. We observed let-7f-1 promoter to contain 6 C/EBPβ binding sites. KD of C/EBPβ led to decreased let-7f expression while overexpression of C/EBPβ increased its expression. Treatment of End1/E6E7 cells with TLR-3 ligand, poly(I:C) increased binding of C/EBPβ at binding sites 3, 5, and 6. Expression of Lin28A/B also changed upon inhibition and overexpression of C/EBPβ. Its expression is opposite to that of let-7f in End1/E6E7 cells. CONCLUSION let-7f-1 is a direct target of transcription factor, C/EBPβ in End1/E6E7 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanchana Ayyar
- Division of Molecular Immunology and Microbiology (MIM), National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health (NIRRH), Mumbai, India
| | - Kudumula Venkata Rami Reddy
- Division of Molecular Immunology and Microbiology (MIM), National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health (NIRRH), Mumbai, India
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Abstract
The discovery of the microRNAs, lin-4 and let-7 as critical mediators of normal development in Caenorhabditis elegans and their conservation throughout evolution has spearheaded research toward identifying novel roles of microRNAs in other cellular processes. To accurately elucidate these fundamental functions, especially in the context of an intact organism, various microRNA transgenic models have been generated and evaluated. Transgenic C. elegans (worms), Drosophila melanogaster (flies), Danio rerio (zebrafish), and Mus musculus (mouse) have contributed immensely toward uncovering the roles of multiple microRNAs in cellular processes such as proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis, pathways that are severely altered in human diseases such as cancer. The simple model organisms, C. elegans, D. melanogaster, and D. rerio, do not develop cancers but have proved to be convenient systesm in microRNA research, especially in characterizing the microRNA biogenesis machinery which is often dysregulated during human tumorigenesis. The microRNA-dependent events delineated via these simple in vivo systems have been further verified in vitro, and in more complex models of cancers, such as M. musculus. The focus of this review is to provide an overview of the important contributions made in the microRNA field using model organisms. The simple model systems provided the basis for the importance of microRNAs in normal cellular physiology, while the more complex animal systems provided evidence for the role of microRNAs dysregulation in cancers. Highlights include an overview of the various strategies used to generate transgenic organisms and a review of the use of transgenic mice for evaluating preclinical efficacy of microRNA-based cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpita S Pal
- PULSe Graduate Program, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Andrea L Kasinski
- Purdue Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States.
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Different levels of let-7d expression modulate response of FaDu cells to irradiation and chemotherapeutics. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180265. [PMID: 28665983 PMCID: PMC5493379 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The implication of the let-7 family in cancer development is multifaceted. The family acts as tumor suppressor miRNA although overexpression of let-7 has also been described in many types of cancer, including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). The aim of this study includes whether different expression levels of let-7d has an influence on chemo- and radiosensitivity. FaDu cell line models with a gradually increased level of let-7d (models from A to E) were generated with the lentiviral system. Expression levels of pluripotency, chemo-radioresistance/apoptosis, and targets of mRNAs were analyzed by real-time reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR). Radiosensitivity was analyzed using a clonogenic assay after irradiation. Response to cisplatin, 5-FU, doxorubicin, and paclitaxel was done with MTT assay. Statistically significant decrease of K-RAS (p = 0.0369) and CASPASE3 (p = 0.0342) were observed with the growing expression level of let-7d. Cisplatin, 5-FU and doxorubicin caused similar decreased of cell survival with the increase of let-7d level (p = 0.004, post-trend p = 0.046; p = 0.004, post trend p = 0.0005 and p<0.0001, post trend p = 0.0001, respectively). All models were resistant to paclitaxel, irrespective of let-7d expression levels. Only two of the generated models (A and C) were radiosensitive (p = 0.0002). Conclusion: the above results indicated that the level of let-7d expression is an important factor for cell response to irradiation and chemotherapeutics.
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27
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Schober A, Weber C. Mechanisms of MicroRNAs in Atherosclerosis. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PATHOLOGY-MECHANISMS OF DISEASE 2016; 11:583-616. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pathol-012615-044135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Schober
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Munich 80336, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich 80336, Germany;
| | - Christian Weber
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Munich 80336, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich 80336, Germany;
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Wang Z, Xie J, Yan M, Wang J, Wang X, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Li P, Lei X, Huang Q, Lin S, Guo X, Liu Q. Downregulation of ATOH8 induced by EBV-encoded LMP1 contributes to the malignant phenotype of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Oncotarget 2016; 7:26765-79. [PMID: 27049918 PMCID: PMC5042013 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanism for the malignant phenotype of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) remains poorly understood. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) consistently appears in nearly all malignant NPC patient samples, suggesting the strong etiological link between the malignant phenotype and EBV infection. Here we found that the EBV-encoded latent membrane protein (LMP1) enhanced cell growth, motility, invasion and xenograft tumor growth of NPC. RNA-seq profiling analysis of LMP1-positive NPC patient tissues indicated that widespread gene repression contributed to malignant phenotype of NPC. The transcription factor binding site (TFBS) enrichment analysis indicated a subset of transcription factors including ATOH8, a novel transcript factor which belongs to the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) gene family inversely enriched in promoters of up-regulated genes and down-regulated genes. Importantly, the expression of ATOH8 was suppressed in both immortalized normal nasopharyngeal epithelial cells (NPEC) and NPC cells with LMP1 overexpression. The Real-Time PCR and Western Blot assays indicated that ATOH8 decreased expression in NPC cell lines and patient samples. Moreover, by gain- or loss-of-function assays, we demonstrated that ATOH8 inhibition promoted malignant phenotype, whereas ATOH8 restoration reversed malignant phenotype of NPC. Finally, we demonstrated that LMP1 inhibited ATOH8 expression by epigenetically impairing the occupancy of activating H3K4me3 and enhancing the occupancy of repressive H3K27me3 on ATOH8 promoter. Collectively, our study uncovered the occurrence of malignant phenotype of NPC induced by EBV infection and characterized a novel bHLH transcription factor ATOH8 as a new downstream target of LMP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zifeng Wang
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jiajun Xie
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Min Yan
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xi Wang
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jialiang Zhang
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Yale Stem Cell Center, Department of Genetics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Pengfei Li
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xinxing Lei
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Qitao Huang
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Suxia Lin
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiang Guo
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Quentin Liu
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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29
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Lin Y, Zhao J, Hu X, Wang L, Liang L, Chen W. Transcription factor CCAAT/enhancer binding protein alpha up-regulates microRNA let-7a-1 in lung cancer cells by direct binding. Cancer Cell Int 2016; 16:17. [PMID: 26962302 PMCID: PMC4784402 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-016-0294-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The transcription factor CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α (C/EBPα) and microRNA (miRNA) let-7a-1 act as tumor suppressors in many types of cancers including lung cancer. In the present study, we aim to investigate whether let-7a-1 is a novel important target of C/EBPα in lung cancer cells. METHODS The DNA sequence of the 2.1 kb let-7a-1 promoter was analyzed with MatInspector 4.1 (http://www.genomatix.de). Human lung cancer cell lines A549 and H1299, and human cervical cancer cell line Hela were used for transfection. Total RNA was extracted from cells using Trizol reagent and pri-let-7a-1 mRNA expression was measured using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Western blotting was performed to detect C/EBPα protein expression. To test whether C/EBP-α could up-regulate the expression level of let-7a at transcription level, dual-luciferase reporter gene assay was carried out. To determine whether C/EBPα could bind let-7a-1 promoter, electrophoretic mobility shift assay was employed. To further confirm the direct targeting let-7a-1 promoter by C/EBPα, chromatin immunoprecipitation was used. RESULTS Both C/EBPα and let-7a-1 were down-regulated in lung cancer A549 and H1299 cells, but up-regulated in Hela cells. Transfection and reporter gene assay showed that C/EBPα increased the expression of let-7a-1 at transcription level. Bioinformatics assay identified four putative C/EBP elements within let-7a-1 promoter. Dual-luciferase reporter gene, electrophoretic mobility shift assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated that these four elements mediated the up-regulation effect of C/EBPα on let-7a-1. CONCLUSIONS The present study reveals that decreased C/EBPα contributes to the down-regulation of miRNA let-7a-1 in lung cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yani Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012 People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, No. 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, 250012 Shandong People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Hu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012 People's Republic of China
| | - Lina Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012 People's Republic of China
| | - Liming Liang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012 People's Republic of China
| | - Weiwen Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012 People's Republic of China
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Jin K, Su KK, Li T, Zhu XQ, Wang Q, Ge RS, Pan ZF, Wu BW, Ge LJ, Zhang YH, Wang YF, Shen GF, Zhu DY, Xiang CS, Li LJ, Lou YJ. Hepatic Premalignant Alterations Triggered by Human Nephrotoxin Aristolochic Acid I in Canines. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2016; 9:324-34. [PMID: 26851235 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-15-0339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Aristolochic acid I (AAI) existing in plant drugs from Aristolochia species is an environmental human carcinogen associated with urothelial cancer. Although gene association network analysis demonstrated gene expression profile changes in the liver of human TP53 knock-in mice after acute AAI exposure, to date, whether AAI causes hepatic tumorigenesis is still not confirmed. Here, we show that hepatic premalignant alterations appeared in canines after a 10-day AAI oral administration (3 mg/kg/day). We observed c-Myc oncoprotein and oncofetal RNA-binding protein Lin28B overexpressions accompanied by cancer progenitor-like cell formation in the liver by AAI exposure. Meanwhile, we found that forkhead box O1 (FOXO1) was robustly phosphorylated, thereby shuttling into the cytoplasm of hepatocytes. Furthermore, utilizing microarray and qRT-PCR analysis, we confirmed that microRNA expression significantly dysregulated in the liver treated with AAI. Among them, we particularly focused on the members in let-7 miRNAs and miR-23a clusters, the downstream of c-Myc and IL6 receptor (IL6R) signaling pathway linking the premalignant alteration. Strikingly, when IL6 was added in vitro, IL6R/NF-κB signaling activation contributed to the increase of FOXO1 phosphorylation by the let-7b inhibitor. Therefore, it highlights the new insight into the interplay of the network in hepatic tumorigenesis by AAI exposure, and also suggests that anti-premalignant therapy may be crucial for preventing AAI-induced hepatocarcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Jin
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Kun-kai Su
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, PR China. Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The 1st Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Tong Li
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Xia-qing Zhu
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Qi Wang
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Ren-shan Ge
- The Population Council at the Rockefeller University, New York, USA. Institute of Reproductive Biomedicine, the 2nd Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, PR China
| | - Zong-fu Pan
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Bo-wen Wu
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Li-jun Ge
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Yi-han Zhang
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Yi-fan Wang
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Guo-fang Shen
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Dan-yan Zhu
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Chun-sheng Xiang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, PR China. Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The 1st Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Lan-juan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, PR China. Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The 1st Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China.
| | - Yi-jia Lou
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China.
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Wang H, Zhao Q, Deng K, Guo X, Xia J. Lin28: an emerging important oncogene connecting several aspects of cancer. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:2841-8. [PMID: 26762415 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4759-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA-binding protein Lin28 was originally found as a heterochronic gene which played a significant role in the development of Caenorhabditis elegans. The tumor suppressor let-7 is a downstream target of Lin28, which has a wide variety of target genes which are involved in many aspects of cellular activities. By inhibition of let-7 and directly binding the target RNAs, Lin28 plays an important role in different biological and pathological processes including differentiation, metabolism, proliferation, pluripotency, and tumorigenesis. Overexpression of Lin28 has been reported in several kinds of cancers and is correlated with poor outcomes. It has been shown that Lin28 could affect the progression of cancers in several ways, such as promoting proliferation, increasing glucose metabolism, and inducing epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cancer stem cells. Decrease of Lin28 expression or reactivation of let-7 in cancer cells could induce a reverse effect, indicating their therapeutic values in developing novel strategies for cancer treatment. Here, we will overview the regulatory mechanisms and functions of Lin28 in cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- Department of General Surgery and Translational Medicine Center, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Wuxi Second Hospital, Wuxi, 214002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qin Zhao
- Department of General Surgery and Translational Medicine Center, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Wuxi Second Hospital, Wuxi, 214002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kaiyuan Deng
- Department of General Surgery and Translational Medicine Center, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Wuxi Second Hospital, Wuxi, 214002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Guo
- Department of General Surgery and Translational Medicine Center, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Wuxi Second Hospital, Wuxi, 214002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiazeng Xia
- Department of General Surgery and Translational Medicine Center, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Wuxi Second Hospital, Wuxi, 214002, Jiangsu, China.
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32
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miRNA let-7 expression is regulated by glucose and TNF-α by a remote upstream promoter. Biochem J 2015; 472:147-56. [DOI: 10.1042/bj20150224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the putative promoter region of miRNA let-7a-1/f-1/d cluster, determined promoter activity and identified a novel promoter area for these three let-7 family members expressed. We provide evidence that let-7 expression is regulated by insulin and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α.
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Jolly MK, Huang B, Lu M, Mani SA, Levine H, Ben-Jacob E. Towards elucidating the connection between epithelial-mesenchymal transitions and stemness. J R Soc Interface 2015; 11:20140962. [PMID: 25339690 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2014.0962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial cells undergoing epithelial-to-mesenchymal transitions have often been shown to behave as cancer stem cells, but the precise molecular connection remains elusive. At the genetic level, stemness is governed by LIN28/let-7 double inhibition switch, whereas EMT/MET is controlled by miR-200/ZEB double inhibition circuit and LIN28 is inhibited by miR-200, coupling the two modules. Here, using a specially devised theoretical framework to investigate the dynamics of the LIN28/let-7 system, we show that it can operate as a three-way switch (between low, high and intermediate LIN28 levels termed the D, U and hybrid D/U states) similar to the three-way operation of the miR-200/ZEB circuit that allows for the existence of a hybrid epithelial/mesenchymal (E/M) phenotype. We find significant correspondence between the existence of the three states of the two circuits: E-D, M-U and E/M-D/U. Incorporating the activation of OCT4 by LIN28, we find that the hybrid E/M phenotype has high likelihood (when compared with either the E or M states) to gain stemness. Combining the LIN28/let-7 regulation by NF-κB and c-MYC, we find that NF-κB, but not c-MYC, elevates the likelihood of E/M phenotype to gain stemness. Our results are consistent with emerging concept that partial EMT can lead to stemness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohit Kumar Jolly
- Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005-1827, USA Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005-1827, USA
| | - Bin Huang
- Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005-1827, USA Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005-1827, USA
| | - Mingyang Lu
- Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005-1827, USA
| | - Sendurai A Mani
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA Metastasis Research Center, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Herbert Levine
- Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005-1827, USA Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005-1827, USA Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005-1827, USA
| | - Eshel Ben-Jacob
- Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005-1827, USA Department of Biosciences, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005-1827, USA School of Physics and Astronomy and The Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel
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Wang L, Yue Y, Wang X, Jin H. Function and clinical potential of microRNAs in hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2015; 10:3345-3353. [PMID: 26788134 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.3759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs involved in the initiation and progression of several types of human cancer, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which is one of the most common types of cancer and the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Mounting evidence has demonstrated that miRNAs play a vital role in HCC, hepatitis, alcoholic liver disease, liver cell development and the metabolic functions of the liver. The aim of the present review was to summarize the most recent findings on the functions of miRNAs in the liver and discuss their potential roles in the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Wang
- Department of Hematology, Hematology Laboratory, Linyi People's Hospital, Shandong University, Linyi, Shandong 276003, P.R. China
| | - Yongfang Yue
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institute of Clinical Science, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical School of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, P.R. China
| | - Xian Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institute of Clinical Science, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical School of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, P.R. China
| | - Hongchuan Jin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institute of Clinical Science, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical School of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, P.R. China
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Lee H, Han S, Kwon CS, Lee D. Biogenesis and regulation of the let-7 miRNAs and their functional implications. Protein Cell 2015; 7:100-13. [PMID: 26399619 PMCID: PMC4742387 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-015-0212-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The let-7 miRNA was one of the first miRNAs discovered in the nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans, and its biological functions show a high level of evolutionary conservation from the nematode to the human. Unlike in C. elegans, higher animals have multiple isoforms of let-7 miRNAs; these isoforms share a consensus sequence called the ‘seed sequence’ and these isoforms are categorized into let-7 miRNA family. The expression of let-7 family is required for developmental timing and tumor suppressor function, but must be suppressed for the self-renewal of stem cells. Therefore, let-7 miRNA biogenesis must be carefully controlled. To generate a let-7 miRNA, a primary transcript is produced by RNA polymerase II and then subsequently processed by Drosha/DGCR8, TUTase, and Dicer. Because dysregulation of let-7 processing is deleterious, biogenesis of let-7 is tightly regulated by cellular factors, such as the RNA binding proteins, LIN28A/B and DIS3L2. In this review, we discuss the biological functions and biogenesis of let-7 miRNAs, focusing on the molecular mechanisms of regulation of let-7 biogenesis in vertebrates, such as the mouse and the human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hosuk Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 305-701, Korea
| | - Sungwook Han
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 305-701, Korea
| | - Chang Seob Kwon
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Korea Science Academy of KAIST, Busan, 614-822, Korea
| | - Daeyoup Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 305-701, Korea.
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Kawano M, Tanaka K, Itonaga I, Iwasaki T, Tsumura H. c-Myc Represses Tumor-Suppressive microRNAs, let-7a, miR-16 and miR-29b, and Induces Cyclin D2-Mediated Cell Proliferation in Ewing's Sarcoma Cell Line. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0138560. [PMID: 26393798 PMCID: PMC4578885 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Myc oncogenic transcription factor is known to inhibit tumor suppressive microRNAs (miRNAs), resulting in greater expression of their target protein related to cell cycle, invasion or anti-apoptotic factors in human cancer cells. To explore possible oncogenic factors in Ewing’s sarcoma (ES), we conducted microarray-based approach to profile the changes in the expression of miRNAs and its downstream mRNAs in five ES cell lines and human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). Three miRNAs, let-7a, miR-16 and miR-29b were significantly down-regulated, whereas c-Myc and cyclin D2 (CCND2) were significantly up-regulated in all tested ES cells compared with hMSCs. To verify that let-7a, miR-16 and miR-29b were the targets of c-Myc in ES cell lines, we transfected siRNA against c-Myc and confirmed the coordinate up-regulation of let-7a, miR-16 and miR-29b through the repression of c-Myc. The ES cells transfected with c-Myc-siRNA and let-7a, miR-16 and miR-29b exhibited the inhibition of the cell cycle progression. The increased expression of let-7a, miR-16 and miR-29b resulted in the reduction of CCND2 protein expression. We also demonstrated that c-Myc-siRNA treatment of ES cells was associated with the decreased expression of CCND2 as a down-stream of three miRNAs. Furthermore, the introduction of let-7a, miR-16 and miR-29b in ES cells could inhibit the c-Myc-mediated up-regulation of CCND2 resulted in the prevention of cell cycle progression. In addition, the transfection of let-7a, miR-16 and miR-29b in ES cells suppressed tumor growth ex vivo treatment. These findings suggests that the up-regulation of c-Myc inhibited the expression of let-7a, miR-16 and miR-29b subsequently induced CCND2 expression in ES cells. The present study might identify a novel oncogenic axis that c-Myc regulates the expression of CCND2 via let-7a, miR-16 and miR-29b, leading to the development new therapeutic targets for ES.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Kawano
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Tanaka
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, Japan
| | - Ichiro Itonaga
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Iwasaki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tsumura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, Japan
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Jin K, Park S, Teo WW, Korangath P, Cho SS, Yoshida T, Győrffy B, Goswami CP, Nakshatri H, Cruz LA, Zhou W, Ji H, Su Y, Ekram M, Wu Z, Zhu T, Polyak K, Sukumar S. HOXB7 Is an ERα Cofactor in the Activation of HER2 and Multiple ER Target Genes Leading to Endocrine Resistance. Cancer Discov 2015; 5:944-59. [PMID: 26180042 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-15-0090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Why breast cancers become resistant to tamoxifen despite continued expression of the estrogen receptor-α (ERα) and what factors are responsible for high HER2 expression in these tumors remains an enigma. HOXB7 chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis followed by validation showed that HOXB7 physically interacts with ERα, and that the HOXB7-ERα complex enhances transcription of many ERα target genes, including HER2. Investigating strategies for controlling HOXB7, our studies revealed that MYC, stabilized via phosphorylation mediated by EGFR-HER2 signaling, inhibits transcription of miR-196a, a HOXB7 repressor. This leads to increased expression of HOXB7, ER target genes, and HER2. Repressing MYC using small-molecule inhibitors reverses these events and causes regression of breast cancer xenografts. The MYC-HOXB7-HER2 signaling pathway is eminently targetable in endocrine-resistant breast cancer. SIGNIFICANCE HOXB7 acts as an ERα cofactor regulating a myriad of ER target genes, including HER2, in tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer. HOXB7 expression is controlled by MYC via transcriptional regulation of the HOXB7 repressor miR-196a; consequently, antagonists of MYC cause reversal of selective ER modulator resistance both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kideok Jin
- Breast Cancer Program, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Sunju Park
- Breast Cancer Program, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Wei Wen Teo
- Breast Cancer Program, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Preethi Korangath
- Breast Cancer Program, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Sean Soonweng Cho
- Breast Cancer Program, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Takahiro Yoshida
- Breast Cancer Program, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Balázs Győrffy
- MTA TTK Lendület Cancer Biomarker Research Group and 2nd Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Chirayu Pankaj Goswami
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana
| | - Harikrishna Nakshatri
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana
| | - Leigh-Ann Cruz
- Breast Cancer Program, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Weiqiang Zhou
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Hongkai Ji
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ying Su
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Zhengsheng Wu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Zhu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Saraswati Sukumar
- Breast Cancer Program, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
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38
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Beckers A, Van Peer G, Carter DR, Gartlgruber M, Herrmann C, Agarwal S, Helsmoortel HH, Althoff K, Molenaar JJ, Cheung BB, Schulte JH, Benoit Y, Shohet JM, Westermann F, Marshall GM, Vandesompele J, De Preter K, Speleman F. MYCN-driven regulatory mechanisms controlling LIN28B in neuroblastoma. Cancer Lett 2015; 366:123-32. [PMID: 26123663 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Revised: 05/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
LIN28B has been identified as an oncogene in various tumor entities, including neuroblastoma, a childhood cancer that originates from neural crest-derived cells, and is characterized by amplification of the MYCN oncogene. Recently, elevated LIN28B expression levels were shown to contribute to neuroblastoma tumorigenesis via let-7 dependent de-repression of MYCN. However, additional insight in the regulation of LIN28B in neuroblastoma is lacking. Therefore, we have performed a comprehensive analysis of the regulation of LIN28B in neuroblastoma, with a specific focus on the contribution of miRNAs. We show that MYCN regulates LIN28B expression in neuroblastoma tumors via two distinct parallel mechanisms. First, through an unbiased LIN28B-3'UTR reporter screen, we found that miR-26a-5p and miR-26b-5p regulate LIN28B expression. Next, we demonstrated that MYCN indirectly affects the expression of miR-26a-5p, and hence regulates LIN28B, therefore establishing an MYCN-miR-26a-5p-LIN28B regulatory axis. Second, we provide evidence that MYCN regulates LIN28B expression via interaction with the LIN28B promoter, establishing a direct MYCN-LIN28B regulatory axis. We believe that these findings mark LIN28B as an important effector of the MYCN oncogenic phenotype and underline the importance of MYCN-regulated miRNAs in establishing the MYCN-driven oncogenic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anneleen Beckers
- Center for Medical Genetics (CMGG), Ghent University, Medical Research Building (MRB1), De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Gert Van Peer
- Center for Medical Genetics (CMGG), Ghent University, Medical Research Building (MRB1), De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Daniel R Carter
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, PO Box 81, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia
| | - Moritz Gartlgruber
- Division of Neuroblastoma Genomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Carl Herrmann
- Division of Theoretical Bioinformatics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg 69120, Germany; Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, and Bioquant Center, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 267, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Saurabh Agarwal
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology and Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, 1102 Bates Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Hetty H Helsmoortel
- Center for Medical Genetics (CMGG), Ghent University, Medical Research Building (MRB1), De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kristina Althoff
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Children's Hospital Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147 Essen, Germany; German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Partner Site Essen/Duesseldorf, Essen, Germany
| | - Jan J Molenaar
- Department of Oncogenomics, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Belamy B Cheung
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, PO Box 81, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia
| | - Johannes H Schulte
- Division of Neuroblastoma Genomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg 69120, Germany; Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Children's Hospital Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147 Essen, Germany; German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Partner Site Essen/Duesseldorf, Essen, Germany; Translational Neuro-Oncology, West German Cancer Center (WTZ), University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147 Essen, Germany; Centre for Medical Biotechnology, University Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Yves Benoit
- Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jason M Shohet
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology and Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, 1102 Bates Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Frank Westermann
- Division of Neuroblastoma Genomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Glenn M Marshall
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, PO Box 81, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia
| | - Jo Vandesompele
- Center for Medical Genetics (CMGG), Ghent University, Medical Research Building (MRB1), De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Katleen De Preter
- Center for Medical Genetics (CMGG), Ghent University, Medical Research Building (MRB1), De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Frank Speleman
- Center for Medical Genetics (CMGG), Ghent University, Medical Research Building (MRB1), De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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Lyra-González I, Flores-Fong LE, González-García I, Medina-Preciado D, Armendáriz-Borunda J. MicroRNAs dysregulation in hepatocellular carcinoma: Insights in genomic medicine. World J Hepatol 2015; 7:1530-1540. [PMID: 26085912 PMCID: PMC4462691 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v7.i11.1530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Revised: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the leading primary liver cancer and its clinical outcome is still poor. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have demonstrated an interesting potential to regulate gene expression at post-transcriptional level. Current findings suggest that miRNAs deregulation in cancer is caused by genetic and/or epigenetic, transcriptional and post-transcriptional modifications resulting in abnormal expression and hallmarks of malignant transformation: aberrant cell growth, cell death, differentiation, angiogenesis, invasion and metástasis. The important role of miRNAs in the development and progression of HCC has increased the efforts to understand and develop mechanisms of control overt this single-stranded RNAs. Several studies have analyzed tumoral response to the regulation and control of deregulated miRNAs with good results in vitro and in vivo, proving that targeting aberrant expression of miRNAs is a powerful anticancer therapeutic. Identification of up and/or down regulated miRNAs related to HCC has led to the discovery of new potential application for detection of their presence in the affected organism. MiRNAs represent a relevant new target for diagnosis, prognosis and treatment in a wide variety of pathologic entities, including HCC. This manuscript intends to summarize current knowledge regarding miRNAs and their role in HCC development.
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40
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Verdelli C, Forno I, Vaira V, Corbetta S. Epigenetic alterations in human parathyroid tumors. Endocrine 2015; 49:324-32. [PMID: 25722013 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-015-0555-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetics alterations are involved in tumorigenesis and have been identified in endocrine neoplasia. In particular, DNA methylation, microRNAs deregulations and histone methylation impairment are detected in tumors of the parathyroid glands. Parathyroid tumors are the second most common endocrine neoplasia following thyroid cancer in women, and it is associated with primary hyperparathyroidism, a disease sustained by PTH hypersecretion. Despite the hallmark of global promoter hypomethylations was not detectable in parathyroid tumors, increase of hypermethylation in specific CpG islands was detected in the progression from benign to malignant parathyroid tumors. Furthermore, deregulation of a panel of embryonic-related microRNAs (miRNAs) was documented in parathyroid tumors compared with normal glands. Impaired expression of the histone methyltransferases EZH2, BMI1, and RIZ1 have been described in parathyroid tumors. Moreover, histone methyltransferases have been shown to be modulated by the oncosuppressors HIC1, MEN1, and HRPT2/CDC73 gene products that characterize tumorigenesis of parathyroid adenomas and carcinomas, respectively. The epigenetic scenario in parathyroid tumors have just began to be decoded but emerging data highlight the involvement of an embryonic gene signature in parathyroid tumor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Verdelli
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, MI, Italy
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41
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Chiu SC, Chung HY, Cho DY, Chan TM, Liu MC, Huang HM, Li TY, Lin JY, Chou PC, Fu RH, Yang WK, Harn HJ, Lin SZ. Therapeutic potential of microRNA let-7: tumor suppression or impeding normal stemness. Cell Transplant 2015; 23:459-69. [PMID: 24816444 DOI: 10.3727/096368914x678418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The first microRNA, let-7, and its family were discovered in Caenorhabditis elegans and are functionally conserved from worms to humans in the regulation of embryonic development and stemness. The let-7 family has been shown to have an essential role in stem cell differentiation and tumor-suppressive activity. Deregulating expression of let-7 is commonly reported in many human cancers. Emerging evidence has accumulated and suggests that reestablishment of let-7 in tumor cells is a valuable therapeutic strategy. However, findings reach beyond tumor therapeutics and may impinge on stemness and differentiation of stem cells. In this review, we discuss the role of let-7 in development and differentiation of normal adult stem/progenitor cells and offer a viewpoint of the association between deregulated let-7 expression and tumorigenesis. The regulation of let-7 expression, cancer-relevant let-7 targets, and the application of let-7 are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Chih Chiu
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third most common cause of cancer death worldwide. Hepatocarcinogenesis is a complex, multistep process. It is now recognized that HCC is a both genetic and epigenetic disease; genetic and epigenetic components cooperate at all stages of hepatocarcinogenesis. Epigenetic changes involve aberrant DNA methylation, posttranslational histone modifications and aberrant expression of microRNAs all of which can affect the expression of oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes and other tumor-related genes and alter the pathways in cancer development. Several risk factors for HCC, including hepatitis B and C virus infections and exposure to the chemical carcinogen aflatoxin B1 have been found to influence epigenetic changes. Their interactions could play an important role in the initiation and progression of HCC. Discovery and detection of biomarkers for epigenetic changes is a promising area for early diagnosis and risk prediction of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujing Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health and Cancer Center of Columbia University, Room 1608, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA,
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43
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Morishita A, Masaki T. miRNA in hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatol Res 2015; 45:128-41. [PMID: 25040738 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.12386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Revised: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Despite improvements in HCC therapy, the prognosis for HCC patients remains poor due to a high incidence of recurrence. An improved understanding of the pathogenesis of HCC development would facilitate the development of more effective outcomes for the diagnosis and treatment of HCC at earlier stages. miRNA are small, endogenous, non-coding, ssRNA that are 21-30 nucleotides in length and modulate the expression of various target genes at the post-transcriptional and translational levels. Aberrant expression of miRNA is common in various human malignancies and modulates cancer-associated genomic regions or fragile sites. As for the relationship between miRNA and HCC, several studies have demonstrated that the aberrant expression of specific miRNA can be detected in HCC cells and tissues. However, little is known about the mechanisms of miRNA-related cell proliferation and development. In this review, we summarize the central and potential roles of miRNA in the pathogenesis of HCC and elucidate new possibilities that may be useful as diagnostic and prognostic markers, as well as novel therapeutic targets in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asahiro Morishita
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Kagawa University School of Medicine, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Masaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Kagawa University School of Medicine, Kagawa, Japan
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44
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The mystery of let-7d - a small RNA with great power. Contemp Oncol (Pozn) 2014; 18:293-301. [PMID: 25477749 PMCID: PMC4248056 DOI: 10.5114/wo.2014.44467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Revised: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
miRNAs belong to a class of small non-coding RNAs which can modulate gene expression. Disturbances in their expression and function may cause cancer formation, progression and cell response to various types of stress. The let-7 family is one of the most studied groups of miRNAs. The family contains 13 members with similar sequences and a wide spectrum of target genes. In this paper, we mostly focus on one member of the family – let-7d. This miRNA is dysregulated in many types of cancers. It can be over- or down-expressed, and it acts as a tumor suppressor or oncogene. It regulates various genes such as LIN28, C-MYC, K-RAS, HMGA2 and IMP-1. Moreover, let-7d has a significant impact on epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and formation of cancer initiating cells which are resistant to irradiation and chemical exposure and responsible for cancer metastasis. Let-7d can serve as a prognostic and predictive marker for personalization of the treatment. Let-7d is a small RNA with great power, but in different cell genetic backgrounds it acts in different ways, which makes this molecule still mysterious.
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45
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Epstein-Barr virus EBNA1 protein regulates viral latency through effects on let-7 microRNA and dicer. J Virol 2014; 88:11166-77. [PMID: 25031339 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01785-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED The EBNA1 protein of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) plays multiple roles in EBV latent infection, including altering cellular pathways relevant for cancer. Here we used microRNA (miRNA) cloning coupled with high-throughput sequencing to identify the effects of EBNA1 on cellular miRNAs in two nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell lines. EBNA1 affected a small percentage of cellular miRNAs in both cell lines, in particular, upregulating multiple let-7 family miRNAs, including let-7a. The effects of EBNA1 on let-7a were verified by demonstrating that EBNA1 silencing in multiple EBV-positive carcinomas downregulated let-7a. Accordingly, the let-7a target, Dicer, was found to be partially downregulated by EBNA1 expression (at the mRNA and protein levels) and upregulated by EBNA1 silencing in EBV-positive cells. Reporter assays based on the Dicer 3' untranslated region with and without let-7a target sites indicated that the effects of EBNA1 on Dicer were mediated by let-7a. EBNA1 was also found to induce the expression of let-7a primary RNAs in a manner dependent on the EBNA1 transcriptional activation region, suggesting that EBNA1 induces let-7a by transactivating the expression of its primary transcripts. Consistent with previous reports that Dicer promotes EBV reactivation, we found that a let-7a mimic inhibited EBV reactivation to the lytic cycle, while a let-7 sponge increased reactivation. The results provide a mechanism by which EBNA1 could promote EBV latency by inducing let-7 miRNAs. IMPORTANCE The EBNA1 protein of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) contributes in multiple ways to the latent mode of EBV infection that leads to lifelong infection. In this study, we identify a mechanism by which EBNA1 helps to maintain EBV infection in a latent state. This involves induction of a family of microRNAs (let-7 miRNAs) that in turn decreases the level of the cellular protein Dicer. We demonstrate that let-7 miRNAs inhibit the reactivation of latent EBV, providing an explanation for our previous observation that EBNA1 promotes latency. In addition, since decreased levels of Dicer have been associated with metastatic potential, EBNA1 may increase metastases by downregulating Dicer.
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Liu JM, Long XH, Zhang GM, Zhou Y, Chen XY, Huang SH, Liu ZL, Zhang ZH. Let-7g reverses malignant phenotype of osteosarcoma cells by targeting Aurora-B. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2014; 7:4596-4606. [PMID: 25197332 PMCID: PMC4152022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating studies revealed that the expression levels of several miRNAs are up or down-regulated in osteosarcoma (OS). The aim of this study was to investigate the functional significance and molecular of the let-7g in OS cells. The expression levels of let-7g was significantly down-regulated in OS cell lines U2-OS and HOS cell compared to osteoblast cell lines HOB cell. Moreover, bioinformatic prediction suggested that Aurora-B, which is overexpressed and functions as an oncogene in OS cells, is a putative target gene of let-7g. Using mRNA and protein expression analysis and luciferase assays, we further identified let-7g directly regulated Aurora-B expression in OS cells. Functional investigation revealed both restoration of let-7g and silencing Aurora-B induce cell apoptosis and suppressed cell viability, migratory and invasive ability in OS cells. Finally, we found that silencing Aurora-B in OS cells could partly dampen anti-let-7g mediated tumor promotion. Thus, our findings suggested that let-7g inhibits OS cell malignant phenotype at least partly through targeting Aurora-B. Targeting of let-7g and Aurora-B may be a novel therapeutic strategy for treating OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Ming Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityJiangxi, China
| | - Xin Hua Long
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityJiangxi, China
| | - Guo Mei Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityJiangxi, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityJiangxi, China
| | - Xuan Yin Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityJiangxi, China
| | - Shan Hu Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityJiangxi, China
| | - Zhi Li Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityJiangxi, China
| | - Zhi Hong Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityJiangxi, China
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Hann SR. MYC cofactors: molecular switches controlling diverse biological outcomes. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2014; 4:a014399. [PMID: 24939054 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a014399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The transcription factor MYC has fundamental roles in proliferation, apoptosis, tumorigenesis, and stem cell pluripotency. Over the last 30 years extensive information has been gathered on the numerous cofactors that interact with MYC and the target genes that are regulated by MYC as a means of understanding the molecular mechanisms controlling its diverse roles. Despite significant advances and perhaps because the amount of information learned about MYC is overwhelming, there has been little consensus on the molecular functions of MYC that mediate its critical biological roles. In this perspective, the major MYC cofactors that regulate the various transcriptional activities of MYC, including canonical and noncanonical transactivation and transcriptional repression, will be reviewed and a model of how these transcriptional mechanisms control MYC-mediated proliferation, apoptosis, and tumorigenesis will be presented. The basis of the model is that a variety of cofactors form dynamic MYC transcriptional complexes that can switch the molecular and biological functions of MYC to yield a diverse range of outcomes in a cell-type- and context-dependent fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen R Hann
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-2175
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Turato C, Simonato D, Quarta S, Gatta A, Pontisso P. MicroRNAs and SerpinB3 in hepatocellular carcinoma. Life Sci 2014; 100:9-17. [PMID: 24496037 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2014.01.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Revised: 12/30/2013] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
miRNAs are small non-coding RNAs which target complementary mRNA sequences, usually resulting in gene silencing. They can exhibit oncogenic or tumor suppressor properties, modulating cell homeostasis. Several data have documented that miRNAs are typically deregulated in different types of cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Some of the miRNAs such as miR-122, miR-221, miR-1 and miR-21 have been found to repress post-transcriptionally the expression of genes involved in cell cycle regulation, cell proliferation, apoptosis, cell migration and invasion. In HCC serum levels of miR-122, miR-221 and miR-16 have been described deregulated, suggesting that they may be used as molecular targets for early detection, prognosis and treatment. The ov-serpin SerpinB3 was found previously increased in liver tumor cancers and associated with apoptosis resistance, increased cell proliferation and invasiveness. Recent data indicate that this serpin may enhance its oncogenic potential through inhibition of several tumor suppressive miRNAs, typically described in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Turato
- Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Via Giustiniani, 2, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Davide Simonato
- Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Via Giustiniani, 2, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Santina Quarta
- Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Via Giustiniani, 2, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Angelo Gatta
- Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Via Giustiniani, 2, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Patrizia Pontisso
- Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Via Giustiniani, 2, 35128 Padua, Italy.
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Khare S, Zhang Q, Ibdah JA. Epigenetics of hepatocellular carcinoma: Role of microRNA. World J Gastroenterol 2013; 19:5439-5445. [PMID: 24023486 PMCID: PMC3761096 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v19.i33.5439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Revised: 07/03/2013] [Accepted: 07/19/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) represents a major form of primary liver cancer in adults. MicroRNAs (miRs), small non-coding single-stranded RNAs of 19-24 nucleotides in length, negatively regulate the expression of many target genes at the post-transcriptional and/or translational levels and play a critical role in the initiation and progression of HCC. In this review we have summarized the information of aberrantly expressed miRs in HCC, their mechanism of action and relationship to cancer. The recent advances in HCC research reveal that miRs regulate expression of various oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, thereby contributing to the modulation of diverse biological processes including proliferation, apoptosis, epithelial to mesenchymal transition and metastasis. From a clinical viewpoint, polymorphisms within miR-binding sites are associated with the risk of HCC. Polymorphisms in miR related genes have been shown to correlate with survival or treatment outcome in patients. Furthermore, the review focuses on the potential role of miRs as novel biomarkers and their translational applications for diagnosis and therapy in HCC. With further insights into miR deregulation in HCC, it is expected that novel miR-based therapeutics will arise. Also, we orient the readers to other reviews that may provide better understanding of miR research in HCC.
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Zhang Z, Xiang D, Heriyanto F, Gao Y, Qian Z, Wu WS. Dissecting the roles of miR-302/367 cluster in cellular reprogramming using TALE-based repressor and TALEN. Stem Cell Reports 2013; 1:218-25. [PMID: 24319658 PMCID: PMC3849252 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2013.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2013] [Revised: 07/11/2013] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs are important gene regulators involved in many biological processes, including stemness maintenance and cellular reprogramming. Current methods used in loss-of-function studies of microRNAs mainly include locked nucleic acid (LNA) oligonucleotides and miRZip inhibitors, which have several limitations. Due to their unique gene structures and small sizes, there is no efficient or simple strategy to knock down or knock out microRNAs or whole microRNA clusters. Here, we demonstrate knockdown of the miR-302/367 cluster by using the Kruppel-associated box repressor domain fused with specific transcription activator-like effectors (TALEs) designed to bind the miR-302/367 cluster promoter. We also designed two pairs of TALE nucleases (TALENs) to efficiently delete the miR-302/367 cluster in primary human fibroblasts and determined that knockout of the miR-302/367 cluster completely blocked induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) generation. Together, our results demonstrate that TALE-based transcriptional repressor and TALENs are two promising approaches for loss-of-function studies of microRNA clusters in somatic cells and pluripotent stem cells. TALE-KRAB repressor is an efficient approach to knock down microRNA clusters A vector was constructed for assembly of TALE-KRAB using the Golden Gate TALLEN2.0 TALENs efficiently knock out the miR-302/367 cluster in primary human fibroblasts Knockout of the miR-302/367 cluster blocks iPSC generation in HFFs
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghui Zhang
- Jordan Family Center for Blood and Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapies, Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA 94609, USA ; Berkeley Stem Cell Center, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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