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Li X, Sun H, Zhang L, Liang H, Zhang B, Yang J, Peng X, Sun J, Zhou Y, Zhai M, Jiang L, Zhu H, Duan W. GDF15 attenuates sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction by inhibiting cardiomyocytes ferroptosis via the SOCS1/GPX4 signaling pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2024:176894. [PMID: 39147013 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 08/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory response syndrome triggered by infection, presenting with symptoms such as fever, increased heart rate, and low blood pressure. In severe cases, it can lead to multiple organ dysfunction, posing a life-threatening risk. Sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy (SIC) is a critical factor in the poor prognosis of septic patients, leading to myocardial dysfunction characterized by cell death, inflammation, and diminished cardiac function. Ferroptosis, an iron-dependent form of programmed cell death, is a key mechanism causing cardiomyocyte damage in SIC. Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15), a member of the TGF-β superfamily, is associated with various cardiovascular diseases and can inhibit oxidative stress, reduce reactive oxygen species (ROS), and suppress ferroptosis. Elevated serum GDF15 levels in sepsis are correlated with organ injuries, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic target. However, its role and mechanisms in SIC remain unclear. Glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), the only enzyme capable of reducing lipid peroxides within cells, protects cells by reducing lipid peroxidation levels and inhibiting ferroptosis. Investigating the regulatory factors of GPX4 may provide a theoretical basis for SIC treatment. In this study, a mouse SIC model revealed that elevated GDF15 exerts a protective effect. Antagonizing GDF15 exacerbates myocardial damage. Through transcriptomic analysis and other methods, we confirmed that GDF15 inhibits the expression of SOCS1 by activating the ALK5-SMAD2/3 pathway, thereby activates the JAK2/STAT3 pathway, promotes the transcription of GPX4, inhibits ferroptosis in cardiomyocytes, and plays a myocardial protective role in SIC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiayun Li
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China; Department of Cardiovascular Surgercy, Xijing Hospital, The Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - He Sun
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgercy, Xijing Hospital, The Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Liyun Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgercy, Xijing Hospital, The Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Hongliang Liang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgercy, Xijing Hospital, The Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China; Department of Surgery, The 954th Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Shannan 856100, China
| | - Jiachang Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgercy, Xijing Hospital, The Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Xiangyan Peng
- School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Jingwei Sun
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgercy, Xijing Hospital, The Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Mengen Zhai
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgercy, Xijing Hospital, The Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Liqing Jiang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgercy, Xijing Hospital, The Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
| | - Hanzhao Zhu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgercy, Xijing Hospital, The Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
| | - Weixun Duan
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgercy, Xijing Hospital, The Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
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Dudley-Fraser J, Rittinger K. It's a TRIM-endous view from the top: the varied roles of TRIpartite Motif proteins in brain development and disease. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1287257. [PMID: 38115822 PMCID: PMC10728303 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1287257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The tripartite motif (TRIM) protein family members have been implicated in a multitude of physiologies and pathologies in different tissues. With diverse functions in cellular processes including regulation of signaling pathways, protein degradation, and transcriptional control, the impact of TRIM dysregulation can be multifaceted and complex. Here, we focus on the cellular and molecular roles of TRIMs identified in the brain in the context of a selection of pathologies including cancer and neurodegeneration. By examining each disease in parallel with described roles in brain development, we aim to highlight fundamental common mechanisms employed by TRIM proteins and identify opportunities for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Dudley-Fraser
- Molecular Structure of Cell Signalling Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Katrin Rittinger
- Molecular Structure of Cell Signalling Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
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Qin H, Chen J, Bouchekioua-Bouzaghou K, Meng YM, Griera JB, Jiang X, Kong X, Wang M, Xu Q, Wong PP. Immunization with a multi-antigen targeted DNA vaccine eliminates chemoresistant pancreatic cancer by disrupting tumor-stromal cell crosstalk. J Transl Med 2023; 21:702. [PMID: 37814317 PMCID: PMC10561406 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04519-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is characterised by limited responses to chemoimmunotherapy attributed to highly desmoplastic tumor microenvironment. Disrupting the tumor-stromal cell crosstalk is considered as an improved PDAC treatment strategy, whereas little progress has been made due to poor understanding of its underlying mechanism. Here, we examined the cellular role of melanoma associated antigen A isoforms (MAGEA) in regulating tumor-stromal crosstalk mediated chemoresistance. METHODS We used clinical samples to explore the correlation between MAGEA expression and patient prognosis in multiple cancers. We utilized cancer cell lines, patient derived organoids and orthotopic PDAC model to examine the function of MAGEA in chemoresistance. We performed biochemical, proteome profiler array and transcriptional analysis to uncover a mechanism that governs tumor-stromal crosstalk. We developed a multi-MAGEA antigen targeted DNA vaccine and tested its effect on PDAC tumor growth. RESULTS We establish MAGEA as a regulator of the tumor-stromal crosstalk in PDAC. We provide strong clinical evidence indicating that high MAGEA expression, including MAGEA2, MAGEA3 and MAGEA10, correlates with worse chemotherapeutic response and poor prognosis in multiple cancers, while their expression is up-regulated in chemoresistant PDAC patient derived organoids and cancer cell lines. Mechanistically, MAGEA2 prohibits gemcitabine-induced JNK-c-Jun-p53 mediated cancer cell apoptosis, while gemcitabine stimulated pancreatic stellate cells secretes GDF15 to further enhance the gemcitabine resistance of MAGEA2 expressing cells by activating GFRAL-RET mediated Akt and ERK1/2 dependent survival pathway. Strikingly, immunization with a DNA vaccine that targeting multiple MAGEA antigens, including MAGEA2, MAGEA3 and MAGEA10, elicits robust immune responses against the growth of gemcitabine resistant tumors. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that targeting MAGEA-mediated paracrine regulation of chemoresistance by immunotherapy can be an improved pancreatic cancer treatment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongquan Qin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Jiali Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Katia Bouchekioua-Bouzaghou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Ya-Ming Meng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases; Guangdong Provincial Clinical Reserach Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology; Guangdong-HongKong-Macao Greater Bay Area Higher Education Joint Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China
- Key Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jordi Bach Griera
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Xue Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Xiangzhan Kong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Minghui Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Qiuping Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
- Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
| | - Ping-Pui Wong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
- Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
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He J, Zhou M, Zhao F, Cheng H, Huang H, Xu X, Han J, Hong W, Wang F, Xiao Y, Xia J, Liu K. FGF-21 and GDF-15 are increased in migraine and associated with the severity of migraine-related disability. J Headache Pain 2023; 24:28. [PMID: 36935492 PMCID: PMC10026504 DOI: 10.1186/s10194-023-01563-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Migraine is a prevalent disorder with significant socioeconomic impact. The impairment of metabolic homeostasis in migraine warrants further investigation. Changes in serum levels of Fibroblast-growth-factor 21 (FGF-21) and Growth-differentiation-factor 15 (GDF-15) are characteristic of some metabolic and mitochondrial diseases. This study aimed to assess whether the presence of migraine affects serum levels of FGF-21 and GDF-15, and taking metabolic disorders into account as potential confounding factors. METHODS We collected serum samples from 221 migraine patients (153 episodic migraineurs and 68 chronic migraineurs) and 124 healthy controls. The serum concentrations of FGF-21 and GDF-15 were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) based approach. Clinical variables, including monthly headache days, peak headache pain intensity, the 6-item Headache Impact Test (HIT-6), and the Migraine Disability Assessment (MIDAS), were also addressed. The associations between the clinical variables of migraine patients and serum levels of FGF-21 and GDF-15 were studied. RESULTS In the multiple regression that corrected for age, we found that the serum levels of FGF-21 and GDF-15 were significantly higher in migraine sufferers than in healthy controls. A significant elevation in serum concentration of FGF-21, but not GDF-15, was observed in patients with chronic migraine (CM) compared to those with episodic migraine (EM). Regarding migraine-related disability, higher scores on the HIT-6 and MIDAS were associated with higher levels of FGF-21 and GDF-15. For the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, the diagnosis of migraine using GDF-15 showed that the area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0.801 and the AUC of chronic migraine was 0.880. CONCLUSION Serum GDF-15 and FGF-21 levels are increased in patients with migraine and associated with the severity of migraine-related disability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui He
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mengting Zhou
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fanglin Zhao
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hongrong Cheng
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hao Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaopei Xu
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jian Han
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Shaoxing University, No 999 Zhongxingnan Road, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenwu Hong
- Department of Neurology, Tiantai People's Hospital of Zhejiang Province, No 1 Kangning Middle Road, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Faming Wang
- Department of Neurology, Tiantai People's Hospital of Zhejiang Province, No 1 Kangning Middle Road, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yujin Xiao
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University Affiliated Jiaxing TCM Hospital, 1501 East Zhongshan Road, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jinjin Xia
- Department of Neurology, Changxing People's Hospital of Zhejiang Province, No 66 Taihu Middle Road, Changxing, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kaiming Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Jeon H, Kim HJ, Doo HM, Chang EH, Kwak G, Mo WM, Jang SY, Lee MW, Choi BO, Hong YB. Cytokines secreted by mesenchymal stem cells reduce demyelination in an animal model of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 597:1-7. [PMID: 35121177 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.01.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Demyelinating Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) is caused by mutations in the genes that encode myelinating proteins or their transcription factors. Our study thus sought to assess the therapeutic effects of cytokines secreted from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on this disease. METHODS The therapeutic potential of Wharton's jelly MSCs (WJ-MSCs) and cytokines secreted by WJ-MSCs was evaluated on Schwann cells (SCs) exhibiting demyelination features, as well as a mouse model of demyelinating CMT. RESULTS Co-culture with WJ-MSC protected PMP22-overexpressing SCs from apoptotic cell death. Using a cytokine array, the secretion of growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) and amphiregulin (AREG) was found to be elevated in WJ-MSCs when co-incubated with the PMP22-overexpressing SCs. Administration of both cytokines into trembler-J (Tr-J) mice, an animal model of CMT, significantly enhanced motor nerve conduction velocity compared to the control group. More importantly, this treatment alleviated the demyelinating phenotype of Tr-J mice, as demonstrated by an improvement in the mean diameter and g-ratio of the myelinated axons. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrated that WJ-MSCs alleviate the demyelinating phenotype of CMT via the secretion of several cytokines. Further elucidation of the underlying mechanisms of GDF-15 and AREG in myelination might provide a robust basis for the development of effective therapies against demyelinating CMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeonjin Jeon
- Department of Translational Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Dong-A University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Hye Jin Kim
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, 06351, South Korea
| | - Hyun Myung Doo
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, 06351, South Korea
| | - Eun Hyuk Chang
- Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics Co, Ltd, Seoul, 06351, South Korea
| | - Geon Kwak
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, 06351, South Korea
| | - Won Min Mo
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, 06351, South Korea
| | - So Young Jang
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan, 49201, South Korea
| | | | - Byung-Ok Choi
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, 06351, South Korea; Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, 06351, South Korea.
| | - Young Bin Hong
- Department of Translational Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Dong-A University, Busan, South Korea; Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan, 49201, South Korea.
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Conte M, Giuliani C, Chiariello A, Iannuzzi V, Franceschi C, Salvioli S. GDF15, an emerging key player in human aging. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 75:101569. [PMID: 35051643 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) is recently emerging not only as a stress-related mitokine, but also as a key player in the aging process, being one of the most up-regulated protein with age and associated with a variety of age-related diseases (ARDs). Many data indicate that GDF15 has protective roles in several tissues during different stress and aging, thus playing a beneficial role in apparent contrast with the observed association with many ARDs. A possible detrimental role for this protein is then hypothesized to emerge with age. Therefore, GDF15 can be considered as a pleiotropic factor with beneficial activities that can turn detrimental in old age possibly when it is chronically elevated. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the biology of GDF15 during aging. We also propose GDF15 as a part of a dormancy program, where it may play a role as a mediator of defense processes aimed to protect from inflammatory damage and other stresses, according to the life history theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Conte
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Interdepartmental Centre "Alma Mater Research Institute on Global Challenges and Climate Change (Alma Climate)", University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Cristina Giuliani
- Interdepartmental Centre "Alma Mater Research Institute on Global Challenges and Climate Change (Alma Climate)", University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Laboratory of Molecular Anthropology & Centre for Genome Biology, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Antonio Chiariello
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Iannuzzi
- Laboratory of Molecular Anthropology & Centre for Genome Biology, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudio Franceschi
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Institute of Information Technologies, Mathematics and Mechanics, Lobachevsky University, Nizhniy Novgorod, Russia
| | - Stefano Salvioli
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Interdepartmental Centre "Alma Mater Research Institute on Global Challenges and Climate Change (Alma Climate)", University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Aguilar-Recarte D, Barroso E, Gumà A, Pizarro-Delgado J, Peña L, Ruart M, Palomer X, Wahli W, Vázquez-Carrera M. GDF15 mediates the metabolic effects of PPARβ/δ by activating AMPK. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109501. [PMID: 34380027 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor β/δ (PPARβ/δ) activates AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and plays a crucial role in glucose and lipid metabolism. Here, we examine whether PPARβ/δ activation effects depend on growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15), a stress response cytokine that regulates energy metabolism. Pharmacological PPARβ/δ activation increases GDF15 levels and ameliorates glucose intolerance, fatty acid oxidation, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and inflammation, and activates AMPK in HFD-fed mice, whereas these effects are abrogated by the injection of a GDF15 neutralizing antibody and in Gdf15-/- mice. The AMPK-p53 pathway is involved in the PPARβ/δ-mediated increase in GDF15, which in turn activates again AMPK. Consistently, Gdf15-/- mice show reduced AMPK activation in skeletal muscle, whereas GDF15 administration results in AMPK activation in this organ. Collectively, these data reveal a mechanism by which PPARβ/δ activation increases GDF15 levels via AMPK and p53, which in turn mediates the metabolic effects of PPARβ/δ by sustaining AMPK activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Aguilar-Recarte
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Pediatric Research Institute-Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Emma Barroso
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Pediatric Research Institute-Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Anna Gumà
- Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Pizarro-Delgado
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Pediatric Research Institute-Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Lucía Peña
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Pediatric Research Institute-Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Maria Ruart
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Pediatric Research Institute-Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Xavier Palomer
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Pediatric Research Institute-Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Walter Wahli
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore 308232, Singapore; ToxAlim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), INRAE, UMR1331, 31300 Toulouse Cedex, France
| | - Manuel Vázquez-Carrera
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Pediatric Research Institute-Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain.
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Verhamme FM, Freeman CM, Brusselle GG, Bracke KR, Curtis JL. GDF-15 in Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2020; 60:621-628. [PMID: 30633545 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2018-0379tr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
GDF-15 (growth differentiation factor 15) acts both as a stress-induced cytokine with diverse actions at different body sites and as a cell-autonomous regulator linked to cellular senescence and apoptosis. For multiple reasons, this divergent transforming growth factor-β molecular superfamily member should be better known to pulmonary researchers and clinicians. In ambulatory individuals, GDF-15 concentrations in peripheral blood are an established predictive biomarker of all-cause mortality and of adverse cardiovascular events. Concentrations upon admission of critically ill patients (without or with sepsis) correlate with organ dysfunction and independently predict short- and long-term mortality risk. GDF-15 is a major downstream mediator of p53 activation, but it can also be induced independently of p53, notably by nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agents. GDF-15 blood concentrations are markedly elevated in adults and children with pulmonary hypertension. Concentrations are also increased in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, in which they contribute to mucus hypersecretion, airway epithelial cell senescence, and impaired antiviral defenses, which together with murine data support a role for GDF-15 in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease pathogenesis and progression. This review summarizes biological and clinical data on GDF-15 relevant to pulmonary and critical care medicine. We highlight the recent discovery of a central nervous system receptor for GDF-15, GFRAL (glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor family receptor-α-like), an important advance with potential for novel treatments for obesity and cachexia. We also describe limitations and controversies in the existing literature, and we delineate research questions that must be addressed to determine whether GDF-15 can be therapeutically manipulated in other clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fien M Verhamme
- 1 Department of Respiratory Medicine, Laboratory for Translational Research in Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Christine M Freeman
- 2 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, and.,3 Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,4 VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, Michigan; and
| | - Guy G Brusselle
- 1 Department of Respiratory Medicine, Laboratory for Translational Research in Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.,5 Department of Epidemiology and.,6 Department of Respiratory Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ken R Bracke
- 1 Department of Respiratory Medicine, Laboratory for Translational Research in Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jeffrey L Curtis
- 2 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, and.,3 Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,4 VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, Michigan; and
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Xing S, Li H, Pi Y, Zeng T, Huang Q, Ou G, Xue N. Plasma Macrophage Inhibitory Cytokine-1 as a Complement of Epstein-Barr Virus Related Markers in Identifying Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2020; 19:1533033820956991. [PMID: 33025864 PMCID: PMC7545764 DOI: 10.1177/1533033820956991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: We evaluated the diagnostic value of plasma Macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1 (MIC-1) in distinguishing patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and explored its complementary role with widely used Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) related markers, EBV capsid antigen-specific IgA (VCA-IgA) and EBV copy number. Methods: ELISA was used to analyze the plasma MIC-1 levels in 190 NPC patients, 72 VCA-IgA-positive healthy donors (VP), and 219 normal subjects with negative VCA-IgA (VN). 10 pairs of plasma samples before and after radiotherapy were also included. Results: The plasma MIC-1 levels were significantly higher in NPC patients (Median: 678.39 ng/mL) than those in VN and VP (310.29 and 294.59, p < 0.001). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves of the MIC-1 concentrations revealed that the area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0.790 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.748-0.832), with a sensitivity of 63.7%, and a specificity of 85.9% respectively, for distinguishing NPC patients from the healthy donors. Similarly, between NPC and VP, ROC was 0.796 (0.738-0.853) with sensitivity of 63.7%, and specificity of 88.9%. In addition, between NPC and VN, ROC was 0.788(0.744-0.832) with sensitivity of 63.7%, and specificity of 84.9%. Further, we found that MIC-1 could complement VCA-IgA and EBV DNA markers, with a negative rate of 88.9% in VCA-IgA-positive healthy controls, and a positive rate of 59.0% in EBV DNA negative NPC patients, respectively. Also, the MIC-1 plasma concentration dropped significantly after radiotherapy ( p = 0.027). Conclusions: MIC-1 can complement VCA-IgA titers and EBV DNA copy number tests in NPC detection, improve identification of EBV DNA-negative NPC patients, and distinguish NPC from VCA -IgA positive healthy controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Xing
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huilan Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yingqi Pi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tao Zeng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qi Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guoping Ou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ning Xue
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Tumor Hospital, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
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10
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QIAO X, LIU J, HUA R, ZHUO X. [GDF-15 in plasma and circulating mononuclear cells and NT-proBNP for diagnosis of chronic heart failure and predicting cardiovascular disease events]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2019; 39:1273-1279. [PMID: 31852642 PMCID: PMC6926092 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2019.11.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the diagnostic value of plasma growth and differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) level, GDF-15 mRNA expression in circulating mononuclear cells (MNCs), and plasma pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) level for heart failure in patients with different underlying cardiac diseases, namely dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and coronary artery heart disease (CAD), and assess their value in predicting the severity of heart failure and long-term cardiovascular disease (CVD) events. METHODS Fasting venous blood samples were collected from 261 patients with DCM and 251 patients with CAD admitted in our hospital between January, 2018 and January, 2019, with 132 healthy individuals serving as the control group. The plasma level of GDF-15 was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the expression of GDF-15 mRNA in the MNCs was measured by real-time PCR. We also analyzed the expression of GDF-15 in patients with different NYHA classes, and the ROC curve was used to evaluate the predictive power of GDF-15 mRNA for CVD events. RESULTS The plasma levels of GDF-15 and GDF-15 mRNA in the MNCs were significantly higher in patients with DCM and CAD than in the control group (P < 0.01). Plasma GDF-15 levels were significantly higher in NYHA class Ⅳ patients than in class Ⅱ and Ⅲ patients, and GDF-15 mRNA expressions in the MNCs were much higher in class Ⅲ and Ⅳ patients than class Ⅱ patients (P < 0.01). ROC curve analysis showed that for predicting CVD events, the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.73 (95% CI: 0.69-0.77, P < 0.001) for NT-proBNP alone, as compared with 0.83 (95% CI: 0.79-0.86, P < 0.001) for GDF-15 mRNA in the MNCs combined with NT-proBNP. CONCLUSIONS Plasma GDF-15 level and GDF-15 mRNA expression level in the MNSc can both be used as biomarkers for heart failure. Plasma level of GDF-15 is more sensitive for predicting NYHA class Ⅳ patients with heart failure, while GDF-15 mRNA level in the MNCs better predicts class Ⅱ patients. The combination of NT-proBNP with GDF-15 mRNAlevel in the MNCs can more accurately predict the risk of long-term CVD events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangrui QIAO
- Cardiovascular Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China西安交通大学第一附属医院 心血管内科,陕西 西安 710061
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an 710061, China教育部环境与疾病相关基因重点实验 室,陕西 西安 710061
| | - Junhui LIU
- Cardiovascular Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China西安交通大学第一附属医院 心血管内科,陕西 西安 710061
- Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China西安交通大学第一附属医院 检验科,陕西 西安 710061
| | - Rui HUA
- Cardiovascular Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China西安交通大学第一附属医院 心血管内科,陕西 西安 710061
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an 710061, China教育部环境与疾病相关基因重点实验 室,陕西 西安 710061
| | - Xiaozhen ZHUO
- Cardiovascular Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China西安交通大学第一附属医院 心血管内科,陕西 西安 710061
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an 710061, China教育部环境与疾病相关基因重点实验 室,陕西 西安 710061
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11
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Hassanpour Golakani M, Mohammad MG, Li H, Gamble J, Breit SN, Ruitenberg MJ, Brown DA. MIC-1/GDF15 Overexpression Is Associated with Increased Functional Recovery in Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury. J Neurotrauma 2019; 36:3410-3421. [PMID: 31232176 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2019.6421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) has devastating consequences, with limited therapeutic options; therefore, improving its functional outcome is a major goal. The outcome of SCI is contributed to by neuroinflammation, which may be a target for improved recovery and quality of life after injury. Macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1/growth differentiation factor 15 (MIC-1/GDF15) has been identified as a potential novel therapy for central nervous system (CNS) injury because it is an immune regulatory cytokine with neurotrophic properties. Here we used MIC-1/GDF15 knockout (KO) and overexpressing/transgenic (Tg) and wild type (WT) animals to explore its putative therapeutic benefits in a mouse model of contusive SCI. MIC-1/GDF15 Tg mice had superior locomotor recovery and reduced secondary tissue loss at 28 days compared with their KO and WT counterparts. Overexpression of MIC-1/GDF15 coincided with increased expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1)/C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 2 (CCL2) at the lesion site (28 days post-SCI) and enhanced recruitment of inflammatory cells to the injured spinal cord. This inflammatory cellular infiltrate included an increased frequency of macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs) that mostly preceded recruitment of cluster of differentiation (CD)4+ and CD8+ T cells. Collectively, our findings suggest hat MIC-1/GDF15 is associated with beneficial changes in the clinical course of SCI that are characterized by altered post-injury inflammation and improved functional outcome. Further investigation of MIC-1/GDF15 as a novel therapeutic target for traumatic SCI appears warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Hassanpour Golakani
- St. Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical Research (AMR), St Vincent's Hospital and University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,The Neuroinflammation Research Group, Centre for Immunology and Allergy Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mohammad G Mohammad
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences and Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Hui Li
- St. Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical Research (AMR), St Vincent's Hospital and University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,The Neuroinflammation Research Group, Centre for Immunology and Allergy Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Joanne Gamble
- The Neuroinflammation Research Group, Centre for Immunology and Allergy Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Samuel N Breit
- St. Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical Research (AMR), St Vincent's Hospital and University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Marc J Ruitenberg
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - David A Brown
- St. Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical Research (AMR), St Vincent's Hospital and University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,The Neuroinflammation Research Group, Centre for Immunology and Allergy Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Immunopathology, Institute for Clinical Pathology and Medical Research-New South Wales Health Pathology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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12
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Tocotrienol-Rich Fraction (TRF) Treatment Promotes Proliferation Capacity of Stress-Induced Premature Senescence Myoblasts and Modulates the Renewal of Satellite Cells: Microarray Analysis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:9141343. [PMID: 30774750 PMCID: PMC6350575 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9141343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Human skeletal muscle is a vital organ involved in movement and force generation. It suffers from deterioration in mass, strength, and regenerative capacity in sarcopenia. Skeletal muscle satellite cells are involved in the regeneration process in response to muscle loss. Tocotrienol, an isomer of vitamin E, was reported to have a protective effect on cellular aging. This research is aimed at determining the modulation of tocotrienol-rich fraction (TRF) on the gene expressions of stress-induced premature senescence (SIPS) human skeletal muscle myoblasts (CHQ5B). CHQ5B cells were divided into three groups, i.e., untreated young control, SIPS control (treated with 1 mM hydrogen peroxide), and TRF-posttreated groups (24 hours of 50 μg/mL TRF treatment after SIPS induction). The differential gene expressions were assessed using microarray, GSEA, and KEGG pathway analysis. Results showed that TRF treatment significantly regulated the gene expressions, i.e., p53 (RRM2B, SESN1), ErbB (EREG, SHC1, and SHC3), and FoxO (MSTN, SMAD3) signalling pathways in the SIPS myoblasts compared to the SIPS control group (p < 0.05). TRF treatment modulated the proliferation capacity of SIPS myoblasts through regulation of ErbB (upregulation of expression of EREG, SHC1, and SHC3) and FoxO (downregulation of expression of MSTN and SMAD3) and maintaining the renewal of satellite cells through p53 signalling (upregulation of RRM2B and SESN1), MRF, cell cycle, and Wnt signalling pathways.
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13
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Elevated serum growth differentiation factor 15 levels are associated with thyroid nodules in type 2 diabetes aged over 60 years. Oncotarget 2018; 8:41379-41386. [PMID: 28489602 PMCID: PMC5522289 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to investigate whether serum growth differentiation factor 15 is associated with thyroid nodules in type 2 diabetes. We recruited 723 type 2 diabetic patients aged over 30 years who attended the clinic of Endocrinology of Xinhua Hospital from January 2013 to January 2015. Thyroid nodule was diagnosed by thyroid ultrasonographic examination. Serum growth differentiation factor 15, thyroid function, thyroid autoantibodies, thyroglobulin and other biochemical indicators were measured and compared between thyroid nodule positive and negative groups. We found that overall, serum growth differentiation factor 15 levels were significantly higher in subjects with thyroid nodules compared with nodule negative subjects (181.76±98.49 pg/ml vs. 162.32±83.63 pg/ml, p<0.05), and this was influenced by age. In the patients over 60 years, this difference became more significant (211.23±103.66 pg/ml vs. 177.38±85.51 pg/ml, p<0.01), but in patients under 60 years, there was no difference between the two groups. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that serum growth differentiation factor 15 levels were independently associated with thyroid nodule in diabetic patients over 60 years (P <0.001). After multiple adjustments, the odds ratios were substantially higher for thyroid nodule (odds ratio 2.63, 95% confidence interval 1.30-5.13, p<0.01) in the highest growth differentiation factor 15 quartile compared to those in the lowest quartile in patients over 60 years. In conclusion, serum growth differentiation factor 15 is increased significantly in subjects with thyroid nodules in type 2 diabetic patients aged over 60 years.
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14
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Nakamura Y, Ohsawa I, Goto Y, Namba H, Dodo Y, Tsuji M, Kiuchi Y, Inagaki M, Gotoh H. The Impact of Human Parvovirus B19 Infection on Heart Failure and Anemia with Reference to Iron Metabolism Markers in an Adult Woman. Intern Med 2018; 57:403-407. [PMID: 29093386 PMCID: PMC5827324 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.8809-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A 35-year-old woman with fever, edema and rash was admitted. Pleural effusion and cardiomegaly were observed. A laboratory analysis revealed anemia with iron deficiency and elevated human parvovirus B19 (B19V) immunoglobulin M. The patient's hepcidin-25 and erythroferrone levels were not elevated compared to those observed later in her clinical course. On the other hand, her growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) levels were elevated. She was diagnosed to have heart failure symptoms and anemia with specific iron metabolism abnormalities due to a B19V infection. After providing supportive treatment, the heart failure symptoms disappeared and her anemia had improved. This case emphasizes the need to include a B19V infection in the differential diagnosis when we encounter cases demonstrating reversible heart failure with anemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Nakamura
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saiyu Soka Hospital, Japan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Showa University, Japan
| | - Isao Ohsawa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saiyu Soka Hospital, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Goto
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saiyu Soka Hospital, Japan
| | - Hokuto Namba
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Showa University, Japan
| | - Yusuke Dodo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Showa University, Japan
| | - Mayumi Tsuji
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Showa University, Japan
| | - Yuji Kiuchi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Showa University, Japan
| | - Masahiro Inagaki
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Showa University, Japan
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15
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Rivera-Carvantes MC, Jarero-Basulto JJ, Feria-Velasco AI, Beas-Zárate C, Navarro-Meza M, González-López MB, Gudiño-Cabrera G, García-Rodríguez JC. Changes in the expression level of MAPK pathway components induced by monosodium glutamate-administration produce neuronal death in the hippocampus from neonatal rats. Neuroscience 2017; 365:57-69. [PMID: 28954212 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Excessive Glutamate (Glu) release may trigger excitotoxic cellular death by the activation of intracellular signaling pathways that transduce extracellular signals to the cell nucleus, which determines the onset of a death program. One such signaling pathway is the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), which is involved in both survival and cell death. Experimental evidences from the use of specific inhibitors supports the participation of some MAPK pathway components in the excitotoxicity mechanism, but the complete process of this activation, which terminates in cell damage and death, is not clearly understood. The present work, we investigated the changes in the expression level of some MAPK-pathway components in hippocampal excitotoxic cell death in the neonatal rats using an experimental model of subcutaneous monosodium glutamate (MSG) administration on postnatal days (PD) 1, 3, 5 and 7. Data were collected at different ages through PD 14. Cell viability was evaluated using fluorescein diacetate mixed with propidium iodide (FDA-PI), and the Nissl-staining technique was used to evaluate histological damage. Transcriptional changes were also investigated in 98 components of the MAPK pathway that are associated with cell damage. These results are an evidence of that repetitive use of MSG, in neonatal rats, induces cell damage-associated transcriptional changes of MAPK components, that might reflect a differential stage of both biochemical and molecular brain maturation. This work also suggests that some of the proteins evaluated such as phosphorylated retinoblastoma (pRb) protein, which was up-regulated, could regulate the response to excitotoxic through modulation of the process of re-entry into the cell cycle in the hippocampus of rats treated with MSG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Catalina Rivera-Carvantes
- Cellular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, CUCBA, University of Guadalajara, Zapopan, Jal., Mexico.
| | - José Jaime Jarero-Basulto
- Cellular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, CUCBA, University of Guadalajara, Zapopan, Jal., Mexico
| | - Alfredo Ignacio Feria-Velasco
- Cellular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, CUCBA, University of Guadalajara, Zapopan, Jal., Mexico
| | - Carlos Beas-Zárate
- Regeneration and Neural Development Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, CUCBA, University of Guadalajara, Zapopan, Jal., Mexico
| | - Mónica Navarro-Meza
- Department of Health and Wellness, CUSur, University of Guadalajara, Ciudad Guzman, Jal., Mexico
| | - Mariana Berenice González-López
- Cellular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, CUCBA, University of Guadalajara, Zapopan, Jal., Mexico
| | - Graciela Gudiño-Cabrera
- Regeneration and Neural Development Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, CUCBA, University of Guadalajara, Zapopan, Jal., Mexico
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16
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Mitochondria and mitochondria-induced signalling molecules as longevity determinants. Mech Ageing Dev 2017; 165:115-128. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2016.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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17
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Tedeschi A, Omura T, Costigan M. CNS repair and axon regeneration: Using genetic variation to determine mechanisms. Exp Neurol 2017; 287:409-422. [PMID: 27163547 PMCID: PMC5097896 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2016.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The importance of genetic diversity in biological investigation has been recognized since the pioneering studies of Gregor Johann Mendel and Charles Darwin. Research in this area has been greatly informed recently by the publication of genomes from multiple species. Genes regulate and create every part and process in a living organism, react with the environment to create each living form and morph and mutate to determine the history and future of each species. The regenerative capacity of neurons differs profoundly between animal lineages and within the mammalian central and peripheral nervous systems. Here, we discuss research that suggests that genetic background contributes to the ability of injured axons to regenerate in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS), by controlling the regulation of specific signaling cascades. We detail the methods used to identify these pathways, which include among others Activin signaling and other TGF-β superfamily members. We discuss the potential of altering these pathways in patients with CNS damage and outline strategies to promote regeneration and repair by combinatorial manipulation of neuron-intrinsic and extrinsic determinants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Tedeschi
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53175 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Takao Omura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.
| | - Michael Costigan
- FM Kirby Neurobiology Center and Anesthesia Department, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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18
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Machado V, Gilsbach R, Das R, Schober A, Bogatyreva L, Hauschke D, Krieglstein K, Unsicker K, Spittau B. Gdf-15 deficiency does not alter vulnerability of nigrostriatal dopaminergic system in MPTP-intoxicated mice. Cell Tissue Res 2016; 365:209-23. [PMID: 27115420 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-016-2406-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Growth/differentiation factor-15 (Gdf-15) is a member of the transforming growth factor-β (Tgf-β) superfamily and has been shown to be a potent neurotrophic factor for midbrain dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons both in vitro and in vivo. Gdf-15 has also been shown to be involved in inflammatory processes. The aim of this study was to identify the role of endogenous Gdf-15 in the MPTP (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine) mouse model of Parkinson's disease (PD) by comparing Gdf-15 (+/+) and Gdf-15 (-/-) mice. At 4 days and 14 days post-MPTP administration, both Gdf-15 (+/+) and Gdf-15 (-/-) mice showed a similar decline in DAergic neuron numbers and in striatal dopamine (DA) levels. This was followed by a comparable restorative phase at 90 days and 120 days, indicating that the absence of Gdf-15 does not affect the susceptibility or the recovery capacity of the nigrostriatal system after MPTP administration. The MPTP-induced microglial and astrocytic response was not significantly altered between the two genotypes. However, pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine profiling revealed the differential expression of markers in Gdf-15 (+/+) and Gdf-15 (-/-) mice after MPTP administration. Thus, the MPTP mouse model fails to uncover a major role of endogenous Gdf-15 in the protection of MPTP-lesioned nigrostriatal DAergic neurons, in contrast to its capacity to protect the 6-hydroxydopamine-intoxicated nigrostriatal system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venissa Machado
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Molecular Embryology, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.,Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine (SGBM), University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ralf Gilsbach
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Richa Das
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Molecular Embryology, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Andreas Schober
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Molecular Embryology, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Lioudmila Bogatyreva
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Medical Informatics, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dieter Hauschke
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Kerstin Krieglstein
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Molecular Embryology, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Unsicker
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Molecular Embryology, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Björn Spittau
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Molecular Embryology, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.
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19
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GDF-15 enhances intracellular Ca2+ by increasing Cav1.3 expression in rat cerebellar granule neurons. Biochem J 2016; 473:1895-904. [PMID: 27114559 PMCID: PMC4925162 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20160362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
GDF-15 (growth/differentiation factor 15) is a novel member of the TGF (transforming growth factor)-β superfamily that has critical roles in the central and peripheral nervous systems. We reported previously that GDF-15 increased delayed rectifier outward K+ currents and Kv2.1 α subunit expression through TβRII (TGF-β receptor II) to activate Src kinase and Akt/mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) signalling in rat CGNs (cerebellar granule neurons). In the present study, we found that treatment of CGNs with GDF-15 for 24 h increased the intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) in response to membrane depolarization, as determined by Ca2+ imaging. Whole-cell current recordings indicated that GDF-15 increased the inward Ca2+ current (ICa) without altering steady-state activation of Ca2+ channels. Treatment with nifedipine, an inhibitor of L-type Ca2+ channels, abrogated GDF-15-induced increases in [Ca2+]i and ICa. The GDF-15-induced increase in ICa was mediated via up-regulation of the Cav1.3 α subunit, which was attenuated by inhibiting Akt/mTOR and ERK (extracellular-signal-regulated kinase) pathways and by pharmacological inhibition of Src-mediated TβRII phosphorylation. Given that Cav1.3 is not only a channel for Ca2+ influx, but also a transcriptional regulator, our data confirm that GDF-15 induces protein expression via TβRII and activation of a non-Smad pathway, and provide novel insight into the mechanism of GDF-15 function in neurons.
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20
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Fujita Y, Taniguchi Y, Shinkai S, Tanaka M, Ito M. Secreted growth differentiation factor 15 as a potential biomarker for mitochondrial dysfunctions in aging and age-related disorders. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2016; 16 Suppl 1:17-29. [DOI: 10.1111/ggi.12724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasunori Fujita
- Research Teams for; Mechanism of Aging; Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology; Tokyo Japan
| | - Yu Taniguchi
- Social Participation and Community Health; Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology; Tokyo Japan
| | - Shoji Shinkai
- Social Participation and Community Health; Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology; Tokyo Japan
| | - Masashi Tanaka
- Department of Genomics for Longevity and Health; Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology; Tokyo Japan
| | - Masafumi Ito
- Research Teams for; Mechanism of Aging; Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology; Tokyo Japan
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21
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Maetzler W, Deleersnijder W, Hanssens V, Bernard A, Brockmann K, Marquetand J, Wurster I, Rattay TW, Roncoroni L, Schaeffer E, Lerche S, Apel A, Deuschle C, Berg D. GDF15/MIC1 and MMP9 Cerebrospinal Fluid Levels in Parkinson's Disease and Lewy Body Dementia. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0149349. [PMID: 26938614 PMCID: PMC4777571 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Based on animal and ex-vivo experiments, Growth/Differentiation Factor-15 (GDF15, also called Macrophage Inhibitory Cytokine-1, MIC1), a member of the transforming growth factor-beta family, and Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9), a member of the matrix metalloprotease family may be potential markers for Lewy body disorders, i.e. Parkinson’s disease with (PDD) and without dementia (PDND) and Lewy body dementia (DLB). GDF15 has a prominent role in development, cell proliferation, differentiation, and repair, whereas MMP9 degrades, as a proteolytic enzyme, components of the extracellular matrix. In this study, cerebrospinal fluid GDF15 and MMP9 levels of 59 PDND, 17 PDD and 23 DLB patients, as well as of 95 controls were determined, and associated with demographic, clinical and biochemical parameters. Our analysis confirmed the already described association of GDF15 levels with age and gender. Corrected GDF15 levels were significantly higher in PDD than in PDND patients, and intermediate in DLB patients. Within Lewy body disorders, GDF15 levels correlated positively with age at onset of Parkinsonism and dementia, Hoehn & Yahr stage and cerebrospinal fluid t-Tau and p-Tau levels, and negatively with the Mini Mental State Examination. Remarkably, it does not relevantly correlate with disease duration. MMP9 was not relevantly associated with any of these parameters. Cerebrospinal GDF15, but not MMP9, may be a potential marker of and in Lewy body disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Maetzler
- Department of Neurodegeneration, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Tuebingen, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | | | | | - Alice Bernard
- Department of Neurodegeneration, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Tuebingen, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Kathrin Brockmann
- Department of Neurodegeneration, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Tuebingen, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Justus Marquetand
- Department of Epileptology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Isabel Wurster
- Department of Neurodegeneration, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Tuebingen, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Tim W. Rattay
- Department of Neurodegeneration, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Tuebingen, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Lorenzo Roncoroni
- Department of Neurodegeneration, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Tuebingen, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Eva Schaeffer
- Department of Neurodegeneration, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Tuebingen, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Stefanie Lerche
- Department of Neurodegeneration, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Tuebingen, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Anja Apel
- Department of Neurodegeneration, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Tuebingen, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Christian Deuschle
- Department of Neurodegeneration, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Tuebingen, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Daniela Berg
- Department of Neurodegeneration, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Tuebingen, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
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22
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Machado V, Haas SJP, von Bohlen Und Halbach O, Wree A, Krieglstein K, Unsicker K, Spittau B. Growth/differentiation factor-15 deficiency compromises dopaminergic neuron survival and microglial response in the 6-hydroxydopamine mouse model of Parkinson's disease. Neurobiol Dis 2015; 88:1-15. [PMID: 26733415 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2015.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth/differentiation factor-15 (Gdf-15) is a member of the TGF-β superfamily and a pleiotropic, widely distributed cytokine, which has been shown to play roles in various pathologies, including inflammation. Analysis of Gdf-15(-/-) mice has revealed that it serves the postnatal maintenance of spinal cord motor neurons and sensory neurons. In a previous study, exogenous Gdf-15 rescued 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesioned Gdf-15(+/+) nigrostriatal dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons in vitro and in vivo. Whether endogenous Gdf-15 serves the physiological maintenance of nigrostriatal DAergic neurons in health and disease is not known and was addressed in the present study. Stereotactic injection of 6-OHDA into the medial forebrain bundle (MFB) led to a significant decline in the numbers of DAergic neurons in both Gdf-15(+/+) and Gdf-15(-/-) mice over a time-period of 14days. However, this decrease was exacerbated in the Gdf-15(-/-) mice, with only 5.5% surviving neurons as compared to 24% in the Gdf-15(+/+) mice. Furthermore, the microglial response to the 6-OHDA lesion was reduced in Gdf-15(-/-) mice, with significantly lower numbers of total and activated microglia and a differential cytokine expression as compared to the Gdf-15(+/+) mice. Using in vitro models, we could demonstrate the importance of endogenous Gdf-15 in promoting DAergic neuron survival thus highlighting its relevance in a direct neurotrophic supportive role. Taken together, these results indicate the importance of Gdf-15 in promoting survival of DAergic neurons and regulating the inflammatory response post 6-OHDA lesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venissa Machado
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Molecular Embryology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine (SGBM), University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Stefan J-P Haas
- Department of Anatomy, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany.
| | | | - Andreas Wree
- Department of Anatomy, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany.
| | - Kerstin Krieglstein
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Molecular Embryology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Klaus Unsicker
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Molecular Embryology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Björn Spittau
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Molecular Embryology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
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23
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Jiang J, Trollor JN, Brown DA, Crawford JD, Thalamuthu A, Smith E, Breit SN, Liu T, Brodaty H, Baune BT, Sachdev PS, Wen W. An inverse relationship between serum macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1 levels and brain white matter integrity in community-dwelling older individuals. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2015; 62:80-8. [PMID: 26254771 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2015.07.610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Revised: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1 (MIC-1/GDF15) is a marker of inflammation that has been associated with atherosclerosis. We have previously demonstrated its relationships with cognitive decline and cerebral gray matter volumes, suggesting its role as a biomarker of cognitive impairment. Considering that it is widely distributed in the brain, and both inflammation and vascular pathology impact on white matter (WM) integrity, we examined the relationship between MIC-1/GDF15 and measures of WM integrity, including WM volumes, mean fractional anisotropy (FA) values and WM hyperintensity (WMH) volumes in a community-dwelling non-demented sample of older individuals (n=327, 70-90 years old). We found that the mean FA values were negatively associated with MIC-1/GDF15 serum levels, after Bonferroni correction. The voxel-wise analysis showed negative relationships between MIC-1/GDF15 serum levels and FA values in corticospinal tract, corpus callosum (including genu, body and splenium parts), superior longitudinal fasciculus, cingulum, as well as anterior and posterior thalamic radiation. Whole brain WMH volumes, especially deep WMH volumes, showed a non-significant trend for a positive association with MIC-1/GDF15 serum levels. The associations between MIC-1/GDF15 serum levels and WM integrity showed a non-significant trend of being stronger for the individuals classified as mild cognitive impairment, compared to the normal ageing participants. The findings suggest that high serum MIC-1/GDF15 levels indicate reduced WM integrity and possibly greater WM pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyang Jiang
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Julian N Trollor
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Randwick, NSW, Australia; Department of Development Disability Neuropsychiatry, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - David A Brown
- Centre for Applied Medical Research, St. Vincent's Hospital and University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - John D Crawford
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Anbupalam Thalamuthu
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Evelyn Smith
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Samuel N Breit
- Centre for Applied Medical Research, St. Vincent's Hospital and University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Tao Liu
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Henry Brodaty
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Randwick, NSW, Australia; Aged Care Psychiatry, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia; Dementia Collaborative Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Bernhard T Baune
- Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Perminder S Sachdev
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Randwick, NSW, Australia; Neuropsychiatric Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Wei Wen
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Randwick, NSW, Australia; Neuropsychiatric Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia.
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24
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Kim DH, Lee D, Chang EH, Kim JH, Hwang JW, Kim JY, Kyung JW, Kim SH, Oh JS, Shim SM, Na DL, Oh W, Chang JW. GDF-15 secreted from human umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells delivered through the cerebrospinal fluid promotes hippocampal neurogenesis and synaptic activity in an Alzheimer's disease model. Stem Cells Dev 2015; 24:2378-90. [PMID: 26154268 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2014.0487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous studies demonstrated that transplantation of human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUCB-MSCs) into the hippocampus of a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease (AD) reduced amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques and enhanced cognitive function through paracrine action. Due to the limited life span of hUCB-MSCs after their transplantation, the extension of hUCB-MSC efficacy was essential for AD treatment. In this study, we show that repeated cisterna magna injections of hUCB-MSCs activated endogenous hippocampal neurogenesis and significantly reduced Aβ42 levels. To identify the paracrine factors released from the hUCB-MSCs that stimulated endogenous hippocampal neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus, we cocultured adult mouse neural stem cells (NSCs) with hUCB-MSCs and analyzed the cocultured media with cytokine arrays. Growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) levels were significantly increased in the media. GDF-15 suppression in hUCB-MSCs with GDF-15 small interfering RNA reduced the proliferation of NSCs in cocultures. Conversely, recombinant GDF-15 treatment in both in vitro and in vivo enhanced hippocampal NSC proliferation and neuronal differentiation. Repeated administration of hUBC-MSCs markedly promoted the expression of synaptic vesicle markers, including synaptophysin, which are downregulated in patients with AD. In addition, in vitro synaptic activity through GDF-15 was promoted. Taken together, these results indicated that repeated cisterna magna administration of hUCB-MSCs enhanced endogenous adult hippocampal neurogenesis and synaptic activity through a paracrine factor of GDF-15, suggesting a possible role of hUCB-MSCs in future treatment strategies for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Hyun Kim
- 1 Biomedical Research Institute , MEDIPOST Co., Ltd., Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea.,2 Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dahm Lee
- 1 Biomedical Research Institute , MEDIPOST Co., Ltd., Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Hyuk Chang
- 3 Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology , Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., Seoul, Republic of Korea.,4 Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Kim
- 1 Biomedical Research Institute , MEDIPOST Co., Ltd., Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea.,4 Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Won Hwang
- 4 Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University , Seoul, Republic of Korea.,5 Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Yeon Kim
- 1 Biomedical Research Institute , MEDIPOST Co., Ltd., Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Won Kyung
- 6 Department of Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration Control Research Center, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Hyun Kim
- 6 Department of Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration Control Research Center, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Su Oh
- 2 Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Mi Shim
- 7 Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Duk Lyul Na
- 4 Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonil Oh
- 1 Biomedical Research Institute , MEDIPOST Co., Ltd., Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Wook Chang
- 5 Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University , Seoul, Republic of Korea.,8 Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Center (SCRMC), Research Institute for Future Medicine , Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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25
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Sándor N, Schilling-Tóth B, Kis E, Benedek A, Lumniczky K, Sáfrány G, Hegyesi H. Growth Differentiation Factor-15 (GDF-15) is a potential marker of radiation response and radiation sensitivity. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2015; 793:142-9. [PMID: 26520384 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2015.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
We have investigated the importance of GDF-15 (secreted cytokine belonging to the TGF-β superfamily) in low and high dose radiation-induced cellular responses. A telomerase immortalized human fibroblast cell line (F11hT) was used in the experiments. A lentiviral system encoding small hairpin RNAs (shRNA) was used to establish GDF-15 silenced cells. Secreted GDF-15 levels were measured in culture medium by ELISA. Cell cycle analysis was performed by flow cytometry. The experiments demonstrated that in irradiated human fibroblasts GDF-15 expression increased with dose starting from 100mGy. Elevated GDF-15 expression was not detected in bystander cells. The potential role of GDF-15 in radiation response was investigated by silencing GDF-15 in immortalized human fibroblasts with five different shRNA encoded in lentiviral vectors. Cell lines with considerably reduced GDF-15 levels presented increased radiation sensitivity, while a cell line with elevated GDF-15 was more radiation resistant than wild type cells. We have investigated how the reduced GDF-15 levels alter the response of several known radiation inducible genes. In F11hT-shGDF-15 cells the basal expression level of CDKN1A was unaltered relative to F11hT cells, while GADD45A and TGF-β1 mRNA levels were slightly higher, and TP53INP1 was considerably reduced. The radiation-induced expression of TP53INP1 was lower in the silenced than in wild type fibroblast cells. Cell cycle analysis indicated that radiation-induced early G2/M arrest was abrogated in GDF-15 silenced cells. Moreover, radiation-induced bystander effect was less pronounced in GDF-15 silenced fibroblasts. In conclusion, the results suggest that GDF-15 works as a radiation inducible radiation resistance increasing factor in normal human fibroblast cells, acts by regulating the radiation-induced transcription of several genes and might serve as a radiation-induced early biomarker in exposed cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolett Sándor
- Division of Molecular Radiobiology and Biodosimetry, F. Joliot-Curie National Research Institute for Radiobiology and Radiohygiene, Anna 5., Budapest, Hungary
| | - Boglárka Schilling-Tóth
- Division of Molecular Radiobiology and Biodosimetry, F. Joliot-Curie National Research Institute for Radiobiology and Radiohygiene, Anna 5., Budapest, Hungary
| | - Enikő Kis
- Division of Molecular Radiobiology and Biodosimetry, F. Joliot-Curie National Research Institute for Radiobiology and Radiohygiene, Anna 5., Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anett Benedek
- Division of Cellular and Immune-radiobiology, F. Joliot-Curie National Research Institute for Radiobiology and Radiohygiene, Anna 5., Budapest, Hungary
| | - Katalin Lumniczky
- Division of Cellular and Immune-radiobiology, F. Joliot-Curie National Research Institute for Radiobiology and Radiohygiene, Anna 5., Budapest, Hungary
| | - Géza Sáfrány
- Division of Molecular Radiobiology and Biodosimetry, F. Joliot-Curie National Research Institute for Radiobiology and Radiohygiene, Anna 5., Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Hargita Hegyesi
- Division of Molecular Radiobiology and Biodosimetry, F. Joliot-Curie National Research Institute for Radiobiology and Radiohygiene, Anna 5., Budapest, Hungary; Department of Morphology and Physiology, College of Health Care, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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26
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Tiwari KK, Moorthy B, Lingappan K. Role of GDF15 (growth and differentiation factor 15) in pulmonary oxygen toxicity. Toxicol In Vitro 2015; 29:1369-76. [PMID: 26004619 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2015.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Revised: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
GDF15 (growth and differentiation factor 15) is a secreted cytokine, a direct target of p53 and plays a role in cell proliferation and apoptosis. It is induced by oxidative stress and has anti-apoptotic effects. The role of GDF15 in hyperoxic lung injury is unknown. We tested the hypothesis that GDF15 will be induced in vitro, in a model of pulmonary oxygen toxicity, and will play a critical role in decreasing cell death and oxidative stress. BEAS-2B (human bronchial epithelial cells) and human pulmonary vascular endothelial cells (HPMEC) were exposed to hyperoxia, and expression of GDF15 and effect of GDF15 disruption on cell viability and oxidative stress was determined. Furthermore, we studied the effect of p53 knockdown on GDF15 expression. In vitro, both BEAS-2B and HPMEC cells showed a significant increase in GDF15 expression upon exposure to hyperoxia. After GDF15 knockdown, there was a significant decrease in cell viability and increase in oxidative stress compared to control cells transfected with siRNA with a scrambled sequence. Knockdown of p53 significantly decreased the induction of GDF15 by hyperoxia. In conclusion, we show that GDF15 has a pro-survival and anti-oxidant role in hyperoxia and that p53 plays a key role in its induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirti Kumar Tiwari
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neonatology, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, 1102 Bates Avenue, MC: FC530.01, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Bhagavatula Moorthy
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neonatology, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, 1102 Bates Avenue, MC: FC530.01, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Krithika Lingappan
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neonatology, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, 1102 Bates Avenue, MC: FC530.01, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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27
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Liu X, Chi X, Gong Q, Gao L, Niu Y, Chi X, Cheng M, Si Y, Wang M, Zhong J, Niu J, Yang W. Association of serum level of growth differentiation factor 15 with liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0127518. [PMID: 25996938 PMCID: PMC4440744 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and liver cirrhosis are associated with high mortality worldwide. Currently, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is used as a standard serum marker for the detection of HCC, but its sensitivity and specificity are unsatisfactory, and optimal diagnostic markers for cirrhosis are lacking. We previously reported that growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) was significantly induced in HCV-infected hepatocytes. This study aimed to investigate GDF15 expression and its correlation with hepatitis virus-related liver diseases. A total of 412 patients with various liver diseases were studied. Healthy and Mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected subjects were included as controls. Serum and tissue GDF15 levels were measured. Serum GDF15 levels were significantly increased in patients with HCC (6.66±0.67 ng/mL, p<0.0001) and cirrhosis (6.51±1.47 ng/mL, p<0.0001) compared with healthy controls (0.31±0.01 ng/mL), though the GDF15 levels in HBV and HCV carriers were moderately elevated (1.34±0.19 ng/mL and 2.13±0.53 ng/mL, respectively). Compared with HBV or HCV carriers, GDF15 had a sensitivity of 63.1% and a specificity of 86.6% at the optimal cut-off point of 2.463 ng/mL in patients with liver cirrhosis or HCC. In HCC patients, the area under the receiver operating curve was 0.84 for GDF15 and 0.76 for AFP, but 0.91 for the combined GDF15 and AFP. Serum GDF15 levels did not significantly differ between the high-AFP and low-AFP groups. GDF15 protein expression in HCC was significantly higher than that in the corresponding adjacent paracarcinomatous tissue and normal liver. Using a combination of GDF15 and AFP will improve the sensitivity and specificity of HCC diagnosis. Further research and the clinical implementation of serum GDF15 measurement as a biomarker for HCC and cirrhosis are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuying Liu
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiumei Chi
- First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Qiaoling Gong
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Gao
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yuqiang Niu
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojing Chi
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Min Cheng
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Youhui Si
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Maorong Wang
- Liver Disease Center of PLA, the 81st Hospital of PLA, Nanjing, China
| | - Jin Zhong
- Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (WY); (JN); (JZ)
| | - Junqi Niu
- First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- * E-mail: (WY); (JN); (JZ)
| | - Wei Yang
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (WY); (JN); (JZ)
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Secreted ectodomain of sialic acid-binding Ig-like lectin-9 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 promote recovery after rat spinal cord injury by altering macrophage polarity. J Neurosci 2015; 35:2452-64. [PMID: 25673840 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.4088-14.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Engrafted mesenchymal stem cells from human deciduous dental pulp (SHEDs) support recovery from neural insults via paracrine mechanisms that are poorly understood. Here we show that the conditioned serum-free medium (CM) from SHEDs, administered intrathecally into rat injured spinal cord during the acute postinjury period, caused remarkable functional recovery. The ability of SHED-CM to induce recovery was associated with an immunoregulatory activity that induced anti-inflammatory M2-like macrophages. Secretome analysis of the SHED-CM revealed a previously unrecognized set of inducers for anti-inflammatory M2-like macrophages: monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and the secreted ectodomain of sialic acid-binding Ig-like lectin-9 (ED-Siglec-9). Depleting MCP-1 and ED-Siglec-9 from the SHED-CM prominently reduced its ability to induce M2-like macrophages and to promote functional recovery after spinal cord injury (SCI). The combination of MCP-1 and ED-Siglec-9 synergistically promoted the M2-like differentiation of bone marrow-derived macrophages in vitro, and this effect was abolished by a selective antagonist for CC chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2) or by the genetic knock-out of CCR2. Furthermore, MCP-1 and ED-Siglec-9 administration into the injured spinal cord induced M2-like macrophages and led to a marked recovery of hindlimb locomotor function after SCI. The inhibition of this M2 induction through the inactivation of CCR2 function abolished the therapeutic effects of both SHED-CM and MCP-1/ED-Siglec-9. Macrophages activated by MCP-1 and ED-Siglec-9 extended neurite and suppressed apoptosis of primary cerebellar granule neurons against the neurotoxic effects of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans. Our data suggest that the unique combination of MCP-1 and ED-Siglec-9 repairs the SCI through anti-inflammatory M2-like macrophage induction.
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Jiang J, Wen W, Brown DA, Crawford J, Thalamuthu A, Smith E, Breit SN, Liu T, Zhu W, Brodaty H, Baune BT, Trollor JN, Sachdev PS. The relationship of serum macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1 levels with gray matter volumes in community-dwelling older individuals. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0123399. [PMID: 25867953 PMCID: PMC4395016 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Using circulating inflammatory markers and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), recent studies have associated inflammation with brain volumetric measures. Macrophage Inhibitory Cytokine-1 (MIC-1/GDF15) is a divergent transforming growth factor - beta (TGF-β) superfamily cytokine. To uncover the underlying mechanisms of the previous finding of a negative association between MIC-1/GDF15 serum levels and cognition, the present study aimed to examine the relationship of circulating MIC-1/GDF15 levels with human brain gray matter (GM) volumes, in a community-dwelling sample aged 70-90 years over two years (Wave 1: n = 506, Wave 2: n = 327), of which the age-related brain atrophy had been previously well defined. T1-weighted MRI scans were obtained at both waves and analyzed using the FMRIB Software Library and FreeSurfer. The results showed significantly negative associations between MIC-1/GDF15 serum levels and both subcortical and cortical GM volumes. GM volumes of the whole brain, cortex, temporal lobe, thalamus and accumbens showed significant mediating effects on the associations between MIC-1/GDF15 serum levels and global cognition scores. Increases in MIC-1/GDF15 serum levels were associated with decreases in cortical and subcortical GM volume over two years. In conclusion, MIC-1/GDF15 serum levels were inversely associated with GM volumes both cross-sectionally and longitudinally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyang Jiang
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Randwick NSW, Australia
| | - Wei Wen
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Randwick NSW, Australia
- Neuropsychiatric Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick NSW, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - David A. Brown
- Centre for Applied Medical Research, St. Vincent’s Hospital and University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst NSW, Australia
| | - John Crawford
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Randwick NSW, Australia
| | - Anbupalam Thalamuthu
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Randwick NSW, Australia
| | - Evelyn Smith
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Randwick NSW, Australia
| | - Samuel N. Breit
- Centre for Applied Medical Research, St. Vincent’s Hospital and University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst NSW, Australia
| | - Tao Liu
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Wanlin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Henry Brodaty
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Randwick NSW, Australia
- Aged Care Psychiatry, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick NSW, Australia
- Dementia Collaborative Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW, Australia
| | - Bernhard T. Baune
- Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Julian N. Trollor
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Randwick NSW, Australia
- Department of Development Disability Neuropsychiatry, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW, Australia
| | - Perminder S. Sachdev
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Randwick NSW, Australia
- Neuropsychiatric Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick NSW, Australia
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Yi MH, Zhang E, Baek H, Kim S, Shin N, Kang JW, Lee S, Oh SH, Kim DW. Growth Differentiation Factor 15 Expression in Astrocytes After Excitotoxic Lesion in the Mouse Hippocampus. Exp Neurobiol 2015; 24:133-8. [PMID: 26113792 PMCID: PMC4479809 DOI: 10.5607/en.2015.24.2.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Revised: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) is, a member of the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) superfamily of proteins. Although GDF15 is well established as a potent neurotrophic factor for neurons, little is known about its role in glial cells under neuropathological conditions. We monitored GDF15 expression in astrocyte activation after a kainic acid (KA)-induced neurodegeneration in the ICR mice hippocampus. In control, GDF15 immunoreactivity (IR) was evident in the neuronal layer of the hippocampus; however, GDF15 expression had increased in activated astrocytes throughout the hippocampal region at day 3 after the treatment with KA. LPS treatment in astrocytes dramatically increased GDF15 expression in primary astrocytes. In addition, LPS treatment resulted in the decrease of the IκB-α degradation and increase of the phosphorylation level of RelA/p65. These results indicate that GDF15 has a potential link to NF-κB activation, making GDF15 a valuable target for modulating inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Hee Yi
- Department of Anatomy, Brain Research Institute, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 301-747, Korea
| | - Enji Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, Brain Research Institute, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 301-747, Korea
| | - Hyunjung Baek
- Department of Anatomy, Brain Research Institute, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 301-747, Korea. ; Department of Pediatrics, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon 301-721, Korea
| | - Sena Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Brain Research Institute, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 301-747, Korea. ; Department of Plastic Surgery, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon 301-721, Korea
| | - Nara Shin
- Department of Anatomy, Brain Research Institute, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 301-747, Korea. ; Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon 301-721, Korea
| | - Joon Won Kang
- Department of Pediatrics, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon 301-721, Korea
| | - Sunyeul Lee
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon 301-721, Korea
| | - Sang-Ha Oh
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon 301-721, Korea
| | - Dong Woon Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Brain Research Institute, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 301-747, Korea
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Pérez-Sen R, Queipo MJ, Morente V, Ortega F, Delicado EG, Miras-Portugal MT. Neuroprotection Mediated by P2Y13 Nucleotide Receptors in Neurons. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2015; 13:160-8. [PMID: 25750704 PMCID: PMC4348571 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2015.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Revised: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
ADP-specific P2Y13 receptor constitutes one of the most recently identified nucleotide receptor and the understanding of their physiological role is currently under investigation. Cerebellar astrocytes and granule neurons provide excellent models to study P2Y13 expression and function since the first identification of ADP-evoked calcium responses not attributable to the related P2Y1 receptor was performed in these cell populations. In this regard, all responses induced by ADP analogues in astrocytes resulted to be Gi-coupled activities mediated by P2Y13 instead of P2Y1 receptors. Similarly, both glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3) and ERK1/2 signaling triggered by 2MeSADP in cerebellar granule neurons were also dependent on Gi-coupled receptors, and mediated by PI3K activity. In granule neurons, P2Y13 receptor was specifically coupled to the main neuronal survival PI3K/Akt-cascade targeting GSK3 phosphorylation. GSK3 inhibition led to nuclear translocation of transcriptional targets, including β-catenin and Nrf2. The activation of the Nrf2/heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) axis was responsible for the prosurvival effect against oxidative stress. In addition, P2Y13-mediated ERK1/2 signaling in granule neurons also triggered activation of transcription factors, such as CREB, which underlined the antiapoptotic action against glutamate-induced excitotoxicity. Finally, a novel signaling mechanism has been recently described for a P2Y13 receptor in granule neurons that involved the expression of a dual protein phosphatase, DUSP2. This activity contributed to regulate MAPK activation after genotoxic stress. In conclusion, P2Y13 receptors harbored in cerebellar astrocytes and granule neurons exhibit specific signaling properties that link them to specialized functions at the level of neuroprotection and trophic activity in both cerebellar cell populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Pérez-Sen
- Biochemistry Department, School of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Institute of Neurochemistry (IUIN), Madrid, Spain
| | - M José Queipo
- Biochemistry Department, School of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Institute of Neurochemistry (IUIN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Verónica Morente
- Biochemistry Department, School of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Institute of Neurochemistry (IUIN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Felipe Ortega
- Biochemistry Department, School of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Institute of Neurochemistry (IUIN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Esmerilda G Delicado
- Biochemistry Department, School of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Institute of Neurochemistry (IUIN), Madrid, Spain
| | - M Teresa Miras-Portugal
- Biochemistry Department, School of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Institute of Neurochemistry (IUIN), Madrid, Spain
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Lee YJ, Choi SY, Yang JH. NMDA receptor-mediated ERK 1/2 pathway is involved in PFHxS-induced apoptosis of PC12 cells. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2014; 491-492:227-34. [PMID: 24534200 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.01.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2013] [Revised: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2014] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorohexanesulfonate (PFHxS) is one of the major perfluoroalkyl compounds (PFCs) found in human blood and its possible neurotoxicity has been suggested. However, the neuronal responses to PFHxS are not much known. Many studies have demonstrated that the early exposure to environmental chemicals increases the risk of neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease in later life. In this study, the effects of PFHxS on the neuronal cell death and the underlying mechanisms were examined using PC12 cells as a model of dopaminergic neuron. The treatment with PFHxS reduced cell viability in a dose-dependent manner. PFHxS increased cell apoptosis which was measured by caspase-3 activity and TUNEL staining. MK801, a NMDA receptor antagonist reduced PFHxS-induced apoptosis. PFHxS increased the activations of ERK1/2, JNK and p38 MAPK with different temporal activations. The treatment with PD98059, an ERK inhibitor, significantly reduced apoptosis, whereas SB203580, a p38 MAPK inhibitor, had no effect. JNK inhibition by SP600125 significantly increased apoptosis. PFHxS exposure also increased ROS formation, which was completely blocked by antioxidants, Trolox or N-acetylcysteine (NAC). However, neither Trolox nor NAC reduced PFHxS-increased apoptosis, suggesting that ROS may not be a critical mediator for PFHxS-induced apoptosis of cells. Moreover, ERK activation induced by PFHxS was blocked by MK801 but not antioxidants. Taken together, these results have demonstrated that PFHxS induces the apoptosis of dopaminergic neuronal cells, where NMDA receptor-mediated ERK pathway plays a pro-apoptotic role and JNK plays an anti-apoptotic role. Our results may contribute to understanding cellular mechanisms for PFHxS-induced neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youn Ju Lee
- Department of Pharmacology/Toxicology, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
| | - So-Young Choi
- Department of Pharmacology/Toxicology, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae H Yang
- Department of Pharmacology/Toxicology, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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Van Dooren T, Princen K, De Witte K, Griffioen G. Derailed intraneuronal signalling drives pathogenesis in sporadic and familial Alzheimer's disease. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:167024. [PMID: 25243118 PMCID: PMC4160617 DOI: 10.1155/2014/167024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Revised: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 08/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Although a wide variety of genetic and nongenetic Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk factors have been identified, their role in onset and/or progression of neuronal degeneration remains elusive. Systematic analysis of AD risk factors revealed that perturbations of intraneuronal signalling pathways comprise a common mechanistic denominator in both familial and sporadic AD and that such alterations lead to increases in Aβ oligomers (Aβo) formation and phosphorylation of TAU. Conversely, Aβo and TAU impact intracellular signalling directly. This feature entails binding of Aβo to membrane receptors, whereas TAU functionally interacts with downstream transducers. Accordingly, we postulate a positive feedback mechanism in which AD risk factors or genes trigger perturbations of intraneuronal signalling leading to enhanced Aβo formation and TAU phosphorylation which in turn further derange signalling. Ultimately intraneuronal signalling becomes deregulated to the extent that neuronal function and survival cannot be sustained, whereas the resulting elevated levels of amyloidogenic Aβo and phosphorylated TAU species self-polymerizes into the AD plaques and tangles, respectively.
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GDF15 regulates Kv2.1-mediated outward K+ current through the Akt/mTOR signalling pathway in rat cerebellar granule cells. Biochem J 2014; 460:35-47. [PMID: 24597762 PMCID: PMC4000135 DOI: 10.1042/bj20140155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
GDF15 (growth/differentiation factor 15), a novel member of the TGFβ (transforming growth factor β) superfamily, plays critical roles in the central and peripheral nervous systems, but the signal transduction pathways and receptor subtypes involved are not well understood. In the present paper, we report that GDF15 specifically increases the IK (delayed-rectifier outward K+ current) in rat CGNs (cerebellar granule neurons) in time- and concentration-dependent manners. The GDF15-induced amplification of the IK is mediated by the increased expression and reduced lysosome-dependent degradation of the Kv2.1 protein, the main α-subunit of the IK channel. Exposure of CGNs to GDF15 markedly induced the phosphorylation of ERK (extracellular-signal-regulated kinase), Akt and mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin), but the GDF15-induced IK densities and increased expression of Kv2.1 were attenuated only by Akt and mTOR, and not ERK, inhibitors. Pharmacological inhibition of the Src-mediated phosphorylation of TGFβR2 (TGFβ receptor 2), not TGFβR1, abrogated the effect of GDF15 on IK amplification and Kv2.1 induction. Immunoprecipitation assays showed that GDF15 increased the tyrosine phosphorylation of TGFβRII in the CGN lysate. The results of the present study reveal a novel regulation of Kv2.1 by GDF15 mediated through the TGFβRII-activated Akt/mTOR pathway, which is a previously uncharacterized Smad-independent mechanism of GDF15 signalling.
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Morente V, Pérez-Sen R, Ortega F, Huerta-Cepas J, Delicado EG, Miras-Portugal MT. Neuroprotection elicited by P2Y13 receptors against genotoxic stress by inducing DUSP2 expression and MAPK signaling recovery. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2014; 1843:1886-98. [PMID: 24851838 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2014.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Revised: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Nucleotides activating P2Y13 receptors display neuroprotective actions against different apoptotic stimuli in cerebellar granule neurons. In the present study, P2Y13 neuroprotection was analyzed in conditions of genotoxic stress. Exposure to cisplatin and UV radiation induced caspase-3-dependent apoptotic cell death, and p38 MAPK signaling de-regulation. Pre-treatment with P2Y13 nucleotide agonist, 2methyl-thio-ADP (2MeSADP), restored granule neuron survival and prevented p38 long-lasting activation induced by cytotoxic treatments. Microarray gene expression analysis in 2MeSADP-stimulated cells revealed over-representation of genes related to protein phosphatase activity. Among them, dual-specificity phosphatase-2, DUSP2, was validated as a transcriptional target for P2Y13 receptors by QPCR. This effect could explain 2MeSADP ability to dephosphorylate a DUSP2 substrate, p38, reestablishing the inactive form. In addition, cisplatin-induced p38 sustained activation correlated perfectly with progressive reduction in DUSP2 expression. In conclusion, P2Y13 receptors regulate DUSP2 expression and contribute to p38 signaling homeostasis and survival in granule neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Morente
- Biochemistry Department, Veterinary Faculty, Complutense University of Madrid, Institute of Neurochemistry (IUIN), Madrid, Spain; Health Research Institute of the Hospital Clinico San Carlos (IdISSC), Spain
| | - Raquel Pérez-Sen
- Biochemistry Department, Veterinary Faculty, Complutense University of Madrid, Institute of Neurochemistry (IUIN), Madrid, Spain; Health Research Institute of the Hospital Clinico San Carlos (IdISSC), Spain.
| | - Felipe Ortega
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Germany
| | - Jaime Huerta-Cepas
- Bioinformatics and Genomics Programme, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Dr. Aiguader, 88., Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Esmerilda G Delicado
- Biochemistry Department, Veterinary Faculty, Complutense University of Madrid, Institute of Neurochemistry (IUIN), Madrid, Spain; Health Research Institute of the Hospital Clinico San Carlos (IdISSC), Spain
| | - M Teresa Miras-Portugal
- Biochemistry Department, Veterinary Faculty, Complutense University of Madrid, Institute of Neurochemistry (IUIN), Madrid, Spain; Health Research Institute of the Hospital Clinico San Carlos (IdISSC), Spain
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Sakurai T, Ito T, Wakame K, Kitadate K, Arai T, Ogasawara J, Kizaki T, Sato S, Ishibashi Y, Fujiwara T, Akagawa K, Ishida H, Ohno H. Enzyme-treated Asparagus officinalis Extract Shows Neuroprotective Effects and Attenuates Cognitive Impairment in Senescence-accelerated Mice. Nat Prod Commun 2014. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1400900130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Increases in the number of patients with dementia involving Alzheimer's disease (AD) are seen as a grave public health problem. In neurodegenerative disorders involving AD, biological stresses, such as oxidative and inflammatory stress, induce neural cell damage. Asparagus ( Asparagus officinalis) is a popular vegetable, and an extract prepared from this reportedly possesses various beneficial biological activities. In the present study, we investigated the effects of enzyme-treated asparagus extract (ETAS) on neuronal cells and early cognitive impairment of senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAMP8) mice. The expression of mRNAs for factors that exert cytoprotective and anti-apoptotic functions, such as heat-shock protein 70 and heme oxygenase-1, was upregulated in NG108–15 neuronal cells by treatment with ETAS. Moreover, when release of lactate dehydrogenase from damaged NG108–15 cells was increased for cells cultured in medium containing either the nitric oxide donor sodium nitroprusside or the hypoxia mimic reagent cobalt chloride, ETAS significantly attenuated this cell damage. Also, when contextual fear memory, which is considered to be a hippocampus-dependent memory, was significantly impaired in SAMP8 mice, ETAS attenuated the cognitive impairment. These results suggest that ETAS produces cytoprotective effects in neuronal cells and attenuates the effects on the cognitive impairment of SAMP8 mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Sakurai
- Department of Molecular Predictive Medicine and Sport Science, Kyorin University, School of Medicine, Tokyo 181–8611, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Ito
- Amino Up Chemical Co., Ltd., Sapporo 004-0839, Japan
| | - Koji Wakame
- Amino Up Chemical Co., Ltd., Sapporo 004-0839, Japan
| | | | - Takashi Arai
- Department of Clinical Research, Saitama Children's Medical Center, Saitama 339–8551, Japan
| | - Junetsu Ogasawara
- Department of Molecular Predictive Medicine and Sport Science, Kyorin University, School of Medicine, Tokyo 181–8611, Japan
| | - Takako Kizaki
- Department of Molecular Predictive Medicine and Sport Science, Kyorin University, School of Medicine, Tokyo 181–8611, Japan
| | - Shogo Sato
- Department of Molecular Predictive Medicine and Sport Science, Kyorin University, School of Medicine, Tokyo 181–8611, Japan
| | - Yoshinaga Ishibashi
- Department of Molecular Predictive Medicine and Sport Science, Kyorin University, School of Medicine, Tokyo 181–8611, Japan
| | - Tomonori Fujiwara
- Department of Cell Physiology, Kyorin University, School of Medicine, Tokyo 181–8611, Japan
| | - Kimio Akagawa
- Department of Cell Physiology, Kyorin University, School of Medicine, Tokyo 181–8611, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Ishida
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Kyorin University, School of Medicine, Tokyo 181–8611, Japan
| | - Hideki Ohno
- Department of Molecular Predictive Medicine and Sport Science, Kyorin University, School of Medicine, Tokyo 181–8611, Japan
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Fan Y, Li J, Zhang YQ, Jiang LH, Zhang YN, Yan CQ. Protein kinase C delta mediated cytotoxicity of 6-Hydroxydopamine via sustained extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 activation in PC12 cells. Neurol Res 2013; 36:53-64. [PMID: 24107416 DOI: 10.1179/1743132813y.0000000267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The incidence of Parkinson's disease (PD) is increasing as the global population ages. 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) can induce PD-like neuropathology and biochemical changes in both in vitro and in vivo models. Therefore, clarification of the molecular mechanism of 6-OHDA-induced cell death might contribute to the understanding of the pathogenesis of PD. METHODS With this goal in mind, we investigated the role of protein kinase C delta (PKC delta) in 6-OHDA-dependent death using the pheochromocytoma cell line, PC12. Cells were treated with 6-OHDA to induce toxicity with or without pretreatment using rottlerin (a PKC delta inhibitor), bisindolylmaleimide I (a general PKC inhibitor), Gö6976 (a PKC inhibitor selective for calcium-dependent PKC isoforms), or phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA, a PKC activator). RESULTS Phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate decreased cell survival and increased the rate of apoptosis while rottlerin increased cell survival and decreased the rate of apoptosis. In contrast, neither bisindolylmaleimide I nor Gö6976 affected 6-OHDA-induced cell death. Western analysis demonstrated that phosphorylation of PKC delta on Thr 505 as well as extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation increased after exposure to 6-OHDA. This increase in PKC delta phosphorylation was potentiated by PMA. However, rottlerin attenuated the 6-OHDA-stimulated increase in PKC delta and ERK phosphorylation. CONCLUSION These data suggest that PKC delta, rather than classic-type PKC (alpha, beta1, beta2, gamma), participates in 6-OHDA-induced neurotoxicity in PC12 cells, and PKC delta activity is required for subsequent ERK activation during cell death.
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Corre J, Hébraud B, Bourin P. Concise review: growth differentiation factor 15 in pathology: a clinical role? Stem Cells Transl Med 2013; 2:946-52. [PMID: 24191265 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2013-0055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) is a divergent member of the transforming growth factor β family discovered in a broad range of cells, as indicated by the diversity of its nomenclature. However, the only tissue that expresses a high amount of GDF15 in the physiologic state is placenta. GDF15 is easily detected in blood, and its concentration varies with age. In fact, increased blood concentration of GDF15 is associated with numerous pathological conditions. However, the biological significance underlying these observations is far from clear. GDF15 could have a positive or negative role depending on the state of cells or their environment. Furthermore, study of its biology is hampered by lack of knowledge of its receptor and thus the signaling pathways that drive its action. GDF15 seems to be an integrative signal in pathologic conditions, giving information on severity of disease. Its effectiveness in classifying patients to modulate treatment remains to be shown. Development of therapeutic interventions with GDF15 or anti-GDF15 agents remains difficult until we uncover the mechanism that drives its activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill Corre
- Intergroupe Francophone du Myélome, France
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The multiple facets of the TGF-β family cytokine growth/differentiation factor-15/macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2013; 24:373-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2013.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Accepted: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Hu SQ, Cui W, Xu DP, Mak SH, Tang J, Choi CL, Pang YP, Han YF. Substantial neuroprotection against K+ deprivation-induced apoptosis in primary cerebellar granule neurons by novel dimer bis(propyl)-cognitin via the activation of VEGFR-2 signaling pathway. CNS Neurosci Ther 2013; 19:764-72. [PMID: 23826635 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2013] [Revised: 05/09/2013] [Accepted: 05/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuronal loss via apoptosis in CNS is the fundamental mechanism underlying various neurodegenerative diseases. Compounds with antiapoptotic property might have therapeutic effects for these diseases. In this study, bis(propyl)-cognitin (B3C), a novel dimer that possesses anti-AChE and anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor activities, was investigated for its neuroprotective effect on K(+) deprivation-induced apoptosis in cerebellar granule neurons (CGNs). METHODS Cerebellar granule neurons were switched to K(+) deprived medium with or without B3C. 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium assay, fluorescein diacetate (FDA)/propidium iodide (PI) staining, Hoechst staining, and DNA laddering assays were applied to detect cytotoxicity and apoptosis. Additionally, the expression of p-VEGFR-2, p-Akt, p-glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β), and p-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) was examined in CGNs. RESULTS Switching CGNs to K(+) deprived medium resulted in remarkable apoptosis, which could be substantially blocked by B3C treatment (IC50 , 0.37 μM). Moreover, a rapid decrease in p-Tyr1054-VEGFR-2 was observed after the switch. B3C significantly reversed the inhibition of p-Tyr1054-VEGFR-2 as well as Akt and ERK pathways. VEGFR-2 inhibitor PTK787/ZK222584, as well as PI3-K inhibitor LY294002 and MEK inhibitor PD98059, each abolished the neuroprotective effect of B3C. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that B3C blocks K(+) deprivation-induced apoptosis in CGNs through regulating VEGFR-2/Akt/GSK3β and VEGFR-2/ERK signaling pathways, providing a molecular insight into the therapeutic potential of B3C for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Quan Hu
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Institute of Modern Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China; The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
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Li J, Yang L, Qin W, Zhang G, Yuan J, Wang F. Adaptive induction of growth differentiation factor 15 attenuates endothelial cell apoptosis in response to high glucose stimulus. PLoS One 2013; 8:e65549. [PMID: 23799024 PMCID: PMC3683015 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0065549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2013] [Accepted: 04/25/2013] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15), a direct target gene of p53, is a multifunctional member of the TGF-β/BMP superfamily. GDF15 can be induced and is implicated as a key secretory cytokine in response to multiple cellular stimuli. Accumulating evidence indicates that GDF15 is associated with the development and prognosis of diabetes mellitus, while whether GDF15 can be induced by high glucose is unknown. In the present study, we revealed that high glucose could induce GDF15 expression and secretion in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells in a ROS- and p53-dependent manner. Inhibition of high glucose-induced GDF15 expression by siRNA demonstrated that adaptively induced GDF15 played a protective role against high glucose-induced human umbilical vein endothelial cell apoptosis via maintaining the active state of PI3K/Akt/eNOS pathway and attenuating NF-κB/JNK pathway activation. The protective effects of GDF15 were probably achieved by inhibiting ROS overproduction in high glucose-treated human umbilical vein endothelial cells in a negative feedback manner. Our results suggest that high glucose can promote GDF15 expression and secretion in human umbilical vein endothelial cells, which in turn attenuates high glucose-induced endothelial cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Lijun Yang
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Weijun Qin
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Geng Zhang
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jianlin Yuan
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Fuli Wang
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- * E-mail:
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Ehrkamp A, Herrmann C, Stoll R, Heumann R. Ras and rheb signaling in survival and cell death. Cancers (Basel) 2013; 5:639-61. [PMID: 24216995 PMCID: PMC3730321 DOI: 10.3390/cancers5020639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2013] [Revised: 05/08/2013] [Accepted: 05/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the most obvious hallmarks of cancer is uncontrolled proliferation of cells partly due to independence of growth factor supply. A major component of mitogenic signaling is Ras, a small GTPase. It was the first identified human protooncogene and is known since more than three decades to promote cellular proliferation and growth. Ras was shown to support growth factor-independent survival during development and to protect from chemical or mechanical lesion-induced neuronal degeneration in postmitotic neurons. In contrast, for specific patho-physiological cases and cellular systems it has been shown that Ras may also promote cell death. Proteins from the Ras association family (Rassf, especially Rassf1 and Rassf5) are tumor suppressors that are activated by Ras-GTP, triggering apoptosis via e.g., activation of mammalian sterile 20-like (MST1) kinase. In contrast to Ras, their expression is suppressed in many types of tumours, which makes Rassf proteins an exciting model for understanding the divergent effects of Ras activity. It seems likely that the outcome of Ras signaling depends on the balance between the activation of its various downstream effectors, thus determining cellular fate towards either proliferation or apoptosis. Ras homologue enriched in brain (Rheb) is a protein from the Ras superfamily that is also known to promote proliferation, growth, and regeneration through the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTor) pathway. However, recent evidences indicate that the Rheb-mTor pathway may switch its function from a pro-growth into a cell death pathway, depending on the cellular situation. In contrast to Ras signaling, for Rheb, the cellular context is likely to modulate the whole Rheb-mTor pathway towards cellular death or survival, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Ehrkamp
- Molecular Neurobiochemistry, Ruhr University of Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany; E-Mail:
| | - Christian Herrmann
- Department of Physical Chemistry1, Protein Interaction, Ruhr University of Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany; E-Mail:
| | - Raphael Stoll
- Biomolecular NMR, Ruhr University of Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany; E-Mail:
| | - Rolf Heumann
- Molecular Neurobiochemistry, Ruhr University of Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany; E-Mail:
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Charalambous P, Wang X, Thanos S, Schober A, Unsicker K. Regulation and effects of GDF-15 in the retina following optic nerve crush. Cell Tissue Res 2013; 353:1-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-013-1634-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2013] [Accepted: 04/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Chen K, Zhang J, Zhang W, Zhang J, Yang J, Li K, He Y. ATP-P2X4 signaling mediates NLRP3 inflammasome activation: a novel pathway of diabetic nephropathy. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2013; 45:932-43. [PMID: 23434541 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2013.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2012] [Revised: 02/06/2013] [Accepted: 02/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Tubulointerstitial inflammation plays a key role in the development of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Cytokines in the IL-1 family are the key pro-inflammatory cytokines of tubulointerstitial inflammation. Extracellular ATP can cause P2X receptors to activate the NOD-like receptor 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome and cause IL-1β and IL-18 maturation and release. We investigated the role of ATP-P2X4 signaling in NLRP3 inflammasome activation and renal interstitial inflammation characteristic of DN. Ex vivo studies, P2X4 showed increased expression in renal tubule epithelial cells in patients with nephropathy due to type 2 diabetes compared to those in the control group. Linear correlation analysis shows that P2X4 expression was positively related with urine IL-1β and IL-18 levels. Moreover, P2X4 expression was co-localized with NLRP3, IL-1β, and IL-18 expression. In vitro culture experiments showed NLRP3 protein expression, cleavage of caspase-1 and IL-1β, and release of IL-1β, IL-18 and ATP in HK-2 cells significantly increased after high glucose stimulation. However, apyrase, which consumes extracellular ATP, completely blocked the changes caused by high glucose. The P2 receptor antagonist suramin, P2X receptor antagonist TNP-ATP, P2X4 selective antagonist 5-BDBD, and P2X4 gene silencing attenuated NLRP3 expression, cleavage of caspase-1 and IL-1β, and release of IL-1β and IL-18 induced by high glucose. Taken together, these results suggest that ATP-P2X4 signaling mediates high glucose-induced activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, regulates IL-1 family cytokine secretion, and causes the development of tubulointerstitial inflammation in DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kehong Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Daping Hospital, Research Institute of Surgery, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, PR China
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PI3 k/akt inhibition induces apoptosis through p38 activation in neurons. Pharmacol Res 2013; 70:116-25. [PMID: 23376356 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2013.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2012] [Revised: 01/15/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that the PI3K/AKT pathway is a pro-survival signalling system in neurons. Therefore, the inhibition of this pathway may be implicated in the degeneration of neurons in Parkinson's disease (PD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), and other neurological disorders. Here we study the participation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway on apoptosis induced by PI3K/AKT inhibition in cultured cerebellar granule cells (CGCs). LY294002, a specific PI3K/AKT inhibitor, selectively activated the p38 MAPK kinase pathway and enhanced c-Jun phosphorylation, but did not activate JNK. The pharmacological inhibitors SB203580 (p38 inhibitor) and SP600125 (a JNK inhibitor) protected primary cultures of rat CGCs from LY294002-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, both compounds decreased the phosphorylation of c-Jun and lowered mRNA levels of the pro-apoptotic gene dp5, a direct target of c-Jun. Taken together, our data demonstrate that PI3K/AKT inhibition induces neuronal apoptosis, a process that is mediated by the activation of p38 MAPK/c-Jun/dp5.
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Lee YJ, Lee HG, Yang JH. Perfluorooctane sulfonate-induced apoptosis of cerebellar granule cells is mediated by ERK 1/2 pathway. CHEMOSPHERE 2013; 90:1597-1602. [PMID: 22990021 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2012] [Revised: 08/12/2012] [Accepted: 08/20/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), a ubiquitous environmental pollutant, is considered as a neurotoxicant to mammalian species. However, the underlying mechanism of its neurotoxicity is largely unknown. In the present study, we examined roles of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) in PFOS-induced apoptosis of neuronal cells to elucidate the molecular mechanism. Cerebellar granule cells were isolated from 7-d old rats and maintained in culture for additional 7 d. Cells were exposed to PFOS and caspase-3 activity and nuclear morphology were evaluated by enzyme activity assay and Hoechst 33342 staining, respectively, to determine its effects on apoptosis. The treatment with PFOS resulted in caspase-3 activation and nuclear condensation and fragmentation. PFOS exposure selectively increased activation of ERK that remained above control over 6 h. The inhibitor of ERK pathway, PD98059, substantially blocked caspase-3 activation induced by PFOS, whereas inhibitors of JNK and p38 MAPK, SP600125 and SB203580, respectively, had no effect. PKC inhibitors, bisindolylmaleimide I and Gö6976, dampened caspase-3 activity and ERK activation induced by PFOS. Collectively, it is suggested that PKC and ERK play proapoptotic roles in PFOS-induced apoptosis of cerebellar granule cells and PKC act as an upstream regulator of ERK activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youn Ju Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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Local substitution of GDF-15 improves axonal and sensory recovery after peripheral nerve injury. Cell Tissue Res 2012; 350:225-38. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-012-1493-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2012] [Accepted: 08/17/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Wong ESW, Morgenstern D, Mofiz E, Gombert S, Morris KM, Temple-Smith P, Renfree MB, Whittington CM, King GF, Warren WC, Papenfuss AT, Belov K. Proteomics and deep sequencing comparison of seasonally active venom glands in the platypus reveals novel venom peptides and distinct expression profiles. Mol Cell Proteomics 2012; 11:1354-64. [PMID: 22899769 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m112.017491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The platypus is a venomous monotreme. Male platypuses possess a spur on their hind legs that is connected to glands in the pelvic region. They produce venom only during the breeding season, presumably to fight off conspecifics. We have taken advantage of this unique seasonal production of venom to compare the transcriptomes of in- and out-of-season venom glands, in conjunction with proteomic analysis, to identify previously undiscovered venom genes. Comparison of the venom glands revealed distinct gene expression profiles that are consistent with changes in venom gland morphology and venom volumes in and out of the breeding season. Venom proteins were identified through shot-gun sequenced venom proteomes of three animals using RNA-seq-derived transcripts for peptide-spectral matching. 5,157 genes were expressed in the venom glands, 1,821 genes were up-regulated in the in-season gland, and 10 proteins were identified in the venom. New classes of platypus-venom proteins identified included antimicrobials, amide oxidase, serpin protease inhibitor, proteins associated with the mammalian stress response pathway, cytokines, and other immune molecules. Five putative toxins have only been identified in platypus venom: growth differentiation factor 15, nucleobindin-2, CD55, a CXC-chemokine, and corticotropin-releasing factor-binding protein. These novel venom proteins have potential biomedical and therapeutic applications and provide insights into venom evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily S W Wong
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia.
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Schiegnitz E, Kämmerer P, Koch F, Krüger M, Berres M, Al-Nawas B. GDF 15 as an anti-apoptotic, diagnostic and prognostic marker in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Oncol 2012; 48:608-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2012.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2011] [Revised: 11/23/2011] [Accepted: 01/26/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Gomez-Sucerquia LJ, Blas-Garcia A, Marti-Cabrera M, Esplugues JV, Apostolova N. Profile of stress and toxicity gene expression in human hepatic cells treated with Efavirenz. Antiviral Res 2012; 94:232-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2012.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2012] [Revised: 04/05/2012] [Accepted: 04/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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