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Truong TPT, Tran TM, Dai TXT, Tran CL. Antihyperglycemic and anti-type 2 diabetic activity of marine hydroquinone isolated from brown algae (Dictyopteris polypodioides). J Tradit Complement Med 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2023.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
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Jiang J, Wang H, Liu K, He S, Li Z, Yuan Y, Yu K, Long P, Wang J, Diao T, Zhang X, He M, Guo H, Wu T. Association of Complement C3 With Incident Type 2 Diabetes and the Mediating Role of BMI: A 10-Year Follow-Up Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2023; 108:736-744. [PMID: 36205019 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgac586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Impairment of immune and inflammatory homeostasis is reported to be one of the causal factors of diabetes. However, the association of complement C3 levels with incident diabetes in humans remains unclear. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to examine the association between C3 levels and incident type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and further explore the potential mediating role of body mass index (BMI) in C3-T2DM associations. METHODS We determined serum C3 levels of 2662 nondiabetic middle-aged and elderly (64.62 ± 7.25 years) individuals from the Dongfeng-Tongji cohort at baseline. Cox regression was employed to examine the incidence of T2DM in relationship to C3 levels during 10 years of follow-up. Mediation analysis was further applied to assess potential effect of BMI on the C3-T2DM associations. RESULTS Overall, 711 (26.7%) participants developed T2DM during 23 067 person-years of follow-up. Higher serum C3 was significantly associated with higher risk of incident T2DM after full adjustment (HR [95% CI] = 1.16 [1.05, 1.27]; per SD higher). Compared with the first quartile of C3 levels, the HR in the fourth quartile was 1.52 (95% CI = [1.14, 2.02]; Ptrend = 0.029). Robust significant linear dose-response relationship was observed between C3 levels and BMI (Poverall < 0.001, Pnonlinear = 0.96). Mediation analyses indicated that BMI might mediate 41.0% of the associations between C3 and T2DM. CONCLUSION The present prospective study revealed that C3 could be an early biomarker for incident T2DM, and that BMI might play a potential mediating role in the C3-T2DM associations, which provided clues for the pathogenesis of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Jiang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Kang Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Shiqi He
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Zhaoyang Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yu Yuan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Kuai Yu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Pinpin Long
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Tingyue Diao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xiaomin Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Meian He
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Huan Guo
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Tangchun Wu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
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Anti-diabetic and anti-hyperlipidemic effects of sea cucumber (Cucumaria frondosa) gonad hydrolysates in type II diabetic rats. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2022.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Araujo N, Sledziona J, Noothi SK, Burikhanov R, Hebbar N, Ganguly S, Shrestha-Bhattarai T, Zhu B, Katz WS, Zhang Y, Taylor BS, Liu J, Chen L, Weiss HL, He D, Wang C, Morris AJ, Cassis LA, Nikolova-Karakashian M, Nagareddy PR, Melander O, Evers BM, Kern PA, Rangnekar VM. Tumor Suppressor Par-4 Regulates Complement Factor C3 and Obesity. Front Oncol 2022; 12:860446. [PMID: 35425699 PMCID: PMC9004617 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.860446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate apoptosis response-4 (Par-4) is a tumor suppressor that induces apoptosis in cancer cells. However, the physiological function of Par-4 remains unknown. Here we show that conventional Par-4 knockout (Par-4-/-) mice and adipocyte-specific Par-4 knockout (AKO) mice, but not hepatocyte-specific Par-4 knockout mice, are obese with standard chow diet. Par-4-/- and AKO mice exhibit increased absorption and storage of fat in adipocytes. Mechanistically, Par-4 loss is associated with mdm2 downregulation and activation of p53. We identified complement factor c3 as a p53-regulated gene linked to fat storage in adipocytes. Par-4 re-expression in adipocytes or c3 deletion reversed the obese mouse phenotype. Moreover, obese human subjects showed lower expression of Par-4 relative to lean subjects, and in longitudinal studies, low baseline Par-4 levels denoted an increased risk of developing obesity later in life. These findings indicate that Par-4 suppresses p53 and its target c3 to regulate obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalia Araujo
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - James Sledziona
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Sunil K. Noothi
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Ravshan Burikhanov
- Department of Radiation Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Nikhil Hebbar
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Saptadwipa Ganguly
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Tripti Shrestha-Bhattarai
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Beibei Zhu
- Division of Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
- Barnstable Brown Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Wendy S. Katz
- Barnstable Brown Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Computer Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Barry S. Taylor
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jinze Liu
- Department of Computer Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Li Chen
- Division of Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Heidi L. Weiss
- Division of Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Daheng He
- Department of Statistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Chi Wang
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Andrew J. Morris
- Division of Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Lisa A. Cassis
- Barnstable Brown Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Mariana Nikolova-Karakashian
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | | | - Olle Melander
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Internal Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - B. Mark Evers
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
- Department of Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Philip A. Kern
- Division of Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
- Barnstable Brown Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Vivek M. Rangnekar
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
- Department of Radiation Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
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Jeong SY, Kim E, Zhang M, Lee YS, Ji B, Lee SH, Cheong YE, Yun SI, Kim YS, Kim KH, Kim MS, Chun HS, Kim S. Antidiabetic Effect of Noodles Containing Fermented Lettuce Extracts. Metabolites 2021; 11:520. [PMID: 34436461 PMCID: PMC8401091 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11080520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the current study was to examine the antidiabetic effect of noodle containing fermented lettuce extract (FLE) on diabetic mice as a pre-clinical study. The γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) content, antioxidant capacity, and total polyphenol content of the FLE noodles were analyzed and compared with those of standard noodles. In addition, oral glucose and sucrose tolerance, and fasting blood glucose tests were performed using a high-fat diet/streptozotocin-mediated diabetic mouse model. Serum metabolite profiling of mice feed standard or FLE noodles was performed using gas chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOF-MS) to understand the mechanism changes induced by the FLE noodles. The GABA content, total polyphenols, and antioxidant activity were high in FLE noodles compared with those in the standard noodles. In vivo experiments also showed that mice fed FLE noodles had lower blood glucose levels and insulin resistance than those fed standard noodles. Moreover, glycolysis, purine metabolism, and amino acid metabolism were altered by FLE as determined by GC-TOF-MS-based metabolomics. These results demonstrate that FLE noodles possess significant antidiabetic activity, suggesting the applicability of fermented lettuce extract as a potential food additive for diabetic food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soon Yeon Jeong
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea; (S.Y.J.); (E.K.); (S.-I.Y.); (Y.-S.K.)
| | - Eunjin Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea; (S.Y.J.); (E.K.); (S.-I.Y.); (Y.-S.K.)
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Environment Science & Biotechnology, Jeonju University, Jeonju 55069, Korea;
| | - Yun-Seong Lee
- HumanEnos LLC, Wanju 55347, Korea; (Y.-S.L.); (B.J.)
| | - Byeongjun Ji
- HumanEnos LLC, Wanju 55347, Korea; (Y.-S.L.); (B.J.)
| | - Sun-Hee Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea; (S.-H.L.); (Y.E.C.); (K.H.K.)
| | - Yu Eun Cheong
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea; (S.-H.L.); (Y.E.C.); (K.H.K.)
| | - Soon-Il Yun
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea; (S.Y.J.); (E.K.); (S.-I.Y.); (Y.-S.K.)
| | - Young-Soo Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea; (S.Y.J.); (E.K.); (S.-I.Y.); (Y.-S.K.)
| | - Kyoung Heon Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea; (S.-H.L.); (Y.E.C.); (K.H.K.)
| | - Min Sun Kim
- Center for Nitric Oxide Metabolite, Department of Physiology, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Korea;
| | - Hyun Soo Chun
- HumanEnos LLC, Wanju 55347, Korea; (Y.-S.L.); (B.J.)
| | - Sooah Kim
- Department of Environment Science & Biotechnology, Jeonju University, Jeonju 55069, Korea;
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Anti-diabetic effects of sea cucumber (Holothuria nobilis) hydrolysates in streptozotocin and high-fat-diet induced diabetic rats via activating the PI3K/Akt pathway. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.104224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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7
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Al-Kuraishy HM, Al-Gareeb AI. Acylation-stimulating protein is a surrogate biomarker for acute myocardial infarction: Role of statins. J Lab Physicians 2020; 9:163-169. [PMID: 28706385 PMCID: PMC5496293 DOI: 10.4103/0974-2727.208263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Acylation-stimulating protein (ASP) is an adipokine synthesized within adipocytes environment due to adipocyte differentiation. AIM: The aim of this study was to assess changes in ASP levels in patients with acute myocardial infarction (MI) and to correlate these variations with disease variables. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A total number of 111 patients previously and currently treated with rosuvastatin or atorvastatin presented with acute MI in a Coronary Care Unit, were divided into three groups, Group A: Thirty-nine patients treated with atorvastatin, Group B: Thirty patients treated with rosuvastatin, compared to 42 patients presented with MI not previously treated with statins were enrolled in this study. ASP and troponin-I levels and lipid profile were estimated in each group. RESULTS: The effects of atorvastatin and rosuvastatin compared to nonstatins-treated group on the anthropometric and biochemical variables in patients with acute MI showed significant difference in all biochemical and anthropometric parameters P < 0.05. Serum ASP (nmol/l) levels were higher in control patients 57.25 ± 9.15 compared to atorvastatin-treated patients 48.43 ± 7.42 and rosuvastatin-treated patients 49.33 ± 6.52 P = 0.0124. CONCLUSION: ASP levels are elevated in patients with acute MI and regarded as surrogate biomarker for acute MI also; therapy with statins leads to significant reduction in ASP levels compared to nonstatins-treated patients that presented with acute MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayder M Al-Kuraishy
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Almustansiriya University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Ali I Al-Gareeb
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Almustansiriya University, Baghdad, Iraq
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Shim K, Begum R, Yang C, Wang H. Complement activation in obesity, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. World J Diabetes 2020; 11:1-12. [PMID: 31938469 PMCID: PMC6927818 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v11.i1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Amplified inflammatory reaction has been observed to be involved in cardiometabolic diseases such as obesity, insulin resistance, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and atherosclerosis. The complement system was originally viewed as a supportive first line of defense against microbial invaders, and research over the past decade has come to appreciate that the functions of the complement system extend beyond the defense and elimination of microbes, involving in such diverse processes as clearance of the immune complexes, complementing T and B cell immune functions, tissue regeneration, and metabolism. The focus of this review is to summarize the role of the activation of complement system and the initiation and progression of metabolic disorders including obesity, insulin resistance and diabetes mellitus. In addition, we briefly describe the interaction of the activation of the complement system with diabetic complications such as diabetic retinopathy, nephropathy and neuropathy, highlighting that targeting complement system therapeutics could be one of possible routes to slow down those aforementioned diabetic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyumin Shim
- Department of Basic Science, California Northstate University College of Medicine, Elk Grove, CA 95757, United States
| | - Rayhana Begum
- Department of Pharmacy, Primeasia University, Dhaka 1213, Bangladesh
| | - Catherine Yang
- Department of Basic Science, California Northstate University College of Medicine, Elk Grove, CA 95757, United States
- California Northstate University College of Graduate Studies, Elk Grove, CA 95757, United States
| | - Hongbin Wang
- Department of Basic Science, California Northstate University College of Medicine, Elk Grove, CA 95757, United States
- California Northstate University College of Graduate Studies, Elk Grove, CA 95757, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, California Northstate University College of Pharmacy, Elk Grove, CA 95757, United States
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Karkhaneh M, Qorbani M, Ataie-Jafari A, Mohajeri-Tehrani MR, Asayesh H, Hosseini S. Association of thyroid hormones with resting energy expenditure and complement C3 in normal weight high body fat women. Thyroid Res 2019; 12:9. [PMID: 31666810 PMCID: PMC6813955 DOI: 10.1186/s13044-019-0070-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A high body fat percentage has a specific effect on activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis. On the other hand, a slight change in thyroid hormones can affect metabolism and body composition as well as immune function. This study aims to examine the relationship between adiposity, thyroid hormone levels and immunity by comparing resting energy expenditure (REE), serum thyroid hormone levels and complement C3 in normal-weight high body fat (normal weight obesity) women and normal-weight normal body fat women. METHODS In this case-control study, 40 women with normal body weight (BMI < 24.9 kg/m2) and body fat mass (FM) ≥ 30% (normal-weight obesity (NWO) group), and 30 non-obese women (BMI < 24.9 kg/m2) and FM < 30% (non-normal weight obesity (non-NWO) group) were recruited from a sport club in Tehran. Body composition was analyzed using bioimpedance analyzer. Blood samples were collected and analyzed for fasting serum concentration of thyroid hormones (including total T3 and total T4), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and serum complement C3. REE was measured by an indirect calorimetry. RESULTS Serum T3 and T4 and also complement C3 were higher in the NWO group than in the non-NWO group. Body fat percentages had significant positive correlation with T3 (r; 0.344, P < 0.05), T4 (r; 0.294, P < 0.05), and complement C3 (r; 0.417, P < 0.05). Serum T3 and T4 were also positively correlated with C3 concentration (r; 0.417, p < 0.001) and (r; 0.349, p < 0.05); respectively, but there was no significant correlation between TSH and C3. REE was not significantly different between the two groups. REE only had a significant positive correlation with fat-free mass (r; 0.421, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION An increase in body fat even in the presence of a normal body weight can be accompanied by the changes in thyroid function and inflammatory markers such as complement C3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Karkhaneh
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Qorbani
- Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Asal Ataie-Jafari
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohamad Reza Mohajeri-Tehrani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Asayesh
- Department of Medical Emergencies, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Saeed Hosseini
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Hojatdost street, Naderi street, Keshavarz Blv, Tehran, Iran
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Saleh J, Al-Maqbali M, Abdel-Hadi D. Role of Complement and Complement-Related Adipokines in Regulation of Energy Metabolism and Fat Storage. Compr Physiol 2019; 9:1411-1429. [PMID: 31688967 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c170037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Adipose tissue releases many cytokines and inflammatory factors described as adipokines. In obesity, adipokines released from expanding adipose tissue are implicated in disease progression and metabolic dysfunction. However, mechanisms controlling the progression of adiposity and metabolic complications are not fully understood. It has been suggested that expanding fat mass and sustained release of inflammatory adipokines in adipose tissue lead to hypoxia, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and cellular damage. These changes trigger an immune response involving infiltration of adipose tissue with immune cells, complement activation and generation of factors involved in opsonization and clearance of damaged cells. Abundant evidence now indicates that adipose tissue is an active secretory source of complement and complement-related adipokines that, in addition to their inflammatory role, contribute to the regulation of metabolic function. This article highlights advances in knowledge regarding the role of these adipokines in energy regulation of adipose tissue through modulating lipogenic and lipolytic pathways. Several adipokines will be discussed including adipsin, Factor H, properdin, C3a, Acylation-Stimulating Protein, C1q/TNF-related proteins, and response gene to complement-32 (RGC-32). Interactions between these factors will be described considering their immune-metabolic roles in the adipose tissue microenvironment and their potential contribution to progression of adiposity and metabolic dysfunction. The differential expression and the role of complement factors in gender-related fat partitioning will also be addressed. Identifying lipogenic adipokines and their specific autocrine/paracrine roles may provide means for adipose-tissue-targeted therapeutic interventions that may disrupt the vicious circle of adiposity and disease progression. © 2019 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 9:1411-1429, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jumana Saleh
- Biochemistry Department, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Muna Al-Maqbali
- Biochemistry Department, College of Medicine, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
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11
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Adipose Tissue-Derived Signatures for Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes: Adipokines, Batokines and MicroRNAs. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8060854. [PMID: 31208019 PMCID: PMC6617388 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8060854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
: Obesity is one of the main risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). It is closely related to metabolic disturbances in the adipose tissue that primarily functions as a fat reservoir. For this reason, adipose tissue is considered as the primary site for initiation and aggravation of obesity and T2DM. As a key endocrine organ, the adipose tissue communicates with other organs, such as the brain, liver, muscle, and pancreas, for the maintenance of energy homeostasis. Two different types of adipose tissues-the white adipose tissue (WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT)-secrete bioactive peptides and proteins, known as "adipokines" and "batokines," respectively. Some of them have beneficial anti-inflammatory effects, while others have harmful inflammatory effects. Recently, "exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs)" were identified as novel adipokines, as adipose tissue-derived exosomal miRNAs can affect other organs. In the present review, we discuss the role of adipose-derived secretory factors-adipokines, batokines, and exosomal miRNA-in obesity and T2DM. It will provide new insights into the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in disturbances of adipose-derived factors and will support the development of adipose-derived factors as potential therapeutic targets for obesity and T2DM.
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12
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Xin Y, Hertle E, van der Kallen CJH, Schalkwijk CG, Stehouwer CDA, van Greevenbroek MMJ. Complement C3 and C4, but not their regulators or activated products, are associated with incident metabolic syndrome: the CODAM study. Endocrine 2018; 62:617-627. [PMID: 30132263 PMCID: PMC6244913 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-018-1712-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We investigated the associations of components of the alternative (C3, C3a, Bb, factor D [FD], factor H [FH], properdin) and the classical complement pathway (C4, C1q, C1-inhibitor [C1-INH]) with prevalent and incident metabolic syndrome in a cohort with a moderately increased risk of cardiometabolic disease. METHODS The study cohort was comprised of 574 participants (61% men, age 59.6 ± 7.0 years) at baseline and 489 participants after 7-year follow-up. Multiple logistic regression analyses were done to investigate the associations of concentrations of baseline plasma complement (standardized values) with prevalent and incident (in those without metabolic syndrome at baseline, n = 189) metabolic syndrome. RESULTS C3 (odds ratio (OR) = 1.48 [95% confidence interval: 1.02; 2.14]) and C4 (OR = 1.95 [1.32; 2.88]), but none of the other complement components were associated with incident metabolic syndrome (n = 40 cases). Notably, in the cross-sectional analyses, we did observe higher levels of C3a (OR = 1.25 [1.03; 1.52]), FH (OR = 2.93 [2.24; 3.83]), and properdin (OR = 1.88 [1.50; 2.34]), in addition to C3 (OR = 3.60 [2.73; 4.75]) and C4 (OR = 1.39 [1.13; 1.69]), in those with the metabolic syndrome compared to those without, while no association was observed for FD, Bb, C1q, or C1-INH. CONCLUSIONS In the cross-sectional analyses, the effects sizes (standardized regression coefficients) for C3 and C4 were similar to those of (some of) the regulators and activators, yet only C3 and C4 were associated with incident disease. These findings suggest a role for C3 and C4, but not their regulators or activated products, in the development of the metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre and CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth Hertle
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre and CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Carla J H van der Kallen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre and CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Casper G Schalkwijk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre and CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Coen D A Stehouwer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre and CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Marleen M J van Greevenbroek
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre and CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saverio Cinti
- Professor of Human Anatomy, Director, Center of Obesity, University of Ancona (Politecnica delle Marche), Ancona, Italy
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Malvi P, Chaube B, Singh SV, Mohammad N, Vijayakumar MV, Singh S, Chouhan S, Bhat MK. Elevated circulatory levels of leptin and resistin impair therapeutic efficacy of dacarbazine in melanoma under obese state. Cancer Metab 2018; 6:2. [PMID: 29568521 PMCID: PMC5859707 DOI: 10.1186/s40170-018-0176-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity is associated with increased risk, poor prognosis and outcome of therapy, in various cancers. Obesity-associated factors or adipokines, especially leptin and resistin, are purported to promote growth, survival, proliferation, and invasiveness of cancer cells. However, the mechanistic link between these adipokines and therapeutic response in malignancies is not clearly understood. Methods ob/ob and db/db mouse models were used in this study to evaluate the role of leptin and resistin towards the outcome of dacarbazine (DTIC) therapy in melanoma. Unique in vitro approaches were employed to complement in vivo findings by culturing melanoma cells in the serum collected from the experimental mice. Results Here, we have shown the role of important adipokines leptin and resistin in growth and the outcome of DTIC therapy in melanoma. Both leptin and resistin not only enhance proliferation of melanoma cells but also are involved in impairing the therapeutic efficacy of DTIC. Leptin and resistin treatment caused an increase in the protein levels of fatty acid synthase (FASN) and caveolin 1 (Cav-1) respectively, through their stabilization in A375 cells. Further, it was observed that leptin and resistin impaired the response of melanoma cells to DTIC via upregulation of heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) and P-glycoprotein (P-gp) respectively. Conclusion These findings unraveled the involvement of adipokines (leptin and resistin) in melanoma progression, and more importantly, in the outcome of DTIC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parmanand Malvi
- National Centre for Cell Science, Savitribai Phule Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune, 411 007 India
| | - Balkrishna Chaube
- National Centre for Cell Science, Savitribai Phule Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune, 411 007 India
| | - Shivendra Vikram Singh
- National Centre for Cell Science, Savitribai Phule Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune, 411 007 India
| | - Naoshad Mohammad
- National Centre for Cell Science, Savitribai Phule Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune, 411 007 India
| | | | - Snahlata Singh
- National Centre for Cell Science, Savitribai Phule Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune, 411 007 India
| | - Surbhi Chouhan
- National Centre for Cell Science, Savitribai Phule Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune, 411 007 India
| | - Manoj Kumar Bhat
- National Centre for Cell Science, Savitribai Phule Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune, 411 007 India
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Tang D, Liu L, Ajiakber D, Ye J, Xu J, Xin X, Aisa HA. Anti-diabetic Effect of Punica granatum Flower Polyphenols Extract in Type 2 Diabetic Rats: Activation of Akt/GSK-3β and Inhibition of IRE1α-XBP1 Pathways. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:586. [PMID: 30374328 PMCID: PMC6196233 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is the most common type of diabetes with more than hundreds of millions of patients worldwide. However, the medicines for treatment of T2DM are very limited. In China, Punica granatum L. flower (PGF) has been used as an anti-diabetic herb in the herbal medicine. The activity involves in improvement of insulin sensitivity. However, the underlying mechanism of action is elusive. The current study was designed to address this issue by investigating the effect of polyphenols extract of PGF in diabetic rats. A rat model was orally administrated with PGF polyphenols extract at doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg for 4 weeks. Insulin sensitivity was improved as indicated by oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), insulin tolerance test (ITT) and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). At the molecular level, insulin signaling activity was improved with an elevation in insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate (IRS-1), Akt and GSK-3β. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress signals including phosphorylation of inositol-requiring kinase1 (IRE1) and activation of X box binding protein (XBP-1) splicing were decreased by the PGF treatment. Expressions of IRE1α, XBPs, and CHOP were all decreased by PGF. Blood lipid profile, liver glycogen content and antioxidant status were improved by PGF in the rats. The observations suggest that PGF is able to lower glucose levels in T2DM rats by improving the insulin resistance. The mechanism is likely related to the activation of Akt-GSK3β signaling pathway and inhibition of ER stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Tang
- State Key Laboratory Basis of Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plants Resource Utilization, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - Liu Liu
- State Key Laboratory Basis of Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plants Resource Utilization, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dildar Ajiakber
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianping Ye
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisisana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Jianjun Xu
- State Key Laboratory Basis of Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plants Resource Utilization, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xuelei Xin
- State Key Laboratory Basis of Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plants Resource Utilization, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
- Xuelei Xin
| | - Haji Akber Aisa
- State Key Laboratory Basis of Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plants Resource Utilization, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
- *Correspondence: Haji Akber Aisa
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Karkhaneh M, Qorbani M, Mohajeri-Tehrani MR, Hoseini S. Association of serum complement C3 with metabolic syndrome components in normal weight obese women. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2017; 16:49. [PMID: 29299442 PMCID: PMC5745599 DOI: 10.1186/s40200-017-0330-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased serum complement C3 has been related to body fat mass, metabolic syndrome and chronic diseases. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the levels of C3 in the subjects of normal weight obese (hereafter NWO) as well as their possible relationships with metabolic syndrome and inflammation. METHODS In this case-control study, 40 obese women with normal weight (body mass index (BMI) = 18.5-24.9 kg/m2) and body fat percentage above 30% (fat mass (FM) > 30%) and 30 non-obese women (BMI = 18.5-24.9 kg/m2) and fat percentage less than 25% (FM < 25%) were selected as the study sample. Body composition was analyzed using Bio Impedance analyzer. Blood samples were then collected and analyzed for fasting serum concentration of lipid components of metabolic syndrome, insulin, serum complement C3 and High sensitivity C reactive protein (hsCRP). RESULTS Mean waist and hip circumferences in NWO was higher than non-NWO (74.78 ± 4.81 versus 70.76 ± 2.91 and 99.12 ± 4.32 versus 93.16 ± 2/91, respectively, P-value < 0.001). However, the mean waist-to-hip ratio did not differ significantly (p = 0.448). The mean fasting serum concentration of complement C3, hsCRP and insulin was higher in NWO compared to that in non-NWO (P-value < 0.05). Moreover, insulin sensitivity in NWO was lower than that in non-NWO (0.357 versus 0.374, p-value = 0.043). Moreover, a significant correlation was found between body fat percentage and fasting serum complement C3 and insulin concentration (r = 0.417 and r = 0.254, p-value < 0.005, respectively). CONCLUSION Obese women with normal body mass index but high body fat percentage have higher serum C3 and are at a higher risk for metabolic dysregulation and metabolic syndrome than the healthy non-obese subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Karkhaneh
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Qorbani
- Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohamad Reza Mohajeri-Tehrani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Hoseini
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Hojatdost street, Naderi street, Keshavarz Blv., Tehran, Iran
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Longitudinal associations of the alternative and terminal pathways of complement activation with adiposity: The CODAM study. Obes Res Clin Pract 2017; 12:286-292. [PMID: 29174517 DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2017.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate longitudinal associations of components of the alternative (C3, C3a, Bb, factor D [FD], factor H [FH], and properdin) and the terminal complement pathway (C5a, sC5b-9) with adiposity. METHODS A prospective human cohort study (n=574 at baseline, n=489 after 7 years follow-up) was analyzed. Generalized estimating equations were used to evaluate the longitudinal associations between complement components (standardized values) and adiposity (main outcome BMI [kg/m2]). Multiple linear regression models were used to investigate the associations between change in complement levels and change in BMI. Analyses were adjusted for age, sex, medication and lifestyle. RESULTS Over the 7-year period, baseline C3 was positively associated with BMI (β=1.72 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.35; 2.09]). Positive associations were also observed for C3a (β=0.64 [0.31; 0.97]), FD (β=1.00 [0.59; 1.42]), FH (β=1.17 [0.82; 1.53]), and properdin (β=0.60 [0.28; 0.92]), but not for Bb, C5a or sC5b-9. Moreover, changes in C3 (β=0.52 [0.34; 0.71]) and FH (β=0.51 [0.32; 0.70]) were significantly associated with changes in BMI. CONCLUSIONS The complement system, particularly activation of the alternative pathway, may be involved in development of adiposity. Whether individual aspects of alternative pathway activation have a causal role in human obesity, remains to be investigated.
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Moreno-Navarrete JM, Fernández-Real JM. The complement system is dysfunctional in metabolic disease: Evidences in plasma and adipose tissue from obese and insulin resistant subjects. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2017; 85:164-172. [PMID: 29107169 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The relationship among chronic low-grade inflammation, insulin resistance and other obesity-associated metabolic disturbances is increasingly recognized. The possible mechanisms that trigger these immunologic alterations remain to be fully understood. The complement system is a crucial element of immune defense system, being important in the activation of innate and adaptative immune response, promoting the clearance of apoptotic and damaged endogenous cells and participating in processes of tissue development, degeneration, and regeneration. Circulating components of the complement system appear to be dysregulated in obesity-associated metabolic disturbances. The activation of the complement system is also evident in adipose tissue from obese subjects, in association with subclinical inflammation and alterations in glucose metabolism. The possible contribution of some components of the complement system in the development of insulin resistance and obesity-associated metabolic disturbances, and the possible role of complement system in adipose tissue physiology is reviewed here. The modulation of the complement system could constitute a potential target in the pathophysiology and therapy of obesity and associated metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- José María Moreno-Navarrete
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IdIBGi), CIBEROBN (CB06/03/010) and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Girona, Spain.
| | - José Manuel Fernández-Real
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IdIBGi), CIBEROBN (CB06/03/010) and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Girona, Spain.
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Wu J, Jiao ZY, Li RZ, Lu HL, Zhang HH, Cianflone K. Cholinergic activation suppresses palmitate-induced macrophage activation and improves acylation stimulating protein resistance in co-cultured adipocytes. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2017; 242:961-973. [PMID: 28440734 DOI: 10.1177/1535370217700522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Acylation-stimulating protein (ASP), produced through activation of the alternative complement immune system, modulates lipid metabolism. Using a trans-well co-culture cell model, the mitigating role of α7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR)-mediated cholinergic pathway on ASP resistance was evaluated. ASP signaling in adipocytes via its receptor C5L2 and signaling intermediates Gαq, Gβ, phosphorylated protein kinase C-α, and protein kinase C-ζ were markedly suppressed in the presence of TNFα or medium from palmitate-treated RAW264.7 macrophages, indicating ASP resistance. There was no direct effect of α7nAChR activation in 3T3-L1 cell culture. However, α7nAChR activation almost completely reversed the ASP resistance in adipocytes co-cultured with palmitate-treated RAW264.7 macrophages. Further, α7nAChR activation could suppress the production of pro-inflammatory molecules TNFα and interleukin-6 produced from palmitate-treated co-cultured macrophages. These results suggest that macrophages play a significant role in the pathogenesis of ASP resistance and α7nAChR activation secondarily improves adipose ASP resistance through suppression of inflammation in macrophages. Impact statement 1. Adipocyte-macrophage interaction in acylation-stimulating protein (ASP) resistance 2. Lipotoxicity induced inflammatory response in ASP resistance 3. A vicious circle between lipotoxicity and inflammatory response in ASP resistance 4. Cholinergic modulation of inflammatory response in adipocyte and macrophage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wu
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Zhou-Yang Jiao
- 2 Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Rui-Zhen Li
- 3 Department of Endocrinology, Wuhan Children's Hospital, Wuhan Medical and Healthcare Center for Women and Children, Wuhan 430016, China
| | - Hui-Ling Lu
- 4 Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Hao-Hao Zhang
- 5 Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Katherine Cianflone
- 6 Centre de Recherche Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie and Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Ville de Québec, QC G1V 4G5, Canada
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20
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Song NJ, Kim S, Jang BH, Chang SH, Yun UJ, Park KM, Waki H, Li DY, Tontonoz P, Park KW. Small Molecule-Induced Complement Factor D (Adipsin) Promotes Lipid Accumulation and Adipocyte Differentiation. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162228. [PMID: 27611793 PMCID: PMC5017651 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipocytes are differentiated by various transcriptional cascades integrated on the master regulator, Pparγ. To discover new genes involved in adipocyte differentiation, preadipocytes were treated with three newly identified pro-adipogenic small molecules and GW7845 (a Pparγ agonist) for 24 hours and transcriptional profiling was analyzed. Four genes, Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (Pparγ), human complement factor D homolog (Cfd), Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 9 (Ccl9), and GIPC PDZ Domain Containing Family Member 2 (Gipc2) were induced by at least two different small molecules but not by GW7845. Cfd and Ccl9 expressions were specific to adipocytes and they were altered in obese mice. Small hairpin RNA (shRNA) mediated knockdown of Cfd in preadipocytes inhibited lipid accumulation and expression of adipocyte markers during adipocyte differentiation. Overexpression of Cfd promoted adipocyte differentiation, increased C3a production, and led to induction of C3a receptor (C3aR) target gene expression. Similarly, treatments with C3a or C3aR agonist (C4494) also promoted adipogenesis. C3aR knockdown suppressed adipogenesis and impaired the pro-adipogenic effects of Cfd, further suggesting the necessity for C3aR signaling in Cfd-mediated pro-adipogenic axis. Together, these data show the action of Cfd in adipogenesis and underscore the application of small molecules to identify genes in adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- No-Joon Song
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Suji Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Byung-Hyun Jang
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Seo-Hyuk Chang
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Ui Jeong Yun
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Ki-Moon Park
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Hironori Waki
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113–8655, Japan
| | - Dean Y. Li
- Department of Medicine, Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, 15 North 2030 East, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, United States of America
| | - Peter Tontonoz
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, United States of America
| | - Kye Won Park
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
- * E-mail:
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Tian YF, Chang WC, Loh CH, Hsieh PS. Leptin-mediated inflammatory signaling crucially links visceral fat inflammation to obesity-associated β-cell dysfunction. Life Sci 2014; 116:51-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2014.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Revised: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Gupta A, Rezvani R, Lapointe M, Poursharifi P, Marceau P, Tiwari S, Tchernof A, Cianflone K. Downregulation of complement C3 and C3aR expression in subcutaneous adipose tissue in obese women. PLoS One 2014; 9:e95478. [PMID: 24743347 PMCID: PMC3990631 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0095478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The central component of the complement system, C3, is associated with obesity, metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease however the underlying reasons are unknown. In the present study we evaluated gene expression of C3, the cleavage product C3a/C3adesArg and its cognate receptor C3aR in subcutaneous and omental adipose tissue in women. METHODS Women (n = 140, 21-69 years, BMI 19.5-79 kg/m2) were evaluated for anthropometric and blood parameters, and adipose tissue gene expression. RESULTS Subjects were separated into groups (n = 34-36) according to obesity: normal/overweight (≤30 kg/m2), obese I (≤45 kg/m2), obese II (≤51 kg/m2), and obese III (≤80 kg/m2). Overall, while omental expression remained unchanged, subcutaneous C3 and C3aR gene expression decreased with increasing adiposity (2-way ANOVA, p<0.01), with a concomitant decrease in SC/OM ratio (p<0.001). In subcutaneous adipose, both C3 and C3aR expression correlated with apoB, and apoA1 and inversely with waist circumference and blood pressure, while C3aR also correlated with glucose (p<0.05-0.0001). While omental C3aR expression did not correlate with any factor, omental C3 correlated with waist circumference, glucose and apoB (all p<0.05). Further, while plasma C3a/C3adesArg increased and adiponectin decreased with increasing BMI, both correlated (C3a negatively and adiponectin positively) with subcutaneous C3 and C3aR expression (p<0.05-0.001) or less). CONCLUSIONS The obesity-induced down-regulation of complement C3 and C3aR which is specific to subcutaneous adipose tissue, coupled to the strong correlations with multiple anthropometric, plasma and adipokine variables support a potential role for complement in immunometabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Gupta
- Centre de Recherche Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie & Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Department of Physiology, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Reza Rezvani
- Centre de Recherche Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie & Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Marc Lapointe
- Centre de Recherche Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie & Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Pegah Poursharifi
- Centre de Recherche Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie & Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Picard Marceau
- Centre de Recherche Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie & Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Sunita Tiwari
- Department of Physiology, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Andre Tchernof
- Centre de Recherche Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie & Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Katherine Cianflone
- Centre de Recherche Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie & Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Gao X, Liu X, Xu J, Xue C, Xue Y, Wang Y. Dietary trimethylamine N-oxide exacerbates impaired glucose tolerance in mice fed a high fat diet. J Biosci Bioeng 2014; 118:476-81. [PMID: 24721123 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2014.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2013] [Revised: 01/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) is an oxidation product of trimethylamine (TMA) and is present in many aquatic foods. Here, we investigated the effects of TMAO on glucose tolerance in high fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. Male C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned to the control, high fat (HF), and TMAO groups. The HF group was fed a diet containing 25% fat, and the TMAO group was fed the HFD plus 0.2% TMAO for 4 weeks. After 3 weeks of feeding, oral glucose tolerance tests were performed. Dietary TMAO increased fasting insulin levels and homeostasis model assessment-estimated insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and exacerbated the impaired glucose tolerance in HFD-fed mice. These effects were associated with the expression of genes related to the insulin signal pathway, glycogen synthesis, gluconeogenesis and glucose transport in liver. mRNA levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokine MCP-1 increased significantly and of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 greatly decreased in adipose tissue. Our results suggest that dietary TMAO exacerbates impaired glucose tolerance, obstructs the hepatic insulin signaling pathway, and causes adipose tissue inflammation in mice fed a high fat diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Gao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5, Yu Shan Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, China
| | - Xiaofang Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5, Yu Shan Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, China
| | - Jie Xu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5, Yu Shan Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, China
| | - Changhu Xue
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5, Yu Shan Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, China
| | - Yong Xue
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5, Yu Shan Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, China
| | - Yuming Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5, Yu Shan Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, China.
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Richardson VR, Smith KA, Carter AM. Adipose tissue inflammation: Feeding the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Immunobiology 2013; 218:1497-504. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2013.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2013] [Accepted: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Klos A, Wende E, Wareham KJ, Monk PN. International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. [corrected]. LXXXVII. Complement peptide C5a, C4a, and C3a receptors. Pharmacol Rev 2013; 65:500-43. [PMID: 23383423 DOI: 10.1124/pr.111.005223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The activation of the complement cascade, a cornerstone of the innate immune response, produces a number of small (74-77 amino acid) fragments, originally termed anaphylatoxins, that are potent chemoattractants and secretagogues that act on a wide variety of cell types. These fragments, C5a, C4a, and C3a, participate at all levels of the immune response and are also involved in other processes such as neural development and organ regeneration. Their primary function, however, is in inflammation, so they are important targets for the development of antiinflammatory therapies. Only three receptors for complement peptides have been found, but there are no satisfactory antagonists as yet, despite intensive investigation. In humans, there is a single receptor for C3a (C3a receptor), no known receptor for C4a, and two receptors for C5a (C5a₁ receptor and C5a₂ receptor). The most recently characterized receptor, the C5a₂ receptor (previously known as C5L2 or GPR77), has been regarded as a passive binding protein, but signaling activities are now ascribed to it, so we propose that it be formally identified as a receptor and be given a name to reflect this. Here, we describe the complex biology of the complement peptides, introduce a new suggested nomenclature, and review our current knowledge of receptor pharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Klos
- Department for Medical Microbiology, Medical School Hannover, Hannover, Germany
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Abstract
The alarming prevalence of obesity has led to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms controlling energy homeostasis. Regulation of energy intake and expenditure is more complex than previously thought, being influenced by signals from many peripheral tissues. In this sense, a wide variety of peripheral signals derived from different organs contributes to the regulation of body weight and energy expenditure. Besides the well-known role of insulin and adipokines, such as leptin and adiponectin, in the regulation of energy homeostasis, signals from other tissues not previously thought to play a role in body weight regulation have emerged in recent years. The role of fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-I), and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) produced by the liver in the regulation of body weight and insulin sensitivity has been recently described. Moreover, molecules expressed by skeletal muscle such as myostatin have also been involved in adipose tissue regulation. Better known is the involvement of ghrelin, cholecystokinin, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and PYY(3-36), produced by the gut, in energy homeostasis. Even the kidney, through the production of renin, appears to regulate body weight, with mice lacking this hormone exhibiting resistance to diet-induced obesity. In addition, the skeleton has recently emerged as an endocrine organ, with effects on body weight control and glucose homeostasis through the actions of bone-derived factors such as osteocalcin and osteopontin. The comprehension of these signals will help in a better understanding of the aetiopathology of obesity, contributing to the potential development of new therapeutic targets aimed at tackling excess body fat accumulation.
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Martin LJ, Cianflone K, Zakarian R, Nagrani G, Almasy L, Rainwater DL, Cole S, Hixson JE, MacCluer JW, Blangero J, Comuzzie AG. Bivariate Linkage between Acylation-Stimulating Protein and BMI and High-Density Lipoproteins. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 12:669-78. [PMID: 15090635 DOI: 10.1038/oby.2004.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Given the importance of visceral adiposity in the metabolic syndrome, whether levels of adipokines have shared genetic effects (pleiotropy) with aspects of the metabolic syndrome should be addressed. Acylation-stimulating protein (ASP), an adipose-derived protein, influences lipid metabolism, obesity, and glucose use. Therefore, our objective was to examine the genetic regulation of ASP and associated pleiotropic effects. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES We assayed serum ASP levels in 435 Mexican Americans participating in the San Antonio Family Heart Study and performed univariate and bivariate variance components analysis. RESULTS Additive genetic heritability of ASP was 26% (p = 0.0004). Bivariate genetic analysis detected significant genetic correlations between ASP and several lipid measures but not between ASP and adiposity or diabetes measures. We detected two potential quantitative trait loci influencing ASP levels. The strongest signal was on chromosome 17 near marker D17S1303 [log of the odds ratio (LOD) = 2.7]. The signal on chromosome 15 reached its peak near marker D15S641 (LOD = 2.1). Both signals localize in regions reported to harbor quantitative trait loci influencing obesity and lipid phenotypes in this population. Bivariate linkage analysis yielded LODs of 4.7 for ASP and BMI on chromosome 17 and 3.2 for ASP and high-density lipoprotein2a on chromosome 15. DISCUSSION Given these findings, there seems to be a significant genetic contribution to variation in circulating levels of ASP and an interesting pattern of genetic correlation (i.e., pleiotropy) with other risk factors associated with the metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa J Martin
- Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research, San Antonio, Texas, USA.
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Fisette A, Munkonda MN, Oikonomopoulou K, Paglialunga S, Lambris JD, Cianflone K. C5L2 receptor disruption enhances the development of diet-induced insulin resistance in mice. Immunobiology 2012; 218:127-33. [PMID: 22622332 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2012.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2011] [Accepted: 04/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Acylation stimulating protein (ASP) is a hormone secreted by the adipose tissue that has been shown to increase triglyceride storage and glucose transport in adipocytes. These effects are mediated by C5L2 receptor, which has also been associated with inflammatory effects. C5L2 deficient mice on a low-fat diet are hyperphagic yet lean due to increased energy expenditure. The present study assessed insulin sensitivity and metabolic and inflammatory changes in C5L2KO mice vs WT in diet-induced obesity. METHODS We placed C5L2KO and WT mice on a diabetogenic diet for 12 weeks and examined in vivo and ex vivo metabolism. RESULTS C5L2KO mice on a diabetogenic diet exhibit decreased insulin sensitivity. Whole body substrate partitioning is evidenced through increased glucose uptake by the liver and decreased uptake by adipose tissue and skeletal muscle. Lipid content of both liver and skeletal muscle was higher in C5L2KO mice vs WT. Furthermore, elevated levels of macrophage markers were found in adipose tissue, liver and skeletal muscle of C5L2KO mice vs WT. Several inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, MIP-1α and KC were also elevated in plasma of C5L2KO mice vs WT. CONCLUSIONS Overall, we demonstrated that C5L2KO mice fed a diabetogenic diet develop more severe insulin resistance than WT mice through altered substrate partitioning, ectopic fat deposition and a pro-inflammatory phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Fisette
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
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Haddouche M, Aribi M, Moulessehoul S, Smahi MCEI, Lammani M, Benyoucef M. Alteration of antioxidant defense status precedes humoral immune response abnormalities in macrosomia. Med Sci Monit 2012; 17:CR650-656. [PMID: 22037745 PMCID: PMC3539498 DOI: 10.12659/msm.882051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to investigate whether the anomalies affecting the antioxidant and humoral immune defenses could start at birth and to check whether the decrease in antioxidant defenses may precede the immune abnormalities in macrosomic newborns. Material/Methods Thirty macrosomic and 30 sex-matched control newborns were recruited for a retrospective case-control study at the Maghnia Maternity Hospital of Tlemcen Department (Algeria). Results The serum IgG levels were similar in both groups. However, plasma ORAC, albumin, vitamin E, SOD, CAT and GSH-Px levels were significantly decreased in macrosomic as compared to control newborns, yet no difference was observed after adjustment for weight. Additionally, serum concentrations of complement C3, MDA and XO were significantly higher in macrosomic as compared to controls before adjustment for weight. Moreover, macrosomia was significantly associated with high levels of complement C3 (OR=8, p=0.002); whereas no association with those of IgG was observed (OR<1, p>0.05). Furthermore, macrosomia was significantly associated with low levels of ORAC (OR=4.96, p=0.027), vitamin E (OR=4.5, p=0.018), SOD (OR=6.88, p=0.020) and CAT (OR=5.67, p=0.017), and with high levels of MDA (OR=10.29, p=0.005). Conclusions Abnormalities of the humoral defense system in excessive weight could be preceded by alterations of the anti-oxidative defense and by inflammatory response and activation of innate immunity at birth. Additionally, excessive weight could be a potential factor contributing to decreased anti-oxidative capacity and increased oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustapha Haddouche
- Laboratory of Applied Molecular Biology and Immunology, Tlemcen Abou-Bekr Belkaid University, Tlemcen, Algeria
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Roy C, Roy MC, Gauvreau D, Poulin AM, Tom FQ, Timofeeva E, Richard D, Cianflone K. Acute injection of ASP in the third ventricle inhibits food intake and locomotor activity in rats. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2011; 301:E232-41. [PMID: 21540449 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00476.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Acylation-stimulating protein (ASP; also known as C3adesArg) stimulates triglyceride synthesis and glucose transport via interaction with its receptor C5L2, which is expressed peripherally (adipose tissue, muscle) and centrally. Previous studies have shown that ASP-deficient mice (C3KO) and C5L2-deficient mice (C5L2KO) are hyperphagic (59 to 229% increase, P < 0.0001), which is counterbalanced by increased energy expenditure measured as oxygen consumption (Vo(2)) and a lower RQ. The aim of the present study was to evaluate ASP's effect on food intake, energy expenditure, and neuropeptide expression. Male rats were surgically implanted with intracerebroventricular (icv) cannulas directed toward the third ventricle. After a 5-h fast, rats were injected, and food intake was assessed at 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 16, 24, and 48 h, with a 5- to 7-day washout period between each injection. Acute icv injections of ASP (0.3-1,065 pmol) had a time-dependent effect on decreasing food intake by 20 to 57% (P < 0.05). Decreases were detected by 30 min (maximum 57%, P < 0.01) and at the highest dose effects extended to 48 h (19%, P < 0.05, 24- to 48-h period). Daily body weight gain was decreased by 131% over the first 24 h and 29% over the second 24 h (P < 0.05). A conditioned taste aversion test indicated that there was no malaise. Furthermore, acute ASP injection affected energy substrate usage, demonstrated by decreased Vo(2) and RQ (P < 0.05; implicating greater fatty acid usage), with a 49% decrease in total activity over 24 h (P < 0.05). ASP administration also increased anorexic neuropeptide POMC expression (44%) in the arcuate nucleus, with no change in NPY. Altogether ASP may have central in addition to peripheral effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Roy
- Centre de Recherche Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et Pneumologie de Québec, Sainte-Foy, Quebec, Canada
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WU J, JIAO ZY, LU HL, Zhang J, Lin HH, Cianflone K. The molecular mechanism of acylation stimulating protein regulation of adipophilin and perilipin expression: Involvement of phosphoinositide 3-kinase and phospholipase C. J Cell Biochem 2011; 112:1622-9. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.23076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Xenoulis PG, Levinski MD, Suchodolski JS, Steiner JM. Association of hypertriglyceridemia with insulin resistance in healthy Miniature Schnauzers. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2011; 238:1011-6. [DOI: 10.2460/javma.238.8.1011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Gao Y, Gauvreau D, Cui W, Lapointe M, Paglialunga S, Cianflone K. Evaluation of chylomicron effect on ASP production in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2011; 43:154-9. [PMID: 21266544 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmq124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past few years, there has been increasing interest in the production and physiological role of acylation-stimulating protein (ASP), identical to C3adesArg, a product of the alternative complement pathway generated through C3 cleavage. Recent studies in C3 (-/-) mice that are ASP deficient have demonstrated a role for ASP in postprandial triglyceride clearance and fat storage. The aim of the present study was to establish a cell model and sensitive ELISA assay for the evaluation of ASP production using 3T3-L1 adipocytes. 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were differentiated into adipocytes, then cultured in different media such as serum-free (SF), Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM)/F12 + 10% fetal calf serum (FBS), and at varying concentrations of chylomicrons and insulin + chylomicrons up to 48 h. ASP production in SF and DMEM/F12 + 10% FBS was compared. Chylomicrons stimulated ASP production in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. By contrast, chylomicron treatment had no effect on the production of C3, the precursor protein of ASP, which was constant over 48 h. Addition of insulin (100 nM) to a low-dose of chylomicrons (100 µg TG/ml) significantly increased ASP production compared with chylomicrons alone at 48 h (P < 0.001). Furthermore, addition of insulin significantly increased C3 secretion at both 18 and 48 h of incubation (P < 0.05, P < 0.001, respectively). Overall, the proportion of ASP to C3 remained constant, indicating no change in the ratio of C3 cleaved to generate ASP. This study demonstrated that 3T3-L1 adipocyte is a useful model for the evaluation of C3 secretion and ASP production by using a sensitive mouse-specific ELISA assay. The stimulation of ASP production with chylomicrons demonstrates a physiologically relevant response, and provides a strategy for further studies on ASP production and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Gao
- CRIUCPQ Research Centre, Laval University, Quebec, Canada.
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Fisette A, Cianflone K. The ASP and C5L2 pathway: another bridge between inflammation and metabolic homeostasis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.2217/clp.10.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Mulvihill EE, Allister EM, Sutherland BG, Telford DE, Sawyez CG, Edwards JY, Markle JM, Hegele RA, Huff MW. Naringenin prevents dyslipidemia, apolipoprotein B overproduction, and hyperinsulinemia in LDL receptor-null mice with diet-induced insulin resistance. Diabetes 2009; 58:2198-210. [PMID: 19592617 PMCID: PMC2750228 DOI: 10.2337/db09-0634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The global epidemic of metabolic syndrome and its complications demands rapid evaluation of new and accessible interventions. Insulin resistance is the central biochemical disturbance in the metabolic syndrome. The citrus-derived flavonoid, naringenin, has lipid-lowering properties and inhibits VLDL secretion from cultured hepatocytes in a manner resembling insulin. We evaluated whether naringenin regulates lipoprotein production and insulin sensitivity in the context of insulin resistance in vivo. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS LDL receptor-null (Ldlr(-/-)) mice fed a high-fat (Western) diet (42% calories from fat and 0.05% cholesterol) become dyslipidemic, insulin and glucose intolerant, and obese. Four groups of mice (standard diet, Western, and Western plus 1% or 3% wt/wt naringenin) were fed ad libitum for 4 weeks. VLDL production and parameters of insulin and glucose tolerance were determined. RESULTS We report that naringenin treatment of Ldlr(-/-) mice fed a Western diet corrected VLDL overproduction, ameliorated hepatic steatosis, and attenuated dyslipidemia without affecting caloric intake or fat absorption. Naringenin 1) increased hepatic fatty acid oxidation through a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gamma coactivator 1alpha/PPARalpha-mediated transcription program; 2) prevented sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c-mediated lipogenesis in both liver and muscle by reducing fasting hyperinsulinemia; 3) decreased hepatic cholesterol and cholesterol ester synthesis; 4) reduced both VLDL-derived and endogenously synthesized fatty acids, preventing muscle triglyceride accumulation; and 5) improved overall insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance. CONCLUSIONS Thus, naringenin, through its correction of many of the metabolic disturbances linked to insulin resistance, represents a promising therapeutic approach for metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin E. Mulvihill
- Department of Vascular Biology, Robarts Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Emma M. Allister
- Department of Vascular Biology, Robarts Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brian G. Sutherland
- Department of Vascular Biology, Robarts Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dawn E. Telford
- Department of Vascular Biology, Robarts Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cynthia G. Sawyez
- Department of Vascular Biology, Robarts Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jane Y. Edwards
- Department of Vascular Biology, Robarts Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Janet M. Markle
- Department of Vascular Biology, Robarts Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robert A. Hegele
- Department of Vascular Biology, Robarts Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- Blackburn Cardiovascular Genetics Laboratory, Robarts Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Murray W. Huff
- Department of Vascular Biology, Robarts Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- Corresponding author: Murray W. Huff,
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Mamane Y, Chung Chan C, Lavallee G, Morin N, Xu LJ, Huang J, Gordon R, Thomas W, Lamb J, Schadt EE, Kennedy BP, Mancini JA. The C3a anaphylatoxin receptor is a key mediator of insulin resistance and functions by modulating adipose tissue macrophage infiltration and activation. Diabetes 2009; 58:2006-17. [PMID: 19581423 PMCID: PMC2731537 DOI: 10.2337/db09-0323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Significant new data suggest that metabolic disorders such as diabetes, obesity, and atherosclerosis all posses an important inflammatory component. Infiltrating macrophages contribute to both tissue-specific and systemic inflammation, which promotes insulin resistance. The complement cascade is involved in the inflammatory cascade initiated by the innate and adaptive immune response. A mouse genomic F2 cross biology was performed and identified several causal genes linked to type 2 diabetes, including the complement pathway. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We therefore sought to investigate the effect of a C3a receptor (C3aR) deletion on insulin resistance, obesity, and macrophage function utilizing both the normal-diet (ND) and a diet-induced obesity mouse model. RESULTS We demonstrate that high C3aR expression is found in white adipose tissue and increases upon high-fat diet (HFD) feeding. Both adipocytes and macrophages within the white adipose tissue express significant amounts of C3aR. C3aR(-/-) mice on HFD are transiently resistant to diet-induced obesity during an 8-week period. Metabolic profiling suggests that they are also protected from HFD-induced insulin resistance and liver steatosis. C3aR(-/-) mice had improved insulin sensitivity on both ND and HFD as seen by an insulin tolerance test and an oral glucose tolerance test. Adipose tissue analysis revealed a striking decrease in macrophage infiltration with a concomitant reduction in both tissue and plasma proinflammatory cytokine production. Furthermore, C3aR(-/-) macrophages polarized to the M1 phenotype showed a considerable decrease in proinflammatory mediators. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our results suggest that the C3aR in macrophages, and potentially adipocytes, plays an important role in adipose tissue homeostasis and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaël Mamane
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Merck Frosst Centre for Therapeutic Research, Kirkland, Quebec, Canada
- Corresponding author: Yael Mamane, , or Joseph A. Mancini,
| | - Chi Chung Chan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Merck Frosst Centre for Therapeutic Research, Kirkland, Quebec, Canada
| | - Genevieve Lavallee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Merck Frosst Centre for Therapeutic Research, Kirkland, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nicolas Morin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Merck Frosst Centre for Therapeutic Research, Kirkland, Quebec, Canada
| | - Li-Jing Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Merck Frosst Centre for Therapeutic Research, Kirkland, Quebec, Canada
| | - JingQi Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Merck Frosst Centre for Therapeutic Research, Kirkland, Quebec, Canada
| | - Robert Gordon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Merck Frosst Centre for Therapeutic Research, Kirkland, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - John Lamb
- Rosetta Inpharmatics, Merck, Seattle, Washington
| | | | - Brian P. Kennedy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Merck Frosst Centre for Therapeutic Research, Kirkland, Quebec, Canada
| | - Joseph A. Mancini
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Merck Frosst Centre for Therapeutic Research, Kirkland, Quebec, Canada
- Corresponding author: Yael Mamane, , or Joseph A. Mancini,
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He S, Atkinson C, Qiao F, Cianflone K, Chen X, Tomlinson S. A complement-dependent balance between hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury and liver regeneration in mice. J Clin Invest 2009; 119:2304-16. [PMID: 19620784 DOI: 10.1172/jci38289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2008] [Accepted: 05/27/2009] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Massive liver resection and small-for-size liver transplantation pose a therapeutic challenge, due to increased susceptibility of the remnant/graft to ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) and impaired regeneration. We investigated the dual role of complement in IRI versus regeneration in mice. Complement component 3 (C3) deficiency and complement inhibition with complement receptor 2-complement receptor 1-related protein y (CR2-Crry, an inhibitor of C3 activation) provided protection from hepatic IRI, and while C3 deficiency also impaired liver regeneration following partial hepatectomy (PHx), the effect of CR2-Crry in this context was dose dependent. In a combined model of IRI and PHx, either C3 deficiency or high-dose CR2-Crry resulted in steatosis, severe hepatic injury, and high mortality, whereas low-dose CR2-Crry was protective and actually increased hepatic proliferative responses relative to control mice. Reconstitution experiments revealed an important role for the C3a degradation product acylation-stimulating protein (ASP) in the balance between inflammation/injury versus regeneration. Furthermore, liver regeneration was dependent on the putative ASP receptor, C5L2. Several potential mechanisms of hepatoprotection and recovery were identified in mice treated with low-dose CR2-Crry, including enhanced IL-6 expression and STAT3 activation, reduced hepatic ATP depletion, and attenuated oxidative stress. These data indicate that a threshold of complement activation, involving ASP and C5L2, promotes liver regeneration and suggest a balance between complement-dependent injury and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songqing He
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Darby Children's Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425, USA
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Police SB, Thatcher SE, Charnigo R, Daugherty A, Cassis LA. Obesity promotes inflammation in periaortic adipose tissue and angiotensin II-induced abdominal aortic aneurysm formation. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2009; 29:1458-64. [PMID: 19608970 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.109.192658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Obesity promotes macrophage infiltration into adipose tissue and is associated with increases in several cardiovascular diseases. Infusion of angiotensin II (AngII) to mice induces formation of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) with profound medial and adventitial macrophage infiltration. We sought to determine whether obesity promotes macrophage infiltration and proinflammatory cytokines in periaortic adipose tissue surrounding abdominal aortas and increases AngII-induced AAAs. METHODS AND RESULTS Hypertrophied white adipocytes surrounded abdominal aortas, whereas brown adipocytes surrounded thoracic aortas of obese mice. mRNA abundance of macrophage proinflammatory chemokines and their receptors were elevated with obesity to a greater extent in abdominal compared to thoracic periaortic adipose tissue. Periaortic adipose tissue explants surrounding abdominal aortas of obese mice released greater concentrations of MCP-1 and promoted more macrophage migration than explants from thoracic aortas. Male C57BL/6 mice were fed a high-fat (HF) diet for 1, 2, or 4 months and then infused with AngII (1000 ng/kg/min) for 28 days. AAA incidence increased progressively with the duration of HF feeding (18%, 36%,and 60%, respectively). Similarly, AngII-infused ob/ob mice exhibited increased AAAs compared to lean controls (76% compared to 32%, respectively, P<0.05). Infusion of AngII to obese mice promoted further macrophage infiltration into periaortic and visceral adipose tissue, and obese mice exhibiting AAAs had greater macrophage content in visceral adipose tissue than mice not developing AAAs. CONCLUSIONS Increased macrophage accumulation in periaortic adipose tissue surrounding abdominal aortas of AngII-infused obese mice is associated with enhanced AAA formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara B Police
- Graduate Center for Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0200, USA
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Millward CA, Burrage LC, Shao H, Sinasac DS, Kawasoe JH, Hill-Baskin AE, Ernest SR, Gornicka A, Hsieh CW, Pisano S, Nadeau JH, Croniger CM. Genetic factors for resistance to diet-induced obesity and associated metabolic traits on mouse chromosome 17. Mamm Genome 2009; 20:71-82. [PMID: 19137372 PMCID: PMC3831881 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-008-9165-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2008] [Accepted: 12/02/2008] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with increased susceptibility to dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and hypertension, a combination of traits that comprise the traditional definition of the metabolic syndrome. Recent evidence suggests that obesity is also associated with the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Despite the high prevalence of obesity and its related conditions, their etiologies and pathophysiology remains unknown. Both genetic and environmental factors contribute to the development of obesity and NAFLD. Previous genetic analysis of high-fat, diet-induced obesity in C57BL/6J (B6) and A/J male mice using a panel of B6-Chr(A/J)/NaJ chromosome substitution strains (CSSs) demonstrated that 17 CSSs conferred resistance to high-fat, diet-induced obesity. One of these CSS strains, CSS-17, which is homosomic for A/J-derived chromosome 17, was analyzed further and found to be resistant to diet-induced steatosis. In the current study we generated seven congenic strains derived from CCS-17, fed them either a high-fat, simple-carbohydrate (HFSC) or low-fat, simple-carbohydrate (LFSC) diet for 16 weeks and then analyzed body weight and related traits. From this study we identified several quantitative trait loci (QTLs). On a HFSC diet, Obrq13 protects against diet-induced obesity, steatosis, and elevated fasting insulin and glucose levels. On the LFSC diet, Obrq13 confers lower hepatic triglycerides, suggesting that this QTL regulates liver triglycerides regardless of diet. Obrq15 protects against diet-induced obesity and steatosis on the HFSC diet, and Obrq14 confers increased final body weight and results in steatosis and insulin resistance on the HFSC diet. In addition, on the LFSC diet, Obrq 16 confers decreased hepatic triglycerides and Obrq17 confers lower plasma triglycerides on the LFSC diet. These congenic strains provide mouse models to identify genes and metabolic pathways that are involved in the development of NAFLD and aspects of diet-induced metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie A. Millward
- Department of Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Biomedical Research Building 925, 2109 Adelbert Road, Cleveland, OH 44106–4955, USA
| | - Lindsay C. Burrage
- Department of Genetics, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Haifeng Shao
- Department of Genetics, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - David S. Sinasac
- Department of Genetics, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Jean H. Kawasoe
- Department of Genetics, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Annie E. Hill-Baskin
- Department of Genetics, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Sheila R. Ernest
- Department of Genetics, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Aga Gornicka
- Department of Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Biomedical Research Building 925, 2109 Adelbert Road, Cleveland, OH 44106–4955, USA
| | - Chang-Wen Hsieh
- Department of Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Biomedical Research Building 925, 2109 Adelbert Road, Cleveland, OH 44106–4955, USA
| | - Sorana Pisano
- Department of Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Biomedical Research Building 925, 2109 Adelbert Road, Cleveland, OH 44106–4955, USA
| | - Joseph H. Nadeau
- Department of Genetics, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Colleen M. Croniger
- Department of Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Biomedical Research Building 925, 2109 Adelbert Road, Cleveland, OH 44106–4955, USA
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Carobbio S, Frigerio F, Rubi B, Vetterli L, Bloksgaard M, Gjinovci A, Pournourmohammadi S, Herrera PL, Reith W, Mandrup S, Maechler P. Deletion of glutamate dehydrogenase in beta-cells abolishes part of the insulin secretory response not required for glucose homeostasis. J Biol Chem 2008; 284:921-9. [PMID: 19015267 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m806295200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin exocytosis is regulated in pancreatic ss-cells by a cascade of intracellular signals translating glucose levels into corresponding secretory responses. The mitochondrial enzyme glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) is regarded as a major player in this process, although its abrogation has not been tested yet in animal models. Here, we generated transgenic mice, named betaGlud1(-/-), with ss-cell-specific GDH deletion. Our results show that GDH plays an essential role in the full development of the insulin secretory response. In situ pancreatic perfusion revealed that glucose-stimulated insulin secretion was reduced by 37% in betaGlud1(-/-). Furthermore, isolated islets with either constitutive or acute adenovirus-mediated knock-out of GDH showed a 49 and 38% reduction in glucose-induced insulin release, respectively. Adenovirus-mediated re-expression of GDH in betaGlud1(-/-) islets fully restored glucose-induced insulin release. Thus, GDH appears to account for about 40% of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and to lack redundant mechanisms. In betaGlud1(-/-) mice, the reduced secretory capacity resulted in lower plasma insulin levels in response to both feeding and glucose load, while body weight gain was preserved. The results demonstrate that GDH is essential for the full development of the secretory response in beta-cells. However, maximal secretory capacity is not required for maintenance of glucose homeostasis in normo-caloric conditions.
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Scribner KB, Pawlak DB, Aubin CM, Majzoub JA, Ludwig DS. Long-term effects of dietary glycemic index on adiposity, energy metabolism, and physical activity in mice. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2008; 295:E1126-31. [PMID: 18780772 PMCID: PMC2584816 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.90487.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A high-glycemic index (GI) diet has been shown to increase adiposity in rodents; however, the long-term metabolic effects of a low- and high-GI diet have not been examined. In this study, a total of 48 male 129SvPas mice were fed diets high in either rapidly absorbed carbohydrate (RAC; high GI) or slowly absorbed carbohydrate (SAC; low GI) for up to 40 wk. Diets were controlled for macronutrient and micronutrient content, differing only in starch type. Body composition and insulin sensitivity were measured longitudinally by DEXA scan and oral glucose tolerance test, respectively. Food intake, respiratory quotient, physical activity, and energy expenditure were assessed using metabolic cages. Despite having similar mean body weights, mice fed the RAC diet had 40% greater body fat by the end of the study and a mean 2.2-fold greater insulin resistance compared with mice fed the SAC diet. Respiratory quotient was higher in the RAC group, indicating comparatively less fat oxidation. Although no differences in energy expenditure were observed throughout the study, total physical activity was 45% higher for the SAC-fed mice after 38 wk of feeding. We conclude that, in this animal model, 1) the effect of GI on body composition is mediated by changes in substrate oxidation, not energy intake; 2) a high-GI diet causes insulin resistance; and 3) dietary composition can affect physical activity level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly B Scribner
- Department of Medicine, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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DeLeve LD, Wang X, Kanel GC, Atkinson RD, McCuskey RS. Prevention of hepatic fibrosis in a murine model of metabolic syndrome with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2008; 173:993-1001. [PMID: 18772330 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2008.070720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The endocannabinoid pathway plays an important role in the regulation of appetite and body weight, hepatic lipid metabolism, and fibrosis. Blockade of the endocannabinoid receptor CB1 with SR141716 promotes weight loss, reduces hepatocyte fatty acid synthesis, and is antifibrotic. D-4F, an apolipoprotein A-1 mimetic with antioxidant properties, is currently in clinical trials for the treatment of atherosclerosis. C57BL/6J mice were fed a high-fat diet for 7 months, followed by a 2.5-month treatment with either SR141716 or D-4F. SR141716 markedly improved body weight, liver weight, serum transaminases, insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, hypercholesterolemia, hyperleptinemia, and oxidative stress, accompanied by the significant prevention of fibrosis progression. D-4F improved hypercholesterolemia and hyperleptinemia without improvement in body weight, steatohepatitis, insulin resistance, or oxidative stress, and yet, there was significant prevention of fibrosis. D-4F prevented culture-induced activation of stellate cells in vitro. In summary, C57BL/6J mice given a high-fat diet developed features of metabolic syndrome with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and fibrosis. Both SR141716 and D-4F prevented progression of fibrosis after onset of steatohepatitis, ie, a situation comparable to a common clinical scenario, with D-4F seeming to have a more general antifibrotic effect. Either compound therefore has the potential to be of clinical benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurie D DeLeve
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases and the Research Center for Liver Diseases, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
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Intestinally derived lipids: Metabolic regulation and consequences—An overview. ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP 2008; 9:63-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosissup.2008.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2008] [Revised: 04/03/2008] [Accepted: 05/13/2008] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Saleh J, Al-Riyami HDS, Chaudhary TA, Cianflone K. Cord blood ASP is predicted by maternal lipids and correlates with fetal birth weight. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2008; 16:1193-8. [PMID: 18356838 DOI: 10.1038/oby.2008.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The acylation stimulating protein (ASP) is a potent lipogenic adipokine that correlates with postprandial triglyceride (TG) clearance and is linked to the pathophysiology of obesity and related disorders. OBJECTIVE To investigate ASP levels in cord blood and its relation to maternal and cord blood lipid parameters and fetal birth weight. METHODS AND PROCEDURES Thirty nondiabetic pregnant women, their newborns, and thirty-three nonpregnant controls were included in this study. Fasting maternal and cord blood ASP, TGs, nonesterified fatty acids (NEFAs), cholesterol, glucose levels, in addition to maternal BMI and fetal birth weight were measured. RESULTS No significant difference was found between cord blood ASP (16.3 +/- 0.96 nmol/l) and ASP levels in the adult controls (15.7 +/- 1.0 nmol/l). Cord blood ASP, however, was lower than maternal plasma ASP levels (25.4 +/- 1.6 nmol/l, P < 0.001). Yet, lipid levels in cord blood, particularly TGs were markedly decreased compared to control and maternal TG levels (threefold and 7.4-fold, P < 0.001 respectively). Maternal TGs significantly correlated with fetal birth weight (r = 0.54, P = 0.002). Multiple regression analysis showed that maternal TGs (beta = 0.57, P = 0.01) and NEFAs (beta = 0.43, P = 0.024) predicted 45% variation in cord blood ASP levels, independent of all measured maternal and cord blood parameters. Cord blood ASP showed a positive correlation with fetal birth weight (r = 0.524, P = 0.037) in neonates above average fetal birth weight of the studied population. DISCUSSION This is the first study investigating ASP in cord blood. We suggest that maternal hypertriglyceridemia is associated with increased fetal ASP production, thus enhancing fetal fat storage independent of maternal glucose variations in nondiabetic women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jumana Saleh
- Department of Biochemistry, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman.
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Roy C, Paglialunga S, Fisette A, Schrauwen P, Moonen-Kornips E, St-Onge J, Hesselink MK, Richard D, Joanisse DR, Cianflone K. Shift in metabolic fuel in acylation-stimulating protein-deficient mice following a high-fat diet. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2008; 294:E1051-9. [PMID: 18398012 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00689.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
ASP-deficient mice (C3 KO) have delayed postprandial TG clearance, are hyperphagic, and display increased energy expenditure. Markers of carbohydrate and fatty acid metabolism in the skeletal muscle and heart were examined to evaluate the mechanism. On a high-fat diet, compared with wild-type mice, C3 KO mice have increased energy expenditure, decreased RQ, lower ex vivo glucose oxidation (-39%, P = 0.018), and higher ex vivo fatty acid oxidation (+68%, P = 0.019). They have lower muscle glycogen content (-25%, P < 0.05) and lower activities for the glycolytic enzymes glycogen phosphorylase (-31%, P = 0.005), hexokinase (-43%, P = 0.007), phosphofructokinase (-51%, P < 0.0001), and GAPDH (-15%, P = 0.04). Analysis of mitochondrial enzyme activities revealed that hydroxyacyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase was higher (+25%, P = 0.004) in C3 KO mice. Furthermore, Western blot analysis of muscle revealed significantly higher fatty acid transporter CD36 (+40%, P = 0.006) and cytochrome c (a marker of mitochondrial content; +69%, P = 0.034) levels in C3 KO mice, whereas the activity of AMP kinase was lower (-48%, P = 0.003). Overall, these results demonstrate a shift in the metabolic potential of skeletal muscle toward increased fatty acid utilization. Whether this is 1) a consequence of decreased adipose tissue storage with repartitioning toward muscle or 2) a direct result of the absence of ASP interaction with the receptor C5L2 in muscle remains to be determined. However, these in vivo data suggest that ASP inhibition could be a potentially viable approach in correcting muscle metabolic dysfunction in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Roy
- Centre de Recherche Hôpital Laval, Y-2186, Chemin Ste-Foy, QC, Canada
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Abstract
BACKGROUND A variety of substances, including free fatty acids, leptin, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, acylation-stimulating protein, adiponectin, and resistin, are secreted by adipocytes. They modulate insulin sensitivity and are new therapeutic targets in metabolic syndrome. OBJECTIVE To identify novel adipokines derived from visceral adipose tissues. METHOD We used the PCR-based cDNA subtraction method to screen the genes predominantly expressed in visceral white adipose tissues (WATs) in Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima fatty (OLETF) rats, an animal model of abdominal obesity and type 2 diabetes. RESULTS/CONCLUSIONS We identified the vaspin gene (Serpina12) which is upregulated in visceral WATs of OLETF rats. Vaspin mRNA was barely detectable at 6 weeks of age and it was abundantly and exclusively expressed in visceral WATs at 30 weeks of age, when OLETF rats reach their peak body weight. However, vaspin mRNA decreased with worsening of diabetes and body weight loss. Vaspin mRNA increased with treatment of thiazolidinediones (pioglitazone). Administration of recombinant vaspin into high-fat high-sucrose chow-induced obese ICR mice improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. Vaspin may be the compensatory molecule in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome and vaspin recombinant protein or vaspin-mimicking agents such as vaspin analogs, antibodies or small molecule agents may be the link to drug discovery and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wada
- Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
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Paglialunga S, Fisette A, Yan Y, Deshaies Y, Brouillette JF, Pekna M, Cianflone K. Acylation-stimulating protein deficiency and altered adipose tissue in alternative complement pathway knockout mice. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2008; 294:E521-9. [PMID: 18160458 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00590.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Acylation-stimulating protein (C3adesArg/ASP) is an adipokine that acts on its receptor C5L2 to stimulate triglyceride (TG) synthesis in adipose tissue. The present study investigated ASP levels in mouse models of obesity and leanness and the effect of ASP deficiency in C3 knockout (C3KO) mice on adipose tissue morphology. Plasma ASP levels in wild-type (WT) mice correlated positively with plasma nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) (R = 0.664, P < 0.001) and total cholesterol (R = 0.515, P < 0.001). Plasma ASP was increased by 85% in obese ob/ob leptin-deficient mice and decreased in lean diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1) KO mice (-54%) and C/EBPalpha(beta/beta) transgenic mice (-70%) compared with WT. Mice lacking alternative complement factor B or adipsin (FBKO or ADKO), required for ASP production, were also ASP deficient. Both FBKO and C3KO mice had delayed postprandial TG and NEFA clearance on low-fat (LF) and high-fat (HF) diets, suggesting that lack of ASP, not C3, drives the metabolic phenotype. Adipocyte size distribution in C3KO mice was polarized (increased number of both small and large cells), with decreased adipsin expression (-33% gonadal HF), DGAT1 expression (-31% to -50%) and DGAT activity (-41%). Overall, a reduction/deficiency in ASP is associated with an antiadipogenic state and ASP may provide a target for controlling fat storage.
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Wen Y, Wang H, MacLaren R, Wu J, Lu H, Cianflone K. Palmitate and oleate induction of acylation stimulating protein resistance in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and preadipocytes. J Cell Biochem 2008; 104:391-401. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.21631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Bansode RR, Huang W, Roy SK, Mehta M, Mehta KD. Protein Kinase Cβ Deficiency Increases Fatty Acid Oxidation and Reduces Fat Storage. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:231-236. [DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m707268200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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Salome N, Tasiemski A, Dutriez I, Wigger A, Landgraf R, Viltart O. Immune challenge induces differential corticosterone and interleukin-6 responsiveness in rats bred for extremes in anxiety-related behavior. Neuroscience 2007; 151:1112-8. [PMID: 18207648 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2007.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2007] [Revised: 11/15/2007] [Accepted: 12/12/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Disturbances in mood such as anxiety and depression are often associated with altered hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis reactivity, but also with changes in cytokine production, such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), an essential immune factor produced by macrophages and lymphocytes during inflammatory processes. The reciprocal relationship between the HPA axis and the immune system is now well established. In order to understand better the endocrine reactivity of anxious individuals faced with an immune challenge, a model of innate anxiety-related behavior, HAB and LAB rats (HABs, high and LABs, low anxiety-related behavior) was used in this study. We sought to determine whether injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced a differential HPA axis reactivity and plasma IL-6 release in HABs and LABs. After LPS injection, the plasma adrenal corticotrophic hormone increase did not differ between HABs and LABs, whereas a larger increase in plasma corticosterone levels occurred in HABs than in LABs at 2 h after injection. Moreover, basal IL-6 levels were lower in HABs than in LABs, leading to a higher IL-6 2 h/basal ratio in HABs. In conclusion, we propose for the first time a link between the endocrine and immune systems of HABs and LABs and suggest that IL-6 could be a neuroendocrine correlate of trait anxiety in HABs.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Salome
- Département Neurosciences et Physiologie Adaptatives, Université de Lille I, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
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