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Molonia MS, Speciale A, Muscarà C, Salamone FL, Saija A, Cimino F. Low concentrations of α-lipoic acid reduce palmitic acid-induced alterations in murine hypertrophic adipocytes. Nat Prod Res 2024; 38:916-925. [PMID: 37129014 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2023.2207137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a metabolic disorder with excessive body fat accumulation, increasing incidence of chronic metabolic diseases. Hypertrophic obesity is associated with local oxidative stress and inflammation. Herein, we evaluated the in vitro activity of micromolar concentrations of α-lipoic acid (ALA) on palmitic acid (PA)-exposed murine hypertrophic 3T3-L1 adipocytes, focussing on the main molecular pathways involved in adipogenesis, inflammation, and insulin resistance. ALA, starting from 1 µM, decreased adipocytes hypertrophy, reducing PA-triggered intracellular lipid accumulation, PPAR-γ levels, and FABP4 gene expression, and counteracted PA-induced intracellular ROS levels and NF-κB activation. ALA reverted PA-induced insulin resistance, restoring PI3K/Akt axis and inducing GLUT-1 and glucose uptake, showing insulin sensitizing properties since it increased their basal levels. In conclusion, this study supports the potential effects of low micromolar ALA against hypertrophy, inflammation, and insulin resistance in adipose tissue, suggesting its important role as pharmacological supplement in the prevention of conditions linked to obesity and metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Sofia Molonia
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
- "Prof. Antonio Imbesi" Foundation, University of Messina,Messina, Italy
| | - Antonio Speciale
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Claudia Muscarà
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Federica Lina Salamone
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Antonella Saija
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Francesco Cimino
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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Kabin E, Dong Y, Roy S, Smirnova J, Smith JW, Ralle M, Summers K, Yang H, Dev S, Wang Y, Devenney B, Cole RN, Palumaa P, Lutsenko S. α-lipoic acid ameliorates consequences of copper overload by up-regulating selenoproteins and decreasing redox misbalance. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2305961120. [PMID: 37751556 PMCID: PMC10556618 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2305961120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
α-lipoic acid (LA) is an essential cofactor for mitochondrial dehydrogenases and is required for cell growth, metabolic fuel production, and antioxidant defense. In vitro, LA binds copper (Cu) with high affinity and as an endogenous membrane permeable metabolite could be advantageous in mitigating the consequences of Cu overload in human diseases. We tested this hypothesis in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes with inactivated Cu transporter Atp7a; these cells accumulate Cu and show morphologic changes and mitochondria impairment. Treatment with LA corrected the morphology of Atp7a-/- cells similar to the Cu chelator bathocuproinedisulfonate (BCS) and improved mitochondria function; however, the mechanisms of LA and BCS action were different. Unlike BCS, LA did not decrease intracellular Cu but instead increased selenium levels that were low in Atp7a-/- cells. Proteome analysis confirmed distinct cell responses to these compounds and identified upregulation of selenoproteins as the major effect of LA on preadipocytes. Upregulation of selenoproteins was associated with an improved GSH:GSSG ratio in cellular compartments, which was lowered by elevated Cu, and reversal of protein oxidation. Thus, LA diminishes toxic effects of elevated Cu by improving cellular redox environment. We also show that selenium levels are decreased in tissues of a Wilson disease animal model, especially in the liver, making LA an attractive candidate for supplemental treatment of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Kabin
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn12618, Estonia
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutes, Baltimore, MD21205
| | - Yixuan Dong
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutes, Baltimore, MD21205
| | - Shubhrajit Roy
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutes, Baltimore, MD21205
| | - Julia Smirnova
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn12618, Estonia
| | - Joshua W. Smith
- Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Core, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutes, Baltimore, MD21205
| | - Martina Ralle
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR97201
| | - Kelly Summers
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutes, Baltimore, MD21205
| | - Haojun Yang
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutes, Baltimore, MD21205
| | - Som Dev
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutes, Baltimore, MD21205
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutes, Baltimore, MD21205
| | - Benjamin Devenney
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutes, Baltimore, MD21205
| | - Robert N. Cole
- Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Core, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutes, Baltimore, MD21205
| | - Peep Palumaa
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn12618, Estonia
| | - Svetlana Lutsenko
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutes, Baltimore, MD21205
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Capece U, Moffa S, Improta I, Di Giuseppe G, Nista EC, Cefalo CMA, Cinti F, Pontecorvi A, Gasbarrini A, Giaccari A, Mezza T. Alpha-Lipoic Acid and Glucose Metabolism: A Comprehensive Update on Biochemical and Therapeutic Features. Nutrients 2022; 15:nu15010018. [PMID: 36615676 PMCID: PMC9824456 DOI: 10.3390/nu15010018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) is a natural compound with antioxidant and pro-oxidant properties which has effects on the regulation of insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion. ALA is widely prescribed in patients with diabetic polyneuropathy due to its positive effects on nerve conduction and alleviation of symptoms. It is, moreover, also prescribed in other insulin resistance conditions such as metabolic syndrome (SM), polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and obesity. However, several cases of Insulin Autoimmune Syndrome (IAS) have been reported in subjects taking ALA. The aim of the present review is to describe the main chemical and biological functions of ALA in glucose metabolism, focusing on its antioxidant activity, its role in modulating insulin sensitivity and secretion and in symptomatic peripheral diabetic polyneuropathy. We also provide a potential explanation for increased risk for the development of IAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umberto Capece
- Endocrinology and Diabetology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Simona Moffa
- Endocrinology and Diabetology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Ilaria Improta
- Endocrinology and Diabetology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Di Giuseppe
- Endocrinology and Diabetology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico Celestino Nista
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara M. A. Cefalo
- Endocrinology and Diabetology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Cinti
- Endocrinology and Diabetology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Alfredo Pontecorvi
- Endocrinology and Diabetology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Giaccari
- Endocrinology and Diabetology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Teresa Mezza
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
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Borah AK, Sharma P, Singh A, Kalita KJ, Saha S, Chandra Borah J. Adipose and non-adipose perspectives of plant derived natural compounds for mitigation of obesity. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 280:114410. [PMID: 34273447 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Phyto-preparations and phyto-compounds, by their natural origin, easy availability, cost-effectiveness, and fruitful traditional uses based on accumulated experiences, have been extensively explored to mitigate the global burden of obesity. AIM OF THIS REVIEW The review aimed to analyse and critically summarize the prospect of future anti-obesity drug leads from the extant array of phytochemicals for mitigation of obesity, using adipose related targets (adipocyte formation, lipid metabolism, and thermogenesis) and non-adipose targets (hepatic lipid metabolism, appetite, satiety, and pancreatic lipase activity). Phytochemicals as inhibitors of adipocyte differentiation, modulators of lipid metabolism, and thermogenic activators of adipocytes are specifically discussed with their non-adipose anti-obesogenic targets. MATERIALS AND METHODS PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and SciFinder were accessed to collect data on traditional medicinal plants, compounds derived from plants, their reported anti-obesity mechanisms, and therapeutic targets. The taxonomically accepted name of each plant in this review has been vetted from "The Plant List" (www.theplantlist.org) or MPNS (http://mpns.kew.org). RESULTS Available knowledge of a large number of phytochemicals, across a range of adipose and non-adipose targets, has been critically analysed and delineated by graphical and tabular depictions, towards mitigation of obesity. Neuro-endocrinal modulation in non-adipose targets brought into sharp dual focus, both non-adipose and adipose targets as the future of anti-obesity research. Numerous phytochemicals (Berberine, Xanthohumol, Ursolic acid, Guggulsterone, Tannic acid, etc.) have been found to be effectively reducing weight through lowered adipocyte formation, increased lipolysis, decreased lipogenesis, and enhanced thermogenesis. They have been affirmed as potential anti-obesity drugs of future because of their effectiveness yet having no threat to adipose or systemic insulin sensitivity. CONCLUSION Due to high molecular diversity and a greater ratio of benefit to risk, plant derived compounds hold high therapeutic potential to tackle obesity and associated risks. This review has been able to generate fresh perspectives on the anti-diabetic/anti-hyperglycemic/anti-obesity effect of phytochemicals. It has also brought into the focus that many phytochemicals demonstrating in vitro anti-obesogenic effects are yet to undergo in vivo investigation which could lead to potential phyto-molecules for dedicated anti-obesity action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuj Kumar Borah
- Dept. of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Napaam, Tezpur, 784028, Assam, India
| | - Pranamika Sharma
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Life Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science & Technology, Guwahati, 781035, Assam, India
| | - Archana Singh
- Dept. of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Napaam, Tezpur, 784028, Assam, India
| | - Kangkan Jyoti Kalita
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Life Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science & Technology, Guwahati, 781035, Assam, India
| | - Sougata Saha
- Dept. of Biotechnology, NIT Durgapur, West Bengal, 713209, India
| | - Jagat Chandra Borah
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Life Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science & Technology, Guwahati, 781035, Assam, India.
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Lee DK, Jang HD. Carnosic Acid Attenuates an Early Increase in ROS Levels during Adipocyte Differentiation by Suppressing Translation of Nox4 and Inducing Translation of Antioxidant Enzymes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22116096. [PMID: 34198827 PMCID: PMC8201016 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22116096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate molecular mechanisms underlying the ability of carnosic acid to attenuate an early increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels during MDI-induced adipocyte differentiation. The levels of superoxide anion and ROS were determined using dihydroethidium (DHE) and 2′-7′-dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCFH-DA), respectively. Both superoxide anion and ROS levels peaked on the second day of differentiation. They were suppressed by carnosic acid. Carnosic acid attenuates the translation of NADPH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) oxidase 4 (Nox4), p47phox, and p22phox, and the phosphorylation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and NF-κB inhibitor (IkBa). The translocation of NF-κB into the nucleus was also decreased by carnosic acid. In addition, carnosic acid increased the translation of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), γ–glutamylcysteine synthetase (γ-GCSc), and glutathione S-transferase (GST) and both the translation and nuclear translocation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). Taken together, these results indicate that carnosic acid could down-regulate ROS level in an early stage of MPI-induced adipocyte differentiation by attenuating ROS generation through suppression of NF-κB-mediated translation of Nox4 enzyme and increasing ROS neutralization through induction of Nrf2-mediated translation of phase II antioxidant enzymes such as HO-1, γ-GCS, and GST, leading to its anti-adipogenetic effect.
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He B, Moreau R. R-α-Lipoic Acid and 4-Phenylbutyric Acid Have Distinct Hypolipidemic Mechanisms in Hepatic Cells. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8080289. [PMID: 32824248 PMCID: PMC7460023 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8080289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The constitutive activation of the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) leads to the overproduction of apoB-containing triacylglycerol-rich lipoproteins in HepG2 cells. R-α-lipoic acid (LA) and 4-phenylbutyric acid (PBA) have hypolipidemic function but their mechanisms of action are not well understood. Here, we reported that LA and PBA regulate hepatocellular lipid metabolism via distinct mechanisms. The use of SQ22536, an inhibitor of adenylyl cyclase, revealed cAMP’s involvement in the upregulation of CPT1A expression by LA but not by PBA. LA decreased the secretion of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) in the culture media of hepatic cells and increased the abundance of LDL receptor (LDLR) in cellular extracts in part through transcriptional upregulation. Although PBA induced LDLR gene expression, it did not translate into more LDLR proteins. PBA regulated cellular lipid homeostasis through the induction of CPT1A and INSIG2 expression via an epigenetic mechanism involving the acetylation of histone H3, histone H4, and CBP-p300 at the CPT1A and INSIG2 promoters.
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Rahmanabadi A, Mahboob S, Amirkhizi F, Hosseinpour-Arjmand S, Ebrahimi-Mameghani M. Oral α-lipoic acid supplementation in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: effects on adipokines and liver histology features. Food Funct 2019; 10:4941-4952. [PMID: 31343010 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo00449a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Considering the importance of adipokines in the pathophysiology of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and due to the possible beneficial effects of α-lipoic acid (α-LA) on these adipose-derived hormones, this study aimed to investigate the effect of α-LA supplementation on adipokines and liver steatosis in obese patients with NAFLD. In a double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial with two parallel groups, fifty patients with NAFLD were randomized to receive daily supplementation with either two capsules of α-LA (each capsule containing 600 mg α-LA) or two placebo capsules, daily for 12 weeks. At the baseline, all participants received consultation on how to implement a healthy diet into their daily lives. Anthropometric measures, dietary intakes, liver enzymes and adipokines were assessed at the baseline and after 12 weeks of intervention. A significant reduction was observed in the serum levels of insulin (P = 0.024) and leptin (P = 0.019) in the α-LA group compared to the placebo group, but changes in anthropometric and body composition measures, serum glucose (FSG), resistin, irisin and liver enzymes did not differ between the groups. α-LA supplementation resulted in a statistically significant elevation in the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) (P = 0.033), serum levels of adiponectin (P = 0.008) and adiponectin-to-leptin ratio (P = 0.007) compared to the placebo. The liver steatosis intensity improved significantly. Nonetheless, no significant differences were observed between the study groups in the liver steatosis intensity, at the end of the study. According to the results, α-LA supplementation for 12 weeks improved insulin resistance, serum levels of insulin, adiponectin and leptin without changing anthropometric measures, serum liver enzymes, resistin and irisin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Rahmanabadi
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Formoso G, Baldassarre MP, Ginestra F, Carlucci MA, Bucci I, Consoli A. Inositol and antioxidant supplementation: Safety and efficacy in pregnancy. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2019; 35:e3154. [PMID: 30889626 PMCID: PMC6617769 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Pregnancies complicated by diabetes have largely increased in number over the last 50 years. Pregnancy is characterized by a physiologic increase in insulin resistance, which, associated with increased oxidative stress and inflammations, could induce alterations of glucose metabolism and diabetes. If not optimally controlled, these conditions have a negative impact on maternal and foetal outcomes. To date, one can resort only to diet and lifestyle to treat obesity and insulin resistance during pregnancy, and insulin remains the only therapeutic option to manage diabetes during pregnancy. However, in the last years, in a variety of experimental models, inositol and antioxidants supplementation have shown insulin-sensitizing, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties, which could be mediated by some possible complementary mechanism of action. Different isomers and multiple combinations of these compounds are presently available: Aim of the present review article is to examine the existing evidence in order to clarify and/or define the effects of different inositol- and antioxidant-based supplements during pregnancy complicated by insulin resistance and/or by diabetes. This could help the clinician's evaluation and choice of the appropriate supplementation regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Formoso
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences and Centro Scienze dell'Invecchiamento‐Medicina Traslazionale (CeSI‐MeT)University G. D'AnnunzioChietiItaly
| | - Maria P.A. Baldassarre
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences and Centro Scienze dell'Invecchiamento‐Medicina Traslazionale (CeSI‐MeT)University G. D'AnnunzioChietiItaly
| | - Federica Ginestra
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences and Centro Scienze dell'Invecchiamento‐Medicina Traslazionale (CeSI‐MeT)University G. D'AnnunzioChietiItaly
| | - Maria Assunta Carlucci
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences and Centro Scienze dell'Invecchiamento‐Medicina Traslazionale (CeSI‐MeT)University G. D'AnnunzioChietiItaly
| | - Ines Bucci
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences and Centro Scienze dell'Invecchiamento‐Medicina Traslazionale (CeSI‐MeT)University G. D'AnnunzioChietiItaly
| | - Agostino Consoli
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences and Centro Scienze dell'Invecchiamento‐Medicina Traslazionale (CeSI‐MeT)University G. D'AnnunzioChietiItaly
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Yin C, Liu WH, Liu Y, Wang L, Xiao Y. PID1 alters the antilipolytic action of insulin and increases lipolysis via inhibition of AKT/PKA pathway activation. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0214606. [PMID: 30990811 PMCID: PMC6467375 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of phosphotyrosine interaction domain containing 1 (PID1) on the insulin-induced activation of the AKT (protein kinase B)/protein kinase A (PKA)/hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) pathway and lipolysis. Methods Sprague–Dawley rats were fed either chow or a high-fat diet (HFD). The levels of insulin, glycerol, free fatty acids (FFAs) and PID1 mRNA expression were measured in the 2 groups. Furthermore, we examined the role of PID1 in the regulation of the AKT/PKA/HSL cascade and lipolysis in the 3T3-L1 cell line. Results Adipose tissue from HFD rats exhibited elevated PID1 expression, which showed a positive correlation with insulin levels and lipolysis. In 3T3-L1 adipocytes, we found that the antilipolytic effect of insulin is mediated by AKT and that phosphorylated AKT results in the promotion of PDE3B expression, the dephosphorylation of PKA and HSL and the suppression of glycerol release. However, overexpression of PID1 and treatment with 1 μM isoproterenol and 100 nM insulin for 24 h resulted in an increased release of glycerol and a noticeable inhibition of AKT phosphorylation, PDE3B expression and the phosphorylation of PKA/HSL in 3T3-L1 cells. In contrast, knockdown of PID1 and treatment with the above reagents inhibited lipolysis and activated the phosphorylation of AKT, which resulted in the dephosphorylation of PKA and HSL. Conclusions Our findings indicate that PID1 in adipose tissue increases lipolysis by altering the antilipolytic action of insulin. This suggests that PID1 may represent a new therapeutic target to ameliorate adipocyte lipolysis and hence improve insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Yin
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shan Xi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei hua Liu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shan Xi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuesheng Liu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shan Xi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shan Xi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanfeng Xiao
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shan Xi, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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Li W, Wei F, Xu B, Sun Q, Deng W, Ma H, Bai J, Li S. Effect of stocking density and alpha-lipoic acid on the growth performance, physiological and oxidative stress and immune response of broilers. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2019; 32:1914-1922. [PMID: 31010966 PMCID: PMC6819680 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.18.0939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Objective The study was conducted to evaluate the effect of stocking density and alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) on the growth performance, feed utilization, carcass traits, antioxidative ability and immune response of broilers. Methods A total of 1,530 22-day-old male broilers (Arbor Acres) with comparable body weights (731.92±5.26) were placed into 18 cages (2.46×2.02 m) in groups of 75 birds (15 birds/m2, 37.5 kg/m2; low stocking density [LD]), 90 birds (18 birds/m2, 45.0 kg/m2; high stocking density [HD]) and 90 birds with 300 mg/kg ALA added to the basal diet (18 birds/m2, 45.0 kg/m2; HD+ALA, high stocking density+α-lipoic acid); each treatment was represented by 6 replicates. The experimental period was 3 weeks. Results The results showed that the high stocking density regimen resulted in a decreased growth, feed conversion ratio, carcass weight, thigh yield and bursa weight relative to body weight (p<0.05) on d 42. The abdominal fat yield in the HD+ALA group was lower (p = 0.031) than that of the LD group at 42 d. The superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities in serum were increased, and malondialdehyde content decreased after adding ALA product (p<0.05) on d 42. Additionally, the serum concentrations of immunoglobulin A (IgA) and IgG were decreased (p<0.05) and the level of diamine oxidase was higher (p< 0.01) in the HD group on d 42. Conclusion The high stocking density significantly decreased broiler growth performance, feed utilization and carcass traits, increased physiological and oxidative stress and induced intestinal mucosal injury. The supplementation of ALA product in broiler diet at 300 mg/kg may reduce the adverse effects of high stocking density-mediated stress by maintaining the antioxidant system and humoral immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjia Li
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, China
| | - Fengxian Wei
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, China
| | - Bin Xu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, China
| | - Quanyou Sun
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, China
| | - Wen Deng
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, China
| | - Huihui Ma
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, China
| | - Jie Bai
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, China
| | - Shaoyu Li
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, China
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The Immunomodulatory Effect of Alpha-Lipoic Acid in Autoimmune Diseases. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:8086257. [PMID: 31016198 PMCID: PMC6446120 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8086257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Αlpha-lipoic acid is a naturally occurring antioxidant in human body and has been widely used as an antioxidant clinically. Accumulating evidences suggested that α-lipoic acid might have immunomodulatory effects on both adaptive and innate immune systems. This review focuses on the evidences and potential targets involved in the immunomodulatory effects of α-lipoic acid. It highlights the fact that α-lipoic acid may have beneficial effects in autoimmune diseases once the immunomodulatory effects can be confirmed by further investigation.
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Kubota Y, Musashi M, Nagasawa T, Shimura N, Igarashi R, Yamaguchi Y. Novel nanocapsule of α-lipoic acid reveals pigmentation improvement: α-Lipoic acid stimulates the proliferation and differentiation of keratinocyte in murine skin by topical application. Exp Dermatol 2019; 28 Suppl 1:55-63. [DOI: 10.1111/exd.13828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiki Kubota
- Department of Research and Development; Nanoegg Research Laboratories, Inc. Advanced Medicine and Healthcare Research Laboratories; Kawasaki-shi Kanagawa Japan
| | - Mina Musashi
- Department of Research and Development; Nanoegg Research Laboratories, Inc. Advanced Medicine and Healthcare Research Laboratories; Kawasaki-shi Kanagawa Japan
| | - Teruaki Nagasawa
- Department of Research and Development; Nanoegg Research Laboratories, Inc. Advanced Medicine and Healthcare Research Laboratories; Kawasaki-shi Kanagawa Japan
| | - Nanako Shimura
- Department of Research and Development; Nanoegg Research Laboratories, Inc. Advanced Medicine and Healthcare Research Laboratories; Kawasaki-shi Kanagawa Japan
| | - Rie Igarashi
- Department of Research and Development; Nanoegg Research Laboratories, Inc. Advanced Medicine and Healthcare Research Laboratories; Kawasaki-shi Kanagawa Japan
- Institute of Medical Science; School of Medicine; St. Marianna University; Kawasaki-shi Kanagawa Japan
| | - Yoko Yamaguchi
- Department of Research and Development; Nanoegg Research Laboratories, Inc. Advanced Medicine and Healthcare Research Laboratories; Kawasaki-shi Kanagawa Japan
- Institute of Medical Science; School of Medicine; St. Marianna University; Kawasaki-shi Kanagawa Japan
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Castellanos-Gutiérrez A, Sánchez-Pimienta TG, Carriquiry A, da Costa THM, Ariza AC. Higher dietary magnesium intake is associated with lower body mass index, waist circumference and serum glucose in Mexican adults. Nutr J 2018; 17:114. [PMID: 30518394 PMCID: PMC6282375 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-018-0422-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity and diabetes mellitus (DM) are public health concerns in Mexico of top-level priority due to their high prevalence and their growth rate in recent decades. The accumulation of adipose tissue leads to an unbalanced release of pro-oxidant factors, which causes cellular damage and favors the development of comorbidities. Recent evidence suggests that oxidative stress also promotes the accumulation of adipose tissue and the development of insulin resistance. The objective of this study is to evaluate the association between usual intake of antioxidant nutrients, specifically vitamins A, C, E and magnesium with body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and serum glucose concentrations in a representative sample of Mexican adults. METHODOLOGY We analyzed data on diet, BMI, WC and serum glucose from the Mexican National Health and Nutrition Survey 2012. Analysis included 20- to 65-year-old adults without a known diagnosis of DM (n = 1573). Dietary information was obtained using the five-step multiple-pass method developed by the United States Department of Agriculture and adapted to the Mexican context. Nutrient usual intake distributions were estimated using the Iowa State University method, through the "Software for Intake Distribution Estimation" (PC-Side) v.1.02. Associations were analyzed using multivariate regression models. RESULTS Higher dietary magnesium intake was associated with lower markers of adiposity, so that an increase in 10 mg per 1000 kcal/day of magnesium was associated with an average decrease in BMI of 0.72% (95% CI: -1.36, - 0.08) and 0.49 cm (95% CI: -0.92, - 0.07) of WC. Additionally, in women with normal glucose concentrations, an increase in magnesium intake was associated with an average decrease in serum glucose by 0.59% (95% CI: -1.08, - 0.09). CONCLUSION The results suggest that magnesium intake is associated with lower BMI, WC and serum glucose in Mexican population. However, more studies are required to elucidate the nature of this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Analí Castellanos-Gutiérrez
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Mexico. Av. Universidad 655, Col. Santa María Ahuacatitlán. Cerrada los pinos y caminera. C.P, 62100 Cuernavaca, Morelos Mexico
| | - Tania G. Sánchez-Pimienta
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Mexico. Av. Universidad 655, Col. Santa María Ahuacatitlán. Cerrada los pinos y caminera. C.P, 62100 Cuernavaca, Morelos Mexico
| | - Alicia Carriquiry
- Department of Statistics, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011 USA
| | - Teresa H. M. da Costa
- Department of Nutrition, School of Health Science, University of Brasilia, Brasilia - DF, CEP 70910-900 Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Ariza
- National Council of Science and Technology (CONACYT) - Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos Mexico
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Kim J, Kim HJ, Lee M. The suppressive effect of Gelidium amansi- EtOH extracts on the adipogenesis with MAPK signals in adipocytes with or without macrophages. Food Sci Biotechnol 2018; 26:1715-1723. [PMID: 30263710 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-017-0230-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To elucidate the anti-inflammatory and anti-adipogenetic effects of Gelidium amansii (GA) ethanol extracts and their mechanisms, we performed two culture systems, adipocytes cultured with or without macrophages. Purified GA-3 fraction (GAE) contains high flavonoids and phenolics, reduced the mRNA levels of PPARγ and C/EBPα with GLUT4 expression in adipocyte with or without macrophages. GAE also increased the protein expression of HSL and ATGL enzymes, lipolysis biomarkers in fat cells. In co-culture system, GAE suppressed not only the transcription factors for adipogenesis, but also the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, TNF-α. Compared to MAPK pathways such as JNK and p-38, the phosphorylation of both ERK1/2 (Thr202/Tyr204) was strongly suppressed by GAE with dose-dependent manner in both culture system. Otherwise, an increased JNK expression caused by GAE treatments blocked an insulin-induced GLUT4 translocation in adipocytes culture. In conclusion, GAE depressed the expression of adipogenetic genes, corresponding to a reduction in fat accumulation while preadipocytes developed into adipocytes with the modulation of MAPK pathways and inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeoungyeon Kim
- 1Research Institute of Obesity Sciences, Sungshin Women's University, Seoul, 01133 Republic of Korea
| | - Hack-Ju Kim
- Seojin Biotech Co. Ltd., Dongbaekjunang-ro, Giheung-Gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17015 Republic of Korea
| | - Myoungsook Lee
- 1Research Institute of Obesity Sciences, Sungshin Women's University, Seoul, 01133 Republic of Korea
- 3Department of Food and Nutrition and Research Institute of Obesity Science, Sungshin Women's University, Seoul, 01133 Republic of Korea
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The protein-sparing effect of α-lipoic acid in juvenile grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idellus: effects on lipolysis, fatty acid β-oxidation and protein synthesis. Br J Nutr 2018; 120:977-987. [DOI: 10.1017/s000711451800226x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
AbstractTo investigate the protein-sparing effect of α-lipoic acid (LA), experimental fish (initial body weight: 18·99 (sd 1·82) g) were fed on a 0, 600 or 1200 mg/kg α-LA diet for 56 d, and hepatocytes were treated with 20 μm compound C, the inhibitor of AMP kinase α (AMPKα), treated for 30 min before α-LA treatment for 24 h. LA significantly decreased lipid content of the whole body and other tissues (P<0·05), and it also promoted protein deposition in vivo (P<0·05). Further, dietary LA significantly decreased the TAG content of serum and increased the NEFA content of serum (P<0·05); however, there were no significant differences among all groups in the hepatopancreas and muscle (P>0·05). Consistent with results from the experiment in vitro, LA activated phosphorylation of AMPKα and notably increased the protein content of adipose TAG lipase in intraperitoneal fat, hepatopancreas and muscle in vivo (P<0·05). Meanwhile, LA significantly up-regulated the mRNA expression of genes involved in fatty acid β-oxidation in the same three areas, and LA also obviously down-regulated the mRNA expression of genes involved in amino acid catabolism in muscle (P<0·05). Besides, it was observed that LA significantly activated the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway in muscle of experimental fish (P<0·05). LA could promote lipolysis and fatty acid β-oxidation via increasing energy supply from lipid catabolism, and then, it could economise on the protein from energy production to increase protein deposition in grass carp. Besides, LA might directly promote protein synthesis through activating the mTOR pathway.
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Sri Devi S, Ashokkumar N. Citral, a Monoterpene Inhibits Adipogenesis Through Modulation of Adipogenic Transcription Factors in 3T3-L1 Cells. Indian J Clin Biochem 2017; 33:414-421. [PMID: 30319187 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-017-0692-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is considered as a major global human health problem which significantly increases the risk for development of type 2 diabetes. Citral, a bioactive compound widely found in a variety of foods that are consumed daily. In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effect of citral against adipogenic genes in 3T3-L1 cells. The mouse fibroblast 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes were differentiated into adipocytes using adipogenic cocktail (5 g/ml insulin, 0.5 mM isobutylmethylxanthine and 10 M dexamethasone). Differentiation of adipocytes was evaluated by assessing triglyceride accumulation assay and cell viability by MTT assay. The PI3K/AKT signaling, adipogenic specific transcription factors (PPARγ, SREBP-1c, FAS and CPD) and inflammatory genes (TNF-α, IL-6 and MCP-1) were analyzed by western blotting and reverse transcriptase PCR in differentiated 3T3-L1 cell lines. In this study, triglyceride accumulation was increased in adipogenic cocktail induced 3T3-L1 cells, whereas treatment of citral significantly decreased levels of triglyceride accumulation in concentration dependent manner. Further, MTT assay shows that there was no reduction of cell viability during the differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells. The differentiated 3T3-L1 cell significantly increases the expression of PI3K/AKT, adipogenic transcription factors (PPARγ, SREBP-1c, FAS and CPD) and inflammatory biomarkers (TNF-α, IL-6 and MCP-1). Conversely, cells were treated with citral significantly suppress the expression of PI3K/AKT, PPARγ, SREBP-1c, FAS, CPD, TNF-α, IL-6 and MCP-1 in dose dependent manner. Thus, citral exhibits beneficial effects to inhibit adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes through the modulation of adipogenic transcription factors and inflammatory markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subramaniam Sri Devi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu 608 002 India
| | - Natarajan Ashokkumar
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu 608 002 India
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Gupta A, Singh VK, Kumar D, Yadav P, Kumar S, Beg M, Shankar K, Varshney S, Rajan S, Srivastava A, Choudhary R, Balaramnavar VM, Bhatta R, Tadigoppula N, Gaikwad AN. Curcumin-3,4-Dichloro Phenyl Pyrazole (CDPP) overcomes curcumin's low bioavailability, inhibits adipogenesis and ameliorates dyslipidemia by activating reverse cholesterol transport. Metabolism 2017; 73:109-124. [PMID: 28732567 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2017.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adipocyte dysfunction, obesity and associated metabolic disorders are of prime healthcare concern worldwide. Among available medications, natural products and inspired molecules hold 40% space in clinically prescribed medicines. In queue, this study overcomes the drawback of curcumin's low bioavailability with potent anti-adipogenic and anti-dyslipidemic activity. METHODS To evaluate the role of CDPP on adipocyte differentiation, 3T3-L1 adipocytes were used as an in-vitro model. Flow cytometry was performed for cell cycle analysis. Syrian golden hamsters were used to study pharmacokinetic profile and dyslipidemic activity exhibited by CDPP. RESULT CDPP was found to be a potent inhibitor of adipogenesis in-vitro. It blocked mitotic clonal expansion by causing cell cycle arrest. CDPP showed marked improvement in gastrointestinal stability and bioavailability in-vivo as compared to curcumin. Administration of CDPP (100mg/kg) significantly improved HFD induced dyslipidemic profile in hamsters and activated reverse cholesterol transport machinery. CONCLUSION CDPP could be used as a potential drug candidate against adipogenesis and dyslipidemia with enhanced gastrointestinal stability and bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Gupta
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Vinay Kumar Singh
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Durgesh Kumar
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Pragya Yadav
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi 110025, India; Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Santosh Kumar
- Division of Pharmacokinetics, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Muheeb Beg
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Kripa Shankar
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Salil Varshney
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Sujith Rajan
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Ankita Srivastava
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Rakhi Choudhary
- Global Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jaspur Road, Kashipur 244713, India
| | - Vishal M Balaramnavar
- Global Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jaspur Road, Kashipur 244713, India
| | - Rabi Bhatta
- Division of Pharmacokinetics, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Narender Tadigoppula
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India.
| | - Anil Nilkanth Gaikwad
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India.
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Biochemical and clinical relevance of alpha lipoic acid: antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity, molecular pathways and therapeutic potential. Inflamm Res 2017; 66:947-959. [PMID: 28676917 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-017-1079-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The molecular nature of lipoic acid (LA) clarifies its capability of taking part to a variety of biochemical reactions where redox state is meaningful. The pivotal action of LA is the antioxidant activity due to its ability to scavenge and inactivate free radicals. Furthermore, LA has been shown to chelate toxic metals both directly and indirectly by its capability to enhance intracellular glutathione (GSH) levels. This last property is due to its ability to interact with GSH and recycle endogenous GSH. LA exhibits significant antioxidant activity protecting against oxidative damage in several diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders. Interestingly, LA is unique among natural antioxidants for its capability to satisfy a lot of requirements, making it a potentially highly effective therapeutic agent for many conditions related with oxidative damage. In particular, there are evidences showing that LA has therapeutic activity in lowering glucose levels in diabetic conditions. Similarly, LA supplementation has multiple beneficial effects on the regression of the mitochondrial function and on oxidative stress associated with several diseases and aging. AIM The aim of the present review is to describe the molecular mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of LA under various experimental conditions and disease and how to exploit such effect for clinical purposes. CONCLUSION LA has pleiotropic effects in different pathways related with several diseases, its use as a potential therapeutic agent is very promising.
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Han J, Choi HY, Dayem AA, Kim K, Yang G, Won J, Do SH, Kim JH, Jeong KS, Cho SG. Regulation of Adipogenesis Through Differential Modulation of ROS and Kinase Signaling Pathways by 3,4'-Dihydroxyflavone Treatment. J Cell Biochem 2017; 118:1065-1077. [PMID: 27579626 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Studies on adipogenesis may be important for regulating human and/or animal obesity, which causes several complications such as, type II diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease, thus giving rise to increased economic burden in many countries. Previous reports revealed that various flavonoids have anti-apoptotic, antioxidant, and cell differentiation-regulating activities with a number of physiological benefits, including protection from cardiovascular disease, cancers, and oxidative stress. As we found that the hydroxylation patterns of the flavonoid B ring are known to play a critical role in their function, we screened several flavonoids containing different numbers and positions of OH substitutions in B ring for their modulatory property on adipogenesis. In this study, we revealed the anti-adipogenic activity of the naturally derived flavonoid, 3,4'-dihydroxyflavone (3,4'-DHF) in murine 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes and equine adipose-derived stromal cells (eADSCs). We found that treatment with 3,4'-dihydroxyflavone (3,4'-DHF) led to decreased expression of adipogenic markers and lipid deposition with differential modulation of ROS and kinase signaling pathways. Regulation of ROS generation through the differential modulation of ROS-regulating gene expression was revealed to have an important role in the suppression of adipogenesis and increase of osteogenesis in eADSCs following 3,4'-DHF treatment. These results suggest that the flavonoid 3,4'-DHF can be used to regulate adipogenesis in ADSCs, which has potential therapeutic application in regenerative medicine or health care for humans and many sport or companion animals. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 1065-1077, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihae Han
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Animal Resources Research Center, Bio-Organ Research Center, and Incurable Disease Animal Model and Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Yeon Choi
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Animal Resources Research Center, Bio-Organ Research Center, and Incurable Disease Animal Model and Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Ahmed Abdal Dayem
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Animal Resources Research Center, Bio-Organ Research Center, and Incurable Disease Animal Model and Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeongseok Kim
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Animal Resources Research Center, Bio-Organ Research Center, and Incurable Disease Animal Model and Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwangmo Yang
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Animal Resources Research Center, Bio-Organ Research Center, and Incurable Disease Animal Model and Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihye Won
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Animal Resources Research Center, Bio-Organ Research Center, and Incurable Disease Animal Model and Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Hee Do
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Hoi Kim
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Animal Resources Research Center, Bio-Organ Research Center, and Incurable Disease Animal Model and Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Shik Jeong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 702-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Ssang-Goo Cho
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Animal Resources Research Center, Bio-Organ Research Center, and Incurable Disease Animal Model and Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
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Salehi R, Ambrose DJ. Prepartum maternal diets supplemented with oilseeds alter the fatty acid profile in bovine neonatal plasma possibly through reduced placental expression of fatty acid transporter protein 4 and fatty acid translocase. Reprod Fertil Dev 2017; 29:1846-1855. [DOI: 10.1071/rd15476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we determined the effects of maternal dietary fat and the type of fat on plasma fatty acids and the expression of placental fatty acid transporter genes. In Experiment 1, Holstein cows in the last 35 days of gestation received diets containing sunflower seed (n = 8; high in linoleic acid (LA)), canola seed (n = 7; high in oleic acid (OLA)) or no oilseed (n = 7; control). Fatty acids were quantified in dam and neonate plasma at calving. In Experiment 2, placental cotyledons were collected (LA: n = 4; OLA: n = 4; control: n = 5) to quantify gene expression. Maternal long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, neonatal total n-3 fatty acids and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) declined, whereas docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and total fat tended to decline following fat supplementation prepartum. Feeding of LA versus OLA prepartum tended to increase peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARA) expression, whereas peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor δ (PPARD) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARG) expression tended to be higher in OLA- than LA-fed cows. Expression of fatty acid transporter protein 4 (FATP4) and fatty acid translocase (FAT/CD36) expression was lower in placental tissue of cows fed fat compared with control cows. Reduced total n-3 fatty acids, EPA and DHA in neonates born of dams fed fat prepartum is likely due to changes in PPARs and reduced expression of placental FATP4 and FAT/CD36.
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Hwang S, Byun JW, Yoon JS, Lee EJ. Inhibitory Effects of α-Lipoic Acid on Oxidative Stress-Induced Adipogenesis in Orbital Fibroblasts From Patients With Graves Ophthalmopathy. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e2497. [PMID: 26765462 PMCID: PMC4718288 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000002497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A choice of the optimal treatment for Graves ophthalmopathy (GO) is a challenge due to the complexity of the pathogenesis. Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) is well known as a multifunctional antioxidant, helping to protect cells against oxidative stress and inflammatory damage.The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of ALA on intracellular production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), inflammation, and adipogenesis using primary cultured orbital fibroblasts from patients with GO.Intracellular ROS levels and mRNA expressions of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines including intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), interleukin (IL)-6, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, and regulated upon activation normal T cell expressed and presumably secreted (RANTES) were measured. After adipogenesis, the expressions of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γ, CCAAT-enhancer-binding proteins (C/EBP)α and β, and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) were investigated.H2O2 dose-dependently stimulated ROS production and HO-1 expression. Addition of ALA strongly attenuated ROS production and further increased HO-1 expression. However, by pretreatment of zinc protoporphyrin (ZnPP), HO-1 inhibitor, ALA inhibition of ROS generation by H2O2 was abolished. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α-induced mRNA expressions of ICAM-1, IL-6, MCP-1, and RANTES were inhibited by ALA treatment. In this context, TNFα-induced phosphorylation of P65 was also inhibited. In addition, ALA dose-dependently inhibited H2O2-induced intracellular accumulation of lipid droplets. The expression of adipogenic transcription factors, including PPARγ, C/EBPα, and β, was also inhibited.ALA is a potential therapeutic agent for GO because of the inhibitory effects on ROS production and gene expression of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, resulting in prevention of adipose-tissue expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sena Hwang
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (SH, EJL); Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Science (JWB, EJL); and Department of Ophthalmology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (JSY)
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Effects of alpha-lipoic acid on chemerin secretion in 3T3-L1 and human adipocytes. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2015; 1861:260-8. [PMID: 26721419 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2015.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Revised: 12/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Chemerin is a novel adipokine associated with obesity and insulin resistance. α-Lipoic acid (α-LA) has shown beneficial properties on diabetes and obesity. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of α-LA on chemerin production in adipocytes in absence or presence of TNF-α, insulin and AICAR. The potential signaling pathways involved in α-LA effects on chemerin were also analyzed. α-LA actions on chemerin were tested in differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes and in some cases in human subcutaneous and omental adipocytes. Chemerin mRNA levels were measured by RT-PCR and the amount of chemerin secreted to culture media was determined by ELISA. α-LA induced a concentration-dependent inhibition on both chemerin secretion and mRNA levels in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. The AMPK activator AICAR and the PI3K inhibitor LY294002 dramatically abrogated both chemerin secretion and gene expression, and further potentiated the inhibitory effect of α-LA on chemerin secretion. Insulin was able to partially reverse the inhibitory action of α-LA on chemerin secretion. α-LA also reduced basal chemerin secretion in both subcutaneous and omental adipocytes from overweight/obese subjects. Moreover, α-LA was able to abolish the stimulatory effects of the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α on chemerin secretion. Our data demonstrated the ability of α-LA to inhibit chemerin production, an adipokine associated to obesity and metabolic syndrome, suggesting that the reduction of chemerin could contribute to the antiobesity/antidiabetic properties described for α-LA.
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Choi JW, Lee CW, Lee J, Choi DJ, Sohng JK, Park YI. 7,8-Dihydroxyflavone inhibits adipocyte differentiation via antioxidant activity and induces apoptosis in 3T3-L1 preadipocyte cells. Life Sci 2015; 144:103-12. [PMID: 26631505 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2015.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Revised: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Anti-obesity effects of a natural plant flavonoid 7,8-dihydroxyflavone (7,8-DHF) were evaluated using 3T3-L1 preadipocyte cells. MAIN METHODS The cell viability was determined using MTT assay. Effects of 7,8-DHF on intracellular lipid droplets and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) were measured using a 2,7-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCF-DA) assay and Oil Red O staining method, respectively. Apoptotic cell death was monitored by annexin V-FITC/PI double staining and by a TUNEL assay. Antioxidant enzyme mRNA levels and protein expression of adipogenic transcription factors were determined by real-time PCR and Western blotting, respectively. KEY FINDINGS Whereas the cell viability of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes was not affected by lower concentrations of 7,8-DHF (<20 μM), higher concentrations of 7,8-DHF (>20 μM) induced apoptotic cell death. 7,8-DHF (<20 μM) significantly reduced the intracellular lipid droplets and the expression of major adipogenic transcription factors, such as CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-α (C/EBP-α), C/EBP-β, and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ). 7,8-DHF treatment also dose-dependently reduced the intracellular ROS level, attenuated MAPK pathway activation, and increased the expression of antioxidant enzymes, such as Mn-superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD), catalase (CAT), and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). SIGNIFICANCE The results of this study indicated that 7,8-DHF inhibits the adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 preadipocyte cells by down-regulating the expression of adipogenic transcription factors, reduces lipid accumulation, and attenuates ROS accumulation by inducing antioxidant enzymes in differentiated 3T3-L1 cells, suggesting for the first time that 7,8-DHF has an anti-obesity effect in vitro via its anti-oxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Won Choi
- Department of Biotechnology, The CUK Agromedical Research Center, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do 420-743, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Won Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, The CUK Agromedical Research Center, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do 420-743, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisun Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, The CUK Agromedical Research Center, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do 420-743, Republic of Korea
| | - Doo Jin Choi
- Department of Biotechnology, The CUK Agromedical Research Center, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do 420-743, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Kyung Sohng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Institute of Biomolecule Reconstruction, Sun Moon University, Asansi, Chungnam 336-708, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Il Park
- Department of Biotechnology, The CUK Agromedical Research Center, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do 420-743, Republic of Korea.
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Wang X, Hai C. Redox modulation of adipocyte differentiation: hypothesis of "Redox Chain" and novel insights into intervention of adipogenesis and obesity. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 89:99-125. [PMID: 26187871 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Revised: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In view of the global prevalence of obesity and obesity-associated disorders, it is important to clearly understand how adipose tissue forms. Accumulating data from various laboratories implicate that redox status is closely associated with energy metabolism. Thus, biochemical regulation of the redox system may be an attractive alternative for the treatment of obesity-related disorders. In this work, we will review the current data detailing the role of the redox system in adipocyte differentiation, as well as identifying areas for further research. The redox system affects adipogenic differentiation in an extensive way. We propose that there is a complex and interactive "redox chain," consisting of a "ROS-generating enzyme chain," "combined antioxidant chain," and "transcription factor chain," which contributes to fine-tune the regulation of ROS level and subsequent biological consequences. The roles of the redox system in adipocyte differentiation are paradoxical. The redox system exerts a "tridimensional" mechanism in the regulation of adipocyte differentiation, including transcriptional, epigenetic, and posttranslational modulations. We suggest that redoxomic techniques should be extensively applied to understand the biological effects of redox alterations in a more integrated way. A stable and standardized "redox index" is urgently needed for the evaluation of the general redox status. Therefore, more effort should be made to establish and maintain a general redox balance rather than to conduct simple prooxidant or antioxidant interventions, which have comprehensive implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Department of Toxicology, Shaanxi Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
| | - Chunxu Hai
- Department of Toxicology, Shaanxi Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
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Park SJ, Park JH, Han A, Davaatseren M, Kim HJ, Kim MS, Hur HJ, Sung MJ, Hwang JT, Yang HJ, Kwon DY. Euphorbiasteroid, a component of Euphorbia lathyris L., inhibits adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 cells via activation of AMP-activated protein kinase. Cell Biochem Funct 2015; 33:220-5. [PMID: 25914364 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Revised: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of euphorbiasteroid, a component of Euphorbia lathyris L., on adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes and its underlying mechanisms. Euphorbiasteroid decreased differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells via reduction of intracellular triglyceride (TG) accumulation at concentrations of 25 and 50 μM. In addition, euphorbiasteroid altered the key regulator proteins of adipogenesis in the early stage of adipocyte differentiation by increasing the phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase. Subsequently, levels of adipogenic proteins, including fatty acid synthase, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α, were decreased by euphorbiasteroid treatment at the late stage of adipocyte differentiation. The anti-adipogenic effect of euphorbiasteroid may be derived from inhibition of early stage of adipocyte differentiation. Taken together, euphorbiasteroid inhibits adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 cells through activation of the AMPK pathway. Therefore, euphorbiasteroid and its source plant, E. lathyris L., could possibly be one of the fascinating anti-obesity agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Jin Park
- Korea Food Research Institute, Division of Nutrition And Metabolism Research, Seongnam-si, Korea
| | - Jae Ho Park
- Korea Food Research Institute, Division of Nutrition And Metabolism Research, Seongnam-si, Korea
| | - Anna Han
- The University of Tennessee-Knoxville, Department of Nutrition, College of Education, Health & Human Sciences, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Munkhtugs Davaatseren
- Konkuk University, Department of Bioresources and Food Science, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Seoul, Gwangjin-Gu, Korea
| | - Hyun Jin Kim
- Gyeongsang National University, Department of Food Science & Technology, Jinju, Korea
| | - Myung-Sunny Kim
- Korea Food Research Institute, Division of Nutrition And Metabolism Research, Seongnam-si, Korea
| | - Haeng Jeon Hur
- Korea Food Research Institute, Division of Nutrition And Metabolism Research, Seongnam-si, Korea
| | - Mi-Jeong Sung
- Korea Food Research Institute, Division of Nutrition And Metabolism Research, Seongnam-si, Korea
| | - Jin-Taek Hwang
- Korea Food Research Institute, Division of Nutrition And Metabolism Research, Seongnam-si, Korea
| | - Hye Jeong Yang
- Korea Food Research Institute, Division of Nutrition And Metabolism Research, Seongnam-si, Korea
| | - Dae Young Kwon
- Korea Food Research Institute, Division of Nutrition And Metabolism Research, Seongnam-si, Korea
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Fernández-Galilea M, Pérez-Matute P, Prieto-Hontoria PL, Houssier M, Burrell MA, Langin D, Martínez JA, Moreno-Aliaga MJ. α-Lipoic acid treatment increases mitochondrial biogenesis and promotes beige adipose features in subcutaneous adipocytes from overweight/obese subjects. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2014; 1851:273-81. [PMID: 25542506 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2014.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Revised: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
α-Lipoic acid (α-Lip) is a natural occurring antioxidant with beneficial anti-obesity properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the putative effects of α-Lip on mitochondrial biogenesis and the acquirement of brown-like characteristics by subcutaneous adipocytes from overweight/obese subjects. Thus, fully differentiated human subcutaneous adipocytes were treated with α-Lip (100 and 250μM) for 24h for studies on mitochondrial content and morphology, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number, fatty acid oxidation enzymes and brown/beige characteristic genes. The involvement of the Sirtuin1/Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, coactivator 1 alpha (SIRT1/PGC-1α) pathway was also evaluated. Our results showed that α-Lip increased mitochondrial content in cultured human adipocytes as revealed by electron microscopy and by mitotracker green labeling. Moreover, an enhancement in mtDNA content was observed. This increase was accompanied by an up-regulation of SIRT1 protein levels, a decrease in PGC-1α acetylation and up-regulation of Nuclear respiratory factor 1 (Nrf1) and Mitochondrial transcription factor (Tfam) transcription factors. Enhanced oxygen consumption and fatty acid oxidation enzymes, Carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1 and Acyl-coenzyme A oxidase (CPT-1 and ACOX) were also observed. Mitochondria from α-Lip-treated adipocytes exhibited some morphological characteristics of brown mitochondria, and α-Lip also induced up-regulation of some brown/beige adipocytes markers such as cell death-inducing DFFA-like effector a (Cidea) and T-box 1 (Tbx1). Moreover, α-Lip up-regulated PR domain containing 16 (Prdm16) mRNA levels in treated adipocytes. Therefore, our study suggests the ability of α-Lip to promote mitochondrial biogenesis and brown-like remodeling in cultured white subcutaneous adipocytes from overweight/obese donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Fernández-Galilea
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Patricia Pérez-Matute
- HIV and Associated Metabolic Alterations Unit, Infectious Diseases Department, Center for Biomedical Research of La Rioja (CIBIR), Logroño, Spain
| | - Pedro L Prieto-Hontoria
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Faculty of Health and Physical Activity Science, University SEK, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marianne Houssier
- INSERM, UMR1048, Obesity Research Laboratory, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Toulouse, France; University of Toulouse, UMR1048, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
| | - María A Burrell
- Department of Histology and Pathology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Dominique Langin
- INSERM, UMR1048, Obesity Research Laboratory, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Toulouse, France; University of Toulouse, UMR1048, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France; Toulouse University Hospitals, Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry, Toulouse, France
| | - J Alfredo Martínez
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - María J Moreno-Aliaga
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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Prashanth A, Jeyakumar SM, Singotamu L, Harishankar N, Giridharan NV, Vajreswari A. Mitochondriogenesis and apoptosis: possible cause of vitamin A-mediated adipose loss in WNIN/Ob-obese rats. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2014; 11:45. [PMID: 25302071 PMCID: PMC4190477 DOI: 10.1186/1743-7075-11-45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previously, we reported that vitamin A-enriched diet (129 mg/kg diet) intake reduces the adiposity development in obese rats of WNIN/Ob strain. Here, we hypothesize that dose lesser than 129 mg of vitamin A/kg diet would also be effective in ameliorating the development of obesity in these rats. METHODS Five-month-old male lean and obese rats designated as A & B were divided into four subgroups (I, II, III and IV) consisting of 8 rats from each phenotype and received diets containing 2.6 mg (control group), 26 mg, 52 mg and 129 mg vitamin A/kg diet as retinyl palmitate for 20 weeks. Body composition and morphological analysis of brown adipose tissue (BAT) was analyzed. Expression of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), retinoic acid receptor α (RARα) and retinoid X receptor α (RXRα) in BAT and levels of Bcl2 and Bax in epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT) were determined by immunoblotting. RESULTS Vitamin A supplementation to obese rats at doses of 52 and 129 mg/kg diet showed reduced body weight gain and adiposity compared to control diet-fed obese rats receiving 2.6 mg of vitamin A/kg diet. In BAT of obese rats, vitamin A supplementation at doses of 26 and 52 mg of vitamin A/kg diet resulted in increased UCP1 expression with concomitant decrease in RARα and RXRα levels compared to control diet-fed obese rats. Further, transmission electron microscopy study revealed an increase in number of BAT mitochondria of obese rats supplemented with 26 and 52 mg of vitamin A/kg diet. Also, obese rats fed on 52 mg/kg diet resulted in increased apoptosis by altering the ratio of Bcl2 to Bax protein levels in eWAT. Notably, most of these changes were not observed in lean rats fed vitamin A-enriched diets. CONCLUSION In conclusion, chronic consumption of 52 mg of vitamin A/kg diet seems to be an effective dose in ameliorating obesity possibly through mitochondriogenesis, UCP1-mediated thermogenesis in BAT and apoptosis in eWAT of obese rats. Therefore, the role of dietary vitamin A in correcting human obesity would be of unquestionable relevance and can only be addressed by future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamthathmakula Prashanth
- Department of Lipid Biochemistry, National Institute of Nutrition (ICMR), Jamai Osmania, Hyderabad, 500 007 Andhra Pradesh India
| | - Shanmugam M Jeyakumar
- Department of Lipid Biochemistry, National Institute of Nutrition (ICMR), Jamai Osmania, Hyderabad, 500 007 Andhra Pradesh India
| | - Lodhu Singotamu
- Ultra Structure Unit, National Institute of Nutrition (ICMR), Jamai Osmania, Hyderabad, 500 007 Andhra Pradesh India
| | - Nemani Harishankar
- National Center for Laboratory Animal Sciences (ICMR), Jamai-Osmania, Hyderabad, 500 007 Andhra Pradesh India
| | - Nappan V Giridharan
- National Center for Laboratory Animal Sciences (ICMR), Jamai-Osmania, Hyderabad, 500 007 Andhra Pradesh India
| | - Ayyalasomayajula Vajreswari
- Department of Lipid Biochemistry, National Institute of Nutrition (ICMR), Jamai Osmania, Hyderabad, 500 007 Andhra Pradesh India
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Gomes MB, Negrato CA. Alpha-lipoic acid as a pleiotropic compound with potential therapeutic use in diabetes and other chronic diseases. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2014; 6:80. [PMID: 25104975 PMCID: PMC4124142 DOI: 10.1186/1758-5996-6-80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alpha-lipoic acid is a naturally occurring substance, essential for the function of different enzymes that take part in mitochondria's oxidative metabolism. It is believed that alpha-lipoic acid or its reduced form, dihydrolipoic acid have many biochemical functions acting as biological antioxidants, as metal chelators, reducers of the oxidized forms of other antioxidant agents such as vitamin C and E, and modulator of the signaling transduction of several pathways. These above-mentioned actions have been shown in experimental studies emphasizing the use of alpha-lipoic acid as a potential therapeutic agent for many chronic diseases with great epidemiological as well economic and social impact such as brain diseases and cognitive dysfunctions like Alzheimer disease, obesity, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, burning mouth syndrome, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, some types of cancer, glaucoma and osteoporosis. Many conflicting data have been found concerning the clinical use of alpha-lipoic acid in the treatment of diabetes and of diabetes-related chronic complications such as retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy, wound healing and diabetic cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy. The most frequent clinical condition in which alpha-lipoic acid has been studied was in the management of diabetic peripheral neuropathy in patients with type 1 as well type 2 diabetes. Considering that oxidative stress, a imbalance between pro and antioxidants with excessive production of reactive oxygen species, is a factor in the development of many diseases and that alpha-lipoic acid, a natural thiol antioxidant, has been shown to have beneficial effects on oxidative stress parameters in various tissues we wrote this article in order to make an up-to-date review of current thinking regarding alpha-lipoic acid and its use as an antioxidant drug therapy for a myriad of diseases that could have potential benefits from its use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilia Brito Gomes
- />Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetes Unit, State University Hospital of Rio de Janeiro, Avenida 28 de Setembro, 77, 3° andar CEP 20.551-030, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carlos Antonio Negrato
- />Department of Internal Medicine, Bauru’s Diabetics Association, 17012-433 Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
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Hahm JR, Noh HS, Ha JH, Roh GS, Kim DR. Alpha-lipoic acid attenuates adipocyte differentiation and lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells via AMPK-dependent autophagy. Life Sci 2014; 100:125-132. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2014.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Revised: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Kim WK, Kang NE, Kim MH, Ha AW. Peanut sprout ethanol extract inhibits the adipocyte proliferation, differentiation, and matrix metalloproteinases activities in mouse fibroblast 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Nutr Res Pract 2013; 7:160-5. [PMID: 23766875 PMCID: PMC3679323 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2013.7.3.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2013] [Revised: 03/07/2013] [Accepted: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
3T3-L1 preadipocyte were differentiated to adipocytes, and then treated with 0, 10, 20, and 40 µg/mL of peanut sprout ethanol extract (PSEE). The main component of PSEE is resveratrol which contained 5.55 mg/mL of resveratrol. The MTT assay, Oil-Red O staining, glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) activity, and the triglyceride concentration were determined in 3T3-L1 cells. MMP-2 and MMP-9 activities as well as mRNA expressions of C/EBP β and C/EBP α were also investigated. As the concentration of PSEE in adipocytes increased, the cell proliferation was decreased in a dose-dependent manner from 4 days of incubation (P < 0.05). The GDPH activity (P < 0.05) and the triglyceride concentration (P < 0.05) were decreased as the PSEE treatment concentration increased. The mRNA expression of C/EBPβ in 3T3-L1 cells was significantly low in groups of PSEE-treated, compared with control group (P < 0.05). The MMP-9 (P < 0.05) and MMP-2 (P < 0.05) activities were decreased in a dose-dependent manner as the PSEE concentration increased from 20 µg/mL. In conclusion, it was found that PSEE has an effect on restricting proliferation and differentiation of adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo Kyoung Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dankook University, 126 Jukjeon-dong, Suji-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi 448-701, Korea
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Fernández-Galilea M, Prieto-Hontoria PL, Martínez JA, Moreno-Aliaga MJ. Antiobesity effects of α-lipoic acid supplementation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.2217/clp.13.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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El-Senousey HK, Fouad AM, Yao JH, Zhang ZG, Shen QW. Dietary alpha lipoic Acid improves body composition, meat quality and decreases collagen content in muscle of broiler chickens. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2013; 26:394-400. [PMID: 25049802 PMCID: PMC4093472 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2012.12430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2012] [Revised: 12/12/2012] [Accepted: 10/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A total of 192 broiler chicks were used to evaluate the influence of dietary α-lipoic acid (ALA) on growth performance, carcass characteristics and meat quality of broiler chickens with the purpose of developing a strategy to prevent the occurrence of pale, soft, and exudative (PSE) meat and to improve the meat quality of broilers. At 22 d of age, birds were allocated to 4 ALA treatments (0, 400, 800, and 1200 ppm). The results showed that dietary ALA significantly decreased average feed intake (AFI), average daily gain (ADG), final live body weight (BW) and carcass weight (p<0.05), while no difference in feed conversion ratio (FCR) was detected among chickens fed with and without ALA. Abdominal fat weight significantly decreased (p<0.05) for broilers fed 800 and 1200 ppm ALA. However when calculated as the percentage of carcass weight there was no significant difference between control and ALA treatments. Meat quality measurements showed that dietary ALA regulated postmortem glycolysis and improved meat quality as evidenced by increased muscle pH and decreased drip loss of meat (p<0.05). Although ALA did not change the tenderness of meat as indicated by meat shear force, dietary ALA decreased collagen content and mRNA expression of COL3A1 gene (p<0.05). In conclusion, the results indicate that dietary ALA may contribute to the improvement of meat quality in broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. K. El-Senousey
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100,
China
| | - A. M. Fouad
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100,
China
| | - J. H. Yao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100,
China
| | | | - Q. W. Shen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100,
China
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Prieto-Hontoria PL, Fernández-Galilea M, Pérez-Matute P, Martínez JA, Moreno-Aliaga MJ. Lipoic acid inhibits adiponectin production in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. J Physiol Biochem 2013; 69:595-600. [PMID: 23307774 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-012-0230-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2012] [Accepted: 12/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Lipoic acid (LA) is a naturally occurring compound with antioxidant properties. Recent attention has been focused on the potential beneficial effects of LA on obesity and related metabolic disorders. Dietary supplementation with LA prevents insulin resistance and upregulates adiponectin, an insulin-sensitizing adipokine, in obese rodents. The aim of this study was to investigate the direct effects of LA on adiponectin production in cultured adipocytes, as well as the potential signaling pathways involved. For this purpose, fully differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes were treated with LA (1-500 μM) during 24 h. The amount of adiponectin secreted to media was detected by ELISA, while adiponectin mRNA expression was determined by RT-PCR. Treatment with LA induced a dose-dependent inhibition on adiponectin gene expression and protein secretion. Pretreatment with the PI3K inhibitor LY294002 inhibited adiponectin secretion and mRNA levels, and significantly potentiated the inhibitory effect of LA on adiponectin secretion. The AMPK activator AICAR also reduced adiponectin production, but surprisingly, it was able to reverse the LA-induced inhibition of adiponectin. The JNK inhibitor SP600125 and the MAPK inhibitor PD98059 did not modify the inhibitory effect of LA on adiponectin. In conclusion, our results revealed that LA reduces adiponectin secretion in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, which contrasts with the stimulation of adiponectin described after in vivo supplementation with LA, suggesting that an indirect mechanism or some in vivo metabolic processing is involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro L Prieto-Hontoria
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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Kang NE, Ha AW, Kim JY, Kim WK. Resveratrol inhibits the protein expression of transcription factors related adipocyte differentiation and the activity of matrix metalloproteinase in mouse fibroblast 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Nutr Res Pract 2012; 6:499-504. [PMID: 23346299 PMCID: PMC3542439 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2012.6.6.499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2012] [Revised: 10/12/2012] [Accepted: 11/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study attempted to investigate the effects of resveratrol on the differentiation of adipocytes. After cells were treated with various concentrations of resveratrol (0, 10, 20, and 40 µmol/L), adipocyte proliferation, the protein expression of transcription factors, and MMPs' activities were determined. Cell proliferation was inhibited more within 4 days of incubation (P < 0.05), and lipid accumulation in adipocyte was significantly inhibited by 93.8%, 92.4% and 91.5%, respectively, after two days of 10, 20, and 40 µmol/L resveratrol treatment (P < 0.05). Six days of incubation with the three resveratrol concentrations caused a significantly decreases of 63%, 59.9%, and 25.1% GPDH activity as a dose-dependent response. The triglyceride concentration also decreased significantly with the increase of resveratrol concentration (P < 0.05). The protein expression of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBPβ) was decreased significantly by 56% and 30% while PPARγ was significantly reduced by 57% and 15% with resveratrol treatments of 20 and 40 µmol/L, respectively (P < 0.05). The protein expression of C/EBPα was decreased by 83%, 74%, and 38% to increased dosage levels, with significance determined for this decrease from 20 µmol/L of resveratrol. The protein expression of fatty acid binding protein (FABP4) was decreased significantly by 88%, 72%, and 46% with the increase of resveratrol concentration. The activity of MMP-2 was decreased significantly by 84%, 70%, and 63% while MMP-9 activity was decreased significantly by 74%, 62%, and 39% with the increased resveratrol concentrations of 10, 20, and 40 µmol/L, respectively (P < 0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nam E Kang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Eulji University, Seongnam, Gyunggi 461-723, Korea
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Fernández-Galilea M, Pérez-Matute P, Prieto-Hontoria PL, Martinez JA, Moreno-Aliaga MJ. Effects of lipoic acid on lipolysis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. J Lipid Res 2012; 53:2296-306. [PMID: 22941773 PMCID: PMC3465999 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m027086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2012] [Revised: 08/31/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipoic acid (LA) is a naturally occurring compound with beneficial effects on obesity. The aim of this study was to evaluate its effects on lipolysis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and the mechanisms involved. Our results revealed that LA induced a dose- and time-dependent lipolytic action, which was reversed by pretreatment with the c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitor SP600125, the PKA inhibitor H89, and the AMP-activated protein kinase activator AICAR. In contrast, the PI3K/Akt inhibitor LY294002 and the PDE3B antagonist cilostamide enhanced LA-induced lipolysis. LA treatment for 1 h did not modify total protein content of hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) but significantly increased the phosphorylation of HSL at Ser(563) and at Ser(660), which was reversed by H89. LA treatment also induced a marked increase in PKA-mediated perilipin phosphorylation. LA did not significantly modify the protein levels of adipose triglyceride lipase or its activator comparative gene identification 58 (CGI-58) and inhibitor G(0)/G(1) switch gene 2 (G0S2). Furthermore, LA caused a significant inhibition of adipose-specific phospholipase A2 (AdPLA) protein and mRNA levels in parallel with a decrease in the amount of prostaglandin E(2) released and an increase in cAMP content. Together, these data suggest that the lipolytic actions of LA are mainly mediated by phosphorylation of HSL through cAMP-mediated activation of protein kinase A probably through the inhibition of AdPLA and prostaglandin E(2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Fernández-Galilea
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science, Physiology and Toxicology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; and
| | - Patricia Pérez-Matute
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science, Physiology and Toxicology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; and
- HIV and Associated Metabolic Alterations Unit, Infectious Diseases Area, Center for Biomedical Research of La Rioja (CIBIR), Logroño, Spain
| | - Pedro L Prieto-Hontoria
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science, Physiology and Toxicology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; and
| | - J Alfredo Martinez
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science, Physiology and Toxicology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; and
| | - Maria J Moreno-Aliaga
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science, Physiology and Toxicology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; and
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Guo W, Li Y, Liang W, Wong S, Apovian C, Kirkland JL, Corkey BE. Beta-mecaptoethanol suppresses inflammation and induces adipogenic differentiation in 3T3-F442A murine preadipocytes. PLoS One 2012; 7:e40958. [PMID: 22911724 PMCID: PMC3402440 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0040958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2012] [Accepted: 06/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Preadipocytes are present in adipose tissues throughout adult life that can proliferate and differentiate into mature adipocytes in response to environmental cues. Abnormal increase in adipocyte number or size leads to fat tissue expansion. However, it is now recognized that adipocyte hypertrophy is a greater risk factor for metabolic syndrome whereas fat tissue that continues to produce newer and smaller fat cells through preadipocyte differentiation is “metabolically healthy”. Because adipocyte hypertrophy is often associated with increased oxidant stress and low grade inflammation, both are linked to disturbed cellular redox, we tested how preadipocyte differentiation may be regulated by beta-mercaptoethanol (BME), a pharmacological redox regulator and radical scavenger, using murine 3T3-F442A preadipocytes as the cell model. Effects of BME on adipogenesis were measured by microphotography, real-time PCR, and Western analysis. Our data demonstrated that preadipocyte differentiation could be regulated by extracellular BME. At an optimal concentration, BME enhanced expression of adipogenic gene markers and lipid accumulation. This effect was associated with BME-mediated down-regulation of inflammatory cytokine expression during early differentiation. BME also attenuated TNFalpha-induced activation of NFkappaB in differentiating preadipocytes and partially restored TNFalpha-mediated suppression on adipogenesis. Using a non-adipogenic HEK293 cell line transfected with luciferase reporter genes, we demonstrated that BME reduced basal and TNFalpha-induced NFkappaB activity and increased basal and ciglitazone-induced PPARgamma activity; both may contribute to the pro-adipogenic effect of BME in differentiating F442A preadipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Guo
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America.
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Hou Y, Xue P, Bai Y, Liu D, Woods CG, Yarborough K, Fu J, Zhang Q, Sun G, Collins S, Chan JY, Yamamoto M, Andersen ME, Pi J. Nuclear factor erythroid-derived factor 2-related factor 2 regulates transcription of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein β during adipogenesis. Free Radic Biol Med 2012; 52:462-72. [PMID: 22138520 PMCID: PMC3307524 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2011.10.453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2011] [Revised: 10/20/2011] [Accepted: 10/21/2011] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear factor erythroid-derived factor 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a cap-n-collar basic leucine zipper transcription factor that is involved in the cellular adaptive response to oxidative stress. Our previous study reported that targeted disruption of the Nrf2 gene in mice decreases adipose tissue mass and protects against obesity induced by a high-fat diet. Deficiency of Nrf2 in preadipocytes and mouse embryonic fibroblasts led to impaired adipogenesis. Consistent with these findings, the current study found that lack of Nrf2 in primary cultured mouse preadipocytes and 3T3-L1 cells hampered adipogenic differentiation induced by hormonal cocktails. Stable knockdown of Nrf2 in 3T3-L1 cells blocked the enhanced adipogenesis caused by deficiency of kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1), a Cul3-adapter protein that allows for Nrf2 to be ubiquinated and degraded by the 26S protesome complex. In addition, increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and activation of Nrf2 occurred at the very early stage upon adipogenic hormonal challenge in 3T3-L1 cells, followed by an immediate induction of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein β (C/EBPβ). Knockdown of Nrf2 led to reduced expression of C/EBPβ induced by adipogenic hormonal cocktails, chemical Nrf2 activators or Keap1 silencing. Cebpβ promoter-driven reporter assays and chromatin immunoprecipitation suggested that Nrf2 associates with a consensus antioxidant response element (ARE) binding site in the promoter of the Cebpβ gene during adipogenesis and upregulates its expression. These findings demonstrate a novel role of Nrf2 beyond xenobiotic detoxification and antioxidant response, and suggest that Nrf2 is one of the transcription factors that control the early events of adipogenesis by regulating expression of Cebpβ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongyong Hou
- Institute for Chemical Safety Sciences, The Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Peng Xue
- Institute for Chemical Safety Sciences, The Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Yushi Bai
- Department of Molecular Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Dianxin Liu
- Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
| | - Courtney G. Woods
- Institute for Chemical Safety Sciences, The Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Kathy Yarborough
- Institute for Chemical Safety Sciences, The Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Jingqi Fu
- Institute for Chemical Safety Sciences, The Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Institute for Chemical Safety Sciences, The Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Guifan Sun
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Sheila Collins
- Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
| | - Jefferson Y. Chan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Masayuki Yamamoto
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Melvin E. Andersen
- Institute for Chemical Safety Sciences, The Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Jingbo Pi
- Institute for Chemical Safety Sciences, The Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
- Corresponding author at: Institute for Chemical Safety Sciences, The Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences, 6 Davis Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA. Phone: 919-558-1395. Fax: 919-558-1305.
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38
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Alpha-adrenergic blocker mediated osteoblastic stem cell differentiation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2011; 416:232-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.09.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2011] [Accepted: 09/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Matsugo S, Bito T, Konishi T. Photochemical stability of lipoic acid and its impact on skin ageing. Free Radic Res 2011; 45:918-24. [DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2011.587420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Kim NK, Lim D, Lee SH, Cho YM, Park EW, Lee CS, Shin BS, Kim TH, Yoon D. Heat shock protein B1 and its regulator genes are negatively correlated with intramuscular fat content in the longissimus thoracis muscle of Hanwoo (Korean cattle) steers. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:5657-5664. [PMID: 21524092 DOI: 10.1021/jf200217j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
In previous proteomic studies, heat shock protein β 1 (HSPB1) was detected as a candidate protein related to meat quality in cattle. This study sought to determine if its gene expression was associated with intramuscular fat content in the longissimus thoracis muscle of Korean cattle (Hanwoo). Tissue from two groups of 10 steers each, low-marbling (mean intramuscular fat content, 7.4 ± 1.5%) and high-marbling (23.5 ± 2.8%), were used for immunoblotting, real-time PCR, and statistical analyses. HSPB1 expression in both mRNA and protein was shown to be negatively related to intramuscular fat content (P < 0.05). Pathway analysis found two genes, TNF receptor superfamily member 6 (FAS) and angiotensinogen (AGT), that were regulators of the HSPB1 gene. The expression of the two genes showed a negative correlation with intramuscular fat content (P < 0.05). These results suggest that HSPB1, FAS, and AGT may be good candidate genes associated with intramuscular fat content in the longissimus muscle of Korean cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nam-Kuk Kim
- National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon, Korea
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Shen W, Hao J, Feng Z, Tian C, Chen W, Packer L, Shi X, Zang W, Liu J. Lipoamide or lipoic acid stimulates mitochondrial biogenesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes via the endothelial NO synthase-cGMP-protein kinase G signalling pathway. Br J Pharmacol 2011; 162:1213-24. [PMID: 21108628 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2010.01134.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Metabolic dysfunction due to loss of mitochondria plays an important role in diabetes, and stimulation of mitochondrial biogenesis by anti-diabetic drugs improves mitochondrial function. In a search for potent stimulators of mitochondrial biogenesis, we examined the effects and mechanisms of lipoamide and α-lipoic acid (LA) in adipocytes. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes were treated with lipoamide or LA. Mitochondrial biogenesis and possible signalling pathways were examined. KEY RESULTS Exposure of 3T3-L1 cells to lipoamide or LA for 24 h increased the number and mitochondrial mass per cell. Such treatment also increased mitochondrial DNA copy number, protein levels and expression of transcription factors involved in mitochondrial biogenesis, including PGC-1α, mitochondrial transcription factor A and nuclear respiratory factor 1. Lipoamide produced these effects at concentrations of 1 and 10 µmol·L⁻¹, whereas LA was most effective at 100 µmol·L⁻¹. At 10 µmol·L⁻¹, lipoamide, but not LA, stimulated mRNA expressions of PPAR-γ, PPAR-α and CPT-1α. The potency of lipoamide was 10-100-fold greater than that of LA. Lipoamide dose-dependently stimulated expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and formation of cGMP. Knockdown of eNOS (with small interfering RNA) prevented lipoamide-induced mitochondrial biogenesis, which was also blocked by the soluble guanylate cyclase inhibitor, ODQ and the protein kinase G (PKG) inhibitor, KT5823. Thus, stimulation of mitochondrial biogenesis by lipoamide involved signalling via the eNOS-cGMP-PKG pathway. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Our data suggest that lipoamide is a potent stimulator of mitochondrial biogenesis in adipocyte, and may have potential therapeutic application in obesity and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weili Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, and Department of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Prieto-Hontoria PL, Pérez-Matute P, Fernández-Galilea M, Martínez JA, Moreno-Aliaga MJ. Lipoic acid inhibits leptin secretion and Sp1 activity in adipocytes. Mol Nutr Food Res 2011; 55:1059-69. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201000534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2010] [Revised: 12/17/2010] [Accepted: 01/12/2011] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Haridas Nidhina PA, Poulose N, Gopalakrishnapillai A. Vanillin induces adipocyte differentiation in 3T3-L1 cells by activating extracellular signal regulated kinase 42/44. Life Sci 2011; 88:675-80. [PMID: 21315734 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2011.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2010] [Revised: 12/27/2010] [Accepted: 01/27/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the effect of vanillin, a dietary component, on adipocyte differentiation and the mechanism involved in the process using 3T3-L1 murine preadipocytes. MAIN METHODS The effect of vanillin on adipocyte differentiation was detected by Oil Red O analysis. The activation of extracellular signal regulated kinase 42/44 (ERK 42/44), Akt, expression of the key regulator of adipocyte differentiation peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor (PPARγ) and its target gene glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) were detected by western blotting. Glucose uptake assay was used to determine the insulin sensitivity of adipocytes differentiated by vanillin treatment. To confirm the role of ERK 42/44 and Akt, Oil Red O analysis was performed with cells differentiated in the presence or absence of ERK inhibitor U0126 or Akt kinase 1/2 inhibitor. KEY FINDINGS Vanillin induced adipocyte differentiation in 3T3-L1 cells in a dose dependent manner and also increased the expression levels of PPARγ and its target gene GLUT4. The adipocytes differentiated by vanillin exhibited insulin sensitivity as demonstrated by a significant increase in glucose uptake. Vanillin treatment activated the phosphorylation of ERK 42/44 during the initial phase of adipocyte differentiation but there was no significant change in the Akt phosphorylation status. SIGNIFICANCE The data show that vanillin induces adipocyte differentiation in 3T3-L1 cells by activating ERK42/44 and these adipocytes are insulin sensitive in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pachakkil A Haridas Nidhina
- School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amritapuri, Clappana P.O, Kollam, Kerala, 690525, India
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Fadini GP, Ceolotto G, Pagnin E, de Kreutzenberg S, Avogaro A. At the crossroads of longevity and metabolism: the metabolic syndrome and lifespan determinant pathways. Aging Cell 2011; 10:10-7. [PMID: 21040402 DOI: 10.1111/j.1474-9726.2010.00642.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The metabolic syndrome is becoming increasingly prevalent in the general population and carries significant incremental morbidity and mortality. It is associated with multi-organ involvement and increased all-cause mortality, resembling a precocious aging process. The mechanisms that account for this phenomenon are incompletely known, but it is becoming clear that longevity genes might be involved. Experiments with overactivation or disruption of key lifespan determinant pathways, such as silent information regulator (SIR)T1, p66Shc, and mammalian target of rapamycin (TOR), lead to development of features of the metabolic syndrome in mice. These genes integrate longevity pathways and metabolic signals in a complex interplay in which lifespan appears to be strictly dependent on substrate and energy bioavailability. Herein, we describe the roles and possible interconnections of selected lifespan determinant molecular networks in the development of the metabolic syndrome and its complications, describing initial available data in humans. Additional pathways are involved in linking nutrient availability and longevity, certainly including insulin and Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 (IGF-1) signaling, as well as FOXO transcription factors. The model described in this viewpoint article is therefore likely to be an oversimplification. Nevertheless, it represents one starting platform for understanding cell biology of lifespan in relation to the metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gian Paolo Fadini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Padova, Medical School, Padova, Italy.
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Kandeil MA, Amin KA, Hassanin KA, Ali KM, Mohammed ET. Role of lipoic acid on insulin resistance and leptin in experimentally diabetic rats. J Diabetes Complications 2011; 25:31-8. [PMID: 19879161 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2009.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2009] [Revised: 09/11/2009] [Accepted: 09/28/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to examine the changes in serum insulin and leptin levels in induced type 1 diabetes mellitus in relationship to glycemic state and lipid profiles and to clarify the role of lipoic acid (LA). METHODS Ninety-six male rats were equally divided into the following: a control group (normal, nondiabetic), a diabetic group induced by subcutaneous injection of alloxan (non-LA-treated), and an LA-treated diabetic group (for 4 weeks). Body weight, serum lipid profile, glucose, insulin, homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and leptin were measured. RESULTS This study showed a significant increase in serum triacylglycerol (TG), total cholesterol, glucose levels, and HOMA-IR and a significant decrease in body weight gain, insulin, and leptin levels in the diabetic group compared to the control group. LA treatment induced a significant decrease in glucose, TG, and total cholesterol levels and significantly increased serum insulin and leptin levels in comparison with the diabetic group. CONCLUSION Induced diabetes resulted in insulin resistance, hyperlipidemia, and hypoleptinemia, while LA ameliorates these changes and improves insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A Kandeil
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni Suef University, Egypt
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Yu B, Cook C, Santanam N. The aporphine alkaloid boldine induces adiponectin expression and regulation in 3T3-L1 cells. J Med Food 2010; 12:1074-83. [PMID: 19857072 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2008.0230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Adiponectin is an adipokine secreted by differentiated adipocytes. Clinical studies suggest a negative correlation between oxidative stress and adiponectin levels in patients with metabolic syndrome or cardiovascular disease. Natural compounds that can prevent oxidative stress mediated inhibition of adiponectin may be potentially therapeutic. Boldine, an aporphine alkaloid abundant in the medicinal plant Peumus boldus, is a powerful antioxidant. The current study demonstrates the effects of boldine on the expression of adiponectin and its regulators, CCAAT/enhancer binding protein-alpha (C/EBPalpha) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma, in 3T3-L1 cells. Differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes were exposed to either hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) (100 microM) or tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha) (1 ng/mL) for 24 hours in the presence or absence of increasing concentrations of boldine (5-100 microM). Quantitative polymerase chain reaction showed that both the oxidants decreased the mRNA levels of adiponectin, PPARgamma, and C/EBPalpha to half of the control levels. Boldine, at all concentrations, counteracted the inhibitory effect of H(2)O(2) or TNFalpha and increased the expression of adiponectin and its regulators. The effect of boldine on adiponectin expression was biphasic, with the lower concentrations (5-25 microM) having a larger inductive effect compared to higher concentrations (50-100 microM). Boldine treatment alone in the absence of H(2)O(2) or TNFalpha was also able to induce adiponectin at the inductive phase of adipogenesis. Peroxisome proliferator response element-luciferase promoter transactivity analysis showed that boldine interacts with the PPAR response element and could potentially modulate PPAR responsive genes. Our results indicate that boldine is able to modulate the expression of adiponectin and its regulators in 3T3-L1 cells and has the potential to be beneficial in obesity-related cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bangning Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, West Virginia 25755, USA
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Lee J, Jung E, Lee J, Huh S, Kim YS, Kim YW, Kim YS, Park D. Anti-adipogenesis by 6-thioinosine is mediated by downregulation of PPAR gamma through JNK-dependent upregulation of iNOS. Cell Mol Life Sci 2010; 67:467-81. [PMID: 19941061 PMCID: PMC11115604 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-009-0196-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2009] [Revised: 10/27/2009] [Accepted: 10/27/2009] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Adipocyte dysfunction is associated with the development of obesity. This study shows that 6-thioinosine inhibits adipocyte differentiation. The mRNA levels of PPAR gamma and C/EBPalpha, but not C/EBPbeta and delta, were reduced by 6-thioinosine. Moreover, the mRNA levels of PPAR gamma target genes (LPL, CD36, aP2, and LXRalpha) were down-regulated by 6-thioinosine. We also demonstrated that 6-thioinosine inhibits the transactivation activity and the mRNA level of PPAR gamma. Additionally, attempts to elucidate a possible mechanism underlying the 6-thioinosine-mediated effects revealed that 6-thioinosine induced iNOS gene expression without impacting eNOS expression, and that this was mediated through activation of AP-1, especially, JNK. In addition, 6-thioinosine was found to operate upstream of MEKK-1 in JNK activation signaling. Taken together, these findings suggest that the inhibition of adipocyte differentiation by 6-thioinosine occurs primarily through the reduced expression of PPAR gamma, which is mediated by upregulation of iNOS via the activation of JNK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongsung Lee
- Biospectrum Life Science Institute, Gunpo City, Gyunggi Do 435-833 Republic of Korea
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunsun Jung
- Biospectrum Life Science Institute, Gunpo City, Gyunggi Do 435-833 Republic of Korea
| | - Jienny Lee
- Biospectrum Life Science Institute, Gunpo City, Gyunggi Do 435-833 Republic of Korea
| | - Sungran Huh
- Biospectrum Life Science Institute, Gunpo City, Gyunggi Do 435-833 Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Soo Kim
- Biospectrum Life Science Institute, Gunpo City, Gyunggi Do 435-833 Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Woo Kim
- Biospectrum Life Science Institute, Gunpo City, Gyunggi Do 435-833 Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong Shik Kim
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Deokhoon Park
- Biospectrum Life Science Institute, Gunpo City, Gyunggi Do 435-833 Republic of Korea
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Packer L, Cadenas E. Lipoic acid: energy metabolism and redox regulation of transcription and cell signaling. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2010; 48:26-32. [PMID: 21297908 PMCID: PMC3022059 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.11-005fr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2010] [Accepted: 09/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lester Packer
- *To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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Prieto-Hontoria PL, Pérez-Matute P, Fernández-Galilea M, Barber A, Martínez JA, Moreno-Aliaga MJ. Lipoic acid prevents body weight gain induced by a high fat diet in rats: effects on intestinal sugar transport. J Physiol Biochem 2009; 65:43-50. [PMID: 19588730 DOI: 10.1007/bf03165968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have suggested that oxidative stress might cause and aggravate the inflammatory state associated with obesity and could be the link between excessive weight gain and its related disorders such as insulin resistance and cardiovascular diseases. Thus, antioxidant treatment has been proposed as a therapy to prevent and manage obesity and associated complications. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of supplementation of a standard or high fat diet with the antioxidant lipoic acid (LA) during 56 days, on body weight gain, adiposity, feed efficiency and intestinal sugar absorption, in male Wistar rats. LA supplementation induced a lower body weight gain and adipose tissue size in both control or high fat fed rats accompanied by a reduction in food intake. The group fed on a high fat diet and treated with LA (OLIP group) showed a lower body weight gain than its corresponding Pair-Fed (PF) group (P < 0.05), which received the same amount of food than LA-treated animals but with no LA. In fact, LA induced a reduction on feed efficiency and also significantly decreased intestinal alpha-methylglucoside (alpha-MG) absorption both in lean and obese rats. These results suggest that the beneficial effects of dietary supplementation with LA on body weight gain are mediated, at least in part, by the reduction observed in food intake and feed efficiency. Furthemore, the inhibitory action of LA on intestinal sugar transport could explain in part the lower feed efficiency observed in LA-treated animals and therefore, highlighting the beneficial effects of LA on obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- P L Prieto-Hontoria
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science, Physiology and Toxicology, University of Navarra. C/Irunlarrea, 1, Pamplona, Spain
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Yang YM, Kim HE, Ki SH, Kim SG. Metadoxine, an ion-pair of pyridoxine and L-2-pyrrolidone-5-carboxylate, blocks adipocyte differentiation in association with inhibition of the PKA-CREB pathway. Arch Biochem Biophys 2009; 488:91-9. [PMID: 19607801 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2009.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2009] [Revised: 06/30/2009] [Accepted: 07/09/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Adipogenesis is orchestrated by the expression of master adipogenic regulators. In particular, phosphorylation of cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) by protein kinase A promotes CREB nuclear translocation, thereby inducing expression of the adipogenic regulators and resulting in adipogenic maturation. Although metadoxine, an ion-pair of pyridoxine and l-2-pyrrolidone-5-carboxylate, has been shown to inhibit lipid accumulation in the liver, its effect on adipocyte differentiation has never been explored. This study investigated the effects of metadoxine on the differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and the molecular mechanism. Metadoxine treatment did not inhibit mitotic clonal expansion, but inhibited late-stage cell differentiation, suggesting that metadoxine may block the differentiation step of preadipocytes. Metadoxine inhibited CREB phosphorylation and binding to the cAMP response element, thereby repressing CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein beta during hormone-induced adipogenesis. Overall, metadoxine inhibits adipogenic differentiation in association with the inhibition of CREB/cAMP response element-dependent CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein beta induction in the protein kinase A-CREB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Mee Yang
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Sillim-dong, Kwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, South Korea
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