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Chai S, Chong Y, Yin D, Qiu Q, Xu S, Yang G. Genomic insights into adaptation to bipedal saltation and desert-like habitats of jerboas. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2024; 67:2003-2015. [PMID: 38902451 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-023-2516-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Jerboas is a lineage of small rodents displaying atypical mouse-like morphology with elongated strong hindlimbs and short forelimbs. They have evolved obligate bipedal saltation and acute senses, and been well-adapted to vast desert-like habitats. Using a newly sequenced chromosome-scale genome of the Mongolian five-toed jerboa (Orientallactaga sibirica), our comparative genomic analyses and in vitro functional assays showed that the genetic innovations in both protein-coding and non-coding regions played an important role in jerboa morphological and physiological adaptation. Jerboa-specific amino acid substitutions, and segment insertions/deletions (indels) in conserved non-coding elements (CNEs) were found in components of proteoglycan biosynthesis pathway (XYLT1 and CHSY1), which plays an important role in limb development. Meanwhile, we found specific evolutionary changes functionally associated with energy or water metabolism (e.g., specific amino acid substitutions in ND5 and indels in CNEs physically near ROR2) and senses (e.g., expansion of vomeronasal receptors and the FAM136A gene family) in jerboas. Further dual-luciferase reporter assay verified that some of the CNEs with jerboa-specific segment indels exerted a significantly different influence on luciferase activity, suggesting changes in their regulatory function in jerboas. Our results revealed the potential molecular mechanisms underlying jerboa adaptation since the divergence from the Eocene-Oligocene transition, and provided more resources and new insights to enhance our understanding of the molecular basis underlying the phenotypic diversity and the environmental adaptation of mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simin Chai
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, 511458, China
| | - Yujie Chong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Daiqing Yin
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, 511458, China
| | - Qiang Qiu
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China.
| | - Shixia Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Guang Yang
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, 511458, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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Hao D, Luo W, Yan Y, Zhou J. Focus on cuproptosis: Exploring new mechanisms and therapeutic application prospects of cuproptosis regulation. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 178:117182. [PMID: 39053428 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Cuproptosis is a novel form of regulated cell death, which plays an important role in the physiological and pathological processes of the human body. Despite the increasing research on cuproptosis-related genes (CRGs) and their correlation with diseases, the pathogenesis of cuproptosis-related diseases remains unclear. Furthermore, there is a lack of reviews on the emerging technologies for regulating cuproptosis in disease treatment. This study delves into the copper-induced cell death mechanism, distinguishing cuproptosis from mechanisms like oxidative stress, glutathione synthesis inhibition, and ubiquitin-proteasome system inhibition. Several long-standing mysteries of diseases such as Wilson's disease and Menkes disease may be attributed to the occurrence of cuproptosis. In addition, we also review the detection indicators related to cuproptosis, providing targets for the diagnosis of cuproptosis-related diseases, and summarize the application value of cuproptosis in tumor therapy to better elucidate the impact of copper in cell death and diseases, and thus to promote the application prospects and possible strategies of cuproptosis-related substances, such as copper ion chelators, copper ion carriers, and copper nanomaterials, in disease therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donglin Hao
- Changzhou Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Precision Cancer Medicine, Wujin Hospital Affiliated with Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Changzhou, China; Changzhou Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Wei Luo
- Changzhou Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Precision Cancer Medicine, Wujin Hospital Affiliated with Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Changzhou, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wujin Hospital Affiliated with Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Changzhou, China
| | - Yongmin Yan
- Changzhou Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Precision Cancer Medicine, Wujin Hospital Affiliated with Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Changzhou, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wujin Hospital Affiliated with Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Changzhou, China.
| | - Jing Zhou
- Changzhou Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Precision Cancer Medicine, Wujin Hospital Affiliated with Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Changzhou, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wujin Hospital Affiliated with Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Changzhou, China.
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3
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Verbout NG, Lorentz CU, Markway BD, Wallisch M, Marbury TC, Di Cera E, Shatzel JJ, Gruber A, Tucker EI. Safety and tolerability of the protein C activator AB002 in end-stage renal disease patients on hemodialysis: a randomized phase 2 trial. COMMUNICATIONS MEDICINE 2024; 4:153. [PMID: 39060370 PMCID: PMC11282208 DOI: 10.1038/s43856-024-00575-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The protein C system regulates blood coagulation, inflammation, and vascular integrity. AB002 is an injectable protein C activating enzyme under investigation to safely prevent and treat thrombosis. In preclinical models, AB002 is antithrombotic, cytoprotective, and anti-inflammatory. Since prophylactic use of heparin is contraindicated during hemodialysis in some end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients, we propose using AB002 as a short-acting alternative to safely limit blood loss due to clotting in the dialysis circuit. METHODS This phase 2, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, single-dose study evaluates the safety and tolerability of AB002 administered into the hemodialysis line of ESRD patients during hemodialysis at one study center in the United States (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03963895). In this study, 36 patients were sequentially enrolled into two cohorts and randomized to AB002 or placebo in a 2:1 ratio. In cohort 1, patients received 1.5 µg/kg AB002 (n = 12) or placebo (n = 6); in cohort 2, patients received 3 µg/kg AB002 (n = 12) or placebo (n = 6). Patients underwent five heparin-free hemodialysis sessions over 10 days and were dosed with AB002 or placebo during session four. RESULTS Here we show that AB002 is safe and well-tolerated in ESRD patients, with no treatment-related adverse events. Clinically relevant bleeding did not occur in any patient, and the time to hemostasis at the vascular access sites is not affected by AB002. CONCLUSIONS As far as we are aware, this proof-of-concept study is the first clinical trial assessing the therapeutic potential of protein C activation. The results herein support additional investigation of AB002 to safely prevent and treat thrombosis in at-risk populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norah G Verbout
- Aronora, Inc., Portland, OR, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
| | - Christina U Lorentz
- Aronora, Inc., Portland, OR, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | | | - Michael Wallisch
- Aronora, Inc., Portland, OR, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | | | - Enrico Di Cera
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Joseph J Shatzel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | | | - Erik I Tucker
- Aronora, Inc., Portland, OR, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
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Huang Z, Cao L, Yan D. Inflammatory immunity and bacteriological perspectives: A new direction for copper treatment of sepsis. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2024; 84:127456. [PMID: 38692229 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2024.127456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Copper is an essential trace element for all aerobic organisms because of its unique biological functions. In recent years, researchers have discovered that copper can induce cell death through various regulatory mechanisms, thereby inducing inflammation. Efforts have also been made to alter the chemical structure of copper to achieve either anticancer or anti-inflammatory effects. The copper ion can exhibit bactericidal effects by interfering with the integrity of the cell membrane and promoting oxidative stress. Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory response caused by infection. Some studies have revealed that copper is involved in the pathophysiological process of sepsis and is closely related to its prognosis. During the infection of sepsis, the body may enhance the antimicrobial effect by increasing the release of copper. However, to avoid copper poisoning, all organisms have evolved copper resistance genes. Therefore, further analysis of the complex relationship between copper and bacteria may provide new ideas and research directions for the treatment of sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Huang
- Department of Emergency Medicine,Zhoukou Central Hospital, No.26 Renmin Road, Chuanhui District, Zhoukou, Henan Province 466000, China
| | - Lunfei Cao
- Department of Emergency Medicine,Zhoukou Central Hospital, No.26 Renmin Road, Chuanhui District, Zhoukou, Henan Province 466000, China
| | - Dengfeng Yan
- Department of Emergency Medicine,Zhoukou Central Hospital, No.26 Renmin Road, Chuanhui District, Zhoukou, Henan Province 466000, China..
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Meraz-Torres F, Niessner H, Plöger S, Riel S, Schörg B, Casadei N, Kneilling M, Schaller M, Flatz L, Macek B, Eigentler T, Rieß O, Garbe C, Amaral T, Sinnberg T. Augmenting MEK inhibitor efficacy in BRAF wild-type melanoma: synergistic effects of disulfiram combination therapy. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2024; 43:30. [PMID: 38263136 PMCID: PMC10804659 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-023-02941-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND MEK inhibitors (MEKi) were shown to be clinically insufficiently effective in patients suffering from BRAF wild-type (BRAF WT) melanoma, even if the MAPK pathway was constitutively activated due to mutations in NRAS or NF-1. Thus, novel combinations are needed to increase the efficacy and duration of response to MEKi in BRAF WT melanoma. Disulfiram and its metabolite diethyldithiocarbamate are known to have antitumor effects related to cellular stress, and induction of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress was found to synergize with MEK inhibitors in NRAS-mutated melanoma cells. Therefore, we investigated the combination of both therapeutics to test their effects on BRAF-WT melanoma cells and compared them with monotherapy using the MEKi trametinib. METHODS The effects of combined therapy with disulfiram or its metabolite diethyldithiocarbamate and the MEKi trametinib were evaluated in a series of BRAF-WT melanoma cell lines by measuring cell viability and apoptosis induction. Cytotoxicity was additionally assessed in 3D spheroids, ex vivo melanoma slice cultures, and in vivo xenograft mouse models. The response of melanoma cells to treatment was studied at the RNA and protein levels to decipher the mode of action. Intracellular and intratumoral copper measurements were performed to investigate the role of copper ions in the antitumor cytotoxicity of disulfiram and its combination with the MEKi. RESULTS Diethyldithiocarbamate enhanced trametinib-induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis induction in 2D and 3D melanoma culture models. Mechanistically, copper-dependent induction of oxidative stress and ER stress led to Janus kinase (JNK)-mediated apoptosis in melanoma cells. This mechanism was also detectable in patient-derived xenograft melanoma models and resulted in a significantly improved therapeutic effect compared to monotherapy with the MEKi trametinib. CONCLUSIONS Disulfiram and its metabolite represent an attractive pharmaceutical approach to induce ER stress in melanoma cells that potentiates the antitumor effect of MEK inhibition and may be an interesting candidate for combination therapy of BRAF WT melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Heike Niessner
- Department of Dermatology, Tübingen University Hospital, Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) Image Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, 72076, Germany
| | - Sarah Plöger
- Department of Dermatology, Tübingen University Hospital, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Simon Riel
- Department of Dermatology, Tübingen University Hospital, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Barbara Schörg
- Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Laboratory for Preclinical Imaging and Imaging Technology of the Werner Siemens-Foundation, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, 72076, Germany
| | - Nicolas Casadei
- NGS Competence Center Tübingen, Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Manfred Kneilling
- Department of Dermatology, Tübingen University Hospital, Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) Image Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, 72076, Germany
- Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Laboratory for Preclinical Imaging and Imaging Technology of the Werner Siemens-Foundation, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, 72076, Germany
| | - Martin Schaller
- Department of Dermatology, Tübingen University Hospital, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Lukas Flatz
- Department of Dermatology, Tübingen University Hospital, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Boris Macek
- Proteome Center Tübingen, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Eigentler
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin, 10117, Germany
| | - Olaf Rieß
- NGS Competence Center Tübingen, Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Claus Garbe
- Department of Dermatology, Tübingen University Hospital, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Teresa Amaral
- Department of Dermatology, Tübingen University Hospital, Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) Image Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, 72076, Germany
| | - Tobias Sinnberg
- Department of Dermatology, Tübingen University Hospital, Tübingen, Germany.
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) Image Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, 72076, Germany.
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin, 10117, Germany.
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Więcek S, Paprocka J. Disorders of Copper Metabolism in Children-A Problem too Rarely Recognized. Metabolites 2024; 14:38. [PMID: 38248841 PMCID: PMC10818781 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14010038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Copper plays an important role in metabolic processes. Both deficiency and excess of this element have a negative effect and lead to pathological conditions. Copper is a cofactor of many enzymatic reactions. Its concentration depends on the delivery in the diet, the absorption in enterocytes, transport with the participation of ATP7A/ATP7B protein, and proper excretion. Copper homeostasis disorders lead to serious medical conditions such as Menkes disease (MD) and Wilson's disease (WD). A mutation in the ATP7A gene is the cause of Menkes disease, it prevents the supply of copper ions to enzymes dependent on them, such as dopamine β-hydroxylase and lysyl oxidase. This leads to progressive changes in the central nervous system and disorders of the connective tissue. In turn, Wilson's disease is an inherited autosomal recessive disease. It is caused by a mutation of the ATP7B gene encoding the ATP7B protein which means excess copper cannot be removed from the body, leading to the pathological accumulation of this element in the liver and brain. The clinical picture is dominated by the liver, neurological, and/or psychiatric symptoms. Early inclusion of zinc preparations and chelating drugs significantly improves the prognosis in this group of patients. The aim of the study is to analyse, based on the latest literature, the following factors: the etiopathogenesis, clinical picture, diagnostic tests, treatment, prognosis, and complications of disease entities associated with copper disturbances: Menkes disease and Wilson's disease. In addition, it is necessary for general practitioners, neurologists, and gastroenterologists to pay attention to these disease entities because they are recognized too late and too rarely, especially in the paediatric population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Więcek
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland
| | - Justyna Paprocka
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland
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Yang Y, Li M, Chen G, Liu S, Guo H, Dong X, Wang K, Geng H, Jiang J, Li X. Dissecting copper biology and cancer treatment: ‘Activating Cuproptosis or suppressing Cuproplasia’. Coord Chem Rev 2023; 495:215395. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2023.215395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/06/2024]
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8
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Kabin E, Dong Y, Roy S, Smirnova J, Smith JW, Ralle M, Summers K, Yang H, Dev S, Wang Y, Devenney B, Cole RN, Palumaa P, Lutsenko S. α-lipoic acid ameliorates consequences of copper overload by up-regulating selenoproteins and decreasing redox misbalance. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2305961120. [PMID: 37751556 PMCID: PMC10556618 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2305961120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
α-lipoic acid (LA) is an essential cofactor for mitochondrial dehydrogenases and is required for cell growth, metabolic fuel production, and antioxidant defense. In vitro, LA binds copper (Cu) with high affinity and as an endogenous membrane permeable metabolite could be advantageous in mitigating the consequences of Cu overload in human diseases. We tested this hypothesis in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes with inactivated Cu transporter Atp7a; these cells accumulate Cu and show morphologic changes and mitochondria impairment. Treatment with LA corrected the morphology of Atp7a-/- cells similar to the Cu chelator bathocuproinedisulfonate (BCS) and improved mitochondria function; however, the mechanisms of LA and BCS action were different. Unlike BCS, LA did not decrease intracellular Cu but instead increased selenium levels that were low in Atp7a-/- cells. Proteome analysis confirmed distinct cell responses to these compounds and identified upregulation of selenoproteins as the major effect of LA on preadipocytes. Upregulation of selenoproteins was associated with an improved GSH:GSSG ratio in cellular compartments, which was lowered by elevated Cu, and reversal of protein oxidation. Thus, LA diminishes toxic effects of elevated Cu by improving cellular redox environment. We also show that selenium levels are decreased in tissues of a Wilson disease animal model, especially in the liver, making LA an attractive candidate for supplemental treatment of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Kabin
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn12618, Estonia
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutes, Baltimore, MD21205
| | - Yixuan Dong
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutes, Baltimore, MD21205
| | - Shubhrajit Roy
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutes, Baltimore, MD21205
| | - Julia Smirnova
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn12618, Estonia
| | - Joshua W. Smith
- Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Core, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutes, Baltimore, MD21205
| | - Martina Ralle
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR97201
| | - Kelly Summers
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutes, Baltimore, MD21205
| | - Haojun Yang
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutes, Baltimore, MD21205
| | - Som Dev
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutes, Baltimore, MD21205
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutes, Baltimore, MD21205
| | - Benjamin Devenney
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutes, Baltimore, MD21205
| | - Robert N. Cole
- Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Core, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutes, Baltimore, MD21205
| | - Peep Palumaa
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn12618, Estonia
| | - Svetlana Lutsenko
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutes, Baltimore, MD21205
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Fu J, Hu X, Guo T, Zhu W, Tian J, Liu M, Zhang X, Wei Y. A dual-function probe with aggregation-induced emission feature for Cu 2+ detection and chemodynamic therapy. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:6738-6741. [PMID: 37194318 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc06350f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Herein, a fluorescent probe (named TPACP) with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) feature was developed and utilized for the selective detection of Cu2+ with high sensitivity and fast-response. The resultant TPACP@Cu2+ complexes from coordination of TPACP with Cu2+ can also be potentially applied for chemodynamic and photodynamic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Fu
- Department of Chemistry, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang 330031, China.
| | - Xin Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang 330031, China.
| | - Teng Guo
- Department of Chemistry, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang 330031, China.
| | - Weifeng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Jianwen Tian
- Department of Chemistry, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang 330031, China.
| | - Meiying Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang 330031, China.
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Xiaoyong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang 330031, China.
| | - Yen Wei
- Department of Chemistry and the Tsinghua Center for Frontier Polymer Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China.
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Nanotechnology and Institute of Biomedical Technology, Chung-Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li 32023, Taiwan
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10
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Guan D, Zhao L, Shi X, Ma X, Chen Z. Copper in cancer: From pathogenesis to therapy. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 163:114791. [PMID: 37105071 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the basic trace elements for the structure and metabolism of human tissue is copper. However, as a heavy metal, excessive intake or abnormal accumulation of copper in the body can cause inevitable damage to the organism because copper can result in direct injury to various cell components or disruption of the redox balance, eventually leading to cell death. Interestingly, a growing body of research reports that diverse cancers have raised serum and tumor copper levels. Tumor cells depend on more copper for their metabolism than normal cells, and a decrease in copper or copper overload can have a detrimental effect on tumor cells. New modalities for identifying and characterizing copper-dependent signals offer translational opportunities for tumor therapy, but their mechanisms remain unclear. Therefore, this article summarizes what we currently know about the correlation between copper and cancer and describes the characteristics of copper metabolism in tumor cells and the prospective application of copper-derived therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Defeng Guan
- The First Clinical Medical School of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China; The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China; Gansu key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Embryology, Lanzhou, China
| | - Lihui Zhao
- The First Clinical Medical School of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China; The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China; Gansu key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Embryology, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xin Shi
- The First Clinical Medical School of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China; The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China; Gansu key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Embryology, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaoling Ma
- The First Clinical Medical School of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China; The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China; Gansu key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Embryology, Lanzhou, China.
| | - Zhou Chen
- The First Clinical Medical School of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China; The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.
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11
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Garza NM, Swaminathan AB, Maremanda KP, Zulkifli M, Gohil VM. Mitochondrial copper in human genetic disorders. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2023; 34:21-33. [PMID: 36435678 PMCID: PMC9780195 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2022.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Copper is an essential micronutrient that serves as a cofactor for enzymes involved in diverse physiological processes, including mitochondrial energy generation. Copper enters cells through a dedicated copper transporter and is distributed to intracellular cuproenzymes by copper chaperones. Mitochondria are critical copper-utilizing organelles that harbor an essential cuproenzyme cytochrome c oxidase, which powers energy production. Mutations in copper transporters and chaperones that perturb mitochondrial copper homeostasis result in fatal genetic disorders. Recent studies have uncovered the therapeutic potential of elesclomol, a copper ionophore, for the treatment of copper deficiency disorders such as Menkes disease. Here we review the role of copper in mitochondrial energy metabolism in the context of human diseases and highlight the recent developments in copper therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie M Garza
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, MS 3474, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Abhinav B Swaminathan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, MS 3474, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Krishna P Maremanda
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, MS 3474, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Mohammad Zulkifli
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, MS 3474, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Vishal M Gohil
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, MS 3474, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
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12
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Gong H, Liu W, Wu Z, Zhang M, Sun Y, Ling Z, Xiao S, Ai H, Xin Y, Yang B, Huang L. Evolutionary insights into porcine genomic structural variations based on a novel constructed dataset from 24 worldwide diverse populations. Evol Appl 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/eva.13455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Huanfa Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology Jiangxi Agricultural University Nanchang P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences Zhejiang University Hangzhou P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Eastern China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Sciences Zhejiang University Hangzhou P.R. China
| | - Weiwei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology Jiangxi Agricultural University Nanchang P.R. China
| | - Zhongzi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology Jiangxi Agricultural University Nanchang P.R. China
| | - Mingpeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology Jiangxi Agricultural University Nanchang P.R. China
| | - Yingchun Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology Jiangxi Agricultural University Nanchang P.R. China
| | - Ziqi Ling
- State Key Laboratory of Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology Jiangxi Agricultural University Nanchang P.R. China
| | - Shijun Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology Jiangxi Agricultural University Nanchang P.R. China
| | - Huashui Ai
- State Key Laboratory of Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology Jiangxi Agricultural University Nanchang P.R. China
| | - Yuyun Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology Jiangxi Agricultural University Nanchang P.R. China
| | - Bin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology Jiangxi Agricultural University Nanchang P.R. China
| | - Lusheng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology Jiangxi Agricultural University Nanchang P.R. China
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Ai Y, Zhu Z, Ding H, Fan C, Liu G, Pu S. A dual-responsive fluorescent probe for detection of H2S and Cu2+ based on rhodamine-naphthalimide and cell imaging. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2022.113801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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14
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Chakraborty K, Kar S, Rai B, Bhagat R, Naskar N, Seth P, Gupta A, Bhattacharjee A. Copper dependent ERK1/2 phosphorylation is essential for the viability of neurons and not glia. Metallomics 2022; 14:mfac005. [PMID: 35150272 PMCID: PMC8975716 DOI: 10.1093/mtomcs/mfac005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Intracellular copper [Cu(I)] has been hypothesized to play role in the differentiation of the neurons. This necessitates understanding the role of Cu(I) not only in the neurons but also in the glia considering their anatomical proximity, contribution towards ion homeostasis, and neurodegeneration. In this study, we did a systematic investigation of the changes in the cellular copper homeostasis during neuronal and glial differentiation and the pathways triggered by them. Our study demonstrates increased mRNA for the plasma membrane copper transporter CTR1 leading to increased Cu(I) during the neuronal (PC-12) differentiation. ATP7A is retained in the trans-Golgi network (TGN) despite high Cu(I) demonstrating its utilization towards the neuronal differentiation. Intracellular copper triggers pathways essential for neurite generation and ERK1/2 activation during the neuronal differentiation. ERK1/2 activation also accompanies the differentiation of the foetal brain derived neuronal progenitor cells. The study demonstrates that ERK1/2 phosphorylation is essential for the viability of the neurons. In contrast, differentiated C-6 (glia) cells contain low intracellular copper and significant downregulation of the ERK1/2 phosphorylation demonstrating that ERK1/2 activation does not regulate the viability of the glia. But ATP7A shows vesicular localization despite low copper in the glia. In addition to the TGN, ATP7A localizes into RAB11 positive recycling endosomes in the glial neurites. Our study demonstrates the role of copper dependent ERK1/2 phosphorylation in the neuronal viability. Whereas glial differentiation largely involves sequestration of Cu(I) into the endosomes potentially (i) for ready release and (ii) rendering cytosolic copper unavailable for pathways like the ERK1/2 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sumanta Kar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Kolkata, India
| | - Bhawana Rai
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Kolkata, India
| | - Reshma Bhagat
- Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, Neurovirology Division, National Brain Research Centre, Manesar, India
| | - Nabanita Naskar
- Chemical Sciences Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata, India
| | - Pankaj Seth
- Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, Neurovirology Division, National Brain Research Centre, Manesar, India
| | - Arnab Gupta
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Kolkata, India
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15
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Maung MT, Carlson A, Olea-Flores M, Elkhadragy L, Schachtschneider KM, Navarro-Tito N, Padilla-Benavides T. The molecular and cellular basis of copper dysregulation and its relationship with human pathologies. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21810. [PMID: 34390520 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100273rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Copper (Cu) is an essential micronutrient required for the activity of redox-active enzymes involved in critical metabolic reactions, signaling pathways, and biological functions. Transporters and chaperones control Cu ion levels and bioavailability to ensure proper subcellular and systemic Cu distribution. Intensive research has focused on understanding how mammalian cells maintain Cu homeostasis, and how molecular signals coordinate Cu acquisition and storage within organs. In humans, mutations of genes that regulate Cu homeostasis or facilitate interactions with Cu ions lead to numerous pathologic conditions. Malfunctions of the Cu+ -transporting ATPases ATP7A and ATP7B cause Menkes disease and Wilson disease, respectively. Additionally, defects in the mitochondrial and cellular distributions and homeostasis of Cu lead to severe neurodegenerative conditions, mitochondrial myopathies, and metabolic diseases. Cu has a dual nature in carcinogenesis as a promotor of tumor growth and an inducer of redox stress in cancer cells. Cu also plays role in cancer treatment as a component of drugs and a regulator of drug sensitivity and uptake. In this review, we provide an overview of the current knowledge of Cu metabolism and transport and its relation to various human pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- May T Maung
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Wesleyan University, Middletown, CT, USA
| | - Alyssa Carlson
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Wesleyan University, Middletown, CT, USA
| | - Monserrat Olea-Flores
- Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Guerrero, Mexico
| | - Lobna Elkhadragy
- Department of Radiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kyle M Schachtschneider
- Department of Radiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,National Center for Supercomputing Applications, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Napoleon Navarro-Tito
- Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Guerrero, Mexico
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16
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Pharmacokinetics of CuGTSM, a Novel Drug Candidate, in a Mouse Model of Menkes Disease. Pharm Res 2021; 38:1335-1344. [PMID: 34403032 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-021-03090-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Menkes disease is a rare hereditary disease in which systemic deficiency of copper due to mutation of the ATP7A gene causes severe neurodegenerative disorders. The present parenteral drugs have limited efficacy, so there is a need for an efficacious drug that can be administered orally. This study focused on glyoxal-bis (N(4)-methylthiosemicarbazonato)-copper(II (CuGTSM), which has shown efficacy in macular mice, a murine model of Menkes disease, and examined its pharmacokinetics. In addition, nanosized CuGTSM (nCuGTSM) was prepared, and the effects of nanosizing on CuGTSM pharmacokinetics were investigated. METHODS CuGTSM or nCuGTSM (10 mg/kg) was administered orally to male macular mice or C3H/HeNCrl mice (control), and plasma was obtained by serial blood sampling. Plasma concentrations of CuGTSM and GTSM were measured by LC-MS/MS and pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated. RESULTS When CuGTSM was administered orally, CuGTSM and GTSM were both detected in the plasma of both mouse strains. When nCuGTSM was administered, the Cmax was markedly higher, and the mean residence time was longer than when CuGTSM was administered for both CuGTSM and GTSM in both mouse strains. With macular mice, the AUC ratio (GTSM/CuGTSM) was markedly higher and the plasma CuGTSM concentration was lower than with C3H/HeNCrl mice when either CuGTSM or nCuGTSM was administered. CONCLUSION Absorption of orally administered CuGTSM was confirmed in macular mice, and the nano-formulation improved the absorption and retention of CuGTSM in the body. However, the plasma concentration of CuGTSM was lower in macular mice than in control mice, suggesting easier dissociation of CuGTSM.
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17
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Kondo M, Hara H, Kamijo F, Kamiya T, Adachi T. 6-Hydroxydopamine disrupts cellular copper homeostasis in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. Metallomics 2021; 13:6311138. [PMID: 34185060 DOI: 10.1093/mtomcs/mfab041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Copper (Cu) is an essential trace element that plays an important role in maintaining neuronal functions such as the biosynthesis of neurotransmitters. In contrast, exposure to excess Cu results in cell injury. Therefore, intracellular Cu levels are strictly regulated by proteins related to Cu-trafficking, including ATP7A. Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder and is characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. Recently, the abnormality of Cu homeostasis was demonstrated to be related to the pathogenesis of PD. However, the association between Cu dyshomeostasis and PD remains unclear. In this study, we examined the effects of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), a neurotoxin used for the production of PD model animals, on cellular Cu trafficking in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. 6-OHDA reduced the protein levels of the Cu exporter ATP7A and the Cu chaperone Atox1, but not CTR1, a Cu importer; however, it did not affect the expression of ATP7A and Atox1 mRNAs. The decreased levels of ATP7A and Atox1 proteins were restored by the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine and the lysosomal inhibitor bafilomycin A1. This suggests that 6-OHDA-induced oxidative stress facilitates the degradation of these proteins. In addition, the amount of intracellular Cu after exposure to CuCl2 was significantly higher in cells pretreated with 6-OHDA than in untreated cells. Moreover, 6-OHDA reduced the protein levels of the cuproenzyme dopamine β-hydroxylase that converts dopamine to noradrenaline. Thus, this study suggests that 6-OHDA disrupts Cu homeostasis through the dysregulation of cellular Cu trafficking, resulting in the dysfunction of neuronal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao Kondo
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu, 501-1196, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Hara
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu, 501-1196, Japan
| | - Fuka Kamijo
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu, 501-1196, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Kamiya
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu, 501-1196, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Adachi
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu, 501-1196, Japan
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18
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Contact Activation Inhibitor, AB023, in Heparin-Free Hemodialysis: Results of a Randomized Phase 2 Clinical Trial. Blood 2021; 138:2173-2184. [PMID: 34086880 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2021011725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
End-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients on chronic hemodialysis have repeated blood exposure to artificial surfaces that can trigger clot formation within the hemodialysis circuit. Dialyzer clotting can lead to anemia despite erythropoietin and iron supplementation. Unfractionated heparin prevents clotting during hemodialysis, but it is not tolerated by all patients. Although heparin-free dialysis is performed, intradialytic blood entrapment can be problematic. To address this issue, we performed a randomized, double-blind, phase 2 study comparing AB023, a unique antibody that binds factor (F) XI and blocks its activation by factor XIIa but not by thrombin, to placebo in 24 patients with ESRD undergoing heparin-free hemodialysis (www.clinicaltrials.gov #NCT03612856). Patients were randomized to receive a single pre-dialysis dose of AB023 (0.25 or 0.5 mg/kg) or placebo in a 2:1 ratio and safety and preliminary efficacy were compared to placebo and to observations made prior to dosing within each treatment arm. AB023 administration was not associated with impaired hemostasis or other drug-related adverse events. Occlusive events requiring hemodialysis circuit exchange were less frequent and levels of thrombin-antithrombin complexes and C-reactive protein were lower after AB023 administration compared with data collected prior to dosing. AB023 also reduced potassium and iron entrapment in the dialyzers, consistent with less blood accumulation within the dialyzers. We conclude that despite the small sample size, inhibition of contact activation-induced coagulation with AB023 was well tolerated and reduced clotting within the dialyzer.
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19
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Autophagy deficiency exacerbates acute lung injury induced by copper oxide nanoparticles. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:162. [PMID: 34059066 PMCID: PMC8166141 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-00909-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs) are one of the widely used metal nanoparticles in the industrial and commercial fields. Autophagy is an intracellular degradation system that delivers cytoplasmic constituents to the lysosome and has been linked to nanoparticles-induced toxicity. In particular, the roles of autophagy in response to CuONPs have been explored in vitro, although the conclusions are controversial. To clarify the role of autophagy in CuONPs-induced acute lung injury, microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta (Map1lc3b or lc3b) knockout mice and their corresponding wild type mice are applied. Our results showed that single-dose intratracheal instillation of CuONPs with dosages of 1.25, 2.5 or 5 mg/kg caused acute lung injury 3 days after treatment in a dose-dependent manner, as evidenced by deteriorative lung histopathology, more infiltration of macrophage cells, increased oxidative stress and copper ions. Loss of lc3b resulted in aggravated lung injury induced by CuONPs, which was probably due to the blockade of mitophagy and consequently the accumulation of aberrant mitochondria with overloaded copper ions. Our study provides the first in vivo evidence that autophagy deficiency exacerbates CuONPs-induced acute lung injury, and highlights that targeting autophagy is a meaningful strategy against CuONPs-associated respiratory toxicity.
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20
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ATP7A-Regulated Enzyme Metalation and Trafficking in the Menkes Disease Puzzle. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9040391. [PMID: 33917579 PMCID: PMC8067471 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9040391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Copper is vital for numerous cellular functions affecting all tissues and organ systems in the body. The copper pump, ATP7A is critical for whole-body, cellular, and subcellular copper homeostasis, and dysfunction due to genetic defects results in Menkes disease. ATP7A dysfunction leads to copper deficiency in nervous tissue, liver, and blood but accumulation in other tissues. Site-specific cellular deficiencies of copper lead to loss of function of copper-dependent enzymes in all tissues, and the range of Menkes disease pathologies observed can now be explained in full by lack of specific copper enzymes. New pathways involving copper activated lysosomal and steroid sulfatases link patient symptoms usually related to other inborn errors of metabolism to Menkes disease. Additionally, new roles for lysyl oxidase in activation of molecules necessary for the innate immune system, and novel adapter molecules that play roles in ERGIC trafficking of brain receptors and other proteins, are emerging. We here summarize the current knowledge of the roles of copper enzyme function in Menkes disease, with a focus on ATP7A-mediated enzyme metalation in the secretory pathway. By establishing mechanistic relationships between copper-dependent cellular processes and Menkes disease symptoms in patients will not only increase understanding of copper biology but will also allow for the identification of an expanding range of copper-dependent enzymes and pathways. This will raise awareness of rare patient symptoms, and thus aid in early diagnosis of Menkes disease patients.
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21
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Lee AY. Skin Pigmentation Abnormalities and Their Possible Relationship with Skin Aging. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073727. [PMID: 33918445 PMCID: PMC8038212 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin disorders showing abnormal pigmentation are often difficult to manage because of their uncertain etiology or pathogenesis. Abnormal pigmentation is a common symptom accompanying aging skin. The association between skin aging and skin pigmentation abnormalities can be attributed to certain inherited disorders characterized by premature aging and abnormal pigmentation in the skin and some therapeutic modalities effective for both. Several molecular mechanisms, including oxidative stress, mitochondrial DNA mutations, DNA damage, telomere shortening, hormonal changes, and autophagy impairment, have been identified as involved in skin aging. Although each of these skin aging-related mechanisms are interconnected, this review examined the role of each mechanism in skin hyperpigmentation or hypopigmentation to propose the possible association between skin aging and pigmentation abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Young Lee
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, 814 Siksa-dong, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si 410-773, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
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22
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Muchenditsi A, Talbot CC, Gottlieb A, Yang H, Kang B, Boronina T, Cole R, Wang L, Dev S, Hamilton JP, Lutsenko S. Systemic deletion of Atp7b modifies the hepatocytes' response to copper overload in the mouse models of Wilson disease. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5659. [PMID: 33707579 PMCID: PMC7952580 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84894-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Wilson disease (WD) is caused by inactivation of the copper transporter Atp7b and copper overload in tissues. Mice with Atp7b deleted either globally (systemic inactivation) or only in hepatocyte recapitulate various aspects of human disease. However, their phenotypes vary, and neither the common response to copper overload nor factors contributing to variability are well defined. Using metabolic, histologic, and proteome analyses in three Atp7b-deficient mouse strains, we show that global inactivation of Atp7b enhances and specifically modifies the hepatocyte response to Cu overload. The loss of Atp7b only in hepatocytes dysregulates lipid and nucleic acid metabolisms and increases the abundance of respiratory chain components and redox balancing enzymes. In global knockouts, independently of their background, the metabolism of lipid, nucleic acid, and amino acids is inhibited, respiratory chain components are down-regulated, inflammatory response and regulation of chromosomal replication are enhanced. Decrease in glucokinase and lathosterol oxidase and elevation of mucin-13 and S100A10 are observed in all Atp7b mutant strains and reflect the extent of liver injury. The magnitude of proteomic changes in Atp7b-/- animals inversely correlates with the metallothioneins levels rather than liver Cu content. These findings facilitate identification of WD-specific metabolic and proteomic changes for diagnostic and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigael Muchenditsi
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutes, 725 N Wolfe street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - C Conover Talbot
- Core Analysis Unit, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutes, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Aline Gottlieb
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutes, 725 N Wolfe street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Haojun Yang
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutes, 725 N Wolfe street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Byunghak Kang
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutes, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Tatiana Boronina
- Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Facility, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutes, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Robert Cole
- Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Facility, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutes, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutes, 725 N Wolfe street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Som Dev
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutes, 725 N Wolfe street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - James P Hamilton
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutes, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Svetlana Lutsenko
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutes, 725 N Wolfe street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
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Hartwig C, Méndez GM, Bhattacharjee S, Vrailas-Mortimer AD, Zlatic SA, Freeman AAH, Gokhale A, Concilli M, Werner E, Sapp Savas C, Rudin-Rush S, Palmer L, Shearing N, Margewich L, McArthy J, Taylor S, Roberts B, Lupashin V, Polishchuk RS, Cox DN, Jorquera RA, Faundez V. Golgi-Dependent Copper Homeostasis Sustains Synaptic Development and Mitochondrial Content. J Neurosci 2021; 41:215-233. [PMID: 33208468 PMCID: PMC7810662 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1284-20.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Rare genetic diseases preponderantly affect the nervous system causing neurodegeneration to neurodevelopmental disorders. This is the case for both Menkes and Wilson disease, arising from mutations in ATP7A and ATP7B, respectively. The ATP7A and ATP7B proteins localize to the Golgi and regulate copper homeostasis. We demonstrate genetic and biochemical interactions between ATP7 paralogs with the conserved oligomeric Golgi (COG) complex, a Golgi apparatus vesicular tether. Disruption of Drosophila copper homeostasis by ATP7 tissue-specific transgenic expression caused alterations in epidermis, aminergic, sensory, and motor neurons. Prominent among neuronal phenotypes was a decreased mitochondrial content at synapses, a phenotype that paralleled with alterations of synaptic morphology, transmission, and plasticity. These neuronal and synaptic phenotypes caused by transgenic expression of ATP7 were rescued by downregulation of COG complex subunits. We conclude that the integrity of Golgi-dependent copper homeostasis mechanisms, requiring ATP7 and COG, are necessary to maintain mitochondria functional integrity and localization to synapses.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Menkes and Wilson disease affect copper homeostasis and characteristically afflict the nervous system. However, their molecular neuropathology mechanisms remain mostly unexplored. We demonstrate that copper homeostasis in neurons is maintained by two factors that localize to the Golgi apparatus, ATP7 and the conserved oligomeric Golgi (COG) complex. Disruption of these mechanisms affect mitochondrial function and localization to synapses as well as neurotransmission and synaptic plasticity. These findings suggest communication between the Golgi apparatus and mitochondria through homeostatically controlled cellular copper levels and copper-dependent enzymatic activities in both organelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cortnie Hartwig
- Departments of Cell Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | | | - Shatabdi Bhattacharjee
- Neuroscience Institute, Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30302
| | | | | | - Amanda A H Freeman
- The Center for the Study of Human Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - Avanti Gokhale
- Departments of Cell Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - Mafalda Concilli
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli 80078, Italy
| | - Erica Werner
- Departments of Cell Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | | | | | - Laura Palmer
- Departments of Cell Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - Nicole Shearing
- Departments of Cell Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - Lindsey Margewich
- School of Biological Sciences, IL State University, Normal, Illinois 617901
| | - Jacob McArthy
- School of Biological Sciences, IL State University, Normal, Illinois 617901
| | - Savanah Taylor
- School of Biological Sciences, IL State University, Normal, Illinois 617901
| | - Blaine Roberts
- Departments of Biochemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - Vladimir Lupashin
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205
| | - Roman S Polishchuk
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli 80078, Italy
| | - Daniel N Cox
- Neuroscience Institute, Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30302
| | - Ramon A Jorquera
- Neuroscience Department, Universidad Central del Caribe, Bayamon, Puerto Rico 00956
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370186, Chile
| | - Victor Faundez
- Departments of Cell Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
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24
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Bakkar N, Starr A, Rabichow BE, Lorenzini I, McEachin ZT, Kraft R, Chaung M, Macklin-Isquierdo S, Wingfield T, Carhart B, Zahler N, Chang WH, Bassell GJ, Betourne A, Boulis N, Alworth SV, Ichida JK, August PR, Zarnescu DC, Sattler R, Bowser R. The M1311V variant of ATP7A is associated with impaired trafficking and copper homeostasis in models of motor neuron disease. Neurobiol Dis 2020; 149:105228. [PMID: 33359139 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2020.105228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Disruption in copper homeostasis causes a number of cognitive and motor deficits. Wilson's disease and Menkes disease are neurodevelopmental disorders resulting from mutations in the copper transporters ATP7A and ATP7B, with ATP7A mutations also causing occipital horn syndrome, and distal motor neuropathy. A 65 year old male presenting with brachial amyotrophic diplegia and diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) was found to harbor a p.Met1311Val (M1311V) substitution variant in ATP7A. ALS is a fatal neurodegenerative disease associated with progressive muscle weakness, synaptic deficits and degeneration of upper and lower motor neurons. To investigate the potential contribution of the ATP7AM1311V variant to neurodegeneration, we obtained and characterized both patient-derived fibroblasts and patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells differentiated into motor neurons (iPSC-MNs), and compared them to control cell lines. We found reduced localization of ATP7AM1311V to the trans-Golgi network (TGN) at basal copper levels in patient-derived fibroblasts and iPSC-MNs. In addition, redistribution of ATP7AM1311V out of the TGN in response to increased extracellular copper was defective in patient fibroblasts. This manifested in enhanced intracellular copper accumulation and reduced survival of ATP7AM1311V fibroblasts. iPSC-MNs harboring the ATP7AM1311V variant showed decreased dendritic complexity, aberrant spontaneous firing, and decreased survival. Finally, expression of the ATP7AM1311V variant in Drosophila motor neurons resulted in motor deficits. Apilimod, a drug that targets vesicular transport and recently shown to enhance survival of C9orf72-ALS/FTD iPSC-MNs, also increased survival of ATP7AM1311V iPSC-MNs and reduced motor deficits in Drosophila expressing ATP7AM1311V. Taken together, these observations suggest that ATP7AM1311V negatively impacts its role as a copper transporter and impairs several aspects of motor neuron function and morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Bakkar
- Department of Neurobiology, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA
| | - Alexander Starr
- Department of Neurobiology, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA
| | - Benjamin E Rabichow
- Department of Neurobiology, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA
| | - Ileana Lorenzini
- Department of Neurobiology, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA
| | - Zachary T McEachin
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Robert Kraft
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Neuroscience, and Neurology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Matthew Chaung
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Neuroscience, and Neurology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Sam Macklin-Isquierdo
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Neuroscience, and Neurology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Taylor Wingfield
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Neuroscience, and Neurology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Briggs Carhart
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Neuroscience, and Neurology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | | | | | - Gary J Bassell
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | | | - Nicholas Boulis
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | | | | | | | - Daniela C Zarnescu
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Neuroscience, and Neurology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Rita Sattler
- Department of Neurobiology, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA.
| | - Robert Bowser
- Department of Neurobiology, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA.
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25
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Lee D, Jo MG, Kim SY, Chung CG, Lee SB. Dietary Antioxidants and the Mitochondrial Quality Control: Their Potential Roles in Parkinson's Disease Treatment. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9111056. [PMID: 33126703 PMCID: PMC7692176 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9111056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in medicine and dietary standards over recent decades have remarkably increased human life expectancy. Unfortunately, the chance of developing age-related diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs), increases with increased life expectancy. High metabolic demands of neurons are met by mitochondria, damage of which is thought to contribute to the development of many NDDs including Parkinson’s disease (PD). Mitochondrial damage is closely associated with the abnormal production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are widely known to be toxic in various cellular environments, including NDD contexts. Thus, ways to prevent or slow mitochondrial dysfunction are needed for the treatment of these NDDs. In this review, we first detail how ROS are associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and review the cellular mechanisms, such as the mitochondrial quality control (MQC) system, by which neurons defend against both abnormal production of ROS and the subsequent accumulation of damaged mitochondria. We next highlight previous studies that link mitochondrial dysfunction with PD and how dietary antioxidants might provide reinforcement of the MQC system. Finally, we discuss how aging plays a role in mitochondrial dysfunction and PD before considering how healthy aging through proper diet and exercise may be salutary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davin Lee
- Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Korea; (D.L.); (M.G.J.); (S.Y.K.)
- Protein Dynamics-Based Proteotoxicity Control Laboratory, Basic Research Lab, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Korea
| | - Min Gu Jo
- Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Korea; (D.L.); (M.G.J.); (S.Y.K.)
- Protein Dynamics-Based Proteotoxicity Control Laboratory, Basic Research Lab, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Korea
| | - Seung Yeon Kim
- Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Korea; (D.L.); (M.G.J.); (S.Y.K.)
- Protein Dynamics-Based Proteotoxicity Control Laboratory, Basic Research Lab, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Korea
| | - Chang Geon Chung
- Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Korea; (D.L.); (M.G.J.); (S.Y.K.)
- Protein Dynamics-Based Proteotoxicity Control Laboratory, Basic Research Lab, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Korea
- Correspondence: (C.G.C.); (S.B.L.)
| | - Sung Bae Lee
- Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Korea; (D.L.); (M.G.J.); (S.Y.K.)
- Protein Dynamics-Based Proteotoxicity Control Laboratory, Basic Research Lab, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Korea
- Correspondence: (C.G.C.); (S.B.L.)
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26
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Gudekar N, Shanbhag V, Wang Y, Ralle M, Weisman GA, Petris MJ. Metallothioneins regulate ATP7A trafficking and control cell viability during copper deficiency and excess. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7856. [PMID: 32398691 PMCID: PMC7217913 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64521-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Copper (Cu) is an essential, yet potentially toxic nutrient, as illustrated by inherited diseases of copper deficiency and excess. Elevated expression of the ATP7A Cu exporter is known to confer copper tolerance, however, the contribution of metal-binding metallothioneins is less clear. In this study, we investigated the relative contributions of ATP7A and the metallothioneins MT-I and MT-II to cell viability under conditions of Cu excess or deficiency. Although the loss of ATP7A increased sensitivity to low Cu concentrations, the absence of MTs did not significantly affect Cu tolerance. However, the absence of all three proteins caused a synthetic lethal phenotype due to extreme Cu sensitivity, indicating that MTs are critical for Cu tolerance only in the absence of ATP7A. A lack of MTs resulted in the trafficking of ATP7A from the trans-Golgi complex in a Cu-dependent manner, suggesting that MTs regulate the delivery of Cu to ATP7A. Under Cu deficiency conditions, the absence of MTs and / or ATP7A enhanced cell proliferation compared to wild type cells, suggesting that these proteins compete with essential Cu-dependent pathways when Cu is scarce. These studies reveal new roles for ATP7A and metallothioneins under both Cu deficiency and excess.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Gudekar
- The Genetics Area Program, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
- The Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Vinit Shanbhag
- The Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
- The Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Yanfang Wang
- The Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
- The Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Martina Ralle
- The Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, 97239, USA
| | - Gary A Weisman
- The Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
- The Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Michael J Petris
- The Genetics Area Program, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
- The Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
- The Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
- The Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
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27
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Hatori Y, Kubo T, Sato Y, Inouye S, Akagi R, Seyama T. Visualization of the Redox Status of Cytosolic Glutathione Using the Organelle- and Cytoskeleton-Targeted Redox Sensors. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9020129. [PMID: 32028573 PMCID: PMC7070464 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9020129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Glutathione is a small thiol-containing peptide that plays a central role in maintaining cellular redox homeostasis. Glutathione serves as a physiologic redox buffer by providing thiol electrons for catabolizing harmful oxidants and reversing oxidative effects on biomolecules. Recent evidence suggests that the balance of reduced and oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) defines the redox states of Cys residues in proteins and fine-tunes their stabilities and functions. To elucidate the redox balance of cellular glutathione at subcellular resolution, a number of redox-sensitive green fluorescent protein (roGFP) variants have been developed. In this study, we constructed and functionally validated organelle- and cytoskeleton-targeted roGFP and elucidated the redox status of the cytosolic glutathione at a subcellular resolution. These new redox sensors firmly established a highly reduced redox equilibrium of cytosolic glutathione, wherein significant deviation was observed among cells. By targeting the sensor to the cytosolic and lumen sides of the Golgi membrane, we identified a prominent redox gradient across the biological membrane at the Golgi body. The results demonstrated that organelle- and cytoskeleton-targeted sensors enable the assessment of glutathione oxidation near the cytosolic surfaces of different organelle membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Hatori
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Yasuda Women’s University, Hiroshima 731-0153, Japan; (T.K.); (Y.S.); (R.A.); (T.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Takanori Kubo
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Yasuda Women’s University, Hiroshima 731-0153, Japan; (T.K.); (Y.S.); (R.A.); (T.S.)
| | - Yuichiro Sato
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Yasuda Women’s University, Hiroshima 731-0153, Japan; (T.K.); (Y.S.); (R.A.); (T.S.)
| | - Sachiye Inouye
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sanyo-Onoda City University, Yamaguchi 756-0884, Japan;
| | - Reiko Akagi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Yasuda Women’s University, Hiroshima 731-0153, Japan; (T.K.); (Y.S.); (R.A.); (T.S.)
| | - Toshio Seyama
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Yasuda Women’s University, Hiroshima 731-0153, Japan; (T.K.); (Y.S.); (R.A.); (T.S.)
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28
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Bhattacharjee A, Ghosh S, Chatterji A, Chakraborty K. Neuron-glia: understanding cellular copper homeostasis, its cross-talk and their contribution towards neurodegenerative diseases. Metallomics 2020; 12:1897-1911. [PMID: 33295934 DOI: 10.1039/d0mt00168f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Over the years, the mechanism of copper homeostasis in various organ systems has gained importance. This is owing to the involvement of copper in a wide range of genetic disorders, most of them involving neurological symptoms. This highlights the importance of copper and its tight regulation in a complex organ system like the brain. It demands understanding the mechanism of copper acquisition and delivery to various cell types overcoming the limitation imposed by the blood brain barrier. The present review aims to investigate the existing work to understand the mechanism and complexity of cellular copper homeostasis in the two major cell types of the CNS - the neurons and the astrocytes. It investigates the mechanism of copper uptake, incorporation and export by these cell types. Furthermore, it brings forth the common as well as the exclusive aspects of neuronal and glial copper homeostasis including the studies from copper-based sensors. Glia act as a mediator of copper supply between the endothelium and the neurons. They possess all the qualifications of acting as a 'copper-sponge' for supply to the neurons. The neurons, on the other hand, require copper for various essential functions like incorporation as a cofactor for enzymes, synaptogenesis, axonal extension, inhibition of postsynaptic excitotoxicity, etc. Lastly, we also aim to understand the neuronal and glial pathology in various copper homeostasis disorders. The etiology of glial pathology and its contribution towards neuronal pathology and vice versa underlies the complexity of the neuropathology associated with the copper metabolism disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashima Bhattacharjee
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Plot No: 36, 37 & 38, Major Arterial Road, Action Area II, Kadampukur Village, Rajarhat, Newtown, Kolkata, West Bengal 700135, India.
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29
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Hatori Y. [Analyzing the Redox Status of Intracellular Glutathione and Its Application to an Intestinal Bowel Disease Model]. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2019; 139:1523-1530. [PMID: 31787639 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.19-00184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress, including reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and resulting glutathione oxidation, have been implicated in numerous aspects of cell physiology and human pathology such as cell senescence, cell differentiation, and inflammation. Significant effort has been made to establish methods of analyzing ROS levels and glutathione oxidation within a living cell. The recent development of redox-sensitive green fluorescent protein (GFP) variants enables a robust and accurate estimation of ROS level and glutathione oxidation at subcellular resolution. We created membrane-targeted versions of glutathione and hydrogen peroxide sensors by attaching palmitoylation signals to existing sensors (Grx1-roGFP2 and roGFP2-Orp1, respectively), and demonstrated the nonuniform distribution of these oxidative elements within cytosol. In living cells, cytosolic glutathione is highly reduced, and hydrogen peroxide is barely detected. Nevertheless, near the cytoplasmic side of intracellular vesicular membranes, significant glutathione oxidation and hydrogen peroxide were successfully probed by our sensors, clearly showing the difference between various areas within cytosol. Currently, these sensors are being applied to an intestinal inflammation model which is constituted by co-culturing intestinal epithelial cells and macrophage-like inflammatory cells derived from THP-1. This review covers the current status of studies regarding the association of oxidative stress and intestinal inflammation, with a focus on the redox regulation of intracellular glutathione.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Hatori
- Department of Medical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yasuda Women's University
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30
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Pek RH, Yuan X, Rietzschel N, Zhang J, Jackson L, Nishibori E, Ribeiro A, Simmons W, Jagadeesh J, Sugimoto H, Alam MZ, Garrett L, Haldar M, Ralle M, Phillips JD, Bodine DM, Hamza I. Hemozoin produced by mammals confers heme tolerance. eLife 2019; 8:e49503. [PMID: 31571584 PMCID: PMC6773446 DOI: 10.7554/elife.49503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Free heme is cytotoxic as exemplified by hemolytic diseases and genetic deficiencies in heme recycling and detoxifying pathways. Thus, intracellular accumulation of heme has not been observed in mammalian cells to date. Here we show that mice deficient for the heme transporter SLC48A1 (also known as HRG1) accumulate over ten-fold excess heme in reticuloendothelial macrophage lysosomes that are 10 to 100 times larger than normal. Macrophages tolerate these high concentrations of heme by crystallizing them into hemozoin, which heretofore has only been found in blood-feeding organisms. SLC48A1 deficiency results in impaired erythroid maturation and an inability to systemically respond to iron deficiency. Complete heme tolerance requires a fully-operational heme degradation pathway as haplo insufficiency of HMOX1 combined with SLC48A1 inactivation causes perinatal lethality demonstrating synthetic lethal interactions between heme transport and degradation. Our studies establish the formation of hemozoin by mammals as a previously unsuspected heme tolerance pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rini H Pek
- Department of Animal and Avian SciencesUniversity of MarylandCollege ParkUnited States
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular GeneticsUniversity of MarylandCollege ParkUnited States
| | - Xiaojing Yuan
- Department of Animal and Avian SciencesUniversity of MarylandCollege ParkUnited States
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular GeneticsUniversity of MarylandCollege ParkUnited States
| | - Nicole Rietzschel
- Department of Animal and Avian SciencesUniversity of MarylandCollege ParkUnited States
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular GeneticsUniversity of MarylandCollege ParkUnited States
| | - Jianbing Zhang
- Department of Animal and Avian SciencesUniversity of MarylandCollege ParkUnited States
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular GeneticsUniversity of MarylandCollege ParkUnited States
| | - Laurie Jackson
- Department of MedicineUniversity of Utah School of MedicineSalt Lake CityUnited States
| | - Eiji Nishibori
- Faculty of Pure and Applied SciencesUniversity of TsukubaTsukubaJapan
- Tsukuba Research Center for Energy Materials ScienceUniversity of TsukabaTsukabaJapan
| | - Ana Ribeiro
- Department of Animal and Avian SciencesUniversity of MarylandCollege ParkUnited States
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular GeneticsUniversity of MarylandCollege ParkUnited States
| | - William Simmons
- Genetics and Molecular Biology BranchNational Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | - Jaya Jagadeesh
- Genetics and Molecular Biology BranchNational Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | | | - Md Zahidul Alam
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicinePerelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Lisa Garrett
- NHGRI Embryonic Stem Cell and Transgenic Mouse CoreNational Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | - Malay Haldar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicinePerelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Martina Ralle
- Department of Molecular and Medical GeneticsOregon Health and Science UniversityPortlandUnited States
| | - John D Phillips
- Department of MedicineUniversity of Utah School of MedicineSalt Lake CityUnited States
| | - David M Bodine
- Genetics and Molecular Biology BranchNational Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | - Iqbal Hamza
- Department of Animal and Avian SciencesUniversity of MarylandCollege ParkUnited States
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular GeneticsUniversity of MarylandCollege ParkUnited States
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31
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Yang H, Liu CN, Wolf RM, Ralle M, Dev S, Pierson H, Askin F, Steele KE, Magnuson TH, Schweitzer MA, Wong GW, Lutsenko S. Obesity is associated with copper elevation in serum and tissues. Metallomics 2019; 11:1363-1371. [PMID: 31249997 DOI: 10.1039/c9mt00148d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Copper misbalance has been linked to fat accumulation in animals and experimental systems; however, information about copper homeostasis in human obesity is limited. In this study, the copper status of obese individuals was evaluated by measuring their levels of copper and cuproproteins in serum, adipose and hepatic tissues. The analysis of serum trace elements showed significant positive and element-specific correlation between copper and BMI after controlling for gender, age, and ethnicity. Serum copper also positively correlated with leptin, insulin, and the leptin/BMI ratio. When compared to lean controls, obese patients had elevated circulating cuproproteins, such as semucarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO) and ceruloplasmin, and higher SSAO activity and copper levels in visceral fat. Although hepatic steatosis reduces copper levels in the liver, obese patients with no or mild steatosis have higher copper content in the liver compared to lean controls. In conclusion, obese patients evaluated in this study had altered copper status. Strong positive correlations of copper levels with BMI and leptin suggest that copper and/or cuproproteins may be functionally linked to fat accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haojun Yang
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Chin-Nung Liu
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Risa M Wolf
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA and Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Martina Ralle
- Department of Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Som Dev
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Hannah Pierson
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Frederic Askin
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kimberley E Steele
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Thomas H Magnuson
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michael A Schweitzer
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - G William Wong
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. and Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Svetlana Lutsenko
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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32
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Karginova O, Weekley CM, Raoul A, Alsayed A, Wu T, Lee SSY, He C, Olopade OI. Inhibition of Copper Transport Induces Apoptosis in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells and Suppresses Tumor Angiogenesis. Mol Cancer Ther 2019; 18:873-885. [PMID: 30824611 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-18-0667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of advanced breast cancer remains challenging. Copper and some of the copper-dependent proteins are emerging therapeutic targets because they are essential for cell proliferation and survival, and have been shown to stimulate angiogenesis and metastasis. Here, we show that DCAC50, a recently developed small-molecule inhibitor of the intracellular copper chaperones, ATOX1 and CCS, reduces cell proliferation and elevates oxidative stress, triggering apoptosis in a panel of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells. Inhibition of ATOX1 activity with DCAC50 disrupts copper homeostasis, leading to increased copper levels, altered spatial copper redistribution, and accumulation of ATP7B to the cellular perinuclear region. The extent and impact of this disruption to copper homeostasis vary across cell lines and correlate with cellular baseline copper and glutathione levels. Ultimately, treatment with DCAC50 attenuates tumor growth and suppresses angiogenesis in a xenograft mouse model, and prevents endothelial cell network formation in vitro Co-treatment with paclitaxel and DCAC50 enhances cytotoxicity in TNBC and results in favorable dose reduction of both drugs. These data demonstrate that inhibition of intracellular copper transport targets tumor cells and the tumor microenvironment, and is a promising approach to treat breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Karginova
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology/Oncology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Claire M Weekley
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Biophysical Dynamics and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute for Biophysical Dynamics and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Akila Raoul
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology/Oncology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Alhareth Alsayed
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology/Oncology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Tong Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Biophysical Dynamics and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute for Biophysical Dynamics and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Steve Seung-Young Lee
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Chuan He
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Biophysical Dynamics and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute for Biophysical Dynamics and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Olufunmilayo I Olopade
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology/Oncology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois. .,Center for Clinical Cancer Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
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33
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Polishchuk EV, Merolla A, Lichtmannegger J, Romano A, Indrieri A, Ilyechova EY, Concilli M, De Cegli R, Crispino R, Mariniello M, Petruzzelli R, Ranucci G, Iorio R, Pietrocola F, Einer C, Borchard S, Zibert A, Schmidt HH, Di Schiavi E, Puchkova LV, Franco B, Kroemer G, Zischka H, Polishchuk RS. Activation of Autophagy, Observed in Liver Tissues From Patients With Wilson Disease and From ATP7B-Deficient Animals, Protects Hepatocytes From Copper-Induced Apoptosis. Gastroenterology 2019; 156:1173-1189.e5. [PMID: 30452922 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2018.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Wilson disease (WD) is an inherited disorder of copper metabolism that leads to copper accumulation and toxicity in the liver and brain. It is caused by mutations in the adenosine triphosphatase copper transporting β gene (ATP7B), which encodes a protein that transports copper from hepatocytes into the bile. We studied ATP7B-deficient cells and animals to identify strategies to decrease copper toxicity in patients with WD. METHODS We used RNA-seq to compare gene expression patterns between wild-type and ATP7B-knockout HepG2 cells exposed to copper. We collected blood and liver tissues from Atp7b-/- and Atp7b+/- (control) rats (LPP) and mice; some mice were given 5 daily injections of an autophagy inhibitor (spautin-1) or vehicle. We obtained liver biopsies from 2 patients with WD in Italy and liver tissues from patients without WD (control). Liver tissues were analyzed by immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, cell viability, apoptosis assays, and electron and confocal microscopy. Proteins were knocked down in cell lines using small interfering RNAs. Levels of copper were measured in cell lysates, blood samples, liver homogenates, and subcellular fractions by spectroscopy. RESULTS After exposure to copper, ATP7B-knockout cells had significant increases in the expression of 103 genes that regulate autophagy (including MAP1LC3A, known as LC3) compared with wild-type cells. Electron and confocal microscopy visualized more autophagic structures in the cytoplasm of ATP7B-knockout cells than wild-type cells after copper exposure. Hepatocytes in liver tissues from patients with WD and from Atp7b-/- mice and rats (but not controls) had multiple autophagosomes. In ATP7B-knockout cells, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) had decreased activity and was dissociated from lysosomes; this resulted in translocation of the mTOR substrate transcription factor EB to the nucleus and activation of autophagy-related genes. In wild-type HepG2 cells (but not ATP7B-knockout cells), exposure to copper and amino acids induced recruitment of mTOR to lysosomes. Pharmacologic inhibitors of autophagy or knockdown of autophagy proteins ATG7 and ATG13 induced and accelerated the death of ATP7B-knockout HepG2 cells compared with wild-type cells. Autophagy protected ATP7B-knockout cells from copper-induced death. CONCLUSION ATP7B-deficient hepatocytes, such as in those in patients with WD, activate autophagy in response to copper overload to prevent copper-induced apoptosis. Agents designed to activate this autophagic pathway might decrease copper toxicity in patients with WD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena V Polishchuk
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy; ITMO University, St. Petersburg, Russia; Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources CNR, Italy
| | - Assunta Merolla
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Josef Lichtmannegger
- Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Alessia Romano
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessia Indrieri
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy; Department of Translational Medical Science, "Federico II" University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Ekaterina Y Ilyechova
- ITMO University, St. Petersburg, Russia; Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Mafalda Concilli
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Rossella De Cegli
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Roberta Crispino
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Marta Mariniello
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Giusy Ranucci
- Division of Metabolism, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Raffaele Iorio
- Department of Translational Medical Science, "Federico II" University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Federico Pietrocola
- Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR1138, Equipe labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France; Cell Biology and Metabolomics Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Claudia Einer
- Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Sabine Borchard
- Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Andree Zibert
- Klinik für Transplantationsmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Hartmut H Schmidt
- Klinik für Transplantationsmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Münster, Germany
| | | | | | - Brunella Franco
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy; Department of Translational Medical Science, "Federico II" University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR1138, Equipe labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France; Cell Biology and Metabolomics Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France; Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France; Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hans Zischka
- Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Toxicology and Environmental Hygiene, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Roman S Polishchuk
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy.
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Yamada Y, Prosser RA. Copper in the suprachiasmatic circadian clock: A possible link between multiple circadian oscillators. Eur J Neurosci 2018; 51:47-70. [PMID: 30269387 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The mammalian circadian clock in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) is very robust, able to coordinate our daily physiological and behavioral rhythms with exquisite accuracy. Simultaneously, the SCN clock is highly sensitive to environmental timing cues such as the solar cycle. This duality of resiliency and sensitivity may be sustained in part by a complex intertwining of three cellular oscillators: transcription/translation, metabolic/redox, and membrane excitability. We suggest here that one of the links connecting these oscillators may be forged from copper (Cu). Cellular Cu levels are highly regulated in the brain and peripherally, and Cu affects cellular metabolism, redox state, cell signaling, and transcription. We have shown that both Cu chelation and application induce nighttime phase shifts of the SCN clock in vitro and that these treatments affect glutamate, N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor, and associated signaling processes differently. More recently we found that Cu induces mitogen-activated protein kinase-dependent phase shifts, while the mechanisms by which Cu removal induces phase shifts remain unclear. Lastly, we have found that two Cu transporters are expressed in the SCN, and that one of these transporters (ATP7A) exhibits a day/night rhythm. Our results suggest that Cu homeostasis is tightly regulated in the SCN, and that changes in Cu levels may serve as a time cue for the circadian clock. We discuss these findings in light of the existing literature and current models of multiple coupled circadian oscillators in the SCN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukihiro Yamada
- Department of Biochemistry & Cellular and Molecular Biology, NeuroNET Research Center, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee
| | - Rebecca A Prosser
- Department of Biochemistry & Cellular and Molecular Biology, NeuroNET Research Center, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee
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Rakshit A, Khatua K, Shanbhag V, Comba P, Datta A. Cu 2+ selective chelators relieve copper-induced oxidative stress in vivo. Chem Sci 2018; 9:7916-7930. [PMID: 30450181 PMCID: PMC6202919 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc04041a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Copper ions are essential for biological function yet are severely detrimental when present in excess. At the molecular level, copper ions catalyze the production of hydroxyl radicals that can irreversibly alter essential bio-molecules. Hence, selective copper chelators that can remove excess copper ions and alleviate oxidative stress will help assuage copper-overload diseases. However, most currently available chelators are non-specific leading to multiple undesirable side-effects. The challenge is to build chelators that can bind to copper ions with high affinity but leave the levels of essential metal ions unaltered. Here we report the design and development of redox-state selective Cu ion chelators that have 108 times higher conditional stability constants toward Cu2+ compared to both Cu+ and other biologically relevant metal ions. This unique selectivity allows the specific removal of Cu2+ ions that would be available only under pathophysiological metal overload and oxidative stress conditions and provides access to effective removal of the aberrant redox-cycling Cu ion pool without affecting the essential non-redox cycling Cu+ labile pool. We have shown that the chelators provide distinct protection against copper-induced oxidative stress in vitro and in live cells via selective Cu2+ ion chelation. Notably, the chelators afford significant reduction in Cu-induced oxidative damage in Atp7a-/- Menkes disease model cells that have endogenously high levels of Cu ions. Finally, in vivo testing of our chelators in a live zebrafish larval model demonstrate their protective properties against copper-induced oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananya Rakshit
- Department of Chemical Sciences , Tata Institute of Fundamental Research , 1 Homi Bhabha Road, Colaba , Mumbai-400005 , India .
| | - Kaustav Khatua
- Department of Chemical Sciences , Tata Institute of Fundamental Research , 1 Homi Bhabha Road, Colaba , Mumbai-400005 , India .
| | - Vinit Shanbhag
- Department of Biochemistry , Christopher S. Bond Life Science Center , University of Missouri , Columbia , USA
| | - Peter Comba
- Universität Heidelberg , Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut , Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing , INF 270 , D-69120 Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Ankona Datta
- Department of Chemical Sciences , Tata Institute of Fundamental Research , 1 Homi Bhabha Road, Colaba , Mumbai-400005 , India .
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Yang H, Ralle M, Wolfgang MJ, Dhawan N, Burkhead JL, Rodriguez S, Kaplan JH, Wong GW, Haughey N, Lutsenko S. Copper-dependent amino oxidase 3 governs selection of metabolic fuels in adipocytes. PLoS Biol 2018; 16:e2006519. [PMID: 30199530 PMCID: PMC6130853 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.2006519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Copper (Cu) has emerged as an important modifier of body lipid metabolism. However, how Cu contributes to the physiology of fat cells remains largely unknown. We found that adipocytes require Cu to establish a balance between main metabolic fuels. Differentiating adipocytes increase their Cu uptake along with the ATP7A-dependent transport of Cu into the secretory pathway to activate a highly up-regulated amino-oxidase copper-containing 3 (AOC3)/semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO); in vivo, the activity of SSAO depends on the organism's Cu status. Activated SSAO oppositely regulates uptake of glucose and long-chain fatty acids and remodels the cellular proteome to coordinate changes in fuel availability and related downstream processes, such as glycolysis, de novo lipogenesis, and sphingomyelin/ceramide synthesis. The loss of SSAO-dependent regulation due to Cu deficiency, limited Cu transport to the secretory pathway, or SSAO inactivation shifts metabolism towards lipid-dependent pathways and results in adipocyte hypertrophy and fat accumulation. The results establish a role for Cu homeostasis in adipocyte metabolism and identify SSAO as a regulator of energy utilization processes in adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haojun Yang
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Martina Ralle
- Department of Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Michael J. Wolfgang
- Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Neha Dhawan
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jason L. Burkhead
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alaska Anchorage, Anchorage, Alaska, United States of America
| | - Susana Rodriguez
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jack H. Kaplan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - G. William Wong
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Norman Haughey
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Svetlana Lutsenko
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
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Low Ctr1p, due to lack of Sco1p results in lowered cisplatin uptake and mediates insensitivity of rho0 yeast to cisplatin. J Inorg Biochem 2018; 187:14-24. [PMID: 30041154 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Revised: 07/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Copper and cisplatin share copper transporter 1 (Ctr1) for cellular import. Copper depletion increases sensitivity of wild type yeast to cisplatin, whereas mitochondrial DNA-deficient rho0 cells are resistant to cisplatin. In the current study, we sought to determine whether copper deprivation modulates sensitivity of rho0 yeast to cisplatin. Yeast cultures grown in low copper medium and exposed to bathocuproine disulfonic acid resulted in significant reduction of intracellular copper. We report here that low copper medium rendered wild type hypersensitive to cisplatin, but failed to sensitize rho0 yeast to cisplatin. Wild type yeast grown in low copper medium exhibited ~2.0 fold enhanced cytotoxicity in survival and colony-forming ability compared to copper adequate wild type cells. The effect of copper restriction on cisplatin sensitivity was associated with upregulation of copper transporter 1 mRNA as well as protein, facilitating enhanced uptake and accumulation of cisplatin. Rho0 yeast also showed increased copper transporter 1 mRNA upon copper restriction, but failed to increase corresponding protein. Loss of synthesis of cytochrome coxidase 1 protein (Sco1) in rho0 cells deregulated copper transporter 1, impaired Pt uptake and lowered cytotoxicity, despite lowered glutathione levels. Sco1Δ mutants exhibited low copper transporter 1, reduced Pt accumulation suggesting that Sco1 mediated regulation of copper transporter 1 is responsible for altered sensitivity to cisplatin. Rho0 cells demonstrated loss of Sco1, resulting in copper deficiency by lowering copper transporter 1 abundance, via mechanism involving increased turnover due to ubiquitination. These findings reveal that a Sco1-dependent mitochondrial signal regulates cellular cisplatin import and cytotoxicity.
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38
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Bhattacharjee A, Chakraborty K, Shukla A. Cellular copper homeostasis: current concepts on its interplay with glutathione homeostasis and its implication in physiology and human diseases. Metallomics 2018; 9:1376-1388. [PMID: 28675215 DOI: 10.1039/c7mt00066a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Copper is a trace element essential for almost all living organisms. But the level of intracellular copper needs to be tightly regulated. Dysregulation of cellular copper homeostasis leading to various diseases demonstrates the importance of this tight regulation. Copper homeostasis is regulated not only within the cell but also within individual intracellular compartments. Inactivation of export machinery results in excess copper being redistributed into various intracellular organelles. Recent evidence suggests the involvement of glutathione in playing an important role in regulating copper entry and intracellular copper homeostasis. Therefore interplay of both homeostases might play an important role within the cell. Similar to copper, glutathione balance is tightly regulated within individual cellular compartments. This review explores the existing literature on the role of glutathione in regulating cellular copper homeostasis. On the one hand, interplay of glutathione and copper homeostasis performs an important role in normal physiological processes, for example neuronal differentiation. On the other hand, perturbation of the interplay might play a key role in the pathogenesis of copper homeostasis disorders.
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39
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Larsen PA, Hunnicutt KE, Larsen RJ, Yoder AD, Saunders AM. Warning SINEs: Alu elements, evolution of the human brain, and the spectrum of neurological disease. Chromosome Res 2018; 26:93-111. [PMID: 29460123 PMCID: PMC5857278 DOI: 10.1007/s10577-018-9573-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 01/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Alu elements are a highly successful family of primate-specific retrotransposons that have fundamentally shaped primate evolution, including the evolution of our own species. Alus play critical roles in the formation of neurological networks and the epigenetic regulation of biochemical processes throughout the central nervous system (CNS), and thus are hypothesized to have contributed to the origin of human cognition. Despite the benefits that Alus provide, deleterious Alu activity is associated with a number of neurological and neurodegenerative disorders. In particular, neurological networks are potentially vulnerable to the epigenetic dysregulation of Alu elements operating across the suite of nuclear-encoded mitochondrial genes that are critical for both mitochondrial and CNS function. Here, we highlight the beneficial neurological aspects of Alu elements as well as their potential to cause disease by disrupting key cellular processes across the CNS. We identify at least 37 neurological and neurodegenerative disorders wherein deleterious Alu activity has been implicated as a contributing factor for the manifestation of disease, and for many of these disorders, this activity is operating on genes that are essential for proper mitochondrial function. We conclude that the epigenetic dysregulation of Alu elements can ultimately disrupt mitochondrial homeostasis within the CNS. This mechanism is a plausible source for the incipient neuronal stress that is consistently observed across a spectrum of sporadic neurological and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter A Larsen
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA.
- Duke Lemur Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA.
- Department of Biology, Duke University, 130 Science Drive, Box 90338, Durham, NC, 27708, USA.
| | | | - Roxanne J Larsen
- Duke University School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Anne D Yoder
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
- Duke Lemur Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Ann M Saunders
- Zinfandel Pharmaceuticals Inc, Chapel Hill, NC, 27709, USA
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40
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Vest KE, Paskavitz AL, Lee JB, Padilla-Benavides T. Dynamic changes in copper homeostasis and post-transcriptional regulation of Atp7a during myogenic differentiation. Metallomics 2018; 10:309-322. [PMID: 29333545 PMCID: PMC5824686 DOI: 10.1039/c7mt00324b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Copper (Cu) is an essential metal required for activity of a number of redox active enzymes that participate in critical cellular pathways such as metabolism and cell signaling. Because it is also a toxic metal, Cu must be tightly controlled by a series of transporters and chaperone proteins that regulate Cu homeostasis. The critical nature of Cu is highlighted by the fact that mutations in Cu homeostasis genes cause pathologic conditions such as Menkes and Wilson diseases. While Cu homeostasis in highly affected tissues like the liver and brain is well understood, no study has probed the role of Cu in development of skeletal muscle, another tissue that often shows pathology in these conditions. Here, we found an increase in whole cell Cu content during differentiation of cultured immortalized or primary myoblasts derived from mouse satellite cells. We demonstrate that Cu is required for both proliferation and differentiation of primary myoblasts. We also show that a key Cu homeostasis gene, Atp7a, undergoes dynamic changes in expression during myogenic differentiation. Alternative polyadenylation and stability of Atp7a mRNA fluctuates with differentiation stage of the myoblasts, indicating post-transcriptional regulation of Atp7a that depends on the differentiation state. This is the first report of a requirement for Cu during myogenic differentiation and provides the basis for understanding the network of Cu transport associated with myogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine E. Vest
- Department of Biology , Emory University , 1510 Clifton Road , Atlanta , GA 30322 , USA
| | - Amanda L. Paskavitz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology , University of Massachusetts Medical School , 394 Plantation St. , Worcester , MA 01605 , USA .
| | - Joseph B. Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology , University of Massachusetts Medical School , 394 Plantation St. , Worcester , MA 01605 , USA .
| | - Teresita Padilla-Benavides
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology , University of Massachusetts Medical School , 394 Plantation St. , Worcester , MA 01605 , USA .
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41
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Giampietro R, Spinelli F, Contino M, Colabufo NA. The Pivotal Role of Copper in Neurodegeneration: A New Strategy for the Therapy of Neurodegenerative Disorders. Mol Pharm 2018; 15:808-820. [PMID: 29323501 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.7b00841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Copper is an essential trace element for the human body since it is a cofactor of several enzymes and proteins and plays a pivotal role in several biological functions (e.g., respiration, protection from oxidative damage, iron metabolism, etc.), also including the central nervous system development and functioning (e.g., synthesis of neurotransmitters, myelination, activation of neuropeptides, etc.). Therefore, copper dysmetabolism is associated with different toxic effects, mainly represented by oxidative stress, and it has been reported in many neurodegenerative disorders, such as Wilson's disease, Menkes disease, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. This paper shows a detailed report of how copper is involved in the pathophysiology of these diseases. Moreover, a hint on novel therapeutic approaches based on restoring copper homeostasis through metal chelators will be pointed out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Giampietro
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco , Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro , Via Orabona 4 , 70125 , Bari , Italy
| | - Francesco Spinelli
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco , Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro , Via Orabona 4 , 70125 , Bari , Italy
| | - Marialessandra Contino
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco , Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro , Via Orabona 4 , 70125 , Bari , Italy
| | - Nicola Antonio Colabufo
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco , Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro , Via Orabona 4 , 70125 , Bari , Italy.,Biofordrug srl, Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco , Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro , Via Orabona 4 , 70125 , Bari , Italy
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42
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Zlatic SA, Vrailas-Mortimer A, Gokhale A, Carey LJ, Scott E, Burch R, McCall MM, Rudin-Rush S, Davis JB, Hartwig C, Werner E, Li L, Petris M, Faundez V. Rare Disease Mechanisms Identified by Genealogical Proteomics of Copper Homeostasis Mutant Pedigrees. Cell Syst 2018; 6:368-380.e6. [PMID: 29397366 DOI: 10.1016/j.cels.2018.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 10/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Rare neurological diseases shed light onto universal neurobiological processes. However, molecular mechanisms connecting genetic defects to their disease phenotypes are elusive. Here, we obtain mechanistic information by comparing proteomes of cells from individuals with rare disorders with proteomes from their disease-free consanguineous relatives. We use triple-SILAC mass spectrometry to quantify proteomes from human pedigrees affected by mutations in ATP7A, which cause Menkes disease, a rare neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental disorder stemming from systemic copper depletion. We identified 214 proteins whose expression was altered in ATP7A-/y fibroblasts. Bioinformatic analysis of ATP7A-mutant proteomes identified known phenotypes and processes affected in rare genetic diseases causing copper dyshomeostasis, including altered mitochondrial function. We found connections between copper dyshomeostasis and the UCHL1/PARK5 pathway of Parkinson disease, which we validated with mitochondrial respiration and Drosophila genetics assays. We propose that our genealogical "omics" strategy can be broadly applied to identify mechanisms linking a genomic locus to its phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alysia Vrailas-Mortimer
- School of Biological Sciences Illinois State University, Normal, IL 617901, USA; University of Denver, Department of Biological Sciences, Denver, CO 80208, USA
| | - Avanti Gokhale
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Lucas J Carey
- School of Biological Sciences Illinois State University, Normal, IL 617901, USA
| | - Elizabeth Scott
- School of Biological Sciences Illinois State University, Normal, IL 617901, USA
| | - Reid Burch
- School of Biological Sciences Illinois State University, Normal, IL 617901, USA; University of Denver, Department of Biological Sciences, Denver, CO 80208, USA
| | - Morgan M McCall
- School of Biological Sciences Illinois State University, Normal, IL 617901, USA
| | | | | | - Cortnie Hartwig
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Department of Chemistry, Agnes Scott College, Decatur, GA 30030, USA
| | - Erica Werner
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Lian Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Michael Petris
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Victor Faundez
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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Pierson H, Muchenditsi A, Kim BE, Ralle M, Zachos N, Huster D, Lutsenko S. The Function of ATPase Copper Transporter ATP7B in Intestine. Gastroenterology 2018; 154:168-180.e5. [PMID: 28958857 PMCID: PMC5848507 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2017.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Wilson disease is a disorder of copper (Cu) misbalance caused by mutations in ATP7B. ATP7B is highly expressed in the liver-the major site of Cu accumulation in patients with Wilson disease. The intestine also expresses ATP7B, but little is known about the contribution of intestinal ATP7B to normal intestinal copper homeostasis or to Wilson disease manifestations. We characterized the role of ATP7B in mouse intestinal organoids and tissues. METHODS We collected intestinal tissues from ATP7B-knockout (Atp7b-/-) and control mice, and established 3-dimensional enteroids. Immunohistochemistry and x-ray fluorescence were used to characterize the distribution of ATP7B and Cu in tissues. Electron microscopy, histologic analyses, and immunoblotting were used to determine the effects of ATP7B loss. Enteroids derived from control and ATP7B-knockout mice were incubated with excess Cu or with Cu-chelating reagents; effects on cell fat content and ATP7B levels and localization were determined by fluorescent confocal microscopy. RESULTS ATP7B maintains a Cu gradient along the duodenal crypt-villus axis and buffers Cu levels in the cytosol of enterocytes. These functions are mediated by rapid Cu-dependent enlargement of ATP7B-containing vesicles and increased levels of ATP7B. Intestines of Atp7b-/- mice had reduced Cu storage pools in intestine, Cu depletion, accumulation of triglyceride-filled vesicles in enterocytes, mislocalization of apolipoprotein B, and loss of chylomicrons. In primary 3-dimensional enteroids, administration of excess Cu or Cu chelators impaired assembly of chylomicrons. CONCLUSIONS ATP7B regulates vesicular storage of Cu in mouse intestine. ATP7B buffers Cu levels in enterocytes to maintain a range necessary for formation of chylomicrons. Misbalance of Cu and lipid in the intestine could account for gastrointestinal manifestations of Wilson disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Pierson
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University – School of Medicine, USA
| | - Abigael Muchenditsi
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University – School of Medicine, USA
| | - Byung-Eun Kim
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, USA
| | - Martina Ralle
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health Science University, USA
| | - Nicholas Zachos
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins University, USA
| | - Dominik Huster
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Svetlana Lutsenko
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
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44
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Hatori Y, Inouye S, Akagi R, Seyama T. Local redox environment beneath biological membranes probed by palmitoylated-roGFP. Redox Biol 2017; 14:679-685. [PMID: 29179107 PMCID: PMC5704182 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and consequent glutathione oxidation are associated with various physiological processes and diseases, including cell differentiation, senescence, and inflammation. GFP-based redox sensors provide a straight-forward approach to monitor ROS levels and glutathione oxidation within a living cell at the subcellular resolution. We utilized palmitoylated versions of cytosolic glutathione and hydrogen peroxide sensors (Grx1-roGFP2 and roGFP2-Orp1, respectively) and demonstrated a unique redox environment near biological membranes. In HeLa cells, cytosolic glutathione was practically completely reduced (EGSH/GSSG = − 333 mV) and hydrogen peroxide level was under the detectable range. In contrast, the cytoplasmic milieu near membranes of intracellular vesicles exhibited significant glutathione oxidation (EGSH/GSSG > − 256 mV) and relatively high H2O2 production, which was not observed for the plasma membrane. These vesicles colocalized with internalized EGFR, suggesting that H2O2 production and glutathione oxidation are characteristics of cytoplasmic surfaces of the endocytosed vesicles. The results visually illustrate local redox heterogeneity within the cytosol for the first time. Palmitoylated versions of redox sensors were constructed. The sensors successfully visualized local redox environment near membranes. The cytosol is oxidative near endocytosed vesicles containing EGFR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Hatori
- Department of Pharmacy, Yasuda Women's University, Hiroshima, Japan.
| | - Sachiye Inouye
- Department of Pharmacy, Yasuda Women's University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Reiko Akagi
- Department of Pharmacy, Yasuda Women's University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Toshio Seyama
- Department of Pharmacy, Yasuda Women's University, Hiroshima, Japan
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45
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Abstract
All known eukaryotes require copper for their development and survival. The essentiality of copper reflects its widespread use as a co-factor in conserved enzymes that catalyze biochemical reactions critical to energy production, free radical detoxification, collagen deposition, neurotransmitter biosynthesis and iron homeostasis. However, the prioritized use of copper poses an organism with a considerable challenge because, in its unbound form, copper can potentiate free radical production and displace iron-sulphur clusters to disrupt protein function. Protective mechanisms therefore evolved to mitigate this challenge and tightly regulate the acquisition, trafficking and storage of copper such that the metal ion is rarely found in its free form in the cell. Findings by a number of groups over the last ten years emphasize that this regulatory framework forms the foundation of a system that is capable of monitoring copper status and reprioritizing copper usage at both the cellular and systemic levels of organization. While the identification of relevant molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways has proven to be difficult and remains a barrier to our full understanding of the regulation of copper homeostasis, mounting evidence points to the mitochondrion as a pivotal hub in this regard in both healthy and diseased states. Here, we review our current understanding of copper handling pathways contained within the organelle and consider plausible mechanisms that may serve to functionally couple their activity to that of other cellular copper handling machinery to maintain copper homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zakery N. Baker
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK Canada S7N 5E5
| | - Paul A. Cobine
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, USA
| | - Scot C. Leary
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK Canada S7N 5E5
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46
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Hatori Y, Inouye S, Akagi R. Thiol-based copper handling by the copper chaperone Atox1. IUBMB Life 2017; 69:246-254. [PMID: 28294521 DOI: 10.1002/iub.1620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Human antioxidant protein 1 (Atox1) plays a crucial role in cellular copper homeostasis. Atox1 captures cytosolic copper for subsequent transfer to copper pumps in trans Golgi network, thereby facilitating copper supply to various copper-dependent oxidereductases matured within the secretory vesicles. Atox1 and other copper chaperones handle cytosolic copper using Cys thiols which are ideal ligands for coordinating Cu(I). Recent studies demonstrated reversible oxidation of these Cys residues in copper chaperones, linking cellular redox state to copper homeostasis. Highlighted in this review are unique redox properties of Atox1 and other copper chaperones. Also, summarized are the redox nodes in the cytosol which potentially play dominant roles in the redox regulation of copper chaperones. © 2016 IUBMB Life, 69(4):246-254, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Hatori
- Department of Pharmacy, Yasuda Women's University, Yasuhigashi, Asaminami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Sachiye Inouye
- Department of Pharmacy, Yasuda Women's University, Yasuhigashi, Asaminami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Reiko Akagi
- Department of Pharmacy, Yasuda Women's University, Yasuhigashi, Asaminami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
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Öhrvik H, Aaseth J, Horn N. Orchestration of dynamic copper navigation – new and missing pieces. Metallomics 2017; 9:1204-1229. [DOI: 10.1039/c7mt00010c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A general principle in all cells in the body is that an essential metal – here copper – is taken up at the plasma membrane, directed through cellular compartments for use in specific enzymes and pathways, stored in specific scavenging molecules if in surplus, and finally expelled from the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Öhrvik
- Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology
- Uppsala University
- Sweden
| | - Jan Aaseth
- Innlandet Hospital Trust and Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences
- Norway
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48
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Wang F, Qi LS. Applications of CRISPR Genome Engineering in Cell Biology. Trends Cell Biol 2016; 26:875-888. [PMID: 27599850 PMCID: PMC5077632 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2016.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in genome engineering are starting a revolution in biological research and translational applications. The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-associated RNA-guided endonuclease CRISPR associated protein 9 (Cas9) and its variants enable diverse manipulations of genome function. In this review, we describe the development of Cas9 tools for a variety of applications in cell biology research, including the study of functional genomics, the creation of transgenic animal models, and genomic imaging. Novel genome engineering methods offer a new avenue to understand the causality between the genome and phenotype, thus promising a fuller understanding of cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangyuan Wang
- Sino-U.S. Center of Synthetic Biology, Shanghai Institute of Rheumatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei S Qi
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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49
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Abstract
Copper (Cu) is indispensible for growth and development of human organisms. It is required for such fundamental and ubiquitous processes as respiration and protection against reactive oxygen species. Cu also enables catalytic activity of enzymes that critically contribute to the functional identity of many cells and tissues. Pigmentation, production of norepinephrine by the adrenal gland, the key steps in the formation of connective tissue, neuroendocrine signaling, wound healing - all these processes require Cu and depend on Cu entering the secretory pathway. To reach the Cu-dependent enzymes in a lumen of the trans-Golgi network and various vesicular compartments, Cu undertakes a complex journey crossing the extracellular and intracellular membranes and staying firmly on course while traveling in a cytosol. The proteins that assist Cu in this journey by mediating its entry, distribution, and export, have been identified. The accumulating data also indicate that the current model of cellular Cu homeostasis is still a "skeleton" that has to be fleshed out with many new details. This review summarizes recent data on the mechanisms responsible for Cu transfer to the secretory pathway. The emerging new concepts and gaps in our knowledge are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Lutsenko
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 725 N. Wolfe street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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50
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Squitti R, Siotto M, Arciello M, Rossi L. Non-ceruloplasmin bound copper and ATP7B gene variants in Alzheimer's disease. Metallomics 2016; 8:863-73. [DOI: 10.1039/c6mt00101g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
ATP7B, a protein mainly expressed in the hepatocytes, is a copper chaperone that loads the metal into the serum copper–protein ceruloplasmin during its synthesis and also escorts superfluous copper into the bile, by a sophisticated trafficking mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Squitti
- Molecular Markers Laboratory
- IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio-Fatebenefratelli
- 25125 Brescia, Italy
| | - M. Siotto
- Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS Foundation
- Milan, Italy
| | - M. Arciello
- Department of Biology
- University of Rome Tor Vergata
- Rome, Italy
| | - L. Rossi
- Department of Biology
- University of Rome Tor Vergata
- Rome, Italy
- Consorzio Interuniversitario “Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture e Biosistemi” (I.N.B.B.)
- Rome, Italy
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