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Sha Z, Freda PJ, Bhandary P, Ghosh A, Matsumoto N, Moore JH, Hu T. Distinct Network Patterns Emerge from Cartesian and XOR Epistasis Models: A Comparative Network Science Analysis. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-4392123. [PMID: 38826481 PMCID: PMC11142370 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4392123/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Background Epistasis, the phenomenon where the effect of one gene (or variant) is masked or modified by one or more other genes, can significantly contribute to the observed phenotypic variance of complex traits. To date, it has been generally assumed that genetic interactions can be detected using a Cartesian, or multiplicative, interaction model commonly utilized in standard regression approaches. However, a recent study investigating epistasis in obesity-related traits in rats and mice has identified potential limitations of the Cartesian model, revealing that it only detects some of the genetic interactions occurring in these systems. By applying an alternative approach, the exclusive-or (XOR) model, the researchers detected a greater number of epistatic interactions and identified more biologically relevant ontological terms associated with the interacting loci. This suggests that the XOR model may provide a more comprehensive understanding of epistasis in these species and phenotypes. To further explore these findings and determine if different interaction models also make up distinct epistatic networks, we leverage network science to provide a more comprehensive view into the genetic interactions underlying BMI in this system. Results Our comparative analysis of networks derived from Cartesian and XOR interaction models in rats (Rattus norvegicus) uncovers distinct topological characteristics for each model-derived network. Notably, we discover that networks based on the XOR model exhibit an enhanced sensitivity to epistatic interactions. This sensitivity enables the identification of network communities, revealing novel trait-related biological functions through enrichment analysis. Furthermore, we identify triangle network motifs in the XOR epistatic network, suggestive of higher-order epistasis, based on the topology of lower-order epistasis. Conclusions These findings highlight the XOR model's ability to uncover meaningful biological associations as well as higher-order epistasis from lower-order epistatic networks. Additionally, our results demonstrate that network approaches not only enhance epistasis detection capabilities but also provide more nuanced understandings of genetic architectures underlying complex traits. The identification of community structures and motifs within these distinct networks, especially in XOR, points to the potential for network science to aid in the discovery of novel genetic pathways and regulatory networks. Such insights are important for advancing our understanding of phenotype-genotype relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhendong Sha
- School of Computing, Queen’s University, 557 Goodwin Hall, 21-25 Union St, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 2N8, Canada
| | - Philip J. Freda
- Department of Computational Biomedicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 700 N. San Vicente Blvd., Pacific Design Center, Suite G540, West Hollywood, CA, 90069, U.S.A
| | - Priyanka Bhandary
- Department of Computational Biomedicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 700 N. San Vicente Blvd., Pacific Design Center, Suite G540, West Hollywood, CA, 90069, U.S.A
| | - Attri Ghosh
- Department of Computational Biomedicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 700 N. San Vicente Blvd., Pacific Design Center, Suite G540, West Hollywood, CA, 90069, U.S.A
| | - Nicholas Matsumoto
- Department of Computational Biomedicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 700 N. San Vicente Blvd., Pacific Design Center, Suite G540, West Hollywood, CA, 90069, U.S.A
| | - Jason H. Moore
- Department of Computational Biomedicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 700 N. San Vicente Blvd., Pacific Design Center, Suite G540, West Hollywood, CA, 90069, U.S.A
| | - Ting Hu
- School of Computing, Queen’s University, 557 Goodwin Hall, 21-25 Union St, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 2N8, Canada
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Gao J, Shi X, Sun Y, Liu X, Zhang F, Shi C, Yu X, Yan Z, Liu L, Yu S, Zhang J, Zhang X, Zhang S, Guo W. Deficiency of betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase activates glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) by decreasing arginine methylation of G6PD in hepatocellular carcinogenesis. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2024:10.1007/s11427-023-2481-3. [PMID: 38679670 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-023-2481-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase (BHMT) regulates protein methylation and is correlated with tumorigenesis; however, the effects and regulation of BHMT in hepatocarcinogenesis remain largely unexplored. Here, we determined the clinical significance of BHMT in the occurrence and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) using tissue samples from 198 patients. BHMT was to be frequently found (86.6%) expressed at relatively low levels in HCC tissues and was positively correlated with the overall survival of patients with HCC. Bhmt overexpression effectively suppressed several malignant phenotypes in hepatoma cells in vitro and in vivo, whereas complete knockout of Bhmt (Bhmt-/-) produced the opposite effect. We combined proteomics, metabolomics, and molecular biological strategies and detected that Bhmt-/- promoted hepatocarcinogenesis and tumor progression by enhancing the activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) and PPP metabolism in DEN-induced HCC mouse and subcutaneous tumor-bearing models. In contrast, restoration of Bhmt with an AAV8-Bhmt injection or pharmacological inhibition of G6PD attenuated hepatocarcinogenesis. Additionally, coimmunoprecipitation identified monomethylated modifications of the G6PD, and BHMT regulated the methylation of G6PD. Protein sequence analysis, generation and application of specific antibodies, and site-directed mutagenesis indicated G6PD methylation at the arginine residue 246. Furthermore, we established bidirectionally regulated BHMT cellular models combined with methylation-deficient G6PD mutants to demonstrate that BHMT potentiated arginine methylation of G6PD, thereby inhibiting G6PD activity, which in turn suppressed hepatocarcinogenesis. Taken together, this study reveals a new methylation-regulatory mechanism in hepatocarcinogenesis owing to BHMT deficiency, suggesting a potential therapeutic strategy for HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Gao
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
- Henan Diagnosis & Treatment League for Hepatopathy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
- Henan Innovative Research Group for Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
- Henan Organ Transplantation Quality Control Centre, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
- Henan Engineering Technology Research Center for Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Xiaoyi Shi
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
- Henan Diagnosis & Treatment League for Hepatopathy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
- Henan Innovative Research Group for Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
- Henan Organ Transplantation Quality Control Centre, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
- Henan Engineering Technology Research Center for Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Yaohui Sun
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
- Henan Diagnosis & Treatment League for Hepatopathy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
- Henan Innovative Research Group for Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
- Henan Organ Transplantation Quality Control Centre, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
- Henan Engineering Technology Research Center for Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Xudong Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
- Henan Diagnosis & Treatment League for Hepatopathy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
- Henan Innovative Research Group for Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
- Henan Organ Transplantation Quality Control Centre, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
- Henan Engineering Technology Research Center for Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
- Henan Diagnosis & Treatment League for Hepatopathy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
- Henan Innovative Research Group for Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
- Henan Organ Transplantation Quality Control Centre, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
- Henan Engineering Technology Research Center for Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Chengcheng Shi
- Henan Engineering Technology Research Center for Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Xiao Yu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
- Henan Diagnosis & Treatment League for Hepatopathy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
- Henan Innovative Research Group for Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
- Henan Organ Transplantation Quality Control Centre, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
- Henan Engineering Technology Research Center for Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Zhiping Yan
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
- Henan Diagnosis & Treatment League for Hepatopathy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
- Henan Innovative Research Group for Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
- Henan Organ Transplantation Quality Control Centre, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
- Henan Engineering Technology Research Center for Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Long Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
- Henan Diagnosis & Treatment League for Hepatopathy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
- Henan Innovative Research Group for Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
- Henan Organ Transplantation Quality Control Centre, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
- Henan Engineering Technology Research Center for Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Shizhe Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
- Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Jiacheng Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
- Henan Diagnosis & Treatment League for Hepatopathy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
- Henan Innovative Research Group for Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
- Henan Organ Transplantation Quality Control Centre, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
- Henan Engineering Technology Research Center for Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Xiaodan Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
- Henan Diagnosis & Treatment League for Hepatopathy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
- Henan Innovative Research Group for Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
- Henan Organ Transplantation Quality Control Centre, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
- Henan Engineering Technology Research Center for Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Shuijun Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
- Henan Diagnosis & Treatment League for Hepatopathy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
- Henan Innovative Research Group for Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
- Henan Organ Transplantation Quality Control Centre, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
- Henan Engineering Technology Research Center for Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
| | - Wenzhi Guo
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
- Henan Diagnosis & Treatment League for Hepatopathy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
- Henan Innovative Research Group for Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
- Henan Organ Transplantation Quality Control Centre, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
- Henan Engineering Technology Research Center for Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
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Bhatt M, Di Iacovo A, Romanazzi T, Roseti C, Bossi E. Betaine-The dark knight of the brain. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2023; 133:485-495. [PMID: 36735640 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The role of betaine in the liver and kidney has been well documented, even from the cellular and molecular point of view. Despite literature reporting positive effects of betaine supplementation in Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and schizophrenia, the role and function of betaine in the brain are little studied and reviewed. Beneficial effects of betaine in neurodegeneration, excitatory and inhibitory imbalance and against oxidative stress in the central nervous system (CNS) have been collected and analysed to understand the main role of betaine in the brain. There are many 'dark' aspects needed to complete the picture. The understanding of how this osmolyte is transported across neuron and glial cells is also controversial, as the expression levels and functioning of the known protein capable to transport betaine expressed in the brain, betaine-GABA transporter 1 (BGT-1), is itself not well clarified. The reported actions of betaine beyond BGT-1 related to neuronal degeneration and memory impairment are the focus of this work. With this review, we underline the scarcity of detailed molecular and cellular information about betaine action. Consequently, the requirement of detailed focus on and study of the interaction of this molecule with CNS components to sustain the therapeutic use of betaine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manan Bhatt
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
- School of Experimental and Translational Medicine, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Angela Di Iacovo
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
- School of Experimental and Translational Medicine, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Tiziana Romanazzi
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
- School of Experimental and Translational Medicine, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Cristina Roseti
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
- Centre for Neuroscience, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Elena Bossi
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
- Centre for Neuroscience, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
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4
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Harada S, Taketomi Y, Aiba T, Kawaguchi M, Hirabayashi T, Uranbileg B, Kurano M, Yatomi Y, Murakami M. The Lysophospholipase PNPLA7 Controls Hepatic Choline and Methionine Metabolism. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13030471. [PMID: 36979406 PMCID: PMC10046082 DOI: 10.3390/biom13030471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The in vivo roles of lysophospholipase, which cleaves a fatty acyl ester of lysophospholipid, remained unclear. Recently, we have unraveled a previously unrecognized physiological role of the lysophospholipase PNPLA7, a member of the Ca2+-independent phospholipase A2 (iPLA2) family, as a key regulator of the production of glycerophosphocholine (GPC), a precursor of endogenous choline, whose methyl groups are preferentially fluxed into the methionine cycle in the liver. PNPLA7 deficiency in mice markedly decreases hepatic GPC, choline, and several metabolites related to choline/methionine metabolism, leading to various symptoms reminiscent of methionine shortage. Overall metabolic alterations in the liver of Pnpla7-null mice in vivo largely recapitulate those in methionine-deprived hepatocytes in vitro. Reduction of the methyl donor S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) after methionine deprivation decreases the methylation of the PNPLA7 gene promoter, relieves PNPLA7 expression, and thereby increases GPC and choline levels, likely as a compensatory adaptation. In line with the view that SAM prevents the development of liver cancer, the expression of PNPLA7, as well as several enzymes in the choline/methionine metabolism, is reduced in human hepatocellular carcinoma. These findings uncover an unexplored role of a lysophospholipase in hepatic phospholipid catabolism coupled with choline/methionine metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayaka Harada
- Laboratory of Microenvironmental and Metabolic Health Sciences, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Taketomi
- Laboratory of Microenvironmental and Metabolic Health Sciences, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Toshiki Aiba
- Department of Radiation Effects Research, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Mai Kawaguchi
- Laboratory of Microenvironmental and Metabolic Health Sciences, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
- Laboratory of Biomembrane, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Hirabayashi
- Laboratory of Biomembrane, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Baasanjav Uranbileg
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Makoto Kurano
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Yutaka Yatomi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Makoto Murakami
- Laboratory of Microenvironmental and Metabolic Health Sciences, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-3-5841-1431
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Hirabayashi T, Kawaguchi M, Harada S, Mouri M, Takamiya R, Miki Y, Sato H, Taketomi Y, Yokoyama K, Kobayashi T, Tokuoka SM, Kita Y, Yoda E, Hara S, Mikami K, Nishito Y, Kikuchi N, Nakata R, Kaneko M, Kiyonari H, Kasahara K, Aiba T, Ikeda K, Soga T, Kurano M, Yatomi Y, Murakami M. Hepatic phosphatidylcholine catabolism driven by PNPLA7 and PNPLA8 supplies endogenous choline to replenish the methionine cycle with methyl groups. Cell Rep 2023; 42:111940. [PMID: 36719796 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Choline supplies methyl groups for regeneration of methionine and the methyl donor S-adenosylmethionine in the liver. Here, we report that the catabolism of membrane phosphatidylcholine (PC) into water-soluble glycerophosphocholine (GPC) by the phospholipase/lysophospholipase PNPLA8-PNPLA7 axis enables endogenous choline stored in hepatic PC to be utilized in methyl metabolism. PNPLA7-deficient mice show marked decreases in hepatic GPC, choline, and several metabolites related to the methionine cycle, accompanied by various signs of methionine insufficiency, including growth retardation, hypoglycemia, hypolipidemia, increased energy consumption, reduced adiposity, increased fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), and an altered histone/DNA methylation landscape. Moreover, PNPLA8-deficient mice recapitulate most of these phenotypes. In contrast to wild-type mice fed a methionine/choline-deficient diet, both knockout strains display decreased hepatic triglyceride, likely via reductions of lipogenesis and GPC-derived glycerol flux. Collectively, our findings highlight the biological importance of phospholipid catabolism driven by PNPLA8/PNPLA7 in methyl group flux and triglyceride synthesis in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Hirabayashi
- Laboratory of Biomembrane, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan; Lipid Metabolism Project, Department of Advanced Science for Biomolecules, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan.
| | - Mai Kawaguchi
- Laboratory of Biomembrane, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan; Laboratory of Microenvironmental Metabolic Health Sciences, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Sayaka Harada
- Laboratory of Microenvironmental Metabolic Health Sciences, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Misa Mouri
- Lipid Metabolism Project, Department of Advanced Science for Biomolecules, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan; Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ochanomizu University, Tokyo 112-8610, Japan
| | - Rina Takamiya
- Laboratory of Microenvironmental Metabolic Health Sciences, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Miki
- Lipid Metabolism Project, Department of Advanced Science for Biomolecules, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan; Laboratory of Microenvironmental Metabolic Health Sciences, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Sato
- Lipid Metabolism Project, Department of Advanced Science for Biomolecules, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan; Laboratory of Microenvironmental Metabolic Health Sciences, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Taketomi
- Lipid Metabolism Project, Department of Advanced Science for Biomolecules, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan; Laboratory of Microenvironmental Metabolic Health Sciences, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Kohei Yokoyama
- Laboratory of Biomembrane, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan; Lipid Metabolism Project, Department of Advanced Science for Biomolecules, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Tetsuyuki Kobayashi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ochanomizu University, Tokyo 112-8610, Japan
| | - Suzumi M Tokuoka
- Department of Lipidomics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kita
- Department of Lipidomics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Life Sciences Core Facility, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Emiko Yoda
- Division of Health Chemistry, Department of Healthcare and Regulatory Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Showa University, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Shuntaro Hara
- Division of Health Chemistry, Department of Healthcare and Regulatory Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Showa University, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Kyohei Mikami
- Center for Basic Technology Research, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Yasumasa Nishito
- Center for Basic Technology Research, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Norihito Kikuchi
- Laboratory of Biomembrane, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Rieko Nakata
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nara Women's University, Nara, 630-8506, Japan
| | - Mari Kaneko
- Laboratory for Animal Resources and Genetic Engineering, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kiyonari
- Laboratory for Animal Resources and Genetic Engineering, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Kohji Kasahara
- Laboratory of Biomembrane, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Toshiki Aiba
- Laboratory of Microenvironmental Metabolic Health Sciences, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan; Department of Radiation Effects Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Ikeda
- Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
| | - Tomoyoshi Soga
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-0052, Japan
| | - Makoto Kurano
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Yutaka Yatomi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Makoto Murakami
- Lipid Metabolism Project, Department of Advanced Science for Biomolecules, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan; Laboratory of Microenvironmental Metabolic Health Sciences, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan; AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan.
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Warrier M, Paules EM, Silva-Gomez J, Friday WB, Bramlett F, Kim H, Zhang K, Trujillo-Gonzalez I. Homocysteine-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress activates FGF21 and is associated with browning and atrophy of white adipose tissue in Bhmt knockout mice. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13216. [PMID: 36755585 PMCID: PMC9900266 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase (BHMT) catalyzes the transfer of methyl groups from betaine to homocysteine (Hcy), producing methionine and dimethylglycine. In this work, we characterize Bhmt wild type (Bhmt-WT) and knockout (Bhmt-KO) mice that were fully backcrossed to a C57Bl6/J background. Consistent with our previous findings, Bhmt-KO mice had decreased body weight, fat mass, and adipose tissue weight compared to WT. Histological analyses and gene expression profiling indicate that adipose browning was activated in KO mice and contributed to the adipose atrophy observed. BHMT is not expressed in adipose tissue but is abundant in liver; thus, a signal must originate from the liver that modulates adipose tissue. We found that, in Bhmt-KO mice, homocysteine-induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is associated with activation of the hepatic transcription factor cyclic AMP response element binding protein (CREBH), and an increase in hepatic and plasma concentrations of fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), which is known to induce adipose browning. Our data indicate that the deletion of a single gene in one-carbon metabolism modifies adipose biology and energy metabolism. Future studies could focus on identifying if functional polymorphisms in BHMT result in a similar adipose atrophy phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manya Warrier
- Department of Nutrition, UNC Nutrition Research Institute, UNC-Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC, USA
| | - Evan M Paules
- Department of Nutrition, UNC Nutrition Research Institute, UNC-Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC, USA.,Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27514, USA
| | - Jorge Silva-Gomez
- Department of Nutrition, UNC Nutrition Research Institute, UNC-Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC, USA
| | - Walter B Friday
- Department of Nutrition, UNC Nutrition Research Institute, UNC-Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC, USA
| | - Frances Bramlett
- Department of Nutrition, UNC Nutrition Research Institute, UNC-Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC, USA
| | - Hyunbae Kim
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Kezhong Zhang
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Isis Trujillo-Gonzalez
- Department of Nutrition, UNC Nutrition Research Institute, UNC-Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC, USA.,Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27514, USA
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7
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Wang Z, Ma J, Wu R, Kong Y, Sun C. Recent advances of long non-coding RNAs in control of hepatic gluconeogenesis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1167592. [PMID: 37065737 PMCID: PMC10102572 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1167592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Gluconeogenesis is the main process for endogenous glucose production during prolonged fasting, or certain pathological conditions, which occurs primarily in the liver. Hepatic gluconeogenesis is a biochemical process that is finely controlled by hormones such as insulin and glucagon, and it is of great importance for maintaining normal physiological blood glucose levels. Dysregulated gluconeogenesis induced by obesity is often associated with hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in various cellular events, from gene transcription to protein translation, stability, and function. In recent years, a growing number of evidences has shown that lncRNAs play a key role in hepatic gluconeogenesis and thereby, affect the pathogenesis of T2D. Here we summarized the recent progress in lncRNAs and hepatic gluconeogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Wang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neurogeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jinyu Ma
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neurogeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Runze Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, Changshu No.2 People’s Hospital, Changshu, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yinghong Kong
- Department of Endocrinology, Changshu No.2 People’s Hospital, Changshu, Jiangsu, China
- *Correspondence: Yinghong Kong, ; Cheng Sun,
| | - Cheng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neurogeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong, China
- *Correspondence: Yinghong Kong, ; Cheng Sun,
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8
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Tu H, Yin X, Wen J, Wu W, Zhai B, Li J, Jiang H. Glutaminase 1 blockade alleviates nonalcoholic steatohepatitis via promoting proline metabolism. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 634:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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9
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Yeroshkina K, Rossokha Z, Fishchuk L, Gorovenko N. Betaine consumption as a new clinical approach to treatment and prophylaxis of folate-related pathologies. Nutr Rev 2022; 81:716-726. [PMID: 36164833 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuac084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The most important pathway in the development of folate-related pathologies is an increase in the level of homocysteine (HC). HC, a cytotoxic and neurotoxic amino acid (when its level is ≥12 μmol/L), is 1 of the most widely studied compounds in cardiology, neurobiology, oncology, and embryology for the last 20 years. Given its toxicity, the processes of endogenous detoxification of HC are of particular interest to medicine. To date, the most studied pathway is that of remethylation (the conversion of HC to methionine), with the participation of B12- and B9-dependent methionine synthase. Less studied is remethylation with the participation of the choline derivatives betaine and betaine-HC-S-methyltransferase (BHMT). Therefore, the aim of this review was to conduct a theoretical analysis of available information regarding the contribution of betaine metabolism, its enzyme, and its genetic polymorphism to folate metabolism disturbances, and the development of folate-related pathologies. This review emphasizes the potential clinical significance of 2 factors that can influence the remethylation reaction of HC: the use of betaine and identifying the BHMT gene variants and their impact on the risk for developing certain folate-related pathologies, and treatment options. Moreover, with a high level of methylation of the BHMT gene and in the presence of its low-function variants (eg, rs3733890), it is necessary to use betaine as an additional methyl donor, especially during folate therapy. More clinical research is needed to identify the effects of the different BHMT gene variants on the individual risk for folate-related pathologies to better assess the clinical significance, the need for genetic testing, and betaine consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krystyna Yeroshkina
- State Institution "Reference-Centre for Molecular Diagnostic of Public Health Ministry of Ukraine," Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Zoia Rossokha
- State Institution "Reference-Centre for Molecular Diagnostic of Public Health Ministry of Ukraine," Kyiv, Ukraine.,State Institute of Genetic and Regenerative Medicine, National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Liliya Fishchuk
- State Institution "Reference-Centre for Molecular Diagnostic of Public Health Ministry of Ukraine," Kyiv, Ukraine.,State Institute of Genetic and Regenerative Medicine, National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Nataliia Gorovenko
- State Institute of Genetic and Regenerative Medicine, National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
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10
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Lovell CD, Anguera MC. Long Noncoding RNAs That Function in Nutrition: Lnc-ing Nutritional Cues to Metabolic Pathways. Annu Rev Nutr 2022; 42:251-274. [PMID: 35436418 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nutr-062220-030244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are sensitive to changing environments and play key roles in health and disease. Emerging evidence indicates that lncRNAs regulate gene expression to shape metabolic processes in response to changing nutritional cues. Here we review various lncRNAs sensitive to fasting, feeding, and high-fat diet in key metabolic tissues (liver, adipose, and muscle), highlighting regulatory mechanisms that trigger expression changes of lncRNAs themselves, and how these lncRNAs regulate gene expression of key metabolic genes in specific cell types or across tissues. Determining how lncRNAs respond to changes in nutrition is critical for our understanding of the complex downstream cascades following dietary changes and can shape how we treat metabolic disease. Furthermore, investigating sex biases that might influence lncRNA-regulated responses will likely reveal contributions toward the observed disparities between the sexes in metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia D Lovell
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA;
| | - Montserrat C Anguera
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA;
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11
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Wang H, Jiang F, Liu X, Liu Q, Fu Y, Li R, Hou L, Zhang J, He J, Kang L. Piwi/piRNAs control food intake by promoting neuropeptide F expression in locusts. EMBO Rep 2022; 23:e50851. [PMID: 34985794 PMCID: PMC8892266 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202050851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal feeding, which directly affects growth and metabolism, is an important physiological process. However, the contribution of PIWI proteins and PIWI‐interacting RNAs (piRNAs) to the regulatory mechanism of animal feeding is unknown. Here, we report a novel function of Piwi and piRNAs in regulating food intake in locusts. Our study shows that the locust can serve as a representative species for determining PIWI function in insects. Knockdown of Piwi1 expression suppresses anabolic processes and reduces food consumption and body weight. The reduction in food intake by knockdown of Piwi1 expression results from decreased expression of neuropeptide NPF1 in a piRNA‐dependent manner. Mechanistically, intronic piRNAs might enhance RNA splicing of NPF1 by preventing hairpin formation at the branch point sites. These results suggest a novel nuclear PIWI/piRNA‐mediated mechanism that controls food intake in the locust nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Wang
- Beijing Institutes of Life Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Feng Jiang
- Beijing Institutes of Life Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Xiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Qing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- Sino‐Danish College University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Yunyun Fu
- College of Life Science Hebei University Baoding China
| | - Ran Li
- Beijing Institutes of Life Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Li Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Beijing Institutes of Life Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Jing He
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Le Kang
- Beijing Institutes of Life Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- College of Life Science Hebei University Baoding China
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12
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Ma Y, Tan Z, Li Q, Fan W, Chen G, Bin Y, Zhou Y, Yi J, Luo X, Tan J, Si Z, Li J. Combined Analysis of Expression Profiles in a Mouse Model and Patients Identified BHMT2 as a New Regulator of Lipid Metabolism in Metabolic-Associated Fatty Liver Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:741710. [PMID: 34869329 PMCID: PMC8636031 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.741710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is associated with obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and other metabolic syndromes. Farnesoid X receptor (FXR, NR1H4) plays a prominent role in hepatic lipid metabolism. This study combined the expression of liver genes in FXR knockout (KO) mice and MAFLD patients to identify new pathogenic pathways for MAFLD based on genome-wide transcriptional profiling. In addition, the roles of new target genes in the MAFLD pathogenic pathway were also explored. Two groups of differentially expressed genes were obtained from FXR-KO mice and MAFLD patients by transcriptional analysis of liver tissue samples. The similarities and differences between the two groups of differentially expressed genes were analyzed to identify novel pathogenic pathways and target genes. After the integration analysis of differentially expressed genes, we identified 134 overlapping genes, many of which have been reported to play an important role in lipid metabolism. Our unique analysis method of comparing differential gene expression between FXR-KO mice and patients with MAFLD is useful to identify target genes and pathways that may be strongly implicated in the pathogenesis of MAFLD. The overlapping genes with high specificity were screened using the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Through comparison and analysis with the GEO database, we determined that BHMT2 and PKLR could be highly correlated with MAFLD. Clinical data analysis and RNA interference testing in vitro confirmed that BHMT2 may a new regulator of lipid metabolism in MAFLD pathogenesis. These results may provide new ideas for understanding the pathogenesis of MAFLD and thus provide new targets for the treatment of MAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqiang Ma
- Department of Liver Transplant, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Transplant Medical Research Center, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhi Tan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Liver Transplant, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Transplant Medical Research Center, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wenling Fan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, China
| | - Guangshun Chen
- Department of Liver Transplant, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Transplant Medical Research Center, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yangyang Bin
- Department of Liver Transplant, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Department of Liver Transplant, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Junfang Yi
- Department of Liver Transplant, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaohua Luo
- Department of Liver Transplant, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jieqiong Tan
- Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhongzhou Si
- Department of Liver Transplant, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Transplant Medical Research Center, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jiequn Li
- Department of Liver Transplant, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Transplant Medical Research Center, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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13
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Gong X, Du Y, Li X, Yang J, Zhang X, Wei Y, Zhao Y. Maternal Plasma Betaine in Middle Pregnancy Was Associated with Decreased Risk of GDM in Twin Pregnancy: A Cohort Study. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2021; 14:2495-2504. [PMID: 34113141 PMCID: PMC8184138 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s312334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Although previous studies have shown that choline-related metabolites in one carbon metabolism (OCM) were related to gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) risk in singleton pregnancy, their role in twin gestations remains unclear. We aimed to investigate the associations between choline, betaine, methionine, dimethylglycine (DMG), trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) and GDM risk among women with twin gestations. PATIENTS AND METHODS This hospital-based cohort study included 187 women with dichorionic twin gestations. Blood samples were collected during pregnancy at a median of 16.1 weeks of gestation (IQR: 13.9 -17.9). Concentrations of plasma metabolites were measured by HPLC-triple quadrupole MS. Log-binomial regression models were applied to estimate the associations between plasma metabolites and the risk of GDM. RESULTS A total of 57 (30.5%) GDM cases were diagnosed over the study follow-up. Eighty-seven percent of women conceived through ART. Plasma betaine had an inverse association with GDM risk, and the adjusted RR of GDM comparing the highest tertile with the lowest tertile was 0.41 (95% CI: 0.19-0.86, P trend=0.015). Women with a high betaine/choline ratio or a low DMG/betaine ratio were at decreased GDM risk (P trend=0.031 or 0.001, respectively). Plasma choline, methionine, DMG and TMAO were not associated with GDM risk. CONCLUSION Among women with dichorionic twin gestations, higher plasma level of betaine in the second trimester was associated with lower risk of GDM. This finding needs further confirmation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Gong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Center for Healthcare Quality Management in Obstetrics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yufeng Du
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaona Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Center for Healthcare Quality Management in Obstetrics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinyuan Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Center for Healthcare Quality Management in Obstetrics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuan Wei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Center for Healthcare Quality Management in Obstetrics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yangyu Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Center for Healthcare Quality Management in Obstetrics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Yangyu Zhao; Yuan Wei Email ;
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14
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Tan Y, Wang L, Gao J, Ma J, Yu H, Zhang Y, Wang T, Han L. Multiomics Integrative Analysis for Discovering the Potential Mechanism of Dioscin against Hyperuricemia Mice. J Proteome Res 2020; 20:645-660. [PMID: 33107303 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.0c00584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Hyperuricemia is a well-known key risk factor for gout and can cause a variety of metabolic diseases. Several studies have shown that dioscin could improve metabolic symptoms and reduce the uric acid level in blood. However, there is no comprehensive metabolomic study on the anti-hyperuricemia effects of dioscin. A total of 29 adult male Kunming mice were divided into three groups: Normal (blank), PO (potassium oxonate-administrated, 200 mg/kg/day), and Dioscin (potassium oxonate + dioscin, potassium oxonate 200 mg/kg/day, dioscin 50 mg/kg/day). All mice were treated for 42 days via oral gavage. This paper implemented an untargeted metabolomics study based on 1H NMR and LC-MS to discover the comprehensive mechanism of dioscin. Furthermore, a targeted lipidomics was fulfilled to further analyze the lipid metabolism disorder. Finally, the metabolic pathway mediated by dioscin was verified at the gene level by means of transcriptomics. The results show 53 different metabolites were closely related to the improvement of dioscin in PO-induced hyperuricemia, and 19 of them were lipids. These metabolites are mainly involved in the tricarboxylic acid cycle, lipid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and pyrimidine metabolism. According to the transcriptomics study, the levels of 89 genes were significantly changed in the PO group compared to the normal control. Among them, six gene levels were restored by the treatment of dioscin. The six changed genes (tx1b, Tsku, Tmem163, Psmc3ip, Tcap, Tbx15) are mainly involved in the cell cycle and energy metabolism. These metabolites and genes might provide useful information for further study of the therapeutic mechanism of dioscin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Liming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Jian Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Junhong Ma
- Tianjin Hospital of ITCWM Nankai Hospital, Tianjin 300100, China
| | - Haiyang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Lifeng Han
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China
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15
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Huang-Qi San improves glucose and lipid metabolism and exerts protective effects against hepatic steatosis in high fat diet-fed rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 126:109734. [PMID: 32114355 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous researches supported that non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) was an emerging problem associated with increased visceral adiposity (obesity), diabetes and related metabolic disorders. Huang-Qi San (HQS) is composed of three traditional Chinese medicines (Astragali Radix, Pueraria Radix and Cortex Mori Radicis) with a weight ratio of 1:2:1. HQS has been reported to be effective in improving glucose-lipid metabolism, but its underlying mechanism on NAFLD has not been fully understood. The purpose of the present study was to assess the protective effects of HQS on obesity-induced hepatic steatosis in rats fed with high fat diet (HFD). Our data revealed that administration of HQS (1.2 and 2.4 g/kg body weight) resulted in significant reduction in body weight (BW) and organs coefficients of visceral fat. The full-Body CT scan demonstrated that HQS reduced liver fat ratio, visceral and subcutaneous fat mass in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, HQS decreased plasma TC, TG, FFA and FABP4 levels, normalized glucose and insulin levels, and improved the glucose tolerance. Pathological examination showed that HQS alleviated hepatic steatosis and reduced the cell size of epididymal visceral adipose tissue. Hepatic lipid accumulation was also reduced by HQS treatment compared with HFD fed rats. RNA-Seq analysis combining with qPCR demonstrated that the mRNA expression of some important glucose and lipid metabolism-related genes including Acat2, Apoc4, Bhmt, Cyp3a62, Cyp51, Egln3 (Phd3), Fads1, Fads2, Gnmt, Hmgcs1 and Pemt, were significantly changed by HQS treatment. Taken together, these results suggested that HQS had beneficial effects on glucose-lipid metabolism and hepatic steatosis, and its mechanism might be related to the functions of the genes in regulating glucose and lipid metabolism.
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16
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Shen X, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Yao Y, Zheng Y, Cui X, Liu C, Wang Q, Li JZ. Long non-coding RNA Bhmt-AS attenuates hepatic gluconeogenesis via modulation of Bhmt expression. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 516:215-221. [PMID: 31208716 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulation of gluconeogenesis contributes to the pathogenesis of metabolic disease, such as type-2 diabetes. The role of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the pathogenesis of diabetes has recently received increased attention. In the present study, we identified a novel lncRNA, betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase-antisense (Bhmt-AS), and examined its expression patterns under pathophysiological conditions. Our results revealed that the expression of Bhmt-AS was significantly increased in the livers of fasted and db/db mice and was induced by gluconeogenic hormonal stimuli. The Bhmt-AS was also shown to be a concordant regulator of Bhmt expression. Functionally, depletion of Bhmt-AS suppressed hepatic glucose production both in vivo and in vitro. Adenovirus-mediated hepatic knockdown of Bhmt-AS improved pyruvate tolerance, glucose tolerance, and insulin sensitivity. Furthermore, overexpression of Bhmt restored the decreased glucose production caused by knockdown of Bhmt-AS in primary hepatocytes. Taken together, we uncovered a novel antisense lncRNA (Bhmt-AS) that is co-expressed with Bhmt and concordantly and specifically regulates Bhmt expression both in vitro and in vivo to regulate hepatic gluconeogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Shen
- The Key Laboratory of Rare Metabolic Disease, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China; The Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China
| | - Yajun Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Rare Metabolic Disease, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China; The Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Rare Metabolic Disease, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China; The Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China
| | - Yiwei Yao
- The Key Laboratory of Rare Metabolic Disease, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China; The Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China
| | - Yujie Zheng
- The Key Laboratory of Rare Metabolic Disease, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China; The Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China
| | - Xianwei Cui
- Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, China; Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210004, China
| | - Chang Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, PR China
| | - Qian Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Rare Metabolic Disease, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China; The Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China.
| | - John Zhong Li
- The Key Laboratory of Rare Metabolic Disease, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China; The Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China.
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17
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Ahmad NA, Raizman M, Weizmann N, Wasek B, Arning E, Bottiglieri T, Tirosh O, Troen AM. Betaine attenuates pathology by stimulating lipid oxidation in liver and regulating phospholipid metabolism in brain of methionine‐choline–deficient rats. FASEB J 2019; 33:9334-9349. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.201802683r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nur Abu Ahmad
- The Institute of Biochemistry Food and Nutrition Science The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture Food and Environment The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Rehovot Israel
| | - Merav Raizman
- The Institute of Biochemistry Food and Nutrition Science The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture Food and Environment The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Rehovot Israel
| | - Nathalie Weizmann
- The Institute of Biochemistry Food and Nutrition Science The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture Food and Environment The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Rehovot Israel
| | - Brandi Wasek
- Institute of Metabolic Disease Baylor Scott and White Research Institute Dallas Texas USA
| | - Erland Arning
- Institute of Metabolic Disease Baylor Scott and White Research Institute Dallas Texas USA
| | - Teodoro Bottiglieri
- Institute of Metabolic Disease Baylor Scott and White Research Institute Dallas Texas USA
| | - Oren Tirosh
- The Institute of Biochemistry Food and Nutrition Science The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture Food and Environment The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Rehovot Israel
| | - Aron M. Troen
- The Institute of Biochemistry Food and Nutrition Science The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture Food and Environment The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Rehovot Israel
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Hamid Z, Summa M, Armirotti A. A Swath Label-Free Proteomics insight into the Faah -/- Mouse Liver. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12142. [PMID: 30108271 PMCID: PMC6092373 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30553-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) is an important enzyme for lipid metabolism and an interesting pharmacological target, given its role in anandamide breakdown. The FAAH−/− genotype is the most widely used mouse model to investigate the effects of a complete pharmacological inhibition of this enzyme. In this paper, we explore, by means of label-free SWATH proteomics, the changes in protein expression occurring in the liver of FAAH−/− knockout (KO) mice. We identified several altered biological processes and pathways, like fatty acid synthesis and glycolysis, which explain the observed phenotype of this mouse. We also observed the alteration of other proteins, like carboxylesterases and S-methyltransferases, apparently not immediately related to FAAH, but known to have important biological roles. Our study, reporting more than 3000 quantified proteins, offers an in-depth analysis of the liver proteome of this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeeshan Hamid
- D3Validation, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, 16163, Genova, Italy.,Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna. via Piazza Martiri della Libertà, 33, 56127, Pisa, Italy
| | - Maria Summa
- Analytical Chemistry and In-vivo Facility, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, 16163, Genova, Italy
| | - Andrea Armirotti
- Analytical Chemistry and In-vivo Facility, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, 16163, Genova, Italy.
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Jack-Roberts C, Joselit Y, Nanobashvili K, Bretter R, Malysheva OV, Caudill MA, Saxena A, Axen K, Gomaa A, Jiang X. Choline Supplementation Normalizes Fetal Adiposity and Reduces Lipogenic Gene Expression in a Mouse Model of Maternal Obesity. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9080899. [PMID: 28820499 PMCID: PMC5579692 DOI: 10.3390/nu9080899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal obesity increases fetal adiposity which may adversely affect metabolic health of the offspring. Choline regulates lipid metabolism and thus may influence adiposity. This study investigates the effect of maternal choline supplementation on fetal adiposity in a mouse model of maternal obesity. C57BL/6J mice were fed either a high-fat (HF) diet or a control (NF) diet and received either 25 mM choline supplemented (CS) or control untreated (CO) drinking water for 6 weeks before timed-mating and throughout gestation. At embryonic day 17.5, HF feeding led to higher (p < 0.05) percent total body fat in fetuses from the HFCO group, while the choline supplemented HFCS group did not show significant difference versus the NFCO group. Similarly, HF feeding led to higher (p < 0.05) hepatic triglyceride accumulation in the HFCO but not the HFCS fetuses. mRNA levels of lipogenic genes such as Acc1, Fads1, and Elovl5, as well as the transcription factor Srebp1c that favors lipogenesis were downregulated (p < 0.05) by maternal choline supplementation in the HFCS group, which may serve as a mechanism to reduce fat accumulation in the fetal liver during maternal HF feeding. In summary, maternal choline supplementation improves indices of fetal adiposity in obese dams at late gestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chauntelle Jack-Roberts
- Department of Health and Nutrition Sciences, Brooklyn College of the City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY 11210, USA.
| | - Yaelle Joselit
- Department of Health and Nutrition Sciences, Brooklyn College of the City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY 11210, USA.
| | - Khatia Nanobashvili
- Department of Health and Nutrition Sciences, Brooklyn College of the City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY 11210, USA.
| | - Rachel Bretter
- Department of Health and Nutrition Sciences, Brooklyn College of the City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY 11210, USA.
| | - Olga V Malysheva
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
| | - Marie A Caudill
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
| | - Anjana Saxena
- Department of Biology, Brooklyn College of the City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY 11210, USA.
| | - Kathleen Axen
- Department of Health and Nutrition Sciences, Brooklyn College of the City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY 11210, USA.
| | - Ahmed Gomaa
- Department of Health and Nutrition Sciences, Brooklyn College of the City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY 11210, USA.
| | - Xinyin Jiang
- Department of Health and Nutrition Sciences, Brooklyn College of the City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY 11210, USA.
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20
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Poloni S, Spritzer PM, Mendes RH, D'Almeida V, Castro K, Sperb-Ludwig F, Kugele J, Tucci S, Blom HJ, Schwartz IVD. Leptin concentrations and SCD-1 indices in classical homocystinuria: Evidence for the role of sulfur amino acids in the regulation of lipid metabolism. Clin Chim Acta 2017; 473:82-88. [PMID: 28801090 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2017.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2017] [Revised: 08/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We describe body composition, lipid metabolism and Stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD-1) indices in patients with classical homocystinuria (HCU). METHODS Eleven treated HCU patients and 16 healthy controls were included. Body composition and bone mineral density were assessed by dual X-ray absorptiometry. Sulfur amino acids (SAA) and their derivatives (total homocysteine, cysteine, methionine, S-adenosylmethionine, S-adenosylhomocysteine, and glutathione), lipids (free fatty acids, acylcarnitines, triglycerides and lipoproteins), glucose, insulin, leptin, adiponectin, and isoprostanes were measured in plasma. Insulin resistance was evaluated by HOMA-IR. To estimate liver SCD-1 activity, SCD-16 [16:1(n-7)/16:0] and SCD-18 [18:1(n-9)/18:0] desaturation indices were determined. RESULTS In HCU patients, SCD-16 index was significantly reduced (p=0.03). A trend of an association of SCD-16 index with cysteine was observed (r=0.624, p=0.054). HCU patients displayed lower lean mass (p<0.05), with no differences in fat mass percentage. Leptin and low-density lipoprotein concentrations were lower in HCU patients (p<0.05). Femur bone mineral density Z-scores were correlated with plasma cysteine (r=0.829; p=0.04) and total homocysteine (r=-0.829; p=0.04) in HCU patients. CONCLUSIONS We report alterations in leptin and SCD-1 in HCU patients. These results agree with previous findings from epidemiologic and animal studies, and support a role for SAA on lipid homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soraia Poloni
- Post-Graduation Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; BRAIN Laboratory (Basic Research and Advanced Investigations in Neurosciences) - Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Poli Mara Spritzer
- Gynecological Endocrinology Unit, Division of Endocrinology, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Roberta H Mendes
- BRAIN Laboratory (Basic Research and Advanced Investigations in Neurosciences) - Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Vânia D'Almeida
- Laboratory of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Department of Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Kamila Castro
- Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Sperb-Ludwig
- BRAIN Laboratory (Basic Research and Advanced Investigations in Neurosciences) - Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Johanna Kugele
- Laboratory for Clinical Biochemistry and Metabolism, University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sara Tucci
- Laboratory for Clinical Biochemistry and Metabolism, University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Henk J Blom
- Laboratory for Clinical Biochemistry and Metabolism, University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ida V D Schwartz
- Post-Graduation Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; BRAIN Laboratory (Basic Research and Advanced Investigations in Neurosciences) - Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
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21
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Haj-Yasein NN, Berg O, Jernerén F, Refsum H, Nebb HI, Dalen KT. Cysteine deprivation prevents induction of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma-2 and adipose differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2017; 1862:623-635. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2017.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Plubell DL, Wilmarth PA, Zhao Y, Fenton AM, Minnier J, Reddy AP, Klimek J, Yang X, David LL, Pamir N. Extended Multiplexing of Tandem Mass Tags (TMT) Labeling Reveals Age and High Fat Diet Specific Proteome Changes in Mouse Epididymal Adipose Tissue. Mol Cell Proteomics 2017; 16:873-890. [PMID: 28325852 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m116.065524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The lack of high-throughput methods to analyze the adipose tissue protein composition limits our understanding of the protein networks responsible for age and diet related metabolic response. We have developed an approach using multiple-dimension liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry and extended multiplexing (24 biological samples) with tandem mass tags (TMT) labeling to analyze proteomes of epididymal adipose tissues isolated from mice fed either low or high fat diet for a short or a long-term, and from mice that aged on low versus high fat diets. The peripheral metabolic health (as measured by body weight, adiposity, plasma fasting glucose, insulin, triglycerides, total cholesterol levels, and glucose and insulin tolerance tests) deteriorated with diet and advancing age, with long-term high fat diet exposure being the worst. In response to short-term high fat diet, 43 proteins representing lipid metabolism (e.g. AACS, ACOX1, ACLY) and red-ox pathways (e.g. CPD2, CYP2E, SOD3) were significantly altered (FDR < 10%). Long-term high fat diet significantly altered 55 proteins associated with immune response (e.g. IGTB2, IFIT3, LGALS1) and rennin angiotensin system (e.g. ENPEP, CMA1, CPA3, ANPEP). Age-related changes on low fat diet significantly altered only 18 proteins representing mainly urea cycle (e.g. OTC, ARG1, CPS1), and amino acid biosynthesis (e.g. GMT, AKR1C6). Surprisingly, high fat diet driven age-related changes culminated with alterations in 155 proteins involving primarily the urea cycle (e.g. ARG1, CPS1), immune response/complement activation (e.g. C3, C4b, C8, C9, CFB, CFH, FGA), extracellular remodeling (e.g. EFEMP1, FBN1, FBN2, LTBP4, FERMT2, ECM1, EMILIN2, ITIH3) and apoptosis (e.g. YAP1, HIP1, NDRG1, PRKCD, MUL1) pathways. Using our adipose tissue tailored approach we have identified both age-related and high fat diet specific proteomic signatures highlighting a pronounced involvement of arginine metabolism in response to advancing age, and branched chain amino acid metabolism in early response to high fat feeding. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD005953.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deanna L Plubell
- From the ‡Department of Medicine, Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Phillip A Wilmarth
- §Proteomics Shared Resources, Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Yuqi Zhao
- ¶Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Alexandra M Fenton
- From the ‡Department of Medicine, Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Jessica Minnier
- From the ‡Department of Medicine, Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Ashok P Reddy
- §Proteomics Shared Resources, Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, Oregon
| | - John Klimek
- §Proteomics Shared Resources, Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Xia Yang
- ¶Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Larry L David
- §Proteomics Shared Resources, Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Nathalie Pamir
- From the ‡Department of Medicine, Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, Oregon;
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23
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Jiang X, Greenwald E, Jack-Roberts C. Effects of Choline on DNA Methylation and Macronutrient Metabolic Gene Expression in In Vitro Models of Hyperglycemia. Nutr Metab Insights 2016; 9:11-7. [PMID: 27081315 PMCID: PMC4825771 DOI: 10.4137/nmi.s29465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Revised: 02/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Choline is an essential nutrient that plays an important role in lipid metabolism and DNA methylation. Studies in rodents suggest that choline may adversely affect glycemic control, yet studies in humans are lacking. Using the human hepatic and placental cells, HepG2 and BeWo, respectively, we examined the interaction between choline and glucose treatments. In HepG2 cells, choline supplementation (1 mM) increased global DNA methylation and DNA methyltransferase expression in both low-glucose (5 mM) and high-glucose (35 mM) conditions. Choline supplementation increased the expression of peroxisomal acyl-coenzyme A oxidase 1 (ACOX1), which mediates fatty acid β-oxidation, especially in the high-glucose condition. High-glucose exposure increased the transcription of the gluconeogenic gene phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), while choline supplementation mitigated such increase. Compared to HepG2 cells, the placenta-derived BeWo cells were relatively unresponsive to either high-glucose or -choline treatment. In conclusion, choline and glucose interacted to affect macronutrient metabolic genes, yet there was no indication that choline may worsen glycemic control in these in vitro human cell culture models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyin Jiang
- Department of Health and Nutrition Sciences, Brooklyn College, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Esther Greenwald
- Department of Health and Nutrition Sciences, Brooklyn College, Brooklyn, NY, USA
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24
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Ejaz A, Martinez-Guino L, Goldfine AB, Ribas-Aulinas F, De Nigris V, Ribó S, Gonzalez-Franquesa A, Garcia-Roves PM, Li E, Dreyfuss JM, Gall W, Kim JK, Bottiglieri T, Villarroya F, Gerszten RE, Patti ME, Lerin C. Dietary Betaine Supplementation Increases Fgf21 Levels to Improve Glucose Homeostasis and Reduce Hepatic Lipid Accumulation in Mice. Diabetes 2016; 65:902-12. [PMID: 26858359 PMCID: PMC4806659 DOI: 10.2337/db15-1094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Identifying markers of human insulin resistance may permit development of new approaches for treatment and prevention of type 2 diabetes. To this end, we analyzed the fasting plasma metabolome in metabolically characterized human volunteers across a spectrum of insulin resistance. We demonstrate that plasma betaine levels are reduced in insulin-resistant humans and correlate closely with insulin sensitivity. Moreover, betaine administration to mice with diet-induced obesity prevents the development of impaired glucose homeostasis, reduces hepatic lipid accumulation, increases white adipose oxidative capacity, and enhances whole-body energy expenditure. In parallel with these beneficial metabolic effects, betaine supplementation robustly increased hepatic and circulating fibroblast growth factor (Fgf)21 levels. Betaine administration failed to improve glucose homeostasis and liver fat content in Fgf21(-/-) mice, demonstrating that Fgf21 is necessary for betaine's beneficial effects. Together, these data indicate that dietary betaine increases Fgf21 levels to improve metabolic health in mice and suggest that betaine supplementation merits further investigation as a supplement for treatment or prevention of type 2 diabetes in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Ejaz
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | - Allison B Goldfine
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Francesc Ribas-Aulinas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, and CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Valeria De Nigris
- Diabetes and Obesity Laboratory, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sílvia Ribó
- Endocrinology Section, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alba Gonzalez-Franquesa
- Diabetes and Obesity Laboratory, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pablo M Garcia-Roves
- Diabetes and Obesity Laboratory, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain CIBERDEM, Barcelona, Spain Department of Physiological Sciences II, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elizabeth Li
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Jonathan M Dreyfuss
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA
| | | | - Jason K Kim
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | | | - Francesc Villarroya
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, and CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Robert E Gerszten
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Mary-Elizabeth Patti
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Carles Lerin
- Endocrinology Section, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
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25
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Carter RN, Morton NM. Cysteine and hydrogen sulphide in the regulation of metabolism: insights from genetics and pharmacology. J Pathol 2015; 238:321-32. [PMID: 26467985 PMCID: PMC4832394 DOI: 10.1002/path.4659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2015] [Revised: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Obesity and diabetes represent a significant and escalating worldwide health burden. These conditions are characterized by abnormal nutrient homeostasis. One such perturbation is altered metabolism of the sulphur‐containing amino acid cysteine. Obesity is associated with elevated plasma cysteine, whereas diabetes is associated with reduced cysteine levels. One mechanism by which cysteine may act is through its enzymatic breakdown to produce hydrogen sulphide (H2S), a gasotransmitter that regulates glucose and lipid homeostasis. Here we review evidence from both pharmacological studies and transgenic models suggesting that cysteine and hydrogen sulphide play a role in the metabolic dysregulation underpinning obesity and diabetes. We then outline the growing evidence that regulation of hydrogen sulphide levels through its catabolism can impact metabolic health. By integrating hydrogen sulphide production and breakdown pathways, we re‐assess current hypothetical models of cysteine and hydrogen sulphide metabolism, offering new insight into their roles in the pathogenesis of obesity and diabetes. © 2015 The Authors. Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roderick N Carter
- Molecular Metabolism Group, University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Nicholas M Morton
- Molecular Metabolism Group, University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, UK
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26
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Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase-1: Is It the Link between Sulfur Amino Acids and Lipid Metabolism? BIOLOGY 2015; 4:383-96. [PMID: 26046927 PMCID: PMC4498306 DOI: 10.3390/biology4020383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Revised: 05/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
An association between sulfur amino acids (methionine, cysteine, homocysteine and taurine) and lipid metabolism has been described in several experimental and population-based studies. Changes in the metabolism of these amino acids influence serum lipoprotein concentrations, although the underlying mechanisms are still poorly understood. However, recent evidence has suggested that the enzyme stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD-1) may be the link between these two metabolic pathways. SCD-1 is a key enzyme for the synthesis of monounsaturated fatty acids. Its main substrates C16:0 and C18:0 and products palmitoleic acid (C16:1) and oleic acid (C18:1) are the most abundant fatty acids in triglycerides, cholesterol esters and membrane phospholipids. A significant suppression of SCD-1 has been observed in several animal models with disrupted sulfur amino acid metabolism, and the activity of SCD-1 is also associated with the levels of these amino acids in humans. This enzyme also appears to be involved in the etiology of metabolic syndromes because its suppression results in decreased fat deposits (regardless of food intake), improved insulin sensitivity and higher basal energy expenditure. Interestingly, this anti-obesogenic phenotype has also been described in humans and animals with sulfur amino acid disorders, which is consistent with the hypothesis that SCD-1 activity is influenced by these amino acids, in particularly cysteine, which is a strong and independent predictor of SCD-1 activity and fat storage. In this narrative review, we discuss the evidence linking sulfur amino acids, SCD-1 and lipid metabolism.
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27
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Epigenome-wide association of liver methylation patterns and complex metabolic traits in mice. Cell Metab 2015; 21:905-17. [PMID: 26039453 PMCID: PMC4454894 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2015.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Revised: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Heritable epigenetic factors can contribute to complex disease etiology. Here we examine the contribution of DNA methylation to complex traits that are precursors to heart disease, diabetes, and osteoporosis. We profiled DNA methylation in the liver using bisulfite sequencing in 90 mouse inbred strains, genome-wide expression levels, proteomics, metabolomics, and 68 clinical traits and performed epigenome-wide association studies (EWAS). We found associations with numerous clinical traits including bone density, insulin resistance, expression, and protein and metabolite levels. A large proportion of associations were unique to EWAS and were not identified using GWAS. Methylation levels were regulated by genetics largely in cis, but we also found evidence of trans regulation, and we demonstrate that genetic variation in the methionine synthase reductase gene Mtrr affects methylation of hundreds of CpGs throughout the genome. Our results indicate that natural variation in methylation levels contributes to the etiology of complex clinical traits.
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28
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Betaine alleviates hepatic lipid accumulation via enhancing hepatic lipid export and fatty acid oxidation in rats fed with a high-fat diet. Br J Nutr 2015; 113:1835-43. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114515001130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
To assess the effects of betaine on hepatic lipid accumulation and investigate the underlying mechanism, thirty-two male Sprague–Dawley rats weighing 100 (sd 2·50) g were divided into four groups, and started on one of four treatments: basal diet, basal diet with betaine administration, high-fat diet and high-fat diet with betaine administration. The results showed that no significant difference of body weight was found among experimental groups. Compared with high-fat diet-fed rats, a betaine supplementation decreased (P< 0·05) hepatic TAG accumulation induced by high-fat diet, which was also supported by hepatic histology results. Additionally, hepatic betaine–homocysteine methyltransferase activity as well as its mRNA abundance and lecithin level were found increased (P< 0·05) by betaine supplementation in both basal diet-fed rats and high-fat diet-fed rats. Betaine administration in high-fat diet-fed rats exhibited a higher (P< 0·05) activity of hepatic carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1) compared with high-fat diet-fed rats. High-fat diet inhibited (P< 0·05) the gene expression of hepatic PPARα and CPT1. However, betaine administration in high-fat diet-fed rats elevated (P< 0·05) the gene expression of PPARα and CPT1. Moreover, concentration, gene and protein expressions of hepatic fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) were increased (P< 0·05) in response to betaine administration in high-fat diet group; meanwhile the gene expression of hepatic AMP-activated protein kinase was increased (P< 0·05) as well. The results suggest that betaine administration enhanced hepatic lipid export and fatty acid oxidation in high-fat diet-fed rats, thus effectively alleviating fat accumulation in the liver.
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29
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Aguilera CM, Gomez-Llorente C, Tofe I, Gil-Campos M, Cañete R, Gil Á. Genome-wide expression in visceral adipose tissue from obese prepubertal children. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:7723-37. [PMID: 25856673 PMCID: PMC4425045 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16047723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Revised: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Characterization of the genes expressed in adipose tissue (AT) is key to understanding the pathogenesis of obesity and to developing treatments for this condition. Our objective was to compare the gene expression in visceral AT (VAT) between obese and normal-weight prepubertal children. A total of fifteen obese and sixteen normal-weight children undergoing abdominal elective surgery were selected. RNA was extracted from VAT biopsies. Microarray experiments were independently performed for each sample (six obese and five normal-weight samples). Validation by quantitative PCR (qPCR) was performed on an additional 10 obese and 10 normal-weight VAT samples. Of 1276 differentially expressed genes (p < 0.05), 245 were more than two-fold higher in obese children than in normal-weight children. As validated by qPCR, expression was upregulated in genes involved in lipid and amino acid metabolism (CES1, NPRR3 and BHMT2), oxidative stress and extracellular matrix regulation (TNMD and NQO1), adipogenesis (CRYAB and AFF1) and inflammation (ANXA1); by contrast, only CALCRL gene expression was confirmed to be downregulated. In conclusion, this study in prepubertal children demonstrates the up- and down-regulation of genes that encode molecules that were previously proposed to influence the pathogenesis of adulthood obesity, as well as previously unreported dysregulated genes that may be candidate genes in the aetiology of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Concepción M Aguilera
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Armilla, 18100 Granada, Spain.
| | - Carolina Gomez-Llorente
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Armilla, 18100 Granada, Spain.
| | - Inés Tofe
- Unit of Pediatric Endocrinology, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Avda Menéndez Pidal s/n. 14004 Córdoba, Spain.
| | - Mercedes Gil-Campos
- Unit of Pediatric Endocrinology, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Avda Menéndez Pidal s/n. 14004 Córdoba, Spain.
| | - Ramón Cañete
- Unit of Pediatric Endocrinology, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Avda Menéndez Pidal s/n. 14004 Córdoba, Spain.
| | - Ángel Gil
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Armilla, 18100 Granada, Spain.
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Elshorbagy AK. Body composition in gene knockouts of sulfur amino acid-metabolizing enzymes. Mamm Genome 2014; 25:455-63. [PMID: 24952018 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-014-9527-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Plasma concentrations of several amino acids are elevated in human obesity and insulin resistance, but there is no conclusive evidence on whether the amino acid alterations are causal. Dietary restriction of the essential SAA methionine (MR) in rats produces a hypermetabolic phenotype, with an integrated set of transcriptional changes in lipid enzymes in liver and adipose tissue. MR also induces an array of changes in methionine metabolites, including elevated plasma homocysteine and decreased cystathionine, cysteine, glutathione, and taurine. Several knockouts of enzymes acting downstream of methionine recapitulate the phenotypic results of MR, suggesting that the MR phenotype may be driven by changes distal to methionine. Here we review the changes in SAA and body composition in seven relevant knockout mouse models. All seven models feature decreased body weight, which in five of these have been further explored and shown to result from predominantly decreased fat mass. Common to several models is increased energy expenditure, enhanced insulin sensitivity, and protection against dietary obesity, as occurs in MR. A decrease in plasma total cysteine concentrations is also seen in most models. The lean phenotype could often be reversed by dietary supplementation of cysteine or choline, but not taurine, betaine or a H2S donor. Importantly, the plasma concentrations of both cysteine and choline are positively associated with fat mass in large populations studies, while taurine, betaine, and H2S are not. Collectively, the emerging data from dietary and knockout models are in harmony with human epidemiologic data, suggesting that the availability of key nutrients in the SAA pathway regulates fat storage pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amany K Elshorbagy
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3QT, UK,
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Poloni S, Leistner-Segal S, Bandeira IC, D'Almeida V, de Souza CFM, Spritzer PM, Castro K, Tonon T, Nalin T, Imbard A, Blom HJ, Schwartz IVD. Body composition in patients with classical homocystinuria: body mass relates to homocysteine and choline metabolism. Gene 2014; 546:443-7. [PMID: 24815046 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2014.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2013] [Revised: 04/20/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Classical homocystinuria is a rare genetic disease caused by cystathionine β-synthase deficiency, resulting in homocysteine accumulation. Growing evidence suggests that reduced fat mass in patients with classical homocystinuria may be associated with alterations in choline and homocysteine pathways. This study aimed to evaluate the body composition of patients with classical homocystinuria, identifying changes in body fat percentage and correlating findings with biochemical markers of homocysteine and choline pathways, lipoprotein levels and bone mineral density (BMD) T-scores. METHODS Nine patients with classical homocystinuria were included in the study. Levels of homocysteine, methionine, cysteine, choline, betaine, dimethylglycine and ethanolamine were determined. Body composition was assessed by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) in patients and in 18 controls. Data on the last BMD measurement and lipoprotein profile were obtained from medical records. RESULTS Of 9 patients, 4 (44%) had a low body fat percentage, but no statistically significant differences were found between patients and controls. Homocysteine and methionine levels were negatively correlated with body mass index (BMI), while cysteine showed a positive correlation with BMI (p<0.05). There was a trend between total choline levels and body fat percentage (r=0.439, p=0.07). HDL cholesterol correlated with choline and ethanolamine levels (r=0.757, p=0.049; r=0.847, p=0.016, respectively), and total cholesterol also correlated with choline levels (r=0.775, p=0.041). There was no association between BMD T-scores and body composition. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that reduced fat mass is common in patients with classical homocystinuria, and that alterations in homocysteine and choline pathways affect body mass and lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soraia Poloni
- Post-Graduation Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; BRAIN Laboratory (Basic Research and Advanced Investigations in Neurosciences), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
| | - Sandra Leistner-Segal
- BRAIN Laboratory (Basic Research and Advanced Investigations in Neurosciences), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Isabel Cristina Bandeira
- BRAIN Laboratory (Basic Research and Advanced Investigations in Neurosciences), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Vânia D'Almeida
- Reference Center for Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Poli Mara Spritzer
- Gynecological Endocrinology Unit, Division of Endocrinology, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Kamila Castro
- Food and Nutrition Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Tássia Tonon
- Post-Graduation Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Tatiéle Nalin
- Post-Graduation Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Apolline Imbard
- Biochemistry-Hormonology Laboratory, Robert Debré Hospital, APHP, Paris, France; Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry and Metabolism, Department of General Pediatrics, University Medical Centre Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Henk J Blom
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry and Metabolism, Department of General Pediatrics, University Medical Centre Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ida V D Schwartz
- Post-Graduation Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; BRAIN Laboratory (Basic Research and Advanced Investigations in Neurosciences), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Kempson SA, Zhou Y, Danbolt NC. The betaine/GABA transporter and betaine: roles in brain, kidney, and liver. Front Physiol 2014; 5:159. [PMID: 24795654 PMCID: PMC4006062 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2014.00159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The physiological roles of the betaine/GABA transporter (BGT1; slc6a12) are still being debated. BGT1 is a member of the solute carrier family 6 (the neurotransmitter, sodium symporter transporter family) and mediates cellular uptake of betaine and GABA in a sodium- and chloride-dependent process. Most of the studies of BGT1 concern its function and regulation in the kidney medulla where its role is best understood. The conditions here are hostile due to hyperosmolarity and significant concentrations of NH4Cl and urea. To withstand the hyperosmolarity, cells trigger osmotic adaptation, involving concentration of a transcriptional factor TonEBP/NFAT5 in the nucleus, and accumulate betaine and other osmolytes. Data from renal cells in culture, primarily MDCK, revealed that transcriptional regulation of BGT1 by TonEBP/NFAT5 is relatively slow. To allow more acute control of the abundance of BGT1 protein in the plasma membrane, there is also post-translation regulation of BGT1 protein trafficking which is dependent on intracellular calcium and ATP. Further, betaine may be important in liver metabolism as a methyl donor. In fact, in the mouse the liver is the organ with the highest content of BGT1. Hepatocytes express high levels of both BGT1 and the only enzyme that can metabolize betaine, namely betaine:homocysteine –S-methyltransferase (BHMT1). The BHMT1 enzyme removes a methyl group from betaine and transfers it to homocysteine, a potential risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Finally, BGT1 has been proposed to play a role in controlling brain excitability and thereby represents a target for anticonvulsive drug development. The latter hypothesis is controversial due to very low expression levels of BGT1 relative to other GABA transporters in brain, and also the primary location of BGT1 at the surface of the brain in the leptomeninges. These issues are discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen A Kempson
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Yun Zhou
- Department of Anatomy, Centre of Molecular Biology and Neuroscience, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo Oslo, Norway
| | - Niels C Danbolt
- Department of Anatomy, Centre of Molecular Biology and Neuroscience, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo Oslo, Norway
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Tan Y, Liu X, Lu C, He X, Li J, Xiao C, Jiang M, Yang J, Zhou K, Zhang Z, Zhang W, Lu A. Metabolic profiling reveals therapeutic biomarkers of processed Aconitum carmichaeli Debx in treating hydrocortisone induced kidney-yang deficiency syndrome rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 152:585-93. [PMID: 24556226 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Revised: 01/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/08/2014] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Kidney-yang deficiency syndrome (KYDS) is a diagnostic pattern in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and clinical data showed that the unbalance in adrenal cortical hormone is the key issue in KYDS patients. The processed Ranunculaceae aconitum carmichaeli debx (bai-fu-pian in Chinese, BFP) is one of the most commonly used Chinese herbs for treating KYDS. The present study was conducted to explore the therapeutic biomarkers of the BFP in treating hydrocortisone administration induced KYDS rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups with six in each group. KYDS in rats was induced by i.p. injection of hydrocortisone at the dose of 10mg/kg per day for 15 days as described previously. The rats with KYDS were administered orally, starting from the day of hydrocortisone administration stopped, with BFP extract at the dose of 0.32g/kg, 0.64g/kg and 1.28g/kg per day respectively for 15 days. The blood samples were collected for the liquid chromatography quadruple time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-Q-TOF-MS) test, as well as radioimmunoassay to determine the concentrations of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) and adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH). The metabolic responses to BFP administration were investigated by using the principal components analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares analysis (OPLS). Bioinformatics analyses were performed by using the Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA). Variance analysis and linear regression analysis were used in this study. RESULTS The signs and concentrations of cAMP, cGMP and ACTH in the model rats were similar to those previously described about KYDS rats and BFP treatment can reverse the changes. Seventeen significantly changed metabolites among different groups were identified. Thirteen metabolites were identified in the KYDS rats comparing to healthy rats with nine up-regulated and four down-regulated. After BFP treatment at three dosages, five up-regulated metabolites including phosphate, betaine, (4-hydroxyphenyl) acetaldehyde, 5-hydroxyindol-3-acetic acid and 5'-phosphoribosyl-N-formylglycinamide were dose-dependently reversed. The network analysis with IPA showed that four canonical pathways including superpathway of methionine degradation, purine nucleotides de novo biosynthesis II, tyrosine synthesis and serotonin receptor signaling involved the therapeutic mechanism of BFP in treating the KYDS rats. CONCLUSIONS Five therapeutic biomarkers (phosphate, betaine, (4-hydroxyphenyl) acetaldehyde, 5-hydroxyindol-3-acetic acid and 5'-phosphoribosyl-N-formylglycinamide) and two corresponding canonical pathways (amino acid metabolism and purine nucleotide metabolism) were identified to be involved in the therapeutic mechanism of BFP treating the KYDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Tan
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Xinru Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Cheng Lu
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China; School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, 7 Baptist University Road, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Xiaojuan He
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Jian Li
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Cheng Xiao
- China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100030, China
| | - Miao Jiang
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Ke Zhou
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China; Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Zhongxiao Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Weidong Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Aiping Lu
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China; School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, 7 Baptist University Road, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong.
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Zeisel SH. Metabolic crosstalk between choline/1-carbon metabolism and energy homeostasis. Clin Chem Lab Med 2013; 51:467-75. [PMID: 23072856 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2012-0518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2012] [Accepted: 09/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
There are multiple identified mechanisms involved in energy metabolism, insulin resistance and adiposity, but there are here-to-fore unsuspected metabolic factors that also influence these processes. Studies in animal models suggest important links between choline/1-carbon metabolism and energy homeostasis. Rodents fed choline deficient diets become hypermetabolic. Mice with deletions in one of several different genes of choline metabolism have phenotypes that include increased metabolic rate, decreased body fat/lean mass ratio, increased insulin sensitivity, decreased ATP production by mitochondria, or decreased weight gain on a high fat diet. In addition, farmers have recognized that the addition of a metabolite of choline (betaine) to cattle and swine feed reduces body fat/lean mass ratio. Choline dietary intake in humans varies over a > three-fold range, and genetic variation exists that modifies individual requirements for this nutrient. Although there are some epidemiologic studies in humans suggesting a link between choline/1-carbon metabolism and energy metabolism, there have been no controlled studies in humans that were specifically designed to examine this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven H Zeisel
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Nutrition Research Institute, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA.
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Giudicelli F, Brabant AL, Grit I, Parnet P, Amarger V. Excess of methyl donor in the perinatal period reduces postnatal leptin secretion in rat and interacts with the effect of protein content in diet. PLoS One 2013; 8:e68268. [PMID: 23840890 PMCID: PMC3698130 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0068268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Methionine, folic acid, betaine and choline interact in the one-carbon metabolism which provides methyl groups for methylation reactions. An optimal intake of these nutrients during pregnancy is required for successful completion of fetal development and evidence is growing that they could be involved in metabolic long-term programming. However, the biological pathways involved in the action of these nutrients are still poorly known. This study investigated the interaction between methyl donors and protein content in maternal diet during the preconceptual, pregnancy and lactation periods and the consequences on the rat offspring in the short and long term. Methyl donor supplementation reduced leptin secretion in offspring, whereas insulin levels were mostly affected by protein restriction. The joint effect of protein restriction and methyl donor excess strongly impaired postnatal growth in both gender and long term weight gain in male offspring only, without affecting food intake. In addition, rats born from protein restricted and methyl donor supplemented dams gained less weight when fed a hypercaloric diet. Methylation of the leptin gene promoter in adipose tissue was increased in methyl donor supplemented groups but not affected by protein restriction only. These results suggest that maternal methyl donor supplementation may influence energy homeostasis in a gender-dependent manner, without affecting food intake. Moreover, we showed that macronutrients and micronutrients in maternal diet interact to influence the programming of the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Giudicelli
- INRA, UMR1280, Physiologie des Adaptations Nutritionnelles, Nantes, France
- Université de Nantes, UMR 1280, Physiologie des Adaptations Nutritionnelles, Nantes, France
| | - Anne-Laure Brabant
- INRA, UMR1280, Physiologie des Adaptations Nutritionnelles, Nantes, France
- Université de Nantes, UMR 1280, Physiologie des Adaptations Nutritionnelles, Nantes, France
| | - Isabelle Grit
- INRA, UMR1280, Physiologie des Adaptations Nutritionnelles, Nantes, France
- Université de Nantes, UMR 1280, Physiologie des Adaptations Nutritionnelles, Nantes, France
| | - Patricia Parnet
- INRA, UMR1280, Physiologie des Adaptations Nutritionnelles, Nantes, France
- Université de Nantes, UMR 1280, Physiologie des Adaptations Nutritionnelles, Nantes, France
| | - Valérie Amarger
- INRA, UMR1280, Physiologie des Adaptations Nutritionnelles, Nantes, France
- Université de Nantes, UMR 1280, Physiologie des Adaptations Nutritionnelles, Nantes, France
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Dahlhoff C, Desmarchelier C, Sailer M, Fürst RW, Haag A, Ulbrich SE, Hummel B, Obeid R, Geisel J, Bader BL, Daniel H. Hepatic methionine homeostasis is conserved in C57BL/6N mice on high-fat diet despite major changes in hepatic one-carbon metabolism. PLoS One 2013; 8:e57387. [PMID: 23472083 PMCID: PMC3589430 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2012] [Accepted: 01/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is an underlying risk factor in the development of cardiovascular disease, dyslipidemia and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Increased hepatic lipid accumulation is a hallmark in the progression of NAFLD and impairments in liver phosphatidylcholine (PC) metabolism may be central to the pathogenesis. Hepatic PC biosynthesis, which is linked to the one-carbon (C1) metabolism by phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase, is known to be important for hepatic lipid export by VLDL particles. Here, we assessed the influence of a high-fat (HF) diet and NAFLD status in mice on hepatic methyl-group expenditure and C1-metabolism by analyzing changes in gene expression, protein levels, metabolite concentrations, and nuclear epigenetic processes. In livers from HF diet induced obese mice a significant downregulation of cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) and an increased betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase (BHMT) expression were observed. Experiments in vitro, using hepatoma cells stimulated with peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha (PPARα) agonist WY14,643, revealed a significantly reduced Cbs mRNA expression. Moreover, metabolite measurements identified decreased hepatic cystathionine and L-α-amino-n-butyrate concentrations as part of the transsulfuration pathway and reduced hepatic betaine concentrations, but no metabolite changes in the methionine cycle in HF diet fed mice compared to controls. Furthermore, we detected diminished hepatic gene expression of de novo DNA methyltransferase 3b but no effects on hepatic global genomic DNA methylation or hepatic DNA methylation in the Cbs promoter region upon HF diet. Our data suggest that HF diet induces a PPARα-mediated downregulation of key enzymes in the hepatic transsulfuration pathway and upregulates BHMT expression in mice to accommodate to enhanced dietary fat processing while preserving the essential amino acid methionine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Dahlhoff
- Biochemistry Unit, PhD Group, Research Center for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
- Epigenetics, Imprinting and Nutrition, Research Center for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Charles Desmarchelier
- Biochemistry Unit, PhD Group, Research Center for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Manuela Sailer
- Biochemistry Unit, PhD Group, Research Center for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Rainer W. Fürst
- Epigenetics, Imprinting and Nutrition, Research Center for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
- Physiology Unit, ZIEL, Research Center for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Alexander Haag
- Biochemistry Unit, PhD Group, Research Center for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Susanne E. Ulbrich
- Epigenetics, Imprinting and Nutrition, Research Center for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
- Physiology Unit, ZIEL, Research Center for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Björn Hummel
- Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine/Central Laboratory University Hospital of the Saarland, Homburg, Germany
| | - Rima Obeid
- Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine/Central Laboratory University Hospital of the Saarland, Homburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Geisel
- Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine/Central Laboratory University Hospital of the Saarland, Homburg, Germany
| | - Bernhard L. Bader
- Epigenetics, Imprinting and Nutrition, Research Center for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
- Nutritional Medicine Unit, Research Center for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Hannelore Daniel
- Biochemistry Unit, PhD Group, Research Center for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
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Yan J, Winter LB, Burns-Whitmore B, Vermeylen F, Caudill MA. Plasma choline metabolites associate with metabolic stress among young overweight men in a genotype-specific manner. Nutr Diabetes 2012; 2:e49. [PMID: 23169489 PMCID: PMC3488811 DOI: 10.1038/nutd.2012.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to test the hypotheses that (i) plasma choline metabolites differ between normal (body mass index (BMI)<25 kg m(-2)) and overweight (BMI 25 kg m(-2)) men, and (ii) an elevated BMI alters associations between plasma choline metabolites and indicators of metabolic stress. DESIGN This was a cross-sectional study. A one-time fasting blood sample was obtained for measurements of the choline metabolites and metabolic stress indicators (that is, serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), glucose, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides and homocysteine), and for genotype determination. SUBJECTS The analysis was conducted with 237 Mexican American men with a median age of 22 years. RESULTS Compared with men with a normal BMI (n=98), those with an elevated BMI (n=139) had 6% lower (P=0.049) plasma betaine and an 11% lower (P=0.002) plasma betaine to choline ratio. Among men with an elevated BMI, plasma betaine and the plasma betaine to choline ratio positively associated (P0.044) with a favorable serum cholesterol profile, and inversely associated (P=0.001) with serum ALT, a marker of liver dysfunction. The phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PEMT) 5465GA (rs7946) genotype interacted (P0.007) with the plasma betaine to choline ratio to modulate indicators of metabolic stress with stronger inverse associations observed among overweight men with the PEMT 5465GG genotype. CONCLUSIONS Plasma choline metabolites predict metabolic stress among overweight men often in a genotype-specific manner. The diminished betaine among overweight men coupled with the inverse association between betaine and metabolic stress suggest that betaine supplementation may be effective in mitigating some of the metabolic insults arising from lipid overload.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Yan
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
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Elshorbagy AK, Valdivia-Garcia M, Refsum H, Butte N. The association of cysteine with obesity, inflammatory cytokines and insulin resistance in Hispanic children and adolescents. PLoS One 2012; 7:e44166. [PMID: 22984471 PMCID: PMC3439485 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0044166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2012] [Accepted: 07/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Context Plasma total cysteine (tCys) independently relates to fat mass in adults. Dietary cyst(e)ine promotes adiposity and decreases glucose tolerance in some rodent models, but alleviates insulin resistance in others. Objective To investigate whether the association of tCys with body fat extends to children at particular risk of obesity, and whether tCys is associated with insulin resistance and obesity-associated inflammation. Methods We explored the cross-sectional relations of fasting plasma tCys and related metabolites with body composition measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in 984 Hispanic children and adolescents aged 4–19 years from the Viva La Familia Study. Linear and logistic regression and dose-response curves were used to evaluate relations of tCys with obesity, insulin resistance and inflammatory markers including interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and C-reactive protein (CRP). Results tCys, methionine and total homocysteine (tHcy) increased with age. Upper tCys quartile was independently associated with a 5-fold increased risk of obesity (95% CI 3.5–8.0, P<0.001), and 2-fold risk of insulin resistance (95% CI: 1.6-5.0, P<0.001; adjusted for body fat%). Within the overweight/obese subgroup, but not in normal-weight children, tCys accounted for 9% of the variability in body fat% (partial r = 0.30, P<0.001; adjusted for age and gender). tCys correlated positively with serum non-esterified fatty acids and leptin, partly independent of body fat, but was not associated with serum IL-6, TNF-α or MCP-1. A positive correlation with CRP disappeared after adjustment for BMI. Conclusion tCys is independently associated with obesity and insulin resistance in Hispanic children and adolescents, highlighting a previously underappreciated link between the sulfur amino acid metabolic pathway and obesity and cardiometabolic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amany K Elshorbagy
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
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