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Young EJ, Radnai L, Prikhodko V, Miller CA. Novel therapeutics in development for the treatment of stimulant-use disorder. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2024; 87:102898. [PMID: 39096558 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2024.102898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Revised: 07/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024]
Abstract
Misuse and accidental overdoses attributed to stimulants are escalating rapidly. These stimulants include methamphetamine, cocaine, amphetamine, ecstasy-type drugs, and prescription stimulants such as methylphenidate. Unlike opioids and alcohol, there are no therapies approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to treat stimulant-use disorder. The high rate of relapse among this population highlights the insufficiency of current treatment options, which are limited to abstinence support programs and behavioral modification therapies. Here, we briefly outline recent regulatory actions taken by FDA to help support the development of new stimulant use disorder treatments and highlight several new therapeutics in the clinical development pipeline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica J Young
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, Jupiter, FL, USA; Department of Neuroscience, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, Jupiter, FL, USA; Myosin Therapeutics, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Laszlo Radnai
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, Jupiter, FL, USA; Department of Neuroscience, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | | | - Courtney A Miller
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, Jupiter, FL, USA; Department of Neuroscience, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, Jupiter, FL, USA.
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2
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Mayer FP, Stewart A, Varman DR, Moritz AE, Foster JD, Owens AW, Areal LB, Gowrishankar R, Velez M, Wickham K, Phelps H, Katamish R, Rabil M, Jayanthi LD, Vaughan RA, Daws LC, Blakely RD, Ramamoorthy S. Kappa Opioid Receptor Antagonism Restores Phosphorylation, Trafficking and Behavior induced by a Disease Associated Dopamine Transporter Variant. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.05.03.539310. [PMID: 37205452 PMCID: PMC10187322 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.03.539310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant dopamine (DA) signaling is implicated in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder (BPD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), substance use disorder, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Treatment of these disorders remains inadequate, as exemplified by the therapeutic use of d-amphetamine and methylphenidate for the treatment of ADHD, agents with high abuse liability. In search for an improved and non-addictive therapeutic approach for the treatment of DA-linked disorders, we utilized a preclinical mouse model expressing the human DA transporter (DAT) coding variant DAT Val559, previously identified in individuals with ADHD, ASD, or BPD. DAT Val559, like several other disease-associated variants of DAT, exhibits anomalous DA efflux (ADE) that can be blocked by d-amphetamine and methylphenidate. Kappa opioid receptors (KORs) are expressed by DA neurons and modulate DA release and clearance, suggesting that targeting KORs might also provide an alternative approach to normalizing DA-signaling disrupted by perturbed DAT function. Here we demonstrate that KOR stimulation leads to enhanced surface trafficking and phosphorylation of Thr53 in wildtype DAT, effects achieved constitutively by the Val559 mutant. Moreover, these effects can be rescued by KOR antagonism of DAT Val559 in ex vivo preparations. Importantly, KOR antagonism also corrected in vivo DA release as well as sex-dependent behavioral abnormalities observed in DAT Val559 mice. Given their low abuse liability, our studies with a construct valid model of human DA associated disorders reinforce considerations of KOR antagonism as a pharmacological strategy to treat DA associated brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix P. Mayer
- Department of Biomedical Science, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL, USA
- Stiles-Nicholson Brain Institute, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Adele Stewart
- Department of Biomedical Science, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL, USA
- Stiles-Nicholson Brain Institute, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Durairaj Ragu Varman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Amy E. Moritz
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND, USA
| | - James D. Foster
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND, USA
| | - Anthony W. Owens
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Lorena B. Areal
- Department of Biomedical Science, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Raajaram Gowrishankar
- Department of Biomedical Science, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Michelle Velez
- Department of Biomedical Science, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Kyria Wickham
- Department of Biomedical Science, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Hannah Phelps
- Department of Biomedical Science, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Rania Katamish
- Department of Biomedical Science, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Maximilian Rabil
- Department of Biomedical Science, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Lankupalle D. Jayanthi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Roxanne A. Vaughan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND, USA
| | - Lynette C. Daws
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, TX, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Randy D. Blakely
- Department of Biomedical Science, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL, USA
- Stiles-Nicholson Brain Institute, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Sammanda Ramamoorthy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
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3
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Hersey M, Mereu M, Jones CS, Bartole MK, Chen AY, Cao J, Hiranita T, Chun LE, Lopez JP, Katz JL, Newman AH, Tanda G. Dual DAT and sigma receptor inhibitors attenuate cocaine effects on nucleus accumbens dopamine dynamics in rats. Eur J Neurosci 2024; 59:2436-2449. [PMID: 38444104 PMCID: PMC11108740 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Psychostimulant use disorders (PSUD) are prevalent; however, no FDA-approved medications have been made available for treatment. Previous studies have shown that dual inhibitors of the dopamine transporter (DAT) and sigma receptors significantly reduce the behavioral/reinforcing effects of cocaine, which have been associated with stimulation of extracellular dopamine (DA) levels resulting from DAT inhibition. Here, we employ microdialysis and fast scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) procedures to investigate the effects of dual inhibitors of DAT and sigma receptors in combination with cocaine on nucleus accumbens shell (NAS) DA dynamics in naïve male Sprague Dawley rats. In microdialysis studies, administration of rimcazole (3, 10 mg/kg; i.p.) or its structural analog SH 3-24 (1, 3 mg/kg; i.p.), compounds that are dual inhibitors of DAT and sigma receptors, significantly reduced NAS DA efflux stimulated by increasing doses of cocaine (0.1, 0.3, 1.0 mg/kg; i.v.). Using the same experimental conditions, in FSCV tests, we show that rimcazole pretreatments attenuated cocaine-induced stimulation of evoked NAS DA release but produced no additional effect on DA clearance rate. Under the same conditions, JJC8-091, a modafinil analog and dual inhibitor of DAT and sigma receptors, similarly attenuated cocaine-induced stimulation of evoked NAS DA release but produced no additional effect on DA clearance rate. Our results provide the neurochemical groundwork towards understanding actions of dual inhibitors of DAT and sigma receptors on DA dynamics that likely mediate the behavioral effects of psychostimulants like cocaine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melinda Hersey
- Medication Development Program, NIDA IRP, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Maddalena Mereu
- Medication Development Program, NIDA IRP, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Claire S. Jones
- Medication Development Program, NIDA IRP, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | | | - Andy Y. Chen
- Medication Development Program, NIDA IRP, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Jianjing Cao
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, NIDA IRP, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | | | - Lauren E. Chun
- Medication Development Program, NIDA IRP, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Jessica P. Lopez
- Medication Development Program, NIDA IRP, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | | | - Amy Hauck Newman
- Medication Development Program, NIDA IRP, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, NIDA IRP, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Gianluigi Tanda
- Medication Development Program, NIDA IRP, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
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4
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Nakahara H, Hiranita T, Shibata O. A Sigma 1 Receptor Agonist Alters Fluidity and Stability of Lipid Monolayers. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:6484-6492. [PMID: 38470245 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c00053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Interactions between the sigma1 receptor agonist PRE-084 and various lipid monolayers, including dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC), DPP-ethanolamine (DPPE), DPP-glycerol (DPPG), DPP-serine (DPPS), palmitoylsphingomyelin (PSM), and cholesterol (Ch), were investigated to elucidate the effects of PRE-084 on membrane fluidity and stability. Their interactions with sigma1 receptor agonists have potential implications for neuroprotection, antidepressant, analgesic, and cognitive enhancement effects. In this study, we observed that the presence of PRE-084 in the subphase led to increased fluidity in DPPC and DPPE monolayers, whereas decreasing fluidity was observed in DPPG, DPPS, and PSM monolayers. The interaction of PRE-084 with Ch monolayers was found to be distinct from its interaction with other lipids. Fluorescence microscopy images revealed changes in the size and shape of liquid-condensed domains in the presence of PRE-084, supporting the notion of altered membrane fluidity. Our findings provide new insights into the interaction of PRE-084 with lipid monolayers and its potential implications for biological and membrane science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromichi Nakahara
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Daiichi University of Pharmacy, 22-1 Tamagawa-cho, Minami-ku, Fukuoka 815-8511, Japan
| | - Takato Hiranita
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, USA
- Addiction Research, Treatment & Training Center of Excellence, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, USA
| | - Osamu Shibata
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki International University, Sasebo, Nagasaki 859-3298, Japan
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5
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Couly S, Yasui Y, Foncham S, Grammatikakis I, Lal A, Shi L, Su TP. Benzomorphan and non-benzomorphan agonists differentially alter sigma-1 receptor quaternary structure, as does types of cellular stress. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:14. [PMID: 38191696 PMCID: PMC10774196 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-05023-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Sigma-1 receptor (S1R) is a calcium-sensitive, ligand-operated receptor chaperone present on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane. S1R plays an important role in ER-mitochondrial inter-organelle calcium signaling and cell survival. S1R and its agonists confer resilience against various neurodegenerative diseases; however, the molecular mechanism of S1R is not yet fully understood. At resting state, S1R is either in a monomeric or oligomeric state but the ratio of these concentrations seems to change upon activation of S1R. S1R is activated by either cellular stress, such as ER-calcium depletion, or ligands. While the effect of ligands on S1R quaternary structure remains unclear, the effect of cellular stress has not been studied. In this study we utilize cellular and an in-vivo model to study changes in quaternary structure of S1R upon activation. We incubated cells with cellular stressors (H2O2 and thapsigargin) or exogenous ligands, then quantified monomeric and oligomeric forms. We observed that benzomorphan-based S1R agonists induce monomerization of S1R and decrease oligomerization, which was confirmed in the liver tissue of mice injected with (+)-Pentazocine. Antagonists block this effect but do not induce any changes when used alone. Oxidative stress (H2O2) increases the monomeric/oligomeric S1R ratio whereas ER calcium depletion (thapsigargin) has no effect. We also analyzed the oligomerization ability of various truncated S1R fragments and identified the fragments favorizing oligomerization. In this publication we demonstrate that quaternary structural changes differ according to the mechanism of S1R activation. Therefore, we offer a novel perspective on S1R activation as a nuanced phenomenon dependent on the type of stimulus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Couly
- Cellular Pathobiology Section, Integrative Neuroscience Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute On Drug Abuse, NIH/DHHS, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Yuko Yasui
- Cellular Pathobiology Section, Integrative Neuroscience Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute On Drug Abuse, NIH/DHHS, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Semnyonga Foncham
- Cellular Pathobiology Section, Integrative Neuroscience Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute On Drug Abuse, NIH/DHHS, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Ioannis Grammatikakis
- Regulatory RNAs and Cancer Section, Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Ashish Lal
- Regulatory RNAs and Cancer Section, Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Lei Shi
- Computational Chemistry and Molecular Biophysics Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute On Drug Abuse, NIH/DHHS, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Tsung-Ping Su
- Cellular Pathobiology Section, Integrative Neuroscience Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute On Drug Abuse, NIH/DHHS, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA.
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6
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Knowles LG, Armanious AJ, Peng Y, Welsh WJ, James MH. Recent advances in drug discovery efforts targeting the sigma 1 receptor system: Implications for novel medications designed to reduce excessive drug and food seeking. ADDICTION NEUROSCIENCE 2023; 8:100126. [PMID: 37753198 PMCID: PMC10519676 DOI: 10.1016/j.addicn.2023.100126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Psychiatric disorders characterized by uncontrolled reward seeking, such as substance use disorders (SUDs), alcohol use disorder (AUD) and some eating disorders, impose a significant burden on individuals and society. Despite their high prevalence and substantial morbidity and mortality rates, treatment options for these disorders remain limited. Over the past two decades, there has been a gradual accumulation of evidence pointing to the sigma-1 receptor (S1R) system as a promising target for therapeutic interventions designed to treat these disorders. S1R is a chaperone protein that resides in the endoplasmic reticulum, but under certain conditions translocates to the plasma membrane. In the brain, S1Rs are expressed in several regions important for reward, and following translocation, they physically associate with several reward-related GPCRs, including dopamine receptors 1 and 2 (D1R and D2R). Psychostimulants, alcohol, as well as palatable foods, all alter expression of S1R in regions important for motivated behavior, and S1R antagonists generally decrease behavioral responses to these rewards. Recent advances in structural modeling have permitted the development of highly-selective S1R antagonists with favorable pharmacokinetic profiles, thus providing a therapeutic avenue for S1R-based medications. Here, we provide an up-to-date overview of work linking S1R with motivated behavior for drugs of abuse and food, as well as evidence supporting the clinical utility of S1R antagonists to reduce their excessive consumption. We also highlight potential challenges associated with targeting the S1R system, including the need for a more comprehensive understanding of the underlying neurobiology and careful consideration of the pharmacological properties of S1R-based drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam G. Knowles
- Harpur School of Arts and Sciences, Binghamton University, Vestal, NY, USA
| | - Abanoub J. Armanious
- Department of Psychiatry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University and Rutgers Biomedical Health Sciences, Piscataway, NJ, USA
- Brain Health Institute, Rutgers University and Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Youyi Peng
- Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - William J. Welsh
- Department of Pharmacology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University and Rutgers Biomedical Health Sciences, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Morgan H. James
- Department of Psychiatry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University and Rutgers Biomedical Health Sciences, Piscataway, NJ, USA
- Brain Health Institute, Rutgers University and Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Piscataway, NJ, USA
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7
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Black EM, Samels SB, Xu W, Barson JR, Bass CE, Kortagere S, España RA. Hypocretin / Orexin Receptor 1 Knockdown in GABA or Dopamine Neurons in the Ventral Tegmental Area Differentially Impact Mesolimbic Dopamine and Motivation for Cocaine. ADDICTION NEUROSCIENCE 2023; 7:100104. [PMID: 37854172 PMCID: PMC10583964 DOI: 10.1016/j.addicn.2023.100104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
The hypocretins/orexins (HCRT) have been demonstrated to influence motivation for cocaine through actions on dopamine (DA) transmission. Pharmacological or genetic disruption of the hypocretin receptor 1 (Hcrtr1) reduces cocaine self-administration, blocks reinstatement of cocaine seeking, and decreases conditioned place preference for cocaine. These effects are likely mediated through actions in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and resulting alterations in DA transmission. For example, HCRT drives VTA DA neuron activity and enhances the effects of cocaine on DA transmission, while disrupting Hcrtr1 attenuates DA responses to cocaine. These findings have led to the perspective that HCRT exerts its effects through Hcrtr1 actions in VTA DA neurons. However, this assumption is complicated by the observation that Hcrtr1 are present on both DA and GABA neurons in the VTA and HCRT drives the activity of both neuronal populations. To address this issue, we selectively knocked down Hcrtr1 on either DA or GABA neurons in the VTA and examined alterations in DA transmission and cocaine self-administration in female and male rats. We found that Hcrtr1 knockdown in DA neurons decreased DA responses to cocaine, increased days to acquire cocaine self-administration, and reduced motivation for cocaine. Although, Hcrtr1 knockdown in GABA neurons enhanced DA responses to cocaine, this manipulation did not affect cocaine self-administration. These observations indicate that while Hcrtr1 on DA versus GABA neurons exert opposing effects on DA transmission, only Hcrtr1 on DA neurons affected acquisition or motivation for cocaine - suggesting a complex interplay between DA transmission and behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily M. Black
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129
| | - Shanna B. Samels
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129
| | - Jessica R. Barson
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129
| | - Caroline E. Bass
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo NY 14214
| | - Sandhya Kortagere
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129
| | - Rodrigo A. España
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129
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Bonifazi A, Del Bello F, Giorgioni G, Piergentili A, Saab E, Botticelli L, Cifani C, Micioni Di Bonaventura E, Micioni Di Bonaventura MV, Quaglia W. Targeting orexin receptors: Recent advances in the development of subtype selective or dual ligands for the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders. Med Res Rev 2023; 43:1607-1667. [PMID: 37036052 DOI: 10.1002/med.21959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
Orexin-A and orexin-B, also named hypocretin-1 and hypocretin-2, are two hypothalamic neuropeptides highly conserved across mammalian species. Their effects are mediated by two distinct G protein-coupled receptors, namely orexin receptor type 1 (OX1-R) and type 2 (OX2-R), which share 64% amino acid identity. Given the wide expression of OX-Rs in different central nervous system and peripheral areas and the several pathophysiological functions in which they are involved, including sleep-wake cycle regulation (mainly mediated by OX2-R), emotion, panic-like behaviors, anxiety/stress, food intake, and energy homeostasis (mainly mediated by OX1-R), both subtypes represent targets of interest for many structure-activity relationship (SAR) campaigns carried out by pharmaceutical companies and academies. However, before 2017 the research was predominantly directed towards dual-orexin ligands, and limited chemotypes were investigated. Analytical characterizations, including resolved structures for both OX1-R and OX2-R in complex with agonists and antagonists, have improved the understanding of the molecular basis of receptor recognition and are assets for medicinal chemists in the design of subtype-selective ligands. This review is focused on the medicinal chemistry aspects of small molecules acting as dual or subtype selective OX1-R/OX2-R agonists and antagonists belonging to different chemotypes and developed in the last years, including radiolabeled OX-R ligands for molecular imaging. Moreover, the pharmacological effects of the most studied ligands in different neuropsychiatric diseases, such as sleep, mood, substance use, and eating disorders, as well as pain, have been discussed. Poly-pharmacology applications and multitarget ligands have also been considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Bonifazi
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse - Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Fabio Del Bello
- School of Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Gianfabio Giorgioni
- School of Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | | | - Elizabeth Saab
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse - Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Luca Botticelli
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Unit, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Carlo Cifani
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Unit, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | | | | | - Wilma Quaglia
- School of Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
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9
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Morató X, Fernández-Dueñas V, Pérez-Villamor P, Valle-León M, Vela JM, Merlos M, Burgueño J, Ciruela F. Development of a Novel σ 1 Receptor Biosensor Based on Its Heterodimerization with Binding Immunoglobulin Protein in Living Cells. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023. [PMID: 37191585 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The σ1 receptor (S1R) is a ligand-regulated non-opioid intracellular receptor involved in several pathological conditions. The development of S1R-based drugs as therapeutic agents is a challenge due to the lack of simple functional assays to identify and classify S1R ligands. We have developed a novel nanoluciferase binary technology (NanoBiT) assay based on the ability of S1R to heteromerize with the binding immunoglobulin protein (BiP) in living cells. The S1R-BiP heterodimerization biosensor allows for rapid and accurate identification of S1R ligands by monitoring the dynamics of association-dissociation of S1R and BiP. Acute treatment of cells with the S1R agonist PRE-084 produced rapid and transient dissociation of the S1R-BiP heterodimer, which was blocked by haloperidol. The effect of PRE-084 was enhanced by calcium depletion, leading to a higher reduction in heterodimerization even in the presence of haloperidol. Prolonged incubation of cells with S1R antagonists (haloperidol, NE-100, BD-1047, and PD-144418) increased the formation of S1R-BiP heteromers, while agonists (PRE-084, 4-IBP, and pentazocine) did not alter heterodimerization under the same experimental conditions. The newly developed S1R-BiP biosensor is a simple and effective tool for exploring S1R pharmacology in an easy cellular setting. This biosensor is suitable for high-throughput applications and a valuable resource in the researcher's toolkit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Morató
- Pharmacology Unit, Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, 08907 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
- Neuropharmacology and Pain Group, Neuroscience Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, IDIBELL, 08908 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Víctor Fernández-Dueñas
- Pharmacology Unit, Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, 08907 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
- Neuropharmacology and Pain Group, Neuroscience Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, IDIBELL, 08908 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | | | - Marta Valle-León
- Pharmacology Unit, Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, 08907 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
- Neuropharmacology and Pain Group, Neuroscience Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, IDIBELL, 08908 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - José Miguel Vela
- Welab Barcelona, Parc Científic Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manuel Merlos
- Welab Barcelona, Parc Científic Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Burgueño
- Welab Barcelona, Parc Científic Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco Ciruela
- Pharmacology Unit, Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, 08907 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
- Neuropharmacology and Pain Group, Neuroscience Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, IDIBELL, 08908 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
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10
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Vavers E, Zvejniece L, Dambrova M. Sigma-1 receptor and seizures. Pharmacol Res 2023; 191:106771. [PMID: 37068533 PMCID: PMC10176040 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
Over the last decade, sigma-1 receptor (Sig1R) has been recognized as a valid target for the treatment of seizure disorders and seizure-related comorbidities. Clinical trials with Sig1R ligands are underway testing therapies for the treatment of drug-resistant seizures, developmental and epileptic encephalopathies, and photosensitive epilepsy. However, the direct molecular mechanism by which Sig1R modulates seizures and the balance between excitatory and inhibitory pathways has not been fully elucidated. This review article aims to summarize existing knowledge of Sig1R and its involvement in seizures by focusing on the evidence obtained from Sig1R knockout animals and the anti-seizure effects of Sig1R ligands. In addition, this review article includes a discussion of the advantages and disadvantages of the use of existing compounds and describes the challenges and future perspectives on the use of Sig1R as a target for the treatment of seizure disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edijs Vavers
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Pharmacology, Aizkraukles 21, LV-1006, Riga, Latvia; University of Tartu, Faculty of Science and Technology, Institute of Chemistry, Ravila 14a, 50411, Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Liga Zvejniece
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Pharmacology, Aizkraukles 21, LV-1006, Riga, Latvia
| | - Maija Dambrova
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Pharmacology, Aizkraukles 21, LV-1006, Riga, Latvia; Riga Stradiņš University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Konsula 21, LV-1007, Riga, Latvia
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11
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Li J, Satyshur KA, Guo LW, Ruoho AE. Sphingoid Bases Regulate the Sigma-1 Receptor-Sphingosine and N, N'-Dimethylsphingosine Are Endogenous Agonists. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:3103. [PMID: 36834510 PMCID: PMC9962145 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Both bioactive sphingolipids and Sigma-1 receptor (S1R) chaperones occur ubiquitously in mammalian cell membranes. Endogenous compounds that regulate the S1R are important for controlling S1R responses to cellular stress. Herein, we interrogated the S1R in intact Retinal Pigment Epithelial cells (ARPE-19) with the bioactive sphingoid base, sphingosine (SPH), or the pain-provoking dimethylated SPH derivative, N,N'-dimethylsphingosine (DMS). As informed by a modified native gel approach, the basal and antagonist (BD-1047)-stabilized S1R oligomers dissociated to protomeric forms in the presence of SPH or DMS (PRE-084 as control). We, thus, posited that SPH and DMS are endogenous S1R agonists. Consistently, in silico docking of SPH and DMS to the S1R protomer showed strong associations with Asp126 and Glu172 in the cupin beta barrel and extensive van der Waals interactions of the C18 alkyl chains with the binding site including residues in helices 4 and 5. Mean docking free energies were 8.73-8.93 kcal/mol for SPH and 8.56-8.15 kcal/mol for DMS, and calculated binding constants were ~40 nM for SPH and ~120 nM for DMS. We hypothesize that SPH, DMS, and similar sphingoid bases access the S1R beta barrel via a membrane bilayer pathway. We further propose that the enzymatic control of ceramide concentrations in intracellular membranes as the primary sources of SPH dictates availability of endogenous SPH and DMS to the S1R and the subsequent control of S1R activity within the same cell and/or in cellular environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Kenneth A. Satyshur
- Small Molecule Screening Facility, Carbone Cancer Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Lian-Wang Guo
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Arnold E. Ruoho
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA
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12
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Wang SM, Wu HE, Yasui Y, Geva M, Hayden M, Maurice T, Cozzolino M, Su TP. Nucleoporin POM121 signals TFEB-mediated autophagy via activation of SIGMAR1/sigma-1 receptor chaperone by pridopidine. Autophagy 2023; 19:126-151. [PMID: 35507432 PMCID: PMC9809944 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2022.2063003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Macroautophagy/autophagy is an essential process for cellular survival and is implicated in many diseases. A critical step in autophagy is the transport of the transcription factor TFEB from the cytosol into the nucleus, through the nuclear pore (NP) by KPNB1/importinβ1. In the C9orf72 subtype of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-frontotemporal lobar degeneration (ALS-FTD), the hexanucleotide (G4C2)RNA expansion (HRE) disrupts the nucleocytoplasmic transport of TFEB, compromising autophagy. Here we show that a molecular chaperone, the SIGMAR1/Sigma-1 receptor (sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 1), facilitates TFEB transport into the nucleus by chaperoning the NP protein (i.e., nucleoporin) POM121 which recruits KPNB1. In NSC34 cells, HRE reduces TFEB transport by interfering with the association between SIGMAR1 and POM121, resulting in reduced nuclear levels of TFEB, KPNB1, and the autophagy marker LC3-II. Overexpression of SIGMAR1 or POM121, or treatment with the highly selective and potent SIGMAR1 agonist pridopidine, currently in phase 2/3 clinical trials for ALS and Huntington disease, rescues all of these deficits. Our results implicate nucleoporin POM121 not merely as a structural nucleoporin, but also as a chaperone-operated signaling molecule enabling TFEB-mediated autophagy. Our data suggest the use of SIGMAR1 agonists, such as pridopidine, for therapeutic development of diseases in which autophagy is impaired.Abbreviations: ALS-FTD, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-frontotemporal dementiaC9ALS-FTD, C9orf72 subtype of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-frontotemporal dementiaCS, citrate synthaseER, endoplasmic reticulumGSS, glutathione synthetaseHRE, hexanucleotide repeat expansionHSPA5/BiP, heat shock protein 5LAMP1, lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1MAM, mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membraneMAP1LC3/LC3, microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3NP, nuclear poreNSC34, mouse motor neuron-like hybrid cell lineNUPs, nucleoporinsPOM121, nuclear pore membrane protein 121SIGMAR1/Sigma-1R, sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 1TFEB, transcription factor EBTMEM97/Sigma-2R, transmembrane protein 97.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Ming Wang
- Cellular Pathobiology Section, Integrative Neuroscience Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland21224, USA
- China Medical University, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Taiwan
- Neuroscience and Brain Disease Center, China Medical University, No.91, Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung city, 404333, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology, China Medical University Hospital, No.2, Yude Road, North District, Taichung city, 404333, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-En Wu
- Cellular Pathobiology Section, Integrative Neuroscience Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland21224, USA
| | - Yuko Yasui
- Cellular Pathobiology Section, Integrative Neuroscience Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland21224, USA
| | - Michal Geva
- Prilenia Therapeutics Development Ltd, Herzliya, Israel
| | - Michael Hayden
- Prilenia Therapeutics Development Ltd, Herzliya, Israel
- The Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Tangui Maurice
- MMDN, University of Montpellier, EPHE, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Mauro Cozzolino
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, CNR, Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Tsung-Ping Su
- Cellular Pathobiology Section, Integrative Neuroscience Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland21224, USA
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13
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Tobolski J, Sawyer DB, Song SJ, Afari ME. Cardiovascular disease associated with methamphetamine use: a review. Heart Fail Rev 2022; 27:2059-2065. [PMID: 35844009 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-022-10261-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Methamphetamine abuse is a global epidemic associated with a wide-ranging array of adverse effects on the cardiovascular system including dilated cardiomyopathy, malignant and benign arrhythmias, coronary vasospasm, and atherosclerotic coronary artery disease. While the acute behavioral manifestations of amphetamine abuse are the most easily clinically identified, cardiovascular toxicity is common in this patient population and should be considered in this setting due to its high morbidity and mortality. The specific mechanisms for amphetamine cardiotoxicity have not been fully established, but new research implicates activation of several cellular targets including Sigma-1 receptors and trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1) leading to a myriad of negative downstream effects including increased reactive oxygenating species (ROS), mitochondrial dysfunction, and modulations of intracellular calcium. Additional pathologic effects are mediated by increased circulating catecholamines, which when chronically activated have well-established adverse effects on the cardiovascular system. In this article, we present a case report followed by a current review of the epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment modalities of amphetamine-induced cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared Tobolski
- Cardiac Service Line, Maine Medical Center, 22 Bramhall Street, Portland, ME, 04102, USA
| | - Douglas B Sawyer
- Cardiac Service Line, Maine Medical Center, 22 Bramhall Street, Portland, ME, 04102, USA
| | - Sharon J Song
- Spectrum Healthcare Partners, South Portland, ME, 04106, USA
| | - Maxwell Eyram Afari
- Cardiac Service Line, Maine Medical Center, 22 Bramhall Street, Portland, ME, 04102, USA.
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14
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Elkholy N, Abdelwaly A, Mohamed K, Amata E, Lombino J, Cosentino G, Intagliata S, Helal MA. Discovery of 3-(2-aminoethyl)-thiazolidine-2,4-diones as a novel chemotype of sigma-1 receptor ligands. Chem Biol Drug Des 2022; 100:25-40. [PMID: 35353926 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Sigma receptor is a transmembrane non-GPCR protein expressed mainly in the endoplasmic reticulum membrane associated with mitochondria. It is classified into two types: Sigma-1 (S1R) and Sigma-2 (S2R) based on their biological functions. S1R has been implicated in many neurological disorders such as anxiety, schizophrenia, and depression. Therefore, S1R ligands possess a variety of potential clinical applications with a great interest in the treatment of neuropathic pain. In this study, we report the discovery of a novel lead compound for S1R binding, based on the thiazolidine-2,4-dione nucleus. We have explored hydrophobic groups of different sizes on both sides of the five-membered ring scaffold guided by the crystal structure of S1R. Six compounds showed more than 50% displacement of the radioligand at 10 µM concentration with compound 6c resulting in 100% displacement and a Ki of 95.5 nM. Moreover, compounds 6c and 6e showed a significant selectivity over S2R. In addition, molecular docking predicted that all the compounds showed the critical salt bridge with Glu172 with variable degrees of π-stacking interaction with Tyr103. Upon optimization, this series of compounds could represent potential clinically useful S1R ligands for pain management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada Elkholy
- Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Science and Technology, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ahmad Abdelwaly
- Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Science and Technology, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
| | - Karim Mohamed
- Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Science and Technology, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
| | - Emanuele Amata
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Jessica Lombino
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Cosentino
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Mohamed A Helal
- Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Science and Technology, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
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15
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Levoin N, Murthy AVR, Narendar V, Kumar NS, Aparna P, Bhavani AKD, Reddy CR, Mosset P, Grée R. Discovery of potent dual ligands for dopamine D4 and σ1 receptors. Bioorg Med Chem 2022; 69:116851. [PMID: 35753263 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2022.116851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
During our work on exploration of molecules with some piperidine-triazole scaffolds, we realized that our compounds display chemical similarity with some σ, as well as dopaminergic receptor ligands. Here we show that this series of molecules has indeed strong affinity both for σ1 and dopamine D4 receptors. Moreover, they appear selective towards σ2, dopamine paralogues D1, D2, D3 and D5 receptors and hERG channel. Extensive molecular dynamics with our lead compound AVRM-13 were carried out on σ1, supporting agonist activity of the ligand. Unexpectedly, several observations suggested the existence of a cation binding domain, a probable regulatory site for calcium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Levoin
- Bioprojet-Biotech, 4 rue du Chesnay Beauregard, BP 96205, 35762 Saint Grégoire, France.
| | - Appala Venkata Ramana Murthy
- Chemveda Life Sciences India Pvt. Ltd., #B-11/1, IDA Uppal, Hyderabad 500039, Telangana, India; Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Hyderabad, Kukatpally, Hyderabad 500 085, Telangana, India
| | - Vennu Narendar
- Chemveda Life Sciences India Pvt. Ltd., #B-11/1, IDA Uppal, Hyderabad 500039, Telangana, India
| | | | - Pasula Aparna
- Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Hyderabad, Kukatpally, Hyderabad 500 085, Telangana, India
| | | | - Chada Raji Reddy
- Department of Organic Synthesis & Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Paul Mosset
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes), UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - René Grée
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes), UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France.
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16
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Abstract
Long COVID refers to the lingering symptoms which persist or appear after the acute illness. The dominant long COVID symptoms in the two years since the pandemic began (2020-2021) have been depression, anxiety, fatigue, concentration and cognitive impairments with few reports of psychosis. Whether other symptoms will appear later on is not yet known. For example, dopamine-dependent movement disorders generally take many years before first symptoms are seen. Post-stroke depression and anxiety may explain many of the early long COVID cases. Hemorrhagic, hypoxic and inflammatory damages of the central nervous system, unresolved systematic inflammation, metabolic impairment, cerebral vascular accidents such as stroke, hypoxia from pulmonary damages and fibrotic changes are among the major causes of long COVID. Glucose metabolic and hypoxic brain issues likely predispose subjects with pre-existing diabetes, cardiovascular or lung problems to long COVID as well. Preliminary data suggest that psychotropic medications may not be a danger but could instead be beneficial in combating COVID-19 infection. The same is true for diabetes medications such as metformin. Thus, a focus on sigma-1 receptor ligands and glucose metabolism is expected to be useful for new drug development as well as the repurposing of current drugs. The reported protective effects of psychotropics and antihistamines against COVID-19, the earlier reports of reduced number of sigma-1 receptors in post-mortem schizophrenic brains, with many antidepressant and antipsychotic drugs being antihistamines with significant affinity for the sigma-1 receptor, support the role of sigma and histamine receptors in neuroinflammation and viral infections. Literature and data in all these areas are accumulating at a fast rate. We reviewed and discussed the relevant and important literature.
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Davis S, Zhu J. Substance abuse and neurotransmission. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2022; 93:403-441. [PMID: 35341573 PMCID: PMC9759822 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2021.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The number of people who suffer from a substance abuse disorder has continued to rise over the last decade; particularly, the number of drug-related overdose deaths has sharply increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. Converging lines of clinical observations, supported by imaging and neuropsychological performance testing, have demonstrated that substance abuse-induced dysregulation of neurotransmissions in the brain is critical for development and expression of the addictive properties of abused substances. Recent scientific advances have allowed for better understanding of the neurobiological processes that mediates drugs of abuse and addiction. This chapter presents the past classic concepts and the recent advances in our knowledge about how cocaine, amphetamines, opioids, alcohol, and nicotine alter multiple neurotransmitter systems, which contribute to the behaviors associated with each drug. Additionally, we discuss the interactive effects of HIV-1 or COVID-19 and substance abuse on neurotransmission and neurobiological pathways. Finally, we introduce therapeutic strategies for development of pharmacotherapies for substance abuse disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Davis
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Jun Zhu
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States.
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18
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Sałaciak K, Pytka K. Revisiting the sigma-1 receptor as a biological target to treat affective and cognitive disorders. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 132:1114-1136. [PMID: 34736882 PMCID: PMC8559442 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Depression and cognitive disorders are diseases with complex and not-fully understood etiology. Unfortunately, the COVID-19 pandemic dramatically increased the prevalence of both conditions. Since the current treatments are inadequate in many patients, there is a constant need for discovering new compounds, which will be more effective in ameliorating depressive symptoms and treating cognitive decline. Proteins attracting much attention as potential targets for drugs treating these conditions are sigma-1 receptors. Sigma-1 receptors are multi-functional proteins localized in endoplasmic reticulum membranes, which play a crucial role in cellular signal transduction by interacting with receptors, ion channels, lipids, and kinases. Changes in their functions and expression may lead to various diseases, including depression or memory impairments. Thus, sigma-1 receptor modulation might be useful in treating these central nervous system diseases. Importantly, two sigma-1 receptor ligands entered clinical trials, showing that this compound group possesses therapeutic potential. Therefore, based on preclinical studies, this review discusses whether the sigma-1 receptor could be a promising target for drugs treating affective and cognitive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Sałaciak
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Karolina Pytka
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland.
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19
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Shi M, Chen F, Chen Z, Yang W, Yue S, Zhang J, Chen X. Sigma-1 Receptor: A Potential Therapeutic Target for Traumatic Brain Injury. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:685201. [PMID: 34658788 PMCID: PMC8515188 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.685201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The sigma-1 receptor (Sig-1R) is a chaperone receptor that primarily resides at the mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane (MAM) and acts as a dynamic pluripotent modulator regulating cellular pathophysiological processes. Multiple pharmacological studies have confirmed the beneficial effects of Sig-1R activation on cellular calcium homeostasis, excitotoxicity modulation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) clearance, and the structural and functional stability of the ER, mitochondria, and MAM. The Sig-1R is expressed broadly in cells of the central nervous system (CNS) and has been reported to be involved in various neurological disorders. Traumatic brain injury (TBI)-induced secondary injury involves complex and interrelated pathophysiological processes such as cellular apoptosis, glutamate excitotoxicity, inflammatory responses, endoplasmic reticulum stress, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Thus, given the pluripotent modulation of the Sig-1R in diverse neurological disorders, we hypothesized that the Sig-1R may affect a series of pathophysiology after TBI. This review summarizes the current knowledge of the Sig-1R, its mechanistic role in various pathophysiological processes of multiple CNS diseases, and its potential therapeutic role in TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, China
| | - Fanglian Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhijuan Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Weidong Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuyuan Yue
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jianning Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, China
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20
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Aishwarya R, Abdullah CS, Morshed M, Remex NS, Bhuiyan MS. Sigmar1's Molecular, Cellular, and Biological Functions in Regulating Cellular Pathophysiology. Front Physiol 2021; 12:705575. [PMID: 34305655 PMCID: PMC8293995 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.705575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The Sigma 1 receptor (Sigmar1) is a ubiquitously expressed multifunctional inter-organelle signaling chaperone protein playing a diverse role in cellular survival. Recessive mutation in Sigmar1 have been identified as a causative gene for neuronal and neuromuscular disorder. Since the discovery over 40 years ago, Sigmar1 has been shown to contribute to numerous cellular functions, including ion channel regulation, protein quality control, endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondrial communication, lipid metabolism, mitochondrial function, autophagy activation, and involved in cellular survival. Alterations in Sigmar1’s subcellular localization, expression, and signaling has been implicated in the progression of a wide range of diseases, such as neurodegenerative diseases, ischemic brain injury, cardiovascular diseases, diabetic retinopathy, cancer, and drug addiction. The goal of this review is to summarize the current knowledge of Sigmar1 biology focusing the recent discoveries on Sigmar1’s molecular, cellular, pathophysiological, and biological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Aishwarya
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States
| | - Chowdhury S Abdullah
- Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States
| | - Mahboob Morshed
- Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States
| | - Naznin Sultana Remex
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States
| | - Md Shenuarin Bhuiyan
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States.,Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States
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21
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Quadir SG, Tanino SM, Sami YN, Minnig MA, Iyer MR, Rice KC, Cottone P, Sabino V. Antagonism of Sigma-1 receptor blocks heavy alcohol drinking and associated hyperalgesia in male mice. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2021; 45:1398-1407. [PMID: 34060104 PMCID: PMC8295198 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a complex psychiatric disease characterized by high alcohol intake as well as hyperkatifeia and hyperalgesia during withdrawal. A role for Sigma-1 receptors (Sig-1Rs) in the rewarding and reinforcing effects of alcohol has started to emerge in recent years, as rat studies have indicated that Sig-1R hyperactivity may result in excessive alcohol drinking. Sig-1R studies in mice are very scarce, and its potential role in alcohol-induced hyperalgesia is also unknown. METHODS In this study, we investigated the role of Sig-1R in alcohol drinking and associated hyperalgesia in male mice, using an intermittent access 2-bottle choice model of heavy drinking. RESULTS The Sig-1R antagonist BD-1063 was found dose dependently to reduce both alcohol intake and preference, without affecting either water or sucrose intake, suggesting that the effects are specific for alcohol. Notably, the ability of BD-1063 to suppress ethanol intake correlated with the individual baseline levels of alcohol drinking, suggesting that the treatment was more efficacious in heavy drinking animals. In addition, BD-1063 reversed alcohol-induced hyperalgesia during withdrawal, assessed using an automatic Hargreaves test, without affecting thermal sensitivity in alcohol-naïve animals or locomotor activity in either group. CONCLUSIONS These data show that Sig-1R antagonism dose-dependently reduced ethanol consumption in heavy drinking mice as well as its efficacy in reducing alcohol-induced hyperalgesia. These findings provide a foundation for the development of novel treatments for AUD and associated pain states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sema G. Quadir
- Laboratory of Addictive Disorders, Departments of Pharmacology and Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 E. Concord St., Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sean M. Tanino
- Laboratory of Addictive Disorders, Departments of Pharmacology and Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 E. Concord St., Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yasmine N. Sami
- Laboratory of Addictive Disorders, Departments of Pharmacology and Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 E. Concord St., Boston, MA, USA
| | - Margaret A. Minnig
- Laboratory of Addictive Disorders, Departments of Pharmacology and Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 E. Concord St., Boston, MA, USA
| | - Malliga R. Iyer
- Section on Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kenner C. Rice
- Drug Design and Synthesis, National Institute on Drug Abuse and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Pietro Cottone
- Laboratory of Addictive Disorders, Departments of Pharmacology and Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 E. Concord St., Boston, MA, USA
| | - Valentina Sabino
- Laboratory of Addictive Disorders, Departments of Pharmacology and Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 E. Concord St., Boston, MA, USA
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22
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Xu L, Chen LY. Association of sigma-1 receptor with dopamine transporter attenuates the binding of methamphetamine via distinct helix-helix interactions. Chem Biol Drug Des 2021; 97:1194-1209. [PMID: 33754484 PMCID: PMC8113090 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Dopamine transporter (DAT) and sigma-1 receptor (σ1R) are potential therapeutic targets to reduce the psychostimulant effects induced by methamphetamine (METH). Interaction of σ1R with DAT could modulate the binding of METH, but the molecular basis of the association of the two transmembrane proteins and how their interactions mediate the binding of METH to DAT or σ1R remain unclear. Here, we characterize the protein-ligand and protein-protein interactions at a molecular level by various theoretical approaches. The present results show that METH adopts a different binding pose in the binding pocket of σ1R and is more likely to act as an agonist. The relatively lower binding affinity of METH to σ1R supports the role of antagonists as inhibitors that protect against METH-induced effects. We demonstrate that σ1R could bind to Drosophila melanogaster DAT (dDAT) through interactions with either the transmembrane helix α12 or α5 of dDAT. Our results showed that the truncated σ1R displays stronger association with dDAT than the full-length σ1R. Although different helix-helix interactions between σ1R and dDAT lead to distinct effects on the dynamics of individual protein, both associations attenuate the binding affinity of METH to dDAT, particularly in the interactions with the helix α5 of dDAT. Together, the present study provides the first computational investigation on the molecular mechanism of coupling METH binding and the association of σ1R with dDAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Xu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Liao Y Chen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
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23
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Wang SM, Goguadze N, Kimura Y, Yasui Y, Pan B, Wang TY, Nakamura Y, Lin YT, Hogan QH, Wilson KL, Su TP, Wu HE. Genomic Action of Sigma-1 Receptor Chaperone Relates to Neuropathic Pain. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:2523-2541. [PMID: 33459966 PMCID: PMC8128747 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02276-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Sigma-1 receptors (Sig-1Rs) are endoplasmic reticulum (ER) chaperones implicated in neuropathic pain. Here we examine if the Sig-1R may relate to neuropathic pain at the level of dorsal root ganglia (DRG). We focus on the neuronal excitability of DRG in a "spare nerve injury" (SNI) model of neuropathic pain in rats and find that Sig-1Rs likely contribute to the genesis of DRG neuronal excitability by decreasing the protein level of voltage-gated Cav2.2 as a translational inhibitor of mRNA. Specifically, during SNI, Sig-1Rs translocate from ER to the nuclear envelope via a trafficking protein Sec61β. At the nucleus, the Sig-1R interacts with cFos and binds to the promoter of 4E-BP1, leading to an upregulation of 4E-BP1 that binds and prevents eIF4E from initiating the mRNA translation for Cav2.2. Interestingly, in Sig-1R knockout HEK cells, Cav2.2 is upregulated. In accordance with those findings, we find that intra-DRG injection of Sig-1R agonist (+)pentazocine increases frequency of action potentials via regulation of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels. Conversely, intra-DRG injection of Sig-1R antagonist BD1047 attenuates neuropathic pain. Hence, we discover that the Sig-1R chaperone causes neuropathic pain indirectly as a translational inhibitor.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Calcium Channels, N-Type/genetics
- Calcium Channels, N-Type/metabolism
- Endoplasmic Reticulum/metabolism
- Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-4E/metabolism
- Ganglia, Spinal/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Genome
- HEK293 Cells
- Humans
- Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/metabolism
- Male
- Nerve Tissue/injuries
- Nerve Tissue/pathology
- Neuralgia/genetics
- Nuclear Envelope/metabolism
- Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics
- Protein Biosynthesis
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos/metabolism
- RNA Caps/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptors, sigma/agonists
- Receptors, sigma/genetics
- Receptors, sigma/metabolism
- SEC Translocation Channels/metabolism
- Transcription, Genetic
- Sigma-1 Receptor
- Rats
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Ming Wang
- Cellular Pathobiology Section, Integrative Neuroscience Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIH/DHHS, Suite 3512, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Nino Goguadze
- Cellular Pathobiology Section, Integrative Neuroscience Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIH/DHHS, Suite 3512, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Yuriko Kimura
- Cellular Pathobiology Section, Integrative Neuroscience Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIH/DHHS, Suite 3512, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Yuko Yasui
- Cellular Pathobiology Section, Integrative Neuroscience Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIH/DHHS, Suite 3512, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Bin Pan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Tzu-Yun Wang
- Cellular Pathobiology Section, Integrative Neuroscience Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIH/DHHS, Suite 3512, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, 70101, Taiwan
| | - Yoki Nakamura
- Cellular Pathobiology Section, Integrative Neuroscience Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIH/DHHS, Suite 3512, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Yu-Ting Lin
- Cellular Pathobiology Section, Integrative Neuroscience Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIH/DHHS, Suite 3512, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Quinn H Hogan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Katherine L Wilson
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Tsung-Ping Su
- Cellular Pathobiology Section, Integrative Neuroscience Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIH/DHHS, Suite 3512, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA.
| | - Hsiang-En Wu
- Cellular Pathobiology Section, Integrative Neuroscience Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIH/DHHS, Suite 3512, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
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24
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Voronin MV, Vakhitova YV, Tsypysheva IP, Tsypyshev DO, Rybina IV, Kurbanov RD, Abramova EV, Seredenin SB. Involvement of Chaperone Sigma1R in the Anxiolytic Effect of Fabomotizole. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5455. [PMID: 34064275 PMCID: PMC8196847 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sigma-1 receptor (chaperone Sigma1R) is an intracellular protein with chaperone functions, which is expressed in various organs, including the brain. Sigma1R participates in the regulation of physiological mechanisms of anxiety (Su, T. P. et al., 2016) and reactions to emotional stress (Hayashi, T., 2015). In 2006, fabomotizole (ethoxy-2-[2-(morpholino)-ethylthio]benzimidazole dihydrochloride) was registered in Russia as an anxiolytic (Seredenin S. and Voronin M., 2009). The molecular targets of fabomotizole are Sigma1R, NRH: quinone reductase 2 (NQO2), and monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) (Seredenin S. and Voronin M., 2009). The current study aimed to clarify the dependence of fabomotizole anxiolytic action on its interaction with Sigma1R and perform a docking analysis of fabomotizole interaction with Sigma1R. An elevated plus maze (EPM) test revealed that the anxiolytic-like effect of fabomotizole (2.5 mg/kg i.p.) administered to male BALB/c mice 30 min prior EPM exposition was blocked by Sigma1R antagonists BD-1047 (1.0 mg/kg i.p.) and NE-100 (1.0 mg/kg i.p.) pretreatment. Results of initial in silico study showed that fabomotizole locates in the active center of Sigma1R, reproducing the interactions with the site's amino acids common for established Sigma1R ligands, with the ΔGbind value closer to that of agonist (+)-pentazocine in the 6DK1 binding site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail V. Voronin
- Department of Pharmacogenetics, Federal State Budgetary Institution “Research Zakusov Institute of Pharmacology”, Baltiyskaya Street 8, 125315 Moscow, Russia; (I.P.T.); (D.O.T.); (I.V.R.); (R.D.K.); (E.V.A.)
| | - Yulia V. Vakhitova
- Department of Pharmacogenetics, Federal State Budgetary Institution “Research Zakusov Institute of Pharmacology”, Baltiyskaya Street 8, 125315 Moscow, Russia; (I.P.T.); (D.O.T.); (I.V.R.); (R.D.K.); (E.V.A.)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Sergei B. Seredenin
- Department of Pharmacogenetics, Federal State Budgetary Institution “Research Zakusov Institute of Pharmacology”, Baltiyskaya Street 8, 125315 Moscow, Russia; (I.P.T.); (D.O.T.); (I.V.R.); (R.D.K.); (E.V.A.)
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25
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Zhemkov V, Ditlev JA, Lee WR, Wilson M, Liou J, Rosen MK, Bezprozvanny I. The role of sigma 1 receptor in organization of endoplasmic reticulum signaling microdomains. eLife 2021; 10:e65192. [PMID: 33973848 PMCID: PMC8112866 DOI: 10.7554/elife.65192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sigma 1 receptor (S1R) is a 223-amino-acid-long transmembrane endoplasmic reticulum (ER) protein. S1R modulates activity of multiple effector proteins and is a well-established drug target. However, signaling functions of S1R in cells are poorly understood. Here, we test the hypothesis that biological activity of S1R in cells can be explained by its ability to interact with cholesterol and to form cholesterol-enriched microdomains in the ER membrane. By performing experiments in reduced reconstitution systems, we demonstrate direct effects of cholesterol on S1R clustering. We identify a novel cholesterol-binding motif in the transmembrane region of human S1R. Mutations of this motif impair association of recombinant S1R with cholesterol beads, affect S1R clustering in vitro and disrupt S1R subcellular localization. We demonstrate that S1R-induced membrane microdomains have increased local membrane thickness and that increased local cholesterol concentration and/or membrane thickness in these microdomains can modulate signaling of inositol-requiring enzyme 1α in the ER. Further, S1R agonists cause disruption of S1R clusters, suggesting that biological activity of S1R agonists is linked to remodeling of ER membrane microdomains. Our results provide novel insights into S1R-mediated signaling mechanisms in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Zhemkov
- Department of Physiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center at DallasDallasUnited States
| | - Jonathon A Ditlev
- Department of Biophysics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, UT Southwestern Medical Center at DallasDallasUnited States
| | - Wan-Ru Lee
- Department of Physiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center at DallasDallasUnited States
| | - Mikaela Wilson
- Department of Physiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center at DallasDallasUnited States
| | - Jen Liou
- Department of Physiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center at DallasDallasUnited States
| | - Michael K Rosen
- Department of Biophysics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, UT Southwestern Medical Center at DallasDallasUnited States
| | - Ilya Bezprozvanny
- Department of Physiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center at DallasDallasUnited States
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurodegeneration, Peter the Great St. Petersburg State Polytechnic UniversitySt. PetersburgRussian Federation
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26
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Agha H, McCurdy CR. In vitro and in vivo sigma 1 receptor imaging studies in different disease states. RSC Med Chem 2021; 12:154-177. [PMID: 34046607 PMCID: PMC8127618 DOI: 10.1039/d0md00186d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The sigma receptor system has been classified into two distinct subtypes, sigma 1 (σ1R) and sigma 2 (σ2R). Sigma 1 receptors (σ1Rs) are involved in many neurodegenerative diseases and different central nervous system disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia, and drug addiction, and pain. This makes them attractive targets for developing radioligands as tools to gain a better understanding of disease pathophysiology and clinical diagnosis. Over the years, several σ1R radioligands have been developed to image the changes in σ1R distribution and density providing insights into their role in disease development. Moreover, the involvement of both σ1Rs and σ2Rs with cancer make these ligands, especially those that are σ2R selective, great tools for imaging different types of tumors. This review will discuss the principles of molecular imaging using PET and SPECT, known σ1R radioligands and their applications for labelling σ1Rs under different disease conditions. Furthermore, this review will highlight σ1R radioligands that have demonstrated considerable potential as biomarkers, and an opportunity to fulfill the ultimate goal of better healthcare outcomes and improving human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hebaalla Agha
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida Gainesville FL 32610 USA +(352) 273 7705 +1 (352) 294 8691
| | - Christopher R McCurdy
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida Gainesville FL 32610 USA +(352) 273 7705 +1 (352) 294 8691
- UF Translational Drug Development Core, University of Florida Gainesville FL 32610 USA
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27
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Alonso IP, Pino JA, Kortagere S, Torres GE, España RA. Dopamine transporter function fluctuates across sleep/wake state: potential impact for addiction. Neuropsychopharmacology 2021; 46:699-708. [PMID: 33032296 PMCID: PMC8026992 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-020-00879-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The dopamine transporter (DAT) has been implicated in a variety of arousal-related processes including the regulation of motor activity, learning, motivated behavior, psychostimulant abuse, and, more recently, sleep/wake state. We previously demonstrated that DAT uptake regulates fluctuations in extracellular dopamine (DA) in the striatum across the light/dark cycle with DA levels at their highest during the dark phase and lowest during the light phase. Despite this evidence, whether fluctuations in DA uptake across the light/dark cycle are associated with changes in sleep/wake has not been tested. To address this, we employed a combination of sleep/wake recordings, fast scan cyclic voltammetry, and western blotting to examine whether sleep/wake state and/or light/dark phase impact DA terminal neurotransmission in male rats. Further, we assessed whether variations in plasma membrane DAT levels and/or phosphorylation of the threonine 53 site on the DAT accounts for fluctuations in DA neurotransmission. Given the extensive evidence indicating that psychostimulants increase DA through interactions with the DAT, we also examined to what degree the effects of cocaine at inhibiting the DAT vary across sleep/wake state. Results demonstrated a significant association between individual sleep/wake states and DA terminal neurotransmission, with higher DA uptake rate, increased phosphorylation of the DAT, and enhanced cocaine potency observed after periods of sleep. These findings suggest that sleep/wake state influences DA neurotransmission in a manner that is likely to impact a host of DA-dependent processes including a variety of neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- I. P. Alonso
- grid.166341.70000 0001 2181 3113Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129 USA
| | - J. A. Pino
- grid.440631.40000 0001 2228 7602Departamento de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Atacama, 1532502 Copiapó, Chile
| | - S. Kortagere
- grid.166341.70000 0001 2181 3113Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129 USA
| | - G. E. Torres
- grid.254250.40000 0001 2264 7145Department of Molecular, Cellular & Biomedical Sciences, CUNY School of Medicine at the City College of New York, New York, NY 10031 USA
| | - R. A. España
- grid.166341.70000 0001 2181 3113Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129 USA
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28
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Battista T, Pascarella G, Staid DS, Colotti G, Rosati J, Fiorillo A, Casamassa A, Vescovi AL, Giabbai B, Semrau MS, Fanelli S, Storici P, Squitieri F, Morea V, Ilari A. Known Drugs Identified by Structure-Based Virtual Screening Are Able to Bind Sigma-1 Receptor and Increase Growth of Huntington Disease Patient-Derived Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1293. [PMID: 33525510 PMCID: PMC7865886 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Huntington disease (HD) is a devastating and presently untreatable neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressively disabling motor and mental manifestations. The sigma-1 receptor (σ1R) is a protein expressed in the central nervous system, whose 3D structure has been recently determined by X-ray crystallography and whose agonists have been shown to have neuroprotective activity in neurodegenerative diseases. To identify therapeutic agents against HD, we have implemented a drug repositioning strategy consisting of: (i) Prediction of the ability of the FDA-approved drugs publicly available through the ZINC database to interact with σ1R by virtual screening, followed by computational docking and visual examination of the 20 highest scoring drugs; and (ii) Assessment of the ability of the six drugs selected by computational analyses to directly bind purified σ1R in vitro by Surface Plasmon Resonance and improve the growth of fibroblasts obtained from HD patients, which is significantly impaired with respect to control cells. All six of the selected drugs proved able to directly bind purified σ1R in vitro and improve the growth of HD cells from both or one HD patient. These results support the validity of the drug repositioning procedure implemented herein for the identification of new therapeutic tools against HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theo Battista
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council of Italy, 00185 Rome, Italy; (T.B.); (G.P.); (D.S.S.); (G.C.)
- Department of Biochemical Sciences “A. Rossi Fanelli”, “Sapienza” University, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Gianmarco Pascarella
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council of Italy, 00185 Rome, Italy; (T.B.); (G.P.); (D.S.S.); (G.C.)
- Department of Biochemical Sciences “A. Rossi Fanelli”, “Sapienza” University, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - David Sasah Staid
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council of Italy, 00185 Rome, Italy; (T.B.); (G.P.); (D.S.S.); (G.C.)
- Department of Biochemical Sciences “A. Rossi Fanelli”, “Sapienza” University, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Gianni Colotti
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council of Italy, 00185 Rome, Italy; (T.B.); (G.P.); (D.S.S.); (G.C.)
| | - Jessica Rosati
- Cellular Reprogramming Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy; (J.R.); (A.C.); (A.L.V.)
| | - Annarita Fiorillo
- Department of Biochemical Sciences “A. Rossi Fanelli”, “Sapienza” University, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Alessia Casamassa
- Cellular Reprogramming Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy; (J.R.); (A.C.); (A.L.V.)
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Angelo Luigi Vescovi
- Cellular Reprogramming Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy; (J.R.); (A.C.); (A.L.V.)
| | - Barbara Giabbai
- Protein Facility, Structural Biology Lab, Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste, 34149 Basovizza, Italy; (B.G.); (M.S.S.); (P.S.)
| | - Marta Stefania Semrau
- Protein Facility, Structural Biology Lab, Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste, 34149 Basovizza, Italy; (B.G.); (M.S.S.); (P.S.)
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology—CIBIO, University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Sergio Fanelli
- Huntington and Rare Diseases Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy; (S.F.); (F.S.)
| | - Paola Storici
- Protein Facility, Structural Biology Lab, Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste, 34149 Basovizza, Italy; (B.G.); (M.S.S.); (P.S.)
| | - Ferdinando Squitieri
- Huntington and Rare Diseases Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy; (S.F.); (F.S.)
| | - Veronica Morea
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council of Italy, 00185 Rome, Italy; (T.B.); (G.P.); (D.S.S.); (G.C.)
| | - Andrea Ilari
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council of Italy, 00185 Rome, Italy; (T.B.); (G.P.); (D.S.S.); (G.C.)
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29
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Kronenberg E, Weber F, Schepmann D, Wünsch B. Synthesis and σ receptor affinity of spiro[[2]benzopyran-1,1'-cyclohexanes] with an exocyclic amino moiety in the 3'-position. RSC Med Chem 2020; 12:237-244. [PMID: 34046612 DOI: 10.1039/d0md00307g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The main functions of σ 1 receptors include the modulation of release and reuptake of neurotransmitters, the regulation of ion channels and the influence on intracellular signaling through modulation of calcium levels. Due to these properties, σ 1 receptors are interesting drug targets for the treatment of various neurological disorders, pain and cancer. In order to modify the distance between the pharmacophoric elements (the benzene ring of 2-benzopyran and an amino moiety), a set of spiro[[2]benzopyran-1,1'-cyclohexan]-3'-amines was synthesized. The key step of the synthesis was a Parham cyclization of 1-bromo-2-(2-bromoethyl)benzene (6) with the mono ketal 7 of cyclohexane-1,3-dione, which led in a one-pot reaction to the spirocyclic framework 8. Reductive amination of ketone 9 stereoselectively provided secondary amines cis-4, which were methylated to afford tertiary amines cis-5. Whereas spirocyclic compounds cis-4a and cis-5a bearing a benzyl moiety at the exocyclic amino moiety showed rather low σ 1 affinity, the corresponding cyclohexylmethyl derivatives cis-4b and cis-5b exhibited low nanomolar σ 1 affinity. The secondary amine cis-4b displayed the highest σ 1 receptor affinity (K i = 5.4 nM) in this series. Methylation of the secondary amine cis-4b led to a slightly decreased σ 1 receptor affinity of cis-5b (K i = 15 nM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Kronenberg
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie der Westfälischen Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstr. 48 D-48149 Münster Germany +49 251 8332144 +49 251 8333311
| | - Frauke Weber
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie der Westfälischen Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstr. 48 D-48149 Münster Germany +49 251 8332144 +49 251 8333311
| | - Dirk Schepmann
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie der Westfälischen Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstr. 48 D-48149 Münster Germany +49 251 8332144 +49 251 8333311
| | - Bernhard Wünsch
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie der Westfälischen Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstr. 48 D-48149 Münster Germany +49 251 8332144 +49 251 8333311
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30
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Lee PT, Liévens JC, Wang SM, Chuang JY, Khalil B, Wu HE, Chang WC, Maurice T, Su TP. Sigma-1 receptor chaperones rescue nucleocytoplasmic transport deficit seen in cellular and Drosophila ALS/FTD models. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5580. [PMID: 33149115 PMCID: PMC7642387 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19396-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In a subgroup of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)/Frontotemporal dementia (FTD), the (G4C2)-RNA repeat expansion from C9orf72 chromosome binds to the Ran-activating protein (RanGAP) at the nuclear pore, resulting in nucleocytoplasmic transport deficit and accumulation of Ran in the cytosol. Here, we found that the sigma-1 receptor (Sig-1R), a molecular chaperone, reverses the pathological effects of (G4C2)-RNA repeats in cell lines and in Drosophila. The Sig-1R colocalizes with RanGAP and nuclear pore proteins (Nups) and stabilizes the latter. Interestingly, Sig-1Rs directly bind (G4C2)-RNA repeats. Overexpression of Sig-1Rs rescues, whereas the Sig-1R knockout exacerbates, the (G4C2)-RNA repeats-induced aberrant cytoplasmic accumulation of Ran. In Drosophila, Sig-1R (but not the Sig-1R-E102Q mutant) overexpression reverses eye necrosis, climbing deficit, and firing discharge caused by (G4C2)-RNA repeats. These results on a molecular chaperone at the nuclear pore suggest that Sig-1Rs may benefit patients with C9orf72 ALS/FTD by chaperoning the nuclear pore assembly and sponging away deleterious (G4C2)-RNA repeats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pin-Tse Lee
- Cellular Pathobiology Section, Integrative Neuroscience Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIH, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
- The Ph.D Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
- Taiwan Biomaterial Company, 6F, No. 26-1, Sec. 2, Shengyi Rd., Zhubei City, Hsin-Chu County, 30261, Taiwan
| | | | - Shao-Ming Wang
- Cellular Pathobiology Section, Integrative Neuroscience Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIH, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Jian-Ying Chuang
- The Ph.D Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Bilal Khalil
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Hsiang-En Wu
- Cellular Pathobiology Section, Integrative Neuroscience Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIH, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Wen-Chang Chang
- The Ph.D Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Tangui Maurice
- MMDN, University of Montpellier, EPHE, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Tsung-Ping Su
- Cellular Pathobiology Section, Integrative Neuroscience Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIH, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA.
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31
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Mangiatordi GF, Intranuovo F, Delre P, Abatematteo FS, Abate C, Niso M, Creanza TM, Ancona N, Stefanachi A, Contino M. Cannabinoid Receptor Subtype 2 (CB2R) in a Multitarget Approach: Perspective of an Innovative Strategy in Cancer and Neurodegeneration. J Med Chem 2020; 63:14448-14469. [PMID: 33094613 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The cannabinoid receptor subtype 2 (CB2R) represents an interesting and new therapeutic target for its involvement in the first steps of neurodegeneration as well as in cancer onset and progression. Several studies, focused on different types of tumors, report a promising anticancer activity induced by CB2R agonists due to their ability to reduce inflammation and cell proliferation. Moreover, in neuroinflammation, the stimulation of CB2R, overexpressed in microglial cells, exerts beneficial effects in neurodegenerative disorders. With the aim to overcome current treatment limitations, new drugs can be developed by specifically modulating, together with CB2R, other targets involved in such multifactorial disorders. Building on successful case studies of already developed multitarget strategies involving CB2R, in this Perspective we aim at prompting the scientific community to consider new promising target associations involving HDACs (histone deacetylases) and σ receptors by employing modern approaches based on molecular hybridization, computational polypharmacology, and machine learning algorithms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Francesca Intranuovo
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Pietro Delre
- CNR-Institute of Crystallography, Via Amendola 122/o, 70126 Bari, Italy.,Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Francesca Serena Abatematteo
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Carmen Abate
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Mauro Niso
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Teresa Maria Creanza
- CNR-Institute of Intelligent Industrial Technologies and Systems for Advanced Manufacturing, Via Amendola 122/o, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Nicola Ancona
- CNR-Institute of Intelligent Industrial Technologies and Systems for Advanced Manufacturing, Via Amendola 122/o, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Angela Stefanachi
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Marialessandra Contino
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
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32
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Kadnikov IA, Verbovaya ER, Voronkov DN, Voronin MV, Seredenin SB. Deferred Administration of Afobazole Induces Sigma1R-Dependent Restoration of Striatal Dopamine Content in a Mouse Model of Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7620. [PMID: 33076300 PMCID: PMC7593947 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously, we demonstrated that the immediate administration of multitarget anxiolytic afobazole slows down the progression of neuronal damage in a 6-hydroxidodamine (6-OHDA) model of Parkinson's disease due to the activation of chaperone Sigma1R. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the therapeutic potential of deferred afobazole administration in this model. Male ICR mice received a unilateral 6-OHDA lesion of the striatum. Fourteen days after the surgery, mice were treated with afobazole, selective Sigma1R agonist PRE-084, selective Sigma1R antagonist BD-1047, and a combination of BD-1047 with afobazole or PRE-084 for another 14 days. The deferred administration of afobazole restored the intrastriatal dopamine content in the 6-OHDA-lesioned striatum and facilitated motor behavior in rotarod tests. The action of afobazole accorded with the effect of Sigma1R selective agonist PRE-084 and was blocked by Sigma1R selective antagonist BD-1047. The present study illustrates the Sigma1R-dependent effects of afobazole in a 6-OHDA model of Parkinson's disease and reveals the therapeutic potential of Sigma1R agonists in treatment of the condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilya A. Kadnikov
- Department of Pharmacogenetics, FSBI “Zakusov Institute of Pharmacology”, Baltiyskaya street 8, 125315 Moscow, Russia; (E.R.V.); (M.V.V.)
| | - Ekaterina R. Verbovaya
- Department of Pharmacogenetics, FSBI “Zakusov Institute of Pharmacology”, Baltiyskaya street 8, 125315 Moscow, Russia; (E.R.V.); (M.V.V.)
| | - Dmitry N. Voronkov
- Laboratory of neuromorphology, Research Center of Neurology, Volokolamskoe Highway 80, 125367 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Mikhail V. Voronin
- Department of Pharmacogenetics, FSBI “Zakusov Institute of Pharmacology”, Baltiyskaya street 8, 125315 Moscow, Russia; (E.R.V.); (M.V.V.)
| | - Sergei B. Seredenin
- Department of Pharmacogenetics, FSBI “Zakusov Institute of Pharmacology”, Baltiyskaya street 8, 125315 Moscow, Russia; (E.R.V.); (M.V.V.)
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Chemogenetic Manipulation of Dopamine Neurons Dictates Cocaine Potency at Distal Dopamine Transporters. J Neurosci 2020; 40:8767-8779. [PMID: 33046544 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0894-20.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The reinforcing efficacy of cocaine is largely determined by its capacity to inhibit the dopamine transporter (DAT), and emerging evidence suggests that differences in cocaine potency are linked to several symptoms of cocaine use disorder. Despite this evidence, the neural processes that govern cocaine potency in vivo remain unclear. In male rats, we used chemogenetics with intra-VTA microinfusions of the agonist clozapine-n-oxide to bidirectionally modulate dopamine neurons. Using ex vivo fast scan cyclic voltammetry, pharmacological probes of the DAT, biochemical assessments of DAT membrane availability and phosphorylation, and cocaine self-administration, we tested the effects of chemogenetic manipulations on cocaine potency at distal DATs in the nucleus accumbens as well as the behavioral economics of cocaine self-administration. We discovered that chemogenetic manipulation of dopamine neurons produced rapid, bidirectional modulation of cocaine potency at DATs in the nucleus accumbens. We then provided evidence that changes in cocaine potency are associated with alterations in DAT affinity for cocaine and demonstrated that this change in affinity coincides with DAT conformation biases and changes in DAT phosphorylation state. Finally, we showed that chemogenetic manipulation of dopamine neurons alters cocaine consumption in a manner consistent with changes in cocaine potency at distal DATs. Based on the spatial and temporal constraints inherent to our experimental design, we posit that changes in cocaine potency are driven by alterations in dopamine neuron activity. When considered together, these observations provide a novel mechanism through which GPCRs regulate cocaine's pharmacological and behavioral effects.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Differences in the pharmacological effects of cocaine are believed to influence the development and progression of cocaine use disorder. However, the biological and physiological processes that determine sensitivity to cocaine remain unclear. In this work, we use a combination of chemogenetics, fast scan cyclic voltammetry, pharmacology, biochemistry, and cocaine self-administration with economic demand analysis to demonstrate a novel mechanism by which cocaine potency is determined in vivo These studies identify a novel process by which the pharmacodynamics of cocaine are derived in vivo, and thus this work has widespread implications for understanding the mechanisms that regulate cocaine consumption across stages of addiction.
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Cifani C, Micioni Di Bonaventura E, Botticelli L, Del Bello F, Giorgioni G, Pavletić P, Piergentili A, Quaglia W, Bonifazi A, Schepmann D, Wünsch B, Vistoli G, Micioni Di Bonaventura MV. Novel Highly Potent and Selective Sigma1 Receptor Antagonists Effectively Block the Binge Eating Episode in Female Rats. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:3107-3116. [PMID: 32886484 PMCID: PMC8011929 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
![]()
In
this paper, the benzo-cracking approach was applied to the potent
sigma1 (σ1) receptor antagonist 1 to
afford the less conformationally constrained 1,3-dioxane derivatives 2 and 3. To evaluate the effect of the increase
in the distance between the two hydrophobic structural elements that
flank the basic function, the cis and trans diastereomers of 4 and 5 were also prepared
and studied. Compounds 2 and 3 showed affinity
values at the σ1 receptor significantly higher than
that of the lead compound 1. In particular, 3 displayed unprecedented selectivity over the σ2 receptor, the phencyclidine site of the NMDA receptor, and opioid
receptor subtypes, as well as over the dopamine transporter. Docking
results supported the structure–activity relationship studies.
Due to its interesting biological profile, derivative 3, selected for an in vivo study in a validated preclinical
model of binge eating, was able to counteract the overeating of palatable
food only in binging rats, without affecting palatable food intake
in the control group and anxiety-like and depression-related behaviors
in female rats. This result strengthened the involvement of the σ1 receptor in the compulsive-like eating behavior and supported
the σ1 receptor as a promising target for the management
of eating disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Cifani
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Unit, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri 9, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | | | - Luca Botticelli
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Unit, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri 9, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Fabio Del Bello
- School of Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Gianfabio Giorgioni
- School of Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Pegi Pavletić
- School of Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Alessandro Piergentili
- School of Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Wilma Quaglia
- School of Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Alessandro Bonifazi
- School of Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Dirk Schepmann
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 48, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Bernhard Wünsch
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 48, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Giulio Vistoli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milano, Italy
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Motawe ZY, Abdelmaboud SS, Cuevas J, Breslin JW. PRE-084 as a tool to uncover potential therapeutic applications for selective sigma-1 receptor activation. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2020; 126:105803. [PMID: 32668330 PMCID: PMC7484451 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2020.105803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of a highly selective putative sigma-1 (σ1) receptor agonist, PRE-084, has revealed the numerous potential uses of this receptor subtype as a therapeutic target. While much work has been devoted to determining the role of σ1 receptors in normal and pathophysiological states in the nervous system, recent work suggests that σ1 receptors may be important for modulating functions of other tissues. These discoveries have provided novel insights into σ1 receptor structure, function, and importance in multiple intracellular signaling mechanisms. These discoveries were made possible by σ1 receptor-selective agonists such as PRE-084. The chemical properties and pharmacological actions of PRE-084 will be reviewed here, along with the expanding list of potential therapeutic applications for selective activation of σ1 receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Y Motawe
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Salma S Abdelmaboud
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Javier Cuevas
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Jerome W Breslin
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States.
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36
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Hong WC. Distinct Regulation of σ 1 Receptor Multimerization by Its Agonists and Antagonists in Transfected Cells and Rat Liver Membranes. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2020; 373:290-301. [PMID: 32060048 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.119.262790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Extensive studies have shown that the σ 1 receptor (σ 1R) interacts with and modulates the activity of multiple proteins with important biological functions. Recent crystal structures of σ 1R as a homotrimer differ from a dimer-tetramer model postulated earlier. It remains inconclusive whether ligand binding regulates σ 1R oligomerization. Here, novel nondenaturing gel methods and mutational analysis were used to examine σ 1R oligomerization. In transfected cells, σ 1R exhibited as multimers, dimers, and monomers. Overall, σ 1R agonists decreased, whereas σ 1R antagonists increased σ 1R multimers, suggesting that agonists and antagonists differentially affect the stability of σ 1R multimers. Endogenous σ 1R in rat liver membranes also showed similar regulation of oligomerization as in cells. Mutations at key residues lining the trimerization interface (Arg119, Asp195, Phe191, Trp136, and Gly91) abolished multimerization without disrupting dimerization. Intriguingly, truncation of the N terminus reduced σ 1R to apparent monomer. These results demonstrate that multiple domains play crucial roles in coordinating high-order quaternary organization of σ 1R. The E102Q σ 1R mutant implicated in juvenile amyotrophic lateral sclerosis formed dimers only, suggesting that dysregulation of σ 1R multimeric assembly may impair its function. Interestingly, oligomerization of σ 1R was pH-dependent and correlated with changes in [3H](+)-pentazocine binding affinity and Bmax Combined with mutational analysis, it is reasoned that σ 1R multimers possess high-affinity and high-capacity [3H](+)-pentazocine binding, whereas monomers likely lack binding. These results suggest that σ 1R may exist in interconvertible oligomeric states in a dynamic equilibrium. Further exploration of ligand-regulated σ 1R multimerization may provide novel approaches to modulate the function of σ 1R and its interacting proteins. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The σ 1 receptor (σ 1R) modulates the activities of various partner proteins. Recently, crystal structures of σ 1R were elucidated as homotrimers. This study used novel nondenaturing gel methods to examine σ1R oligomerization in transfected cells and rat liver membranes. Overall, agonist binding decreased, whereas antagonist binding increased σ 1R multimers, which comprised trimers and larger units. σ 1R multimers were shown to bind [3H](+)-pentazocine with high affinity and high capacity. Furthermore, mutational analysis revealed a crucial role of its N-terminal domain in σ 1R multimerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weimin Conrad Hong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Butler University, Indianapolis, Indiana
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37
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Abramyan AM, Yano H, Xu M, Liu L, Naing S, Fant AD, Shi L. The Glu102 mutation disrupts higher-order oligomerization of the sigma 1 receptor. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2020; 18:199-206. [PMID: 32055286 PMCID: PMC7005341 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2019.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The sigma 1 receptor (σ1R) is a unique endoplasmic reticulum membrane protein. Its ligands have been shown to possess therapeutic potential for neurological and substance use disorders among others. The E102Q mutation of σ1R has been found to elicit familial cases of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Despite reports of its downstream signaling consequences, the mechanistic details of the functional impact of E102Q at molecular level are not clear. Here, we investigate the molecular mechanism of the E102Q mutation with a spectrum of biochemical, biophysical, and pharmacological approaches. Our analysis of the interaction network of σ1R indicates that a set of residues near E102 is critical for the integrity of C-terminal ligand-binding domain. However, this integrity is not affected by the E102Q and E102A mutations, which is confirmed by the radioligand binding results. Instead, the E102 mutations disrupt the connection between the C-terminal domain and the N-terminal transmembrane helix (NT-helix). Results from bioluminescence resonance energy transfer and western blot assays demonstrate that these mutations destabilize higher-order σ1R oligomers, while our molecular dynamics simulations based on a σ1R crystal structure reveal a potential mechanism by which the mutations perturb the NT-helix dynamics. Thus, we propose that E102 is at a critical position in propagating the effects of ligand binding from the C-terminal domain to the NT-helix, while the latter may be involved in forming alternative oligomer interfaces, separate from the previously reported trimer interface. Together, these results provide the first account of the molecular mechanism of σ1R dysfunction caused by E102Q.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Lei Shi
- Corresponding author at: Triad Technology Center, 333 Cassell Drive, Room 1121, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
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38
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Job MO, Katz JL. A behavioral economic analysis of the effects of rimcazole on reinforcing effects of cocaine injection and food presentation in rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2019; 236:3601-3612. [PMID: 31399853 PMCID: PMC6895418 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-019-05332-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES Rimcazole, a σ-receptor antagonist with affinity for the dopamine transporter (DAT), decreases rates of cocaine self-administration at doses lower than those that affect food-reinforced responding. As response rates are multiply determined, behavioral-economic analyses were used to provide measures of the reinforcing effectiveness of cocaine and food after rimcazole treatment. Further, effects of combinations of the DAT inhibitor, methylphenidate, and σ-receptor antagonists (BD1008, BD1063) were compared to those of rimcazole to assess mechanism of rimcazole effects. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were trained to lever press with food reinforcement (one or three 20-mg sucrose pellets) or cocaine injection (0.1 or 0.32 mg/kg) under fixed-ratio (FR) 5-response schedules. Drugs or vehicle were administered (i.p.) 5-min before sessions in which FR value was increased from 5 to 80. Economic demand functions were generated from effects of FR value (price) on intake (consumption), with the parameters of demand, consumption at no cost (Q0) and sensitivity to price (essential value, EV), derived. RESULTS Rimcazole dose-dependently decreased Q0 and EV at both cocaine doses/injection. In contrast, rimcazole had no effect on these parameters at either food amount. Combinations of methylphenidate and the σ-receptor antagonists decreased Q0 at the lower cocaine dose/injection but had no effect on EV; these treatments were ineffective on both economic parameters at the higher cocaine dose/injection and at either food amount. CONCLUSIONS Though the drug combinations only replicated rimcazole's effects incompletely, the present results suggest a specific decrease in the reinforcing effects of cocaine due to dual DAT σ-receptor blockade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin O Job
- Psychobiology Section, Molecular Neuropsychiatry Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Jonathan L Katz
- Psychobiology Section, Molecular Neuropsychiatry Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA.
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39
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Slack RD, Ku TC, Cao J, Giancola JB, Bonifazi A, Loland CJ, Gadiano A, Lam J, Rais R, Slusher BS, Coggiano M, Tanda G, Newman AH. Structure-Activity Relationships for a Series of (Bis(4-fluorophenyl)methyl)sulfinyl Alkyl Alicyclic Amines at the Dopamine Transporter: Functionalizing the Terminal Nitrogen Affects Affinity, Selectivity, and Metabolic Stability. J Med Chem 2019; 63:2343-2357. [PMID: 31661268 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Atypical dopamine transporter (DAT) inhibitors have shown therapeutic potential in preclinical models of psychostimulant abuse. In rats, 1-(4-(2-((bis(4-fluorophenyl)methyl)sulfinyl)ethyl)-piperazin-1-yl)-propan-2-ol (3b) was effective in reducing the reinforcing effects of both cocaine and methamphetamine but did not exhibit psychostimulant behaviors itself. While further development of 3b is ongoing, diastereomeric separation, as well as improvements in potency and pharmacokinetics were desirable for discovering pipeline drug candidates. Thus, a series of bis(4-fluorophenyl)methyl)sulfinyl)alkyl alicyclic amines, where the piperazine-2-propanol scaffold was modified, were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for binding affinities at DAT, as well as the serotonin transporter and σ1 receptors. Within the series, 14a showed improved DAT affinity (Ki = 23 nM) over 3b (Ki = 230 nM), moderate metabolic stability in human liver microsomes, and a hERG/DAT affinity ratio = 28. While 14a increased locomotor activity relative to vehicle, it was significantly lower than activity produced by cocaine. These results support further investigation of 14a as a potential treatment for psychostimulant use disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel D Slack
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Therese C Ku
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Jianjing Cao
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - JoLynn B Giancola
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Alessandro Bonifazi
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Claus J Loland
- Molecular Neuropharmacology and Genetics Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alexandra Gadiano
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 855 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Jenny Lam
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 855 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Rana Rais
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 855 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Barbara S Slusher
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 855 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Mark Coggiano
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Gianluigi Tanda
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Amy Hauck Newman
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
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40
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Bunse P, Schlepphorst C, Glorius F, Kitamura M, Wünsch B. Short and Atom-Economic Enantioselective Synthesis of the σ 1-Receptor Ligands ( S)- and ( R)-Fluspidine-Important Tools for Positron Emission Tomography Studies. J Org Chem 2019; 84:13744-13754. [PMID: 31523971 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b01882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Aryl bromides 2a and 2b bearing an alkynyl substituent in the o-position reacted with n-butyllithium and 1-benzylpiperidin-4-one in a one-pot Domino reaction to form ester 3 and aldehyde 5, respectively. Enantiomeric alcohols (R)-8 and (S)-8 were obtained by conjugate NaBH4 reduction of α,β-unsaturated ester 3 in the presence of chiral cocomplexes (R,R)-10 and (S,S)-10. Starting from orthoester 2a, the precursors (R)-8 and (S)-8 for the synthesis of fluspidine enantiomers (R)-1/[18F](R)-1 and (S)-1/[18F](S)-1 were obtained in only two reaction steps without additional steps for N-protection in an atom-economic manner in 95.6% ee and 97.2% ee, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Bunse
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie der Westfälischen Wilhelms-Universität Münster , Corrensstraße 48 , D-48149 Münster , Germany
| | - Christoph Schlepphorst
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut der Westfälischen Wilhelms-Universität Münster , Corrensstraße 40 , D-48149 Münster , Germany
| | - Frank Glorius
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut der Westfälischen Wilhelms-Universität Münster , Corrensstraße 40 , D-48149 Münster , Germany
| | - Masato Kitamura
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research Center for Materials Science , Nagoya University , Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601 , Japan
| | - Bernhard Wünsch
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie der Westfälischen Wilhelms-Universität Münster , Corrensstraße 48 , D-48149 Münster , Germany
- Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC 1003-CiM) , Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster , D-48149 Münster , Germany
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41
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Ryskamp DA, Zhemkov V, Bezprozvanny I. Mutational Analysis of Sigma-1 Receptor's Role in Synaptic Stability. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:1012. [PMID: 31607852 PMCID: PMC6761230 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.01012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Sigma-1 receptor (S1R) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) resident transmembrane protein. In our previous experiments, we demonstrated neuroprotective effects of pridopidine, an agonist of S1R, in cellular and animal models of Huntington’s disease (HD) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Consistent with previous observations, deletion of endogenous S1R with CRISPR/Cas9 in cultured hippocampal neurons resulted in fewer mushroom-shaped dendritic spines. Overexpression of human S1R restored mushroom spine density to control levels. In contrast, overexpression of S1R with the Δ31–50 deletion (linked to distal hereditary motor neuropathy) or the E102Q mutation (linked to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis) destabilized mushroom spines. Recently a crystal structure of S1R was determined in lipidic cubic phase. In the present study, we took an advantage of this structural information and performed docking studies with pridopidine and the S1R structural model. We generated a series of S1R point mutations based on residues predicted to be involved in direct association with pridopidine. We discovered that all ligand binding-site mutants were able to compensate for loss of endogenous S1R. However, most of these mutants were not able to support pridopidine-induced rescue of mushroom spines in presenilin-1-mutant cultures. Our mutational analysis was in agreement with in silico docking based on the published S1R crystal structure, with an exception of R119 residue. Our data also suggest that basal S1R activity is required for mature spine stability, whereas agonist-mediated S1R activity is required for stabilization of mushroom spines in the context of disease-causing mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Ryskamp
- Department of Physiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Vladimir Zhemkov
- Department of Physiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Ilya Bezprozvanny
- Department of Physiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States.,Laboratory of Molecular Neurodegeneration, Peter the Great Saint Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
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42
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Schmidt HR, Kruse AC. The Molecular Function of σ Receptors: Past, Present, and Future. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2019; 40:636-654. [PMID: 31387763 PMCID: PMC6748033 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2019.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The σ1 and σ2 receptors are enigmatic proteins that have attracted attention for decades due to the chemical diversity and therapeutic potential of their ligands. However, despite ongoing clinical trials with σ receptor ligands for multiple conditions, relatively little is known regarding the molecular function of these receptors. In this review, we revisit past research on σ receptors and discuss the interpretation of these data in light of recent developments. We provide a synthesis of emerging structural and genetic data on the σ1 receptor and discuss the recent cloning of the σ2 receptor. Finally, we discuss the major questions that remain in the study of σ receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayden R Schmidt
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Andrew C Kruse
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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43
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Thum S, Schepmann D, Ayet E, Pujol M, Nieto FR, Ametamey SM, Wünsch B. Tetrahydro-3-benzazepines with fluorinated side chains as NMDA and σ 1 receptor antagonists: Synthesis, receptor affinity, selectivity and antiallodynic activity. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 177:47-62. [PMID: 31129453 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The class of tetrahydro-1H-3-benzazepines was systematically modified in 1-, 3- and 7-position. In particular, a F-atom was introduced in β- or γ-position of the 4-phenylbutyl side chain in 3-position. Ligands with the F-atom in γ-position possess higher GluN2B affinity than analogs bearing the F-atom in β-position. This effect was attributed to the reduced basicity of β-fluoro amines. 3-Benzazepines with a benzylic OH moiety show moderate GluN2B affinity, but considerable selectivity over the σ2 receptor. However, removal of the benzylic OH moiety led to increased GluN2B affinity, but reduced GluN2B/σ2 selectivity. With respect to GluN2B affinity the phenol 17b with a γ-fluorophenylbutyl moiety in 3-position represents the most interesting fluorinated ligand (Ki(GluN2B) = 16 nM). Most of the synthesized ligands reveal either similar GluN2B and σ1 affinity or higher σ1 affinity than GluN2B affinity. The methyl ether 16b shows high σ1 affinity (Ki(σ1) = 6.6 nM) and high selectivity over a broad panel of receptors and transporters. The high antiallodynic activity in the mouse capsaicin assay proved the σ1 antagonistic activity of 16b.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Thum
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie der Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Dirk Schepmann
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie der Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Eva Ayet
- Esteve Pharmaceuticals S.A, Baldiri Reixach 4-8, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Pujol
- Esteve Pharmaceuticals S.A, Baldiri Reixach 4-8, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco R Nieto
- Department of Pharmacology and Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Avenida de la Investigación 11, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Simon M Ametamey
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bernhard Wünsch
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie der Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany; Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC 1003-CiM), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Germany.
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44
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Ryskamp DA, Korban S, Zhemkov V, Kraskovskaya N, Bezprozvanny I. Neuronal Sigma-1 Receptors: Signaling Functions and Protective Roles in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:862. [PMID: 31551669 PMCID: PMC6736580 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sigma-1 receptor (S1R) is a multi-functional, ligand-operated protein situated in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membranes and changes in its function and/or expression have been associated with various neurological disorders including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/frontotemporal dementia, Alzheimer's (AD) and Huntington's diseases (HD). S1R agonists are broadly neuroprotective and this is achieved through a diversity of S1R-mediated signaling functions that are generally pro-survival and anti-apoptotic; yet, relatively little is known regarding the exact mechanisms of receptor functioning at the molecular level. This review summarizes therapeutically relevant mechanisms by which S1R modulates neurophysiology and implements neuroprotective functions in neurodegenerative diseases. These mechanisms are diverse due to the fact that S1R can bind to and modulate a large range of client proteins, including many ion channels in both ER and plasma membranes. We summarize the effect of S1R on its interaction partners and consider some of the cell type- and disease-specific aspects of these actions. Besides direct protein interactions in the endoplasmic reticulum, S1R is likely to function at the cellular/interorganellar level by altering the activity of several plasmalemmal ion channels through control of trafficking, which may help to reduce excitotoxicity. Moreover, S1R is situated in lipid rafts where it binds cholesterol and regulates lipid and protein trafficking and calcium flux at the mitochondrial-associated membrane (MAM) domain. This may have important implications for MAM stability and function in neurodegenerative diseases as well as cellular bioenergetics. We also summarize the structural and biochemical features of S1R proposed to underlie its activity. In conclusion, S1R is incredibly versatile in its ability to foster neuronal homeostasis in the context of several neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A. Ryskamp
- Department of Physiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Svetlana Korban
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurodegeneration, Peter the Great St. Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Vladimir Zhemkov
- Department of Physiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Nina Kraskovskaya
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurodegeneration, Peter the Great St. Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ilya Bezprozvanny
- Department of Physiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX, United States
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurodegeneration, Peter the Great St. Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
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45
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Quadir SG, Cottone P, Sabino V. Role of Sigma Receptors in Alcohol Addiction. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:687. [PMID: 31258483 PMCID: PMC6586921 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmacological treatments for alcohol use disorder (AUD) are few in number and often ineffective, despite the significant research carried out so far to better comprehend the neurochemical underpinnings of the disease. Hence, research has been directed towards the discovery of novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of AUD. In the last decade, the sigma receptor system has been proposed as a potential mediator of alcohol reward and reinforcement. Preclinical studies have shown that the motivational effects of alcohol and excessive ethanol consumption involve the recruitment of the sigma receptor system. Furthermore, sigma receptor antagonism has been shown to be sufficient to inhibit many behaviors related to AUDs. This paper will review the most current evidence in support of this receptor system as a potential target for the development of pharmacological agents for the treatment of alcohol addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sema G Quadir
- Laboratory of Addictive Disorders, Departments of Pharmacology and Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Pietro Cottone
- Laboratory of Addictive Disorders, Departments of Pharmacology and Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Valentina Sabino
- Laboratory of Addictive Disorders, Departments of Pharmacology and Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
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46
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Voronin MV, Kadnikov IA, Seredenin SB. Afobazole Restores the Dopamine Level in a 6-Hydroxydopamine Model of Parkinson’s Disease. NEUROCHEM J+ 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s1819712419010185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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47
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Kronenberg E, Weber F, Brune S, Schepmann D, Almansa C, Friedland K, Laurini E, Pricl S, Wünsch B. Synthesis and Structure-Affinity Relationships of Spirocyclic Benzopyrans with Exocyclic Amino Moiety. J Med Chem 2019; 62:4204-4217. [PMID: 30939014 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
σ1 and/or σ2 receptors play a crucial role in pathological conditions such as pain, neurodegenerative disorders, and cancer. A set of spirocyclic cyclohexanes with diverse O-heterocycles and amino moieties (general structure III) was prepared and pharmacologically evaluated. In structure-activity relationships studies, the σ1 receptor affinity and σ1:σ2 selectivity were correlated with the stereochemistry, the kind and substitution pattern of the O-heterocycle, and the substituents at the exocyclic amino moiety. cis-configured 2-benzopyran cis-11b bearing a methoxy group and a tertiary cyclohexylmethylamino moiety showed the highest σ1 affinity ( Ki = 1.9 nM) of this series of compounds. In a Ca2+ influx assay, cis-11b behaved as a σ1 antagonist. cis-11b reveals high selectivity over σ2 and opioid receptors. The interactions of the novel σ1 ligands were analyzed on the molecular level using the recently reported X-ray crystal structure of the σ1 receptor protein. The protonated amino moiety forms a persistent salt bridge with E172. The spiro[benzopyran-1,1'-cyclohexane] scaffold and the cyclohexylmethyl moiety occupy two hydrophobic pockets. Exchange of the N-cyclohexylmethyl moiety by a benzyl group led unexpectedly to potent and selective μ-opioid receptor ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Kronenberg
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie der Universität Münster , Corrensstraße 48 , D-48149 Münster , Germany
| | - Frauke Weber
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie der Universität Münster , Corrensstraße 48 , D-48149 Münster , Germany
| | - Stefanie Brune
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie der Universität Münster , Corrensstraße 48 , D-48149 Münster , Germany
| | - Dirk Schepmann
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie der Universität Münster , Corrensstraße 48 , D-48149 Münster , Germany
| | - Carmen Almansa
- Esteve Pharmaceuticals S.A. , Baldiri Reixach 4-8 , 08028 Barcelona , Spain
| | - Kristina Friedland
- Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Institut für Pharmazie und Biochemie , Universität Mainz , Staudinger Weg 5 , D-55128 Mainz , Germany
| | - Erik Laurini
- Molecular Biology and Nanotechnology Laboratory (MolBNL@UniTS), DEA , University of Trieste , 34127 Trieste , Italy
| | - Sabrina Pricl
- Molecular Biology and Nanotechnology Laboratory (MolBNL@UniTS), DEA , University of Trieste , 34127 Trieste , Italy
| | - Bernhard Wünsch
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie der Universität Münster , Corrensstraße 48 , D-48149 Münster , Germany
- Cells-in-motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC 1003-CiM) , University of Münster , D-48149 Münster , Germany
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48
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Lebowitz JJ, Pino JA, Mackie PM, Lin M, Hurst C, Divita K, Collins AT, Koutzoumis DN, Torres GE, Khoshbouei H. Clustered Kv2.1 decreases dopamine transporter activity and internalization. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:6957-6971. [PMID: 30824538 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.007441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The dopamine transporter (DAT) regulates dopamine neurotransmission via reuptake of dopamine released into the extracellular space. Interactions with partner proteins alter DAT function and thereby dynamically shape dopaminergic tone important for normal brain function. However, the extent and nature of these interactions are incompletely understood. Here, we describe a novel physical and functional interaction between DAT and the voltage-gated K+ channel Kv2.1 (potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily B member 1 or KCNB1). To examine the functional consequences of this interaction, we employed a combination of immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence live-cell microscopy, co-immunoprecipitation, and electrophysiological approaches. Consistent with previous reports, we found Kv2.1 is trafficked to membrane-bound clusters observed both in vivo and in vitro in rodent dopamine neurons. Our data provide evidence that clustered Kv2.1 channels decrease DAT's lateral mobility and inhibit its internalization, while also decreasing canonical transporter activity by altering DAT's conformational equilibrium. These results suggest that Kv2.1 clusters exert a spatially discrete homeostatic braking mechanism on DAT by inducing a relative increase in inward-facing transporters. Given recent reports of Kv2.1 dysregulation in neurological disorders, it is possible that alterations in the functional interaction between DAT and Kv2.1 affect dopamine neuron activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph J Lebowitz
- From the Departments of Neuroscience and.,T32 in Movement Disorders and Neurorestoration, Fixel Center for Neurological Diseases, UF Health, Gainesville, Florida 32610
| | - Jose A Pino
- Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610 and
| | | | - Min Lin
- From the Departments of Neuroscience and
| | | | | | | | - Dimitri N Koutzoumis
- Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610 and
| | - Gonzalo E Torres
- Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610 and
| | - Habibeh Khoshbouei
- From the Departments of Neuroscience and .,T32 in Movement Disorders and Neurorestoration, Fixel Center for Neurological Diseases, UF Health, Gainesville, Florida 32610
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49
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Schmidt HR, Betz RM, Dror RO, Kruse AC. Structural basis for σ 1 receptor ligand recognition. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2018; 25:981-987. [PMID: 30291362 PMCID: PMC6261271 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-018-0137-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The σ1 receptor is a poorly understood membrane protein expressed throughout the human body. Ligands targeting the σ1 receptor are in clinical trials for treatment of Alzheimer's disease, ischemic stroke, and neuropathic pain. However, relatively little is known regarding the σ1 receptor's molecular function. Here, we present crystal structures of human σ1 receptor bound to the antagonists haloperidol and NE-100, and the agonist (+)-pentazocine, at crystallographic resolutions of 3.1 Å, 2.9 Å, and 3.1 Å, respectively. These structures reveal a unique binding pose for the agonist. The structures and accompanying molecular dynamics (MD) simulations identify agonist-induced structural rearrangements in the receptor. Additionally, we show that ligand binding to σ1 is a multistep process that is rate limited by receptor conformational change. We used MD simulations to reconstruct a ligand binding pathway involving two major conformational changes. These data provide a framework for understanding the molecular basis for σ1 agonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayden R Schmidt
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Robin M Betz
- Biophysics Program, Departments of Computer Science, Structural Biology, and Molecular and Cellular Physiology, and Institute for Computational and Mathematical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ron O Dror
- Biophysics Program, Departments of Computer Science, Structural Biology, and Molecular and Cellular Physiology, and Institute for Computational and Mathematical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Andrew C Kruse
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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50
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Lam VM, Mielnik CA, Baimel C, Beerepoot P, Espinoza S, Sukhanov I, Horsfall W, Gainetdinov RR, Borgland SL, Ramsey AJ, Salahpour A. Behavioral Effects of a Potential Novel TAAR1 Antagonist. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:953. [PMID: 30233365 PMCID: PMC6131539 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The trace amine associated receptor 1 (TAAR1) is a G-protein coupled receptor expressed in the monoaminergic regions of the brain, and represents a potential novel therapeutic target for the treatment of neurological disorders. While selective agonists for TAAR1 have been successfully identified, only one high affinity TAAR1 antagonist has been described thus far. We previously identified four potential low potency TAAR1 antagonists through an in silico screen on a TAAR1 homology model. One of the identified antagonists (compound 22) was predicted to have favorable physicochemical properties, which would allow the drug to cross the blood brain barrier. In vivo studies were therefore carried out and showed that compound 22 potentiates amphetamine- and cocaine-mediated locomotor activity. Furthermore, electrophysiology experiments demonstrated that compound 22 increased firing of dopamine neurons similar to EPPTB, the only known TAAR1 antagonist. In order to assess whether the effects of compound 22 were mediated through TAAR1, experiments were carried out on TAAR1-KO mice. The results showed that compound 22 is able to enhance amphetamine- and cocaine-mediated locomotor activity, even in TAAR1-KO mice, suggesting that the in vivo effects of this compound are not mediated by TAAR1. In collaboration with Psychoactive Drug Screening Program, we attempted to determine the targets for compound 22. Psychoactive Drug Screening Program (PDSP) results suggested several potential targets for compound 22 including, the dopamine, norepinephrine and serotonin transporters; as well as sigma 1 and 2 receptors. Our follow-up studies using heterologous cell systems showed that the dopamine transporter is not a target of compound 22. Therefore, the biological target of compound 22 mediating its psychoactive effects still remains unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent M Lam
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Catharine A Mielnik
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Corey Baimel
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Pieter Beerepoot
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Boston Children's Hospital, F.M. Kirby Center for Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Stefano Espinoza
- Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy
| | - Ilya Sukhanov
- Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy.,Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, Valdman Institute of Pharmacology, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Wendy Horsfall
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Raul R Gainetdinov
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Stephanie L Borgland
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Amy J Ramsey
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ali Salahpour
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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