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Lin S, Wu S, He J, Wang X, Grossman AR. Shining light on dinoflagellate photosystem I. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3337. [PMID: 38637576 PMCID: PMC11026431 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47797-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Senjie Lin
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Connecticut, Groton, CT, 06340, USA.
| | - Shuaishuai Wu
- College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Jiamin He
- College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Arthur R Grossman
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Palo Alta, CA, 94305, USA
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Palo Alta, CA, 94305, USA
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Ma C, Feng Y, Wang J, Zheng B, Wang X, Jiao N. Integrative Physiological, Transcriptome, and Proteome Analyses Provide Insights into the Photosynthetic Changes in Maize in a Maize-Peanut Intercropping System. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:65. [PMID: 38202373 PMCID: PMC10780508 DOI: 10.3390/plants13010065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Intercropping is a traditional and sustainable planting method that can make rational use of natural resources such as light, temperature, fertilizer, water, and CO2. Due to its efficient resource utilization, intercropping, in particular, maize and legume intercropping, is widespread around the world. However, the molecular details of these pathways remain largely unknown. In this study, physiological, transcriptome, and proteome analyses were compared between maize monocropping and maize-peanut intercropping. The results show that an intercropping system enhanced the ability of carbon fixation and carboxylation of maize leaves. Apparent quantum yield (AQY), the light-saturated net photosynthetic rate (LSPn), the light saturation point (LSP), and the light compensation point (LCP) were increased by 11.6%, 9.4%, 8.9%, and 32.1% in the intercropping system, respectively; carboxylation efficiency (CE), the CO2 saturation point (Cisat), the Rubisco maximum carboxylation rate (Vcmax), the maximum electron transfer rate (Jmax), and the triose phosphate utilization rate (TPU) were increased by 28.5%, 7.3%, 18.7%, 29.2%, and 17.0%, respectively; meanwhile, the CO2 compensation point (Γ) decreased by 22.6%. Moreover, the transcriptome analysis confirmed the presence of 588 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), and the numbers of up-regulated and down-regulated genes were 383 and 205, respectively. The DEGs were primarily concerned with ribosomes, plant hormone signal transduction, and photosynthesis. Furthermore, 549 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified in the maize leaves in both the maize monocropping and maize-peanut intercropping systems. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that 186 DEPs were related to 37 specific KEGG pathways in each of the two treatment groups. Based on the physiological, transcriptome, and proteome analyses, it was demonstrated that the photosynthetic characteristics in maize leaves can be improved by maize-peanut intercropping. This may be related to PS I, PS II, cytochrome b6f complex, ATP synthase, and photosynthetic CO2 fixation, which is caused by the improved CO2 carboxylation efficiency. Our results provide a more in-depth understanding of the high yield and high-efficiency mechanism in maize and peanut intercropping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Ma
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China; (C.M.); (J.W.); (B.Z.); (X.W.)
| | - Yalan Feng
- College of Life Science, Wuchang University of Technology, Wuhan 430223, China;
| | - Jiangtao Wang
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China; (C.M.); (J.W.); (B.Z.); (X.W.)
| | - Bin Zheng
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China; (C.M.); (J.W.); (B.Z.); (X.W.)
| | - Xiaoxiao Wang
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China; (C.M.); (J.W.); (B.Z.); (X.W.)
| | - Nianyuan Jiao
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China; (C.M.); (J.W.); (B.Z.); (X.W.)
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Wu J, Chen S, Wang C, Lin W, Huang C, Fan C, Han D, Lu D, Xu X, Sui S, Zhang L. Regulatory dynamics of the higher-plant PSI-LHCI supercomplex during state transitions. MOLECULAR PLANT 2023; 16:1937-1950. [PMID: 37936349 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2023.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
State transition is a fundamental light acclimation mechanism of photosynthetic organisms in response to the environmental light conditions. This process rebalances the excitation energy between photosystem I (PSI) and photosystem II through regulated reversible binding of the light-harvesting complex II (LHCII) to PSI. However, the structural reorganization of PSI-LHCI, the dynamic binding of LHCII, and the regulatory mechanisms underlying state transitions are less understood in higher plants. In this study, using cryoelectron microscopy we resolved the structures of PSI-LHCI in both state 1 (PSI-LHCI-ST1) and state 2 (PSI-LHCI-LHCII-ST2) from Arabidopsis thaliana. Combined genetic and functional analyses revealed novel contacts between Lhcb1 and PsaK that further enhanced the binding of the LHCII trimer to the PSI core with the known interactions between phosphorylated Lhcb2 and the PsaL/PsaH/PsaO subunits. Specifically, PsaO was absent in the PSI-LHCI-ST1 supercomplex but present in the PSI-LHCI-LHCII-ST2 supercomplex, in which the PsaL/PsaK/PsaA subunits undergo several conformational changes to strengthen the binding of PsaO in ST2. Furthermore, the PSI-LHCI module adopts a more compact configuration with shorter Mg-to-Mg distances between the chlorophylls, which may enhance the energy transfer efficiency from the peripheral antenna to the PSI core in ST2. Collectively, our work provides novel structural and functional insights into the mechanisms of light acclimation during state transitions in higher plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianghao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Jinming Avenue, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Shuaijiabin Chen
- School of Life Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Chao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Jinming Avenue, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Weijun Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Jinming Avenue, Kaifeng 475004, China; Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Chao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Jinming Avenue, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Chengxu Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Jinming Avenue, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Dexian Han
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Jinming Avenue, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Dandan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Jinming Avenue, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Xiumei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Jinming Avenue, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - SenFang Sui
- School of Life Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Cryo-EM Center, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Lixin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Jinming Avenue, Kaifeng 475004, China.
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Wolfe TM, Balao F, Trucchi E, Bachmann G, Gu W, Baar J, Hedrén M, Weckwerth W, Leitch AR, Paun O. Recurrent allopolyploidizations diversify ecophysiological traits in marsh orchids (Dactylorhiza majalis s.l.). Mol Ecol 2023; 32:4777-4790. [PMID: 37452724 PMCID: PMC10947288 DOI: 10.1111/mec.17070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Whole-genome duplication has shaped the evolution of angiosperms and other organisms, and is important for many crops. Structural reorganization of chromosomes and repatterning of gene expression are frequently observed in allopolyploids, with physiological and ecological consequences. Recurrent origins from different parental populations are widespread among polyploids, resulting in an array of lineages that provide excellent models to uncover mechanisms of adaptation to divergent environments in early phases of polyploid evolution. We integrate here transcriptomic and ecophysiological comparative studies to show that sibling allopolyploid marsh orchid species (Dactylorhiza, Orchidaceae) occur in different habitats (low nutrient fens vs. meadows with mesic soils) and are characterized by a complex suite of intertwined, pronounced ecophysiological differences between them. We uncover distinct features in leaf elemental chemistry, light-harvesting, photoprotection, nutrient transport and stomata activity of the two sibling allopolyploids, which appear to match their specific ecologies, in particular soil chemistry differences at their native sites. We argue that the phenotypic divergence between the sibling allopolyploids has a clear genetic basis, generating ecological barriers that maintain distinct, independent lineages, despite pervasive interspecific gene flow. This suggests that recurrent origins of polyploids bring about a long-term potential to trigger and maintain functional and ecological diversity in marsh orchids and other groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M. Wolfe
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity ResearchUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
- Vienna Graduate School of Population GeneticsViennaAustria
- Department of Forest and Soil SciencesUniversity of Natural Resources and Life SciencesViennaAustria
| | - Francisco Balao
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity ResearchUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal y EcologiaUniversity of SevilleSevillaSpain
| | - Emiliano Trucchi
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity ResearchUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
- Marche Polytechnic UniversityAnconaItaly
| | - Gert Bachmann
- Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, Molecular Systems Biology (MOSYS)University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Wenjia Gu
- School of Biological and Chemical SciencesQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
| | - Juliane Baar
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity ResearchUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
| | | | - Wolfram Weckwerth
- Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, Molecular Systems Biology (MOSYS)University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Vienna Metabolomics Center (VIME)University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Andrew R. Leitch
- School of Biological and Chemical SciencesQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
| | - Ovidiu Paun
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity ResearchUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
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Cutolo EA, Caferri R, Guardini Z, Dall'Osto L, Bassi R. Analysis of state 1-state 2 transitions by genome editing and complementation reveals a quenching component independent from the formation of PSI-LHCI-LHCII supercomplex in Arabidopsis thaliana. Biol Direct 2023; 18:49. [PMID: 37612770 PMCID: PMC10463614 DOI: 10.1186/s13062-023-00406-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The light-harvesting antennae of photosystem (PS) I and PSII are pigment-protein complexes responsible of the initial steps of sunlight conversion into chemical energy. In natural environments plants are constantly confronted with the variability of the photosynthetically active light spectrum. PSII and PSI operate in series but have different optimal excitation wavelengths. The prompt adjustment of light absorption by photosystems is thus crucial to ensure efficient electron flow needed to sustain downstream carbon fixing reactions. Fast structural rearrangements equilibrate the partition of excitation pressure between PSII and PSI following the enrichment in the red (PSII-favoring) or far-red (PSI-favoring) spectra. Redox imbalances trigger state transitions (ST), a photoacclimation mechanism which involves the reversible phosphorylation/dephosphorylation of light harvesting complex II (LHCII) proteins by the antagonistic activities of the State Transition 7 (STN7) kinase/TAP38 phosphatase enzyme pair. During ST, a mobile PSII antenna pool associates with PSI increasing its absorption cross section. LHCII consists of assorted trimeric assemblies of Lhcb1, Lhcb2 and Lhcb3 protein isoforms (LHCII), several being substrates of STN7. However, the precise roles of Lhcb phosphorylation during ST remain largely elusive. RESULTS We inactivated the complete Lhcb1 and Lhcb2 gene clades in Arabidopsis thaliana and reintroduced either wild type Lhcb1.3 and Lhcb2.1 isoforms, respectively, or versions lacking N-terminal phosphorylatable residues proposed to mediate state transitions. While the substitution of Lhcb2.1 Thr-40 prevented the formation of the PSI-LHCI-LHCII complex, replacement of Lhcb1.3 Thr-38 did not affect the formation of this supercomplex, nor did influence the amplitude or kinetics of PSII fluorescence quenching upon state 1-state 2 transition. CONCLUSIONS Phosphorylation of Lhcb2 Thr-40 by STN7 alone accounts for ≈ 60% of PSII fluorescence quenching during state transitions. Instead, the presence of Thr-38 phosphosite in Lhcb1.3 was not required for the formation of the PSI-LHCI-LHCII supercomplex nor for re-equilibration of the plastoquinone redox state. The Lhcb2 phosphomutant was still capable of ≈ 40% residual fluorescence quenching, implying that a yet uncharacterized, STN7-dependent, component of state transitions, which is unrelated to Lhcb2 Thr-40 phosphorylation and to the formation of the PSI-LHCI-LHCII supercomplex, contributes to the equilibration of the PSI/PSII excitation pressure upon plastoquinone over-reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Andrea Cutolo
- Laboratory of Photosynthesis and Bioenergy, Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie 15, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Roberto Caferri
- Laboratory of Photosynthesis and Bioenergy, Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie 15, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Zeno Guardini
- Laboratory of Photosynthesis and Bioenergy, Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie 15, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Luca Dall'Osto
- Laboratory of Photosynthesis and Bioenergy, Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie 15, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Roberto Bassi
- Laboratory of Photosynthesis and Bioenergy, Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie 15, 37134, Verona, Italy.
- Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei, Palazzo Corsini, Via Della Lungara, 10, 00165, Rome, Italy.
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Wang W, Yang Y, Ma X, He Y, Ren Q, Huang Y, Wang J, Xue Y, Yang R, Guo Y, Sun J, Yang L, Sun Z. New Insight into the Function of Dopamine (DA) during Cd Stress in Duckweed ( Lemna turionifera 5511). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1996. [PMID: 37653913 PMCID: PMC10221877 DOI: 10.3390/plants12101996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Dopamine (DA), a kind of neurotransmitter in animals, has been proven to cause a positive influence on plants during abiotic stress. In the present study, the function of DA on plants under cadmium (Cd) stress was revealed. The yellowing of duckweed leaves under Cd stress could be alleviated by an exogenous DA (10/20/50/100/200 μM) supplement, and 50 μM was the optimal concentration to resist Cd stress by reducing root breakage, restoring photosynthesis and chlorophyll content. In addition, 24 h DA treatment increased Cd content by 1.3 times in duckweed under Cd stress through promoting the influx of Cd2+. Furthermore, the gene expression changes study showed that photosynthesis-related genes were up-regulated by DA addition under Cd stress. Additionally, the mechanisms of DA-induced Cd detoxification and accumulation were also investigated; some critical genes, such as vacuolar iron transporter 1 (VIT1), multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP) and Rubisco, were significantly up-regulated with DA addition under Cd stress. An increase in intracellular Ca2+ content and a decrease in Ca2+ efflux induced by DA under Cd stress were observed, as well as synchrony with changes in the expression of cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel 2 (CNGC2), predicting that, in plants, CNGC2 may be an upstream target for DA action and trigger the change of intracellular Ca2+ signal. Our results demonstrate that DA supplementation can improve Cd resistance by enhancing duckweed photosynthesis, changing intracellular Ca2+ signaling, and enhancing Cd detoxification and accumulation. Interestingly, we found that exposure to Cd reduced endogenous DA content, which is the result of a blocked shikimate acid pathway and decreased expression of the tyrosine aminotransferase (TAT) gene. The function of DA in Cd stress offers a new insight into the application and study of DA to Cd phytoremediation in aquatic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqiao Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China; (W.W.); (Y.Y.); (X.M.); (Y.H.); (Q.R.); (Y.H.); (J.W.); (Y.X.); (R.Y.); (J.S.)
| | - Yunwen Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China; (W.W.); (Y.Y.); (X.M.); (Y.H.); (Q.R.); (Y.H.); (J.W.); (Y.X.); (R.Y.); (J.S.)
| | - Xu Ma
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China; (W.W.); (Y.Y.); (X.M.); (Y.H.); (Q.R.); (Y.H.); (J.W.); (Y.X.); (R.Y.); (J.S.)
| | - Yuman He
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China; (W.W.); (Y.Y.); (X.M.); (Y.H.); (Q.R.); (Y.H.); (J.W.); (Y.X.); (R.Y.); (J.S.)
| | - Qiuting Ren
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China; (W.W.); (Y.Y.); (X.M.); (Y.H.); (Q.R.); (Y.H.); (J.W.); (Y.X.); (R.Y.); (J.S.)
| | - Yandi Huang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China; (W.W.); (Y.Y.); (X.M.); (Y.H.); (Q.R.); (Y.H.); (J.W.); (Y.X.); (R.Y.); (J.S.)
| | - Jing Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China; (W.W.); (Y.Y.); (X.M.); (Y.H.); (Q.R.); (Y.H.); (J.W.); (Y.X.); (R.Y.); (J.S.)
| | - Ying Xue
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China; (W.W.); (Y.Y.); (X.M.); (Y.H.); (Q.R.); (Y.H.); (J.W.); (Y.X.); (R.Y.); (J.S.)
| | - Rui Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China; (W.W.); (Y.Y.); (X.M.); (Y.H.); (Q.R.); (Y.H.); (J.W.); (Y.X.); (R.Y.); (J.S.)
| | - Yuhan Guo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 2002141, China;
| | - Jinge Sun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China; (W.W.); (Y.Y.); (X.M.); (Y.H.); (Q.R.); (Y.H.); (J.W.); (Y.X.); (R.Y.); (J.S.)
| | - Lin Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China; (W.W.); (Y.Y.); (X.M.); (Y.H.); (Q.R.); (Y.H.); (J.W.); (Y.X.); (R.Y.); (J.S.)
| | - Zhanpeng Sun
- Faculty of Education, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
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Shang H, Li M, Pan X. Dynamic Regulation of the Light-Harvesting System through State Transitions in Land Plants and Green Algae. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1173. [PMID: 36904032 PMCID: PMC10005731 DOI: 10.3390/plants12051173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthesis constitutes the only known natural process that captures the solar energy to convert carbon dioxide and water into biomass. The primary reactions of photosynthesis are catalyzed by the photosystem II (PSII) and photosystem I (PSI) complexes. Both photosystems associate with antennae complexes whose main function is to increase the light-harvesting capability of the core. In order to maintain optimal photosynthetic activity under a constantly changing natural light environment, plants and green algae regulate the absorbed photo-excitation energy between PSI and PSII through processes known as state transitions. State transitions represent a short-term light adaptation mechanism for balancing the energy distribution between the two photosystems by relocating light-harvesting complex II (LHCII) proteins. The preferential excitation of PSII (state 2) results in the activation of a chloroplast kinase which in turn phosphorylates LHCII, a process followed by the release of phosphorylated LHCII from PSII and its migration to PSI, thus forming the PSI-LHCI-LHCII supercomplex. The process is reversible, as LHCII is dephosphorylated and returns to PSII under the preferential excitation of PSI. In recent years, high-resolution structures of the PSI-LHCI-LHCII supercomplex from plants and green algae were reported. These structural data provide detailed information on the interacting patterns of phosphorylated LHCII with PSI and on the pigment arrangement in the supercomplex, which is critical for constructing the excitation energy transfer pathways and for a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanism of state transitions progress. In this review, we focus on the structural data of the state 2 supercomplex from plants and green algae and discuss the current state of knowledge concerning the interactions between antenna and the PSI core and the potential energy transfer pathways in these supercomplexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Shang
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Mei Li
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xiaowei Pan
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
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Bai WP, Li HJ, Hepworth SR, Liu HS, Liu LB, Wang GN, Ma Q, Bao AK, Wang SM. Physiological and transcriptomic analyses provide insight into thermotolerance in desert plant Zygophyllum xanthoxylum. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:7. [PMID: 36600201 PMCID: PMC9814312 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-04024-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heat stress has adverse effects on the growth and reproduction of plants. Zygophyllum xanthoxylum, a typical xerophyte, is a dominant species in the desert where summer temperatures are around 40 °C. However, the mechanism underlying the thermotolerance of Z. xanthoxylum remained unclear. RESULTS Here, we characterized the acclimation of Z. xanthoxylum to heat using a combination of physiological measurements and transcriptional profiles under treatments at 40 °C and 45 °C, respectively. Strikingly, moderate high temperature (40 °C) led to an increase in photosynthetic capacity and superior plant performance, whereas severe high temperature (45 °C) was accompanied by reduced photosynthetic capacity and inhibited growth. Transcriptome profiling indicated that the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were related to transcription factor activity, protein folding and photosynthesis under heat conditions. Furthermore, numerous genes encoding heat transcription shock factors (HSFs) and heat shock proteins (HSPs) were significantly up-regulated under heat treatments, which were correlated with thermotolerance of Z. xanthoxylum. Interestingly, the up-regulation of PSI and PSII genes and the down-regulation of chlorophyll catabolism genes likely contribute to improving plant performance of Z. xanthoxylum under moderate high temperature. CONCLUSIONS We identified key genes associated with of thermotolerance and growth in Z. xanthoxylum, which provide significant insights into the regulatory mechanisms of thermotolerance and growth regulation in Z. xanthoxylum under high temperature conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Peng Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems; College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, People's Republic of China
| | - Hu-Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems; College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, People's Republic of China
| | - Shelley R Hepworth
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems; College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, People's Republic of China
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Hai-Shuang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems; College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin-Bo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems; College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, People's Republic of China
| | - Gai-Ni Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems; College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems; College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, People's Republic of China
| | - Ai-Ke Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems; College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, People's Republic of China
| | - Suo-Min Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems; College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, People's Republic of China.
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Teng L, Zhu Y, Li H, Song X, Shi L. The phytotoxicity of microplastics to the photosynthetic performance and transcriptome profiling of Nicotiana tabacum seedlings. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 231:113155. [PMID: 35007831 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.113155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs), as emerging "new generation" organic contaminants, have attracted extensive attention regarding their severe toxicity to aquatic and terrestrial organisms. However, the responses of plant photosynthesis to soil MP pollution are unclear. In this study, Nicotiana tabacum seedlings were grown in soils containing 0~1000 g·kg-1 polyethylene (PE)-MPs for 48 days. PE-MPs significantly increased the superoxide anion content by 15.3~44.8% but decreased the chlorophyll content and Rubisco activity by 4.3~14.0% and 4.23~30.9%, respectively. PE-MPs also inhibited RuBP carboxylation activation and regeneration, restrained light use efficiency, and prevented dark respiration, thereby reducing the light-saturated photosynthesis rate. The changed shape of OJIP transients indicated that PE-MP toxicity inhibited not only the primary photochemistry rate but also photoelectrochemical quenching, resulting in decreased quantum yields. RNA-Seq revealed thousands of differentially expressed genes (DEGs), among which 79 highly expressed DEGs were enriched in photosynthesis-related processes. Functional annotation revealed that the reduction in environment stress was mainly due to the repressed expression of light harvesting-, electron transport- and photosystem-related genes in chloroplasts. This study regarding the physiological and molecular responses of photosynthetic performance to soil PE-MP pollution provides a new viewpoint for exploring the plant photosynthesis regulating and protective mechanisms under soil MP stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linhong Teng
- College of Life Sciences, Dezhou University, De'zhou 253023, China
| | - Yihao Zhu
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Haibin Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Xiliang Song
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China.
| | - Lianhui Shi
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China.
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10
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Liang Y, Gong Z, Wang J, Zheng J, Ma Y, Min L, Chen Q, Li Z, Qu Y, Chen Q, Li X. Nanopore-Based Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Reveals the Potential Mechanism of High-Temperature Tolerance in Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10112517. [PMID: 34834881 PMCID: PMC8618236 DOI: 10.3390/plants10112517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Extreme high temperatures are threatening cotton production around the world due to the intensification of global warming. To cope with high-temperature stress, heat-tolerant cotton cultivars have been bred, but the heat-tolerant mechanism remains unclear. This study selected heat-tolerant (‘Xinluzao36′) and heat-sensitive (‘Che61-72′) cultivars of cotton treated with high-temperature stress as plant materials and performed comparative nanopore sequencing transcriptome analysis to reveal the potential heat-tolerant mechanism of cotton. Results showed that 120,605 nonredundant sequences were generated from the raw reads, and 78,601 genes were annotated. Differentially expressed gene (DEG) analysis showed that a total of 19,600 DEGs were screened; the DEGs involved in the ribosome, heat shock proteins, auxin and ethylene signaling transduction, and photosynthesis pathways may be attributed to the heat tolerance of the heat-tolerant cotton cultivar. This study also predicted a total of 5118 long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs)and 24,462 corresponding target genes. Analysis of the target genes revealed that the expression of some ribosomal, heat shock, auxin and ethylene signaling transduction-related and photosynthetic proteins may be regulated by lncRNAs and further participate in the heat tolerance of cotton. This study deepens our understandings of the heat tolerance of cotton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Liang
- Engineering Research Centre of Cotton of Ministry of Education, Xinjiang Agricultural University, 311 Nongda East Road, Urumqi 830001, China; (Y.L.); (Q.C.); (Y.Q.)
- Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Urumqi 830001, China; (Z.G.); (J.W.); (J.Z.)
| | - Zhaolong Gong
- Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Urumqi 830001, China; (Z.G.); (J.W.); (J.Z.)
| | - Junduo Wang
- Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Urumqi 830001, China; (Z.G.); (J.W.); (J.Z.)
| | - Juyun Zheng
- Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Urumqi 830001, China; (Z.G.); (J.W.); (J.Z.)
| | - Yizan Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.M.); (L.M.)
| | - Ling Min
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.M.); (L.M.)
| | - Qin Chen
- Engineering Research Centre of Cotton of Ministry of Education, Xinjiang Agricultural University, 311 Nongda East Road, Urumqi 830001, China; (Y.L.); (Q.C.); (Y.Q.)
| | - Zhiqiang Li
- Adsen Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Urumqi 830022, China;
| | - Yanying Qu
- Engineering Research Centre of Cotton of Ministry of Education, Xinjiang Agricultural University, 311 Nongda East Road, Urumqi 830001, China; (Y.L.); (Q.C.); (Y.Q.)
| | - Quanjia Chen
- Engineering Research Centre of Cotton of Ministry of Education, Xinjiang Agricultural University, 311 Nongda East Road, Urumqi 830001, China; (Y.L.); (Q.C.); (Y.Q.)
- Correspondence: (Q.C.); (X.L.)
| | - Xueyuan Li
- Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Urumqi 830001, China; (Z.G.); (J.W.); (J.Z.)
- Correspondence: (Q.C.); (X.L.)
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11
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Bashyal BM, Parmar P, Zaidi NW, Aggarwal R. Molecular Programming of Drought-Challenged Trichoderma harzianum-Bioprimed Rice ( Oryza sativa L.). Front Microbiol 2021; 12:655165. [PMID: 33927706 PMCID: PMC8076752 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.655165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Trichoderma biopriming enhances rice growth in drought-stressed soils by triggering various plant metabolic pathways related to antioxidative defense, secondary metabolites, and hormonal upregulation. In the present study, transcriptomic analysis of rice cultivar IR64 bioprimed with Trichoderma harzianum under drought stress was carried out in comparison with drought-stressed samples using next-generation sequencing techniques. Out of the 2,506 significant (p < 0.05) differentially expressed genes (DEGs), 337 (15%) were exclusively expressed in drought-stressed plants, 382 (15%) were expressed in T. harzianum-treated drought-stressed plants, and 1,787 (70%) were commonly expressed. Furthermore, comparative analysis of upregulated and downregulated genes under stressed conditions showed that 1,053 genes (42%) were upregulated and 733 genes (29%) were downregulated in T. harzianum-treated drought-stressed rice plants. The genes exclusively expressed in T. harzianum-treated drought-stressed plants were mostly photosynthetic and antioxidative such as plastocyanin, small chain of Rubisco, PSI subunit Q, PSII subunit PSBY, osmoproteins, proline-rich protein, aquaporins, stress-enhanced proteins, and chaperonins. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis states that the most enriched pathways were metabolic (38%) followed by pathways involved in the synthesis of secondary metabolites (25%), carbon metabolism (6%), phenyl propanoid (7%), and glutathione metabolism (3%). Some of the genes were selected for validation using real-time PCR which showed consistent expression as RNA-Seq data. Furthermore, to establish host-T. harzianum interaction, transcriptome analysis of Trichoderma was also carried out. The Gene Ontology (GO) analysis of T. harzianum transcriptome suggested that the annotated genes are functionally related to carbohydrate binding module, glycoside hydrolase, GMC oxidoreductase, and trehalase and were mainly upregulated, playing an important role in establishing the mycelia colonization of rice roots and its growth. Overall, it can be concluded that T. harzianum biopriming delays drought stress in rice cultivars by a multitude of molecular programming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bishnu Maya Bashyal
- Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa, New Delhi, India
| | - Pooja Parmar
- Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Rashmi Aggarwal
- Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa, New Delhi, India
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12
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Landi M, Agati G, Fini A, Guidi L, Sebastiani F, Tattini M. Unveiling the shade nature of cyanic leaves: A view from the "blue absorbing side" of anthocyanins. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2021; 44:1119-1129. [PMID: 32515010 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Anthocyanins have long been suggested as having great potential in offering photoprotection to plants facing high light irradiance. Nonetheless, their effective ability in protecting the photosynthetic apparatus from supernumerary photons has been questioned by some authors, based upon the inexact belief that anthocyanins almost exclusively absorb green photons, which are poorly absorbed by chlorophylls. Here we focus on the blue light absorbing features of anthocyanins, a neglected issue in anthocyanin research. Anthocyanins effectively absorb blue photons: the absorbance of blue relative to green photons increases from tri- to mono-hydroxy B-ring substituted structures, reaching up to 50% of green photons absorption. We offer a comprehensive picture of the molecular events activated by low blue-light availability, extending our previous analysis in purple and green basil, which we suggest to be responsible for the "shade syndrome" displayed by cyanic leaves. While purple leaves display overexpression of genes promoting chlorophyll biosynthesis and light harvesting, in green leaves it is the genes involved in the stability/repair of photosystems that are largely overexpressed. As a corollary, this adds further support to the view of an effective photoprotective role of anthocyanins. We discuss the profound morpho-anatomical adjustments imposed by the epidermal anthocyanin shield, which reflect adjustments in light harvesting capacity under imposed shade and make complex the analysis of the photosynthetic performance of cyanic versus acyanic leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Landi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giovanni Agati
- Institute of Applied Physics 'Nello Carrara', Florence, Italy
| | - Alessio Fini
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences-Production, Landscape, Agroenergy University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Lucia Guidi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Federico Sebastiani
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy, Florence, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Tattini
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy, Florence, Italy
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13
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Huang Z, Shen L, Wang W, Mao Z, Yi X, Kuang T, Shen JR, Zhang X, Han G. Structure of photosystem I-LHCI-LHCII from the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii in State 2. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1100. [PMID: 33597543 PMCID: PMC7889890 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21362-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Photosystem I (PSI) and II (PSII) balance their light energy distribution absorbed by their light-harvesting complexes (LHCs) through state transition to maintain the maximum photosynthetic performance and to avoid photodamage. In state 2, a part of LHCII moves to PSI, forming a PSI-LHCI-LHCII supercomplex. The green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii exhibits state transition to a far larger extent than higher plants. Here we report the cryo-electron microscopy structure of a PSI-LHCI-LHCII supercomplex in state 2 from C. reinhardtii at 3.42 Å resolution. The result reveals that the PSI-LHCI-LHCII of C. reinhardtii binds two LHCII trimers in addition to ten LHCI subunits. The PSI core subunits PsaO and PsaH, which were missed or not well-resolved in previous Cr-PSI-LHCI structures, are observed. The present results reveal the organization and assembly of PSI core subunits, LHCI and LHCII, pigment arrangement, and possible pathways of energy transfer from peripheral antennae to the PSI core.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihui Huang
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Biophysics, and Department of Pathology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang China
| | - Liangliang Shen
- grid.435133.30000 0004 0596 3367Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China
| | - Wenda Wang
- grid.435133.30000 0004 0596 3367Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiyuan Mao
- grid.435133.30000 0004 0596 3367Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohan Yi
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Biophysics, and Department of Pathology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang China
| | - Tingyun Kuang
- grid.435133.30000 0004 0596 3367Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Ren Shen
- grid.435133.30000 0004 0596 3367Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China ,grid.261356.50000 0001 1302 4472Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, and Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Xing Zhang
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Biophysics, and Department of Pathology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XCenter of Cryo-Electron Microscopy, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XZhejiang Laboratory for System and Precision Medicine, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang China
| | - Guangye Han
- grid.435133.30000 0004 0596 3367Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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14
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Wang Y, Wang D, Tao Z, Yang Y, Gao Z, Zhao G, Chang X. Impacts of Nitrogen Deficiency on Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) Grain During the Medium Filling Stage: Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Comparisons. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:674433. [PMID: 34421938 PMCID: PMC8371442 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.674433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) supplementation is essential to the yield and quality of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The impact of N-deficiency on wheat at the seedling stage has been previously reported, but the impact of distinct N regimes applied at the seedling stage with continuous application on filling and maturing wheat grains is lesser known, despite the filling stage being critical for final grain yield and flour quality. Here, we compared phenotype characteristics such as grain yield, grain protein and sugar quality, plant growth, leaf photosynthesis of wheat under N-deficient and N-sufficient conditions imposed prior to sowing (120 kg/hm2) and in the jointing stage (120 kg/hm2), and then evaluated the effects of this continued stress through RNA-seq and GC-MS metabolomics profiling of grain at the mid-filling stage. The results showed that except for an increase in grain size and weight, and in the content of total sugar, starch, and fiber in bran fraction and white flour, the other metrics were all decreased under N-deficiency conditions. A total of 761 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 77 differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) were identified. Under N-deficiency, 51 down-regulated DEGs were involved in the process of impeding chlorophyll synthesis, chloroplast development, light harvesting, and electron transfer functions of photosystem, which resulted in the SPAD and Pn value decreased by 32 and 15.2% compared with N-sufficiency, inhibited photosynthesis. Twenty-four DEGs implicated the inhibition of amino acids synthesis and protein transport, in agreement with a 17-42% reduction in ornithine, cysteine, aspartate, and tyrosine from metabolome, and an 18.6% reduction in grain protein content. However, 14 DEGs were implicated in promoting sugar accumulation in the cell wall and another six DEGs also enhanced cell wall synthesis, which significantly increased fiber content in the endosperm and likely contributed to increasing the thousands-grain weight (TGW). Moreover, RNA-seq profiling suggested that wheat grain can improve the capacity of DNA repair, iron uptake, disease and abiotic stress resistance, and oxidative stress scavenging through increasing the content levels of anthocyanin, flavonoid, GABA, galactose, and glucose under N-deficiency condition. This study identified candidate genes and metabolites related to low N adaption and tolerance that may provide new insights into a comprehensive understanding of the genotype-specific differences in performance under N-deficiency conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjie Wang
- Center for Crop Management and Farming System, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Demei Wang
- Center for Crop Management and Farming System, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiqiang Tao
- Center for Crop Management and Farming System, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Yushuang Yang
- Center for Crop Management and Farming System, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenxian Gao
- Wheat Research Center, Shijiazhuang Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Guangcai Zhao
- Center for Crop Management and Farming System, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Guangcai Zhao
| | - Xuhong Chang
- Center for Crop Management and Farming System, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
- Xuhong Chang
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15
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Caspy I, Malavath T, Klaiman D, Fadeeva M, Shkolnisky Y, Nelson N. Structure and energy transfer pathways of the Dunaliella Salina photosystem I supercomplex. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2020; 1861:148253. [PMID: 32569661 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2020.148253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Oxygenic photosynthesis evolved more than 3 billion years ago in cyanobacteria. The increased complexity of photosystem I (PSI) became apparent from the high-resolution structures that were obtained for the complexes that were isolated from various organisms, ranging from cyanobacteria to plants. These complexes are all evolutionarily linked. In this paper, the researchers have uncovered the increased complexity of PSI in a single organism demonstrated by the coexistance of two distinct PSI compositions. The Large Dunaliella PSI contains eight additional subunits, six in PSI core and two light harvesting complexes. Two additional chlorophyll a molecules pertinent for efficient excitation energy transfer in state II transition were identified in PsaL and PsaO. Short distances between these newly identified chlorophylls correspond with fast excitation transfer rates previously reported during state II transition. The apparent PSI conformations could be a coping mechanism for the high salinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ido Caspy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Tirupathi Malavath
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Daniel Klaiman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Maria Fadeeva
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Yoel Shkolnisky
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Nathan Nelson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.
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16
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Lee K, Lehmann M, Paul MV, Wang L, Luckner M, Wanner G, Geigenberger P, Leister D, Kleine T. Lack of FIBRILLIN6 in Arabidopsis thaliana affects light acclimation and sulfate metabolism. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 225:1715-1731. [PMID: 31596965 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Arabidopsis thaliana contains 13 fibrillins (FBNs), which are all localized to chloroplasts. FBN1 and FBN2 are involved in photoprotection of photosystem II, and FBN4 and FBN5 are thought to be involved in plastoquinone transport and biosynthesis, respectively. The functions of the other FBNs remain largely unknown. To gain insight into the function of FBN6, we performed coexpression and Western analyses, conducted fluorescence and transmission electron microscopy, stained reactive oxygen species (ROS), measured photosynthetic parameters and glutathione levels, and applied transcriptomics and metabolomics. Using coexpression analyses, FBN6 was identified as a photosynthesis-associated gene. FBN6 is localized to thylakoid and envelope membranes, and its knockout results in stunted plants. The delayed-growth phenotype cannot be attributed to altered basic photosynthesis parameters or a reduced CO2 assimilation rate. Under moderate light stress, primary leaves of fbn6 plants begin to bleach and contain enlarged plastoglobules. RNA sequencing and metabolomics analyses point to an alteration in sulfate reduction in fbn6. Indeed, glutathione content is higher in fbn6, which in turn confers cadmium tolerance of fbn6 seedlings. We conclude that loss of FBN6 leads to perturbation of ROS homeostasis. FBN6 enables plants to cope with moderate light stress and affects cadmium tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwanuk Lee
- Plant Molecular Biology (Botany), Department Biology I, Ludwig-Maximilians-University München, 82152, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Martin Lehmann
- Plant Molecular Biology (Botany), Department Biology I, Ludwig-Maximilians-University München, 82152, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Melanie V Paul
- Plant Metabolism, Department Biology I, Ludwig-Maximilians-University München, 82152, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Liangsheng Wang
- Plant Molecular Biology (Botany), Department Biology I, Ludwig-Maximilians-University München, 82152, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Manja Luckner
- Ultrastrukturforschung, Department Biology I, Ludwig-Maximilians-University München, 81252, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Gerhard Wanner
- Ultrastrukturforschung, Department Biology I, Ludwig-Maximilians-University München, 81252, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Peter Geigenberger
- Plant Metabolism, Department Biology I, Ludwig-Maximilians-University München, 82152, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Dario Leister
- Plant Molecular Biology (Botany), Department Biology I, Ludwig-Maximilians-University München, 82152, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Tatjana Kleine
- Plant Molecular Biology (Botany), Department Biology I, Ludwig-Maximilians-University München, 82152, Martinsried, Germany
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17
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Rathi D, Gayali S, Pareek A, Chakraborty S, Chakraborty N. Transcriptome profiling illustrates expression signatures of dehydration tolerance in developing grasspea seedlings. PLANTA 2019; 250:839-855. [PMID: 30627890 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-018-03082-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study highlights dehydration-mediated temporal changes in physicochemical, transcriptome and metabolome profiles indicating altered gene expression and metabolic shifts, underlying endurance and adaptation to stress tolerance in the marginalized crop, grasspea. Grasspea, often regarded as an orphan legume, is recognized to be fairly tolerant to water-deficit stress. In the present study, 3-week-old grasspea seedlings were subjected to dehydration by withholding water over a period of 144 h. While there were no detectable phenotypic changes in the seedlings till 48 h, the symptoms appeared during 72 h and aggravated upon prolonged dehydration. The physiological responses to water-deficit stress during 72-96 h displayed a decrease in pigments, disruption in membrane integrity and osmotic imbalance. We evaluated the temporal effects of dehydration at the transcriptome and metabolome levels. In total, 5201 genes of various functional classes including transcription factors, cytoplasmic enzymes and structural cell wall proteins, among others, were found to be dehydration-responsive. Further, metabolome profiling revealed 59 dehydration-responsive metabolites including sugar alcohols and amino acids. Despite the lack of genome information of grasspea, the time course of physicochemical and molecular responses suggest a synchronized dehydration response. The cross-species comparison of the transcriptomes and metabolomes with other legumes provides evidence for marked molecular diversity. We propose a hypothetical model that highlights novel biomarkers and explain their relevance in dehydration-response, which would facilitate targeted breeding and aid in commencing crop improvement efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Rathi
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Jawaharlal Nehru University Campus, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Saurabh Gayali
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Jawaharlal Nehru University Campus, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Akanksha Pareek
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Jawaharlal Nehru University Campus, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Subhra Chakraborty
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Jawaharlal Nehru University Campus, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Niranjan Chakraborty
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Jawaharlal Nehru University Campus, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India.
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18
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Grossman A, Sanz-Luque E, Yi H, Yang W. Building the GreenCut2 suite of proteins to unmask photosynthetic function and regulation. Microbiology (Reading) 2019; 165:697-718. [DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.000788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Grossman
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Emanuel Sanz-Luque
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Heng Yi
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany (CAS), Beijing, PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Wenqiang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany (CAS), Beijing, PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
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Pan X, Ma J, Su X, Cao P, Chang W, Liu Z, Zhang X, Li M. Structure of the maize photosystem I supercomplex with light-harvesting complexes I and II. Science 2018; 360:1109-1113. [PMID: 29880686 DOI: 10.1126/science.aat1156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Plants regulate photosynthetic light harvesting to maintain balanced energy flux into photosystems I and II (PSI and PSII). Under light conditions favoring PSII excitation, the PSII antenna, light-harvesting complex II (LHCII), is phosphorylated and forms a supercomplex with PSI core and the PSI antenna, light-harvesting complex I (LHCI). Both LHCI and LHCII then transfer excitation energy to the PSI core. We report the structure of maize PSI-LHCI-LHCII solved by cryo-electron microscopy, revealing the recognition site between LHCII and PSI. The PSI subunits PsaN and PsaO are observed at the PSI-LHCI interface and the PSI-LHCII interface, respectively. Each subunit relays excitation to PSI core through a pair of chlorophyll molecules, thus revealing previously unseen paths for energy transfer between the antennas and the PSI core.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Pan
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P.R. China
| | - Jun Ma
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P.R. China
| | - Xiaodong Su
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P.R. China
| | - Peng Cao
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P.R. China
| | - Wenrui Chang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P.R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Zhenfeng Liu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P.R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Xinzheng Zhang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P.R. China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China.,Center for Biological Imaging, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P.R. China
| | - Mei Li
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P.R. China.
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20
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Fan X, Xu J, Lavoie M, Peijnenburg WJGM, Zhu Y, Lu T, Fu Z, Zhu T, Qian H. Multiwall carbon nanotubes modulate paraquat toxicity in Arabidopsis thaliana. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 233:633-641. [PMID: 29107903 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.10.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/28/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes can be either toxic or beneficial to plant growth and can also modulate toxicity of organic contaminants through surface sorption. The complex interacting toxic effects of carbon nanotubes and organic contaminants in plants have received little attention in the literature to date. In this study, the toxicity of multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT, 50 mg/L) and paraquat (MV, 0.82 mg/L), separately or in combination, were evaluated at the physiological and the proteomic level in Arabidopsis thaliana for 7-14 days. The results revealed that the exposure to MWCNT had no inhibitory effect on the growth of shoots and leaves. Rather, MWCNT stimulated the relative electron transport rate and the effective photochemical quantum yield of PSII value as compared to the control by around 12% and lateral root production up to nearly 4-fold as compared to the control. The protective effect of MWCNT on MV toxicity on the root surface area could be quantitatively explained by the extent of MV adsorption on MWCNT and was related to stimulation of photosynthesis, antioxidant protection and number and area of lateral roots which in turn helped nutrient assimilation. The influence of MWCNT and MV on photosynthesis and oxidative stress at the physiological level was consistent with the proteomics analysis, with various over-expressed photosynthesis-related proteins (by more than 2 folds) and various under-expressed oxidative stress related proteins (by about 2-3 folds). This study brings new insights into the interactive effects of two xenobiotics (MWCNT and MV) on the physiology of a model plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoji Fan
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, PR China
| | - Jiahui Xu
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, PR China
| | - Michel Lavoie
- Quebec-Ocean and Takuvik Joint International Research Unit, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - W J G M Peijnenburg
- Institute of Environmental Sciences (CML), Leiden University, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands; National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Center for Safety of Substances and Products, P.O. Box 1, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Youchao Zhu
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, PR China
| | - Tao Lu
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, PR China
| | - Zhengwei Fu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, PR China
| | - Tingheng Zhu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, PR China
| | - Haifeng Qian
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, PR China.
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21
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Tian L, Liu Z, Wang F, Shen L, Chen J, Chang L, Zhao S, Han G, Wang W, Kuang T, Qin X, Shen JR. Isolation and characterization of PSI-LHCI super-complex and their sub-complexes from a red alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2017; 133:201-214. [PMID: 28405862 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-017-0384-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Photosystem I (PSI)-light-harvesting complex I (LHCI) super-complex and its sub-complexes PSI core and LHCI, were purified from a unicellular red alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae and characterized. PSI-LHCI of C. merolae existed as a monomer with a molecular mass of 580 kDa. Mass spectrometry analysis identified 11 subunits (PsaA, B, C, D, E, F, I, J, K, L, O) in the core complex and three LHCI subunits, CMQ142C, CMN234C, and CMN235C in LHCI, indicating that at least three Lhcr subunits associate with the red algal PSI core. PsaG was not found in the red algae PSI-LHCI, and we suggest that the position corresponding to Lhca1 in higher plant PSI-LHCI is empty in the red algal PSI-LHCI. The PSI-LHCI complex was separated into two bands on native PAGE, suggesting that two different complexes may be present with slightly different protein compositions probably with respective to the numbers of Lhcr subunits. Based on the results obtained, a structural model was proposed for the red algal PSI-LHCI. Furthermore, pigment analysis revealed that the C. merolae PSI-LHCI contained a large amount of zeaxanthin, which is mainly associated with the LHCI complex whereas little zeaxanthin was found in the PSI core. This indicates a unique feature of the carotenoid composition of the Lhcr proteins and may suggest an important role of Zea in the light-harvesting and photoprotection of the red algal PSI-LHCI complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lirong Tian
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 20, Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Rd, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zheyi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan Road 457, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Fangjun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan Road 457, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Liangliang Shen
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 20, Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Rd, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jinghua Chen
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 20, Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Rd, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lijing Chang
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 20, Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Rd, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Songhao Zhao
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 20, Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Rd, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Guangye Han
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 20, Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Wenda Wang
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 20, Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Tingyun Kuang
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 20, Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Xiaochun Qin
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 20, Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, China.
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, No.336, Nanxinzhuang West Road, Jinan, 250022, China.
| | - Jian-Ren Shen
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 20, Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, China.
- Research Institute of Interdisciplinary Science, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Tsushima Naka 3-1-1, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan.
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22
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Liao Y, Jiang Y, Xu J, Hu C, Quan C, Zhou J, Xu Z, Gao X, Li L, Zhu J, Jia X, Chen R. Overexpression of a thylakoid membrane protein geneOsTMP14improves indica rice cold tolerance. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2017.1334590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yongrong Liao
- Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yunyun Jiang
- Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jinghong Xu
- Crop Research Institute, Chengdu Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Changqiong Hu
- Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Changqian Quan
- Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jingmin Zhou
- Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhengjun Xu
- Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoling Gao
- Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lihua Li
- Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jianqing Zhu
- Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaomei Jia
- Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Rongjun Chen
- Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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23
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Dutra de Souza J, de Andrade Silva EM, Coelho Filho MA, Morillon R, Bonatto D, Micheli F, da Silva Gesteira A. Different adaptation strategies of two citrus scion/rootstock combinations in response to drought stress. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0177993. [PMID: 28545114 PMCID: PMC5435350 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Scion/rootstock interaction is important for plant development and for breeding programs. In this context, polyploid rootstocks presented several advantages, mainly in relation to biotic and abiotic stresses. Here we analyzed the response to drought of two different scion/rootstock combinations presenting different polyploidy: the diploid (2x) and autotetraploid (4x) Rangpur lime (Citrus limonia, Osbeck) rootstocks grafted with 2x Valencia Delta sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) scions, named V/2xRL and V/4xRL, respectively. Based on previous gene expression data, we developed an interactomic approach to identify proteins involved in V/2xRL and V/4xRL response to drought. A main interactomic network containing 3,830 nodes and 97,652 edges was built from V/2xRL and V/4xRL data. Exclusive proteins of the V/2xRL and V/4xRL networks (2,056 and 1,001, respectively), as well as common to both networks (773) were identified. Functional clusters were obtained and two models of drought stress response for the V/2xRL and V/4xRL genotypes were designed. Even if the V/2xRL plant implement some tolerance mechanisms, the global plant response to drought was rapid and quickly exhaustive resulting in a general tendency to dehydration avoidance, which presented some advantage in short and strong drought stress conditions, but which, in long terms, does not allow the plant survival. At the contrary, the V/4xRL plants presented a response which strong impacts on development but that present some advantages in case of prolonged drought. Finally, some specific proteins, which presented high centrality on interactomic analysis were identified as good candidates for subsequent functional analysis of citrus genes related to drought response, as well as be good markers of one or another physiological mechanism implemented by the plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joadson Dutra de Souza
- Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Departamento de Ciências Biológicas (DCB), Centro de Biotecnologia e Genética (CBG), Rodovia Ilhéus-Itabuna, Ilhéus-BA, Brazil
| | - Edson Mario de Andrade Silva
- Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Departamento de Ciências Biológicas (DCB), Centro de Biotecnologia e Genética (CBG), Rodovia Ilhéus-Itabuna, Ilhéus-BA, Brazil
| | - Mauricio Antônio Coelho Filho
- Embrapa Mandioca e Fruticultura, Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Rua Embrapa, s/n°, Cruz das Almas, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | - Diego Bonatto
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Departamento de Biologia Molecular e Biotecnologia, Centro de Biotecnologia, Avenida Bento Goncalves 9500–Predio 43421, Porto Alegre-RS, Brazil
| | - Fabienne Micheli
- Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Departamento de Ciências Biológicas (DCB), Centro de Biotecnologia e Genética (CBG), Rodovia Ilhéus-Itabuna, Ilhéus-BA, Brazil
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP, Montpellier, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Abelmon da Silva Gesteira
- Embrapa Mandioca e Fruticultura, Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Rua Embrapa, s/n°, Cruz das Almas, Bahia, Brazil
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24
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Schöttler MA, Thiele W, Belkius K, Bergner SV, Flügel C, Wittenberg G, Agrawal S, Stegemann S, Ruf S, Bock R. The plastid-encoded PsaI subunit stabilizes photosystem I during leaf senescence in tobacco. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:1137-1155. [PMID: 28180288 PMCID: PMC5429015 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
PsaI is the only subunit of PSI whose precise physiological function has not yet been elucidated in higher plants. While PsaI is involved in PSI trimerization in cyanobacteria, trimerization was lost during the evolution of the eukaryotic PSI, and the entire PsaI side of PSI underwent major structural remodelling to allow for binding of light harvesting complex II antenna proteins during state transitions. Here, we have generated a tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) knockout mutant of the plastid-encoded psaI gene. We show that PsaI is not required for the redox reactions of PSI. Neither plastocyanin oxidation nor the processes at the PSI acceptor side are impaired in the mutant, and both linear and cyclic electron flux rates are unaltered. The PSI antenna cross section is unaffected, state transitions function normally, and binding of other PSI subunits to the reaction centre is not compromised. Under a wide range of growth conditions, the mutants are phenotypically and physiologically indistinguishable from wild-type tobacco. However, in response to high-light and chilling stress, and especially during leaf senescence, PSI content is reduced in the mutants, indicating that the I-subunit plays a role in stabilizing PSI complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Aurel Schöttler
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Wolfram Thiele
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Karolina Belkius
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Sonja Verena Bergner
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Claudia Flügel
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Gal Wittenberg
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Shreya Agrawal
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Sandra Stegemann
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Stephanie Ruf
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Ralph Bock
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
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25
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Qin X, Suga M, Kuang T, Shen JR. Photosynthesis. Structural basis for energy transfer pathways in the plant PSI-LHCI supercomplex. Science 2015; 348:989-95. [PMID: 26023133 DOI: 10.1126/science.aab0214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 277] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthesis converts solar energy to chemical energy by means of two large pigment-protein complexes: photosystem I (PSI) and photosystem II (PSII). In higher plants, the PSI core is surrounded by a large light-harvesting complex I (LHCI) that captures sunlight and transfers the excitation energy to the core with extremely high efficiency. We report the structure of PSI-LHCI, a 600-kilodalton membrane protein supercomplex, from Pisum sativum (pea) at a resolution of 2.8 angstroms. The structure reveals the detailed arrangement of pigments and other cofactors—especially within LHCI—as well as numerous specific interactions between the PSI core and LHCI. These results provide a firm structural basis for our understanding on the energy transfer and photoprotection mechanisms within the PSI-LHCI supercomplex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochun Qin
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China. Photosynthesis Research Center, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Tsushima Naka 3-1-1, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Michihiro Suga
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Tsushima Naka 3-1-1, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Tingyun Kuang
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China.
| | - Jian-Ren Shen
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China. Photosynthesis Research Center, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Tsushima Naka 3-1-1, Okayama 700-8530, Japan.
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26
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Minagawa J, Tokutsu R. Dynamic regulation of photosynthesis in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 82:413-428. [PMID: 25702778 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2014] [Revised: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Plants and algae have acquired the ability to acclimatize to ever-changing environments to survive. During photosynthesis, light energy is converted by several membrane protein supercomplexes into electrochemical energy, which is eventually used to assimilate CO2 . The efficiency of photosynthesis is modulated by many environmental factors, including temperature, drought, CO2 concentration, and the quality and quantity of light. Recently, our understanding of such regulators of photosynthesis and the underlying molecular mechanisms has increased considerably. The photosynthetic supercomplexes undergo supramolecular reorganizations within a short time after receiving environmental cues. These reorganizations include state transitions that balance the excitation of the two photosystems: qE quenching, which thermally dissipates excess energy at the level of the light-harvesting antenna, and cyclic electron flow, which supplies the increased ATP demanded by CO2 assimilation and the pH gradient to activate qE quenching. This review focuses on the recent findings regarding the environmental regulation of photosynthesis in model organisms, paying particular attention to the unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, which offer a glimpse into the dynamic behavior of photosynthetic machinery in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Minagawa
- Division of Environmental Photobiology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
- Department of Basic Biology, School of Life Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan
| | - Ryutaro Tokutsu
- Division of Environmental Photobiology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
- Department of Basic Biology, School of Life Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan
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27
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Derks A, Schaven K, Bruce D. Diverse mechanisms for photoprotection in photosynthesis. Dynamic regulation of photosystem II excitation in response to rapid environmental change. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2015; 1847:468-485. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2015.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Revised: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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28
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Hochmal AK, Schulze S, Trompelt K, Hippler M. Calcium-dependent regulation of photosynthesis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2015; 1847:993-1003. [PMID: 25687895 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2015.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Revised: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The understanding of calcium as a second messenger in plants has been growing intensively over the last decades. Recently, attention has been drawn to the organelles, especially the chloroplast but focused on the stromal Ca2+ transients in response to environmental stresses. Herein we will expand this view and discuss the role of Ca2+ in photosynthesis. Moreover we address of how Ca2+ is delivered to chloroplast stroma and thylakoids. Thereby, new light is shed on the regulation of photosynthetic electron flow and light-dependent metabolism by the interplay of Ca2+, thylakoid acidification and redox status. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Chloroplast biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Karina Hochmal
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, Münster 48143, Germany
| | - Stefan Schulze
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, Münster 48143, Germany
| | - Kerstin Trompelt
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, Münster 48143, Germany
| | - Michael Hippler
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, Münster 48143, Germany.
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29
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Takahashi H, Okamuro A, Minagawa J, Takahashi Y. Biochemical Characterization of Photosystem I-Associated Light-Harvesting Complexes I and II Isolated from State 2 Cells of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 55:1437-49. [DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcu071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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30
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Finazzi G, Minagawa J. High Light Acclimation in Green Microalgae. ADVANCES IN PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND RESPIRATION 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-9032-1_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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31
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Minagawa J. Dynamic reorganization of photosynthetic supercomplexes during environmental acclimation of photosynthesis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2013; 4:513. [PMID: 24381578 PMCID: PMC3865443 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2013.00513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/30/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Plants and algae have acquired the ability to acclimate to ever-changing environments in order to survive. During photosynthesis, light energy is converted by several membrane protein supercomplexes into electrochemical energy, which is eventually used to assimilate CO2. The efficiency of photosynthesis is modulated by many environmental factors such as quality and quantity of light, temperature, drought, and CO2 concentration, among others. Accumulating evidence indicates that photosynthetic supercomplexes undergo supramolecular reorganization within a short time frame during acclimation to an environmental change. This reorganization includes state transitions that balance the excitation of photosystem I and II by shuttling peripheral antenna proteins between the two, thermal energy dissipation that occurs at energy-quenching sites within the light-harvesting antenna generated for negative feedback when excess light is absorbed, and cyclic electron flow that is facilitated between photosystem I and the cytochrome bf complex when cells demand more ATP and/or need to activate energy dissipation. This review will highlight the recent findings regarding these environmental acclimation events in model organisms with particular attention to the unicellular green alga C. reinhardtii and with reference to the vascular plant A. thaliana, which offers a glimpse into the dynamic behavior of photosynthetic machineries in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Minagawa
- *Correspondence: Jun Minagawa, Division of Environmental Photobiology, National Institute for Basic Biology, 38 Nishigonaka, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan e-mail:
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Ikeda Y, Yamagishi A, Komura M, Suzuki T, Dohmae N, Shibata Y, Itoh S, Koike H, Satoh K. Two types of fucoxanthin-chlorophyll-binding proteins I tightly bound to the photosystem I core complex in marine centric diatoms. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2013; 1827:529-39. [PMID: 23416844 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2013.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2012] [Revised: 01/31/2013] [Accepted: 02/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Intact fucoxanthin (Fucox)-chlorophyll (Chl)-binding protein I-photosystem I supercomplexes (FCPI-PSIs) were prepared by a newly developed simple fast procedure from centric diatoms Chaetoceros gracilis and Thalassiosira pseudonana to study the mechanism of their efficient solar energy accumulation. FCPI-PSI purified from C. gracilis contained 252 Chl a, 23 Chl c, 56 Fucox, 34 diadinoxanthin+diatoxanthin, 1 violaxanthin, 21 ß-carotene, and 2 menaquinone-4 per P700. The complex showed a high electron transfer activity at 185,000μmolmg Chl a(-1)·h(-1) to reduce methyl viologen from added cytochrome c6. We identified 14 and 21 FCP proteins in FCPI-PSI of C. gracilis and T. pseudonana, respectively, determined by N-terminal and internal amino acid sequences and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analyses. PsaO and a red lineage Chla/b-binding-like protein (RedCAP), Thaps3:270215, were also identified. Severe detergent treatment of FCPI-PSI released FCPI-1 first, leaving the FCPI-2-PSI-core complex. FCPI-1 contained more Chl c and showed Chl a fluorescence at a shorter wavelength than FCPI-2, suggesting an excitation-energy transfer from FCPI-1 to FCPI-2 and then to the PSI core. Fluorescence emission spectra at 17K in FCPI-2 varied depending on the excitation wavelength, suggesting two independent energy transfer routes. We formulated a model of FCPI-PSI based on the biochemical assay results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Ikeda
- Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo, Harima Science Garden City, Hyogo 678-1297, Japan.
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Krech K, Ruf S, Masduki FF, Thiele W, Bednarczyk D, Albus CA, Tiller N, Hasse C, Schöttler MA, Bock R. The plastid genome-encoded Ycf4 protein functions as a nonessential assembly factor for photosystem I in higher plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2012; 159:579-91. [PMID: 22517411 PMCID: PMC3375926 DOI: 10.1104/pp.112.196642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2012] [Accepted: 04/17/2012] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Photosystem biogenesis in the thylakoid membrane is a highly complicated process that requires the coordinated assembly of nucleus-encoded and chloroplast-encoded protein subunits as well as the insertion of hundreds of cofactors, such as chromophores (chlorophylls, carotenoids) and iron-sulfur clusters. The molecular details of the assembly process and the identity and functions of the auxiliary factors involved in it are only poorly understood. In this work, we have characterized the chloroplast genome-encoded ycf4 (for hypothetical chloroplast reading frame no. 4) gene, previously shown to encode a protein involved in photosystem I (PSI) biogenesis in the unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Using stable transformation of the chloroplast genome, we have generated ycf4 knockout plants in the higher plant tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum). Although these mutants are severely affected in their photosynthetic performance, they are capable of photoautotrophic growth, demonstrating that, different from Chlamydomonas, the ycf4 gene product is not essential for photosynthesis. We further show that ycf4 knockout plants are specifically deficient in PSI accumulation. Unaltered expression of plastid-encoded PSI genes and biochemical analyses suggest a posttranslational action of the Ycf4 protein in the PSI assembly process. With increasing leaf age, the contents of Ycf4 and Y3IP1, another auxiliary factor involved in PSI assembly, decrease strongly, whereas PSI contents remain constant, suggesting that PSI is highly stable and that its biogenesis is restricted to young leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Krech
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, D–14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Stephanie Ruf
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, D–14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Fifi F. Masduki
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, D–14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Wolfram Thiele
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, D–14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | | | - Christin A. Albus
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, D–14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Nadine Tiller
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, D–14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Claudia Hasse
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, D–14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Mark A. Schöttler
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, D–14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Ralph Bock
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, D–14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
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Tiller N, Weingartner M, Thiele W, Maximova E, Schöttler MA, Bock R. The plastid-specific ribosomal proteins of Arabidopsis thaliana can be divided into non-essential proteins and genuine ribosomal proteins. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2012; 69:302-16. [PMID: 21923745 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2011.04791.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Plastid translation occurs on bacterial-type 70S ribosomes consisting of a large (50S) subunit and a small (30S) subunit. The vast majority of plastid ribosomal proteins have orthologs in bacteria. In addition, plastids also possess a small set of unique ribosomal proteins, so-called plastid-specific ribosomal proteins (PSRPs). The functions of these PSRPs are unknown, but, based on structural studies, it has been proposed that they may represent accessory proteins involved in translational regulation. Here we have investigated the functions of five PSRPs using reverse genetics in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. By analyzing T-DNA insertion mutants and RNAi lines, we show that three PSRPs display characteristics of genuine ribosomal proteins, in that down-regulation of their expression led to decreased accumulation of the 30S or 50S subunit of the plastid ribosomes, resulting in plastid translational deficiency. In contrast, two other PSRPs can be knocked out without visible or measurable phenotypic consequences. Our data suggest that PSRPs fall into two types: (i) PSRPs that have a structural role in the ribosome and are bona fide ribosomal proteins, and (ii) non-essential PSRPs that are not required for stable ribosome accumulation and translation under standard greenhouse conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Tiller
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
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Minagawa J. State transitions--the molecular remodeling of photosynthetic supercomplexes that controls energy flow in the chloroplast. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2010; 1807:897-905. [PMID: 21108925 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2010.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2010] [Revised: 11/08/2010] [Accepted: 11/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In oxygen-evolving photosynthesis, the two photosystems-photosystem I and photosystem II-function in parallel, and their excitation levels must be balanced to maintain an optimal photosynthetic rate under natural light conditions. State transitions in photosynthetic organisms balance the absorbed light energy between the two photosystems in a short time by relocating light-harvesting complex II proteins. For over a decade, the understanding of the physiological consequences, the molecular mechanism, and its regulation has increased considerably. After providing an overview of the general understanding of state transitions, this review focuses on the recent advances of the molecular aspects of state transitions with a particular emphasis on the studies using the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Regulation of Electron Transport in Chloroplasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Minagawa
- Nattional Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Japan.
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Nelson N. Photosystems and global effects of oxygenic photosynthesis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2010; 1807:856-63. [PMID: 20955682 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2010.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2010] [Revised: 10/10/2010] [Accepted: 10/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Because life on earth is governed by the second law of thermodynamics, it is subject to increasing entropy. Oxygenic photosynthesis, the earth's major producer of both oxygen and organic matter, is a principal player in the development and maintenance of life, and thus results in increased order. The primary steps of oxygenic photosynthesis are driven by four multi-subunit membrane protein complexes: photosystem I, photosystem II, cytochrome b(6)f complex, and F-ATPase. Photosystem II generates the most positive redox potential found in nature and thus capable of extracting electrons from water. Photosystem I generates the most negative redox potential found in nature; thus, it largely determines the global amount of enthalpy in living systems. The recent structural determination of PSII and PSI complexes from cyanobacteria and plants sheds light on the evolutionary forces that shaped oxygenic photosynthesis. This newly available structural information complements knowledge gained from genomic and proteomic data, allowing for a more precise description of the scenario in which the evolution of life systems took place. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Regulation of Electron Transport in Chloroplasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Nelson
- Department of Biochemistry, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, The Daniella Rich Institute for Structural Biology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.
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Busch A, Hippler M. The structure and function of eukaryotic photosystem I. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2010; 1807:864-77. [PMID: 20920463 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2010.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2010] [Revised: 09/20/2010] [Accepted: 09/28/2010] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Eukaryotic photosystem I consists of two functional moieties: the photosystem I core, harboring the components for the light-driven charge separation and the subsequent electron transfer, and the peripheral light-harvesting complex (LHCI). While the photosystem I-core remained highly conserved throughout the evolution, with the exception of the oxidizing side of photosystem I, the LHCI complex shows a high degree of variability in size, subunits composition and bound pigments, which is due to the large variety of different habitats photosynthetic organisms dwell in. Besides summarizing the most current knowledge on the photosystem I-core structure, we will discuss the composition and structure of the LHCI complex from different eukaryotic organisms, both from the red and the green clade. Furthermore, mechanistic insights into electron transfer between the donor and acceptor side of photosystem I and its soluble electron transfer carrier proteins will be given. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Regulation of Electron Transport in Chloroplasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Busch
- Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
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Albus CA, Ruf S, Schöttler MA, Lein W, Kehr J, Bock R. Y3IP1, a nucleus-encoded thylakoid protein, cooperates with the plastid-encoded Ycf3 protein in photosystem I assembly of tobacco and Arabidopsis. THE PLANT CELL 2010; 22:2838-55. [PMID: 20807881 PMCID: PMC2947186 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.110.073908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2010] [Revised: 07/19/2010] [Accepted: 08/10/2010] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The intricate assembly of photosystem I (PSI), a large multiprotein complex in the thylakoid membrane, depends on auxiliary protein factors. One of the essential assembly factors for PSI is encoded by ycf3 (hypothetical chloroplast reading frame number 3) in the chloroplast genome of algae and higher plants. To identify novel factors involved in PSI assembly, we constructed an epitope-tagged version of ycf3 from tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) and introduced it into the tobacco chloroplast genome by genetic transformation. Immunoaffinity purification of Ycf3 complexes from the transplastomic plants identified a novel nucleus-encoded thylakoid protein, Y3IP1 (for Ycf3-interacting protein 1), that specifically interacts with the Ycf3 protein. Subsequent reverse genetics analysis of Y3IP1 function in tobacco and Arabidopsis thaliana revealed that knockdown of Y3IP1 leads to a specific deficiency in PSI but does not result in loss of Ycf3. Our data indicate that Y3IP1 represents a novel factor for PSI biogenesis that cooperates with the plastid genome-encoded Ycf3 in the assembly of stable PSI units in the thylakoid membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Ralph Bock
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
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Ozawa SI, Onishi T, Takahashi Y. Identification and characterization of an assembly intermediate subcomplex of photosystem I in the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:20072-9. [PMID: 20413595 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.098954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Photosystem I (PSI) is a multiprotein complex consisting of the PSI core and peripheral light-harvesting complex I (LHCI) that together form the PSI-LHCI supercomplex in algae and higher plants. The supercomplex is synthesized in steps during which 12-15 core and 4-9 LHCI subunits are assembled. Here we report the isolation of a PSI subcomplex that separated on a sucrose density gradient from the thylakoid membranes isolated from logarithmic growth phase cells of the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Pulse-chase labeling of total cellular proteins revealed that the subcomplex was synthesized de novo within 1 min and was converted to the mature PSI-LHCI during the 2-h chase period, indicating that the subcomplex was an assembly intermediate. The subcomplex was functional; it photo-oxidized P700 and demonstrated electron transfer activity. The subcomplex lacked PsaK and PsaG, however, and it bound PsaF and PsaJ weakly and was not associated with LHCI. It seemed likely that LHCI had been integrated into the subcomplex unstably and was dissociated during solubilization and/or fractionation. We, thus, infer that PsaK and PsaG stabilize the association between PSI core and LHCI complexes and that PsaK and PsaG bind to the PSI core complex after the integration of LHCI in one of the last steps of PSI complex assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Ichiro Ozawa
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Kita-ku, Tsushima-naka, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
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Pesaresi P, Hertle A, Pribi M, Schneider A, Kleine T, Leister D. Optimizing photosynthesis under fluctuating light: the role of the Arabidopsis STN7 kinase. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2010; 5:21-5. [PMID: 20592803 PMCID: PMC2835952 DOI: 10.4161/psb.5.1.10198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2009] [Accepted: 09/28/2009] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Optimal photosynthetic performance requires that equal amounts of light are absorbed by photosystem II (PSII) and photosystem I (PSi), which are functionally linked through the photosynthetic electron transport chain. However, photosynthetic organisms must cope with light conditions that lead to the preferential stimulation of one or the other of the photosystems. Plants react to such imbalances by mounting acclimation responses that redistribute excitation energy between photosystems and restore the photosynthetic redox poise. in the short term, this involves the so-called state transition process, which, over periods of minutes, alters the antennal cross-sections of the photosystems through the reversible association of a mobile fraction of light-harvesting complex II (LHCII) with PSI or PSII. Longer-lasting changes in light quality initiate a long-term response (LTr), occurring on a timescale of hours to days, that redresses imbalances in excitation energy by changing the relative amounts of the two photosystems. Despite the differences in their timescales of action, state transitions and LTr are both triggered by the redox state of the plastoquinone (PQ) pool, via the activation of the thylakoid kinase STN7, which appears to act as a common redox sensor and/or signal transducer for both responses. This review highlights recent findings concerning the role of STN7 in coordinating short- and long-term photosynthetic acclimation responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Pesaresi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomolecolari e Biotecnologie; Università degli Studi di Milano; Milan, Italy
| | - Alexander Hertle
- Lehrstuhl für Botanik; Department Biologie I; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Mathias Pribi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomolecolari e Biotecnologie; Università degli Studi di Milano; Milan, Italy
- Lehrstuhl für Botanik; Department Biologie I; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Anja Schneider
- Lehrstuhl für Botanik; Department Biologie I; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Tatjana Kleine
- Lehrstuhl für Botanik; Department Biologie I; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Dario Leister
- Lehrstuhl für Botanik; Department Biologie I; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
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Pesaresi P, Hertle A, Pribil M, Kleine T, Wagner R, Strissel H, Ihnatowicz A, Bonardi V, Scharfenberg M, Schneider A, Pfannschmidt T, Leister D. Arabidopsis STN7 kinase provides a link between short- and long-term photosynthetic acclimation. THE PLANT CELL 2009; 21:2402-23. [PMID: 19706797 PMCID: PMC2751956 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.108.064964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2008] [Revised: 07/02/2009] [Accepted: 07/25/2009] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Flowering plants control energy allocation to their photosystems in response to light quality changes. This includes the phosphorylation and migration of light-harvesting complex II (LHCII) proteins (state transitions or short-term response) as well as long-term alterations in thylakoid composition (long-term response or LTR). Both responses require the thylakoid protein kinase STN7. Here, we show that the signaling pathways triggering state transitions and LTR diverge at, or immediately downstream from, STN7. Both responses require STN7 activity that can be regulated according to the plastoquinone pool redox state. However, LTR signaling does not involve LHCII phosphorylation or any other state transition step. State transitions appear to play a prominent role in flowering plants, and the ability to perform state transitions becomes critical for photosynthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana mutants that are impaired in thylakoid electron transport but retain a functional LTR. Our data imply that STN7-dependent phosphorylation of an as yet unknown thylakoid protein triggers LTR signaling events, whereby an involvement of the TSP9 protein in the signaling pathway could be excluded. The LTR signaling events then ultimately regulate in chloroplasts the expression of photosynthesis-related genes on the transcript level, whereas expression of nuclear-encoded proteins is regulated at multiple levels, as indicated by transcript and protein profiling in LTR mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Pesaresi
- Dipartimento di Produzione Vegetale, Università degli studi di Milano c/o Parco Tecnologico Padano Via Einstein, 26900 Lodi, Italy
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Ozawa SI, Nield J, Terao A, Stauber EJ, Hippler M, Koike H, Rochaix JD, Takahashi Y. Biochemical and structural studies of the large Ycf4-photosystem I assembly complex of the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. THE PLANT CELL 2009; 21:2424-42. [PMID: 19700633 PMCID: PMC2751955 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.108.063313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2008] [Revised: 07/20/2009] [Accepted: 08/07/2009] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Ycf4 is a thylakoid protein essential for the accumulation of photosystem I (PSI) in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Here, a tandem affinity purification tagged Ycf4 was used to purify a stable Ycf4-containing complex of >1500 kD. This complex also contained the opsin-related COP2 and the PSI subunits PsaA, PsaB, PsaC, PsaD, PsaE, and PsaF, as identified by mass spectrometry (liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry) and immunoblotting. Almost all Ycf4 and COP2 in wild-type cells copurified by sucrose gradient ultracentrifugation and subsequent ion exchange column chromatography, indicating the intimate and exclusive association of Ycf4 and COP2. Electron microscopy revealed that the largest structures in the purified preparation measure 285 x 185 A; these particles may represent several large oligomeric states. Pulse-chase protein labeling revealed that the PSI polypeptides associated with the Ycf4-containing complex are newly synthesized and partially assembled as a pigment-containing subcomplex. These results indicate that the Ycf4 complex may act as a scaffold for PSI assembly. A decrease in COP2 to 10% of wild-type levels by RNA interference increased the salt sensitivity of the Ycf4 complex stability but did not affect the accumulation of PSI, suggesting that COP2 is not essential for PSI assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Ichiro Ozawa
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
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Kargul J, Barber J. Photosynthetic acclimation: Structural reorganisation of light harvesting antenna - role of redox-dependent phosphorylation of major and minor chlorophyll a/b binding proteins. FEBS J 2008; 275:1056-68. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2008.06262.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Amunts A, Nelson N. Functional organization of a plant Photosystem I: evolution of a highly efficient photochemical machine. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2008; 46:228-37. [PMID: 18272382 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2007.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2007] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Despite its enormous complexity, a plant Photosystem I (PSI) is arguably the most efficient nano-photochemical machine in Nature. It emerged as a homodimeric structure containing several chlorophyll molecules over 3.5 billion years ago, and has perfected its photoelectric properties ever since. The recently determined structure of plant PSI, which is at the top of the evolutionary tree of this kind of complexes, provided the first relatively high-resolution structural model of the supercomplex containing a reaction center (RC) and a peripheral antenna (LHCI) complexes. The RC is highly homologous to that of the cyanobacterial PSI and maintains the position of most transmembrane helices and chlorophylls during 1.5 years of separate evolution. The LHCI is composed of four nuclear gene products (Lhca1-Lhca4) that are unique among the chlorophyll a/b binding proteins in their pronounced long-wavelength absorbance and their assembly into dimers. In this respect, we describe structural elements, which establish the biological significance of a plant PSI and discuss structural variance from the cyanobacterial version. The present comprehensive structural analysis summarizes our current state of knowledge, providing the first glimpse at the architecture of this highly efficient photochemical machine at the atomic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Amunts
- Biochemistry Department, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, The Daniella Rich Institute for Structural Biology, Tel Aviv University, Sherman Building, Room 531, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.
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Zolla L, Rinalducci S, Timperio AM. Proteomic analysis of photosystem I components from different plant species. Proteomics 2007; 7:1866-76. [PMID: 17464937 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200500053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the photosystem I (PSI) highly hydrophobic proteins present within stroma lamellae of the thylakoid membrane were separated by RP-HPLC and identified either by in-solution trypsin digestion peptide fragment fingerprinting or by the close correspondence between the intact mass measurements (IMMs) and those expected from the DNA sequence. Protein identification performed by MS/MS was as reliable as IMMs. Thus, IMM is an easy and valid method for identifying proteins that have no PTMs. This paper reports the M(r) for all PSI proteins in ten different species, including those whose genes have not yet been cloned. Lhca5 was revealed unequivocally in four species, corroborating that it is indeed a protein belonging to the light-harvesting antenna of PSI. In all species examined, the product of the Lhca6 gene has never been revealed. Concerning core proteins, Psa-O has been revealed in three species; isoforms of Psa-D and Psa-E have been found in both monocots and dicots. Small proteins like Psa-I and Psa-J are well separated and identified. RP-HPLC produces reliable fingerprints and reveals that the relative amounts of PSI proteins appear to be markedly different.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lello Zolla
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy.
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van der Weij-de Wit CD, Ihalainen JA, van Grondelle R, Dekker JP. Excitation energy transfer in native and unstacked thylakoid membranes studied by low temperature and ultrafast fluorescence spectroscopy. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2007; 93:173-82. [PMID: 17390231 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-007-9157-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2006] [Accepted: 03/02/2007] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the transfer of excitation energy was studied in native and cation-depletion induced, unstacked thylakoid membranes of spinach by steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy. Fluorescence emission spectra at 5 K show an increase in photosystem I (PSI) emission upon unstacking, which suggests an increase of its antenna size. Fluorescence excitation measurements at 77 K indicate that the increase of PSI emission upon unstacking is caused both by a direct spillover from the photosystem II (PSII) core antenna and by a functional association of light-harvesting complex II (LHCII) to PSI, which is most likely caused by the formation of LHCII-LHCI-PSI supercomplexes. Time-resolved fluorescence measurements, both at room temperature and at 77 K, reveal differences in the fluorescence decay kinetics of stacked and unstacked membranes. Energy transfer between LHCII and PSI is observed to take place within 25 ps at room temperature and within 38 ps at 77 K, consistent with the formation of LHCII-LHCI-PSI supercomplexes. At the 150-160 ps timescale, both energy transfer from LHCII to PSI as well as spillover from the core antenna of PSII to PSI is shown to occur at 77 K. At room temperature the spillover and energy transfer to PSI is less clear at the 150 ps timescale, because these processes compete with charge separation in the PSII reaction center, which also takes place at a timescale of about 150 ps.
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Affiliation(s)
- C D van der Weij-de Wit
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Section Biophysics, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1081, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, The Netherlands.
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Amunts A, Drory O, Nelson N. The structure of a plant photosystem I supercomplex at 3.4 A resolution. Nature 2007; 447:58-63. [PMID: 17476261 DOI: 10.1038/nature05687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 334] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2006] [Accepted: 02/19/2007] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
All higher organisms on Earth receive energy directly or indirectly from oxygenic photosynthesis performed by plants, green algae and cyanobacteria. Photosystem I (PSI) is a supercomplex of a reaction centre and light-harvesting complexes. It generates the most negative redox potential in nature, and thus largely determines the global amount of enthalpy in living systems. We report the structure of plant PSI at 3.4 A resolution, revealing 17 protein subunits. PsaN was identified in the luminal side of the supercomplex, and most of the amino acids in the reaction centre were traced. The crystal structure of PSI provides a picture at near atomic detail of 11 out of 12 protein subunits of the reaction centre. At this level, 168 chlorophylls (65 assigned with orientations for Q(x) and Q(y) transition dipole moments), 2 phylloquinones, 3 Fe(4)S(4) clusters and 5 carotenoids are described. This structural information extends the understanding of the most efficient nano-photochemical machine in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Amunts
- Department of Biochemistry, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, The Daniella Rich Institute for Structural Biology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
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Jensen PE, Bassi R, Boekema EJ, Dekker JP, Jansson S, Leister D, Robinson C, Scheller HV. Structure, function and regulation of plant photosystem I. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2007; 1767:335-52. [PMID: 17442259 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2007.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2007] [Revised: 03/03/2007] [Accepted: 03/06/2007] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Photosystem I (PSI) is a multisubunit protein complex located in the thylakoid membranes of green plants and algae, where it initiates one of the first steps of solar energy conversion by light-driven electron transport. In this review, we discuss recent progress on several topics related to the functioning of the PSI complex, like the protein composition of the complex in the plant Arabidopsis thaliana, the function of these subunits and the mechanism by which nuclear-encoded subunits can be inserted into or transported through the thylakoid membrane. Furthermore, the structure of the native PSI complex in several oxygenic photosynthetic organisms and the role of the chlorophylls and carotenoids in the antenna complexes in light harvesting and photoprotection are reviewed. The special role of the 'red' chlorophylls (chlorophyll molecules that absorb at longer wavelength than the primary electron donor P700) is assessed. The physiology and mechanism of the association of the major light-harvesting complex of photosystem II (LHCII) with PSI during short term adaptation to changes in light quality and quantity is discussed in functional and structural terms. The mechanism of excitation energy transfer between the chlorophylls and the mechanism of primary charge separation is outlined and discussed. Finally, a number of regulatory processes like acclimatory responses and retrograde signalling is reviewed with respect to function of the thylakoid membrane. We finish this review by shortly discussing the perspectives for future research on PSI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poul Erik Jensen
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Life Science, University of Copenhagen, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
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50
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Schöttler MA, Flügel C, Thiele W, Stegemann S, Bock R. The plastome-encoded PsaJ subunit is required for efficient Photosystem I excitation, but not for plastocyanin oxidation in tobacco. Biochem J 2007; 403:251-60. [PMID: 17209805 PMCID: PMC1874242 DOI: 10.1042/bj20061573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2006] [Revised: 12/19/2006] [Accepted: 01/09/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The functions of several small subunits of the large photosynthetic multiprotein complex PSI (Photosystem I) are not yet understood. To elucidate the function of the small plastome-encoded PsaJ subunit, we have produced knockout mutants by chloroplast transformation in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum). PsaJ binds two chlorophyll-a molecules and is localized at the periphery of PSI, close to both the Lhca2- and Lhca3-docking sites and the plastocyanin-binding site. Tobacco psaJ-knockout lines do not display a visible phenotype. Despite a 25% reduction in the content of redox-active PSI, neither growth rate nor assimilation capacity are altered in the mutants. In vivo, redox equilibration of plastocyanin and PSI is as efficient as in the wild-type, indicating that PsaJ is not required for fast plastocyanin oxidation. However, PsaJ is involved in PSI excitation: altered 77 K chlorophyll-a fluorescence emission spectra and reduced accumulation of Lhca3 indicate that antenna binding and exciton transfer to the PSI reaction centre are impaired in DeltapsaJ mutants. Under limiting light intensities, growth of DeltapsaJ plants is retarded and the electron-transport chain is far more reduced than in the wild-type, indicating that PSI excitation might limit electron flux at sub-saturating light intensities. In addition to defining in vivo functions of PsaJ, our data may also have implications for the interpretation of the crystal structure of PSI.
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Key Words
- lhca
- photosynthesis
- photosystem i
- psaj
- plastocyanin
- chl, chlorophyll
- cyt, cytochrome
- cyt-bf, cytochrome-b6f complex
- ddm, β-dodecylmaltoside
- ep, electron pair
- hp, high-potential form
- lhc, light-harvesting complex
- lp, low-potential form
- p700, chl-a dimer of the photosystem i reaction centre
- pc, plastocyanin
- pq, plastoquinone
- ps, photosystem
- rflp, restriction fragment length polymorphism
- rmop, regeneration medium of plants
- rnai, rna interference
- tmpd, tetramethyl-1,4-phenylenediamine
- wt, wild-type
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Schöttler
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
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