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Yang S, Li M, Lian G, Wu Y, Cui J, Wang L. ABHD8 antagonizes inflammation by facilitating chaperone-mediated autophagy-mediated degradation of NLRP3. Autophagy 2024:1-14. [PMID: 39225180 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2024.2395158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 08/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/18/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The NLRP3 inflammasome is a multiprotein complex that plays a vital role in the innate immune system in response to microbial infections and endogenous danger signals. Aberrant activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome is implicated in a spectrum of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, emphasizing the necessity for precise regulation of the NLRP3 inflammasome to maintain immune homeostasis. The protein level of NLRP3 is a limiting step for inflammasome activation, which must be tightly controlled to avoid detrimental consequences. Here, we demonstrate that ABHD8, a member of the α/β-hydrolase domain-containing (ABHD) family, interacts with NLRP3 and promotes its degradation through the chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) pathway. ABHD8 acts as a scaffold to recruit palmitoyltransferase ZDHHC12 to NLRP3 for its palmitoylation as well as subsequent CMA-mediated degradation. Notably, ABHD8 deficiency results in the stabilization of NLRP3 protein and promotes NLRP3 inflammasome activation. We further confirm that ABHD8 overexpression ameliorates LPS- or alum-triggered NLRP3 inflammasome activation in vivo. Interestingly, the nucleocapsid (N) protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) impairs the ABHD8-NLRP3 association, resulting in an elevation in NLRP3 protein level and excessive inflammasome activation. These findings demonstrate that ABHD8 May represent a potential therapeutic target in conditions associated with NLRP3 inflammasome dysregulation.Abbreviations: 3-MA: 3-methyladenine; ABHD: α/β-hydrolase domain-containing; BMDMs: Bone marrow-derived macrophages; CFZ: carfilzomib; CHX: cycloheximide; CMA: chaperone-mediated autophagy; CQ: chloroquine; DAMPs: danger/damage-associated molecular patterns; HSPA8/HSC70: heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 8; LAMP2A: lysosomal associated membrane protein 2A; NH4Cl: ammonium chloride; NLRP3: NLR family pyrin domain containing 3; PAMPs: pathogen-associated molecular patterns; SARS-CoV-2: severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences of Sun Yat-sen university, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Mengqiu Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences of Sun Yat-sen university, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Guangyu Lian
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences of Sun Yat-sen university, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yaoxing Wu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jun Cui
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences of Sun Yat-sen university, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Liqiu Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences of Sun Yat-sen university, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Tsou SH, Lin SC, Chen WJ, Hung HC, Liao CC, Kornelius E, Huang CN, Lin CL, Yang YS. Hydrogen-Rich Water (HRW) Reduces Fatty Acid-Induced Lipid Accumulation and Oxidative Stress Damage through Activating AMP-Activated Protein Kinase in HepG2 Cells. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1444. [PMID: 39062020 PMCID: PMC11274623 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12071444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is characterized by excessive fat accumulation in the liver. Intracellular oxidative stress induced by lipid accumulation leads to various hepatocellular injuries including fibrosis. However, no effective method for mitigating MASLD without substantial side effects currently exists. Molecular hydrogen (H2) has garnered attention due to its efficiency in neutralizing harmful reactive oxygen species (ROS) and its ability to penetrate cell membranes. Some clinical evidence suggests that H2 may alleviate fatty liver disease, but the precise molecular mechanisms, particularly the regulation of lipid droplet (LD) metabolism, remain unclear. This study utilized an in vitro model of hepatocyte lipid accumulation induced by free fatty acids (FFAs) to replicate MASLD in HepG2 cells. The results demonstrated a significant increase in LD accumulation due to elevated FFA levels. However, the addition of hydrogen-rich water (HRW) effectively reduced LD accumulation. HRW decreased the diameter of LDs and reduced lipid peroxidation and FFA-induced oxidative stress by activating the AMPK/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Overall, our findings suggest that HRW has potential as an adjunctive supplement in managing fatty liver disease by reducing LD accumulation and enhancing antioxidant pathways, presenting a novel strategy for impeding MASLD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sing-Hua Tsou
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan;
| | - Sheng-Chieh Lin
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; (S.-C.L.); (E.K.)
- Department of Orthopaedics, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Jen Chen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan;
| | - Hui-Chih Hung
- Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genomics and Bioinformatics, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan;
| | - Chun-Cheng Liao
- Department of Family Medicine, Taichung Armed Forces General Hospital, Taichung 411, Taiwan;
- School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Edy Kornelius
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; (S.-C.L.); (E.K.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan;
| | - Chien-Ning Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan;
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Li Lin
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan;
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Sun Yang
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; (S.-C.L.); (E.K.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan;
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Xing Z, Zhang Y, Kang H, Dong H, Zhu D, Liu Y, Sun C, Guo P, Hu B, Tan A. ABHD5 regulates midgut-specific lipid homeostasis in Bombyx mori. INSECT SCIENCE 2024. [PMID: 38841829 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.13386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Lipids are an important energy source and are utilized as substrates for various physiological processes in insects. Comparative gene identification 58 (CGI-58), also known as α/β hydrolase domain-containing 5 (ABHD5), is a highly conserved and multifunctional gene involved in regulating lipid metabolism and cellular energy balance in many organisms. However, the biological functions of ABHD5 in insects are poorly understood. In the current study, we describe the identification and characterization of the ABHD5 gene in the lepidopteran model insect, Bombyx mori. The tissue expression profile investigated using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) reveals that BmABHD5 is widely expressed in all tissues, with particularly high levels found in the midgut and testis. A binary transgenic CRISPR/Cas9 system was employed to conduct a functional analysis of BmABHD5, with the mutation of BmABHD5 leading to the dysregulation of lipid metabolism and excessive lipid accumulation in the larval midgut. Histological and physiological analysis further reveals a significant accumulation of lipid droplets in the midgut of mutant larvae. RNA-seq and RT-qPCR analysis showed that genes related to metabolic pathways were significantly affected by the absence of BmABHD5. Altogether, our data prove that BmABHD5 plays an important role in regulating tissue-specific lipid metabolism in the silkworm midgut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiping Xing
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, The Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yuting Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, The Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hongxia Kang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, The Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hui Dong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, The Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Dalin Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, The Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yutong Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, The Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chenxin Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, The Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Peilin Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, The Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Bo Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, The Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Anjiang Tan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, The Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
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Schwartz J, Capistrano KJ, Gluck J, Hezarkhani A, Naqvi AR. SARS-CoV-2, periodontal pathogens, and host factors: The trinity of oral post-acute sequelae of COVID-19. Rev Med Virol 2024; 34:e2543. [PMID: 38782605 PMCID: PMC11260190 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
COVID-19 as a pan-epidemic is waning but there it is imperative to understand virus interaction with oral tissues and oral inflammatory diseases. We review periodontal disease (PD), a common inflammatory oral disease, as a driver of COVID-19 and oral post-acute-sequelae conditions (PASC). Oral PASC identifies with PD, loss of teeth, dysgeusia, xerostomia, sialolitis-sialolith, and mucositis. We contend that PD-associated oral microbial dysbiosis involving higher burden of periodontopathic bacteria provide an optimal microenvironment for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. These pathogens interact with oral epithelial cells activate molecular or biochemical pathways that promote viral adherence, entry, and persistence in the oral cavity. A repertoire of diverse molecules identifies this relationship including lipids, carbohydrates and enzymes. The S protein of SARS-CoV-2 binds to the ACE2 receptor and is activated by protease activity of host furin or TRMPSS2 that cleave S protein subunits to promote viral entry. However, PD pathogens provide additional enzymatic assistance mimicking furin and augment SARS-CoV-2 adherence by inducing viral entry receptors ACE2/TRMPSS, which are poorly expressed on oral epithelial cells. We discuss the mechanisms involving periodontopathogens and host factors that facilitate SARS-CoV-2 infection and immune resistance resulting in incomplete clearance and risk for 'long-haul' oral health issues characterising PASC. Finally, we suggest potential diagnostic markers and treatment avenues to mitigate oral PASC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Schwartz
- Department of Oral Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 60612, USA
| | | | - Joseph Gluck
- Department of Periodontics, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 60612, USA
| | - Armita Hezarkhani
- Department of Periodontics, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 60612, USA
| | - Afsar R. Naqvi
- Department of Periodontics, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 60612, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 60612, USA
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Dalen KT, Li Y. Regulation of lipid droplets and cholesterol metabolism in adrenal cortical cells. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2023; 124:79-136. [PMID: 38408810 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2023.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
The adrenal gland is composed of two distinctly different endocrine moieties. The interior medulla consists of neuroendocrine chromaffin cells that secrete catecholamines like adrenaline and noradrenaline, while the exterior cortex consists of steroidogenic cortical cells that produce steroid hormones, such as mineralocorticoids (aldosterone), glucocorticoids (cortisone and cortisol) and androgens. Synthesis of steroid hormones in cortical cells requires substantial amounts of cholesterol, which is the common precursor for steroidogenesis. Cortical cells may acquire cholesterol from de novo synthesis and uptake from circulating low- and high-density lipoprotein particles (LDL and HDL). As cholesterol is part of the plasma membrane in all mammalian cells and an important regulator of membrane fluidity, cellular levels of free cholesterol are tightly regulated. To ensure a robust supply of cholesterol for steroidogenesis and to avoid cholesterol toxicity, cortical cells store large amounts of cholesterol as cholesteryl esters in intracellular lipid droplets. Cortical steroidogenesis relies on both mobilization of cholesterol from lipid droplets and constant uptake of circulating cholesterol to replenish lipid droplet stores. This chapter will describe mechanisms involved in cholesterol uptake, cholesteryl ester synthesis, lipid droplet formation, hydrolysis of stored cholesteryl esters, as well as their impact on steroidogenesis. Additionally, animal models and human diseases characterized by altered cortical cholesteryl ester storage, with or without abnormal steroidogenesis, will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Knut Tomas Dalen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway; The Norwegian Transgenic Center, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Norway.
| | - Yuchuan Li
- Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway
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Shu Q, Pan Y, Hu H. CGI-58 Protein Acts as a Positive Regulator of Triacylglycerol Accumulation in Phaeodactylum tricornutum. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 33:242-250. [PMID: 36524337 PMCID: PMC9998212 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2209.09029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Comparative gene identification-58 (CGI-58) is an activating protein of triacylglycerol (TAG) lipase. It has a variety of catalytic activities whereby it may play different roles in diverse organisms. In this study, a homolog of CGI-58 in Phaeodactylum tricornutum (PtCGI-58) was identified. PtCGI-58 was localized in mitochondria by GFP fusion protein analysis, which is different from the reported subcellular localization of CGI-58 in animals and plants. Respectively, PtCGI-58 overexpression resulted in increased neutral lipid content and TAG accumulation by 42-46% and 21-32%. Likewise, it also increased the relative content of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and in particular, the EPA content in TAGs almost doubled. Transcript levels of genes involved in de novo fatty acid synthesis and mitochondrial β-oxidation were significantly upregulated in PtCGI-58 overexpression strains compared with wild-type cells. Our findings suggest that PtCGI-58 may mediate the breakdown of lipids in mitochondria and the recycling of acyl chains derived from mitochondrial β-oxidation into TAG biosynthesis. Moreover, this study potentially illuminates new functions for CGI-58 in lipid homeostasis and provides a strategy to enrich EPA in algal TAGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Shu
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, P.R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Yufang Pan
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, P.R. China
| | - Hanhua Hu
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, P.R. China
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Bao X, Ma X, Huang R, Chen J, Xin H, Zhou M, Li L, Tong S, Zhang Q, Shui G, Deng F, Yu L, Li MD, Zhang Z. Knockdown of hepatocyte Perilipin-3 mitigates hepatic steatosis and steatohepatitis caused by hepatocyte CGI-58 deletion in mice. J Mol Cell Biol 2022; 14:6701373. [PMID: 36107452 PMCID: PMC9929509 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjac055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Comparative gene identification-58 (CGI-58), also known as α/β hydrolase domain containing 5, is the co-activator of adipose triglyceride lipase that hydrolyzes triglycerides stored in the cytosolic lipid droplets. Mutations in CGI-58 gene cause Chanarin-Dorfman syndrome (CDS), an autosomal recessive neutral lipid storage disease with ichthyosis. The liver pathology of CDS manifests as steatosis and steatohepatitis, which currently has no effective treatments. Perilipin-3 (Plin3) is a member of the Perilipin-ADRP-TIP47 protein family that is essential for lipid droplet biogenesis. The objective of this study was to test a hypothesis that deletion of a major lipid droplet protein alleviates fatty liver pathogenesis caused by CGI-58 deficiency in hepatocytes. Adult CGI-58-floxed mice were injected with adeno-associated vectors simultaneously expressing the Cre recombinase and microRNA against Plin3 under the control of a hepatocyte-specific promoter, followed by high-fat diet feeding for 6 weeks. Liver and blood samples were then collected from these animals for histological and biochemical analysis. Plin3 knockdown in hepatocytes prevented steatosis, steatohepatitis, and necroptosis caused by hepatocyte CGI-58 deficiency. Our work is the first to show that inhibiting Plin3 in hepatocytes is sufficient to mitigate hepatocyte CGI-58 deficiency-induced hepatic steatosis and steatohepatitis in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Bao
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Center for Circadian Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Xiaogen Ma
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Center for Circadian Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Rongfeng Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Center for Circadian Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Jianghui Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Center for Circadian Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China,Department of Cardiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401120, China
| | - Haoran Xin
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Center for Circadian Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Meiyu Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Center for Circadian Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Lihua Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Center for Circadian Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Shifei Tong
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401120, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of General Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Guanghou Shui
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Fang Deng
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China,Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing 400038, China,Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, PLA, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Liqing Yu
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Min-Dian Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Center for Circadian Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
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Zhang J, Nie J, Sun H, Li J, Andersen JP, Shi Y. De novo labeling and trafficking of individual lipid species in live cells. Mol Metab 2022; 61:101511. [PMID: 35504533 PMCID: PMC9114690 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Lipids exert dynamic biological functions which are determined both by their fatty acyl compositions and spatiotemporal distributions inside the cell. However, it remains a daunting task to investigate any of these features for each of the more than 1000 lipid species due to a lack of a universal labeling method for individual lipid moieties in live cells. Here we report a de novo lipid labeling method for individual lipid species with precise acyl compositions in live cells. The method is based on the principle of de novo lipid remodeling of exogenously added lysolipids with fluorescent acyl-CoA, leading to the re-synthesis of fluorescence-labeled lipids which can be imaged by confocal microscopy. METHODS The cells were incubated with lysolipids and a nitro-benzoxadiazolyl (NBD) labeled acyl-CoA. The newly remodeled NBD-labeled lipids and their subcellular localization were analyzed by confocal imaging in live cells. Thin layer chromatography was carried out to verify the synthesis of NBD-labeled lipids. The mitochondrial trafficking of NBD-labeled lipids was validated in live cells with targeted deletion of phospholipids transporters, including TRIAP1/PRELI protein complex and StarD7. RESULTS Incubation cells with lysolipids and NBD-acyl-CoA successfully labeled major lipid species with precise acyl compositions, including phospholipids, cholesterol esters, and neutral lipids, which can be analyzed by confocal imaging in live cells. In contrast to exogenously labeled lipids, the de novo labeled lipids retained full biological properties of their endogenous counterparts, including subcellular localization, trafficking, and recognition by lipid transporters. This method also uncovered some unexpected features of newly remodeled lipids and their transporters. CONCLUSIONS The de novo lipid labeling method not only provides a powerful tool for functional analysis of individual lipid species and lipid transporters, but also calls for re-evaluation of previously published results using exogenously labeled lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 4939 Charles Katz Drive, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA,Perenna Pharmceuticals Inc., 14785 Omicron Drive, Ste 100, San Antonio, TX, 78245, USA
| | - Jia Nie
- Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 4939 Charles Katz Drive, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Haoran Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - John-Paul Andersen
- Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 4939 Charles Katz Drive, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Yuguang Shi
- Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 4939 Charles Katz Drive, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
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9
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Valentine WJ, Yanagida K, Kawana H, Kono N, Noda NN, Aoki J, Shindou H. Update and nomenclature proposal for mammalian lysophospholipid acyltransferases which create membrane phospholipid diversity. J Biol Chem 2021; 298:101470. [PMID: 34890643 PMCID: PMC8753187 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The diversity of glycerophospholipid species in cellular membranes is immense and affects various biological functions. Glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferases (GPATs) and lysophospholipid acyltransferases (LPLATs), in concert with phospholipase A1/2s enzymes, contribute to this diversity via selective esterification of fatty acyl chains at the sn-1 or sn-2 positions of membrane phospholipids. These enzymes are conserved across all kingdoms, and in mammals four GPATs of the 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase (AGPAT) family and at least 14 LPLATs, either of the AGPAT or the membrane-bound O-acyltransferase (MBOAT) families, have been identified. Here we provide an overview of the biochemical and biological activities of these mammalian enzymes, including their predicted structures, involvements in human diseases, and essential physiological roles as revealed by gene-deficient mice. Recently, the nomenclature used to refer to these enzymes has generated some confusion due to the use of multiple names to refer to the same enzyme and instances of the same name being used to refer to completely different enzymes. Thus, this review proposes a more uniform LPLAT enzyme nomenclature, as well as providing an update of recent advances made in the study of LPLATs, continuing from our JBC mini review in 2009.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J Valentine
- Department of Lipid Signaling, National Center for Global Health and Medicine (NCGM), Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan; Department of Molecular Therapy, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan
| | - Keisuke Yanagida
- Department of Lipid Signaling, National Center for Global Health and Medicine (NCGM), Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kawana
- Department of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Nozomu Kono
- Department of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Nobuo N Noda
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Microbial Chemistry Research Foundation, Tokyo 141-0021, Japan
| | - Junken Aoki
- Department of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hideo Shindou
- Department of Lipid Signaling, National Center for Global Health and Medicine (NCGM), Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan; Department of Lipid Medical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
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Dong J, Wang M, Gao J, Liu J, Chen Y. Association between the levels of CGI-58 and lipoprotein lipase in the placenta of patients with preeclampsia. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:1129. [PMID: 34466143 PMCID: PMC8383331 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia is an idiopathic disease of pregnancy, which seriously endangers the life of both the mother and the infant. The pathogenesis of preeclampsia has not been fully elucidated, although it is generally considered to be associated with abnormal lipid metabolism during pregnancy. Comparative gene identification-58 (CGI-58) and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) are involved in the first step of triglyceride hydrolysis and serve an important role in lipid transport in the placenta. The present study aimed therefore to investigate the association between CGI-58 and LPL in the placentas of patients with or without preeclampsia and to evaluate blood lipid levels. The patient cohort was divided into two groups, pregnant women with preeclampsia and normal pregnant women (control). According to biochemical analyses, reverse transcription-quantitative PCR, immunohistochemistry analysis and western blotting, the expression of CGI-58 and LPL in the placenta was detected, the blood lipid levels were evaluated and other clinical data were collected. Compared with the control group, triglycerides (TGs), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), apolipoprotein B (ApoB) and atherosclerotic index (AI) were significantly higher in the preeclampsia group, whereas high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) and apolipoprotein A (ApoA) were significantly lower (P<0.05). Furthermore, the expression levels of CGI-58 and LPL in the placental tissue of the preeclampsia group was significantly lower than that of the control group (P<0.05). Linear correlation analysis demonstrated that there was a positive association between CGI-58 and LPL (r=0.602; P<0.05), that CGI-58 was positively associated with HDL-C (r=0.63; P<0.01) but negatively associated with TG and ApoB (r=0.840; P<0.01; and r=0.514; P<0.05, respectively), that LPL was positively associated with HDL-C (r=0.524; P<0.01) but negatively associated with TG and AI (r=0.659; P<0.01; and r=0.496; P<0.01, respectively). These results suggested that the expression of CGI-58 and LPL in the placenta was associated with the pathogenesis of preeclampsia and maternal lipids and the risk of preeclampsia was increased with decreasing expression levels of CGI-58 and LPL. Hence, CGI-58 and LPL may be used as important indicators for the diagnosis of preeclampsia and for the prevention of preeclampsia in pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxin Dong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China
| | - Miao Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China
| | - Jie Gao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China
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11
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Li Y, Khanal P, Norheim F, Hjorth M, Bjellaas T, Drevon CA, Vaage J, Kimmel AR, Dalen KT. Plin2 deletion increases cholesteryl ester lipid droplet content and disturbs cholesterol balance in adrenal cortex. J Lipid Res 2021; 62:100048. [PMID: 33582145 PMCID: PMC8044703 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2021.100048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholesteryl esters (CEs) are the water-insoluble transport and storage form of cholesterol. Steroidogenic cells primarily store CEs in cytoplasmic lipid droplet (LD) organelles, as contrasted to the majority of mammalian cell types that predominantly store triacylglycerol (TAG) in LDs. The LD-binding Plin2 binds to both CE- and TAG-rich LDs, and although Plin2 is known to regulate degradation of TAG-rich LDs, its role for regulation of CE-rich LDs is unclear. To investigate the role of Plin2 in the regulation of CE-rich LDs, we performed histological and molecular characterization of adrenal glands from Plin2+/+ and Plin2-/- mice. Adrenal glands of Plin2-/- mice had significantly enlarged organ size, increased size and numbers of CE-rich LDs in cortical cells, elevated cellular unesterified cholesterol levels, and increased expression of macrophage markers and genes facilitating reverse cholesterol transport. Despite altered LD storage, mobilization of adrenal LDs and secretion of corticosterone induced by adrenocorticotropic hormone stimulation or starvation were similar in Plin2+/+ and Plin2-/- mice. Plin2-/- adrenals accumulated ceroid-like structures rich in multilamellar bodies in the adrenal cortex-medulla boundary, which increased with age, particularly in females. Finally, Plin2-/- mice displayed unexpectedly high levels of phosphatidylglycerols, which directly paralleled the accumulation of these ceroid-like structures. Our findings demonstrate an important role of Plin2 for regulation of CE-rich LDs and cellular cholesterol balance in the adrenal cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchuan Li
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Prabhat Khanal
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Steinkjer, Norway
| | - Frode Norheim
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marit Hjorth
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Christian A Drevon
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; VITAS AS, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jarle Vaage
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Research and Development, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Alan R Kimmel
- Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, The National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Knut Tomas Dalen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; The Norwegian Transgenic Center, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
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12
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Lipid Metabolism in Tumor-Associated Fibroblasts. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1316:117-131. [PMID: 33740247 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-33-6785-2_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Tumor- or cancer-associated fibroblasts (TAFs), one of the most abundant stromal cell types in various carcinomas, consist of a heterogeneous cell population. Typically, TAFs are assigned with pro-tumor activities to promote tumor growth and progression. One of the key features of solid tumors is the metabolic reprogramming that induces alterations of bioenergetics and biosynthesis in both tumor cells and TAFs. Therefore, this review emphasizes TAFs lipid metabolism related to both TAFs differentiation process and TAFs crosstalk with cancer cells. We hope that this review will help understand lipid metabolism in tumor microenvironment, and support the rational design of metabolism-based approaches to improve the efficacy of cancer therapy.
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13
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Yu L, Li Y, Grisé A, Wang H. CGI-58: Versatile Regulator of Intracellular Lipid Droplet Homeostasis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1276:197-222. [PMID: 32705602 PMCID: PMC8063591 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-6082-8_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Comparative gene identification-58 (CGI-58), also known as α/β-hydrolase domain-containing 5 (ABHD5), is a member of a large family of proteins containing an α/β-hydrolase-fold. CGI-58 is well-known as the co-activator of adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), which is a key enzyme initiating cytosolic lipid droplet lipolysis. Mutations in either the human CGI-58 or ATGL gene cause an autosomal recessive neutral lipid storage disease, characterized by the excessive accumulation of triglyceride (TAG)-rich lipid droplets in the cytoplasm of almost all cell types. CGI-58, however, has ATGL-independent functions. Distinct phenotypes associated with CGI-58 deficiency commonly include ichthyosis (scaly dry skin), nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, and hepatic fibrosis. Through regulated interactions with multiple protein families, CGI-58 controls many metabolic and signaling pathways, such as lipid and glucose metabolism, energy balance, insulin signaling, inflammatory responses, and thermogenesis. Recent studies have shown that CGI-58 regulates the pathogenesis of common metabolic diseases in a tissue-specific manner. Future studies are needed to molecularly define ATGL-independent functions of CGI-58, including the newly identified serine protease activity of CGI-58. Elucidation of these versatile functions of CGI-58 may uncover fundamental cellular processes governing lipid and energy homeostasis, which may help develop novel approaches that counter against obesity and its associated metabolic sequelae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqing Yu
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Yi Li
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alison Grisé
- College of Computer, Math, and Natural Sciences, College of Behavioral and Social Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Huan Wang
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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14
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Peng HY, Li HP, Li MQ. Downregulated ABHD5 Aggravates Insulin Resistance of Trophoblast Cells During Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Reprod Sci 2020; 27:233-245. [DOI: 10.1007/s43032-019-00010-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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15
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Hehlert P, Hofferek V, Heier C, Eichmann TO, Riedel D, Rosenberg J, Takaćs A, Nagy HM, Oberer M, Zimmermann R, Kühnlein RP. The α/β-hydrolase domain-containing 4- and 5-related phospholipase Pummelig controls energy storage in Drosophila. J Lipid Res 2019; 60:1365-1378. [PMID: 31164391 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m092817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Triglycerides (TGs) are the main energy storage form that accommodates changing organismal energy demands. In Drosophila melanogaster, the TG lipase Brummer is centrally important for body fat mobilization. Its gene brummer (bmm) encodes the ortholog of mammalian adipose TG lipase, which becomes activated by α/β-hydrolase domain-containing 5 (ABHD5/CGI-58), one member of the paralogous gene pair, α/β-hydrolase domain-containing 4 (ABHD4) and ABHD5 In Drosophila, the pummelig (puml) gene encodes the single sequence-related protein to mammalian ABHD4/ABHD5 with unknown function. We generated puml deletion mutant flies, that were short-lived as a result of lipid metabolism changes, stored excess body fat at the expense of glycogen, and exhibited ectopic fat storage with altered TG FA profile in the fly kidneys, called Malpighian tubules. TG accumulation in puml mutants was not associated with increased food intake but with elevated lipogenesis; starvation-induced lipid mobilization remained functional. Despite its structural similarity to mammalian ABHD5, Puml did not stimulate TG lipase activity of Bmm in vitro. Rather, Puml acted as a phospholipase that localized on lipid droplets, mitochondria, and peroxisomes. Together, these results show that the ABHD4/5 family member Puml is a versatile phospholipase that regulates Drosophila body fat storage and energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Hehlert
- Research Group Molecular Physiology Max-Planck-Institut für Biophysikalische Chemie, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Vinzenz Hofferek
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie Potsdam, Germany
| | - Christoph Heier
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Thomas O Eichmann
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Dietmar Riedel
- Department of Structural Dynamics, Electron Microscopy, Max-Planck-Institut für Biophysikalische Chemie, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jonathan Rosenberg
- Research Group Molecular Physiology Max-Planck-Institut für Biophysikalische Chemie, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Anna Takaćs
- Research Group Molecular Physiology Max-Planck-Institut für Biophysikalische Chemie, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Harald M Nagy
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Monika Oberer
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,BioTechMed-Graz Graz, Austria
| | - Robert Zimmermann
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,BioTechMed-Graz Graz, Austria
| | - Ronald P Kühnlein
- Research Group Molecular Physiology Max-Planck-Institut für Biophysikalische Chemie, Göttingen, Germany .,Institute of Molecular Biosciences University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,BioTechMed-Graz Graz, Austria
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16
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Gaudioso A, Garcia-Rozas P, Casarejos MJ, Pastor O, Rodriguez-Navarro JA. Lipidomic Alterations in the Mitochondria of Aged Parkin Null Mice Relevant to Autophagy. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:329. [PMID: 31068772 PMCID: PMC6491511 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial quality control is important in neurological diseases, but in genetic Parkinson’s disease caused by mutations in PINK and parkin mitochondrial degradation through autophagy is crucial. Reductions in autophagy and mitophagy are implicated in aging, age related diseases and Parkinson. The parkin null mice (PK-KO) show only a subtle phenotype, apparent with age or with stressors. We have studied the changes in the lipidomic composition of the mitochondrial membranes isolated from the brains of young and old PK-KO mice and compared them to wild type in order to determine possible implications for Parkinson’s disease pathology. We observed an increase in the levels of phosphatidylethanolamine in the young PK-KO mice that is lost in the old and correlate to changes in the phosphatidylserine decarboxylase. PK-KO old mice mitochondria showed lower phosphatidylglicerol and phosphatidylinositol levels and higher levels of some forms of hydroxylated ceramides. Regarding cardiolipins there were changes in the degree of saturation mainly with age. The lipidomic composition discriminates between the study groups using partial least square discriminant analysis. We discuss the relevance of the lipid changes for the autophagic activity, the mitophagy, the mitochondrial activity and the Parkinson’s disease pathology in absence of parkin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel Gaudioso
- Cellular Neurobiology Laboratory, Neurobiology Department, UCS-UCM, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Garcia-Rozas
- Cellular Neurobiology Laboratory, Neurobiology Department, UCS-UCM, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Jose Casarejos
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Neurobiology Department, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigaciones Sanitarias (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Oscar Pastor
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, UCA-CCM, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose Antonio Rodriguez-Navarro
- Cellular Neurobiology Laboratory, Neurobiology Department, UCS-UCM, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
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17
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Sil P, Wong SW, Martinez J. More Than Skin Deep: Autophagy Is Vital for Skin Barrier Function. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1376. [PMID: 29988591 PMCID: PMC6026682 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The skin is a highly organized first line of defense that stretches up to 1.8 m2 and is home to more than a million commensal bacteria. The microenvironment of skin is driven by factors such as pH, temperature, moisture, sebum level, oxidative stress, diet, resident immune cells, and infectious exposure. The skin has a high turnover of cells as it continually bares itself to environmental stresses. Notwithstanding these limitations, it has devised strategies to adapt as a nutrient-scarce site. To perform its protective function efficiently, it relies on mechanisms to continuously remove dead cells without alarming the immune system, actively purging the dying/senescent cells by immunotolerant efferocytosis. Both canonical (starvation-induced, reactive oxygen species, stress, and environmental insults) and non-canonical (selective) autophagy in the skin have evolved to perform astute due-diligence and housekeeping in a quiescent fashion for survival, cellular functioning, homeostasis, and immune tolerance. The autophagic “homeostatic rheostat” works tirelessly to uphold the delicate balance in immunoregulation and tolerance. If this equilibrium is upset, the immune system can wreak havoc and initiate pathogenesis. Out of all the organs, the skin remains under-studied in the context of autophagy. Here, we touch upon some of the salient features of autophagy active in the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payel Sil
- Immunity, Inflammation, and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Sing-Wai Wong
- Immunity, Inflammation, and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC, United States.,Oral and Craniofacial Biomedicine Curriculum, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Jennifer Martinez
- Immunity, Inflammation, and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC, United States
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18
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Mitra R, Le TT, Gorjala P, Goodman OB. Positive regulation of prostate cancer cell growth by lipid droplet forming and processing enzymes DGAT1 and ABHD5. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:631. [PMID: 28877685 PMCID: PMC5588693 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3589-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neoplastic cells proliferate rapidly and obtain requisite building blocks by reprogramming metabolic pathways that favor growth. Previously, we observed that prostate cancer cells uptake and store lipids in the form of lipid droplets, providing building blocks for membrane synthesis, to facilitate proliferation and growth. Mechanisms of lipid uptake, lipid droplet dynamics and their contribution to cancer growth have yet to be defined. This work is focused on elucidating the prostate cancer-specific modifications in lipid storage pathways so that these modified gene products can be identified and therapeutically targeted. Methods To identify genes that promote lipid droplet formation and storage, the expression profiles of candidate genes were assessed and compared between peripheral blood mononuclear cells and prostate cancer cells. Subsequently, differentially expressed genes were inhibited and growth assays performed to elucidate their role in the growth of the cancer cells. Cell cycle, apoptosis and autophagy assays were performed to ascertain the mechanism of growth inhibition. Results Our results indicate that DGAT1, ABHD5, ACAT1 and ATGL are overexpressed in prostate cancer cells compared to PBMCs and of these overexpressed genes, DGAT1 and ABHD5 aid in the growth of the prostate cancer cells. Blocking the expression of both DGAT1 and ABHD5 results in inhibition of growth, cell cycle block and cell death. DGAT1 siRNA treatment inhibits lipid droplet formation and leads to autophagy where as ABHD5 siRNA treatment promotes accumulation of lipid droplets and leads to apoptosis. Both the siRNA treatments reduce AMPK phosphorylation, a key regulator of lipid metabolism. While DGAT1 siRNA reduces phosphorylation of ACC, the rate limiting enzyme in de novo fat synthesis and triggers phosphorylation of raptor and ULK-1 inducing autophagy and cell death, ABHD5 siRNA decreases P70S6 phosphorylation, leading to PARP cleavage, apoptosis and cell death. Interestingly, DGAT-1 is involved in the synthesis of triacylglycerol where as ABHD5 is a hydrolase and participates in the fatty acid oxidation process, yet inhibition of both enzymes similarly promotes prostate cancer cell death. Conclusion Inhibition of either DGAT1 or ABHD5 leads to prostate cancer cell death. Both DGAT1 and ABHD5 can be selectively targeted to block prostate cancer cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjana Mitra
- College of Medicine, Roseman University of Health Sciences, 10530 Discovery drive, Las Vegas, NV, 89135, USA.
| | - Thuc T Le
- College of Medicine, Roseman University of Health Sciences, 10530 Discovery drive, Las Vegas, NV, 89135, USA
| | - Priyatham Gorjala
- College of Medicine, Roseman University of Health Sciences, 10530 Discovery drive, Las Vegas, NV, 89135, USA
| | - Oscar B Goodman
- College of Medicine, Roseman University of Health Sciences, 10530 Discovery drive, Las Vegas, NV, 89135, USA. .,Comprehensive Cancer Centers of Nevada, 9280 W Sunset Road, Las Vegas, NV, 89148, USA.
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19
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Zechner R, Madeo F, Kratky D. Cytosolic lipolysis and lipophagy: two sides of the same coin. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2017; 18:671-684. [DOI: 10.1038/nrm.2017.76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 258] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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20
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Critical roles for α/β hydrolase domain 5 (ABHD5)/comparative gene identification-58 (CGI-58) at the lipid droplet interface and beyond. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2017; 1862:1233-1241. [PMID: 28827091 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2017.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in the gene encoding comparative gene identification 58 (CGI-58), also known as α β hydrolase domain-containing 5 (ABHD5), cause neutral lipid storage disorder with ichthyosis (NLSDI). This inborn error in metabolism is characterized by ectopic accumulation of triacylglycerols (TAG) within cytoplasmic lipid droplets in multiple cell types. Studies over the past decade have clearly demonstrated that CGI-58 is a potent regulator of TAG hydrolysis in the disease-relevant cell types. However, despite the reproducible genetic link between CGI-58 mutations and TAG storage, the molecular mechanisms by which CGI-58 regulates TAG hydrolysis are still incompletely understood. It is clear that CGI-58 can regulate TAG hydrolysis by activating the major TAG hydrolase adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), yet CGI-58 can also regulate lipid metabolism via mechanisms that do not involve ATGL. This review highlights recent progress made in defining the physiologic and biochemical function of CGI-58, and its broader role in energy homeostasis. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Recent Advances in Lipid Droplet Biology edited by Rosalind Coleman and Matthijs Hesselink.
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21
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Zhang YY, Gong JP, Li ZM. Autophagy and hepatic lipid metabolism. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2017; 25:491-497. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v25.i6.491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is initially thought to be a non-selective process in which intracellular proteins or damaged organelles are degraded. It is activated when cells lack nutrients and energy. Autophagy degrades cytoplasmic components within lysosomes and reuses the energy of amino acids to promote cell survival and maintain the cytoplasmic content. Current evidence implicates autophagy in the regulation of lipid stores within the two main organs involved in maintaining lipid homeostasis, the liver and adipose tissue. Upregulation of autophagy may lead to conversion of white adipose tissue into brown adipose tissue, thus regulating energy expenditure and obesity. Discovering new therapeutic interventions to treat lipid and lipoprotein disorders is of great interest and the discovery of autophagy as a regulator of lipid metabolism has opened up a new avenue for this area. In the liver, autophagy can play a role in some common metabolic disorders, which needs further research.
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22
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Morales PE, Bucarey JL, Espinosa A. Muscle Lipid Metabolism: Role of Lipid Droplets and Perilipins. J Diabetes Res 2017; 2017:1789395. [PMID: 28676863 PMCID: PMC5476901 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1789395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is one of the main regulators of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in our organism, and therefore, it is highly susceptible to changes in glucose and fatty acid (FA) availability. Skeletal muscle is an extremely complex tissue: its metabolic capacity depends on the type of fibers it is made up of and the level of stimulation it undergoes, such as acute or chronic contraction. Obesity is often associated with increased FA levels, which leads to the accumulation of toxic lipid intermediates, oxidative stress, and autophagy in skeletal fibers. This lipotoxicity is one of the most common causes of insulin resistance (IR). In this scenario, the "isolation" of certain lipids in specific cell compartments, through the action of the specific lipid droplet, perilipin (PLIN) family of proteins, is conceived as a lifeguard compensatory strategy. In this review, we summarize the cellular mechanism underlying lipid mobilization and metabolism inside skeletal muscle, focusing on the function of lipid droplets, the PLIN family of proteins, and how these entities are modified in exercise, obesity, and IR conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Esteban Morales
- Departamento de Tecnología Médica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jose Luis Bucarey
- CIDIS-AC, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Valparaiso, Valparaiso, Chile
| | - Alejandra Espinosa
- Departamento de Tecnología Médica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- *Alejandra Espinosa:
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Regulation of autophagy by mitochondrial phospholipids in health and diseases. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2016; 1862:114-129. [PMID: 27502688 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2016.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Revised: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved mechanism that maintains nutrient homeostasis by degrading protein aggregates and damaged organelles. Autophagy is reduced in aging, which is implicated in the pathogenesis of aging-related diseases, including cancers, obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and neurodegenerative diseases. Mitochondria-derived phospholipids cardiolipin, phosphatidylethanolamine, and phosphatidylglycerol are critical throughout the autophagic process, from initiation and phagophore formation to elongation and fusion with endolysosomal vesicles. Cardiolipin is also required for mitochondrial fusion and fission, an important step in isolating dysfunctional mitochondria for mitophagy. Furthermore, genetic screen in yeast has identified a surprising role for cardiolipin in regulating lysosomal function. Phosphatidylethanolamine plays a pivotal role in supporting the autophagic process, including autophagosome elongation as part of lipidated Atg8/LC3. An emerging role for phosphatidylglycerol in AMPK and mTORC1 signaling as well as mitochondrial fission may provide the first glimpse into the function of phosphatidylglycerol apart from being a precursor for cardiolipin. This review examines the effects of manipulating phospholipids on autophagy and mitophagy in health and diseases, as well as current limitations in the field. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Lipids of Mitochondria edited by Guenther Daum.
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Khatib A, Arhab Y, Bentebibel A, Abousalham A, Noiriel A. Reassessing the Potential Activities of Plant CGI-58 Protein. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0145806. [PMID: 26745266 PMCID: PMC4706320 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Comparative Gene Identification-58 (CGI-58) is a widespread protein found in animals and plants. This protein has been shown to participate in lipolysis in mice and humans by activating Adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), the initial enzyme responsible for the triacylglycerol (TAG) catabolism cascade. Human mutation of CGI-58 is the cause of Chanarin-Dorfman syndrome, an orphan disease characterized by a systemic accumulation of TAG which engenders tissue disorders. The CGI-58 protein has also been shown to participate in neutral lipid metabolism in plants and, in this case, a mutation again provokes TAG accumulation. Although its roles as an ATGL coactivator and in lipid metabolism are quite clear, the catalytic activity of CGI-58 is still in question. The acyltransferase activities of CGI-58 have been speculated about, reported or even dismissed and experimental evidence that CGI-58 expressed in E. coli possesses an unambiguous catalytic activity is still lacking. To address this problem, we developed a new set of plasmids and site-directed mutants to elucidate the in vivo effects of CGI-58 expression on lipid metabolism in E. coli. By analyzing the lipid composition in selected E. coli strains expressing CGI-58 proteins, and by reinvestigating enzymatic tests with adequate controls, we show here that recombinant plant CGI-58 has none of the proposed activities previously described. Recombinant plant and mouse CGI-58 both lack acyltransferase activity towards either lysophosphatidylglycerol or lysophosphatidic acid to form phosphatidylglycerol or phosphatidic acid and recombinant plant CGI-58 does not catalyze TAG or phospholipid hydrolysis. However, expression of recombinant plant CGI-58, but not mouse CGI-58, led to a decrease in phosphatidylglycerol in all strains of E. coli tested, and a mutation of the putative catalytic residues restored a wild-type phenotype. The potential activities of plant CGI-58 are subsequently discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdallah Khatib
- Institut de Chimie et de Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires UMR 5246 CNRS, Organisation et Dynamique des Membranes Biologiques, Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Yani Arhab
- Institut de Chimie et de Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires UMR 5246 CNRS, Organisation et Dynamique des Membranes Biologiques, Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Assia Bentebibel
- Institut de Chimie et de Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires UMR 5246 CNRS, Organisation et Dynamique des Membranes Biologiques, Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Abdelkarim Abousalham
- Institut de Chimie et de Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires UMR 5246 CNRS, Organisation et Dynamique des Membranes Biologiques, Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Alexandre Noiriel
- Institut de Chimie et de Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires UMR 5246 CNRS, Organisation et Dynamique des Membranes Biologiques, Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
- * E-mail:
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Vijayakumar A, Vijayaraj P, Vijayakumar AK, Rajasekharan R. The Arabidopsis ABHD11 Mutant Accumulates Polar Lipids in Leaves as a Consequence of Absent Acylhydrolase Activity. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 170:180-93. [PMID: 26589672 PMCID: PMC4704602 DOI: 10.1104/pp.15.01615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Alpha/beta hydrolase domain (ABHD)-containing proteins are structurally related with diverse catalytic activities. In various species, some ABHD proteins have been characterized and shown to play roles in lipid homeostasis. However, little is known about ABHD proteins in plants. Here, we characterized AT4G10030 (AtABHD11), an Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) homolog of a human ABHD11 gene. In silico analyses of AtABHD11 revealed homology with other plant species with a conserved GXSXG lipid motif. Interestingly, Arabidopsis abhd11 mutant plants exhibited an enhanced growth rate compared with wild-type plants. Quantitative analyses of the total lipids showed that the mutant abhd11 has a high amount of phospholipid and galactolipid in Arabidopsis leaves. The overexpression of AtABHD11 in Escherichia coli led to a reduction in phospholipid levels. The bacterially expressed recombinant AtABHD11 hydrolyzed lyso(phospho)lipid and monoacylglycerol. Furthermore, using whole-genome microarray and real-time PCR analyses of abhd11 and wild-type plants, we noted the up-regulation of MGD1, -2, and -3 and DGD1. Together, these findings suggested that AtABHD11 is a lyso(phospho)lipase. The disruption of AtABHD11 caused the accumulation of the polar lipids in leaves, which in turn promoted a higher growth rate compared with wild-type plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anitha Vijayakumar
- Lipidomics Centre, Department of Lipid Science (A.V., P.V., R.R.), and Fruit and Vegetable Technology Department (A.K.V.), Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore 570020, India
| | - Panneerselvam Vijayaraj
- Lipidomics Centre, Department of Lipid Science (A.V., P.V., R.R.), and Fruit and Vegetable Technology Department (A.K.V.), Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore 570020, India
| | - Arun Kumar Vijayakumar
- Lipidomics Centre, Department of Lipid Science (A.V., P.V., R.R.), and Fruit and Vegetable Technology Department (A.K.V.), Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore 570020, India
| | - Ram Rajasekharan
- Lipidomics Centre, Department of Lipid Science (A.V., P.V., R.R.), and Fruit and Vegetable Technology Department (A.K.V.), Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore 570020, India
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Overgaard AJ, Weir JM, De Souza DP, Tull D, Haase C, Meikle PJ, Pociot F. Lipidomic and metabolomic characterization of a genetically modified mouse model of the early stages of human type 1 diabetes pathogenesis. Metabolomics 2016; 12:13. [PMID: 26612984 PMCID: PMC4648980 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-015-0889-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The early mechanisms regulating progression towards beta cell failure in type 1 diabetes (T1D) are poorly understood, but it is generally acknowledged that genetic and environmental components are involved. The metabolomic phenotype is sensitive to minor variations in both, and accordingly reflects changes that may lead to the development of T1D. We used two different extraction methods in combination with both liquid- and gas chromatographic techniques coupled to mass spectrometry to profile the metabolites in a transgenic non-diabetes prone C57BL/6 mouse expressing CD154 under the control of the rat insulin promoter (RIP) crossed into the immuno-deficient recombination-activating gene (RAG) knockout (-/-) C57BL/6 mouse, resembling the early stages of human T1D. We hypothesized that alterations in the metabolomic phenotype would characterize the early pathogenesis of T1D, thus metabolomic profiling could provide new insight to the development of T1D. Comparison of the metabolome of the RIP CD154 × RAG-/- mice to RAG-/- mice and C57BL/6 mice revealed alterations of >100 different lipids and metabolites in serum. Low lysophosphatidylcholine levels, accumulation of ceramides as well as methionine deficits were detected in the pre-type 1 diabetic mice. Additionally higher lysophosphatidylinositol levels and low phosphatidylglycerol levels where novel findings in the pre-type 1 diabetic mice. These observations suggest that metabolomic disturbances precede the onset of T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - David Peter De Souza
- Metabolomics Australia, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Dedreia Tull
- Metabolomics Australia, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Peter J. Meikle
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Flemming Pociot
- Pediatric Department, Herlev Hospital, Herlev Ringvej 75, 2730 Herlev, Denmark
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Hofer P, Boeszoermenyi A, Jaeger D, Feiler U, Arthanari H, Mayer N, Zehender F, Rechberger G, Oberer M, Zimmermann R, Lass A, Haemmerle G, Breinbauer R, Zechner R, Preiss-Landl K. Fatty Acid-binding Proteins Interact with Comparative Gene Identification-58 Linking Lipolysis with Lipid Ligand Shuttling. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:18438-53. [PMID: 25953897 PMCID: PMC4513104 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.628958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The coordinated breakdown of intracellular triglyceride (TG) stores requires the exquisitely regulated interaction of lipolytic enzymes with regulatory, accessory, and scaffolding proteins. Together they form a dynamic multiprotein network designated as the “lipolysome.” Adipose triglyceride lipase (Atgl) catalyzes the initiating step of TG hydrolysis and requires comparative gene identification-58 (Cgi-58) as a potent activator of enzyme activity. Here, we identify adipocyte-type fatty acid-binding protein (A-Fabp) and other members of the fatty acid-binding protein (Fabp) family as interaction partners of Cgi-58. Co-immunoprecipitation, microscale thermophoresis, and solid phase assays proved direct protein/protein interaction between A-Fabp and Cgi-58. Using nuclear magnetic resonance titration experiments and site-directed mutagenesis, we located a potential contact region on A-Fabp. In functional terms, A-Fabp stimulates Atgl-catalyzed TG hydrolysis in a Cgi-58-dependent manner. Additionally, transcriptional transactivation assays with a luciferase reporter system revealed that Fabps enhance the ability of Atgl/Cgi-58-mediated lipolysis to induce the activity of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors. Our studies identify Fabps as crucial structural and functional components of the lipolysome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Hofer
- From the Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Andras Boeszoermenyi
- From the Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Doris Jaeger
- From the Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Ursula Feiler
- From the Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Haribabu Arthanari
- the Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Nicole Mayer
- the Institute of Organic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, 8010 Graz, Austria, and
| | | | - Gerald Rechberger
- From the Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Monika Oberer
- From the Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Robert Zimmermann
- From the Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Achim Lass
- From the Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Guenter Haemmerle
- From the Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Rolf Breinbauer
- the Institute of Organic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, 8010 Graz, Austria, and
| | - Rudolf Zechner
- From the Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria,
| | - Karina Preiss-Landl
- From the Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria,
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Xie P, Kadegowda AKG, Ma Y, Guo F, Han X, Wang M, Groban L, Xue B, Shi H, Li H, Yu L. Muscle-specific deletion of comparative gene identification-58 (CGI-58) causes muscle steatosis but improves insulin sensitivity in male mice. Endocrinology 2015; 156:1648-58. [PMID: 25751639 PMCID: PMC4398773 DOI: 10.1210/en.2014-1892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Intramyocellular accumulation of lipids is often associated with insulin resistance. Deficiency of comparative gene identification-58 (CGI-58) causes cytosolic deposition of triglyceride (TG)-rich lipid droplets in most cell types, including muscle due to defective TG hydrolysis. It was unclear, however, whether CGI-58 deficiency-induced lipid accumulation in muscle influences insulin sensitivity. Here we show that muscle-specific CGI-58 knockout mice relative to their controls have increased glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity on a Western-type high-fat diet, despite TG accumulation in both heart and oxidative skeletal muscle and cholesterol deposition in heart. Although the intracardiomyocellular lipid deposition results in cardiac ventricular fibrosis and systolic dysfunction, muscle-specific CGI-58 knockout mice show increased glucose uptake in heart and soleus muscle, improved insulin signaling in insulin-sensitive tissues, and reduced plasma concentrations of glucose, insulin, and cholesterol. Hepatic contents of TG and cholesterol are also decreased in these animals. Cardiac steatosis is attributable, at least in part, to decreases in cardiac TG hydrolase activity and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1-dependent mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation. In conclusion, muscle CGI-58 deficiency causes cardiac dysfunction and fat deposition in oxidative muscles but induces a series of favorable metabolic changes in mice fed a high-fat diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Xie
- Departments of Biochemistry (P.X., Y.M., F.G., L.Y.) and Anesthesiology (L.G.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157; Department of Animal and Avian Sciences (A.K.G.G., Y.M., L.Y.), University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742; Diabetes and Obesity Research Center (X.H., M.W.), Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, Orlando, Florida 32827; Department of Biology (B.X., H.S.), Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303; and The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases (H.L.), Capital Medical University, Ministry of Education, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung, and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing Anzhen Hospital Affiliated the Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
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