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Salluzzo M, Vianello C, Flotta F, Rimondini R, Carboni L. MicroRNAs Associated with IgLON Cell Adhesion Molecule Expression. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:7702-7718. [PMID: 39057097 PMCID: PMC11276434 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46070456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The IgLON family of cell adhesion molecules consists of five members (LSAMP, OPCML, neurotrimin, NEGR1, and IgLON5) discovered as supporters of neuronal development, axon growth and guidance, and synapse formation and maintenance. Tumour suppression properties have recently been emerging based on antiproliferative effects through the modulation of oncogenic pathways. Available evidence endorses a role for non-coding RNAs or microRNAs as relevant controllers of IgLON molecule expression that can impact their critical physiological and pathological roles. Current findings support a function for long non-coding RNAs and microRNAs in the modulation of LSAMP expression in cell senescence, cancer biogenesis, addiction, and pulmonary hypertension. For OPCML, data point to a role for several microRNAs in the control of tumorigenesis. MicroRNAs were detected in neurotrimin-mediated functions in cancer biogenesis and in Schwann cell responses to peripheral nerve injury. For NEGR1, studies have mainly investigated microRNA involvement in neuronal responses to ischaemic injury, although data also exist about tumorigenesis and endothelial cell dysfunction. For IgLON5, information is only available about microRNA involved in myocardial infarction. In conclusion, despite much information being still missing and further research needed, the emerging picture favours a model in which non-coding RNAs exert a crucial role in modulating IgLON expression, ultimately affecting their important physiological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Salluzzo
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Clara Vianello
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 47921 Rimini, Italy;
| | - Francesca Flotta
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (F.F.); (R.R.)
| | - Roberto Rimondini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (F.F.); (R.R.)
| | - Lucia Carboni
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
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Käver L, Hinney A, Rajcsanyi LS, Maier HB, Frieling H, Steiger H, Voelz C, Beyer C, Trinh S, Seitz J. Epigenetic alterations in patients with anorexia nervosa-a systematic review. Mol Psychiatry 2024:10.1038/s41380-024-02601-w. [PMID: 38849516 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-024-02601-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a complex metabolic and psychological disorder that is influenced by both heritable genetic components and environmental factors. Exposure to various environmental influences can lead to epigenetically induced changes in gene expression. Epigenetic research in AN is still in its infancy, and studies to date are limited in determining clear, valid links to disease onset and progression are limited. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review was to compile and critically evaluate the available results of epigenetic studies specifically in AN and to provide recommendations for future studies. In accordance with the PRISMA guidelines, a systematic literature search was performed in three different databases (PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science) through May 2023. Twenty-three original papers or conference abstracts on epigenetic studies in AN were collected. Epigenome-wide association studies (EWASs), which analyze DNA methylation across the genome in patients with AN and identify potential disease-relevant changes in promoter/regulatory regions of genes, are the most promising for future research. To date, five EWASs on AN have been published, suggesting a potential reversibility of malnutrition-induced epigenetic changes once patients recover. Hence, determining differential DNA methylation levels could serve as a biomarker for disease status or early diagnosis and might be involved in disease progression or chronification. For future research, EWASs with a larger sample size, longitudinal study design and uniform methods should be performed to contribute to the understanding of the pathophysiology of AN, the development of individual interventions and a better prognosis for affected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Käver
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Anke Hinney
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Essen, Virchowstrasse 174, 45147, Essen, Germany
- Center for Translational and Behavioral Neuroscience, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Luisa Sophie Rajcsanyi
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Essen, Virchowstrasse 174, 45147, Essen, Germany
- Center for Translational and Behavioral Neuroscience, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Hannah Benedictine Maier
- Department of Psychiatry, Socialpsychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Helge Frieling
- Department of Psychiatry, Socialpsychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Howard Steiger
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 1A1, Canada
| | - Clara Voelz
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Cordian Beyer
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Stefanie Trinh
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jochen Seitz
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, RWTH Aachen University, Neuenhofer Weg 21, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, LVR University Hospital Essen, Virchowstrasse 174, 45147, Essen, Germany
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Pastene D, Lehrer E, Jubes S, Santamaria J, Iranzo A, Gaig C, Vilaseca I. Upper airway manifestations of anti-IgLON5 disease: Otorhinolaryngological point of view. ACTA OTORRINOLARINGOLOGICA ESPANOLA 2024:S2173-5735(24)00051-6. [PMID: 38729239 DOI: 10.1016/j.otoeng.2024.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Anti-IgLON5 disease is a recently described neurological disorder with multisystemic features. The disease is characterized by the presence of IgLON5 antibodies in serum and cerebrospinal fluid. Our objective is to describe in detail the otorhinolaryngological manifestations of this disease, which are frequent and may include dysphagia, dysarthria, vocal cord paralysis and laryngospasm. METHODS In this study, we present a series of 9 patients with anti-IgLON5 disease and otolaryngological manifestations. Patients were evaluated between July 2012 and March 2022 by video-polysomnography, fiber-optic laryngoscopy, and functional endoscopic evaluation of swallowing. RESULTS The median age was 71 years, and 5 (56%) were female. Video-polysomnography showed a NREM/REM parasomnia in 6 patients (67%), obstructive sleep apnea in 8 (88%), stridor during sleep in 7 (78%) and central apneas in 1 (11%). Six out of the 9 patients (67%) presented episodes of acute respiratory failure that required mechanical ventilation, 6 had vocal fold palsy with 4 of them requiring tracheostomy (3 had to be performed on an emergency basis). Dysphagia occurred in 8 patients (89%). Prominent upper airway secretion and sialorrhea was also present in 3 cases. CONCLUSION The anti-IgLON5 disease exhibits extensive otolaryngological symptoms, mainly affecting the upper airway. These symptoms affect the quality of life and can be life-threatening. Prompt acute management is essential for stridor, dyspnea, and dysphagia. Given the potential severity of the symptoms and rarity of the disease, it is important for otolaryngologists to be familiar with anti-IgLON5 disease. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level 4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Pastene
- Otorhinolaryngology Department, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduardo Lehrer
- Otorhinolaryngology Department, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain; Head Neck Cancer Unit, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Surgery and Medical Surgical Specialties, School of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Sara Jubes
- Otorhinolaryngology Department, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Santamaria
- Emeritus consultant and researcher, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona and Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS) Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alex Iranzo
- Neurology Service, Sleep Disorders Center, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERNED, Spain
| | - Carles Gaig
- Neurology Service, Sleep Disorders Center, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERNED, Spain
| | - Isabel Vilaseca
- Otorhinolaryngology Department, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain; Head Neck Cancer Unit, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Surgery and Medical Surgical Specialties, School of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain
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Habicher J, Sanvido I, Bühler A, Sartori S, Piccoli G, Carl M. The Risk Genes for Neuropsychiatric Disorders negr1 and opcml Are Expressed throughout Zebrafish Brain Development. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:363. [PMID: 38540422 PMCID: PMC10969947 DOI: 10.3390/genes15030363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The immunoglobulin LAMP/OBCAM/NTM (IgLON) family of cell adhesion molecules comprises five members known for their involvement in establishing neural circuit connectivity, fine-tuning, and maintenance. Mutations in IgLON genes result in alterations in these processes and can lead to neuropsychiatric disorders. The two IgLON family members NEGR1 and OPCML share common links with several of them, such as schizophrenia, autism, and major depressive disorder. However, the onset and the underlying molecular mechanisms have remained largely unresolved, hampering progress in developing therapies. NEGR1 and OPCML are evolutionarily conserved in teleosts like the zebrafish (Danio rerio), which is excellently suited for disease modelling and large-scale screening for disease-ameliorating compounds. To explore the potential applicability of zebrafish for extending our knowledge on NEGR1- and OPCML-linked disorders and to develop new therapeutic strategies, we investigated the spatio-temporal expression of the two genes during early stages of development. negr1 and opcml are expressed maternally and subsequently in partially distinct domains of conserved brain regions. Other areas of expression in zebrafish have not been reported in mammals to date. Our results indicate that NEGR1 and OPCML may play roles in neural circuit development and function at stages earlier than previously anticipated. A detailed functional analysis of the two genes based on our findings could contribute to understanding the mechanistic basis of related psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Habicher
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology, CIBIO, University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy; (J.H.); (I.S.); (A.B.); (S.S.); (G.P.)
| | - Ilaria Sanvido
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology, CIBIO, University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy; (J.H.); (I.S.); (A.B.); (S.S.); (G.P.)
| | - Anja Bühler
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology, CIBIO, University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy; (J.H.); (I.S.); (A.B.); (S.S.); (G.P.)
- Molecular Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Samuele Sartori
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology, CIBIO, University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy; (J.H.); (I.S.); (A.B.); (S.S.); (G.P.)
| | - Giovanni Piccoli
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology, CIBIO, University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy; (J.H.); (I.S.); (A.B.); (S.S.); (G.P.)
| | - Matthias Carl
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology, CIBIO, University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy; (J.H.); (I.S.); (A.B.); (S.S.); (G.P.)
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Landa J, Serafim AB, Alba M, Maudes E, Molina-Porcel L, Garcia-Serra A, Mannara F, Dalmau J, Graus F, Sabater L. IgLON5 deficiency produces behavioral alterations in a knockout mouse model. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1347948. [PMID: 38370417 PMCID: PMC10869603 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1347948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Anti-IgLON5 disease is a neurological disorder characterized by autoantibodies against IgLON5 and pathological evidence of neurodegeneration. IgLON5 is a cell adhesion molecule of unknown function that is highly expressed in the brain. Our aim was to investigate the impact of IgLON5 loss-of-function in evaluating brain morphology, social behavior, and the development of symptoms observed in an IgLON5 knockout (IgLON5-KO) mouse model. Methods The IgLON5-KO mice were generated using CRISPR-Cas9 technology. Immunohistochemistry on fixed sagittal brain sections and Western blotting brain lysates were used to confirm IgLON5 silencing and to evaluate the presence of other cell surface proteins. Two- month-old IgLON5-KO and wild-type (WT) mice underwent a comprehensive battery of behavioral tests to assess 1) locomotion, 2) memory, 3) anxiety, 4) social interaction, and 5) depressive-like behavior. Brain sections were examined for the presence of anatomical abnormalities and deposits of hyperphosphorylated tau in young adult (2-month-old) and aged (22-month-old) mice. Results Mice did not develop neurological symptoms reminiscent of those seen in patients with anti-IgLON5 disease. Behavioral testing revealed that 2-month-old IgLON5-KO mice showed subtle alterations in motor coordination and balance. IgLON5-KO females exhibited hyperactivity during night and day. Males were observed to have depressive-like behavior and excessive nest-building behavior. Neuropathological studies did not reveal brain morphological alterations or hyperphosphorylated tau deposits. Conclusion IgLON5-KO mice showed subtle alterations in behavior and deficits in fine motor coordination but did not develop the clinical phenotype of anti-IgLON5 disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon Landa
- Neuroimmunology Program, Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona-Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer-Caixa Research Institute (CRI), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Beatriz Serafim
- Neuroimmunology Program, Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona-Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer-Caixa Research Institute (CRI), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercedes Alba
- Neuroimmunology Program, Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona-Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer-Caixa Research Institute (CRI), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Estibaliz Maudes
- Neuroimmunology Program, Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona-Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer-Caixa Research Institute (CRI), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Molina-Porcel
- Alzheimer’s Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Neurological Tissue Bank, Biobanc, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Garcia-Serra
- Neuroimmunology Program, Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona-Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer-Caixa Research Institute (CRI), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesco Mannara
- Neuroimmunology Program, Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona-Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer-Caixa Research Institute (CRI), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Dalmau
- Neuroimmunology Program, Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona-Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer-Caixa Research Institute (CRI), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Graus
- Neuroimmunology Program, Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona-Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer-Caixa Research Institute (CRI), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lidia Sabater
- Neuroimmunology Program, Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona-Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer-Caixa Research Institute (CRI), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
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Lobb-Rabe M, Nawrocka WI, Zhang R, Ashley J, Carrillo RA, Özkan E. Neuronal Wiring Receptors Dprs and DIPs Are GPI Anchored and This Modification Contributes to Their Cell Surface Organization. eNeuro 2024; 11:ENEURO.0184-23.2023. [PMID: 38233143 PMCID: PMC10863630 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0184-23.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The Drosophila Dpr and DIP proteins belong to the immunoglobulin superfamily of cell surface proteins (CSPs). Their hetero- and homophilic interactions have been implicated in a variety of neuronal functions, including synaptic connectivity, cell survival, and axon fasciculation. However, the signaling pathways underlying these diverse functions are unknown. To gain insight into Dpr-DIP signaling, we sought to examine how these CSPs are associated with the membrane. Specifically, we asked whether Dprs and DIPs are integral membrane proteins or membrane anchored through the addition of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) linkage. We demonstrate that most Dprs and DIPs are GPI anchored to the membrane of insect cells and validate these findings for some family members in vivo using Drosophila larvae, where GPI anchor cleavage results in loss of surface labeling. Additionally, we show that GPI cleavage abrogates aggregation of insect cells expressing cognate Dpr-DIP partners. To test if the GPI anchor affects Dpr and DIP localization, we replaced it with a transmembrane domain and observed perturbation of subcellular localization on motor neurons and muscles. These data suggest that membrane anchoring of Dprs and DIPs through GPI linkage is required for localization and that Dpr-DIP intracellular signaling likely requires transmembrane coreceptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meike Lobb-Rabe
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
- Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
- Neuroscience Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | - Wioletta I Nawrocka
- Neuroscience Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
- Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | - Ruiling Zhang
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
- Neuroscience Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
- Committee on Development, Regeneration, and Stem Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | - James Ashley
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
- Neuroscience Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | - Robert A Carrillo
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
- Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
- Neuroscience Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | - Engin Özkan
- Neuroscience Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
- Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
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Salluzzo M, Vianello C, Abdullatef S, Rimondini R, Piccoli G, Carboni L. The Role of IgLON Cell Adhesion Molecules in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1886. [PMID: 37895235 PMCID: PMC10606101 DOI: 10.3390/genes14101886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In the brain, cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) are critical for neurite outgrowth, axonal fasciculation, neuronal survival and migration, and synapse formation and maintenance. Among CAMs, the IgLON family comprises five members: Opioid Binding Protein/Cell Adhesion Molecule Like (OPCML or OBCAM), Limbic System Associated Membrane Protein (LSAMP), neurotrimin (NTM), Neuronal Growth Regulator 1 (NEGR1), and IgLON5. IgLONs exhibit three N-terminal C2 immunoglobulin domains; several glycosylation sites; and a glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchoring to the membrane. Interactions as homo- or heterodimers in cis and in trans, as well as binding to other molecules, appear critical for their functions. Shedding by metalloproteases generates soluble factors interacting with cellular receptors and activating signal transduction. The aim of this review was to analyse the available data implicating a role for IgLONs in neuropsychiatric disorders. Starting from the identification of a pathological role for antibodies against IgLON5 in an autoimmune neurodegenerative disease with a poorly understood mechanism of action, accumulating evidence links IgLONs to neuropsychiatric disorders, albeit with still undefined mechanisms which will require future thorough investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Salluzzo
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Clara Vianello
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (C.V.); (R.R.)
| | - Sandra Abdullatef
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology, University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy; (S.A.); (G.P.)
| | - Roberto Rimondini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (C.V.); (R.R.)
| | - Giovanni Piccoli
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology, University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy; (S.A.); (G.P.)
| | - Lucia Carboni
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
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Pischedda F, Ghirelli A, Tripathi V, Piccoli G. Negr1-Derived Peptides Trigger ALK Degradation and Halt Neuroblastoma Progression In Vitro and In Vivo. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2307. [PMID: 37765276 PMCID: PMC10536585 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15092307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is among the most common childhood cancers. Neuroblastoma in advanced stages is one of the most intractable pediatric cancers, notwithstanding the recent therapeutic advances. ALK mutations are among the leading cause of hereditary neuroblastoma and account for more than 14% of the somatically acquired alterations. ALK kinase activity is currently one of the main targets for pharmacological strategies. However, evidence from ALK fusion-positive lung cancer studies has shown that resistance to ALK inhibition arises during the therapy, causing a relapse within several years. IgLONs are membrane-bound proteins involved in cell-to-cell adhesion. The expression of the IgLON family results altered in different cancers. We found that the IgLON member Negr1 is downregulated in neuroblastoma. The ectopic overexpression of Negr1 impairs neuroblastoma growth in vitro and in vivo. Negr1 exists as a GPI-anchored membrane-bound protein and as a soluble protein released upon metalloprotease cleavage. We generated and characterized a panel of Negr1-derived peptides. The treatment with Negr1 protein and derived peptides induce ALK downregulation and halt neuroblastoma progression in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Giovanni Piccoli
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology—CIBIO, University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy
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Lee J, Kim S, Lee B, Kim YB, Kim KH, Chung G, Lee SJ, Lee S, Sun W, Park HK, Choi SY. Major depression-related factor NEGR1 controls salivary secretion in mouse submandibular glands. iScience 2023; 26:106773. [PMID: 37216094 PMCID: PMC10196562 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Salivary gland cells, which secrete water in response to neuronal stimulation, are closely connected to other neurons. Transcriptomic studies show that salivary glands also express some proteins responsible for neuronal function. However, the physiological functions of these common neuro-exocrine factors in salivary glands are largely unknown. Here, we studied the function of Neuronal growth regulator 1 (NEGR1) in the salivary gland cells. NEGR1 was also expressed in mouse and human salivary glands. The structure of salivary glands of Negr1 knockout (KO) mice was normal. Negr1 KO mice showed tempered carbachol- or thapsigargin-induced intracellular Ca2+ increases and store-operated Ca2+ entry. Of interest, the activity of the large-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channel (BK channel) was increased, whereas Ca2+-activated Cl- channel ANO1 channel activity was not altered in Negr1 KO mice. Pilocarpine- and carbachol-induced salivation was decreased in Negr1 KO mice. These results suggest that NEGR1 influence salivary secretion though the muscarinic Ca2+ signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisoo Lee
- Department of Physiology, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Soohyun Kim
- Department of Physiology, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Boram Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Brain Korea 21 Plus Program for Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo-Bin Kim
- Department of Physiology, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Hwan Kim
- Department of Physiology, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Gehoon Chung
- Department of Physiology, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Joong Lee
- Department of Physiology, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Soojin Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Woong Sun
- Department of Anatomy, Brain Korea 21 Plus Program for Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Kyung Park
- Department of Oral Medicine and Oral Diagnosis, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Young Choi
- Department of Physiology, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
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Landa J, Serafim AB, Gaig C, Saiz A, Koneczny I, Hoftberger R, Santamaria J, Dalmau J, Graus F, Sabater L. Patients' IgLON5 autoantibodies interfere with IgLON5-protein interactions. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1151574. [PMID: 37033996 PMCID: PMC10073962 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1151574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Anti-IgLON5 disease is a rare neurological disorder characterized by autoantibodies against IgLON5, and pathological evidence of neurodegeneration. IgLON5 is a cell adhesion molecule but its physiological function is unknown. Our aim was to investigate the IgLON5 interactome and to determine if IgLON5 antibodies (IgLON5-abs) affect these protein interactions. Methods IgLON5 interactome was investigated by mass spectrometry sequencing of proteins immunoprecipitated by IgLON5 autoantibodies using cultures of rat cerebellar granular neurons (CGNs). Shedding of IgLON5 was explored using HEK cells transfected with human IgLON5 plasmid and in CGNs. Interactions of IgLON5 with identified binding partners and IgLON5-abs effects were confirmed by immunofluorescence in transfected HEK cells and rat hippocampal neurons. Results Patients' IgLON5 antibodies co-precipitated all members of the IgLON family and three 3 additional surface proteins. IgLON5 predominantly establishes homomeric and heteromeric cis (within the cell) and trans (between cells)-interactions with other IgLON family members and undergoes spontaneous ectodomain shedding. Antibodies from patients with anti-IgLON5 disease prevent trans-interactions in hippocampal neurons independently of the IgLON5 IgG subclass distribution. Conclusions We show a potentially novel pathogenic mechanism of IgLON5-abs that consists in blocking IgLON5 interactions with its binding partners. These findings extend our knowledge about the physiological role of IgLON5 and pave the way to future understanding of the pathological mechanisms of anti-IgLON5 disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon Landa
- Neuroimmunology Program, Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona-Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Beatriz Serafim
- Neuroimmunology Program, Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona-Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carles Gaig
- Service of Neurology, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Saiz
- Service of Neurology, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Inga Koneczny
- Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Comprehensive Center for Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Romana Hoftberger
- Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Comprehensive Center for Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Joan Santamaria
- Service of Neurology, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Dalmau
- Neuroimmunology Program, Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona-Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Service of Neurology, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Graus
- Neuroimmunology Program, Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona-Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lidia Sabater
- Neuroimmunology Program, Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona-Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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11
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Duregotti E, Reumiller CM, Mayr U, Hasman M, Schmidt LE, Burnap SA, Theofilatos K, Barallobre-Barreiro J, Beran A, Grandoch M, Viviano A, Jahangiri M, Mayr M. Reduced secretion of neuronal growth regulator 1 contributes to impaired adipose-neuronal crosstalk in obesity. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7269. [PMID: 36433953 PMCID: PMC9700863 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34846-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
While the endocrine function of white adipose tissue has been extensively explored, comparatively little is known about the secretory activity of less-investigated fat depots. Here, we use proteomics to compare the secretory profiles of male murine perivascular depots with those of canonical white and brown fat. Perivascular secretomes show enrichment for neuronal cell-adhesion molecules, reflecting a higher content of intra-parenchymal sympathetic projections compared to other adipose depots. The sympathetic innervation is reduced in the perivascular fat of obese (ob/ob) male mice, as well as in the epicardial fat of patients with obesity. Degeneration of sympathetic neurites is observed in presence of conditioned media of fat explants from ob/ob mice, that show reduced secretion of neuronal growth regulator 1. Supplementation of neuronal growth regulator 1 reverses this neurodegenerative effect, unveiling a neurotrophic role for this protein previously identified as a locus associated with human obesity. As sympathetic stimulation triggers energy-consuming processes in adipose tissue, an impaired adipose-neuronal crosstalk is likely to contribute to the disrupted metabolic homeostasis characterising obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Duregotti
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, London, UK
| | - Christina M Reumiller
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, London, UK
| | - Ursula Mayr
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, London, UK
| | - Maria Hasman
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, London, UK
| | - Lukas E Schmidt
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, London, UK
| | - Sean A Burnap
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, London, UK
| | - Konstantinos Theofilatos
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, London, UK
| | - Javier Barallobre-Barreiro
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, London, UK
| | - Arne Beran
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Maria Grandoch
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Alessandro Viviano
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, St. George's Hospital, University of London, London, UK
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Marjan Jahangiri
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, St. George's Hospital, University of London, London, UK
| | - Manuel Mayr
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, London, UK.
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12
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Behavioral Phenotyping of Bbs6 and Bbs8 Knockout Mice Reveals Major Alterations in Communication and Anxiety. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314506. [PMID: 36498834 PMCID: PMC9741393 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary cilium is an organelle with a central role in cellular signal perception. Mutations in genes that encode cilia-associated proteins result in a collection of human syndromes collectively termed ciliopathies. Of these, the Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) is considered one of the archetypical ciliopathies, as patients exhibit virtually all respective clinical phenotypes, such as pathological changes of the retina or the kidney. However, the behavioral phenotype associated with ciliary dysfunction has received little attention thus far. Here, we extensively characterized the behavior of two rodent models of BBS, Bbs6/Mkks, and Bbs8/Ttc8 knockout mice concerning social behavior, anxiety, and cognitive abilities. While learning tasks remained unaffected due to the genotype, we observed diminished social behavior and altered communication. Additionally, Bbs knockout mice displayed reduced anxiety. This was not due to altered adrenal gland function or corticosterone serum levels. However, hypothalamic expression of Lsamp, the limbic system associated protein, and Adam10, a protease acting on Lsamp, were reduced. This was accompanied by changes in characteristics of adult hypothalamic neurosphere cultures. In conclusion, we provide evidence that behavioral changes in Bbs knockout mice are mainly found in social and anxiety traits and might be based on an altered architecture of the hypothalamus.
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13
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Wang YB, Song NN, Ding YQ, Zhang L. Neural Plasticity and Depression Treatment. IBRO Neurosci Rep 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2022.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2022] Open
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14
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Wright KM, Deighan AG, Di Francesco A, Freund A, Jojic V, Churchill GA, Raj A. Age and diet shape the genetic architecture of body weight in diversity outbred mice. eLife 2022; 11:64329. [PMID: 35838135 PMCID: PMC9286741 DOI: 10.7554/elife.64329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding how genetic variation shapes a complex trait relies on accurately quantifying both the additive genetic and genotype–environment interaction effects in an age-dependent manner. We used a linear mixed model to quantify diet-dependent genetic contributions to body weight measured through adulthood in diversity outbred female mice under five diets. We observed that heritability of body weight declined with age under all diets, except the 40% calorie restriction diet. We identified 14 loci with age-dependent associations and 19 loci with age- and diet-dependent associations, with many diet-dependent loci previously linked to neurological function and behavior in mice or humans. We found their allelic effects to be dynamic with respect to genomic background, age, and diet, identifying several loci where distinct alleles affect body weight at different ages. These results enable us to more fully understand and predict the effectiveness of dietary intervention on overall health throughout age in distinct genetic backgrounds. Body weight is one trait influenced by genes, age and environmental factors. Both internal and external environmental pressures are known to affect genetic variation over time. However, it is largely unknown how all factors – including age – interact to shape metabolism and bodyweight. Wright et al. set out to quantify the interactions between genes and diet in ageing mice and found that the effect of genetics on mouse body weight changes with age. In the experiments, Wright et al. weighed 960 female mice with diverse genetic backgrounds, starting at two months of age into adulthood. The animals were randomized to different diets at six months of age. Some mice had unlimited food access, others received 20% or 40% less calories than a typical mouse diet, and some fasted one or two days per week. Variations in their genetic background explained about 80% of differences in mice’s weight, but the influence of genetics relative to non-genetic factors decreased as they aged. Mice on the 40% calorie restriction diet were an exception to this rule and genetics accounted for 80% of their weight throughout adulthood, likely due to reduced influence from diet and reduced interactions between diet and genes. Several genes involved in metabolism, neurological function, or behavior, were associated with mouse weight. The experiments highlight the importance of considering interactions between genetics, environment, and age in determining complex traits like body weight. The results and the approaches used by Wright et al. may help other scientists learn more about how the genetic predisposition to disease changes with environmental stimuli and age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M Wright
- Calico Life Sciences LLC, South San Francisco, United States
| | | | | | - Adam Freund
- Calico Life Sciences LLC, South San Francisco, United States
| | - Vladimir Jojic
- Calico Life Sciences LLC, South San Francisco, United States
| | | | - Anil Raj
- Calico Life Sciences LLC, South San Francisco, United States
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15
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Gill AJ, Venkatesan A. Pathogenic mechanisms in neuronal surface autoantibody-mediated encephalitis. J Neuroimmunol 2022; 368:577867. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2022.577867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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16
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Chin-Chan M, Montes S, Blanco-Álvarez VM, Aguirre-Alarcón HA, Hernández-Rodríguez I, Bautista E. Relevance of biometals during neuronal differentiation and myelination: in vitro and in vivo studies. Biometals 2022; 35:395-427. [DOI: 10.1007/s10534-022-00380-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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17
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Leyden GM, Shapland CY, Davey Smith G, Sanderson E, Greenwood MP, Murphy D, Richardson TG. Harnessing tissue-specific genetic variation to dissect putative causal pathways between body mass index and cardiometabolic phenotypes. Am J Hum Genet 2022; 109:240-252. [PMID: 35090585 PMCID: PMC8874216 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2021.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Body mass index (BMI) is a complex disease risk factor known to be influenced by genes acting via both metabolic pathways and appetite regulation. In this study, we aimed to gain insight into the phenotypic consequences of BMI-associated genetic variants, which may be mediated by their expression in different tissues. First, we harnessed meta-analyzed gene expression datasets derived from subcutaneous adipose (n = 1257) and brain (n = 1194) tissue to identify 86 and 140 loci, respectively, which provided evidence of genetic colocalization with BMI. These two sets of tissue-partitioned loci had differential effects with respect to waist-to-hip ratio, suggesting that the way they influence fat distribution might vary despite their having very similar average magnitudes of effect on BMI itself (adipose = 0.0148 and brain = 0.0149 standard deviation change in BMI per effect allele). For instance, BMI-associated variants colocalized with TBX15 expression in adipose tissue (posterior probability [PPA] = 0.97), but not when we used TBX15 expression data derived from brain tissue (PPA = 0.04) This gene putatively influences BMI via its role in skeletal development. Conversely, there were loci where BMI-associated variants provided evidence of colocalization with gene expression in brain tissue (e.g., NEGR1, PPA = 0.93), but not when we used data derived from adipose tissue, suggesting that these genes might be more likely to influence BMI via energy balance. Leveraging these tissue-partitioned variant sets through a multivariable Mendelian randomization framework provided strong evidence that the brain-tissue-derived variants are predominantly responsible for driving the genetically predicted effects of BMI on cardiovascular-disease endpoints (e.g., coronary artery disease: odds ratio = 1.05, 95% confidence interval = 1.04-1.07, p = 4.67 × 10-14). In contrast, our analyses suggested that the adipose tissue variants might predominantly be responsible for the underlying relationship between BMI and measures of cardiac function, such as left ventricular stroke volume (beta = 0.21, 95% confidence interval = 0.09-0.32, p = 6.43 × 10-4).
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Affiliation(s)
- Genevieve M Leyden
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Bristol Population Health Science Institute, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, United Kingdom; Bristol Medical School: Translational Health Sciences, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS1 3NY, United Kingdom.
| | - Chin Yang Shapland
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Bristol Population Health Science Institute, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, United Kingdom
| | - George Davey Smith
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Bristol Population Health Science Institute, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, United Kingdom
| | - Eleanor Sanderson
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Bristol Population Health Science Institute, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, United Kingdom
| | - Michael P Greenwood
- Bristol Medical School: Translational Health Sciences, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS1 3NY, United Kingdom
| | - David Murphy
- Bristol Medical School: Translational Health Sciences, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS1 3NY, United Kingdom
| | - Tom G Richardson
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Bristol Population Health Science Institute, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, United Kingdom; Novo Nordisk Research Centre, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7FZ, United Kingdom.
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18
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Macher S, Milenkovic I, Zrzavy T, Höftberger R, Seidel S, Berger-Sieczkowski E, Berger T, Rommer PS, Wiest G. Ocular Motor Abnormalities in Anti-IgLON5 Disease. Front Immunol 2021; 12:753856. [PMID: 34659261 PMCID: PMC8514941 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.753856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Anti-IgLON5 disease forms an interface between neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration and includes clinical phenotypes that are often similar to those of neurodegenerative diseases. An early diagnosis of patients with anti-IgLON5 disease and differentiation from neurodegenerative diseases is necessary and may have therapeutic implications. Methods In our small sample size study we investigated oculomotor function as a differentiating factor between anti-IgLON5 disease and neurodegenerative disorders. We examined ocular motor and vestibular function in four patients suffering from anti-IgLON5 disease using video-oculography (VOG) and a computer-controlled rotational chair system (sampling rate 60 Hz) and compared the data with those from ten age-matched patients suffering from progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and healthy controls (CON). Results Patients suffering from anti-IgLON5 disease differed from PSP most strikingly in terms of saccade velocity and accuracy, the presence of square wave jerks (SWJ) (anti-IgLON5 0/4 vs. PSP 9/10) and the clinical finding of supranuclear gaze palsy (anti-IgLON5 1/4). The presence of nystagmus, analysis of smooth pursuit eye movements, VOR and VOR suppression was reliable to differentiate between the two disease entities. Clear differences in all parameters, although not always significant, were found between all patients and CON. Discussion We conclude that the use of VOG as a tool for clinical neurophysiological assessment can be helpful in differentiating between patients with PSP and patients with anti-IgLON5 disease. VOG could have particular value in patients with suspected PSP and lack of typical Parkinson’s characteristics. future trials are indispensable to assess the potential of oculomotor function as a biomarker in anti-IgLON5 disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Macher
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ivan Milenkovic
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tobias Zrzavy
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Romana Höftberger
- Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Seidel
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Thomas Berger
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Paulus S Rommer
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerald Wiest
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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19
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Spatiotemporal expression of IgLON family members in the developing mouse nervous system. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19536. [PMID: 34599206 PMCID: PMC8486791 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97768-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Differential expression of cell adhesion molecules in neuronal populations is one of the many mechanisms promoting the formation of functional neural circuits in the developing nervous system. The IgLON family consists of five cell surface immunoglobulin proteins that have been associated with various developmental disorders, such as autism spectrum disorder, schizophrenia, and major depressive disorder. However, there is still limited and fragmented information about their patterns of expression in certain regions of the developing nervous system and how their expression contributes to their function. Utilizing an in situ hybridization approach, we have analyzed the spatiotemporal expression of all IgLON family members in the developing mouse brain, spinal cord, eye, olfactory epithelium, and vomeronasal organ. At one prenatal (E16) and two postnatal (P0 and P15) ages, we show that each IgLON displays distinct expression patterns in the olfactory system, cerebral cortex, midbrain, cerebellum, spinal cord, and eye, indicating that they likely contribute to the wiring of specific neuronal circuitry. These analyses will inform future functional studies aimed at identifying additional roles for these proteins in nervous system development.
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20
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McDonough CW, Warren HR, Jack JR, Motsinger-Reif AA, Armstrong ND, Bis JC, House JS, Singh S, El Rouby NM, Gong Y, Mychaleckyj JC, Rotroff DM, Benavente OR, Caulfield MJ, Doria A, Pepine CJ, Psaty BM, Glorioso V, Glorioso N, Hiltunen TP, Kontula KK, Arnett DK, Buse JB, Irvin MR, Johnson JA, Munroe PB, Wagner MJ, Cooper-DeHoff RM. Adverse Cardiovascular Outcomes and Antihypertensive Treatment: A Genome-Wide Interaction Meta-Analysis in the International Consortium for Antihypertensive Pharmacogenomics Studies. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2021; 110:723-732. [PMID: 34231218 PMCID: PMC8672325 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.2355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
We sought to identify genome-wide variants influencing antihypertensive drug response and adverse cardiovascular outcomes, utilizing data from four randomized controlled trials in the International Consortium for Antihypertensive Pharmacogenomics Studies (ICAPS). Genome-wide antihypertensive drug-single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) interaction tests for four drug classes (β-blockers, n = 9,195; calcium channel blockers (CCBs), n = 10,511; thiazide/thiazide-like diuretics, n = 3,516; ACE-inhibitors/ARBs, n = 2,559) and cardiovascular outcomes (incident myocardial infarction, stroke, or death) were analyzed among patients with hypertension of European ancestry. Top SNPs from the meta-analyses were tested for replication of cardiovascular outcomes in an independent Cohorts for Heart and Aging Research in Genomic Epidemiology (CHARGE) study (n = 21,267), blood pressure (BP) response in independent ICAPS studies (n = 1,552), and ethnic validation in African Americans from the Genetics of Hypertension Associated Treatment study (GenHAT; n = 5,115). One signal reached genome-wide significance in the β-blocker-SNP interaction analysis (rs139945292, Interaction P = 1.56 × 10-8 ). rs139945292 was validated through BP response to β-blockers, with the T-allele associated with less BP reduction (systolic BP response P = 6 × 10-4 , Beta = 3.09, diastolic BP response P = 5 × 10-3 , Beta = 1.53). The T-allele was also associated with increased adverse cardiovascular risk within the β-blocker treated patients' subgroup (P = 2.35 × 10-4 , odds ratio = 1.57, 95% confidence interval = 1.23-1.99). The locus showed nominal replication in CHARGE, and consistent directional trends in β-blocker treated African Americans. rs139945292 is an expression quantitative trait locus for the 50 kb upstream gene NTM (neurotrimin). No SNPs attained genome-wide significance for any other drugs classes. Top SNPs were located near CALB1 (CCB), FLJ367777 (ACE-inhibitor), and CES5AP1 (thiazide). The NTM region is associated with increased risk for adverse cardiovascular outcomes and less BP reduction in β-blocker treated patients. Further investigation into this region is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitrin W. McDonough
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research and Center for Pharmacogenomics and Precision Medicine, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Helen R. Warren
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Centre, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - John R. Jack
- Bioinformatics Research Center, Department of Statistics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Alison A. Motsinger-Reif
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Nicole D. Armstrong
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Joshua C. Bis
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - John S. House
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Sonal Singh
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research and Center for Pharmacogenomics and Precision Medicine, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Nihal M. El Rouby
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research and Center for Pharmacogenomics and Precision Medicine, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Yan Gong
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research and Center for Pharmacogenomics and Precision Medicine, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Joesyf C. Mychaleckyj
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Daniel M. Rotroff
- Bioinformatics Research Center, Department of Statistics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Oscar R. Benavente
- Department of Neurology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Mark J. Caulfield
- National Institute for Health Research, Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Center, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Alessandrio Doria
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center; and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Carl J. Pepine
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Bruce M. Psaty
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Valeria Glorioso
- Department of Statistics and Quantitative Methods, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Nicola Glorioso
- Department of Clinical, Surgical and Experimental Science, University of Sassari, Medical School, Sassari, Italy
| | - Timo P. Hiltunen
- Department of Medicine and Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kimmo K. Kontula
- Department of Medicine and Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Donna K. Arnett
- College of Public Health, Dean’s Office, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - John B. Buse
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Marguerite R. Irvin
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Julie A. Johnson
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research and Center for Pharmacogenomics and Precision Medicine, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Patricia B. Munroe
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Centre, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Michael J. Wagner
- Center for Pharmacogenomics and Individualized Therapy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Rhonda M. Cooper-DeHoff
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research and Center for Pharmacogenomics and Precision Medicine, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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Vuong HE, Coley EJL, Kazantsev M, Cooke ME, Rendon TK, Paramo J, Hsiao EY. Interactions between maternal fluoxetine exposure, the maternal gut microbiome and fetal neurodevelopment in mice. Behav Brain Res 2021; 410:113353. [PMID: 33979656 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are the most widely used treatment by women experiencing depression during pregnancy. However, the effects of maternal SSRI use on early offspring development remain poorly understood. Recent studies suggest that SSRIs can modify the gut microbiota and interact directly with particular gut bacteria, raising the question of whether the gut microbiome impacts host responses to SSRIs. In this study, we investigate effects of prenatal SSRI exposure on fetal neurodevelopment and further evaluate potential modulatory influences of the maternal gut microbiome. We demonstrate that maternal treatment with the SSRI fluoxetine induces widespread alterations in the fetal brain transcriptome during midgestation, including increases in the expression of genes relevant to synaptic organization and neuronal signaling and decreases in the expression of genes related to DNA replication and mitosis. Notably, maternal fluoxetine treatment from E7.5 to E14.5 has no overt effects on the composition of the maternal gut microbiota. However, maternal pretreatment with antibiotics to deplete the gut microbiome substantially modifies transcriptional responses of the fetal brain to maternal fluoxetine treatment. In particular, maternal fluoxetine treatment elevates localized expression of the opioid binding protein/cell adhesion molecule like gene Opcml in the fetal thalamus and lateral ganglionic eminence, which is prevented by maternal antibiotic treatment. Together, these findings reveal that maternal fluoxetine treatment alters gene expression in the fetal brain through pathways that are impacted, at least in part, by the presence of the maternal gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen E Vuong
- Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| | - Elena J L Coley
- Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Maria Kazantsev
- Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Michaela E Cooke
- Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Tomiko K Rendon
- Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Jorge Paramo
- Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Elaine Y Hsiao
- Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
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22
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Jagomäe T, Singh K, Philips MA, Jayaram M, Seppa K, Tekko T, Gilbert SF, Vasar E, Lilleväli K. Alternative Promoter Use Governs the Expression of IgLON Cell Adhesion Molecules in Histogenetic Fields of the Embryonic Mouse Brain. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6955. [PMID: 34203377 PMCID: PMC8268470 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The members of the IgLON superfamily of cell adhesion molecules facilitate fundamental cellular communication during brain development, maintain functional brain circuitry, and are associated with several neuropsychiatric disorders such as depression, autism, schizophrenia, and intellectual disabilities. Usage of alternative promoter-specific 1a and 1b mRNA isoforms in Lsamp, Opcml, Ntm, and the single promoter of Negr1 in the mouse and human brain has been previously described. To determine the precise spatiotemporal expression dynamics of Lsamp, Opcml, Ntm isoforms, and Negr1, in the developing brain, we generated isoform-specific RNA probes and carried out in situ hybridization in the developing (embryonic, E10.5, E11.5, 13.5, 17; postnatal, P0) and adult mouse brains. We show that promoter-specific expression of IgLONs is established early during pallial development (at E10.5), where it remains throughout its differentiation through adulthood. In the diencephalon, midbrain, and hindbrain, strong expression patterns are initiated a few days later and begin fading after birth, being only faintly expressed during adulthood. Thus, the expression of specific IgLONs in the developing brain may provide the means for regionally specific functionality as well as for specific regional vulnerabilities. The current study will therefore improve the understanding of how IgLON genes are implicated in the development of neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toomas Jagomäe
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, 19 Ravila Street, 50411 Tartu, Estonia; (T.J.); (M.-A.P.); (M.J.); (K.S.); (E.V.); (K.L.)
- Centre of Excellence in Genomics and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, 50090 Tartu, Estonia
- Laboratory Animal Centre, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, 14B Ravila Street, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Katyayani Singh
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, 19 Ravila Street, 50411 Tartu, Estonia; (T.J.); (M.-A.P.); (M.J.); (K.S.); (E.V.); (K.L.)
- Centre of Excellence in Genomics and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, 50090 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Mari-Anne Philips
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, 19 Ravila Street, 50411 Tartu, Estonia; (T.J.); (M.-A.P.); (M.J.); (K.S.); (E.V.); (K.L.)
- Centre of Excellence in Genomics and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, 50090 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Mohan Jayaram
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, 19 Ravila Street, 50411 Tartu, Estonia; (T.J.); (M.-A.P.); (M.J.); (K.S.); (E.V.); (K.L.)
- Centre of Excellence in Genomics and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, 50090 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Kadri Seppa
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, 19 Ravila Street, 50411 Tartu, Estonia; (T.J.); (M.-A.P.); (M.J.); (K.S.); (E.V.); (K.L.)
- Centre of Excellence in Genomics and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, 50090 Tartu, Estonia
- Laboratory Animal Centre, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, 14B Ravila Street, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Triin Tekko
- The Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Rua da Quinta Grande 6, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal;
| | - Scott F. Gilbert
- Department of Biology, Swarthmore College, Swarthmore, PA 19081, USA;
| | - Eero Vasar
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, 19 Ravila Street, 50411 Tartu, Estonia; (T.J.); (M.-A.P.); (M.J.); (K.S.); (E.V.); (K.L.)
- Centre of Excellence in Genomics and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, 50090 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Kersti Lilleväli
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, 19 Ravila Street, 50411 Tartu, Estonia; (T.J.); (M.-A.P.); (M.J.); (K.S.); (E.V.); (K.L.)
- Centre of Excellence in Genomics and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, 50090 Tartu, Estonia
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23
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Bornstein B, Meltzer H, Adler R, Alyagor I, Berkun V, Cummings G, Reh F, Keren‐Shaul H, David E, Riemensperger T, Schuldiner O. Transneuronal Dpr12/DIP-δ interactions facilitate compartmentalized dopaminergic innervation of Drosophila mushroom body axons. EMBO J 2021; 40:e105763. [PMID: 33847376 PMCID: PMC8204868 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2020105763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms controlling wiring of neuronal networks are not completely understood. The stereotypic architecture of the Drosophila mushroom body (MB) offers a unique system to study circuit assembly. The adult medial MB γ-lobe is comprised of a long bundle of axons that wire with specific modulatory and output neurons in a tiled manner, defining five distinct zones. We found that the immunoglobulin superfamily protein Dpr12 is cell-autonomously required in γ-neurons for their developmental regrowth into the distal γ4/5 zones, where both Dpr12 and its interacting protein, DIP-δ, are enriched. DIP-δ functions in a subset of dopaminergic neurons that wire with γ-neurons within the γ4/5 zone. During metamorphosis, these dopaminergic projections arrive to the γ4/5 zone prior to γ-axons, suggesting that γ-axons extend through a prepatterned region. Thus, Dpr12/DIP-δ transneuronal interaction is required for γ4/5 zone formation. Our study sheds light onto molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying circuit formation within subcellular resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bavat Bornstein
- Department of Molecular Cell BiologyWeizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | - Hagar Meltzer
- Department of Molecular Cell BiologyWeizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | - Ruth Adler
- Department of Molecular Cell BiologyWeizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | - Idan Alyagor
- Department of Molecular Cell BiologyWeizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | - Victoria Berkun
- Department of Molecular Cell BiologyWeizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | - Gideon Cummings
- Department of Molecular Cell BiologyWeizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | - Fabienne Reh
- Institute of ZoologyUniversity of CologneKölnGermany
| | - Hadas Keren‐Shaul
- Department of ImmunologyWeizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
- Life Science Core FacilityWeizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | - Eyal David
- Department of ImmunologyWeizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | | | - Oren Schuldiner
- Department of Molecular Cell BiologyWeizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
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24
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Dall’Aglio L, Lewis CM, Pain O. Delineating the Genetic Component of Gene Expression in Major Depression. Biol Psychiatry 2021; 89:627-636. [PMID: 33279206 PMCID: PMC7886308 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2020.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depression (MD) is determined by a multitude of factors including genetic risk variants that regulate gene expression. We examined the genetic component of gene expression in MD by performing a transcriptome-wide association study (TWAS), inferring gene expression-trait relationships from genetic, transcriptomic, and phenotypic information. METHODS Genes differentially expressed in depression were identified with the TWAS FUSION method, based on summary statistics from the largest genome-wide association analysis of MD (n = 135,458 cases, n = 344,901 controls) and gene expression levels from 21 tissue datasets (brain; blood; thyroid, adrenal, and pituitary glands). Follow-up analyses were performed to extensively characterize the identified associations: colocalization, conditional, and fine-mapping analyses together with TWAS-based pathway investigations. RESULTS Transcriptome-wide significant differences between cases and controls were found at 94 genes, approximately half of which were novel. Of the 94 significant genes, 6 represented strong, colocalized, and potentially causal associations with depression. Such high-confidence associations include NEGR1, CTC-467M3.3, TMEM106B, LRFN5, ESR2, and PROX2. Lastly, TWAS-based enrichment analysis highlighted dysregulation of gene sets for, among others, neuronal and synaptic processes. CONCLUSIONS This study sheds further light on the genetic component of gene expression in depression by characterizing the identified associations, unraveling novel risk genes, and determining which associations are congruent with a causal model. These findings can be used as a resource for prioritizing and designing subsequent functional studies of MD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenza Dall’Aglio
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands,Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cathryn M. Lewis
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom,Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Oliver Pain
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
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25
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Lim JH, Beg MMA, Ahmad K, Shaikh S, Ahmad SS, Chun HJ, Choi D, Lee WJ, Jin JO, Kim J, Jan AT, Lee EJ, Choi I. IgLON5 Regulates the Adhesion and Differentiation of Myoblasts. Cells 2021; 10:417. [PMID: 33671182 PMCID: PMC7922608 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
IgLON5 is a cell adhesion protein belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily and has important cellular functions. The objective of this study was to determine the role played by IgLON5 during myogenesis. We found IgLON5 expression progressively increased in C2C12 myoblasts during transition from the adhesion to differentiation stage. IgLON5 knockdown (IgLON5kd) cells exhibited reduced cell adhesion, myotube formation, and maturation and reduced expressions of different types of genes, including those coding for extracellular matrix (ECM) components (COL1a1, FMOD, DPT, THBS1), cell membrane proteins (ITM2a, CDH15), and cytoskeletal protein (WASP). Furthermore, decreased IgLON5 expression in FMODkd, DPTkd, COL1a1kd, and ITM2akd cells suggested that IgLON5 and these genes mutually control gene expression during myogenesis. IgLON5 immunoneutralization resulted in significant reduction in the protein level of myogenic markers (MYOD, MYOG, MYL2). IgLON5 expression was higher in the CTX-treated gastrocnemius mice muscles (day 7), which confirmed increase expression of IgLON5 during muscle. Collectively, these results suggest IgLON5 plays an important role in myogenesis, muscle regeneration, and that proteins in ECM and myoblast membranes form an interactive network that establishes an essential microenvironment that ensures muscle stem cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Ho Lim
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea; (J.H.L.); (M.M.A.B.); (S.S.); (S.S.A.); (H.J.C.); (D.C.); (J.-O.J.); (J.K.)
| | - Mirza Masroor Ali Beg
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea; (J.H.L.); (M.M.A.B.); (S.S.); (S.S.A.); (H.J.C.); (D.C.); (J.-O.J.); (J.K.)
| | - Khurshid Ahmad
- Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea;
| | - Sibhghatulla Shaikh
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea; (J.H.L.); (M.M.A.B.); (S.S.); (S.S.A.); (H.J.C.); (D.C.); (J.-O.J.); (J.K.)
- Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea;
| | - Syed Sayeed Ahmad
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea; (J.H.L.); (M.M.A.B.); (S.S.); (S.S.A.); (H.J.C.); (D.C.); (J.-O.J.); (J.K.)
- Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea;
| | - Hee Jin Chun
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea; (J.H.L.); (M.M.A.B.); (S.S.); (S.S.A.); (H.J.C.); (D.C.); (J.-O.J.); (J.K.)
| | - Dukhwan Choi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea; (J.H.L.); (M.M.A.B.); (S.S.); (S.S.A.); (H.J.C.); (D.C.); (J.-O.J.); (J.K.)
| | - Woo-Jong Lee
- Biomedical Manufacturing Technology Center, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Yeongcheon 38822, Korea;
| | - Jun-O Jin
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea; (J.H.L.); (M.M.A.B.); (S.S.); (S.S.A.); (H.J.C.); (D.C.); (J.-O.J.); (J.K.)
- Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea;
| | - Jihoe Kim
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea; (J.H.L.); (M.M.A.B.); (S.S.); (S.S.A.); (H.J.C.); (D.C.); (J.-O.J.); (J.K.)
- Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea;
| | - Arif Tasleem Jan
- School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri 185234, India;
| | - Eun Ju Lee
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea; (J.H.L.); (M.M.A.B.); (S.S.); (S.S.A.); (H.J.C.); (D.C.); (J.-O.J.); (J.K.)
- Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea;
| | - Inho Choi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea; (J.H.L.); (M.M.A.B.); (S.S.); (S.S.A.); (H.J.C.); (D.C.); (J.-O.J.); (J.K.)
- Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea;
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Venkannagari H, Kasper JM, Misra A, Rush SA, Fan S, Lee H, Sun H, Seshadrinathan S, Machius M, Hommel JD, Rudenko G. Highly Conserved Molecular Features in IgLONs Contrast Their Distinct Structural and Biological Outcomes. J Mol Biol 2020; 432:5287-5303. [PMID: 32710982 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2020.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Neuronal growth regulator 1 (NEGR1) and neurotrimin (NTM) are abundant cell-surface proteins found in the brain and form part of the IgLON (Immunoglobulin LSAMP, OBCAM, Neurotrimin) family. In humans, NEGR1 is implicated in obesity and mental disorders, while NTM is linked to intelligence and cognitive function. IgLONs dimerize homophilically and heterophilically, and they are thought to shape synaptic connections and neural circuits by acting in trans (spanning cellular junctions) and/or in cis (at the same side of a junction). Here, we reveal homodimeric structures of NEGR1 and NTM. They assemble into V-shaped complexes via their Ig1 domains, and disruption of the Ig1-Ig1 interface abolishes dimerization in solution. A hydrophobic ridge from one Ig1 domain inserts into a hydrophobic pocket from the opposing Ig1 domain producing an interaction interface that is highly conserved among IgLONs but remarkably plastic structurally. Given the high degree of sequence conservation at the interaction interface, we tested whether different IgLONs could elicit the same biological effect in vivo. In a small-scale study administering different soluble IgLONs directly into the brain and monitoring feeding, only NEGR1 altered food intake significantly. Taking NEGR1 as a prototype, our studies thus indicate that while IgLONs share a conserved mode of interaction and are able to bind each other as homomers and heteromers, they are structurally plastic and can exert unique biological action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harikanth Venkannagari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; Sealy Center for Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - James M Kasper
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; Center for Addiction Research, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Anurag Misra
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; Sealy Center for Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Scott A Rush
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; Sealy Center for Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Shanghua Fan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; Sealy Center for Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Hubert Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; Sealy Center for Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Hong Sun
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; Center for Addiction Research, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Suchithra Seshadrinathan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; Sealy Center for Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Mischa Machius
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; Sealy Center for Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Jonathan D Hommel
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; Center for Addiction Research, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Gabby Rudenko
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; Sealy Center for Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; Center for Addiction Research, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
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27
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Rafikova EI, Ryskov AP, Vasilyev VA. Genetics of Depressive Disorders: Candidate Genes and Genome-Wide Association Studies. RUSS J GENET+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795420080116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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28
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Depression-Associated Gene Negr1-Fgfr2 Pathway Is Altered by Antidepressant Treatment. Cells 2020; 9:cells9081818. [PMID: 32751911 PMCID: PMC7464991 DOI: 10.3390/cells9081818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Negr1 gene has been significantly associated with major depression in genetic studies. Negr1 encodes for a cell adhesion molecule cleaved by the protease Adam10, thus activating Fgfr2 and promoting neuronal spine plasticity. We investigated whether antidepressants modulate the expression of genes belonging to Negr1-Fgfr2 pathway in Flinders sensitive line (FSL) rats, in a corticosterone-treated mouse model of depression, and in mouse primary neurons. Negr1 and Adam10 were the genes mostly affected by antidepressant treatment, and in opposite directions. Negr1 was down-regulated by escitalopram in the hypothalamus of FSL rats, by fluoxetine in the hippocampal dentate gyrus of corticosterone-treated mice, and by nortriptyline in hippocampal primary neurons. Adam10 mRNA was increased by nortriptyline administration in the hypothalamus, by escitalopram in the hippocampus of FSL rats, and by fluoxetine in mouse dorsal dentate gyrus. Similarly, nortriptyline increased Adam10 expression in hippocampal cultures. Fgfr2 expression was increased by nortriptyline in the hypothalamus of FSL rats and in hippocampal neurons. Lsamp, another IgLON family protein, increased in mouse dentate gyrus after fluoxetine treatment. These findings suggest that Negr1-Fgfr2 pathway plays a role in the modulation of synaptic plasticity induced by antidepressant treatment to promote therapeutic efficacy by rearranging connectivity in corticolimbic circuits impaired in depression.
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Integrating genome-wide association study and expression quantitative trait loci data identifies NEGR1 as a causal risk gene of major depression disorder. J Affect Disord 2020; 265:679-686. [PMID: 32090785 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.11.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified several genetic variants associated with major depression disorder (MDD). However, pinpointing the causal variants which are responsible for the association signal at a risk locus remains a major challenge. METHODS We used Summary data-based Mendelian Randomization (SMR) with Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (PGC) GWAS summary and brain expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) data to identify genes whose expression levels are causally associated with MDD. Then we performed differential expression analysis, methylation quantitative trait loci analysis, and cognitive genetics analysis to investigate the potential roles of risk genes in the pathogenesis of MDD. RESULTS Through SMR integrative analysis, we identified the SNP rs10789336 located in Neuronal growth regulator 1 (NEGR1) gene significantly affected the expression level of RPL31P12 in brain tissues and contributed to the risk of MDD (P = 1.96 × 10-6). Consistently, the SNP rs10789336 was associated with the methylation levels of three nearby DNA methylation sites, including cg09256413 (NEGR1, P=1.72 × 10-10), cg11418303 (prostaglandin E receptor 3 [PTGER3], P = 4.78 × 10-6), and cg23032215 (ZRANB2 antisense RNA 2 [ZRANB2-AS2], P = 1.23 × 10-4). Differential expression analysis suggested that the NEGR1 gene was upregulated in prefrontal cortex (P = 5.14 × 10-3). Cognitive genetics analysis showed that the SNP rs10789336 was associated with cognitive performance (P = 2.41 × 10-16), educational attainment (P = 1.75 × 10-14), general cognitive function (P = 2.65 × 10-12), and verbal numerical reasoning (P = 1.36 × 10-12). CONCLUSION Collectively, our results revealed that the SNP rs10789336 in NEGR1 might confer risk to MDD. Further investigation of the roles of NEGR1 in the pathogenesis of MDD is warranted.
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30
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Maul S, Giegling I, Fabbri C, Corponi F, Serretti A, Rujescu D. Genetics of resilience: Implications from genome-wide association studies and candidate genes of the stress response system in posttraumatic stress disorder and depression. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2020; 183:77-94. [PMID: 31583809 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Resilience is the ability to cope with critical situations through the use of personal and socially mediated resources. Since a lack of resilience increases the risk of developing stress-related psychiatric disorders such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and major depressive disorder (MDD), a better understanding of the biological background is of great value to provide better prevention and treatment options. Resilience is undeniably influenced by genetic factors, but very little is known about the exact underlying mechanisms. A recently published genome-wide association study (GWAS) on resilience has identified three new susceptibility loci, DCLK2, KLHL36, and SLC15A5. Further interesting results can be found in association analyses of gene variants of the stress response system, which is closely related to resilience, and PTSD and MDD. Several promising genes, such as the COMT (catechol-O-methyltransferase) gene, the serotonin transporter gene (SLC6A4), and neuropeptide Y (NPY) suggest gene × environment interaction between genetic variants, childhood adversity, and the occurrence of PTSD and MDD, indicating an impact of these genes on resilience. GWAS on PTSD and MDD provide another approach to identifying new disease-associated loci and, although the functional significance for disease development for most of these risk genes is still unknown, they are potential candidates due to the overlap of stress-related psychiatric disorders and resilience. In the future, it will be important for genetic studies to focus more on resilience than on pathological phenotypes, to develop reasonable concepts for measuring resilience, and to establish international cooperations to generate sufficiently large samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Maul
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Ina Giegling
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Chiara Fabbri
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Filippo Corponi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandro Serretti
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Dan Rujescu
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
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31
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Noh K, Park JC, Han JS, Lee SJ. From Bound Cells Comes a Sound Mind: The Role of Neuronal Growth Regulator 1 in Psychiatric Disorders. Exp Neurobiol 2020; 29:1-10. [PMID: 32122104 PMCID: PMC7075657 DOI: 10.5607/en.2020.29.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-to-cell adhesion is important for maintenance of brain structure and function. Abnormal neuronal cell adhesion and loss of its connectivity are considered a main cause of psychiatric disorders such as major depressive disorder (MDD). Various cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) are involved in neuronal cell adhesions and thereby affect brain functions such as learning and memory, cognitive functions, and psychiatric functions. Compared with other CAMs, neuronal growth regulator 1 (Negr1) has a distinct functioning mechanism in terms of its cross-talk with cytokine receptor signaling. Negr1 is a member of the immunoglobulin LON (IgLON) family of proteins and is involved in neuronal outgrowth, dendritic arborization, and synapse formation. In humans, Negr1 is a risk gene for obesity based on a genome-wide association study. More recently, accumulating evidence supports that it also plays a critical role in psychiatric disorders. In this review, we discuss the recent findings on the role of Negr1 in MDD, focusing on its regulatory mechanism. We also provide evidence of putative involvement of Negr1 in other psychiatric disorders based on the novel behavioral phenotypes of Negr1 knockout mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyungchul Noh
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Jung-Cheol Park
- Department of Biological Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Jung-Soo Han
- Department of Biological Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Sung Joong Lee
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul 08826, Korea
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32
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Breton E, Gagné-Ouellet V, Thibeault K, Guérin R, Van Lieshout R, Perron P, Hivert M, Bouchard L. Placental NEGR1 DNA methylation is associated with BMI and neurodevelopment in preschool-age children. Epigenetics 2019; 15:323-335. [PMID: 31510847 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2019.1666653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies have linked maternal pre-pregnancy obesity and hyperglycaemia with metabolic and neurodevelopmental complications in childhood. DNA methylation (DNAm) might enable foetal adaptations to environmental adversities through important gene loci. NEGR1 is involved in both energy balance and behaviour regulation. The aim of this study was to investigate associations between placental DNAm at the NEGR1 gene locus and childhood anthropometric and neurodevelopmental profiles in preschoolers. We analysed 276 mother-child dyads from Gen3G, a prospective birth cohort from Sherbrooke. At 3yo (40.4 ± 3.0 months), we measured body mass index (BMI) and the mothers reported on offspring neurobehavior using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). We quantified DNAm levels at 30 CpGs at the NEGR1 locus using the MethylationEPIC Array in placental biopsies. DNAm at four CpGs located before NEGR1 second exon predicted child's BMI z-score (cg26153364: β=-0.16 ± 0.04; p=0.008, cg23166710: β=0.14 ± 0.08; p=0.03) and SDQ total score (cg04932878: β=0.22 ± 1.0; p= 3.0x10-4, cg16525738: β=-0.14 ± 0.18; p=0.01, cg23166710: β=-0.13 ± 0.36; p= 0.04), explaining 4.2% (p=0.003) and 7.3% (p= 1.3 x 10-4) of BMI-z and SDQ variances. cg23166710 was associated with both childhood phenotypes and correlated with NEGR1 placental expression (r=-0.22, p=0.04), suggesting its possible functional role. Together, maternal metabolic characteristics during pregnancy with NEGR1 DNAm levels explained 7.4% (p=4.2 x 10-4) of BMI-z and 14.2% (p=2.8 x 10-7) of SDQ variance at 3yo. This longitudinal study suggests that placental NEGR1 DNAm is associated with adiposity and neurodevelopment in preschool children and highlights its potential role in their comorbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Breton
- Department of Biochemistry, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - V Gagné-Ouellet
- Department of Biochemistry, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - K Thibeault
- Department of Biochemistry, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - R Guérin
- Department of Biochemistry, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.,Department of Medical Biology, CIUSSS Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean - Hôpital de Chicoutimi, Saguenay, QC, Canada
| | - Rj Van Lieshout
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - P Perron
- Department of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Mf Hivert
- Department of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.,Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Diabetes Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - L Bouchard
- Department of Biochemistry, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.,Department of Medical Biology, CIUSSS Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean - Hôpital de Chicoutimi, Saguenay, QC, Canada
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33
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Negr1 controls adult hippocampal neurogenesis and affective behaviors. Mol Psychiatry 2019; 24:1189-1205. [PMID: 30651602 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-018-0347-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Recent genome-wide association studies on major depressive disorder have implicated neuronal growth regulator 1 (Negr1), a GPI-anchored cell adhesion molecule in the immunoglobulin LON family. Although Negr1 has been shown to regulate neurite outgrowth and synapse formation, the mechanism through which this protein affects mood disorders is still largely unknown. In this research, we characterized Negr1-deficient (negr1-/-) mice to elucidate the function of Negr1 in anxiety and depression. We found that anxiety- and depression-like behaviors increased in negr1-/- mice compared with wild-type mice. In addition, negr1-/- mice had decreased adult hippocampal neurogenesis compared to wild-type mice. Concurrently, both LTP and mEPSC in the dentate gyrus (DG) region were severely compromised in negr1-/- mice. In our effort to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms, we found that lipocalin-2 (Lcn2) expression was decreased in the hippocampus of negr1-/- mice compared to wild-type mice. Heterologous Lcn2 expression in the hippocampal DG of negr1-/- mice rescued anxiety- and depression-like behaviors and restored neurogenesis and mEPSC frequency to their normal levels in these mice. Furthermore, we discovered that Negr1 interacts with leukemia inhibitory factor receptor (LIFR) and modulates LIF-induced Lcn2 expression. Taken together, our data uncovered a novel mechanism of mood regulation by Negr1 involving an interaction between Negr1 and LIFR along with Lcn2 expression.
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34
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Perera TH, Howell SM, Smith Callahan LA. Manipulation of Extracellular Matrix Remodeling and Neurite Extension by Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells Using IKVAV and LRE Peptide Tethering in Hyaluronic Acid Matrices. Biomacromolecules 2019; 20:3009-3020. [PMID: 31306008 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.9b00578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Cellular remodeling of the matrix has recently emerged as a key factor in promoting neural differentiation. Most strategies to manipulate matrix remodeling focus on proteolytically cleavable cross-linkers, leading to changes in tethered biochemical signaling and matrix properties. Using peptides that are not the direct target of enzymatic degradation will likely reduce changes in the matrix and improve control of biological behavior. In this study, laminin-derived peptides, IKVAV and LRE, tethered to independent sites in hyaluronic acid matrices using Michael addition and strain-promoted azide-alkyne cycloaddition are sufficient to manipulate hyaluronic acid degradation, gelatinase expression, and protease expression, while promoting neurite extension through matrix metalloprotease-dependent mechanisms in mouse embryonic stem cells encapsulated in hyaluronic acid matrices using an oxidation-reduction reaction initiated gelation. This study provides the foundation for a new strategy to stimulate matrix remodeling that is not dependent on enzymatic cleavage targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Hiran Perera
- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery , McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School , Houston , Texas 77030 , United States.,Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine , McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston , Houston , Texas 77030 , United States
| | - Skyler M Howell
- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery , McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School , Houston , Texas 77030 , United States.,Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine , McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston , Houston , Texas 77030 , United States
| | - Laura A Smith Callahan
- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery , McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School , Houston , Texas 77030 , United States.,Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine , McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston , Houston , Texas 77030 , United States.,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences , MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth , Houston , Texas 77030 , United States
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35
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Szczurkowska J, Pischedda F, Pinto B, Managò F, Haas CA, Summa M, Bertorelli R, Papaleo F, Schäfer MK, Piccoli G, Cancedda L. NEGR1 and FGFR2 cooperatively regulate cortical development and core behaviours related to autism disorders in mice. Brain 2019; 141:2772-2794. [PMID: 30059965 PMCID: PMC6113639 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awy190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorders are neurodevelopmental conditions with diverse aetiologies, all characterized by common core symptoms such as impaired social skills and communication, as well as repetitive behaviour. Cell adhesion molecules, receptor tyrosine kinases and associated downstream signalling have been strongly implicated in both neurodevelopment and autism spectrum disorders. We found that downregulation of the cell adhesion molecule NEGR1 or the receptor tyrosine kinase fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) similarly affects neuronal migration and spine density during mouse cortical development in vivo and results in impaired core behaviours related to autism spectrum disorders. Mechanistically, NEGR1 physically interacts with FGFR2 and modulates FGFR2-dependent extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and protein kinase B (AKT) signalling by decreasing FGFR2 degradation from the plasma membrane. Accordingly, FGFR2 overexpression rescues all defects due to Negr1 knockdown in vivo. Negr1 knockout mice present phenotypes similar to Negr1-downregulated animals. These data indicate that NEGR1 and FGFR2 cooperatively regulate cortical development and suggest a role for defective NEGR1-FGFR2 complex and convergent downstream ERK and AKT signalling in autism spectrum disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Szczurkowska
- Local Micro-environment and Brain Development Laboratory, Italian Institute of Technology, Genoa, Italy.,Università degli Studi di Genova, Via Balbi, 5, Genoa, Italy
| | - Francesca Pischedda
- Laboratory of Biology of Synapse. Center for Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Bruno Pinto
- Local Micro-environment and Brain Development Laboratory, Italian Institute of Technology, Genoa, Italy.,Bio@SNS, Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesca Managò
- Genetics of Cognition Laboratory, Italian Institute of Technology, Genoa, Italy
| | - Carola A Haas
- Experimental Epilepsy Research, Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Maria Summa
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Italian Institute of Technology, Genoa, Italy
| | - Rosalia Bertorelli
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Italian Institute of Technology, Genoa, Italy
| | - Francesco Papaleo
- Genetics of Cognition Laboratory, Italian Institute of Technology, Genoa, Italy
| | - Michael K Schäfer
- Department of Anesthesiology and Focus Program Translational Neurosciences, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Germany
| | - Giovanni Piccoli
- Laboratory of Biology of Synapse. Center for Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy.,Dulbecco Telethon Institute, Varese Street 16b - 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Cancedda
- Local Micro-environment and Brain Development Laboratory, Italian Institute of Technology, Genoa, Italy.,Dulbecco Telethon Institute, Varese Street 16b - 00185 Rome, Italy
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36
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Increased sensitivity to psychostimulants and GABAergic drugs in Lsamp-deficient mice. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2019; 183:87-97. [PMID: 31163180 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2019.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Lsamp, in combinations with other members of the IgLON family of cell adhesion molecules, promotes and inhibits neurite outgrowth and synapse formation during development. Mice lacking Lsamp gene display decreased social behaviour, hyperactivity; decreased anxiety level, alongside with altered balance in GABAA receptor α1 and α2 subunits; and decreased sensitivity to amphetamine, alongside with elevated serotonin function. In human studies, Lsamp has been associated with several psychiatric diseases, including schizophrenia, and suicide. Here, we provide a more thorough characterization of the pharmacological phenotype of Lsamp-deficient mice, including testing for sensitivity to morphine, cocaine, MK-801 and ketamine. More thorougly, sensitivity to GABA modulators (diazepam, alprazolam, ethanol, pentobarbital, TP003, and SL651498) was assessed. In brief, Lsamp-deficient mice were more sensitive to the locomotor activating effects of cocaine and morphine, and hypersensitive to the sedative and muscle relaxant effects of GABA modulators, most likely reflecting enhanced function of α1 and α5 subunits of the GABAA receptor. No gross differences in sensitivity to NMDA receptor modulators were observed. Thus, as the lack of Lsamp gene leads to widespread imbalances in major neurotransmitter systems in the brain accompanied by remarkable changes in behavioural phenotype as well, Lsamp-deficient mice are a promising model for mimicking psychiatric disorders.
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37
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Zhou X, Tao H, Cai Y, Cui L, Zhao B, Li K. Stage-dependent involvement of ADAM10 and its significance in epileptic seizures. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:4494-4504. [PMID: 31087543 PMCID: PMC6584734 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 01/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of epileptic seizures in Alzheimer's disease (AD) has attracted an increasing amount of attention in recent years, and many cohort studies have found several risk factors associated with the genesis of seizures in AD. Among these factors, young age and severe dementia are seemingly contradictory and independent risk factors, indicating that the pathogenesis of epileptic seizures is, to a certain extent, stage‐dependent. A disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain‐containing protein 10 (ADAM10) is a crucial α‐secretase responsible for ectodomain shedding of its substrates; thus, the function of this protein depends on the biological effects of its substrates. Intriguingly, transgenic models have demonstrated ADAM10 to be associated with epilepsy. Based on the biological effects of its substrates, the potential pathogenic roles of ADAM10 in epileptic seizures can be classified into amyloidogenic processes in the ageing stage and cortical dysplasia in the developmental stage. Therefore, ADAM10 is reviewed here as a stage‐dependent modulator in the pathogenesis of epilepsy. Current data regarding ADAM10 in epileptic seizures were collected and reviewed for potential pathogenic roles (ie amyloidogenic processes and cortical dysplasia) and regulatory mechanisms (ie transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation). These findings are then discussed in terms of the significance of the stage‐dependent functions of ADAM10 in epilepsy. Several potential targets for seizure control, such as candidate transcription factors and microRNAs that regulate ADAM10, as well as potential genetic screening tools for the early recognition of cortical dysplasia, have been suggested but must be studied in more detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhou
- Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Hua Tao
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yujie Cai
- Institute of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Lili Cui
- Institute of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China.,Institute of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Keshen Li
- Institute of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China.,Stroke Center, Neurology & Neurosurgery Division, Clinical Medicine Research Institute & the First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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38
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Alaiyed S, Conant K. A Role for Matrix Metalloproteases in Antidepressant Efficacy. Front Mol Neurosci 2019; 12:117. [PMID: 31133801 PMCID: PMC6517485 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2019.00117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder is a debilitating condition that affects approximately 15% of the United States population. Though the neurophysiological mechanisms that underlie this disorder are not completely understood, both human and rodent studies suggest that excitatory/inhibitory (E/I) balance is reduced with the depressive phenotype. In contrast, antidepressant efficacy in responsive individuals correlates with increased excitatory neurotransmission in select brain regions, suggesting that the restoration of E/I balance may improve mood. Enhanced excitatory transmission can occur through mechanisms including increased dendritic arborization and synapse formation in pyramidal neurons. Reduced activity of inhibitory neurons may also contribute to antidepressant efficacy. Consistent with this possibility, the fast-acting antidepressant ketamine may act by selective inhibition of glutamatergic input to GABA releasing parvalbumin (PV)-expressing interneurons. Recent work has also shown that a negative allosteric modulator of the GABA-A receptor α subunit can improve depression-related behavior. PV-expressing interneurons are thought to represent critical pacemakers for synchronous network events. These neurons also represent the predominant GABAergic neuronal population that is enveloped by the perineuronal net (PNN), a lattice-like structure that is thought to stabilize glutamatergic input to this cell type. Disruption of the PNN reduces PV excitability and increases pyramidal cell excitability. Various antidepressant medications increase the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), enzymes that can increase pyramidal cell dendritic arborization and spine formation. MMPs can also cleave PNN proteins to reduce PV neuron-mediated inhibition. The present review will focus on mechanisms that may underlie antidepressant efficacy, with a focus on monoamines as facilitators of increased matrix metalloprotease (MMP) expression and activation. Discussion will include MMP-dependent effects on pyramidal cell structure and function, as well as MMP-dependent effects on PV expressing interneurons. We conclude with discussion of antidepressant use for those at risk for Alzheimer’s disease, and we also highlight areas for further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seham Alaiyed
- Department of Pharmacology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Katherine Conant
- Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States
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39
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Ranaivoson FM, Turk LS, Ozgul S, Kakehi S, von Daake S, Lopez N, Trobiani L, De Jaco A, Denissova N, Demeler B, Özkan E, Montelione GT, Comoletti D. A Proteomic Screen of Neuronal Cell-Surface Molecules Reveals IgLONs as Structurally Conserved Interaction Modules at the Synapse. Structure 2019; 27:893-906.e9. [PMID: 30956130 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2019.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In the developing brain, cell-surface proteins play crucial roles, but their protein-protein interaction network remains largely unknown. A proteomic screen identified 200 interactions, 89 of which were not previously published. Among these interactions, we find that the IgLONs, a family of five cell-surface neuronal proteins implicated in various human disorders, interact as homo- and heterodimers. We reveal their interaction patterns and report the dimeric crystal structures of Neurotrimin (NTRI), IgLON5, and the neuronal growth regulator 1 (NEGR1)/IgLON5 complex. We show that IgLONs maintain an extended conformation and that their dimerization occurs through the first Ig domain of each monomer and is Ca2+ independent. Cell aggregation shows that NTRI and NEGR1 homo- and heterodimerize in trans. Taken together, we report 89 unpublished cell-surface ligand-receptor pairs and describe structural models of trans interactions of IgLONs, showing that their structures are compatible with a model of interaction across the synaptic cleft.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Liam S Turk
- Child Health Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Sinem Ozgul
- Child Health Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Sumie Kakehi
- Child Health Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | | | - Nicole Lopez
- Child Health Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Laura Trobiani
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Charles Darwin" and Pasteur Institute - Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella De Jaco
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Charles Darwin" and Pasteur Institute - Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Natalia Denissova
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry and Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Borries Demeler
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Engin Özkan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Gaetano T Montelione
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry and Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Davide Comoletti
- Child Health Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; Departments of Neuroscience and Cell Biology Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6140, New Zealand.
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40
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Singh K, Jayaram M, Kaare M, Leidmaa E, Jagomäe T, Heinla I, Hickey MA, Kaasik A, Schäfer MK, Innos J, Lilleväli K, Philips MA, Vasar E. Neural cell adhesion molecule Negr1 deficiency in mouse results in structural brain endophenotypes and behavioral deviations related to psychiatric disorders. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5457. [PMID: 30932003 PMCID: PMC6443666 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41991-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal growth regulator 1 (NEGR1) belongs to the immunoglobulin (IgLON) superfamily of cell adhesion molecules involved in cortical layering. Recent functional and genomic studies implicate the role of NEGR1 in a wide spectrum of psychiatric disorders, such as major depression, schizophrenia and autism. Here, we investigated the impact of Negr1 deficiency on brain morphology, neuronal properties and social behavior of mice. In situ hybridization shows Negr1 expression in the brain nuclei which are central modulators of cortical-subcortical connectivity such as the island of Calleja and the reticular nucleus of thalamus. Brain morphological analysis revealed neuroanatomical abnormalities in Negr1−/− mice, including enlargement of ventricles and decrease in the volume of the whole brain, corpus callosum, globus pallidus and hippocampus. Furthermore, decreased number of parvalbumin-positive inhibitory interneurons was evident in Negr1−/− hippocampi. Behaviorally, Negr1−/− mice displayed hyperactivity in social interactions and impairments in social hierarchy. Finally, Negr1 deficiency resulted in disrupted neurite sprouting during neuritogenesis. Our results provide evidence that NEGR1 is required for balancing the ratio of excitatory/inhibitory neurons and proper formation of brain structures, which is prerequisite for adaptive behavioral profiles. Therefore, Negr1−/− mice have a high potential to provide new insights into the neural mechanisms of neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katyayani Singh
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, 19 Ravila Street, 50411, Tartu, Estonia. .,Centre of Excellence in Genomics and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, 19 Ravila Street, 50411, Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Mohan Jayaram
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, 19 Ravila Street, 50411, Tartu, Estonia.,Centre of Excellence in Genomics and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, 19 Ravila Street, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Maria Kaare
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, 19 Ravila Street, 50411, Tartu, Estonia.,Centre of Excellence in Genomics and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, 19 Ravila Street, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Este Leidmaa
- Institute of Molecular Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str.25, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Toomas Jagomäe
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, 19 Ravila Street, 50411, Tartu, Estonia.,Centre of Excellence in Genomics and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, 19 Ravila Street, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Indrek Heinla
- Department of Psychology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Postboks 6050 Langnes, 9037, Tromso, Norway
| | - Miriam A Hickey
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, 19 Ravila Street, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Allen Kaasik
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, 19 Ravila Street, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Michael K Schäfer
- Department for Anesthesiology, University Medical Center and Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN), Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jürgen Innos
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, 19 Ravila Street, 50411, Tartu, Estonia.,Centre of Excellence in Genomics and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, 19 Ravila Street, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Kersti Lilleväli
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, 19 Ravila Street, 50411, Tartu, Estonia.,Centre of Excellence in Genomics and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, 19 Ravila Street, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Mari-Anne Philips
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, 19 Ravila Street, 50411, Tartu, Estonia.,Centre of Excellence in Genomics and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, 19 Ravila Street, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Eero Vasar
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, 19 Ravila Street, 50411, Tartu, Estonia.,Centre of Excellence in Genomics and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, 19 Ravila Street, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
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Grove J, Ripke S, Als TD, Mattheisen M, Walters RK, Won H, Pallesen J, Agerbo E, Andreassen OA, Anney R, Awashti S, Belliveau R, Bettella F, Buxbaum JD, Bybjerg-Grauholm J, Bækvad-Hansen M, Cerrato F, Chambert K, Christensen JH, Churchhouse C, Dellenvall K, Demontis D, De Rubeis S, Devlin B, Djurovic S, Dumont AL, Goldstein JI, Hansen CS, Hauberg ME, Hollegaard MV, Hope S, Howrigan DP, Huang H, Hultman CM, Klei L, Maller J, Martin J, Martin AR, Moran JL, Nyegaard M, Nærland T, Palmer DS, Palotie A, Pedersen CB, Pedersen MG, dPoterba T, Poulsen JB, Pourcain BS, Qvist P, Rehnström K, Reichenberg A, Reichert J, Robinson EB, Roeder K, Roussos P, Saemundsen E, Sandin S, Satterstrom FK, Davey Smith G, Stefansson H, Steinberg S, Stevens CR, Sullivan PF, Turley P, Walters GB, Xu X, Stefansson K, Geschwind DH, Nordentoft M, Hougaard DM, Werge T, Mors O, Mortensen PB, Neale BM, Daly MJ, Børglum AD. Identification of common genetic risk variants for autism spectrum disorder. Nat Genet 2019; 51:431-444. [PMID: 30804558 PMCID: PMC6454898 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-019-0344-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1228] [Impact Index Per Article: 245.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a highly heritable and heterogeneous group of neurodevelopmental phenotypes diagnosed in more than 1% of children. Common genetic variants contribute substantially to ASD susceptibility, but to date no individual variants have been robustly associated with ASD. With a marked sample-size increase from a unique Danish population resource, we report a genome-wide association meta-analysis of 18,381 individuals with ASD and 27,969 controls that identified five genome-wide-significant loci. Leveraging GWAS results from three phenotypes with significantly overlapping genetic architectures (schizophrenia, major depression, and educational attainment), we identified seven additional loci shared with other traits at equally strict significance levels. Dissecting the polygenic architecture, we found both quantitative and qualitative polygenic heterogeneity across ASD subtypes. These results highlight biological insights, particularly relating to neuronal function and corticogenesis, and establish that GWAS performed at scale will be much more productive in the near term in ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Grove
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- Centre for Integrative Sequencing, iSEQ, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine-Human Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Bioinformatics Research Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Stephan Ripke
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas D Als
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- Centre for Integrative Sequencing, iSEQ, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine-Human Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Manuel Mattheisen
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- Centre for Integrative Sequencing, iSEQ, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine-Human Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Raymond K Walters
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Hyejung Won
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- UNC Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jonatan Pallesen
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- Centre for Integrative Sequencing, iSEQ, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine-Human Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Esben Agerbo
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- National Centre for Register-Based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Centre for Integrated Register-based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ole A Andreassen
- NORMENT-KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Richard Anney
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Swapnil Awashti
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rich Belliveau
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Francesco Bettella
- NORMENT-KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Joseph D Buxbaum
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jonas Bybjerg-Grauholm
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- Center for Neonatal Screening, Department for Congenital Disorders, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marie Bækvad-Hansen
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- Center for Neonatal Screening, Department for Congenital Disorders, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Felecia Cerrato
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Kimberly Chambert
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jane H Christensen
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- Centre for Integrative Sequencing, iSEQ, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine-Human Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Claire Churchhouse
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Karin Dellenvall
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ditte Demontis
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- Centre for Integrative Sequencing, iSEQ, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine-Human Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Silvia De Rubeis
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bernie Devlin
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Srdjan Djurovic
- NORMENT-KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ashley L Dumont
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jacqueline I Goldstein
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Christine S Hansen
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- Center for Neonatal Screening, Department for Congenital Disorders, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Institute of Biological Psychiatry, MHC SctHans, Mental Health Services, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mads Engel Hauberg
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- Centre for Integrative Sequencing, iSEQ, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine-Human Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mads V Hollegaard
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- Center for Neonatal Screening, Department for Congenital Disorders, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sigrun Hope
- NORMENT-KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Neurohabilitation, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Daniel P Howrigan
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Hailiang Huang
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Christina M Hultman
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lambertus Klei
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Julian Maller
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Genomics plc, Oxford, UK
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals, Abingdon, UK
| | - Joanna Martin
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alicia R Martin
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jennifer L Moran
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Mette Nyegaard
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- Centre for Integrative Sequencing, iSEQ, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine-Human Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Terje Nærland
- NORMENT-KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- NevSom, Department of Rare Disorders and Disabilities, , Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Duncan S Palmer
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Aarno Palotie
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Carsten Bøcker Pedersen
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- National Centre for Register-Based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Centre for Integrated Register-based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Marianne Giørtz Pedersen
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- National Centre for Register-Based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Centre for Integrated Register-based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Timothy dPoterba
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jesper Buchhave Poulsen
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- Center for Neonatal Screening, Department for Congenital Disorders, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Beate St Pourcain
- Language and Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Per Qvist
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- Centre for Integrative Sequencing, iSEQ, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine-Human Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Abraham Reichenberg
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jennifer Reichert
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elise B Robinson
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kathryn Roeder
- Computational Biology Department, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Statistics and Data Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Panos Roussos
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | | | - Sven Sandin
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - F Kyle Satterstrom
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - George Davey Smith
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | | | | | - Christine R Stevens
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Patrick F Sullivan
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Patrick Turley
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - G Bragi Walters
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Reykjavík, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Xinyi Xu
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kari Stefansson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Reykjavík, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Daniel H Geschwind
- Program in Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Center for Autism Research and Treatment and Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Merete Nordentoft
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Mental Health Center Copenhagen, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - David M Hougaard
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- Center for Neonatal Screening, Department for Congenital Disorders, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Werge
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- Institute of Biological Psychiatry, MHC SctHans, Mental Health Services, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ole Mors
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Risskov, Denmark
| | - Preben Bo Mortensen
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- Centre for Integrative Sequencing, iSEQ, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- National Centre for Register-Based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Centre for Integrated Register-based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Benjamin M Neale
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Mark J Daly
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Anders D Børglum
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark.
- Centre for Integrative Sequencing, iSEQ, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
- Department of Biomedicine-Human Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
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43
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Kubick N, Brösamle D, Mickael ME. Molecular Evolution and Functional Divergence of the IgLON Family. Evol Bioinform Online 2018; 14:1176934318775081. [PMID: 29844654 PMCID: PMC5967153 DOI: 10.1177/1176934318775081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
IgLON family is a subgroup of cell adhesion molecules which is known to have diverse roles in neuronal development. IgLONs are characterized by possessing 3 Ig-like C2 domains, which play a part in mediating various cellular interactions. Recently, IgLONs have been shown to be expressed at the blood-brain barrier (BBB). However, our understanding of the genetic divergence patterns and evolutionary rates of these proteins in relation to their functions, in general, and at the BBB, in particular, remains inadequate. In this study, 12 species were explored to shed more light on the phylogenetic origins, structure, functional specificity, and divergence of this family. A total of 40 IgLON genes were identified from vertebrates and invertebrates. The absence of IgLON family genes in Hydra vulgaris and Nematostella vectensis but not in Drosophila melanogaster suggests that this family appeared during the time of divergence of Arthropoda 455 Mya. In general, IgLON genes have been subject to strong positive selection in vertebrates. Our study, based on IgLONs’ structural similarity, suggests that they may play a role in the evolutionary changes in the brain anatomy towards complexity including regulating neural growth and BBB permeability. IgLONs’ functions seem to be performed through complex interactions on the level of motifs as well as single residues. We identified several IgLON motifs that could be influencing cellular migration and proliferation as well as BBB integrity through interactions with SH3 or integrin. Our motif analysis also revealed that NEGR1 might be involved in MAPK pathway as a form of a signal transmitting receptor through its motif (KKVRVVVNF). We found several residues that were both positively selected and with highly functional specificity. We also located functional divergent residues that could act as drug targets to regulate BBB permeability. Furthermore, we identified several putative metalloproteinase cleavage sites that support the ectodomain shedding hypothesis of the IgLONs. In conclusion, our results present a bridge between IgLONs’ molecular evolution and their functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norwin Kubick
- Institute of Biochemistry, Molecular Cell Biology, University Clinic Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Desiree Brösamle
- Institute of Medical Systems Biology, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, University Clinic Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michel-Edwar Mickael
- Institute of Medical Systems Biology, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, University Clinic Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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Zhang N, Xu J, Wang Y, Heng X, Yang L, Xing X. Loss of opioid binding protein/cell adhesion molecule-like gene expression in gastric cancer. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:9973-9977. [PMID: 29805691 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have reported that the expression of the opioid binding protein/cell adhesion molecule-like (OPCML) gene was frequently downregulated in various of types of cancer. However, little is known regarding the expression of the OPCML gene in gastric cancer. The present study identified that OPCML was downregulated in the gastric cancer SGC7901, KATO III, MKN45, MKN74, SNU1, AGS, N87 and a gastric mucosa cell line GES1, compared with normal gastric tissues by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). To investigate whether the downregulation of OPCML was due to promoter hypermethylation, the methylation of the OPCML promoter was assessed by methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction. Hypermethylation of the OPCML promoter was observed in the gastric cancer MKN45 cell lines, but was not as evident in normal gastric tissue. The methylation inhibitor 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine was used to remove the methylation of the OPCML gene promoter, following which the expression of OPCML was restored. In addition, the function of the OPCML gene was studied in vitro, and it was found that the restoration expression of OPCML could lead to the suppression of cell growth. In conclusion, the present study has shown that OPCML, which acts as a tumor suppressor, was silenced in gastric cancer cell lines via aberrant hypermethylation of the promoter CpG islands, which may provide a novel molecular approach for the early diagnosis of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Affiliated LuoHu Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518001, P.R. China
| | - Jide Xu
- Department of Physiology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, P.R. China
| | - Yuhong Wang
- Department of Endoscopy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, P.R. China
| | - Xuhua Heng
- Department of Cardiogy, Affiliated Hospital of Panzhihua University, Panzhihua, Sichuan 617000, P.R. China
| | - Liteng Yang
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Affiliated LuoHu Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518001, P.R. China
| | - Xiangbin Xing
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, P.R. China
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Katiyar A, Sharma S, Singh TP, Kaur P. Identification of Shared Molecular Signatures Indicate the Susceptibility of Endometriosis to Multiple Sclerosis. Front Genet 2018; 9:42. [PMID: 29503661 PMCID: PMC5820528 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Women with endometriosis (EMS) appear to be at a higher risk of developing other autoimmune diseases predominantly multiple sclerosis (MS). Though EMS and MS are evidently diverse in their phenotype, they are linked by a common autoimmune condition or immunodeficiency which could play a role in the expansion of endometriosis and possibly increase the risk of developing MS in women with EMS. However, the common molecular links connecting EMS with MS are still unclear. We conducted a meta-analysis of microarray experiments focused on EMS and MS with their respective controls. The GEO2R web application discovered a total of 711 and 1516 genes that are differentially expressed across the experimental conditions in EMS and MS, respectively with 129 shared DEGs between them. The functional enrichment analysis of DEGs predicts the shared gene expression signatures as well as the overlapping biological processes likely to infer the co-occurrence of EMS with MS. Network based meta-analysis unveiled six interaction networks/crosstalks through overlapping edges between commonly dysregulated pathways of EMS and MS. The PTPN1, ERBB3, and CDH1 were observed to be the highly ranked hub genes connected with disease-related genes of both EMS and MS. Androgen receptor (AR) and nuclear factor-kB p65 (RelA) were observed to be the most enriched transcription factor in the upstream of shared down-regulated and up-regulated genes, respectively. The two disease sample sets compared through crosstalk interactions between shared pathways revealed commonly up- and down-regulated expressions of 10 immunomodulatory proteins as probable linkers between EMS and MS. This study pinpoints the number of shared genes, pathways, protein kinases, and upstream regulators that may help in the development of biomarkers for diagnosis of MS and endometriosis at the same time through improved understanding of shared molecular signatures and crosstalk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Katiyar
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sujata Sharma
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Tej P Singh
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Punit Kaur
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Singh K, Loreth D, Pöttker B, Hefti K, Innos J, Schwald K, Hengstler H, Menzel L, Sommer CJ, Radyushkin K, Kretz O, Philips MA, Haas CA, Frauenknecht K, Lilleväli K, Heimrich B, Vasar E, Schäfer MKE. Neuronal Growth and Behavioral Alterations in Mice Deficient for the Psychiatric Disease-Associated Negr1 Gene. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:30. [PMID: 29479305 PMCID: PMC5811522 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal growth regulator 1 (NEGR1), a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily cell adhesion molecule subgroup IgLON, has been implicated in neuronal growth and connectivity. In addition, genetic variants in or near the NEGR1 locus have been associated with obesity and more recently with learning difficulties, intellectual disability and psychiatric disorders. However, experimental evidence is lacking to support a possible link between NEGR1, neuronal growth and behavioral abnormalities. Initial expression analysis of NEGR1 mRNA in C57Bl/6 wildtype (WT) mice by in situ hybridization demonstrated marked expression in the entorhinal cortex (EC) and dentate granule cells. In co-cultures of cortical neurons and NSC-34 cells overexpressing NEGR1, neurite growth of cortical neurons was enhanced and distal axons occupied an increased area of cells overexpressing NEGR1. Conversely, in organotypic slice co-cultures, Negr1-knockout (KO) hippocampus was less permissive for axons grown from EC of β-actin-enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) mice compared to WT hippocampus. Neuroanatomical analysis revealed abnormalities of EC axons in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) of Negr1-KO mice including increased numbers of axonal projections to the hilus. Neurotransmitter receptor ligand binding densities, a proxy of functional neurotransmitter receptor abundance, did not show differences in the DG of Negr1-KO mice but altered ligand binding densities to NMDA receptor and muscarinic acetylcholine receptors M1 and M2 were found in CA1 and CA3. Activity behavior, anxiety-like behavior and sensorimotor gating were not different between genotypes. However, Negr1-KO mice exhibited impaired social behavior compared to WT littermates. Moreover, Negr1-KO mice showed reversal learning deficits in the Morris water maze and increased susceptibility to pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-induced seizures. Thus, our results from neuronal growth assays, neuroanatomical analyses and behavioral assessments provide first evidence that deficiency of the psychiatric disease-associated Negr1 gene may affect neuronal growth and behavior. These findings might be relevant to further evaluate the role of NEGR1 in cognitive and psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katyayani Singh
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.,Centre of Excellence in Genomics and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Desirée Loreth
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bruno Pöttker
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Kyra Hefti
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jürgen Innos
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.,Centre of Excellence in Genomics and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Kathrin Schwald
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Heidi Hengstler
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Lutz Menzel
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Clemens J Sommer
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,Focus Program Translational Neurosciences, Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Konstantin Radyushkin
- Focus Program Translational Neurosciences, Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,Mouse Behavioral Unit, Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Oliver Kretz
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Mari-Anne Philips
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.,Centre of Excellence in Genomics and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Carola A Haas
- Experimental Epilepsy Research, Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Katrin Frauenknecht
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kersti Lilleväli
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.,Centre of Excellence in Genomics and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Bernd Heimrich
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Eero Vasar
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.,Centre of Excellence in Genomics and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Michael K E Schäfer
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,Focus Program Translational Neurosciences, Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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47
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Balint B, Vincent A, Meinck HM, Irani SR, Bhatia KP. Movement disorders with neuronal antibodies: syndromic approach, genetic parallels and pathophysiology. Brain 2018; 141:13-36. [PMID: 29053777 PMCID: PMC5888977 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awx189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Movement disorders are a prominent and common feature in many autoantibody-associated neurological diseases, a group of potentially treatable conditions that can mimic infectious, metabolic or neurodegenerative disease. Certain movement disorders are likely to associate with certain autoantibodies; for example, the characteristic dyskinesias, chorea and dystonia associated with NMDAR antibodies, stiff person spectrum disorders with GAD, glycine receptor, amphiphysin or DPPX antibodies, specific paroxysmal dystonias with LGI1 antibodies, and cerebellar ataxia with various anti-neuronal antibodies. There are also less-recognized movement disorder presentations of antibody-related disease, and a considerable overlap between the clinical phenotypes and the associated antibody spectra. In this review, we first describe the antibodies associated with each syndrome, highlight distinctive clinical or radiological 'red flags', and suggest a syndromic approach based on the predominant movement disorder presentation, age, and associated features. We then examine the underlying immunopathophysiology, which may guide treatment decisions in these neuroimmunological disorders, and highlight the exceptional interface between neuronal antibodies and neurodegeneration, such as the tauopathy associated with IgLON5 antibodies. Moreover, we elaborate the emerging pathophysiological parallels between genetic movement disorders and immunological conditions, with proteins being either affected by mutations or targeted by autoantibodies. Hereditary hyperekplexia, for example, is caused by mutations of the alpha subunit of the glycine receptor leading to an infantile-onset disorder with exaggerated startle and stiffness, whereas antibodies targeting glycine receptors can induce acquired hyperekplexia. The spectrum of such immunological and genetic analogies also includes cerebellar ataxias and some encephalopathies. Lastly, we discuss how these pathophysiological considerations could reflect on possible future directions regarding antigen-specific immunotherapies or targeting the pathophysiological cascades downstream of the antibody effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Balint
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Neuroimmunology Group, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Angela Vincent
- Neuroimmunology Group, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Sarosh R Irani
- Neuroimmunology Group, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Kailash P Bhatia
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
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48
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Handa-Narumi M, Yoshimura T, Konishi H, Fukata Y, Manabe Y, Tanaka K, Bao GM, Kiyama H, Fukase K, Ikenaka K. Branched Sialylated N-glycans Are Accumulated in Brain Synaptosomes and Interact with Siglec-H. Cell Struct Funct 2018; 43:141-152. [DOI: 10.1247/csf.18009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mai Handa-Narumi
- Division of Neurobiology and Bioinformatics, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences
- Department of Physiological Sciences, School of Life Sciences, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies)
| | - Takeshi Yoshimura
- Division of Neurobiology and Bioinformatics, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences
- Department of Physiological Sciences, School of Life Sciences, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies)
- Department of Child Development and Molecular Brain Science, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University
| | - Hiroyuki Konishi
- Department of Functional Anatomy and Neuroscience, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Yuko Fukata
- Department of Physiological Sciences, School of Life Sciences, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies)
- Division of Membrane Physiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences
| | - Yoshiyuki Manabe
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University
| | - Katsunori Tanaka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University
- Biofunctional Synthetic Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research
| | - Guang-ming Bao
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University
| | - Hiroshi Kiyama
- Department of Functional Anatomy and Neuroscience, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Koichi Fukase
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University
| | - Kazuhiro Ikenaka
- Division of Neurobiology and Bioinformatics, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences
- Department of Physiological Sciences, School of Life Sciences, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies)
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49
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MT3-MMP Promotes Excitatory Synapse Formation by Promoting Nogo-66 Receptor Ectodomain Shedding. J Neurosci 2017; 38:518-529. [PMID: 29196321 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0962-17.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-surface molecules are dynamically regulated at the synapse to assemble and disassemble adhesive contacts that are important for synaptogenesis and for tuning synaptic transmission. Metalloproteinases dynamically regulate cellular behaviors through the processing of cell surface molecules. In the present study, we evaluated the role of membrane-type metalloproteinases (MT-MMPs) in excitatory synaptogenesis. We find that MT3-MMP and MT5-MMP are broadly expressed in the mouse cerebral cortex and that MT3-MMP loss-of-function interferes with excitatory synapse development in dissociated cortical neurons and in vivo We identify Nogo-66 receptor (NgR1) as an MT3-MMP substrate that is required for MT3-MMP-dependent synapse formation. Introduction of the shed ectodomain of NgR1 is sufficient to accelerate excitatory synapse formation in dissociated cortical neurons and in vivo Together, our findings support a role for MT3-MMP-dependent shedding of NgR1 in regulating excitatory synapse development.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT In this study, we identify MT3-MMP, a membrane-bound zinc protease, to be necessary for the development of excitatory synapses in cortical neurons. We identify Nogo-66 receptors (NgR1) as a downstream target of MT3-MMP proteolytic activity. Furthermore, processing of surface NgR1 by MT3-MMP generates a soluble ectodomain fragment that accelerates the formation of excitatory synapses. We propose that MT3-MMP activity and NgR1 shedding could stimulate circuitry remodeling in the adult brain and enhance functional connectivity after brain injury.
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50
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Tan RPA, Leshchyns'ka I, Sytnyk V. Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-Anchored Immunoglobulin Superfamily Cell Adhesion Molecules and Their Role in Neuronal Development and Synapse Regulation. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:378. [PMID: 29249937 PMCID: PMC5715320 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulin superfamily (IgSF) cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) are cell surface glycoproteins that not only mediate interactions between neurons but also between neurons and other cells in the nervous system. While typical IgSF CAMs are transmembrane molecules, this superfamily also includes CAMs, which do not possess transmembrane and intracellular domains and are instead attached to the plasma membrane via a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor. In this review, we focus on the role GPI-anchored IgSF CAMs have as signal transducers and ligands in neurons, and discuss their functions in regulation of neuronal development, synapse formation, synaptic plasticity, learning, and behavior. We also review the links between GPI-anchored IgSF CAMs and brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui P A Tan
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Iryna Leshchyns'ka
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Vladimir Sytnyk
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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