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Zhang J, Hu X, Geng Y, Xiang L, Wu Y, Li Y, Yang L, Zhou K. Exploring the role of parthanatos in CNS injury: Molecular insights and therapeutic approaches. J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00174-7. [PMID: 38704090 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Central nervous system (CNS) injury causes severe organ damage due to both damage resulting from the injury and subsequent cell death. However, there are currently no effective treatments for countering the irreversible loss of cell function. Parthanatos is a poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1)-dependent form of programmed cell death that is partly responsible for neural cell death. Consequently, the mechanism by which parthanatos promotes CNS injury has attracted significant scientific interest. AIM OF REVIEW Our review aims to summarize the potential role of parthanatos in CNS injury and its molecular and pathophysiological mechanisms. Understanding the role of parthanatos and related molecules in CNS injury is crucial for developing effective treatment strategies and identifying important directions for future in-depth research. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW Parthanatos (from Thanatos, the personification of death according to Greek mythology) is a type of programmed cell death that is initiated by the overactivation of PARP-1. This process triggers a cascade of reactions, including the accumulation of poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR), the nuclear translocation of apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) after its release from mitochondria, and subsequent massive DNA fragmentation caused by migration inhibitory factor (MIF) forming a complex with AIF. Secondary molecular mechanisms, such as excitotoxicity and oxidative stress-induced overactivation of PARP-1, significantly exacerbate neuronal damage following initial mechanical injury to the CNS. Furthermore, parthanatos is not only associated with neuronal damage but also interacts with various other types of cell death. This review focuses on the latest research concerning the parthanatos cell death pathway, particularly considering its regulatory mechanisms and functions in CNS damage. We highlight the associations between parthanatos and different cell types involved in CNS damage and discuss potential therapeutic agents targeting the parthanatos pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiacheng Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Xinli Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Yibo Geng
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Linyi Xiang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Yuzhe Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Yao Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou 325027, China.
| | - Liangliang Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China.
| | - Kailiang Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou 325027, China.
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Ma QW, Han RT, Wu ZJ, Zhou JJ, Chen MT, Zhang XZ, Ma WZ, Feng N. Melatonin derivative 6a as a PARP-1 inhibitor for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1363212. [PMID: 38476326 PMCID: PMC10927953 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1363212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Both continuous oxidative stress and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1) activation occur in neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease. PARP-1 inhibition can reverse mitochondrial damage and has a neuroprotective effect. In a previous study, we synthesized melatonin derivative 6a (MD6a) and reported that it has excellent antioxidant activity and significantly reduces α-synuclein aggregation in Caenorhabditis elegans; however, the underlying mechanism is largely unknown. In the present study, we revealed that MD6a is a potential PARP-1 inhibitor, leading to mammalian targe of rapamycin/heat shock factor 1 signaling downregulation and reducing heat shock protein 4 and 6 expression, thus helping to maintain protein homeostasis and improve mitochondrial function. Together, these findings suggest that MD6a might be a viable candidate for the prevention and treatment of Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Wei Ma
- School of Pharmacy and Food Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China
| | - Rui-Ting Han
- School of Pharmacy and Food Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China
| | - Zi-Jie Wu
- School of Pharmacy and Food Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China
| | - Jun-Jie Zhou
- School of Pharmacy and Food Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China
| | - Meng-Ting Chen
- School of Pharmacy and Food Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China
| | - Xiang-Zhi Zhang
- School of Pharmacy and Food Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China
| | - Wen-Zhe Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, China
| | - Na Feng
- School of Pharmacy and Food Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China
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Herrmann GK, Yin YW. The Role of Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase 1 in Nuclear and Mitochondrial Base Excision Repair. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1195. [PMID: 37627260 PMCID: PMC10452840 DOI: 10.3390/biom13081195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR) Polymerase 1 (PARP-1), also known as ADP-ribosyl transferase with diphtheria toxin homology 1 (ARTD-1), is a critical player in DNA damage repair, during which it catalyzes the ADP ribosylation of self and target enzymes. While the nuclear localization of PARP-1 has been well established, recent studies also suggest its mitochondrial localization. In this review, we summarize the differences between mitochondrial and nuclear Base Excision Repair (BER) pathways, the involvement of PARP-1 in mitochondrial and nuclear BER, and its functional interplay with other BER enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey K. Herrmann
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA;
- Sealy Center for Structural Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Y. Whitney Yin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA;
- Sealy Center for Structural Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
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Li S, Deng J, Sun D, Chen S, Yao X, Wang N, Zhang J, Gu Q, Zhang S, Wang J, Zhu S, Zhu H, Li H, Xu X, Wei F. FBXW7 alleviates hyperglycemia-induced endothelial oxidative stress injury via ROS and PARP inhibition. Redox Biol 2022; 58:102530. [PMID: 36427396 PMCID: PMC9692029 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) and other diabetic vascular complications are the leading cause of death and disability in patients with suboptimum glycemic control. In the pathogenesis of diabetic vascular diseases, hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress, DNA damage, and poly-ADP-ribose-polymerase (PARP) hyperactivation play important roles in endothelial cell impairment. Adipose differentiation-related protein FBXW7 was reported to regulate PGC-1α stability and mitochondrial homeostasis. Here, we investigated the role and mechanism of FBXW7 in repairing endothelial oxidative stress injuries under hyperglycemic conditions. FBXW7 promoted the hampered activity of homologous recombination and non-homologues end joining pathway for repairing DNA double-strand breaks damage, an initiating factor for PARP hyperactivation and diabetic vascular complications. The abundant mobilization of DNA damage repair mediated by FBXW7 suppressed PARP activation, leading to downregulation of PARP expression and activity in both human endothelial cells and diabetic rat retinas. This provided a new method for PARP inhibition, superior to PARP inhibitors for treating diabetic vascular complication. Furthermore, FBXW7 rescued downregulated NAD+ levels and ameliorated mitochondrial dysfunction, thereby reducing superoxide production under hyperglycemic conditions. These effects reversed oxidative injury and vascular leakage in diabetic rat retina, providing a potential future treatment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenping Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China; Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Junjie Deng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Dandan Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China; Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Shimei Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China; Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Xieyi Yao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China; National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai, 200080, China; Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China; National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai, 200080, China; Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Qing Gu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China; National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai, 200080, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Shuchang Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China; Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Shaopin Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Hong Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai, 200080, China; Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Huiming Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Xun Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China; National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai, 200080, China; Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai, 200080, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai, 200080, China; Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai, 200080, China.
| | - Fang Wei
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China; National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai, 200080, China; Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai, 200080, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai, 200080, China; Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai, 200080, China.
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Davis Sanders O, Rajagopal L, Chase Barton C, Archa Rajagopal J, Lopez O, Lopez K, Malik F. Does oxidative DNA damage trigger histotoxic hypoxia via PARP1/AMP-driven mitochondrial ADP depletion-induced ATP synthase inhibition in Alzheimer's disease? Mitochondrion 2022; 67:59-64. [PMID: 36367519 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2022.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The low cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen despite the relatively preserved perfusion in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients' medial temporal lobes suggest histotoxic hypoxia due to mitochondrial dysfunction that is independent of, but could precede, insulin resistance. Neuropathological, metabolomic, and preclinical evidence are consistent with the notion that this mitochondrial dysfunction may be contributed to by oxidative stress and DNA damage, leading to poly-(ADP-ribose)-polymerase-1 (PARP1) activation and consequent AMP accumulation, clogging of mitochondrial adenine nucleotide transporters (ANTs), matrix ADP deprivation, and ATP synthase inhibition. Complementary mechanisms may include mitochondrial-protein poly-ADP-ribosylation and mitochondrial-biogenesis suppression via PARPs outcompeting Sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) for nicotinamide-adenine-dinucleotide (NAD+).
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Affiliation(s)
- Owen Davis Sanders
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, 42(nd) and Emile St., Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
| | - Lekshmy Rajagopal
- Seven Hills Hospital, Marol Maroshi Rd, Shivaji Nagar JJC, Marol, Andheri East, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400059, India
| | - Chandler Chase Barton
- Oregon Health and Sciences University, 3181 S.W. Sam Jackson Park Rd. Portland, Oregon 97239-3098, USA
| | | | - Olga Lopez
- Florida International University, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, 11200 SW 8th St, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Kalei Lopez
- Florida International University, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, 11200 SW 8th St, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Fayeza Malik
- Florida International University, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, 11200 SW 8th St, Miami, FL 33199, USA
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Lv B, Yang X, An T, Wu Y, He Z, Li B, Wang Y, Tan F, Wang T, Zhu J, Hu Y, Liu X, Jiang G. Combined analysis of whole-exome sequencing and RNA sequencing in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with thirst and fatigue. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2022; 14:111. [PMID: 35941691 PMCID: PMC9358875 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-022-00884-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The principal objective of this study was to gain a better understanding of the mechanisms of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with fatigue (D-T2DM) through exome and transcriptome sequencing. METHODS After whole-exome sequencing on peripheral blood of 6 D-T2DM patients, the consensus mutations were screen out and analyzed by a series of bioinformatics analyses. Then, we combined whole-exome sequencing and transcriptome sequencing results to find the important genes that changed at both the DNA and RNA levels. RESULTS The results showed that a total of 265,393 mutation sites were found in D-T2DM patients compared with normal individuals, 235 of which were consensus mutations shared with D-T2DM patients. These genes significantly enriched in HIF-1 signaling pathway and sphingolipid signaling pathway. At the RNA level, a total of 375 genes were identified to be differentially expressed. After the DNA-RNA joint analysis, eight genes were screened that changed at both DNA and RNA levels. Among these genes, FUS and LMNA were related to carbohydrate metabolism, energy metabolism, and mitochondrial function. Subsequently, we predicted the herbs, including Qin Pi and Hei Zhi Ma, that might play a therapeutic role in D-T2DM through the SymMap database. CONCLUSION These findings have significant implications for understanding the mechanisms of D-T2DM and provide potential targets for D-T2DM diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bohan Lv
- Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuyan Yang
- Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Tian An
- Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yanxiang Wu
- Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongchen He
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing He Ping li Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Bowu Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing He Ping li Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yijiao Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing He Ping li Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Tan
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing He Ping li Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Tingye Wang
- Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jiajian Zhu
- Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Hu
- Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaokun Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Gongren Hospital of Tangshan City, Tangshan, China
| | - Guangjian Jiang
- Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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Lin SY, Syu JP, Lo YT, Chau YP, Don MJ, Shy HT, Lai SM, Kung HN. Mitochondrial activity is the key to the protective effect of β-Lapachone, a NAD + booster, in healthy cells against cisplatin cytotoxicity. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 101:154094. [PMID: 35447421 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cisplatin (CDDP) is a first-line chemotherapeutic drug for treating various cancers. However, CDDP also damages normal cells and causes many side effects. Recently, CDDP has been demonstrated to kill cancer cells by targeting mitochondria. Protecting mitochondria might be a potential therapeutic strategy for CDDP-induced side effects. β-Lapachone (β-lap), a recognized NAD+ booster, has been reported to regulate mitochondrial activity. However, it remains unclear whether maintaining mitochondrial activity is the key factor in the protective effects of β-lap in CDDP-treated normal cells. PURPOSE In this study, the protective effects of β-lap on mitochondria against CDDP cytotoxicity in normal cells were evaluated. STUDY DESIGN In vitro cell models were used in this study, including 3T3 fibroblasts, human dermal fibroblasts, MCF-7 breast cancer cells, and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. METHODS Cells were treated with CDDP and β-lap, and cell survival, NAD+, mitochondrial activity, autophagy, and ATP production were measured. Various inhibitors and siRNAs were used to confirm the key signal underlying the protective effects of β-lap. RESULTS The results demonstrated that β-lap significantly decreased CDDP cytotoxicity in normal fibroblasts. With various inhibitors and siRNAs, β-lap reduced CDDP-induced damage to normal fibroblasts by maintaining mitochondrial activity and increasing autophagy through the NQO1/NAD+/SIRT1 axis. Most importantly, the protective effects of β-lap in fibroblasts did not affect the therapeutic effects of CDDP in cancer cells. This study indicated that mitochondrial activity, energy production, and NQO1 levels might be crucial responses separating normal cells from cancer cells under exposure to CDDP and β-lap. CONCLUSION β-lap could be a good synergistic drug for reducing the side effects of CDDP without affecting the anticancer drug effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Yi Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jhih-Pu Syu
- Graduate Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, 1-1 Jen-Ai Road, Taipei 10051, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Lo
- Graduate Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, 1-1 Jen-Ai Road, Taipei 10051, Taiwan
| | - Yat-Pang Chau
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Jaw Don
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Horng-Tzer Shy
- Graduate Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, 1-1 Jen-Ai Road, Taipei 10051, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Mei Lai
- Graduate Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, 1-1 Jen-Ai Road, Taipei 10051, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Ni Kung
- Graduate Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, 1-1 Jen-Ai Road, Taipei 10051, Taiwan.
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Sanders OD, Rajagopal L, Rajagopal JA. The oxidatively damaged DNA and amyloid-β oligomer hypothesis of Alzheimer's disease. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 179:403-412. [PMID: 34506904 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The amyloid-β (Aβ) oligomer hypothesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) still dominates the field, yet the clinical trial evidence does not robustly support it. A falsifiable prediction of the hypothesis is that Aβ oligomer levels should be elevated in the brain regions and at the disease stages where and when neuron death and synaptic protein loss begin and are the most severe, but we review previous evidence to demonstrate that this is not consistently the case. To rescue the Aβ oligomer hypothesis from falsification, we propose the novel ad-hoc hypothesis that the exceptionally vulnerable hippocampus may normally produce Aβ peptides even in healthily aging individuals, and hippocampal oxidatively damaged DNA, pathogen DNA, and metal ions such as zinc may initiate and drive Aβ peptide aggregation into oligomers and spreading, neuron death, synaptic dysfunction, and other aspects of AD neurodegeneration. We highlight additional evidence consistent with the underwhelming efficacy of Aβ oligomer-lowering agents, such as aducanumab, and of antioxidants, such as vitamin E, versus the so far isolated case report that DNase-I treatment for 2 months resulted in a severe AD patient's Mini-Mental State Exam score increasing from 3 to 18, reversing his diagnosis to moderate AD, according to the Mini-Mental State Exam.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lekshmy Rajagopal
- Seven Hills Hospital, Marol Maroshi Rd, Shivaji Nagar JJC, Marol, Andheri East, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400059, India
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Cyclin-dependent kinases-based synthetic lethality: Evidence, concept, and strategy. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:2738-2748. [PMID: 34589394 PMCID: PMC8463275 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Synthetic lethality is a proven effective antitumor strategy that has attracted great attention. Large-scale screening has revealed many synthetic lethal genetic phenotypes, and relevant small-molecule drugs have also been implemented in clinical practice. Increasing evidence suggests that CDKs, constituting a kinase family predominantly involved in cell cycle control, are synthetic lethal factors when combined with certain oncogenes, such as MYC, TP53, and RAS, which facilitate numerous antitumor treatment options based on CDK-related synthetic lethality. In this review, we focus on the synthetic lethal phenotype and mechanism related to CDKs and summarize the preclinical and clinical discoveries of CDK inhibitors to explore the prospect of CDK inhibitors as antitumor compounds for strategic synthesis lethality in the future.
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10
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Liu S, Luo W, Wang Y. Emerging role of PARP-1 and PARthanatos in ischemic stroke. J Neurochem 2021; 160:74-87. [PMID: 34241907 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Cell death is a key feature of neurological diseases, including stroke and neurodegenerative disorders. Studies in a variety of ischemic/hypoxic mouse models demonstrate that poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1)-dependent cell death, also named PARthanatos, plays a pivotal role in ischemic neuronal cell death and disease progress. PARthanatos has its unique triggers, processors, and executors that convey a highly orchestrated and programmed signaling cascade. In addition to its role in gene transcription, DNA damage repair, and energy homeostasis through PARylation of its various targets, PARP-1 activation in neuron and glia attributes to brain damage following ischemia/reperfusion. Pharmacological inhibition or genetic deletion of PARP-1 reduces infarct volume, eliminates inflammation, and improves recovery of neurological functions in stroke. Here, we reviewed the role of PARP-1 and PARthanatos in stroke and their therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuiqiao Liu
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Weibo Luo
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Yingfei Wang
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
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11
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Ghanem A, Melzer AM, Zaal E, Neises L, Baltissen D, Matar O, Glennemeier-Marke H, Almouhanna F, Theobald J, Abu El Maaty MA, Berkers C, Wölfl S. Ascorbate kills breast cancer cells by rewiring metabolism via redox imbalance and energy crisis. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 163:196-209. [PMID: 33359260 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The idea to use megadoses of ascorbate (vitamin C) for cancer treatment has recently been revived. Despite clear efficacy in animal experimentation, our understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms of this treatment is still limited and suggests a combined oxidative and metabolic mechanism behind the selective cytotoxicity of ascorbate towards cancerous cells. To gain more insight into the cellular effects of high doses of ascorbate, we performed a detailed analysis of metabolic changes and cell survival of both luminal and basal-like breast cancer cells treated with ascorbate and revealed a distinctive metabolic shift virtually reversing the Warburg effect and triggering a severe disruption of redox homeostasis. High doses of ascorbate were cytotoxic against MCF7 and MDA-MB231 cells representing luminal and basal-like breast cancer phenotypes. Cell death was dependent on ascorbate-induced oxidative stress and accumulation of ROS, DNA damage, and depletion of essential intracellular co-factors including NAD+/NADH, associated with a multifaceted metabolic rewiring. This included a sharp disruption of glycolysis at the triose phosphate level, a rapid drop in ATP levels, and redirection of metabolites toward lipid droplet accumulation and increased metabolites and enzymatic activity in the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP). High doses of ascorbate also inhibited the TCA cycle and increased oxygen consumption. Together the severe disruptions of the intracellular metabolic homeostasis on multiple levels "redox crisis and energetic catastrophe" consequently trigger a rapid irreversible cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Ghanem
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology IPMB, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Anna Maria Melzer
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology IPMB, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Esther Zaal
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Laura Neises
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology IPMB, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Danny Baltissen
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology IPMB, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Omar Matar
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology IPMB, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | | | - Fadi Almouhanna
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology IPMB, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Jannick Theobald
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology IPMB, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | | | - Celia Berkers
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, the Netherlands; Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Stefan Wölfl
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology IPMB, Heidelberg University, Germany.
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12
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Köritzer J, Blenn C, Bürkle A, Beneke S. Mitochondria are devoid of poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase-1, but harbor its product oligo(ADP-ribose). J Cell Biochem 2021; 122:507-523. [PMID: 33417272 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
There are conflicting data about localization of poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase-1 and its product poly(ADP-ribose) in mitochondria. To finally clarify the discussion, we investigated with biochemical and cell biological methods the potential presence of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 in these organelles. Our data show that endogenous and overexpressed poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase 1 is only localized to the nucleus with a clear exclusion of cytosolic compartments. In addition, highly purified mitochondria devoid of nuclear contaminations do not contain poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase-1. Although no poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase-1 enzyme is detectable in mitochondria, a shorter variant of its product poly(ADP-ribose) is present, associated specifically with a small subset of mitochondrial proteins as revealed by immunoprecipitation and protein fingerprint analysis. These proteins are located at key-points of the Krebs-cycle, are chaperones involved in mitochondrial functionality and quality-control, and are RNA-binding proteins important for transcript stability, respectively. Of note, despite the fact that especially poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase-1 is its own major target for modification, we could not detect this enzyme by mass spectrometry in these organelles. These data suggests a new way of targeted nuclear-mitochondrial signaling, mediated by nuclear poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation dependent on poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Köritzer
- Molecular Toxicology Group, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Christian Blenn
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich/Vetsuisse, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Bürkle
- Molecular Toxicology Group, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Sascha Beneke
- Molecular Toxicology Group, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany.,Human and Environmental Toxicology Group, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
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13
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Signaling interplay between PARP1 and ROS regulates stress-induced cell death and developmental changes in Dictyostelium discoideum. Exp Cell Res 2020; 397:112364. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2020.112364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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14
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Ali MA, Abu Damir H, Ali OM, Amir N, Tariq S, Greenwood MP, Lin P, Gillard B, Murphy D, Adem A. The effect of long-term dehydration and subsequent rehydration on markers of inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis in the camel kidney. BMC Vet Res 2020; 16:458. [PMID: 33228660 PMCID: PMC7686779 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-02628-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dehydration has deleterious effects in many species, but camels tolerate long periods of water deprivation without serious health compromise. The kidney plays crucial role in water conservation, however, some reports point to elevated kidney function tests in dehydrated camels. In this work, we investigated the effects of dehydration and rehydration on kidney cortex and medulla with respect to pro-inflammatory markers, oxidative stress and apoptosis along with corresponding gene expression. Results The cytokines IL-1β and IL-18 levels were significantly elevated in the kidney cortex of dehydrated camel, possibly expressed by tubular epithelium, podocytes and/or mesangial cells. Elevation of IL-18 persisted after rehydration. Dehydration induced oxidative stress in kidney cortex evident by significant increases in MDA and GSH, but significant decreases in SOD and CAT. In the medulla, CAT decreased significantly, but MDA, GSH and SOD levels were not affected. Rehydration abolished the oxidative stress. In parallel with the increased levels of MDA, we observed increased levels of PTGS1 mRNA, in MDA synthesis pathway. GCLC mRNA expression level, involved in GSH synthesis, was upregulated in kidney cortex by rehydration. However, both SOD1 and SOD3 mRNA levels dropped, in parallel with SOD activity, in the cortex by dehydration. There were significant increases in caspases 3 and 9, p53 and PARP1, indicating apoptosis was triggered by intrinsic pathway. Expression of BCL2l1 mRNA levels, encoding for BCL-xL, was down regulated by dehydration in cortex. CASP3 expression level increased significantly in medulla by dehydration and continued after rehydration whereas TP53 expression increased in cortex by rehydration. Changes in caspase 8 and TNF-α were negligible to instigate extrinsic apoptotic trail. Generally, apoptotic markers were extremely variable after rehydration indicating that animals did not fully recover within three days. Conclusions Dehydration causes oxidative stress in kidney cortex and apoptosis in cortex and medulla. Kidney cortex and medulla were not homogeneous in all parameters investigated indicating different response to dehydration/rehydration. Some changes in tested parameters directly correlate with alteration in steady-state mRNA levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud A Ali
- Department of Pharmacology, CollegeofMedicine&HealthSciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al- Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hassan Abu Damir
- Department of Pharmacology, CollegeofMedicine&HealthSciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al- Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Osman M Ali
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Naheed Amir
- Department of Pharmacology, CollegeofMedicine&HealthSciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al- Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Saeed Tariq
- Department of Anatomy, CollegeofMedicine&HealthSciences, Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Michael P Greenwood
- Molecular Neuroendocrinology Research Group, Bristol Medical School, Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, Bristol, BS13NY, UK
| | - Panjiao Lin
- Molecular Neuroendocrinology Research Group, Bristol Medical School, Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, Bristol, BS13NY, UK
| | - Benjamin Gillard
- Molecular Neuroendocrinology Research Group, Bristol Medical School, Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, Bristol, BS13NY, UK
| | - David Murphy
- Molecular Neuroendocrinology Research Group, Bristol Medical School, Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, Bristol, BS13NY, UK.
| | - Abdu Adem
- Department of Pharmacology, CollegeofMedicine&HealthSciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al- Ain, United Arab Emirates. .,Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, P.O.Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
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15
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Role of ABT888, a Novel Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase (PARP) Inhibitor in Countering Autophagy and Apoptotic Processes Associated to Spinal Cord Injury. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57:4394-4407. [PMID: 32729104 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02033-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Accidents are the cause of some 50 deaths per 100,000 population each year; some 3% of these are from traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI), a damage that causes temporary or permanent motor deficits, often leading to permanent neurological alterations. The activation of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) as DNA damage response, together with autophagy and apoptosis processes contributes to the secondary injury processes seen after SCI. Thus, in the present study, a mouse compression model of SCI was used to determine whether the treatment with ABT888, as PARP-1/2 inhibitor, could restore the neuronal damage induced by SCI. Mice were orally administered with ABT888 (at a dose of 25 mg/kg) 1 h and 6 h after SCI induction. Histological analysis, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, and Basso Mouse scale (BMS) were performed. The expression of autophagy-related proteins and apoptosis-inducing factors was quantified in the cytosolic fraction from spinal cord tissue collected after 24 h after SCI. TUNEL assay was performed in SCI-tissues 24 h after damage. ABT888 treatment significantly reduced histological damage and neutrophilic infiltration, improving motor skills. PARP-1/2 inhibition by ABT888 slowed cell death, decreasing autophagy-activation proteins. These results showed that ABT888, inhibiting PARP-1/2 activity, through a reduction in the apoptosis-autophagy machinery, plays a protective role after SCI, suggesting a new insight into the potential application of ABT888 as novel candidate in SCI therapies.
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16
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Pellegrino-Coppola D. Regulation of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore and its effects on aging. MICROBIAL CELL (GRAZ, AUSTRIA) 2020; 7:222-233. [PMID: 32904375 PMCID: PMC7453641 DOI: 10.15698/mic2020.09.728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Aging is an evolutionarily conserved process and is tightly connected to mitochondria. To uncover the aging molecular mechanisms related to mitochondria, different organisms have been extensively used as model systems. Among these, the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been reported multiple times as a model of choice when studying cellular aging. In particular, yeast provides a quick and trustworthy system to identify shared aging genes and pathway patterns. In this viewpoint on aging and mitochondria, I will focus on the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP), which has been reported and proposed as a main player in cellular aging. I will make several parallelisms with yeast to highlight how this unicellular organism can be used as a guidance system to understand conserved cellular and molecular events in multicellular organisms such as humans. Overall, a thread connecting the preservation of mitochondrial functionality with the activity of the mPTP emerges in the regulation of cell survival and cell death, which in turn could potentially affect aging and aging-related diseases.
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17
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Sahaboglu A, Miranda M, Canjuga D, Avci-Adali M, Savytska N, Secer E, Feria-Pliego JA, Kayık G, Durdagi S. Drug repurposing studies of PARP inhibitors as a new therapy for inherited retinal degeneration. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:2199-2216. [PMID: 31451894 PMCID: PMC11104953 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03283-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The enzyme poly-ADP-ribose-polymerase (PARP) has important roles for many forms of DNA repair and it also participates in transcription, chromatin remodeling and cell death signaling. Currently, some PARP inhibitors are approved for cancer therapy, by means of canceling DNA repair processes and cell division. Drug repurposing is a new and attractive aspect of therapy development that could offer low-cost and accelerated establishment of new treatment options. Excessive PARP activity is also involved in neurodegenerative diseases including the currently untreatable and blinding retinitis pigmentosa group of inherited retinal photoreceptor degenerations. Hence, repurposing of known PARP inhibitors for patients with non-oncological diseases might provide a facilitated route for a novel retinitis pigmentosa therapy. Here, we demonstrate and compare the efficacy of two different PARP inhibitors, BMN-673 and 3-aminobenzamide, by using a well-established retinitis pigmentosa model, the rd1 mouse. Moreover, the mechanistic aspects of the PARP inhibitor-induced protection were also investigated in the present study. Our results showed that rd1 rod photoreceptor cell death was decreased by about 25-40% together with the application of these two PARP inhibitors. The wealth of human clinical data available for BMN-673 highlights a strong potential for a rapid clinical translation into novel retinitis pigmentosa treatments. Remarkably, we have found that the efficacy of 3 aminobenzamide was able to decrease PARylation at the nanomolar level. Our data also provide a link between PARP activity with the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and the major intracellular antioxidant concentrations behind the PARP-dependent retinal degeneration. In addition, molecular modeling studies were integrated with experimental studies for better understanding of the role of PARP1 inhibitors in retinal degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayse Sahaboglu
- Division of Experimental Ophthalmology, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Maria Miranda
- Departamento Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU Universities, Valencia, Spain
| | - Denis Canjuga
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Meltem Avci-Adali
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Natalia Savytska
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Enver Secer
- Department of Medical Genetics, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | | | - Gülru Kayık
- Computational Biology and Molecular Simulations Laboratory, Department of Biophysics, School of Medicine, Bahcesehir University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Serdar Durdagi
- Computational Biology and Molecular Simulations Laboratory, Department of Biophysics, School of Medicine, Bahcesehir University, Istanbul, Turkey.
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18
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Yu A, Zhou R, Xia B, Dang W, Yang Z, Chen X. NAMPT maintains mitochondria content via NRF2-PPARα/AMPKα pathway to promote cell survival under oxidative stress. Cell Signal 2019; 66:109496. [PMID: 31816398 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2019.109496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria plays a key role in regulating cell death process under stress conditions and it has been indicated that NAMPT overexpression promotes cell survival under genotoxic stress by maintaining mitochondrial NAD+ level. NAMPT is a rate-limiting enzyme for NAD+ production in mammalian cells and it was suggested that NAMPT and NMNAT3 are responsible for mitochondrial NAD+ production to maintain mitochondrial NAD+ pool. However, subsequent studies suggested mitochondrial may lack the NAMPT-NMANT3 pathway to maintain NAD+ level. Therefore, how NAMPT overexpression rescues mitochondrial NAD+ content to promote cell survival in response to genotoxic stress remains elusive. Here, we show that NAMPT promotes cell survival under oxidative stress via both SIRT1 dependent p53-CD38 pathway and SIRT1 independent NRF2-PPARα/AMPKα pathway, and the NRF2-PPARα/AMPKα pathway plays a more profound role in facilitating cell survival than the SIRT1-p53-CD38 pathway does. Mitochondrial content and membrane potential were significantly reduced in response to H2O2 treatment, whereas activated NRF2-PPARα/AMPKα pathway by NAMPT overexpression rescued the mitochondrial membrane potential and content, suggesting that maintained mitochondrial content and integrity by NAMPT overexpression might be one of the key mechanisms to maintain mitochondrial NAD+ level and subsequently dictate cell survival under oxidative stress. Our results indicated that NRF2 is a novel down-stream target of NAMPT, which mediates anti-apoptosis function of NAMPT via maintaining mitochondrial content and membrane potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- An Yu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China; Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ronghua Zhou
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Benzeng Xia
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Weiwei Dang
- Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Zaiqing Yang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China.
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19
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Song SB, Park JS, Chung GJ, Lee IH, Hwang ES. Diverse therapeutic efficacies and more diverse mechanisms of nicotinamide. Metabolomics 2019; 15:137. [PMID: 31587111 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-019-1604-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nicotinamide (NAM) is a form of vitamin B3 that, when administered at near-gram doses, has been shown or suggested to be therapeutically effective against many diseases and conditions. The target conditions are incredibly diverse ranging from skin disorders such as bullous pemphigoid to schizophrenia and depression and even AIDS. Similar diversity is expected for the underlying mechanisms. In a large portion of the conditions, NAM conversion to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) may be a major factor in its efficacy. The augmentation of cellular NAD+ level not only modulates mitochondrial production of ATP and superoxide, but also activates many enzymes. Activated sirtuin proteins, a family of NAD+-dependent deacetylases, play important roles in many of NAM's effects such as an increase in mitochondrial quality and cell viability countering neuronal damages and metabolic diseases. Meanwhile, certain observed effects are mediated by NAM itself. However, our understanding on the mechanisms of NAM's effects is limited to those involving certain key proteins and may even be inaccurate in some proposed cases. AIM OF REVIEW This review details the conditions that NAM has been shown to or is expected to effectively treat in humans and animals and evaluates the proposed underlying molecular mechanisms, with the intention of promoting wider, safe therapeutic application of NAM. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW NAM, by itself or through altering metabolic balance of NAD+ and tryptophan, modulates mitochondrial function and activities of many molecules and thereby positively affects cell viability and metabolic functions. And, NAM administration appears to be quite safe with limited possibility of side effects which are related to NAM's metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon Beom Song
- Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoulsiripdae-ro 163, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Sung Park
- Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoulsiripdae-ro 163, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gu June Chung
- Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoulsiripdae-ro 163, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - In Hye Lee
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Ewhayeodae-gil 52, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Seong Hwang
- Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoulsiripdae-ro 163, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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20
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Cao S, Sun Y, Wang W, Wang B, Zhang Q, Pan C, Yuan Q, Xu F, Wei S, Chen Y. Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibition protects against myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion injury via suppressing mitophagy. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:6897-6906. [PMID: 31379115 PMCID: PMC6787458 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury attenuates the beneficial effects of reperfusion therapy. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) is overactivated during myocardial I/R injury. Mitophagy plays a critical role in the development of myocardial I/R injury. However, the effect of PARP activation on mitophagy in cardiomyocytes is unknown. In this study, we found that I/R induced PARP activation and mitophagy in mouse hearts. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibition reduced the infarct size and suppressed mitophagy after myocardial I/R injury. In vitro, hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) activated PARP, promoted mitophagy and induced cell apoptosis in cardiomyocytes. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibition suppressed H/R-induced mitophagy and cell apoptosis. Parkin knockdown with lentivirus vectors inhibited mitophagy and prevented cell apoptosis in H/R-treated cells. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibition prevented the loss of the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm). Cyclosporin A maintained ΔΨm and suppressed mitophagy but FCCP reduced the effect of PARP inhibition on ΔΨm and promoted mitophagy, indicating the critical role of ΔΨm in H/R-induced mitophagy. Furthermore, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and poly(ADP-ribosylation) of CypD and TSPO might contribute to the regulation of ΔΨm by PARP. Our findings thus suggest that PARP inhibition protects against I/R-induced cell apoptosis by suppressing excessive mitophagy via the ΔΨm/Parkin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengchuan Cao
- Department of Emergency and Chest Pain CenterQilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinanChina
- Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong UniversityQilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinanChina
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary‐Cerebral Resuscitation Research of Shandong ProvinceQilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinanChina
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular MedicineQilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Yiying Sun
- Department of Emergency and Chest Pain CenterQilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinanChina
- Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong UniversityQilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinanChina
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary‐Cerebral Resuscitation Research of Shandong ProvinceQilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinanChina
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular MedicineQilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Wenjun Wang
- Department of Emergency and Chest Pain CenterQilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinanChina
- Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong UniversityQilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinanChina
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary‐Cerebral Resuscitation Research of Shandong ProvinceQilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinanChina
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular MedicineQilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Bailu Wang
- Clinical Trial CenterQilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Qun Zhang
- Department of Emergency and Chest Pain CenterQilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinanChina
- Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong UniversityQilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinanChina
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary‐Cerebral Resuscitation Research of Shandong ProvinceQilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinanChina
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular MedicineQilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Chang Pan
- Department of Emergency and Chest Pain CenterQilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinanChina
- Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong UniversityQilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinanChina
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary‐Cerebral Resuscitation Research of Shandong ProvinceQilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinanChina
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular MedicineQilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Qiuhuan Yuan
- Department of Emergency and Chest Pain CenterQilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinanChina
- Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong UniversityQilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinanChina
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary‐Cerebral Resuscitation Research of Shandong ProvinceQilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinanChina
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular MedicineQilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Feng Xu
- Department of Emergency and Chest Pain CenterQilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinanChina
- Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong UniversityQilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinanChina
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary‐Cerebral Resuscitation Research of Shandong ProvinceQilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinanChina
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular MedicineQilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Shujian Wei
- Department of Emergency and Chest Pain CenterQilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinanChina
- Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong UniversityQilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinanChina
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary‐Cerebral Resuscitation Research of Shandong ProvinceQilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinanChina
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular MedicineQilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Yuguo Chen
- Department of Emergency and Chest Pain CenterQilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinanChina
- Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong UniversityQilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinanChina
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary‐Cerebral Resuscitation Research of Shandong ProvinceQilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinanChina
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular MedicineQilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinanChina
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21
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Guarino M, Dufour JF. Nicotinamide and NAFLD: Is There Nothing New Under the Sun? Metabolites 2019; 9:E180. [PMID: 31510030 PMCID: PMC6780119 DOI: 10.3390/metabo9090180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) has a critical role in cellular metabolism and energy homeostasis. Its importance has been established early with the discovery of NAD's therapeutic role for pellagra. This review addresses some of the recent findings on NAD physiopathology and their effects on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) pathogenesis, which need to be considered in the search for a better therapeutic approach. Reduced NAD concentrations contribute to the dysmetabolic imbalance and consequently to the pathogenesis of NAFLD. In this perspective, the dietary supplementation or the pharmacological modulation of NAD levels appear to be an attractive strategy. These reviewed studies open the doors to growing interest in NAD metabolism for NAFLD diagnosis, prevention, and treatment. Future rigorous clinical studies in humans will be necessary to validate these preliminary but promising results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Guarino
- Hepatology, Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland.
- Gastroenterology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Jean-François Dufour
- Hepatology, Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland.
- University Clinic of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland.
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22
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Hopp AK, Grüter P, Hottiger MO. Regulation of Glucose Metabolism by NAD + and ADP-Ribosylation. Cells 2019; 8:cells8080890. [PMID: 31412683 PMCID: PMC6721828 DOI: 10.3390/cells8080890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells constantly adapt their metabolic pathways to meet their energy needs and respond to nutrient availability. During the last two decades, it has become increasingly clear that NAD+, a coenzyme in redox reactions, also mediates several ubiquitous cell signaling processes. Protein ADP-ribosylation is a post-translational modification that uses NAD+ as a substrate and is best known as part of the genotoxic stress response. However, there is increasing evidence that NAD+-dependent ADP-ribosylation regulates other cellular processes, including metabolic pathways. In this review, we will describe the compartmentalized regulation of NAD+ biosynthesis, consumption, and regeneration with a particular focus on the role of ADP-ribosylation in the regulation of glucose metabolism in different cellular compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Katrin Hopp
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease (DMMD), University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Molecular Life Science Ph.D. Program, Life Science Zurich Graduate School, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Grüter
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease (DMMD), University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael O Hottiger
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease (DMMD), University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
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23
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Allocca M, Corrigan JJ, Mazumder A, Fake KR, Samson LD. Inflammation, necrosis, and the kinase RIP3 are key mediators of AAG-dependent alkylation-induced retinal degeneration. Sci Signal 2019; 12:12/568/eaau9216. [PMID: 30755477 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aau9216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
DNA-alkylating agents are commonly used to kill cancer cells, but the base excision repair (BER) pathway they trigger can also produce toxic intermediates that cause tissue damage, such as retinal degeneration (RD). Apoptosis, a process of programmed cell death, is assumed to be the main mechanism of this alkylation-induced photoreceptor (PR) cell death in RD. Here, we studied the involvement of necroptosis (another programmed cell death process) and inflammation in alkylation-induced RD. Male mice exposed to a methylating agent exhibited a reduced number of PR cell rows, active gliosis, and cytokine induction and macrophage infiltration in the retina. Dying PRs exhibited a necrotic morphology, increased 8-hydroxyguanosine abundance (an oxidative damage marker), and overexpression of the necroptosis-associated genes Rip1 and Rip3 The activity of PARP1, which mediates BER, cell death, and inflammation, was increased in PR cells and associated with the release of proinflammatory chemokine HMGB1 from PR nuclei. Mice lacking the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 exhibited more severe RD, whereas deficiency of RIP3 (also known as RIPK3) conferred partial protection. Female mice were partially protected from alkylation-induced RD, showing reduced necroptosis and inflammation compared to males. PRs in mice lacking the BER-initiating DNA glycosylase AAG did not exhibit alkylation-induced necroptosis or inflammation. Our findings show that AAG-initiated BER at alkylated DNA bases induces sex-dependent RD primarily by triggering necroptosis and activating an inflammatory response that amplifies the original damage and, furthermore, reveal new potential targets to prevent this side effect of chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariacarmela Allocca
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Joshua J Corrigan
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Aprotim Mazumder
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Kimberly R Fake
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Leona D Samson
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. .,Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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24
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Nicotinamide Mononucleotide: Exploration of Diverse Therapeutic Applications of a Potential Molecule. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9010034. [PMID: 30669679 PMCID: PMC6359187 DOI: 10.3390/biom9010034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) is a nucleotide that is most recognized for its role as an intermediate of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) biosynthesis. Although the biosynthetic pathway of NMN varies between eukaryote and prokaryote, two pathways are mainly followed in case of eukaryotic human-one is through the salvage pathway using nicotinamide while the other follows phosphorylation of nicotinamide riboside. Due to the unavailability of a suitable transporter, NMN enters inside the mammalian cell in the form of nicotinamide riboside followed by its subsequent conversion to NMN and NAD+. This particular molecule has demonstrated several beneficial pharmacological activities in preclinical studies, which suggest its potential therapeutic use. Mostly mediated by its involvement in NAD+ biosynthesis, the pharmacological activities of NMN include its role in cellular biochemical functions, cardioprotection, diabetes, Alzheimer's disease, and complications associated with obesity. The recent groundbreaking discovery of anti-ageing activities of this chemical moiety has added a valuable essence in the research involving this molecule. This review focuses on the biosynthesis of NMN in mammalian and prokaryotic cells and mechanism of absorption along with the reported pharmacological activities in murine model.
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25
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Hurtado-Bagès S, Guberovic I, Buschbeck M. The MacroH2A1.1 - PARP1 Axis at the Intersection Between Stress Response and Metabolism. Front Genet 2018; 9:417. [PMID: 30356649 PMCID: PMC6189284 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The exchange of replication-coupled canonical histones by histone variants endows chromatin with specific features. The replacement of the canonical H2A histone for the histone variant macroH2A is one of the most remarkable epigenetic modifications. The three vertebrate macroH2A proteins have a unique tripartite structure consisting of H2A-like domain, unstructured linker, and macrodomain. Macrodomains are ancient globular folds that are able to bind nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) derived metabolites. Here, we will briefly describe the physiological relevance of the metabolite binding in the context of chromatin. In particular, we will focus on the macroH2A1.1 isoform that binds ADP-ribose and poly-ADP-ribose polymerase 1 (PARP1) enzyme, a cellular stress sensor. We will discuss the impact of this interaction in the context of cancer, senescence, cell stress and energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Hurtado-Bagès
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, Campus ICO-Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Spain.,Ph.D. Program in Biomedicine, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Iva Guberovic
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, Campus ICO-Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Spain.,Ph.D. Program in Biomedicine, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marcus Buschbeck
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, Campus ICO-Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Spain.,Program for Predictive and Personalized Medicine of Cancer, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (PMPPC-IGTP), Badalona, Spain
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26
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Cseh AM, Fábián Z, Sümegi B, Scorrano L. Poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase as therapeutic target: lessons learned from its inhibitors. Oncotarget 2018; 8:50221-50239. [PMID: 28430591 PMCID: PMC5564845 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases are a family of DNA-dependent nuclear enzymes catalyzing the transfer of ADP-ribose moieties from cellular nicotinamide-adenine-dinucleotide to a variety of target proteins. Although they have been considered as resident nuclear elements of the DNA repair machinery, recent works revealed a more intricate physiologic role of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases with numerous extranuclear activities. Indeed, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases participate in fundamental cellular processes like chromatin remodelling, transcription or regulation of the cell-cycle. These new insight into the physiologic roles of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases widens the range of human pathologies in which pharmacologic inhibition of these enzymes might have a therapeutic potential. Here, we overview our current knowledge on extranuclear functions of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases with a particular focus on the mitochondrial ones and discuss potential fields of future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Mária Cseh
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pécs Medical School, Pécs, Hungary.,Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Zsolt Fábián
- Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Balázs Sümegi
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pécs Medical School, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Luca Scorrano
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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27
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Coyle JP, Rinaldi RJ, Johnson GT, Bourgeois MM, McCluskey JD, Harbison RD. Reduced oxygen tension culturing conditionally alters toxicogenic response of differentiated H9c2 cardiomyoblasts to acrolein. Toxicol Mech Methods 2018; 28:488-498. [PMID: 29564938 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2018.1455785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Acrolein is a reactive electrophilic aldehyde known to cause mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and dysregulation of signaling transduction in vitro. Most in vitro systems employ standard cell culture maintenance conditions of 95% air/5% CO2, translating to a culture oxygen tension of approximately 20%, far above most physiological tissues. The purpose of this investigation was to examine whether low-serum, retinoic acid differentiated H9c2 cells were less sensitive to acrolein insult when cultured under reduced oxygen tension. H9c2 cells were maintained separately in 20% and 5% oxygen, differentiated for 5 d, and then exposed to acrolein for 30 min in media containing varying concentrations of tricarboxylic acid and glycolytic substrates, followed by fresh medium replacement. Cells were then assessed for MTT reduction at 2 h and 24 h after acrolein insult. We showed that pyruvate supplementation in combination with lowered oxygen culturing significantly attenuated acrolein-induced viability loss at 24 h. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibition and EGTA preferentially provided partial rescue to low oxygen cultures, but not for standard cultures. Collectively, these results offer evidence supporting altered toxicogenic response of H9c2 during physiologically relevant oxygen tension culturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayme P Coyle
- a Department of Environmental and Occupational Heath , College of Public Health, University of South Florida , Tampa , FL , USA
| | - Robert J Rinaldi
- b Department of Integrative Biology , College of Arts and Sciences, University of South Florida , Tampa , FL , USA
| | - Giffe T Johnson
- a Department of Environmental and Occupational Heath , College of Public Health, University of South Florida , Tampa , FL , USA
| | - Marie M Bourgeois
- a Department of Environmental and Occupational Heath , College of Public Health, University of South Florida , Tampa , FL , USA
| | - James D McCluskey
- a Department of Environmental and Occupational Heath , College of Public Health, University of South Florida , Tampa , FL , USA
| | - Raymond D Harbison
- a Department of Environmental and Occupational Heath , College of Public Health, University of South Florida , Tampa , FL , USA
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28
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Buonvicino D, Mazzola F, Zamporlini F, Resta F, Ranieri G, Camaioni E, Muzzi M, Zecchi R, Pieraccini G, Dölle C, Calamante M, Bartolucci G, Ziegler M, Stecca B, Raffaelli N, Chiarugi A. Identification of the Nicotinamide Salvage Pathway as a New Toxification Route for Antimetabolites. Cell Chem Biol 2018; 25:471-482.e7. [PMID: 29478906 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2018.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Interest in the modulation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) metabolome is gaining great momentum because of its therapeutic potential in different human disorders. Suppression of nicotinamide salvage by nicotinamide phosphoribosyl transferase (NAMPT) inhibitors, however, gave inconclusive results in neoplastic patients because several metabolic routes circumvent the enzymatic block converging directly on nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyl transferases (NMNATs) for NAD synthesis. Unfortunately, NMNAT inhibitors have not been identified. Here, we report the identification of Vacor as a substrate metabolized by the consecutive action of NAMPT and NMNAT2 into the NAD analog Vacor adenine dinucleotide (VAD). This leads to inhibition of both enzymes, as well as NAD-dependent dehydrogenases, thereby causing unprecedented rapid NAD depletion, glycolytic block, energy failure, and necrotic death of NMNAT2-proficient cancer cells. Conversely, lack of NMNAT2 expression confers complete resistance to Vacor. Remarkably, Vacor prompts VAD formation and growth suppression in NMNAT2-positive neuroblastoma and melanoma xenografts. Our data show the first evidence of harnessing the entire nicotinamide salvage pathway for antimetabolic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Buonvicino
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Florence 50139, Italy
| | - Francesca Mazzola
- Department of Clinical Science, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona 60131, Italy
| | - Federica Zamporlini
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona 60131, Italy
| | - Francesco Resta
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence 50139, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ranieri
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Florence 50139, Italy
| | - Emidio Camaioni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia 06123, Italy
| | - Mirko Muzzi
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Florence 50139, Italy
| | - Riccardo Zecchi
- Mass Spectrometry Service Centre (CISM), University of Florence, Florence 50139, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Pieraccini
- Mass Spectrometry Service Centre (CISM), University of Florence, Florence 50139, Italy
| | - Christian Dölle
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway
| | - Massimo Calamante
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Florence 50019, Italy
| | - Gianluca Bartolucci
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence 50139, Italy
| | - Mathias Ziegler
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway
| | - Barbara Stecca
- Core Research Laboratory-Istituto Toscano Tumori, Department of Oncology, Careggi University Hospital, Florence 50139, Italy
| | - Nadia Raffaelli
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona 60131, Italy
| | - Alberto Chiarugi
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Florence 50139, Italy.
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29
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Martire S, Fuso A, Mosca L, Forte E, Correani V, Fontana M, Scarpa S, Maras B, d'Erme M. Bioenergetic Impairment in Animal and Cellular Models of Alzheimer's Disease: PARP-1 Inhibition Rescues Metabolic Dysfunctions. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 54:307-24. [PMID: 27567805 DOI: 10.3233/jad-151040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Amyloid-beta peptide accumulation in the brain is one of the main hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease. The amyloid aggregation process is associated with the generation of free radical species responsible for mitochondrial impairment and DNA damage that in turn activates poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase 1 (PARP-1). PARP-1 catalyzes the poly(ADP-ribosylation), a post-translational modification of proteins, cleaving the substrate NAD+ and transferring the ADP-ribose moieties to the enzyme itself or to an acceptor protein to form branched polymers of ADP-ribose. In this paper, we demonstrate that a mitochondrial dysfunction occurs in Alzheimer's transgenic mice TgCRND8, in SH-SY5Y treated with amyloid-beta and in 7PA2 cells. Moreover, PARP-1 activation contributes to the functional energetic decline affecting cytochrome oxidase IV protein levels, oxygen consumption rates, and membrane potential, resulting in cellular bioenergetic deficit. We also observed, for the first time, an increase of pyruvate kinase 2 expression, suggesting a modulation of the glycolytic pathway by PARP-1. PARP-1 inhibitors are able to restore both mitochondrial impairment and pyruvate kinase 2 expression. The overall data here presented indicate a pivotal role for this enzyme in the bioenergetic network of neuronal cells and open new perspectives for investigating molecular mechanisms underlying energy charge decline in Alzheimer's disease. In this scenario, PARP-1 inhibitors might represent a novel therapeutic intervention to rescue cellular energetic metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Martire
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University, Roma, Italy
| | - Andrea Fuso
- Department of Psychology, and European Center for Brain Research (CERC)/IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Sapienza University, Roma, Italy
| | - Luciana Mosca
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University, Roma, Italy
| | - Elena Forte
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University, Roma, Italy
| | - Virginia Correani
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University, Roma, Italy
| | - Mario Fontana
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University, Roma, Italy
| | - Sigfrido Scarpa
- Department of Surgery "P. Valdoni", Sapienza University, Roma, Italy
| | - Bruno Maras
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University, Roma, Italy
| | - Maria d'Erme
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University, Roma, Italy
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30
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Nday CM, Eleftheriadou D, Jackson G. Shared pathological pathways of Alzheimer's disease with specific comorbidities: current perspectives and interventions. J Neurochem 2018; 144:360-389. [PMID: 29164610 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) belongs to one of the most multifactorial, complex and heterogeneous morbidity-leading disorders. Despite the extensive research in the field, AD pathogenesis is still at some extend obscure. Mechanisms linking AD with certain comorbidities, namely diabetes mellitus, obesity and dyslipidemia, are increasingly gaining importance, mainly because of their potential role in promoting AD development and exacerbation. Their exact cognitive impairment trajectories, however, remain to be fully elucidated. The current review aims to offer a clear and comprehensive description of the state-of-the-art approaches focused on generating in-depth knowledge regarding the overlapping pathology of AD and its concomitant ailments. Thorough understanding of associated alterations on a number of molecular, metabolic and hormonal pathways, will contribute to the further development of novel and integrated theranostics, as well as targeted interventions that may be beneficial for individuals with age-related cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane M Nday
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Despoina Eleftheriadou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Graham Jackson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town, South Africa
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31
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Muzzi M, Gerace E, Buonvicino D, Coppi E, Resta F, Formentini L, Zecchi R, Tigli L, Guasti D, Ferri M, Camaioni E, Masi A, Pellegrini‐Giampietro DE, Mannaioni G, Bani D, Pugliese AM, Chiarugi A. Dexpramipexole improves bioenergetics and outcome in experimental stroke. Br J Pharmacol 2018; 175:272-283. [PMID: 28320070 PMCID: PMC5758384 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Dexpramipexole, a drug recently tested in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS,) is able to bind F1Fo ATP synthase and increase mitochondrial ATP production. Here, we have investigated its effects on experimental ischaemic brain injury. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The effects of dexpramipexole on bioenergetics, Ca2+ fluxes, electrophysiological functions and death were evaluated in primary neural cultures and hippocampal slices exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD). Effects on infarct volumes and neurological functions were also evaluated in mice following proximal or distal middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo). Distribution of dexpramipexole within the ischaemic brain was evaluated by means of mass spectrometry imaging. KEY RESULTS Dexpramipexole increased mitochondrial ATP production in cultured neurons or glia and reduces energy failure, prevents intracellular Ca2+ overload and affords cytoprotection when cultures are exposed to OGD. This compound also counteracted ATP depletion, mitochondrial swelling, anoxic depolarization, loss of synaptic activity and neuronal death in hippocampal slices subjected to OGD. Post-ischaemic treatment with dexpramipexole, at doses consistent with those already used in ALS patients, reduced brain infarct size and ameliorated neuroscore in mice subjected to transient or permanent MCAo. Notably, the concentrations of dexpramipexole reached within the ischaemic penumbra equalled those found neuroprotective in vitro. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Dexpramipexole, a compound able to increase mitochondrial F1Fo ATP-synthase activity reduced ischaemic brain injury. These findings, together with the excellent brain penetration and favourable safety profile in humans, make dexpramipexole a drug with realistic translational potential for the treatment of stroke. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Inventing New Therapies Without Reinventing the Wheel: The Power of Drug Repurposing. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v175.2/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirko Muzzi
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and OncologyUniversity of FlorenceFlorenceItaly
| | - Elisabetta Gerace
- Department NEUROFARBA, Division of Pharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity of FlorenceFlorenceItaly
| | - Daniela Buonvicino
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and OncologyUniversity of FlorenceFlorenceItaly
| | - Elisabetta Coppi
- Department NEUROFARBA, Division of Pharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity of FlorenceFlorenceItaly
| | - Francesco Resta
- Department NEUROFARBA, Division of Pharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity of FlorenceFlorenceItaly
| | - Laura Formentini
- Departamento de Biología MolecularCentro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas‐Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC‐UAM)MadridSpain
| | - Riccardo Zecchi
- Mass Spectrometry Service Centre (CISM)University of FlorenceFlorenceItaly
| | - Laura Tigli
- Mass Spectrometry Service Centre (CISM)University of FlorenceFlorenceItaly
| | - Daniele Guasti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Research Unit of Histology & EmbryologyUniversity of FlorenceFlorenceItaly
| | - Martina Ferri
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of PerugiaPerugiaItaly
| | - Emidio Camaioni
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of PerugiaPerugiaItaly
| | - Alessio Masi
- Department NEUROFARBA, Division of Pharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity of FlorenceFlorenceItaly
| | | | - Guido Mannaioni
- Department NEUROFARBA, Division of Pharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity of FlorenceFlorenceItaly
| | - Daniele Bani
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Research Unit of Histology & EmbryologyUniversity of FlorenceFlorenceItaly
| | - Anna M Pugliese
- Department NEUROFARBA, Division of Pharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity of FlorenceFlorenceItaly
| | - Alberto Chiarugi
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and OncologyUniversity of FlorenceFlorenceItaly
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32
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Czapski GA, Cieślik M, Wencel PL, Wójtowicz S, Strosznajder RP, Strosznajder JB. Inhibition of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 alters expression of mitochondria-related genes in PC12 cells: relevance to mitochondrial homeostasis in neurodegenerative disorders. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2017; 1865:281-288. [PMID: 29128369 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by the release of amyloid beta peptides (Aβ) in the form of monomers/oligomers which may lead to oxidative stress, mitochondria dysfunction, synaptic loss, neuroinflammation and, in consequence, to overactivation of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1). However, Aβ peptides are also released in the brain ischemia, traumatic injury and in inflammatory response. PARP-1 is suggested to be a promising target in therapy of neurodegenerative disorders. We investigated the impact of PARP-1 inhibition on transcription of mitochondria-related genes in PC12 cells. Moreover, the effect of PARP-1 inhibitor (PJ34) on cells subjected to Aβ oligomers (AβO) - evoked stress was analyzed. Our data demonstrated that inhibition of PARP-1 in PC12 cells enhanced the transcription of genes for antioxidative enzymes (Sod1, Gpx1, Gpx4), activated genes regulating mitochondrial fission/fusion (Mfn1, Mfn2, Dnm1l, Opa1, Fis1), subunits of ETC complexes (mt-Nd1, Sdha, mt-Cytb) and modulated expression of several TFs, enhanced Foxo1 and decreased Nrf1, Stat6, Nfkb1. AβO elevated free radicals concentration, decreased mitochondria membrane potential (MMP) and cell viability after 24h. Gene transcription was not affected by AβO after 24h, but was significantly downregulated after 96h. In AβO stress, PJ34 exerted stimulatory effect on expression of several genes (Gpx1, Gpx4, Opa1, Mfn2, Fis1 and Sdha), decreased transcription of numerous TFs (Nrf1, Tfam, Stat3, Stat6, Trp53, Nfkb1) and prevented oxidative stress. Our results indicated that PARP-1 inhibition significantly enhanced transcription of genes involved in antioxidative defense and in regulation of mitochondria function, but was not able to ameliorate cells viability affected by Aβ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz A Czapski
- Department of Cellular Signalling, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Cieślik
- Department of Cellular Signalling, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Przemysław L Wencel
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research and Environmental Agents, Department of Neurosurgery, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Sylwia Wójtowicz
- Department of Cellular Signalling, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Robert P Strosznajder
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research and Environmental Agents, Department of Neurosurgery, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Joanna B Strosznajder
- Department of Cellular Signalling, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland.
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Martín-Guerrero SM, Muñoz-Gámez JA, Carrasco MC, Salmerón J, Martín-Estebané M, Cuadros MA, Navascués J, Martín-Oliva D. Poly(ADP-ribose)polymerases inhibitors prevent early mitochondrial fragmentation and hepatocyte cell death induced by H2O2. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0187130. [PMID: 29073231 PMCID: PMC5658148 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribose)polymerases (PARPs) are a family of NAD+ consuming enzymes that play a crucial role in many cellular processes, most clearly in maintaining genome integrity. Here, we present an extensive analysis of the alteration of mitochondrial morphology and the relationship to PARPs activity after oxidative stress using an in vitro model of human hepatic cells. The following outcomes were observed: reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by oxidative treatment quickly stimulated PARPs activation, promoted changes in mitochondrial morphology associated with early mitochondrial fragmentation and energy dysfunction and finally triggered apoptotic cell death. Pharmacological treatment with specific PARP-1 (the major NAD+ consuming poly(ADP-ribose)polymerases) and PARP-1/PARP-2 inhibitors after the oxidant insult recovered normal mitochondrial morphology and, hence, increased the viability of human hepatic cells. As the PARP-1 and PARP-1/PARP-2 inhibitors achieved similar outcomes, we conclude that most of the PARPs effects were due to PARP-1 activation. NAD+ supplementation had similar effects to those of the PARPs inhibitors. Therefore, PARPs activation and the subsequent NAD+ depletion are crucial events in decreased cell survival (and increased apoptosis) in hepatic cells subjected to oxidative stress. These results suggest that the alterations in mitochondrial morphology and function seem to be related to NAD+ depletion, and show for the first time that PARPs inhibition abrogates mitochondrial fragmentation. In conclusion, the inhibition of PARPs may be a valuable therapeutic approach for treating liver diseases, by reducing the cell death associated with oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - José A. Muñoz-Gámez
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica (ibsGranada), Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, Granada, Spain
| | - María-Carmen Carrasco
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Javier Salmerón
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica (ibsGranada), Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, Granada, Spain
| | - María Martín-Estebané
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Miguel A. Cuadros
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Julio Navascués
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - David Martín-Oliva
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
- * E-mail:
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PARP inhibitors protect against sex- and AAG-dependent alkylation-induced neural degeneration. Oncotarget 2017; 8:68707-68720. [PMID: 28978150 PMCID: PMC5620290 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Alkylating agents are commonly used to treat cancer. Although base excision repair (BER) is a major pathway for repairing DNA alkylation damage, under certain conditions, the initiation of BER produces toxic repair intermediates that damage healthy tissues. The initiation of BER by the alkyladenine DNA glycosylase (AAG, a.k.a. MPG) can mediate alkylation-induced cytotoxicity in specific cells in the retina and cerebellum of male mice. Cytotoxicity in both wild-type and Aag-transgenic (AagTg) mice is abrogated in the absence of Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP1). Here, we tested whether PARP inhibitors can also prevent alkylation-induced retinal and cerebellar degeneration in male and female WT and AagTg mice. Importantly, we found that WT mice display sex-dependent alkylation-induced retinal damage (but not cerebellar damage), with WT males being more sensitive than females. Accordingly, estradiol treatment protects males against alkylation-induced retinal degeneration. In AagTg male and female mice, the alkylation-induced tissue damage in both the retina and cerebellum is exacerbated and the sex difference in the retina is abolished. PARP inhibitors, much like Parp1 gene deletion, protect against alkylation-induced AAG-dependent neuronal degeneration in WT and AagTg mice, regardless of the gender, but their efficacy in preventing alkylation-induced neuronal degeneration depends on PARP inhibitor characteristics and doses. The recent surge in the use of PARP inhibitors in combination with cancer chemotherapeutic alkylating agents might represent a powerful tool for obtaining increased therapeutic efficacy while avoiding the collateral effects of alkylating agents in healthy tissues.
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Jordan JJ, Chhim S, Margulies CM, Allocca M, Bronson RT, Klungland A, Samson LD, Fu D. ALKBH7 drives a tissue and sex-specific necrotic cell death response following alkylation-induced damage. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e2947. [PMID: 28726787 PMCID: PMC5550884 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Regulated necrosis has emerged as a major cell death mechanism in response to different forms of physiological and pharmacological stress. The AlkB homolog 7 (ALKBH7) protein is required for regulated cellular necrosis in response to chemotherapeutic alkylating agents but its role within a whole organism is unknown. Here, we show that ALKBH7 modulates alkylation-induced cellular death through a tissue and sex-specific mechanism. At the whole-animal level, we find that ALKBH7 deficiency confers increased resistance to MMS-induced toxicity in male but not female mice. Moreover, ALKBH7-deficient mice exhibit protection against alkylation-mediated cytotoxicity in retinal photoreceptor and cerebellar granule cells, two cell types that undergo necrotic death through the initiation of the base excision repair pathway and hyperactivation of the PARP1/ARTD1 enzyme. Notably, the protection against alkylation-induced cerebellar degeneration is specific to ALKBH7-deficient male but not female mice. Our results uncover an in vivo role for ALKBH7 in mediating a sexually dimorphic tissue response to alkylation damage that could influence individual responses to chemotherapies based upon alkylating agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer J Jordan
- Department of Biological Engineering, Biology, Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Sophea Chhim
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Carrie M Margulies
- Department of Biological Engineering, Biology, Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Mariacarmela Allocca
- Department of Biological Engineering, Biology, Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Arne Klungland
- Department of Molecular Microbiology A3.3021, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Leona D Samson
- Department of Biological Engineering, Biology, Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Dragony Fu
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
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JNK1 and JNK3 play a significant role in both neuronal apoptosis and necrosis. Evaluation based on in vitro approach using tert-butylhydroperoxide induced oxidative stress in neuro-2A cells and perturbation through 3-aminobenzamide. Toxicol In Vitro 2017; 41:168-178. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2017.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Revised: 02/05/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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de Freitas LM, Serafim RB, de Sousa JF, Moreira TF, Dos Santos CT, Baviera AM, Valente V, Soares CP, Fontana CR. Photodynamic therapy combined to cisplatin potentiates cell death responses of cervical cancer cells. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:123. [PMID: 28187758 PMCID: PMC5303234 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3075-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has proven to be a promising alternative to current cancer treatments, especially if combined with conventional approaches. The technique is based on the administration of a non-toxic photosensitizing agent to the patient with subsequent localized exposure to a light source of a specific wavelength, resulting in a cytotoxic response to oxidative damage. The present study intended to evaluate in vitro the type of induced death and the genotoxic and mutagenic effects of PDT alone and associated with cisplatin. METHODS We used the cell lines SiHa (ATCC® HTB35™), C-33 A (ATCC® HTB31™) and HaCaT cells, all available at Dr. Christiane Soares' Lab. Photosensitizers were Photogem (PGPDT) and methylene blue (MBPDT), alone or combined with cisplatin. Cell death was accessed through Hoechst and Propidium iodide staining and caspase-3 activity. Genotoxicity and mutagenicity were accessed via flow cytometry with anti-gama-H2AX and micronuclei assay, respectively. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA with Tukey's posthoc test. RESULTS Both MBPDT and PGPDT induced caspase-independent death, but MBPDT induced the morphology of typical necrosis, while PGPDT induced morphological alterations most similar to apoptosis. Cisplatin predominantly induced apoptosis, and the combined therapy induced variable rates of apoptosis- or necrosis-like phenotypes according to the cell line, but the percentage of dead cells was always higher than with monotherapies. MBPDT, either as monotherapy or in combination with cisplatin, was the unique therapy to induce significant damage to DNA (double strand breaks) in the three cell lines evaluated. However, there was no mutagenic potential observed for the damage induced by MBPDT, since the few cells that survived the treatment have lost their clonogenic capacity. CONCLUSIONS Our results elicit the potential of combined therapy in diminishing the toxicity of antineoplastic drugs. Ultimately, photodynamic therapy mediated by either methylene blue or Photogem as monotherapy or in combination with cisplatin has low mutagenic potential, which supports its safe use in clinical practice for the treatment of cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Marise de Freitas
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Araraquara- Rod Araraquara-Jau km 01 s/n, Araraquara, Sao Paulo, 14800-903, Brazil
| | - Rodolfo Bortolozo Serafim
- Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirao Preto, USP Univ de Sao Paulo, Avenida dos Bandeirantes 3900, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Juliana Ferreira de Sousa
- Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirao Preto, USP Univ de Sao Paulo, Avenida dos Bandeirantes 3900, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Thaís Fernanda Moreira
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Araraquara- Rod Araraquara-Jau km 01 s/n, Araraquara, Sao Paulo, 14800-903, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Tavares Dos Santos
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Araraquara- Rod Araraquara-Jau km 01 s/n, Araraquara, Sao Paulo, 14800-903, Brazil
| | - Amanda Martins Baviera
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Araraquara- Rod Araraquara-Jau km 01 s/n, Araraquara, Sao Paulo, 14800-903, Brazil
| | - Valeria Valente
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Araraquara- Rod Araraquara-Jau km 01 s/n, Araraquara, Sao Paulo, 14800-903, Brazil.,Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirao Preto, USP Univ de Sao Paulo, Avenida dos Bandeirantes 3900, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Christiane Pienna Soares
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Araraquara- Rod Araraquara-Jau km 01 s/n, Araraquara, Sao Paulo, 14800-903, Brazil
| | - Carla Raquel Fontana
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Araraquara- Rod Araraquara-Jau km 01 s/n, Araraquara, Sao Paulo, 14800-903, Brazil.
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Abstract
Cardiac arrhythmias can follow disruption of the normal cellular electrophysiological processes underlying excitable activity and their tissue propagation as coherent wavefronts from the primary sinoatrial node pacemaker, through the atria, conducting structures and ventricular myocardium. These physiological events are driven by interacting, voltage-dependent, processes of activation, inactivation, and recovery in the ion channels present in cardiomyocyte membranes. Generation and conduction of these events are further modulated by intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis, and metabolic and structural change. This review describes experimental studies on murine models for known clinical arrhythmic conditions in which these mechanisms were modified by genetic, physiological, or pharmacological manipulation. These exemplars yielded molecular, physiological, and structural phenotypes often directly translatable to their corresponding clinical conditions, which could be investigated at the molecular, cellular, tissue, organ, and whole animal levels. Arrhythmogenesis could be explored during normal pacing activity, regular stimulation, following imposed extra-stimuli, or during progressively incremented steady pacing frequencies. Arrhythmic substrate was identified with temporal and spatial functional heterogeneities predisposing to reentrant excitation phenomena. These could arise from abnormalities in cardiac pacing function, tissue electrical connectivity, and cellular excitation and recovery. Triggering events during or following recovery from action potential excitation could thereby lead to sustained arrhythmia. These surface membrane processes were modified by alterations in cellular Ca2+ homeostasis and energetics, as well as cellular and tissue structural change. Study of murine systems thus offers major insights into both our understanding of normal cardiac activity and its propagation, and their relationship to mechanisms generating clinical arrhythmias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher L-H Huang
- Physiological Laboratory and the Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Narne P, Pandey V, Simhadri PK, Phanithi PB. Poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase-1 hyperactivation in neurodegenerative diseases: The death knell tolls for neurons. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2016; 63:154-166. [PMID: 27867042 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2016.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegeneration is a salient feature of chronic refractory brain disorders like Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Huntington's, amyotropic lateral sclerosis and acute conditions like cerebral ischemia/reperfusion etc. The pathological protein aggregates, mitochondrial mutations or ischemic insults typifying these disease conditions collude with and intensify existing oxidative stress and attendant mitochondrial dysfunction. Interlocking these mechanisms is poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP-1) hyperactivation that invokes a distinct form of neuronal cell death viz., 'parthanatos'. PARP-1, a typical 'moonlighting protein' by virtue of its ability to poly(ADP-ribosyl)ate a plethora of cellular proteins exerts diverse functions that impinge significantly on cellular processes. In addition, its interactions with various nuclear proteins like transcription factors and chromatin modifiers elicit varied transcriptional outcomes that wield pathological cellular responses. Further, emerging leitmotifs like mitochondrial and nucleolar PARPs and the novel aspects of gene expression regulation by PARP-1 and poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation can provide a holistic view of PARP-1's influence on cell vitality. In this review, we discuss the pathological underpinnings of PARP-1, with a special emphasis on mitochondrial dysfunction and cell death subroutines, in the realm of neurodegeneration. This would provide a deeper insight into the functions of PARP-1 in neurodegenerative conditions that would enable the development of more effective therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parimala Narne
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Vimal Pandey
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Praveen Kumar Simhadri
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Prakash Babu Phanithi
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India.
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Stram AR, Payne RM. Post-translational modifications in mitochondria: protein signaling in the powerhouse. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:4063-73. [PMID: 27233499 PMCID: PMC5045789 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2280-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2016] [Revised: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
There is an intimate interplay between cellular metabolism and the pathophysiology of disease. Mitochondria are essential to maintaining and regulating metabolic function of cells and organs. Mitochondrial dysfunction is implicated in diverse diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes and metabolic syndrome, neurodegeneration, cancer, and aging. Multiple reversible post-translational protein modifications are located in the mitochondria that are responsive to nutrient availability and redox conditions, and which can act in protein-protein interactions to modify diverse mitochondrial functions. Included in this are physiologic redox signaling via reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, phosphorylation, O-GlcNAcylation, acetylation, and succinylation, among others. With the advent of mass proteomic screening techniques, there has been a vast increase in the array of known mitochondrial post-translational modifications and their protein targets. The functional significance of these processes in disease etiology, and the pathologic response to their disruption, are still under investigation. However, many of these reversible modifications act as regulatory mechanisms in mitochondria and show promise for mitochondrial-targeted therapeutic strategies. This review addresses the current knowledge of post-translational processing and signaling mechanisms in mitochondria, and their implications in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda R Stram
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1044 W. Walnut St., Room R4-302b, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - R Mark Payne
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
- Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1044 W. Walnut St., Room R4-302b, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
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Brunyanszki A, Szczesny B, Virág L, Szabo C. Mitochondrial poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase: The Wizard of Oz at work. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 100:257-270. [PMID: 26964508 PMCID: PMC5016203 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Revised: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Among multiple members of the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) family, PARP1 accounts for the majority of PARP activity in mammalian cells. Although PARP1 is predominantly localized to the nucleus, and its nuclear regulatory roles are most commonly studied and are the best characterized, several lines of data demonstrate that PARP1 is also present in the mitochondria, and suggest that mitochondrial PARP (mtPARP) plays an important role in the regulation of various cellular functions in health and disease. The goal of the current article is to review the experimental evidence for the mitochondrial localization of PARP1 and its intra-mitochondrial functions, with focus on cellular bioenergetics, mitochondrial DNA repair and mitochondrial dysfunction. In addition, we also propose a working model for the interaction of mitochondrial and nuclear PARP during oxidant-induced cell death. MtPARP is similar to the Wizard of Oz in the sense that it is enigmatic, it has been elusive for a long time and it remains difficult to be interrogated. mtPARP - at least in some cell types - works incessantly "behind the curtains" as an orchestrator of many important cellular functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attila Brunyanszki
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Bartosz Szczesny
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA; Shriners Hospital for Children, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - László Virág
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Csaba Szabo
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA; Shriners Hospital for Children, Galveston, TX, USA.
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Lucarini L, Durante M, Lanzi C, Pini A, Boccalini G, Calosi L, Moroni F, Masini E, Mannaioni G. HYDAMTIQ, a selective PARP-1 inhibitor, improves bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis by dampening the TGF-β/SMAD signalling pathway. J Cell Mol Med 2016; 21:324-335. [PMID: 27704718 PMCID: PMC5264150 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a severe disease characterized by excessive myofibroblast proliferation, extracellular matrix and fibrils deposition, remodelling of lung parenchyma and pulmonary insufficiency. Drugs able to reduce disease progression are available, but therapeutic results are unsatisfactory; new and safe treatments are urgently needed. Poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerases‐1 (PARP‐1) is an abundant nuclear enzyme involved in key biological processes: DNA repair, gene expression control, and cell survival or death. In liver and heart, PARP‐1 activity facilitates oxidative damage, collagen deposition and fibrosis development. In this study, we investigated the effects of HYDAMTIQ, a potent PARP‐1 inhibitor, in a murine model of lung fibrosis. We evaluated the role of PARP on transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) expression and TGF‐β/SMAD signalling pathway in lungs. Mice were intratracheally injected with bleomycin and then treated with either vehicle or different doses of HYDAMTIQ for 21 days. Airway resistance to inflation and lung static compliance, markers of lung stiffness, were assayed. Histochemical and biochemical parameters to evaluate TGF‐β/SMAD signalling pathway with alpha‐smooth muscle actin (αSMA) deposition and the levels of a number of inflammatory markers (tumour necrosis factor‐α, interleukin‐1β, iNOS and COX‐2) were performed. Bleomycin administration increased lung stiffness. It also increased lung PARP activity, TGF‐β levels, pSMAD3 expression, αSMA deposition and content of inflammatory markers. HYDAMTIQ attenuated all the above‐mentioned physiological, biochemical and histopathological markers. Our findings support the proposal that PARP inhibitors could have a therapeutic potential in reducing the progression of signs and symptoms of the disease by decreasing TGF‐β expression and the TGF‐β/SMAD transduction pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Lucarini
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry, Drug Area and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Mariaconcetta Durante
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry, Drug Area and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Cecilia Lanzi
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry, Drug Area and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Alessandro Pini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Anatomy and Histology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Giulia Boccalini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Anatomy and Histology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Laura Calosi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Anatomy and Histology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Flavio Moroni
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry, Drug Area and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Emanuela Masini
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry, Drug Area and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Guido Mannaioni
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry, Drug Area and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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Haynes B, Zhang Y, Liu F, Li J, Petit S, Kothayer H, Bao X, Westwell AD, Mao G, Shekhar MPV. Gold nanoparticle conjugated Rad6 inhibitor induces cell death in triple negative breast cancer cells by inducing mitochondrial dysfunction and PARP-1 hyperactivation: Synthesis and characterization. NANOMEDICINE : NANOTECHNOLOGY, BIOLOGY, AND MEDICINE 2016; 12:745-757. [PMID: 26563438 PMCID: PMC4809765 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2015.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Revised: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
We recently developed a small molecule inhibitor SMI#9 for Rad6, a protein overexpressed in aggressive breast cancers and involved in DNA damage tolerance. SMI#9 induces cytotoxicity in cancerous cells but spares normal breast cells; however, its therapeutic efficacy is limited by poor solubility. Here we chemically modified SMI#9 to enable its conjugation and hydrolysis from gold nanoparticle (GNP). SMI#9-GNP and parent SMI#9 activities were compared in mesenchymal and basal triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) subtype cells. Whereas SMI#9 is cytotoxic to all TNBC cells, SMI#9-GNP is endocytosed and cytotoxic only in mesenchymal TNBC cells. SMI#9-GNP endocytosis in basal TNBCs is compromised by aggregation. However, when combined with cisplatin, SMI#9-GNP is imported and synergistically increases cisplatin sensitivity. Like SMI#9, SMI#9-GNP spares normal breast cells. The released SMI#9 is active and induces cell death via mitochondrial dysfunction and PARP-1 stabilization/hyperactivation. This work signifies the development of a nanotechnology-based Rad6-targeting therapy for TNBCs. FROM THE CLINICAL EDITOR Protein Rad6 is overexpressed in breast cancer cells and its blockade may provide a new treatment against 3N breast cancer. The authors conjugated a small molecule inhibitor SMI#9 for Rad6 to gold nanoparticles in this study and showed that this new formulation specifically targeted chemo-resistant breast cancer cells and highlighted the importance of nanotechnology in drug carrier development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany Haynes
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, USA; Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Yanhua Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Wayne State University College of Engineering, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Fangchao Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Wayne State University College of Engineering, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Jing Li
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, USA; Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Sarah Petit
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, USA; Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Hend Kothayer
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Wales, UK; Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Egypt
| | - Xun Bao
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Andrew D Westwell
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Wales, UK
| | - Guangzhao Mao
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Wayne State University College of Engineering, Detroit, MI, USA.
| | - Malathy P V Shekhar
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, USA; Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA; Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.
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Halldórsson H, Thors B, Thorgeirsson G. Thrombin or Ca(++)-ionophore-mediated fall in endothelial ATP levels independent of poly(ADP-Ribose) polymerase activity and NAD levels--comparison with the effects of hydrogen peroxide. NUCLEOSIDES NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2015; 34:246-57. [PMID: 25774718 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2014.984072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
To test the hypothesis that a fall in cellular ATP following stimulation of endothelial cells with thrombin is secondary to a decrease in NAD levels caused by poly(ADP-Ribose)polymerase (PARP), we measured the levels of NAD and ATP in endothelial cells after treatment with thrombin, the Ca(++)-ionophore A23187, or hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and compared the effects of inhibitors of PARP, NAD synthesis, and ADP-ribose breakdown on these responses. Neither thrombin nor A23187 caused a reduction in endothelial NAD levels and A23187 affected ATP levels independently of NAD levels or PARP activity. H2O2 induced lowering of NAD caused modest lowering of ATP but marked additional ATP-lowering, independent of PARP and NAD, was also demonstrated. We conclude that in endothelial cells ATP levels are largely independent of NAD and PARP, which do not play a role in thrombin or Ca(++)-ionophore-mediated lowering of ATP. H2O2 caused ATP lowering through a similar mechanism as thrombin and A23187 but, additionally, caused a further ATP lowering through its intense stimulation of PARP and marked lowering of NAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haraldur Halldórsson
- a Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacology , University of Iceland , Laeknagardur , Reykjavik , Iceland
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Bai P, Nagy L, Fodor T, Liaudet L, Pacher P. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases as modulators of mitochondrial activity. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2015; 26:75-83. [PMID: 25497347 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2014.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Revised: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are essential in cellular stress responses. Mitochondrial output to environmental stress is a major factor in metabolic adaptation and is regulated by a complex network of energy and nutrient sensing proteins. Activation of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) has been known to impair mitochondrial function; however, our view of PARP-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction and injury has only recently fundamentally evolved. In this review, we examine our current understanding of PARP-elicited mitochondrial damage, PARP-mediated signal transduction pathways, transcription factors that interact with PARPs and govern mitochondrial biogenesis, as well as mitochondrial diseases that are mediated by PARPs. With PARP activation emerging as a common underlying mechanism in numerous pathologies, a better understanding the role of various PARPs in mitochondrial regulation may help open new therapeutic avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Bai
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary; MTA-DE Lendület Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism Research Group, Debrecen, Hungary; Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Lilla Nagy
- MTA-DE Lendület Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism Research Group, Debrecen, Hungary; Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tamás Fodor
- MTA-DE Lendület Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism Research Group, Debrecen, Hungary; Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Lucas Liaudet
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine and Burn Center, Lausanne University Hospital Medical Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pal Pacher
- Laboratory Physiological Studies, Section on Oxidative Stress and Tissue Injury, NIH/NIAAA/DICBR, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Szczesny B, Brunyanszki A, Olah G, Mitra S, Szabo C. Opposing roles of mitochondrial and nuclear PARP1 in the regulation of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA integrity: implications for the regulation of mitochondrial function. Nucleic Acids Res 2014; 42:13161-73. [PMID: 25378300 PMCID: PMC4245951 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gku1089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The positive role of PARP1 in regulation of various nuclear DNA transactions is well established. Although a mitochondrial localization of PARP1 has been suggested, its role in the maintenance of the mitochondrial DNA is currently unknown. Here we investigated the role of PARP1 in the repair of the mitochondrial DNA in the baseline and oxidative stress conditions. We used wild-type A549 cells or cells depleted of PARP1. Our data show that intra-mitochondrial PARP1 interacts with a key mitochondrial-specific DNA base excision repair (BER) enzymes, namely EXOG and DNA polymerase gamma (Polγ), which under oxidative stress become poly(ADP-ribose)lated (PARylated). Interaction between mitochondrial BER enzymes was significantly affected in the presence of PARP1. Moreover, the repair of the oxidative-induced damage to the mitochondrial DNA in PARP1-depleted cells was found to be more robust compared to control counterpart. In addition, mitochondrial biogenesis was enhanced in PARP1-depleted cells, including mitochondrial DNA copy number and mitochondrial membrane potential. This observation was further confirmed by analysis of lung tissue isolated from WT and PARP1 KO mice. In summary, we conclude that mitochondrial PARP1, in opposite to nuclear PARP1, exerts a negative effect on several mitochondrial-specific transactions including the repair of the mitochondrial DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Szczesny
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Attila Brunyanszki
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Gabor Olah
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Sankar Mitra
- Radiation Oncology and Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Csaba Szabo
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
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Permeability transition pore-dependent and PARP-mediated depletion of neuronal pyridine nucleotides during anoxia and glucose deprivation. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2014; 47:53-61. [PMID: 25341378 DOI: 10.1007/s10863-014-9588-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Exposure of rat cortical neurons to combined oxygen and glucose deprivation results in loss of NAD(P)H autofluorescence that is only partially reversible following restoration of oxygen and glucose, suggesting catabolism of pyridine nucleotides. This study tested the hypothesis that metabolic inhibition caused by cyanide-induced chemical anoxia plus glucose deprivation promotes both release of mitochondrial NAD(H) in response to opening of the permeability transition pore (PTP) and NAD(P)(H) degradation through activation of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). The NAD(P)H autofluorescence of rat neonatal cortical neurons was monitored during and following acute (10-30 min) exposure to the respiratory inhibitor, cyanide, in the absence and presence of glucose. Because nitric oxide-derived peroxynitrite is a known activator of PARP, we additionally assessed the effect of a nitric oxide generating agent on the NAD(P)H autofluorescence response to chemical anoxia plus glucose deprivation. Cyanide induced a rapid increase in autofluorescence, followed by a steady decline promoted by the presence of nitric oxide. This decline was primarily due to NAD(H) catabolism, as verified by measurements of total NAD(H) present in cellular extracts. Catabolism was partially blocked by an inhibitor of PARP, by a PTP inhibitor, and by either glucose or pyruvate as a source of reducing power. Overall, data suggest that metabolic, oxidative, and nitrosative stress during in vitro neuronal anoxia and glucose deprivation result in release of mitochondrial pyridine nucleotides in response to PTP opening and rapid, extensive NAD(H) degradation mediated by PARP activation. These events may contribute to the metabolic dysfunction that occurs in vivo during cerebral ischemia and reperfusion and therefore represent prime targets for neuroprotection.
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Fu L, Doreswamy V, Prakash R. The biochemical pathways of central nervous system neural degeneration in niacin deficiency. Neural Regen Res 2014; 9:1509-13. [PMID: 25317166 PMCID: PMC4192966 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.139475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural degeneration is a very complicated process. In spite of all the advancements in the molecular chemistry, there are many unknown aspects of the phenomena of neurodegeneration which need to be put together. It is a common sequela of the conditions of niacin deficiency. Neural degeneration in Pellagra manifests as chromatolysis mainly in pyramidal followed by other neurons and glial cells. However, there is a gross lack of understanding of biochemical mechanisms of neurodegeneration in niacin deficiency states. Because of the necessity of niacin or its amide derivative NAD in a number of biochemical pathways, it is understandable that several of these pathways may be involved in the common outcome of neural degeneration. Here, we highlight five pathways that could be involved in the neuraldegeneration for which evidence has accumulated through several studies. These pathways are: 1) the tryptophan-kyneurenic acid pathway, 2) the mitochondrial ATP generation related pathways, 3) the poly (ADP-ibose) polymerase (PARP) pathway, 4) the BDNF-TRKB Axis abnormalities, 5) the genetic influences of niacin deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linshan Fu
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First People's Hospital of Yancheng, Yancheng, Jiangsu Province, China
| | | | - Ravi Prakash
- Department of Physiology, M.S. Ramaiah Medical College, Bangalore, India
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Fouquerel E, Sobol RW. ARTD1 (PARP1) activation and NAD(+) in DNA repair and cell death. DNA Repair (Amst) 2014; 23:27-32. [PMID: 25283336 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2014.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, NAD(+), is a small metabolite coenzyme that is essential for the progress of crucial cellular pathways including glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) and mitochondrial respiration. These processes consume and produce both oxidative and reduced forms of NAD (NAD(+) and NADH). NAD(+) is also important for ADP(ribosyl)ation reactions mediated by the ADP-ribosyltransferase enzymes (ARTDs) or deacetylation reactions catalyzed by the sirtuins (SIRTs) which use NAD(+) as a substrate. In this review, we highlight the significance of NAD(+) catabolism in DNA repair and cell death through its utilization by ARTDs and SIRTs. We summarize the current findings on the involvement of ARTD1 activity in DNA repair and most specifically its involvement in the trigger of cell death mediated by ARTD1 activation and energy depletion. By sharing the same substrate, the activities of ARTDs and SIRTs are tightly linked, are dependent on each other and are thereby involved in the same cellular processes that play an important role in cancer biology, inflammatory diseases and ischaemia/reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Fouquerel
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Robert W Sobol
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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50
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Wang G, He Q, Feng C, Liu Y, Deng Z, Qi X, Wu W, Mei P, Chen Z. The atomic resolution structure of human AlkB homolog 7 (ALKBH7), a key protein for programmed necrosis and fat metabolism. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:27924-36. [PMID: 25122757 PMCID: PMC4183825 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.590505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Revised: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
ALKBH7 is the mitochondrial AlkB family member that is required for alkylation- and oxidation-induced programmed necrosis. In contrast to the protective role of other AlkB family members after suffering alkylation-induced DNA damage, ALKBH7 triggers the collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential and promotes cell death. Moreover, genetic ablation of mouse Alkbh7 dramatically increases body weight and fat mass. Here, we present crystal structures of human ALKBH7 in complex with Mn(II) and α-ketoglutarate at 1.35 Å or N-oxalylglycine at 2.0 Å resolution. ALKBH7 possesses the conserved double-stranded β-helix fold that coordinates a catalytically active iron by a conserved HX(D/E) … Xn … H motif. Self-hydroxylation of Leu-110 was observed, indicating that ALKBH7 has the potential to catalyze hydroxylation of its substrate. Unlike other AlkB family members whose substrates are DNA or RNA, ALKBH7 is devoid of the "nucleotide recognition lid" which is essential for binding nucleobases, and thus exhibits a solvent-exposed active site; two loops between β-strands β6 and β7 and between β9 and β10 create a special outer wall of the minor β-sheet of the double-stranded β-helix and form a negatively charged groove. These distinct features suggest that ALKBH7 may act on protein substrate rather than nucleic acids. Taken together, our findings provide a structural basis for understanding the distinct function of ALKBH7 in the AlkB family and offer a foundation for drug design in treating cell death-related diseases and metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqiang Wang
- From the State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193 and
| | - Qingzhong He
- the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Chong Feng
- From the State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193 and
| | - Yang Liu
- From the State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193 and
| | - Zengqin Deng
- From the State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193 and
| | - Xiaoxuan Qi
- From the State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193 and
| | - Wei Wu
- From the State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193 and
| | - Pinchao Mei
- the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Zhongzhou Chen
- From the State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193 and
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