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Vinh Hanh N, Thi Thanh Thuy L, Ngoc Hieu V, Hai H, Ikenaga H, Sato-Matsubara M, Uchida-Kobayashi S, Urushima H, Van Khanh N, Thi Ha N, Shinkawa H, Kubo S, Ohtani N, Enomoto M, Tamori A, Kawada N. Poorly Differentiated Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells Avoid Apoptosis by Interacting with T Cells via CD40-CD40 Ligand Linkage. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2024; 194:1230-1247. [PMID: 38548267 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2024.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is associated with increased soluble CD40 levels. This study aimed to investigate CD40's role in liver tumor progression. CD40 levels were examined in HCC patient tissues and various HCC cell lines, and their interaction with CD4+T cells was studied. RNA sequencing analysis was performed to explore the mechanisms of CD40 induction. Poorly differentiated HCC tumor tissues exhibited high membrane-bound CD40 expression, in contrast to nontumor areas. Poorly differentiated HCC cell lines showed high expression of membrane-bound CD40 with low CD40 promoter methylation, which was the opposite of that observed in the well-differentiated HCC cell lines. Solely modulating CD40 expression in HCC cells exerted no direct consequences on cell growth or appearance. Interestingly, the human hepatoma cell line HLF co-cultured with activated (CD40 ligand+) CD4+ T cells had increased CD40 levels and a modest 3.2% dead cells. The percentage of dead cells increased to 10.9% and underwent preneutralizing CD40 condition, whereas preblocking both CD40 and integrin α5β1 concomitantly caused only 1.9% cell death. RNA sequencing of co-cultured HLFs with activated CD4+ T cells revealed the up-regulation of interferon and immune-response pathways. Increased interferon-γ levels in the activated T-cell media stimulated the Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 pathway, resulting in increased CD40 expression in HLF. Collectively, CD40 expression in poorly differentiated HCC cells prevented cell death by interacting with CD40 ligand in activated T cells. Targeting CD40 may represent a promising anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngo Vinh Hanh
- Department of Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Le Thi Thanh Thuy
- Department of Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan; Department of Global Education and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Vu Ngoc Hieu
- Department of Microbiology, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Hoang Hai
- Department of Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroko Ikenaga
- Department of Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Misako Sato-Matsubara
- Department of Veterinary Science, Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Sawako Uchida-Kobayashi
- Department of Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hayato Urushima
- Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Nguyen Van Khanh
- Department of Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan; Department of Pathology, VinMec International Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Thi Ha
- Department of Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroji Shinkawa
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shoji Kubo
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Naoko Ohtani
- Department of Pathophysiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masaru Enomoto
- Department of Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akihiro Tamori
- Department of Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan; Department of Hepatology, Kashiwara Municipal Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Norifumi Kawada
- Department of Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan.
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2
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Wagner AH, Klersy A, Sultan CS, Hecker M. Potential role of soluble CD40 receptor in chronic inflammatory diseases. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 217:115858. [PMID: 37863325 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
The CD40 receptor and its ligand CD154 are widely expressed in various immune-competent cells. Interaction of CD154 with CD40 is essential for B-cell growth, differentiation, and immunoglobulin class switching. Many other immune-competent cells involved in innate and adaptive immunity communicate through this co-stimulatory ligand-receptor dyad. CD40-CD154 interaction is involved in the pathogenesis of numerous inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. While CD40 and CD154 are membrane-bound proteins, their soluble counterparts are generated by proteolytic cleavage or alternative splicing. This review summarises current knowledge about the impact of single nucleotide polymorphisms in the human CD40 gene and compensatory changes in the plasma level of the soluble CD40 receptor (sCD40) isoform in related pro-inflammatory diseases. It discusses regulation patterns of the disintegrin metalloprotease ADAM17 function leading to ectodomain shedding of transmembrane proteins, such as pro-inflammatory adhesion molecules or CD40. The role of sCD40 as a potential biomarker for chronic inflammatory diseases will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A H Wagner
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - A Klersy
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - C S Sultan
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - M Hecker
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
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3
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Abu El-Asrar AM, Nawaz MI, Ahmad A, Dillemans L, Siddiquei M, Allegaert E, Gikandi PW, De Hertogh G, Opdenakker G, Struyf S. CD40 Ligand-CD40 Interaction Is an Intermediary between Inflammation and Angiogenesis in Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15582. [PMID: 37958563 PMCID: PMC10648257 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
We aimed to investigate the role of the CD40-CD40 ligand (CD40L) pathway in inflammation-mediated angiogenesis in proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). We analyzed vitreous fluids and epiretinal fibrovascular membranes from PDR and nondiabetic patients, cultures of human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (HRMECs) and Müller glial cells and rat retinas with ELISA, immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry and Western blot analysis. Functional tests included measurement of blood-retinal barrier breakdown, in vitro angiogenesis and assessment of monocyte-HRMEC adherence. CD40L and CD40 levels were significantly increased in PDR vitreous samples. We demonstrated CD40L and CD40 expression in vascular endothelial cells, leukocytes and myofibroblasts in epiretinal membranes. Intravitreal administration of soluble (s)CD40L in normal rats significantly increased retinal vascular permeability and induced significant upregulation of phospho-ERK1/2, VEGF, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1). sCD40L induced upregulation of VEGF, MMP-9, MCP-1 and HMGB1 in cultured Müller cells and phospo-ERK1/2, p65 subunit of NF-ĸB, VCAM-1 and VEGF in cultured HRMECS. TNF-α induced significant upregulation of CD40 in HRMECs and Müller cells and VEGF induced significant upregulation of CD40 in HRMECs. sCD40L induced proliferation and migration of HRMECs. We provide experimental evidence supporting the involvement of the CD40L-CD40 pathway and how it regulates inflammatory angiogenesis in PDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M. Abu El-Asrar
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11411, Saudi Arabia; (M.I.N.); (A.A.); (M.S.); (P.W.G.); (G.O.)
- Dr. Nasser Al-Rashid Research Chair in Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11411, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd I. Nawaz
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11411, Saudi Arabia; (M.I.N.); (A.A.); (M.S.); (P.W.G.); (G.O.)
| | - Ajmal Ahmad
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11411, Saudi Arabia; (M.I.N.); (A.A.); (M.S.); (P.W.G.); (G.O.)
| | - Luna Dillemans
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (L.D.); (S.S.)
| | - Mairaj Siddiquei
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11411, Saudi Arabia; (M.I.N.); (A.A.); (M.S.); (P.W.G.); (G.O.)
| | - Eef Allegaert
- Laboratory of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry, University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (E.A.); (G.D.H.)
- University Hospitals UZ Gasthuisberg, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Priscilla W. Gikandi
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11411, Saudi Arabia; (M.I.N.); (A.A.); (M.S.); (P.W.G.); (G.O.)
| | - Gert De Hertogh
- Laboratory of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry, University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (E.A.); (G.D.H.)
- University Hospitals UZ Gasthuisberg, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ghislain Opdenakker
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11411, Saudi Arabia; (M.I.N.); (A.A.); (M.S.); (P.W.G.); (G.O.)
- University Hospitals UZ Gasthuisberg, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sofie Struyf
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (L.D.); (S.S.)
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Klersy A, Meyer S, Leuschner F, Kessler T, Hecker M, Wagner AH. Ectodomain Shedding by ADAM17 Increases the Release of Soluble CD40 from Human Endothelial Cells under Pro-Inflammatory Conditions. Cells 2023; 12:1926. [PMID: 37566005 PMCID: PMC10417149 DOI: 10.3390/cells12151926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Homozygosity for the C allele of the -1T>C single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of the CD40 gene (rs1883832) is associated with susceptibility to coronary heart disease (CHD), enhanced CD40 expression, and shedding. The disintegrin metalloprotease ADAM17 can cleave various cell surface proteins. This study investigates an association between ADAM17-mediated CD40 shedding and inflammation in CC genotype human endothelial cells. METHODS Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) carrying the CC genotype were stimulated with soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L) or tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα). Messenger RNA and protein expression were determined with standard methods. Levels of high sensitive c-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and sCD40 in plasma samples from patients with CHD were assessed using ELISA. RESULTS ADAM17 surface abundance was elevated following stimulation with CD40L and TNFα just as its regulator iRhom2. Inhibition of ADAM17 prevented TNFα-induced sCD40 and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 release into the conditioned medium and reinforced CD40 surface abundance. Secondary to inhibition of ADAM17, stimulation with CD40L or TNFα upregulated monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 mRNA and protein. Levels of sCD40 and the inflammatory biomarkers hs-CRP and IL-6 were positively correlated in the plasma of patients with CHD. CONCLUSIONS We provide a mechanism by which membrane-bound CD40 is shed from the endothelial cell surface by ADAM17, boosting sCD40 formation and limiting downstream CD40 signaling. Soluble CD40 may represent a robust biomarker for CHD, especially in conjunction with homozygosity for the C allele of the -1T>C SNP of the CD40 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Klersy
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sören Meyer
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Florian Leuschner
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Kessler
- Department of Cardiology, German Heart Centre Munich, Technical University of Munich, 80636 Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, 80636 Munich, Germany
| | - Markus Hecker
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas H. Wagner
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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5
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Maas SL, Donners MMPC, van der Vorst EPC. ADAM10 and ADAM17, Major Regulators of Chronic Kidney Disease Induced Atherosclerosis? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087309. [PMID: 37108478 PMCID: PMC10139114 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major health problem, affecting millions of people worldwide, in particular hypertensive and diabetic patients. CKD patients suffer from significantly increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality, mainly due to accelerated atherosclerosis development. Indeed, CKD not only affects the kidneys, in which injury and maladaptive repair processes lead to local inflammation and fibrosis, but also causes systemic inflammation and altered mineral bone metabolism leading to vascular dysfunction, calcification, and thus, accelerated atherosclerosis. Although CKD and CVD individually have been extensively studied, relatively little research has studied the link between both diseases. This narrative review focuses on the role of a disintegrin and metalloproteases (ADAM) 10 and ADAM17 in CKD and CVD and will for the first time shed light on their role in CKD-induced CVD. By cleaving cell surface molecules, these enzymes regulate not only cellular sensitivity to their micro-environment (in case of receptor cleavage), but also release soluble ectodomains that can exert agonistic or antagonistic functions, both locally and systemically. Although the cell-specific roles of ADAM10 and ADAM17 in CVD, and to a lesser extent in CKD, have been explored, their impact on CKD-induced CVD is likely, yet remains to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanne L Maas
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Aachen-Maastricht Institute for CardioRenal Disease (AMICARE), RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Marjo M P C Donners
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Emiel P C van der Vorst
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Aachen-Maastricht Institute for CardioRenal Disease (AMICARE), RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF), RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich (LMU), 80336 Munich, Germany
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6
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Wang K, Xuan Z, Liu X, Zheng M, Yang C, Wang H. Immunomodulatory role of metalloproteinase ADAM17 in tumor development. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1059376. [PMID: 36466812 PMCID: PMC9715963 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1059376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2023] Open
Abstract
ADAM17 is a member of the a disintegrin and metalloproteinase (ADAM) family of transmembrane proteases involved in the shedding of some cell membrane proteins and regulating various signaling pathways. More than 90 substrates are regulated by ADAM17, some of which are closely relevant to tumor formation and development. Besides, ADAM17 is also responsible for immune regulation and its substrate-mediated signal transduction. Recently, ADAM17 has been considered as a major target for the treatment of tumors and yet its immunomodulatory roles and mechanisms remain unclear. In this paper, we summarized the recent understanding of structure and several regulatory roles of ADAM17. Importantly, we highlighted the immunomodulatory roles of ADAM17 in tumor development, as well as small molecule inhibitors and monoclonal antibodies targeting ADAM17.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetics and Oncology, Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Zixue Xuan
- Clinical Pharmacy Center, Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetics and Oncology, Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Meiling Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetics and Oncology, Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Chao Yang
- National Engineering Research Center for Marine Aquaculture, Institute of Innovation & Application, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, China
| | - Haiyong Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
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7
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Murugesan G, Davidson L, Jannetti L, Crocker PR, Weigle B. Quantitative Proteomics of Polarised Macrophages Derived from Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10020239. [PMID: 35203449 PMCID: PMC8869710 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages (MΦ) are highly heterogenous and versatile innate immune cells involved in homeostatic and immune responses. Activated MΦ can exist in two extreme phenotypes: pro-inflammatory (M1) MΦ and anti-inflammatory (M2) MΦ. These phenotypes can be recapitulated in vitro by using ligands of toll-like receptors (TLRs) and cytokines such as IFNγ and IL-4. In recent years, human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC)-derived MΦ have gained major attention, as they are functionally similar to human monocyte-derived MΦ and are receptive to genome editing. In this study, we polarised iPSC-derived MΦ to M1 or M2 and analysed their proteome and secretome profiles using quantitative proteomics. These comprehensive proteomic data sets provide new insights into functions of polarised MΦ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavuthami Murugesan
- Division of Cell Signalling and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK; (G.M.); (P.R.C.)
| | - Lindsay Davidson
- Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Facility, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK;
| | - Linda Jannetti
- Division of Cancer Immunology and Immune Modulation, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, 88397 Biberach an der Riss, Germany;
| | - Paul R. Crocker
- Division of Cell Signalling and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK; (G.M.); (P.R.C.)
| | - Bernd Weigle
- Division of Cancer Immunology and Immune Modulation, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, 88397 Biberach an der Riss, Germany;
- Correspondence:
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Ma X, Chen C, Fang L, Zhong X, Chang Y, Li R, Wang Y, Hu X, Qiu W, Shu Y. Dysregulated CD40 and CD40 ligand expression in anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor encephalitis. J Neuroimmunol 2022; 362:577762. [PMID: 34839148 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2021.577762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor encephalitis (anti-NMDARE) is a B cell- and antibody-mediated autoimmune disease which may be regulated by CD40/CD40L signaling pathway. we enrolled anti-NMDARE patients and measured the serum CD40 and CD40L concentrations. The serum concentration of CD40 was decreased, while CD40L was increased in anti-NMDARE patients compared with that of healthy controls. The concentrations of CD40 and CD40L were both elevated in the acute stage of anti-NMDARE and were reduced during remission. Serum CD40L levels were positively correlated with serum CD40 levels. These results revealed that the CD40/CD40L signaling pathway might contribute to the pathogenesis of anti-NMDARE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Ma
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ling Fang
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiaonan Zhong
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yanyu Chang
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yuge Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xueqiang Hu
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wei Qiu
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Yaqing Shu
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
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Meltzer S, Torgunrud A, Abrahamsson H, Solbakken AM, Flatmark K, Dueland S, Bakke KM, Bousquet PA, Negård A, Johansen C, Lyckander LG, Larsen FO, Schou JV, Redalen KR, Ree AH. The circulating soluble form of the CD40 costimulatory immune checkpoint receptor and liver metastasis risk in rectal cancer. Br J Cancer 2021; 125:240-246. [PMID: 33837301 PMCID: PMC8292313 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-021-01377-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In colorectal cancer, the inflamed tumour microenvironment with its angiogenic activities is immune- tolerant and incites progression to liver metastasis. We hypothesised that angiogenic and inflammatory factors in serum samples from patients with non-metastatic rectal cancer could inform on liver metastasis risk. METHODS We measured 84 angiogenic and inflammatory markers in serum sampled at the time of diagnosis within the population-based cohort of 122 stage I-III patients. In a stepwise manner, the statistically strongest proteins associated with time to development of liver metastasis were analysed in the corresponding serum samples from 273 stage II-III rectal cancer patients in three independent cohorts. RESULTS We identified the soluble form of the costimulatory immune checkpoint receptor cluster of differentiation molecule 40 (sCD40) as a marker of liver metastasis risk across all patient cohorts-the higher the sCD40 level, the shorter time to liver metastasis. In patients receiving neoadjuvant treatment, the sCD40 value remained an independent variable associated with progression to liver metastasis along with the local treatment response. Of note, serum sCD40 was not associated with progression to lung metastasis. CONCLUSIONS Circulating sCD40 is a marker of liver metastasis risk in rectal cancer and may be developed for use in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Meltzer
- grid.411279.80000 0000 9637 455XDepartment of Oncology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway ,grid.411279.80000 0000 9637 455XDepartment of Clinical Molecular Biology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Annette Torgunrud
- grid.55325.340000 0004 0389 8485Department of Tumour Biology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hanna Abrahamsson
- grid.411279.80000 0000 9637 455XDepartment of Oncology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway ,grid.5510.10000 0004 1936 8921Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Arne Mide Solbakken
- grid.55325.340000 0004 0389 8485Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kjersti Flatmark
- grid.55325.340000 0004 0389 8485Department of Tumour Biology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway ,grid.5510.10000 0004 1936 8921Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway ,grid.55325.340000 0004 0389 8485Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Svein Dueland
- grid.55325.340000 0004 0389 8485Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kine Mari Bakke
- grid.411279.80000 0000 9637 455XDepartment of Oncology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway ,grid.5510.10000 0004 1936 8921Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Paula Anna Bousquet
- grid.411279.80000 0000 9637 455XDepartment of Oncology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Anne Negård
- grid.5510.10000 0004 1936 8921Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway ,grid.411279.80000 0000 9637 455XDepartment of Radiology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Christin Johansen
- grid.411279.80000 0000 9637 455XDepartment of Oncology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Lars Gustav Lyckander
- grid.411279.80000 0000 9637 455XDepartment of Pathology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Finn Ole Larsen
- grid.411646.00000 0004 0646 7402Department of Oncology, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Jakob Vasehus Schou
- grid.411646.00000 0004 0646 7402Department of Oncology, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Kathrine Røe Redalen
- grid.5947.f0000 0001 1516 2393Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Anne Hansen Ree
- grid.411279.80000 0000 9637 455XDepartment of Oncology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway ,grid.5510.10000 0004 1936 8921Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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10
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Kawai T, Elliott KJ, Scalia R, Eguchi S. Contribution of ADAM17 and related ADAMs in cardiovascular diseases. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:4161-4187. [PMID: 33575814 PMCID: PMC9301870 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03779-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A disintegrin and metalloproteases (ADAMs) are key mediators of cell signaling by ectodomain shedding of various growth factors, cytokines, receptors and adhesion molecules at the cellular membrane. ADAMs regulate cell proliferation, cell growth, inflammation, and other regular cellular processes. ADAM17, the most extensively studied ADAM family member, is also known as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α converting enzyme (TACE). ADAMs-mediated shedding of cytokines such as TNF-α orchestrates immune system or inflammatory cascades and ADAMs-mediated shedding of growth factors causes cell growth or proliferation by transactivation of the growth factor receptors including epidermal growth factor receptor. Therefore, increased ADAMs-mediated shedding can induce inflammation, tissue remodeling and dysfunction associated with various cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension and atherosclerosis, and ADAMs can be a potential therapeutic target in these diseases. In this review, we focus on the role of ADAMs in cardiovascular pathophysiology and cardiovascular diseases. The main aim of this review is to stimulate new interest in this area by highlighting remarkable evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuo Kawai
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine At Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Katherine J Elliott
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine At Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rosario Scalia
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine At Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Satoru Eguchi
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine At Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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11
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Sultan CS, Weitnauer M, Turinsky M, Kessler T, Brune M, Gleissner CA, Leuschner F, Wagner AH, Hecker M. Functional association of a CD40 gene single-nucleotide polymorphism with the pathogenesis of coronary heart disease. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 116:1214-1225. [PMID: 31373353 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvz206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Endothelial dysfunction is a major contributor to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. CD40-CD40 ligand interactions confer a pro-inflammatory phenotype to endothelial cells (ECs). Recently, a thymine to cytosine transition (-1T>C) in the Kozak sequence of the CD40 gene (rs1883832) has been associated with coronary heart disease (CHD) in an Asian population. As there are no reports yet regarding its role in other ethnic groups, this study determines if the -1T>C single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) could be a risk factor for CHD in Caucasians by performing an association study and elucidates its functional consequence in cultured ECs. METHODS AND RESULTS Molecular and biochemical techniques, cell adhesion assays were used for genotype-stratified human EC characterization. SNP distribution in Caucasians was examined in a hospital-based case-control CHD study and serum levels of soluble CD40 (sCD40) were quantified by ELISA. The SNP in the CD40 gene affected baseline CD40 protein abundance on ECs. There was a genotype-dependent difference in CD40-mediated expression of pro-inflammatory genes. Monocyte adhesion was highest on the surface of cells homozygous for the C allele. Homozygosity for the C allele was associated with significant 2.32-fold higher odds of developing CHD as compared to TT genotype carriers. sCD40 plasma levels were genotype-dependently elevated in CHD patients, indicating a possible prognostic value. CONCLUSION The C allele of the CD40 SNP provokes a pro-inflammatory EC phenotype, compensated by an enhanced CD40 shedding to neutralize excess CD40 ligand. Homozygosity for the C allele is the cause for a genetic susceptibility to atherosclerosis and its sequelae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl S Sultan
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 326, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Weitnauer
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Turinsky
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 326, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Kessler
- German Heart Centre Munich, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Maik Brune
- Department of Internal Medicine 1 and Clinical Chemistry, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian A Gleissner
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Florian Leuschner
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas H Wagner
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 326, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Markus Hecker
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 326, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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12
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CD40/CD40L Signaling as a Promising Therapeutic Target for the Treatment of Renal Disease. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9113653. [PMID: 33202988 PMCID: PMC7697100 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9113653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The cluster of differentiation 40 (CD40) is activated by the CD40 ligand (CD40L) in a variety of diverse cells types and regulates important processes associated with kidney disease. The CD40/CD40L signaling cascade has been comprehensively studied for its roles in immune functions, whereas the signaling axis involved in local kidney injury has only drawn attention in recent years. Clinical studies have revealed that circulating levels of soluble CD40L (sCD40L) are associated with renal function in the setting of kidney disease. Levels of the circulating CD40 receptor (sCD40), sCD40L, and local CD40 expression are tightly related to renal injury in different types of kidney disease. Additionally, various kidney cell types have been identified as non-professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs) that express CD40 on the cell membrane, which contributes to the interactions between immune cells and local kidney cells during the development of kidney injury. Although the potential for adverse CD40 signaling in kidney cells has been reported in several studies, a summary of those studies focusing on the role of CD40 signaling in the development of kidney disease is lacking. In this review, we describe the outcomes of recent studies and summarize the potential therapeutic methods for kidney disease which target CD40.
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13
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Tang T, Cheng X, Truong B, Sun L, Yang X, Wang H. Molecular basis and therapeutic implications of CD40/CD40L immune checkpoint. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 219:107709. [PMID: 33091428 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The CD40 receptor and its ligand CD40L is one of the most critical molecular pairs of the stimulatory immune checkpoints. Both CD40 and CD40L have a membrane form and a soluble form generated by proteolytic cleavage or alternative splicing. CD40 and CD40L are widely expressed in various types of cells, among which B cells and myeloid cells constitutively express high levels of CD40, and T cells and platelets express high levels of CD40L upon activation. CD40L self-assembles into functional trimers which induce CD40 trimerization and downstream signaling. The canonical CD40/CD40L signaling is mediated by recruitment of TRAFs and NF-κB activation, which is supplemented by signal pathways such as PI3K/AKT, MAPKs and JAK3/STATs. CD40/CD40L immune checkpoint leads to activation of both innate and adaptive immune cells via two-way signaling. CD40/CD40L interaction also participates in regulating thrombosis, tissue inflammation, hematopoiesis and tumor cell fate. Because of its essential role in immune activation, CD40/CD40L interaction has been regarded as an attractive immunotherapy target. In recent years, significant advance has been made in CD40/CD40L-targeted therapy. Various types of agents, including agonistic/antagonistic monoclonal antibodies, cellular vaccines, adenoviral vectors and protein antagonist, have been developed and evaluated in early-stage clinical trials for treating malignancies, autoimmune diseases and allograft rejection. In general, these agents have demonstrated favorable safety and some of them show promising clinical efficacy. The mechanisms of benefits include immune cell activation and tumor cell lysis/apoptosis in malignancies, or immune cell inactivation in autoimmune diseases and allograft rejection. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the structure, processing, cellular expression pattern, signaling and effector function of CD40/CD40L checkpoint molecules. In addition, we summarize the progress, targeted diseases and outcomes of current ongoing and completed clinical trials of CD40/CD40L-targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- TingTing Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Xiang Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Billy Truong
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - LiZhe Sun
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - XiaoFeng Yang
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Hong Wang
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA.
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14
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A profile of multiple circulating tumor necrosis factor receptors associated with early progressive kidney decline in Type 1 Diabetes is similar to profiles in autoimmune disorders. Kidney Int 2020; 99:725-736. [PMID: 32717193 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2020.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
This study comprehensively evaluated the association between known circulating tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily ligands and receptors and the development of early progressive kidney decline (PKD) leading to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) in Type 1 diabetes. Participants for the study were from the Macro-Albuminuria Study (198 individuals), and the Micro-Albuminuria Study (148 individuals) of the Joslin Kidney Study. All individuals initially had normal kidney function and were followed for seven-fifteen years to determine the slope of the estimate glomerular filtration rate and to ascertain onset of ESKD. Plasma concentrations of 25 TNF superfamily proteins were measured using proximity extension assay applied in the OLINK proteomics platform. In the both studies risk of early PKD, determined as estimated glomerular filtration rate loss greater than or equal to three ml/min/1.73m2/year, was associated with elevated circulating levels of 13 of 19 TNF receptors examined. In the Macro-Albuminuria Study, we obtained similar findings for risk of progression to ESKD. These receptors comprised: TNF-R1A, -R1B, -R3, -R4, -R6, -R6B, -R7, -R10A, -R10B, -R11A, -R14, -R21, and -R27. Serial measurements showed that circulating levels of these TNF receptors had increased before the onset of PKD. In contrast, none of the six measured TNF ligands showed association with risk of early PKD. Of significance, the disease process that underlies PKD leading to ESKD in Type 1 diabetes has a profile also seen in autoimmune disorders. The mechanisms of this enrichment may be causally related to the development of PKD in Type 1 diabetes and must be investigated further. Thus, some of these receptors may be used as new risk predictors of ESKD.
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15
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Espié P, He Y, Koo P, Sickert D, Dupuy C, Chokoté E, Schuler R, Mergentaler H, Ristov J, Milojevic J, Verles A, Groenewegen A, Auger A, Avrameas A, Rotte M, Colin L, Tomek CS, Hernandez-Illas M, Rush JS, Gergely P. First-in-human clinical trial to assess pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, safety, and tolerability of iscalimab, an anti-CD40 monoclonal antibody. Am J Transplant 2020; 20:463-473. [PMID: 31647605 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.15661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Iscalimab is a fully human, CD40 pathway blocking, nondepleting monoclonal antibody being developed as an immunosuppressive agent. We describe a first-in-human, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study investigating the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of iscalimab in healthy subjects and rheumatoid arthritis patients. Healthy subjects (n = 56) received single doses of intravenous iscalimab (0.03, 0.1, 0.3, 1, or 3 mg/kg), or subcutaneous iscalimab (3 mg/kg), or placebo. Rheumatoid arthritis patients (n = 20) received single doses of intravenous iscalimab (10 or 30 mg/kg) or placebo. Iscalimab exhibited target-mediated drug disposition resulting in dose-dependent and nonlinear pharmacokinetics. Complete (≥90%) CD40 receptor occupancy on whole blood B cells was observed at plasma concentrations >0.3-0.4 µg/mL. In subjects receiving 3 mg/kg iscalimab, antibody responses to keyhole limpet hemocyanin were transiently suppressed. CD40 occupancy by iscalimab prevented ex vivo human rCD154-induced expression of CD69 on B cells in whole blood. All doses were generally safe and well tolerated, with no clinically relevant changes in any safety parameters, including no evidence of thromboembolic events. Iscalimab appears to be a promising blocker of the CD40-CD154 costimulatory pathway with potential use in transplantation and other autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Espié
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - YanLing He
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Phillip Koo
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, New Jersey, USA
| | - Denise Sickert
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Cyrielle Dupuy
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Edwige Chokoté
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Roland Schuler
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Jacinda Ristov
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Julie Milojevic
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Aurelie Verles
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Anita Auger
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Michael Rotte
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Laurence Colin
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | - James S Rush
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Peter Gergely
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
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16
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Tapia-Llanos R, Muñoz-Valle JF, Román-Fernández IV, Marín-Rosales M, Salazar-Camarena DC, Cruz A, Orozco-Barocio G, Guareña-Casillas JA, Oregon-Romero E, Palafox-Sánchez CA. Association of soluble CD40 levels with -1 C > T CD40 polymorphism and chronic kidney disease in systemic lupus erythematosus. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2019; 7:e1014. [PMID: 31642196 PMCID: PMC6900383 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background CD40 is a transmembrane protein mainly expressed on the antigen‐presenting cells surface. CD40 plays a crucial role in immunoglobulin class switching and antibodies production. Genetic polymorphisms in the CD40 gene have been associated with increased risk of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in several populations. This study aimed to evaluate the association of CD40 polymorphisms (−1 C > T, rs1883832 and 6,048 G > T, rs4810485) with SLE susceptibility, as well as with mRNA expression and soluble CD40 (sCD40) levels. Methods The study included 293 patients with SLE and 294 control subjects (CS). Genotyping was performed by PCR‐RFLP method. CD40 mRNA expression was determined by quantitative real‐time PCR, and ELISA quantified sCD40 levels. Results The CD40 polymorphisms −1 C > T and 6,048 G > T were associated with SLE susceptibility. There was no difference between CD40 mRNA expression and CD40 polymorphisms. The sCD40 levels were lower in SLE patients with TT haplotype, whereas higher sCD40 levels were associated with damage and impaired renal function according to SLICC and KDIGO. The sCD40 levels were negatively correlated with eGFR. Conclusion The CD40 gene polymorphisms increase the risk of SLE in the western Mexican population. The sCD40 levels are associated with −1 C > T polymorphism and chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raziel Tapia-Llanos
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico.,Doctorado en Biología Molecular en Medicina, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - José F Muñoz-Valle
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Ilce V Román-Fernández
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Miguel Marín-Rosales
- Departamento de Reumatología, Hospital General de Occidente, Secretaría de Salud Jalisco, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Diana C Salazar-Camarena
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Alvaro Cruz
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Gerardo Orozco-Barocio
- Departamento de Reumatología, Hospital General de Occidente, Secretaría de Salud Jalisco, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Jorge A Guareña-Casillas
- Especialidad de Hemodinamia y Cardiología Intervencionista, Hospital Civil de Guadalajara Fray Antonio Alcalde, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Edith Oregon-Romero
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Claudia A Palafox-Sánchez
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
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17
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Camodeca C, Cuffaro D, Nuti E, Rossello A. ADAM Metalloproteinases as Potential Drug Targets. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:2661-2689. [PMID: 29589526 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666180326164104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The ADAMs, together with ADAMTSs and snake venom metalloproteases (SVMPs), are members of the Adamalysin family. Differences in structural organization, functions and localization are known and their domains, catalytic or non-catalytic, show key roles in the substrate recognition and protease activity. Some ADAMs, as membrane-bound enzymes, show sheddase activity. Sheddases are key to modulation of functional proteins such as the tumor necrosis factor, growth factors, cytokines and their receptors, adhesion proteins, signaling molecules and stress molecules involved in immunity. These activities take part in the regulation of several physiological and pathological processes including inflammation, tumor growth, metastatic progression and infectious diseases. On these bases, some ADAMs are currently investigated as drug targets to develop new alternative therapies in many fields of medicine. This review will be focused on these aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Camodeca
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, Pisa, Italy
| | - Doretta Cuffaro
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, Pisa, Italy
| | - Elisa Nuti
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, Pisa, Italy
| | - Armando Rossello
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, Pisa, Italy
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18
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Assessment of CD40 and CD40L expression in rheumatoid arthritis patients, association with clinical features and DAS28. Clin Exp Med 2019; 19:427-437. [PMID: 31313080 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-019-00568-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The predominance of the effector mechanisms by CD4 + T cells is a characteristic of inflammatory autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The CD40/CD40L costimulatory pathway contributes to these pathogenic mechanisms by promoting autoantibody production and inflammation. Aberrant expression of CD40 and CD40L in RA patients has been shown, the latter prevailing in females. However, contrasting results have emerged regarding the clinical associations of these findings. We determined the association of CD40 and CD40L expression with the clinical activity evaluated through DAS28 in RA patients. A total of 38 female RA patients and 10 age- and sex-matched control subjects were included. CD40 and CD40L mRNA expression was quantified by real-time qPCR, cell surface proteins were determined by flow cytometry, and protein soluble forms were determined by ELISA. The expansion of a CD4 + T cell subpopulation expressing CD40 was identified in the RA group. In addition, high frequencies of CD4 + CD40L + T cells expressing high levels of CD40L, increased levels of sCD40L and overexpression of CD40L mRNA were observed in these patients. Moreover, there was a gradual increase in CD40L when data were stratified according to DAS28, except for very active patients. No correlation was observed between the levels of mRNA, cell surface protein and soluble protein of CD40 and CD40L with the clinical features of RA patients. There is an altered expression of CD40L in female RA patients in association with clinical activity assessed by DAS28, these findings support the evidence that suggests CD40L as a marker of clinical activity.
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19
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Mechanisms of receptor shedding in platelets. Blood 2018; 132:2535-2545. [DOI: 10.1182/blood-2018-03-742668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The ability to upregulate and downregulate surface-exposed proteins and receptors is a powerful process that allows a cell to instantly respond to its microenvironment. In particular, mobile cells in the bloodstream must rapidly react to conditions where infection or inflammation are detected, and become proadhesive, phagocytic, and/or procoagulant. Platelets are one such blood cell that must rapidly acquire and manage proadhesive and procoagulant properties in order to execute their primary function in hemostasis. The regulation of platelet membrane properties is achieved via several mechanisms, one of which involves the controlled metalloproteolytic release of adhesion receptors and other proteins from the platelet surface. Proteolysis effectively lowers receptor density and reduces the reactivity of platelets, and is a mechanism to control robust platelet activation. Recent research has also established clear links between levels of platelet receptors and platelet lifespan. In this review, we will discuss the current knowledge of metalloproteolytic receptor regulation in the vasculature with emphasis on the platelet receptor system to highlight how receptor density can influence both platelet function and platelet survival.
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20
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Lai N, Min Q, Xiong E, Liu J, Zhang L, Yasuda S, Wang JY. A tetrameric form of CD40 ligand with potent biological activities in both mouse and human primary B cells. Mol Immunol 2018; 105:173-180. [PMID: 30529036 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2018.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CD40 ligand (CD40 L) expressed by activated T cells interacts with CD40 on B cells and triggers B cell survival, proliferation and differentiation. Deficiency in CD40 L or CD40 in humans causes hyper IgM syndrome due to a defect in T-B interaction that is essential for Ig gene class switch recombination (CSR). CD40 L belongs to the tumor necrosis factor family and normally forms a homotrimer on the cell surface, which is important for its biological activity. To generate a multimeric CD40 L that can be used to stimulate both mouse and human B cells, we fused the extracellular domain of mouse CD40 L, which is known to also bind human CD40, with streptavidin (SA) that forms a stable tetramer under physiological conditions. As expected, 293 T cells transiently transfected with an SA-CD40 L expression vector secreted tetrameric SA-CD40 L in the culture supernatant. The secreted SA-CD40 L exhibited > 25-fold stronger activities in inducing the survival, activation and proliferation of both mouse and human primary B cells than did an agonistic anti-mouse or anti-human CD40 antibody. In the presence of IL-4, SA-CD40 L also induced efficient CSR and plasma cell differentiation in both mouse and human B cells. Moreover, administration of SA-CD40 L in mice induced activation and proliferation of spleen B cells in vivo. These results demonstrate that the SA-CD40 L fusion protein generated in the present study recapitulates the function of membrane-bound trimeric CD40 L and has potent biological activities in both mouse and human primary B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nannan Lai
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Qing Min
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ermeng Xiong
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Lumin Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Shoya Yasuda
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China; Department of Computational Intelligence and Systems Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 226-8502, Japan
| | - Ji-Yang Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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21
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Hosseini E, Beshkar P, Ghasemzadeh M. Reverse correlations of collagen-dependent platelet aggregation and adhesion with GPVI shedding during storage. J Thromb Thrombolysis 2018; 46:534-540. [PMID: 30218271 DOI: 10.1007/s11239-018-1739-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Platelet receptor GPVI plays an important role in platelet firm adhesion to site of vascular injury. Receptor ligation with collagen, in company with other agonist/receptor interactions, augments inside out signaling pathways leading to platelet aggregation and thrombus formation. As GPVI expression is significantly modulated by ectodomain shedding, this study aimed to examine whether GPVI shedding functionally affects collagen-mediated platelet activation during storage. 6 PRP-platelet concentrates were subjected to adhesion analysis on collagen matrix under mild stirring condition as well as collagen-induced aggregation on day 1, 3 and 5 post-storage. Concurrently, platelet supernatants of same samples were fractionated by ultra-centrifugation and obtained micro-particle-free samples were subjected to western blot analysis for the evaluation of GPVI shedding. We showed a direct correlation between collagen-dependent platelet aggregation and adhesion (r = 0.8, p = 0.0001). The increasing levels of GPVI shedding during storage were in reverse correlation with collagen-induced platelet aggregation (r = - 0.82, p = 0.0004) which was significantly reducing during storage. Platelet adhesion to collagen matrix significantly decreased post-storage while it was also reversely correlated with the levels of GPVI shedding during 5 days storage of platelets (r = - 0.69, p = 0.002). Data presented here demonstrated that progressive shedding of surface adhesion receptor GPVI can affect its functional activities in stored platelets. Thereby considering the crucial role of GPVI in platelet adhesion to the site of injury, whether the therapeutic efficacy of banked platelet products could be influenced by storage-dependent shedding of this receptor, remains to be answered in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehteramolsadat Hosseini
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pezhman Beshkar
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehran Ghasemzadeh
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran.
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia.
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Iranian Blood Transfusion Organization Building, Hemmat Exp. Way, Next to the Milad Tower, PO Box: 14665-1157, Tehran, Iran.
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22
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Widespread intronic polyadenylation diversifies immune cell transcriptomes. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1716. [PMID: 29712909 PMCID: PMC5928244 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04112-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Alternative cleavage and polyadenylation (ApA) is known to alter untranslated region (3'UTR) length but can also recognize intronic polyadenylation (IpA) signals to generate transcripts that lose part or all of the coding region. We analyzed 46 3'-seq and RNA-seq profiles from normal human tissues, primary immune cells, and multiple myeloma (MM) samples and created an atlas of 4927 high-confidence IpA events represented in these cell types. IpA isoforms are widely expressed in immune cells, differentially used during B-cell development or in different cellular environments, and can generate truncated proteins lacking C-terminal functional domains. This can mimic ectodomain shedding through loss of transmembrane domains or alter the binding specificity of proteins with DNA-binding or protein-protein interaction domains. MM cells display a striking loss of IpA isoforms expressed in plasma cells, associated with shorter progression-free survival and impacting key genes in MM biology and response to lenalidomide.
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23
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Gjelstrup MC, Stilund M, Petersen T, Møller HJ, Petersen EL, Christensen T. Subsets of activated monocytes and markers of inflammation in incipient and progressed multiple sclerosis. Immunol Cell Biol 2017; 96:160-174. [PMID: 29363161 PMCID: PMC5836924 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.1025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune mediated, inflammatory and demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS). Substantial evidence points toward monocytes and macrophages playing prominent roles early in disease, mediating both pro- and anti-inflammatory responses. Monocytes are subdivided into three subsets depending on the expression of CD14 and CD16, representing different stages of inflammatory activation. To investigate their involvement in MS, peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 40 patients with incipient or progressed MS and 20 healthy controls were characterized ex vivo. In MS samples, we demonstrate a highly significant increase in nonclassical monocytes (CD14+CD16++), with a concomitant significant reduction in classical monocytes (CD14++CD16-) compared with healthy controls. Also, a significant reduction in the surface expression of CD40, CD163, and CD192 was found, attributable to the upregulation of the nonclassical monocytes. In addition, significantly increased levels of human endogenous retrovirus (HERV) envelope (Env) epitopes, encoded by both HERV-H/F and HERV-W, were specifically found on nonclassical monocytes from patients with MS; emphasizing their involvement in MS disease. In parallel, serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples were analyzed for soluble biomarkers of inflammation and neurodegeneration. For sCD163 versus CD163, no significant correlations were found, whereas highly significant correlations between levels of soluble neopterine and the intermediate monocyte (CD14++CD16+) population was found, as were correlations between levels of soluble osteopontin and the HERV Env expression on nonclassical monocytes. The results from this study emphasize the relevance of further focus on monocyte subsets, particularly the nonclassical monocytes in monitoring of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikkel Carstensen Gjelstrup
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Bartholin Building, Wilhelm Meyers Allé 4, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Morten Stilund
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Bartholin Building, Wilhelm Meyers Allé 4, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark.,Department of Neurology, Aarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade 44, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Thor Petersen
- Department of Neurology, Aarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade 44, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Holger Jon Møller
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul Jensens Boulevard 99, DK-8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Eva Lykke Petersen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Bartholin Building, Wilhelm Meyers Allé 4, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Tove Christensen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Bartholin Building, Wilhelm Meyers Allé 4, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
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24
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Lorente E, Barriga A, García-Arriaza J, Lemonnier FA, Esteban M, López D. Complex antigen presentation pathway for an HLA-A*0201-restricted epitope from Chikungunya 6K protein. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2017; 11:e0006036. [PMID: 29084215 PMCID: PMC5679651 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The adaptive cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL)-mediated immune response is critical for clearance of many viral infections. These CTL recognize naturally processed short viral antigenic peptides bound to human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I molecules on the surface of infected cells. This specific recognition allows the killing of virus-infected cells. The T cell immune T cell response to Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), a mosquito-borne Alphavirus of the Togaviridae family responsible for severe musculoskeletal disorders, has not been fully defined; nonetheless, the importance of HLA class I-restricted immune response in this virus has been hypothesized. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS By infection of HLA-A*0201-transgenic mice with a recombinant vaccinia virus that encodes the CHIKV structural polyprotein (rVACV-CHIKV), we identified the first human T cell epitopes from CHIKV. These three novel 6K transmembrane protein-derived epitopes are presented by the common HLA class I molecule, HLA-A*0201. One of these epitopes is processed and presented via a complex pathway that involves proteases from different subcellular locations. Specific chemical inhibitors blocked these events in rVACV-CHIKV-infected cells. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Our data have implications not only for the identification of novel Alphavirus and Togaviridae antiviral CTL responses, but also for analyzing presentation of antigen from viruses of different families and orders that use host proteinases to generate their mature envelope proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Lorente
- Unidad de Procesamiento Antigénico, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Barriga
- Unidad de Procesamiento Antigénico, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan García-Arriaza
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - François A. Lemonnier
- Unité d'Immunité Cellulaire Antivirale, Département d'Immunologie, Institut Pasteur, France
| | - Mariano Esteban
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel López
- Unidad de Procesamiento Antigénico, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
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25
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Keuper M, Sachs S, Walheim E, Berti L, Raedle B, Tews D, Fischer-Posovszky P, Wabitsch M, Hrabě de Angelis M, Kastenmüller G, Tschöp MH, Jastroch M, Staiger H, Hofmann SM. Activated macrophages control human adipocyte mitochondrial bioenergetics via secreted factors. Mol Metab 2017; 6:1226-1239. [PMID: 29031722 PMCID: PMC5641636 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2017.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Obesity-associated WAT inflammation is characterized by the accumulation and local activation of macrophages (MΦs), and recent data from mouse studies suggest that macrophages are modifiers of adipocyte energy metabolism and mitochondrial function. As mitochondrial dysfunction has been associated with obesity and the metabolic syndrome in humans, herein we aimed to delineate how human macrophages may affect energy metabolism of white adipocytes. METHODS Human adipose tissue gene expression analysis for markers of macrophage activation and tissue inflammation (CD11c, CD40, CD163, CD206, CD80, MCP1, TNFα) in relationship to mitochondrial complex I (NDUFB8) and complex III (UQCRC2) was performed on subcutaneous WAT of 24 women (BMI 20-61 kg/m2). Guided by these results, the impact of secreted factors of LPS/IFNγ- and IL10/TGFβ-activated human macrophages (THP1, primary blood-derived) on mitochondrial function in human subcutaneous white adipocytes (SGBS, primary) was determined by extracellular flux analysis (Seahorse technology) and gene/protein expression. RESULTS Stepwise regression analysis of human WAT gene expression data revealed that a linear combination of CD40 and CD163 was the strongest predictor for mitochondrial complex I (NDUFB8) and complex III (UQCRC2) levels, independent of BMI. IL10/TGFβ-activated MΦs displayed high CD163 and low CD40 expression and secreted factors that decreased UQCRC2 gene/protein expression and ATP-linked respiration in human white adipocytes. In contrast, LPS/IFNγ-activated MΦs showed high CD40 and low CD163 expression and secreted factors that enhanced adipocyte mitochondrial activity resulting in a total difference of 37% in ATP-linked respiration of white adipocytes (p = 0.0024) when comparing the effect of LPS/IFNγ- vs IL10/TGFβ-activated MΦs. CONCLUSION Our data demonstrate that macrophages modulate human adipocyte energy metabolism via an activation-dependent paracrine mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Keuper
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Stephan Sachs
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ellen Walheim
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany; Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Lucia Berti
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany; Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Bernhard Raedle
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Daniel Tews
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Pamela Fischer-Posovszky
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Martin Wabitsch
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Martin Hrabě de Angelis
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany; Chair of Experimental Genetics, School of Life Science Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Alte Akademie 8, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Gabi Kastenmüller
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Matthias H Tschöp
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany; Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Martin Jastroch
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany; Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Harald Staiger
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany; Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Germany
| | - Susanna M Hofmann
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany; Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der LMU, 80336 München, Germany
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26
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Characterization of the catalytic properties of the membrane-anchored metalloproteinase ADAM9 in cell-based assays. Biochem J 2017; 474:1467-1479. [PMID: 28264989 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20170075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
ADAM9 (A Disintegrin And Metalloprotease 9) is a membrane-anchored metalloproteinase that has been implicated in pathological retinal neovascularization and in tumor progression. ADAM9 has constitutive catalytic activity in both biochemical and cell-based assays and can cleave several membrane proteins, including epidermal growth factor and Ephrin receptor B4; yet little is currently known about the catalytic properties of ADAM9 and its post-translational regulation and inhibitor profile in cell-based assays. To address this question, we monitored processing of the membrane-anchored Ephrin receptor B4 (EphB4) by co-expressing ADAM9, with the catalytically inactive ADAM9 E > A mutant serving as a negative control. We found that ADAM9-dependent shedding of EphB4 was not stimulated by three commonly employed activators of ADAM-dependent ectodomain shedding: phorbol esters, pervanadate or calcium ionophores. With respect to the inhibitor profile, we found that ADAM9 was inhibited by the hydroxamate-based metalloprotease inhibitors marimastat, TAPI-2, BB94, GM6001 and GW280264X, and by 10 nM of the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP)-3, but not by up to 20 nM of TIMP-1 or -2. Additionally, we screened a non-hydroxamate small-molecule library for novel ADAM9 inhibitors and identified four compounds that selectively inhibited ADAM9-dependent proteolysis over ADAM10- or ADAM17-dependent processing. Taken together, the present study provides new information about the molecular fingerprint of ADAM9 in cell-based assays by showing that it is not stimulated by strong activators of ectodomain shedding and by defining a characteristic inhibitor profile. The identification of novel non-hydroxamate inhibitors of ADAM9 could provide the basis for designing more selective compounds that block the contribution of ADAM9 to pathological neovascularization and cancer.
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27
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Tien WS, Chen JH, Wu KP. SheddomeDB: the ectodomain shedding database for membrane-bound shed markers. BMC Bioinformatics 2017; 18:42. [PMID: 28361715 PMCID: PMC5374707 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-017-1465-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A number of membrane-anchored proteins are known to be released from cell surface via ectodomain shedding. The cleavage and release of membrane proteins has been shown to modulate various cellular processes and disease pathologies. Numerous studies revealed that cell membrane molecules of diverse functional groups are subjected to proteolytic cleavage, and the released soluble form of proteins may modulate various signaling processes. Therefore, in addition to the secreted protein markers that undergo secretion through the secretory pathway, the shed membrane proteins may comprise an additional resource of noninvasive and accessible biomarkers. In this context, identifying the membrane-bound proteins that will be shed has become important in the discovery of clinically noninvasive biomarkers. Nevertheless, a data repository for biological and clinical researchers to review the shedding information, which is experimentally validated, for membrane-bound protein shed markers is still lacking. RESULTS In this study, the database SheddomeDB was developed to integrate publicly available data of the shed membrane proteins. A comprehensive literature survey was performed to collect the membrane proteins that were verified to be cleaved or released in the supernatant by immunological-based validation experiments. From 436 studies on shedding, 401 validated shed membrane proteins were included, among which 199 shed membrane proteins have not been annotated or validated yet by existing cleavage databases. SheddomeDB attempted to provide a comprehensive shedding report, including the regulation of shedding machinery and the related function or diseases involved in the shedding events. In addition, our published tool ShedP was embedded into SheddomeDB to support researchers for predicting the shedding event on unknown or unrecorded membrane proteins. CONCLUSIONS To the best of our knowledge, SheddomeDB is the first database for the identification of experimentally validated shed membrane proteins and currently may provide the most number of membrane proteins for reviewing the shedding information. The database included membrane-bound shed markers associated with numerous cellular processes and diseases, and some of these markers are potential novel markers because they are not annotated or validated yet in other databases. SheddomeDB may provide a useful resource for discovering membrane-bound shed markers. The interactive web of SheddomeDB is publicly available at http://bal.ym.edu.tw/SheddomeDB/ .
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Sheng Tien
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan.,Bioinformatics Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Jun-Hong Chen
- Department of Computer Science, National Taipei University of Education, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Pin Wu
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan.
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28
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Sopper S, Mustjoki S, White D, Hughes T, Valent P, Burchert A, Gjertsen BT, Gastl G, Baldauf M, Trajanoski Z, Giles F, Hochhaus A, Ernst T, Schenk T, Janssen JJ, Ossenkoppele GJ, Porkka K, Wolf D. Reduced CD62L Expression on T Cells and Increased Soluble CD62L Levels Predict Molecular Response to Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Therapy in Early Chronic-Phase Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia. J Clin Oncol 2017; 35:175-184. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2016.67.0893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Immunologic surveillance of minimal residual disease in chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) may be relevant for long-term control or cure of CML. Little is known about immune-modulatory effects of nilotinib in vivo, potentially predicting response to therapy. Patients and Methods A prospective and comprehensive flow cytometry–based immunomonitoring program paralleled the ENEST1st clinical study, investigating 52 nilotinib-naïve patients with chronic-phase CML. Data were verified in independent validation cohorts. Results T cells of patients with CML at diagnosis expressed low l-selectin (CD62L) levels, which was not a result of proportional aberrations of T-cell subsets. Low numbers of CD62L-expressing CD4+ and CD8+ T cells correlated with higher Sokal score, increased spleen size, and high leukocyte and peripheral-blood blast counts. At month 6 during nilotinib therapy, CD62L expression returned to levels of healthy individuals. The level of CD62L loss on T cells directly correlated with the extent of soluble CD62L (sCD62L) elevation. In parallel, the proteolytic activity of tumor necrosis factor α–converting enzyme (TACE; ADAM17, CD156b), the metalloproteinase shedding CD62L, was increased at diagnosis and significantly decreased during nilotinib treatment. High CD62L+ expression on both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and, vice versa, low sCD62L levels at CML diagnosis were linked to superior molecular responses. These findings were corroborated in independent validation cohorts. Conclusion We demonstrate the prognostic impact of CD62L shedding from T cells and increased sCD62L plasma levels at CML diagnosis on molecular response to tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy in early chronic-phase CML. Functionally, decreased CD62L may be a consequence of increased TACE-mediated CD62L cleavage and potentially impairs immune-cell function. Larger prospective studies are ongoing to confirm the prognostic relevance of this finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sieghart Sopper
- Sieghart Sopper, Günther Gastl, Matthias Baldauf, Zlatko Trajanoski, and Dominik Wolf, Medical University Innsbruck; Sieghart Sopper and Dominik Wolf, Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute; Matthias Baldauf, Oncotyrol, Innsbruck; Peter Valent, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Satu Mustjoki and Kimmo Porkka, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki, Finland; Deborah White and Timothy Hughes, South Australian Health and Medical Research
| | - Satu Mustjoki
- Sieghart Sopper, Günther Gastl, Matthias Baldauf, Zlatko Trajanoski, and Dominik Wolf, Medical University Innsbruck; Sieghart Sopper and Dominik Wolf, Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute; Matthias Baldauf, Oncotyrol, Innsbruck; Peter Valent, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Satu Mustjoki and Kimmo Porkka, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki, Finland; Deborah White and Timothy Hughes, South Australian Health and Medical Research
| | - Deborah White
- Sieghart Sopper, Günther Gastl, Matthias Baldauf, Zlatko Trajanoski, and Dominik Wolf, Medical University Innsbruck; Sieghart Sopper and Dominik Wolf, Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute; Matthias Baldauf, Oncotyrol, Innsbruck; Peter Valent, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Satu Mustjoki and Kimmo Porkka, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki, Finland; Deborah White and Timothy Hughes, South Australian Health and Medical Research
| | - Timothy Hughes
- Sieghart Sopper, Günther Gastl, Matthias Baldauf, Zlatko Trajanoski, and Dominik Wolf, Medical University Innsbruck; Sieghart Sopper and Dominik Wolf, Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute; Matthias Baldauf, Oncotyrol, Innsbruck; Peter Valent, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Satu Mustjoki and Kimmo Porkka, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki, Finland; Deborah White and Timothy Hughes, South Australian Health and Medical Research
| | - Peter Valent
- Sieghart Sopper, Günther Gastl, Matthias Baldauf, Zlatko Trajanoski, and Dominik Wolf, Medical University Innsbruck; Sieghart Sopper and Dominik Wolf, Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute; Matthias Baldauf, Oncotyrol, Innsbruck; Peter Valent, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Satu Mustjoki and Kimmo Porkka, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki, Finland; Deborah White and Timothy Hughes, South Australian Health and Medical Research
| | - Andreas Burchert
- Sieghart Sopper, Günther Gastl, Matthias Baldauf, Zlatko Trajanoski, and Dominik Wolf, Medical University Innsbruck; Sieghart Sopper and Dominik Wolf, Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute; Matthias Baldauf, Oncotyrol, Innsbruck; Peter Valent, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Satu Mustjoki and Kimmo Porkka, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki, Finland; Deborah White and Timothy Hughes, South Australian Health and Medical Research
| | - Bjørn T. Gjertsen
- Sieghart Sopper, Günther Gastl, Matthias Baldauf, Zlatko Trajanoski, and Dominik Wolf, Medical University Innsbruck; Sieghart Sopper and Dominik Wolf, Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute; Matthias Baldauf, Oncotyrol, Innsbruck; Peter Valent, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Satu Mustjoki and Kimmo Porkka, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki, Finland; Deborah White and Timothy Hughes, South Australian Health and Medical Research
| | - Günther Gastl
- Sieghart Sopper, Günther Gastl, Matthias Baldauf, Zlatko Trajanoski, and Dominik Wolf, Medical University Innsbruck; Sieghart Sopper and Dominik Wolf, Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute; Matthias Baldauf, Oncotyrol, Innsbruck; Peter Valent, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Satu Mustjoki and Kimmo Porkka, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki, Finland; Deborah White and Timothy Hughes, South Australian Health and Medical Research
| | - Matthias Baldauf
- Sieghart Sopper, Günther Gastl, Matthias Baldauf, Zlatko Trajanoski, and Dominik Wolf, Medical University Innsbruck; Sieghart Sopper and Dominik Wolf, Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute; Matthias Baldauf, Oncotyrol, Innsbruck; Peter Valent, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Satu Mustjoki and Kimmo Porkka, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki, Finland; Deborah White and Timothy Hughes, South Australian Health and Medical Research
| | - Zlatko Trajanoski
- Sieghart Sopper, Günther Gastl, Matthias Baldauf, Zlatko Trajanoski, and Dominik Wolf, Medical University Innsbruck; Sieghart Sopper and Dominik Wolf, Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute; Matthias Baldauf, Oncotyrol, Innsbruck; Peter Valent, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Satu Mustjoki and Kimmo Porkka, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki, Finland; Deborah White and Timothy Hughes, South Australian Health and Medical Research
| | - Frank Giles
- Sieghart Sopper, Günther Gastl, Matthias Baldauf, Zlatko Trajanoski, and Dominik Wolf, Medical University Innsbruck; Sieghart Sopper and Dominik Wolf, Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute; Matthias Baldauf, Oncotyrol, Innsbruck; Peter Valent, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Satu Mustjoki and Kimmo Porkka, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki, Finland; Deborah White and Timothy Hughes, South Australian Health and Medical Research
| | - Andreas Hochhaus
- Sieghart Sopper, Günther Gastl, Matthias Baldauf, Zlatko Trajanoski, and Dominik Wolf, Medical University Innsbruck; Sieghart Sopper and Dominik Wolf, Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute; Matthias Baldauf, Oncotyrol, Innsbruck; Peter Valent, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Satu Mustjoki and Kimmo Porkka, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki, Finland; Deborah White and Timothy Hughes, South Australian Health and Medical Research
| | - Thomas Ernst
- Sieghart Sopper, Günther Gastl, Matthias Baldauf, Zlatko Trajanoski, and Dominik Wolf, Medical University Innsbruck; Sieghart Sopper and Dominik Wolf, Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute; Matthias Baldauf, Oncotyrol, Innsbruck; Peter Valent, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Satu Mustjoki and Kimmo Porkka, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki, Finland; Deborah White and Timothy Hughes, South Australian Health and Medical Research
| | - Thomas Schenk
- Sieghart Sopper, Günther Gastl, Matthias Baldauf, Zlatko Trajanoski, and Dominik Wolf, Medical University Innsbruck; Sieghart Sopper and Dominik Wolf, Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute; Matthias Baldauf, Oncotyrol, Innsbruck; Peter Valent, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Satu Mustjoki and Kimmo Porkka, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki, Finland; Deborah White and Timothy Hughes, South Australian Health and Medical Research
| | - Jeroen J.W.M. Janssen
- Sieghart Sopper, Günther Gastl, Matthias Baldauf, Zlatko Trajanoski, and Dominik Wolf, Medical University Innsbruck; Sieghart Sopper and Dominik Wolf, Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute; Matthias Baldauf, Oncotyrol, Innsbruck; Peter Valent, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Satu Mustjoki and Kimmo Porkka, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki, Finland; Deborah White and Timothy Hughes, South Australian Health and Medical Research
| | - Gert J. Ossenkoppele
- Sieghart Sopper, Günther Gastl, Matthias Baldauf, Zlatko Trajanoski, and Dominik Wolf, Medical University Innsbruck; Sieghart Sopper and Dominik Wolf, Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute; Matthias Baldauf, Oncotyrol, Innsbruck; Peter Valent, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Satu Mustjoki and Kimmo Porkka, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki, Finland; Deborah White and Timothy Hughes, South Australian Health and Medical Research
| | - Kimmo Porkka
- Sieghart Sopper, Günther Gastl, Matthias Baldauf, Zlatko Trajanoski, and Dominik Wolf, Medical University Innsbruck; Sieghart Sopper and Dominik Wolf, Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute; Matthias Baldauf, Oncotyrol, Innsbruck; Peter Valent, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Satu Mustjoki and Kimmo Porkka, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki, Finland; Deborah White and Timothy Hughes, South Australian Health and Medical Research
| | - Dominik Wolf
- Sieghart Sopper, Günther Gastl, Matthias Baldauf, Zlatko Trajanoski, and Dominik Wolf, Medical University Innsbruck; Sieghart Sopper and Dominik Wolf, Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute; Matthias Baldauf, Oncotyrol, Innsbruck; Peter Valent, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Satu Mustjoki and Kimmo Porkka, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki, Finland; Deborah White and Timothy Hughes, South Australian Health and Medical Research
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Abstract
The prognosis of patients with classical Hodgkin lymphoma following chemo- and radiotherapy has been excellent during the last 4 decades. However, the development of secondary malignancies is of major concern. Therefore, the reduction of radiotherapy application is a major objective of ongoing clinical trials. De-escalation of treatment may increase the risk of relapses and thus may lead to reappearance of prognostic factors. Prognostic biomarkers might help to identify patients who are at increased risk of relapse. This review summarizes the current knowledge about potential prognostic biomarkers for patients with classical Hodgkin lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin S Staege
- a Department of Pediatrics , Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg , Halle , Germany
| | - Stefanie Kewitz
- a Department of Pediatrics , Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg , Halle , Germany
| | - Toralf Bernig
- a Department of Pediatrics , Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg , Halle , Germany
| | - Caspar Kühnöl
- a Department of Pediatrics , Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg , Halle , Germany
| | - Christine Mauz-Körholz
- a Department of Pediatrics , Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg , Halle , Germany
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30
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Au AE, Josefsson EC. Regulation of platelet membrane protein shedding in health and disease. Platelets 2016; 28:342-353. [PMID: 27494300 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2016.1203401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular proteolysis of platelet plasma membrane proteins is an event that ensues platelet activation. Shedding of surface receptors such as glycoprotein (GP) Ibα, GPV and GPVI as well as externalized proteins P-selectin and CD40L releases soluble ectodomain fragments that are subsequently detectable in plasma. This results in the irreversible functional downregulation of platelet receptor-mediated adhesive interactions and the generation of biologically active fragments. In this review, we describe molecular insights into the regulation of platelet receptor and ligand shedding in health and disease. The scope of this review is specially focused on GPIbα, GPV, GPVI, P-selectin and CD40L where we: (1) describe the basic physiological regulation of expression and shedding of these proteins in hemostasis illustrate alterations in receptor expression during (2) apoptosis and (3) ex vivo storage relevant for blood banking purposes; (4) discuss considerations to be made when analyzing and interpreting shedding of platelet membrane proteins and finally; (5) collate clinical evidence that quantify these platelet proteins during disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda E Au
- a The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Cancer & Haematology Division , 1G Royal Parade, Melbourne , Australia.,b Department of Medical Biology , The University of Melbourne , Melbourne , Australia
| | - Emma C Josefsson
- a The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Cancer & Haematology Division , 1G Royal Parade, Melbourne , Australia.,b Department of Medical Biology , The University of Melbourne , Melbourne , Australia
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31
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Shen HH, Bai BK, Wang YQ, Zhou GDE, Hou J, Hu Y, Zhao JM, Li BS, Huang HL, Mao PY. Serum soluble CD40 is associated with liver injury in patients with chronic hepatitis B. Exp Ther Med 2015; 9:999-1005. [PMID: 25667667 PMCID: PMC4316966 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2015.2182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Soluble cluster of differentiation 40 (sCD40) is proteolytically cleaved from membrane-bound CD40 and binds to CD154, thereby inhibiting CD40-CD154-mediated immune responses. The aim of the present study was to clarify the role of sCD40 in chronic hepatitis B (CHB). The sCD40 levels in sera from 132 patients with CHB and 33 healthy individuals were retrospectively measured. sCD40 concentrations in patients with CHB were higher than those in healthy controls, and sCD40 levels correlated positively with serum levels of the liver dysfunction biomarkers alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST). sCD40 concentrations increased with a rise in the severity of liver necroinflammation and fibrosis. Patients with >75% liver tissue staining positive for hepatitis B virus (HBV) antigen expression showed significantly lower sCD40 levels than those who stained negative for the HBV antigen. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of sCD40 was greater than that of ALT and AST; thus, sCD40 levels have a high diagnostic accuracy for detecting severe liver inflammation in patients with CHB, and could serve as an immunological marker of hepatic tissue injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Hui Shen
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing 302 Hospital, Beijing 100039, P.R. China
| | - Bing-Ke Bai
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing 302 Hospital, Beijing 100039, P.R. China
| | - Ya-Qing Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing 305 Hospital, Beijing 100017, P.R. China
| | - Guang-DE Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Beijing 302 Hospital, Beijing 100039, P.R. China
| | - Jun Hou
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing 302 Hospital, Beijing 100039, P.R. China
| | - Yan Hu
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing 302 Hospital, Beijing 100039, P.R. China
| | - Jing-Min Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Beijing 302 Hospital, Beijing 100039, P.R. China
| | - Bao-Sen Li
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing 302 Hospital, Beijing 100039, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Li Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Pan-Yong Mao
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing 302 Hospital, Beijing 100039, P.R. China
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32
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The signaling role of CD40 ligand in platelet biology and in platelet component transfusion. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:22342-64. [PMID: 25479079 PMCID: PMC4284712 DOI: 10.3390/ijms151222342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Revised: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The CD40 ligand (CD40L) is a transmembrane molecule of crucial interest in cell signaling in innate and adaptive immunity. It is expressed by a variety of cells, but mainly by activated T-lymphocytes and platelets. CD40L may be cleaved into a soluble form (sCD40L) that has a cytokine-like activity. Both forms bind to several receptors, including CD40. This interaction is necessary for the antigen specific immune response. Furthermore, CD40L and sCD40L are involved in inflammation and a panoply of immune related and vascular pathologies. Soluble CD40L is primarily produced by platelets after activation, degranulation and cleavage, which may present a problem for transfusion. Soluble CD40L is involved in adverse transfusion events including transfusion related acute lung injury (TRALI). Although platelet storage designed for transfusion occurs in sterile conditions, platelets are activated and release sCD40L without known agonists. Recently, proteomic studies identified signaling pathways activated in platelet concentrates. Soluble CD40L is a good candidate for platelet activation in an auto-amplification loop. In this review, we describe the immunomodulatory role of CD40L in physiological and pathological conditions. We will focus on the main signaling pathways activated by CD40L after binding to its different receptors.
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33
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Marczynska J, Ozga A, Wlodarczyk A, Majchrzak-Gorecka M, Kulig P, Banas M, Michalczyk-Wetula D, Majewski P, Hutloff A, Schwarz J, Chalaris A, Scheller J, Rose-John S, Cichy J. The role of metalloproteinase ADAM17 in regulating ICOS ligand-mediated humoral immune responses. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 193:2753-63. [PMID: 25108021 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1302893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Immune cells regulate cell surface receptor expression during their maturation, activation, and motility. Although many of these receptors are regulated largely at the level of expression, protease-mediated ectodomain shedding represents an alternative means of refashioning the surface of immune cells. Shedding is largely attributed to a family of a disintegrin and metalloprotease domain (ADAM) metalloproteases, including ADAM17. Although ADAM17 is well known to contribute to the innate immune response, mainly by releasing TNF-α, much less is known about whether/how this metalloprotease regulates adaptive immunity. To determine whether ADAM17 contributes to regulating adaptive immune responses, we took advantage of ADAM17 hypomorphic (ADAM17(ex/ex)) mice, in which ADAM17 expression is reduced by 90-95% compared with wild-type littermates. In this study, we show that that ADAM17 deficiency results in spleen and lymph node enlargement, as well as increased levels of Ag-specific class-switched Ig production following immunization with OVA together with anti-CD40 mAbs and polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid. Moreover, we demonstrate that the costimulatory ligand ICOS ligand (ICOSL) is selectively downregulated on the surface of B cells in an ADAM17-specific manner, although it is not proteolitically processed by recombinant ADAM17 in vitro. Finally, we show that higher cell surface levels of ICOSL in ADAM17(ex/ex) mice may contribute to the development of excessive Ab responses. Therefore, our data suggest a functional link between ADAM17 and ICOSL in controlling adaptive immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Marczynska
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Ozga
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Wlodarczyk
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Monika Majchrzak-Gorecka
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Paulina Kulig
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Magdalena Banas
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Dominika Michalczyk-Wetula
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Pawel Majewski
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Andreas Hutloff
- Robert Koch Institute, 13353 Berlin, Germany; German Rheumatism Research Center, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jeanette Schwarz
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Christian Albrechts University, 24118 Kiel, Germany; and
| | - Athena Chalaris
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Christian Albrechts University, 24118 Kiel, Germany; and
| | - Jürgen Scheller
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Christian Albrechts University, 24118 Kiel, Germany; and Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Stefan Rose-John
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Christian Albrechts University, 24118 Kiel, Germany; and
| | - Joanna Cichy
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland;
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34
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Lajoie L, Congy-Jolivet N, Bolzec A, Gouilleux-Gruart V, Sicard E, Sung HC, Peiretti F, Moreau T, Vié H, Clémenceau B, Thibault G. ADAM17-mediated shedding of FcγRIIIA on human NK cells: identification of the cleavage site and relationship with activation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 192:741-51. [PMID: 24337742 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1301024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
FcγRIIIA/CD16A, the low-affinity receptor for the IgG Fc portion expressed on human CD56(dim) NK cells and involved in Ab-dependent cell cytotoxicity, is shed upon NK cell activation. We found that recombinant a disintegrin and metalloprotease (ADAM) 17 cleaved the ectodomain of FcγRIIIA/CD16A and a peptide for which the sequence encompasses aa 191-201 of the FcγRIIIA/CD16A stalk region but not ADAM10. MALDI-TOF analysis revealed that the peptide was cleaved between Ala(195) and Val(196) (i.e., 1 aa upstream of the expected position). This location of the cleavage site was confirmed by the finding that ADAM17 failed to cleave a peptide in which Ala and Val were reversed. ADAM17 was found to be expressed on NK cells, and stimulation with PMA or N-ethyl-maleimide resulted in the shedding of FcγRIIIA/CD16A and CD62L, a specific substrate of ADAM17. Selective inhibition of ADAM17 prevented the shedding of both molecules. Moreover, the shedding of FcγRIIIA/CD16A was strongly correlated with degranulation when a wide range of CD56(dim) NK cell activating receptors were stimulated, whereas both ADAM17-dependent shedding and internalization were involved in FcγRIIIA/CD16A downmodulation when the latter was engaged. Finally, the shedding of FcγRIIIA/CD16A was restricted to activated cells, suggesting that ADAM17 acts mainly, if not exclusively, in cis. Taken together, our results demonstrated for the first time, to our knowledge, at the molecular level that ADAM17 cleaves the stalk region of FcγRIIIA/CD16A and identified its cleavage site. The shedding of FcγRIIIA/CD16A was at least partially ADAM17 dependent, and it may be considered as a marker of FcγRIIIA/CD16A-independent NK cell activation highly correlated with degranulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurie Lajoie
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 7292, Génétique, Immunothérapie, Chimie et Cancer, Université François-Rabelais de Tours, 37032 Tours Cedex, France
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35
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Hartmann M, Herrlich A, Herrlich P. Who decides when to cleave an ectodomain? Trends Biochem Sci 2013; 38:111-20. [PMID: 23298902 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2012.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Revised: 11/27/2012] [Accepted: 12/03/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Many life-essential molecules such as growth factors, cytokines, ectoenzymes, and decoy receptors are produced by ectodomain cleavage of transmembrane precursor molecules. Not surprisingly, misregulation of such essential functions is linked to numerous diseases. Ectodomain cleavage is the function of transmembrane ADAMs (a disintegrin and metalloprotease) and other membrane-bound metalloproteases, which have an extracellular catalytic domain. Almost all work on ectodomain cleavage regulation has focused on the control of enzyme activity determined by substrate cleavage as surrogate. However, the number of substrates far exceeds the number of enzymes. Specificity can therefore not be achieved by solely modulating enzyme activity. Here, we argue that specific regulatory pathways must exist to control the availability and susceptibility of substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Hartmann
- Leibniz Institute for Age Research - Fritz Lipmann Institute, Herrlich Laboratory, Beutenbergstr. 11, 07745 Jena, Germany
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36
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Aucella F, Gesuete A, Vigilante M, Prencipe M. Adsorption Dialysis: From Physical Principles to Clinical Applications. Blood Purif 2013; 35 Suppl 2:42-7. [DOI: 10.1159/000350847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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37
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Hock BD, Fernyhough LJ, Gough SM, McKenzie JL. Clinical Significance of Plasma Levels of Soluble CD40 in Patients with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4236/ojbd.2013.31001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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38
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Abstract
Proteolytic enzymes belonging to the A Disintegin And Metalloproteinase (ADAM) family are able to cleave transmembrane proteins close to the cell surface, in a process referred to as ectodomain shedding. Substrates for ADAMs include growth factors, cytokines, chemokines and adhesion molecules, and, as such, many ADAM proteins play crucial roles in cell-cell adhesion, extracellular and intracellular signaling, cell differentiation and cell proliferation. In this Review, we summarize the fascinating roles of ADAMs in embryonic and adult tissue development in both vertebrates and invertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvio Weber
- Heart Research Centre Göttingen, Universitaetsmedizin Göttingen, Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Germany
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39
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Esposito P, Rampino T, Gregorini M, Gabanti E, Bianzina S, Dal Canton A. Mechanisms underlying sCD40 production in hemodialysis patients. Cell Immunol 2012; 278:10-5. [PMID: 23121970 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2012.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2012] [Revised: 05/08/2012] [Accepted: 06/19/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
CD40 and its ligand (CD40L) regulate several cellular functions, including T and B-cell activation. The soluble form of CD40 (sCD40) antagonizes CD40/CD40L interaction. Patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD) present elevated sCD40 serum levels, which underlying molecular mechanisms are unknown. We studied sCD40 serum and urinary levels, CD40 membrane and gene expression and membrane shedding in HD, uremic not-HD patients (UR) and healthy subjects (N). We found that in HD sCD40 serum levels were higher than UR and N, being significantly elevated in anuric patients, and that sCD40 correlated to renal function in UR subjects, who presented also a reduced sCD40 urinary excretion rate. HD and UR presented reduced CD40 membrane and gene expression. The concentration of TNF-α converting enzyme (TACE), responsible for CD40 cleavage was not different between HD and N. Therefore the reduced renal clearance is the main cause of elevated sCD40 levels in HD. This finding could have relevant clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Esposito
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, and University of Pavia, Italy.
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40
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Gómez-Piña V, Martínez E, Fernández-Ruíz I, del Fresno C, Soares-Schanoski A, Jurado T, Siliceo M, Toledano V, Fernández-Palomares R, García-Rio F, Arnalich F, Biswas SK, López-Collazo E. Role of MMPs in orchestrating inflammatory response in human monocytes via a TREM-1-PI3K-NF-κB pathway. J Leukoc Biol 2012; 91:933-945. [DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0711340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACTThe MMPs constitute a family of endopeptidases that can cleavage extracellular proteins. They are involved in a number of events; some of these include inflammatory processes. One of its targets is the TREM-1, which has emerged as an important modulator of innate immune responses in mammals. This transmembrane glycoprotein possesses an Ig-like ectodomain readily shed by MMPs to generate sTREM-1. Whereas membrane-anchored TREM-1 amplifies inflammatory responses, sTREM-1 exhibits anti-inflammatory properties. Here we show that sustained cell surface expression of TREM-1 in human monocytes, through metalloproteinase inhibition, counteracts the well-characterized down-regulation of several proinflammatory cytokines during the ET time-frame, also known as M2 or alternative activation. In addition to the cytokines profile, other features of the ET phenotype were underdeveloped when TREM-1 was stabilized at the cell surface. These events were mediated by the signal transducers PI3Ks and Syk. We also show that sTREM-1 counteracts the proinflammatory response obtained by membrane TREM-1 stabilization but failed to induce ET on naïve human monocytes. As the sustained TREM-1 expression at the cell surface suffices to block the progress of a refractory state in human monocytes, our data indicate that TREM-1 and MMPs orchestrate an “adaptive” form of innate immunity by modulating the human monocytes response to endotoxin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Teresa Jurado
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, IdiPAZ , Madrid, Spain
| | - María Siliceo
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, IdiPAZ , Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - Subhra K Biswas
- Singapore Immunology Network, Biomedical Sciences Institutes , Singapore
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41
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The role of ADAM-mediated shedding in vascular biology. Eur J Cell Biol 2011; 91:472-85. [PMID: 22138087 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2011.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2011] [Revised: 07/08/2011] [Accepted: 09/08/2011] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Within the vasculature the disintegrins and metalloproteinases (ADAMs) 8, 9, 10, 12, 15, 17, 19, 28 and 33 are expressed on endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells and on leukocytes. As surface-expressed proteases they mediate cleavage of vascular surface molecules at an extracellular site close to the membrane. This process is termed shedding and leads to the release of a soluble substrate ectodomain thereby critically modulating the biological function of the substrate. In the vasculature several surface molecules undergo ADAM-mediated shedding including tumour necrosis factor (TNF) α, interleukin (IL) 6 receptor α, L-selectin, vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin, the transmembrane CX3C-chemokine ligand (CX3CL) 1, Notch, transforming growth factor (TGF) and heparin-binding epidermal growth factor (HB-EGF). These substrates play distinct roles in vascular biology by promoting inflammation, permeability changes, leukocyte recruitment, resolution of inflammation, regeneration and/or neovascularisation. Especially ADAM17 and ADAM10 are capable of cleaving many substrates with diverse function within the vasculature, whereas other ADAMs have a more restricted substrate range. Therefore, targeting ADAM17 or ADAM10 by pharmacologic inhibition or gene knockout not only attenuates the inflammatory response in animal models but also affects tissue regeneration and neovascularisation. Recent discoveries indicate that other ADAMs (e.g. ADAM8 and 9) also play important roles in vascular biology but appear to have more selective effects on vascular responses (e.g. on neovascularisation only). Although, targeting of ADAM17 and ADAM10 in inflammatory diseases is still a promising approach, temporal and spatial as well as substrate-specific inhibition approaches are required to minimise undesired side effects on vascular cells.
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42
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Bothe MK, Mundhenk L, Kaup M, Weise C, Gruber AD. The murine goblet cell protein mCLCA3 is a zinc-dependent metalloprotease with autoproteolytic activity. Mol Cells 2011; 32:535-41. [PMID: 22080371 PMCID: PMC3887686 DOI: 10.1007/s10059-011-0158-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2011] [Revised: 09/13/2011] [Accepted: 09/15/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Several members of the CLCA family of proteins, originally named chloride channels, calcium-activated, have been shown to modulate chloride conductance in various cell types via an unknown mechanism. Moreover, the human (h) hCLCA1 is thought to modulate the severity of disease in asthma and cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. All CLCA proteins are post-translationally cleaved into two subunits, and recently, a conserved HEXXH zinc-binding amino acid motif has been identified, suggesting a role for CLCA proteins as metalloproteases. Here, we have characterized the cleavage and autoproteolytic activity of the murine model protein mCLCA3, which represents the murine orthologue of human hCLCA1. Using crude membrane fractions from transfected HEK293 cells, we demonstrate that mCLCA3 cleavage is zinc-dependent and exclusively inhibited by cation-chelating metalloprotease inhibitors. Cellular transport and secretion were not affected in response to a cleavage defect that was introduced by the insertion of an E157Q mutation within the HEXXH motif of mCLCA3. Interspecies conservation of these key results was further confirmed with the porcine (p) orthologue of hCLCA1 and mCLCA3, pCLCA1. Importantly, the mCLCA3E157Q mutant was cleaved after co-transfection with the wild-type mCLCA3 in HEK293 cells, suggesting that an intermolecular autoproteolytic event takes place. Edman degradation and MALDI-TOF-MS of the protein fragments identified a single cleavage site in mCLCA3 between amino acids 695 and 696. The data strongly suggest that secreted CLCA proteins have zinc-dependent autoproteolytic activity and that they may cleave additional proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Matthias Kaup
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Charité Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph Weise
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Germany
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43
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Lorente E, García R, López D. Allele-dependent processing pathways generate the endogenous human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I peptide repertoire in transporters associated with antigen processing (TAP)-deficient cells. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:38054-38059. [PMID: 21914809 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.281808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The transporters associated with antigen processing (TAP) allow the supply of peptides derived from the cytosol to translocate to the endoplasmic reticulum, where they complex with nascent human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I molecules. However, infected and tumor cells with TAP molecules blocked or individuals with nonfunctional TAP complexes are able to present HLA class I ligands generated by TAP-independent processing pathways. These peptides are detected by the CD8(+) lymphocyte cellular response. Here, the generation of the overall peptide repertoire associated with four different HLA class I molecules in TAP-deficient cells was studied. Using different protease inhibitors, four different proteolytic specificities were identified. These data demonstrate the different allele-dependent complex processing pathways involved in the generation of the HLA class I peptide repertoire in TAP-deficient cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Lorente
- Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220 Majadahonda (Madrid), Spain
| | - Ruth García
- Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220 Majadahonda (Madrid), Spain
| | - Daniel López
- Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220 Majadahonda (Madrid), Spain.
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Esposito P, Dal Canton A. CD40/CD40L and cardiovascular risk in patients on haemodialysis: a role for soluble CD40? Nephrol Dial Transplant 2011; 26:2414-5; author reply 2415-6. [PMID: 21565946 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfr227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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45
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Desideri G, Panichi V, Ghiadoni L. Reply. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2011. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfr231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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46
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Torabi-Rahvar M, Bozorgmehr M, Jeddi-Tehrani M, Zarnani AH. Potentiation strategies of dendritic cell-based antitumor vaccines: combinational therapy takes the front seat. Drug Discov Today 2011; 16:733-40. [PMID: 21558016 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2011.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2010] [Revised: 03/01/2011] [Accepted: 04/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Despite recent attempts to take advantage of dendritic cell (DC)-based vaccines for cancer immunotherapy, the results of clinical studies have been disappointing. This is mainly as a result of the diverse immune escape mechanisms used by the tumor together with the insufficient ability of DCs to mount an effective immune response against these mechanisms. In this regard, several approaches have been devised to improve the efficacy of DC-based vaccines. However, the application of each individual approach per se might not be sufficient to overwhelm the diverse immune escape mechanisms. In this review, we focus on current strategies for the ex vivo potentiation of DC-based vaccines, with an emphasis on combinational therapy methods as a promising alternative for tumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monireh Torabi-Rahvar
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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47
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The mouse cytomegalovirus glycoprotein m155 inhibits CD40 expression and restricts CD4 T cell responses. J Virol 2011; 85:5208-12. [PMID: 21411536 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02178-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytomegaloviruses (CMV) utilize a variety of immunomodulatory strategies to facilitate the establishment of lifelong persistence in their infected hosts. We show that the mouse CMV (MCMV) m155 open reading frame (ORF) is required for the posttranscriptional inhibition of CD40 expression in infected antigen-presenting cells. Consistent with the known importance of CD40-mediated costimulation of T cells, a m155-deficient virus induces enhanced MCMV epitope-specific CD4 T cell responses.
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48
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Narayanan P, Lapteva N, Seethammagari M, Levitt JM, Slawin KM, Spencer DM. A composite MyD88/CD40 switch synergistically activates mouse and human dendritic cells for enhanced antitumor efficacy. J Clin Invest 2011; 121:1524-34. [PMID: 21383499 DOI: 10.1172/jci44327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2010] [Accepted: 01/12/2011] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The in vivo therapeutic efficacy of DC-based cancer vaccines is limited by suboptimal DC maturation protocols. Although delivery of TLR adjuvants systemically boosts DC-based cancer vaccine efficacy, it could also increase toxicity. Here, we have engineered a drug-inducible, composite activation receptor for DCs (referred to herein as DC-CAR) comprising the TLR adaptor MyD88, the CD40 cytoplasmic region, and 2 ligand-binding FKBP12 domains. Administration of a lipid-permeant dimerizing ligand (AP1903) induced oligomerization and activation of this fusion protein, which we termed iMyD88/CD40. AP1903 administration to vaccinated mice enabled prolonged and targeted activation of iMyD88/CD40-modified DCs. Compared with conventionally matured DCs, AP1903-activated iMyD88/CD40-DCs had increased activation of proinflammatory MAPKs. AP1903-activated iMyD88/CD40-transduced human or mouse DCs also produced higher levels of Th1 cytokines, showed improved migration in vivo, and enhanced both antigen-specific CD8+ T cell responses and innate NK cell responses. Furthermore, treatment with AP1903 in vaccinated mice led to robust antitumor immunity against preestablished E.G7-OVA lymphomas and aggressive B16.F10 tumors. Thus, the iMyD88/CD40 unified "switch" effectively and safely replaced exogenous adjuvant cocktails, allowing remote and sustained DC activation in vivo. DC "licensing" through iMyD88/CD40 may represent a mechanism by which to exploit the natural synergy between the TLR and CD40 signaling pathways in DCs using a single small molecule drug and could augment the efficacy of antitumor DC-based vaccines.
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49
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Fagerer N, Kullich W. [Adipocytokines in rheumatoid arthritis and obesity]. Wien Med Wochenschr 2011; 160:391-8. [PMID: 20812050 DOI: 10.1007/s10354-010-0808-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2009] [Accepted: 05/05/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
In obese rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients inflammatory mechanisms and cardiovascular secondary disorders are possibly related to changed expression of adipocytokines. Various adipocytokines and inflammatory parameters were examined in 112 patients (23.2% men; 76.8% women) suffering from RA: leptin, adiponectin, visfatin, sCD40 L, CRP, and ESR. Average BMI was 27.6 (+/-5.6). Leptin and BMI as well as visfatin and BMI correlated positively, BMI and adiponectin, however, showed a negative correlation. Significant differences between normal-weight and obese RA patients were found in both leptin and adiponectin measurements. Visfatin showed a positive correlation with CRP; sCD40 ligand which is a marker for increased T-cell activity correlated with CRP and ESR. Patients with low adiponectin levels (<10 microg/ml) more often suffered from cardiovascular diseases (28.6%) than those with enhanced adiponectin (14.3%). Increased pro-inflammatory leptin and decreased anti-inflammatory adiponectin in obese RA patients can be associated with RA activity and enhanced cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Fagerer
- Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster für Rheumatologie, Balneologie und Rehabilitation, Ludwig Boltzmann Institut für Rehabilitation interner Erkrankungen, Saalfelden, Austria
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50
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Hayashida K, Bartlett AH, Chen Y, Park PW. Molecular and cellular mechanisms of ectodomain shedding. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2010; 293:925-37. [PMID: 20503387 DOI: 10.1002/ar.20757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The extracellular domain of several membrane-anchored proteins is released from the cell surface as soluble proteins through a regulated proteolytic mechanism called ectodomain shedding. Cells use ectodomain shedding to actively regulate the expression and function of surface molecules, and modulate a wide variety of cellular and physiological processes. Ectodomain shedding rapidly converts membrane-associated proteins into soluble effectors and, at the same time, rapidly reduces the level of cell surface expression. For some proteins, ectodomain shedding is also a prerequisite for intramembrane proteolysis, which liberates the cytoplasmic domain of the affected molecule and associated signaling factors to regulate transcription. Ectodomain shedding is a process that is highly regulated by specific agonists, antagonists, and intracellular signaling pathways. Moreover, only about 2% of cell surface proteins are released from the surface by ectodomain shedding, indicating that cells selectively shed their protein ectodomains. This review will describe the molecular and cellular mechanisms of ectodomain shedding, and discuss its major functions in lung development and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazutaka Hayashida
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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