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Szychowski KA, Skóra B. Involvement of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) in the mechanism of action of elastin-derived peptide (VGVAPG) and its impact on neurosteroidogenesis. Neurochem Int 2023; 171:105615. [PMID: 37769996 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2023.105615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor from the family of basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors. Several studies have indicated an important role of AhR signaling pathways in senescence, aging, and neurodegenerative diseases. During aging, elastin is degraded and elastin-derived peptides (EDPs) are formed. EDPs have been detected in human blood, serum, and cerebrospinal fluid. Literature data suggest a role of EDPs in the development of neurodegenerative diseases. However, the impact of EDPs on the AhR signaling pathway has never been investigated. Therefore, the aim of our paper was to study the role of AhR in the mechanism of action of the VGVAPG peptide (one of the EDPs) in mouse primary astrocytes in vitro. Our experiments have shown that AhR plays an important role in the EDP mechanism of action in a model of mouse primary astrocytes. Moreover, due to the involvement of Sirt3, Pparγ, AhR, Glb1, Nf-κb1, Ece1, Ide, and Nepr genes and the production and release of neurosteroids, VGVAPG can accelerate the development of neurodegenerative diseases in which the proper metabolism of astrocytes is crucial. Furthermore, our studies have proved that AhR is likely involved in the co-control of the Sirt1, Glb1, Nf-κb1, Ece1, and Nepr expression in astrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konrad A Szychowski
- Department of Biotechnology and Cell Biology, Medical College, University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszow, Sucharskiego 2, 35-225, Rzeszow, Poland.
| | - Bartosz Skóra
- Department of Biotechnology and Cell Biology, Medical College, University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszow, Sucharskiego 2, 35-225, Rzeszow, Poland
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2
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Kemeh MM, Lazo ND. Modulation of the Activity of the Insulin-Degrading Enzyme by Aβ Peptides. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023; 14:2935-2943. [PMID: 37498802 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE) is an evolutionarily conserved protease implicated in the degradation of insulin and amyloidogenic peptides. Most of the biochemical and biophysical characterization of IDE's catalytic activity has been conducted using solutions containing a single substrate, i.e., insulin or Aβ(1-40). IDE's activity toward a particular substrate, however, is likely to be influenced by the presence of other substrates. Here, we show by a kinetic assay based on insulin's helical circular dichroic signal and MALDI TOF mass spectrometry that Aβ peptides modulate IDE's activity toward insulin in opposing ways. Aβ(1-40) enhances IDE-dependent degradation of insulin, whereas Aβ(pyroE3-42), the most pathogenic pyroglutamate-modified Aβ peptide in AD, inhibits IDE's activity. Intriguingly, Aβ(pyroE3-42) also inhibits IDE's ability to degrade Aβ(1-40). Together, our results implicate Aβ peptides in the abnormal catabolism of IDE's key substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merc M Kemeh
- Gustaf H. Carlson School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Clark University, Worcester, Massachusetts 01610, United States
| | - Noel D Lazo
- Gustaf H. Carlson School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Clark University, Worcester, Massachusetts 01610, United States
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3
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Deng S, Yi P, Xu M, Yi Q, Feng J. Dysfunctional gene splicing in glucose metabolism may contribute to Alzheimer's disease. Chin Med J (Engl) 2023; 136:666-675. [PMID: 35830275 PMCID: PMC10129079 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000002214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT The glucose metabolism is crucial for sustained brain activity as it provides energy and is a carbon source for multiple biomacromolecules; glucose metabolism decreases dramatically in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and may be a fundamental cause for its development. Recent studies reveal that the alternative splicing events of certain genes effectively regulate several processes in glucose metabolism including insulin receptor, insulin-degrading enzyme, pyruvate kinase M, receptor for advanced glycation endproducts, and others, thereby, influencing glucose uptake, glycolysis, and advanced glycation end-products-mediated signaling pathways. Indeed, the discovery of aberrant alternative splicing that changes the proteomic diversity and protein activity in glucose metabolism has been pivotal in our understanding of AD development. In this review, we summarize the alternative splicing events of the glucose metabolism-related genes in AD pathology and highlight the crucial regulatory roles of splicing factors in the alternative splicing process. We also discuss the emerging therapeutic approaches for targeting splicing factors for AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengfeng Deng
- Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Peng Yi
- Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Mingliang Xu
- Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Qian Yi
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Jianguo Feng
- Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
- Affiliated Xinhui Hospital, Southern Medical University (People's Hospital of Xinhui District), Jiangmen, Guangdong 529100, China
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4
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Kosyreva AM, Sentyabreva AV, Tsvetkov IS, Makarova OV. Alzheimer’s Disease and Inflammaging. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12091237. [PMID: 36138973 PMCID: PMC9496782 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12091237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease is one of the most common age-related neurodegenerative disorders. The main theory of Alzheimer’s disease progress is the amyloid-β cascade hypothesis. However, the initial mechanisms of insoluble forms of amyloid-β formation and hyperphosphorylated tau protein in neurons remain unclear. One of the factors, which might play a key role in senile plaques and tau fibrils generation due to Alzheimer’s disease, is inflammaging, i.e., systemic chronic low-grade age-related inflammation. The activation of the proinflammatory cell phenotype is observed during aging, which might be one of the pivotal mechanisms for the development of chronic inflammatory diseases, e.g., atherosclerosis, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and Alzheimer’s disease. This review discusses the role of the inflammatory processes in developing neurodegeneration, activated during physiological aging and due to various diseases such as atherosclerosis, obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and depressive disorders.
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5
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Wilson Alphonse CR, Rajesh Kannan R, Nagarajan N. PITRM1 interaction studies with amyloidogenic nonapeptide mutants of familial Alzheimer's disease. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022:1-12. [PMID: 35751131 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2092554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Amyloid β-protein (ABP) is found to be the major cause for the development of neurodegeneration which leads to Alzheimer's. The Aβ nonapeptide segment, QKLVFFAED (amino acids 15-23) is the highly amyloidogenic central region of Aβ. Familial mutation in Aβ increases the aggregation property of the peptide compared to the Native (Wild) amyloid-beta (Aβ) and these mutations fall on the Aβ nonapeptide segment. The catalytic activity of pitrilysin metallopeptidase 1(PITRM1) with familial mutant Aβ (Flemish, Arctic, Dutch, Italian and Iowa) during interaction is examined using molecular dynamic simulation. The molecular dynamics simulation of PITRM1 and the Aβ nonapeptide segment showed similar RMSD with respect to stability. The active site amino acid (AA) H108, hydrophobic pocket AA residues L111, F123, F124, and L127 and the basic pocket AA residues R888 and H896 showed similar interactions with both wild and familial Aβ. The molecular level interaction between amyloid beta and PITRM1 were similar in the wild and familial mutants except for the Arctic mutant. The hydrophobic interaction was commonly observed between the S1 hydrophobic pocket and the LVFF region, the Arctic mutant showed less hydrogen bond formation consistently when compared to other complexes. This molecular information on catalytic activity suggests that modulating inactive PITRM1 or an increase in expression of PITRM1 can help in eliminating different kinds of familial mutant Aβ in neurodegenerative cells.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlton Ranjith Wilson Alphonse
- Neuroscience Lab, Centre for Molecular and Nanomedical Sciences, Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, School of Bio and Chemical Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rajaretinam Rajesh Kannan
- Neuroscience Lab, Centre for Molecular and Nanomedical Sciences, Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, School of Bio and Chemical Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Nagasundaram Nagarajan
- Neuroscience Lab, Centre for Molecular and Nanomedical Sciences, Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, School of Bio and Chemical Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.,School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
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6
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Michailidis M, Moraitou D, Tata DA, Kalinderi K, Papamitsou T, Papaliagkas V. Alzheimer's Disease as Type 3 Diabetes: Common Pathophysiological Mechanisms between Alzheimer's Disease and Type 2 Diabetes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:2687. [PMID: 35269827 PMCID: PMC8910482 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Globally, the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) epidemics is increasing rapidly and has huge financial and emotional costs. The purpose of the current review article is to discuss the shared pathophysiological connections between AD and T2DM. Research findings are presented to underline the vital role that insulin plays in the brain's neurotransmitters, homeostasis of energy, as well as memory capacity. The findings of this review indicate the existence of a mechanistic interplay between AD pathogenesis with T2DM and, especially, disrupted insulin signaling. AD and T2DM are interlinked with insulin resistance, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, advanced glycosylation end products (AGEs), mitochondrial dysfunction and metabolic syndrome. Beta-amyloid, tau protein and amylin can accumulate in T2DM and AD brains. Given that the T2DM patients are not routinely evaluated in terms of their cognitive status, they are rarely treated for cognitive impairment. Similarly, AD patients are not routinely evaluated for high levels of insulin or for T2DM. Studies suggesting AD as a metabolic disease caused by insulin resistance in the brain also offer strong support for the hypothesis that AD is a type 3 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michalis Michailidis
- Laboratory of Psychology, School of Psychology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (M.M.); (D.M.); (D.A.T.)
| | - Despina Moraitou
- Laboratory of Psychology, School of Psychology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (M.M.); (D.M.); (D.A.T.)
| | - Despina A. Tata
- Laboratory of Psychology, School of Psychology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (M.M.); (D.M.); (D.A.T.)
| | - Kallirhoe Kalinderi
- Laboratory of Medical Biology-Genetics, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Theodora Papamitsou
- Histology and Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Vasileios Papaliagkas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, International Hellenic University, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece
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7
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Kraupner N, Dinh CP, Wen X, Landry V, Herledan A, Leroux F, Bosc D, Charton J, Maillard C, Warenghem S, Duplan I, Piveteau C, Hennuyer N, Staels B, Deprez B, Deprez-Poulain R. Identification of indole-based activators of insulin degrading enzyme. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 228:113982. [PMID: 34815130 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Insulin degrading enzyme (IDE) is a zinc metalloprotease that cleaves numerous substrates among which amyloid-β and insulin. It has been linked through genetic studies to the risk of type-2 diabetes (T2D) or Alzheimer's disease (AD). Pharmacological activation of IDE is an attractive therapeutic strategy in AD. While IDE inhibition gave paradoxal activity in glucose homeostasis, recent studies, in particular in the liver suggest that IDE activators could be also of interest in diabetes. Here we describe the discovery of an original series of IDE activators by screening and structure-activity relationships. Early cellular studies show that hit 1 decreases glucose-stimulating insulin secretion. Docking studies revealed it has an unprecedented extended binding to the polyanion-binding site of IDE. These indole-based pharmacological tools are activators of both Aβ and insulin hydrolysis by IDE and could be helpful to explore the multiple roles of IDE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Kraupner
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1177 - Drugs and Molecules for Living Systems, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Chau Phi Dinh
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1177 - Drugs and Molecules for Living Systems, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Xiaoan Wen
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1177 - Drugs and Molecules for Living Systems, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Valérie Landry
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1177 - Drugs and Molecules for Living Systems, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Adrien Herledan
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1177 - Drugs and Molecules for Living Systems, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Florence Leroux
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1177 - Drugs and Molecules for Living Systems, F-59000, Lille, France; European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, EGID, University of Lille, F-59000, France
| | - Damien Bosc
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1177 - Drugs and Molecules for Living Systems, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Julie Charton
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1177 - Drugs and Molecules for Living Systems, F-59000, Lille, France; European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, EGID, University of Lille, F-59000, France
| | - Clara Maillard
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1177 - Drugs and Molecules for Living Systems, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Sandrine Warenghem
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1177 - Drugs and Molecules for Living Systems, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Isabelle Duplan
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, F-59000, Lille, France; European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, EGID, University of Lille, F-59000, France
| | - Catherine Piveteau
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1177 - Drugs and Molecules for Living Systems, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Nathalie Hennuyer
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, F-59000, Lille, France; European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, EGID, University of Lille, F-59000, France
| | - Bart Staels
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, F-59000, Lille, France; European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, EGID, University of Lille, F-59000, France
| | - Benoit Deprez
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1177 - Drugs and Molecules for Living Systems, F-59000, Lille, France; European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, EGID, University of Lille, F-59000, France
| | - Rebecca Deprez-Poulain
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1177 - Drugs and Molecules for Living Systems, F-59000, Lille, France; European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, EGID, University of Lille, F-59000, France.
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8
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Regional Heritability Mapping of Quantitative Trait Loci Controlling Traits Related to Growth and Productivity in Popcorn (Zea mays L.). PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10091845. [PMID: 34579378 PMCID: PMC8466968 DOI: 10.3390/plants10091845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The method of regional heritability mapping (RHM) has become an important tool in the identification of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) controlling traits of interest in plants. Here, RHM was first applied in a breeding population of popcorn, to identify the QTLs and candidate genes involved in grain yield, plant height, kernel popping expansion, and first ear height, as well as determining the heritability of each significant genomic region. The study population consisted of 98 S1 families derived from the 9th recurrent selection cycle (C-9) of the open-pollinated variety UENF-14, which were genetically evaluated in two environments (ENV1 and ENV2). Seventeen and five genomic regions were mapped by the RHM method in ENV1 and ENV2, respectively. Subsequent genome-wide analysis based on the reference genome B73 revealed associations with forty-six candidate genes within these genomic regions, some of them are considered to be biologically important due to the proteins that they encode. The results obtained by the RHM method have the potential to contribute to knowledge on the genetic architecture of the growth and yield traits of popcorn, which might be used for marker-assisted selection in breeding programs.
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9
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García-Viñuales S, Sciacca MFM, Lanza V, Santoro AM, Grasso G, Tundo GR, Sbardella D, Coletta M, Grasso G, La Rosa C, Milardi D. The interplay between lipid and Aβ amyloid homeostasis in Alzheimer's Disease: risk factors and therapeutic opportunities. Chem Phys Lipids 2021; 236:105072. [PMID: 33675779 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2021.105072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's Diseases (AD) is characterized by the accumulation of amyloid deposits of Aβ peptide in the brain. Besides genetic background, the presence of other diseases and an unhealthy lifestyle are known risk factors for AD development. Albeit accumulating clinical evidence suggests that an impaired lipid metabolism is related to Aβ deposition, mechanistic insights on the link between amyloid fibril formation/clearance and aberrant lipid interactions are still unavailable. Recently, many studies have described the key role played by membrane bound Aβ assemblies in neurotoxicity. Moreover, it has been suggested that a derangement of the ubiquitin proteasome pathway and autophagy is significantly correlated with toxic Aβ aggregation and dysregulation of lipid levels. Thus, studies focusing on the role played by lipids in Aβ aggregation and proteostasis could represent a promising area of investigation for the design of valuable treatments. In this review we examine current knowledge concerning the effects of lipids in Aβ aggregation and degradation processes, focusing on the therapeutic opportunities that a comprehensive understanding of all biophysical, biochemical, and biological processes involved may disclose.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michele F M Sciacca
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Cristallografia, Catania, Italy
| | - Valeria Lanza
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Cristallografia, Catania, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Santoro
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Cristallografia, Catania, Italy
| | - Giulia Grasso
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Cristallografia, Catania, Italy
| | - Grazia R Tundo
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Massimiliano Coletta
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Grasso
- Department of Chemistry, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Carmelo La Rosa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Danilo Milardi
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Cristallografia, Catania, Italy.
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10
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Hartman K, Mielczarek P, Smoluch M, Silberring J. Inhibitors of neuropeptide peptidases engaged in pain and drug dependence. Neuropharmacology 2020; 175:108137. [PMID: 32526240 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Owing to a broad spectrum of functions performed by neuropeptides, this class of signaling molecules attracts an increasing interest. One of the key steps in the regulation of biological activity of neuropeptides is proteolytic conversion or degradation by proteinases that change or terminate biological activity of native peptides. These enzymes, in turn, are regulated by inhibitors, which play integral role in controlling many metabolic pathways. Thus, the search for selective inhibitors and detailed knowledge on the mechanisms of binding of these substances to enzymes, could be of importance for designing new pharmacological approaches. The aim of this review is to summarize the current knowledge on the inhibitors of enzymes that convert selected groups of neuropeptides, such as dynorphins, enkephalins, substance P and NPFF fragments. The importance of these substances in pathophysiological processes involved in pain and drug addiction, have been discussed. This article is part of the special issue on Neuropeptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Hartman
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, Department of Biochemistry and Neurobiology, Mickiewicza 30, 30-059, Krakow, Poland
| | - Przemyslaw Mielczarek
- Polish Academy of Sciences, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Laboratory of Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry, Smetna 12, 31-343, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Marek Smoluch
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, Department of Biochemistry and Neurobiology, Mickiewicza 30, 30-059, Krakow, Poland
| | - Jerzy Silberring
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, Department of Biochemistry and Neurobiology, Mickiewicza 30, 30-059, Krakow, Poland
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11
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He Z, Han S, Zhu H, Hu X, Li X, Hou C, Wu C, Xie Q, Li N, Du X, Ni J, Liu Q. The Protective Effect of Vanadium on Cognitive Impairment and the Neuropathology of Alzheimer's Disease in APPSwe/PS1dE9 Mice. Front Mol Neurosci 2020; 13:21. [PMID: 32210760 PMCID: PMC7077345 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a widely distributed neurodegenerative disease characterized clinically by cognitive deficits and pathologically by formation of amyloid-β (Aβ) plaque and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) in the brain. Vanadium is a biological trace element that has a function to mimic insulin for diabetes. Bis(ethylmaltolato) oxidovanadium (IV) (BEOV) has been reported to have a hypoglycemic property, but its effect on AD remains unclear. In this study, BEOV was supplemented at doses of 0.2 and 1.0 mmol/L to the AD model mice APPSwe/PS1dE9 for 3 months. The results showed that BEOV substantially ameliorated glucose metabolic disorder as well as synaptic and behavioral deficits of the AD mice. Further investigation revealed that BEOV significantly reduced Aβ generation by increasing the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma and insulin-degrading enzyme and by decreasing β-secretase 1 in the hippocampus and cortex of AD mice. BEOV also reduced tau hyperphosphorylation by inhibiting protein tyrosine phosphatase-1B and regulating the pathway of insulin receptor/insulin receptor substrate-1/protein kinase B/glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta. Furthermore, BEOV could enhance autophagolysosomal fusion and restore autophagic flux to increase the clearance of Aβ deposits and phosphorylated tau in the brains of AD mice. Collectively, the present study provides solid data for revealing the function and mechanism of BEOV on AD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijun He
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,College of Optoelectronics Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shuangxue Han
- College of Life Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Huazhang Zhu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xia Hu
- College of Life Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoqian Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chaofan Hou
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chong Wu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qingguo Xie
- College of Life Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Nan Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiubo Du
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiazuan Ni
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qiong Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,College of Optoelectronics Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
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12
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He Z, Han S, Wu C, Liu L, Zhu H, Liu A, Lu Q, Huang J, Du X, Li N, Xie Q, Wan L, Ni J, Chen L, Yang X, Liu Q. Bis(ethylmaltolato)oxidovanadium(iv) inhibited the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease in triple transgenic model mice. Metallomics 2020; 12:474-490. [PMID: 31970356 DOI: 10.1039/c9mt00271e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Vanadium compounds have been reported to mimic the anti-diabetes effects of insulin on rodent models, but their effects on Alzheimer's disease (AD) have rarely been explored. In this paper, 9-month-old triple transgenic AD model mice (3×Tg-AD) received bis(ethylmaltolato)oxidovanadium(iv) (BEOV) at doses of 0.2 mmol L-1 (68.4 μg mL-1) and 1.0 mmol L-1 (342 μg mL-1) for 3 months. BEOV at both doses was found to improve contextual memory and spatial learning in AD mice. It also improved glucose metabolism and protected neuronal synapses in the AD brain, as evidenced respectively by 18F-labeled fluoro-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography (18F-FDG-PET) scanning and by transmission electron microscopy. Inhibitory effects of BEOV on β-amyloid (Aβ) plaques and neuronal impairment in the cortex and hippocampus of fluorescent AD mice were visualized three-dimensionally by applying optical clearing technology to brain slices before confocal laser scanning microscopy. Western blot analysis semi-quantitatively revealed the altered levels of Aβ42 in the brains of wildtype, AD, and AD treated with 0.2 and 1.0 mmol L-1 BEOV mice (70.3%, 100%, 83.2% and 56.8% in the hippocampus; 82.4%, 100%, 66.9% and 42% in the cortex, respectively). The mechanism study showed that BEOV increased the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) (140%, 100%, 142% and 160% in the hippocampus; 167%, 100%, 124% and 133% in the cortex) to inactivate the JAK2/STAT3/SOCS-1 pathway and to block the amyloidogenesis cascade, thus attenuating Aβ-induced insulin resistance in AD models. BEOV also reduced protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) expression (74.8%, 100%, 76.5% and 53.8% in the hippocampus; 71.8%, 100%, 94.2% and 81.8% in cortex) to promote insulin sensitivity and to stimulate the PI3K/Akt/GSK3β pathway, subsequently reducing tau hyperphosphorylation (phosphorylated tau396 levels were 51.1%, 100%, 56.1% and 50.2% in the hippocampus; 22.2%, 100%, 36.1%, and 24% in the cortex). Our results suggested that BEOV reduced the pathological hallmarks of AD by targeting the pathways of PPARγ and PTP1B in 3×Tg AD mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijun He
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, 518060 Shenzhen, China.
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13
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Gonzalez CD, Resnik R, Vaccaro MI. Secretory Autophagy and Its Relevance in Metabolic and Degenerative Disease. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:266. [PMID: 32477265 PMCID: PMC7232537 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteins to be secreted through so-called "conventional mechanisms" are characterized by the presence of an N-terminal peptide that is a leader or signal peptide, needed for access to the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus for further secretion. However, some relevant cytosolic proteins lack of this signal peptides and should be secreted by different unconventional or "non-canonical" processes. One form of this unconventional secretion was named secretory autophagy (SA) because it is specifically associated with the autophagy pathway. It is defined by ATG proteins that regulate the biogenesis of the autophagosome, its representative organelle. The canonical macroautophagy involves the fusion of the autophagosomes with lysosomes for content degradation, whereas the SA pathway bypasses this degradative process to allow the secretion. ATG5, as well as other factors involved in autophagy such as BCN1, are also activated as part of the secretory pathway. SA has been recognized as a new mechanism that is becoming of increasing relevance to explain the unconventional secretion of a series of cytosolic proteins that have critical biological importance. Also, SA may play a role in the release of aggregation-prone protein since it has been related to the autophagosome biogenesis machinery. SA requires the autophagic pathway and both, secretory autophagy and canonical degradative autophagy are at the same time, integrated and highly regulated processes that interact in ultimate cross-talking molecular mechanisms. The potential implications of alterations in SA, its cargos, pathways, and regulation in human diseases such as metabolic/aging pathological processes are predictable. Further research of SA as potential target of therapeutic intervention is deserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Daniel Gonzalez
- Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine (UBA-CONICET), School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CEMIC University Institute, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Roxana Resnik
- Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine (UBA-CONICET), School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CEMIC University Institute, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maria Ines Vaccaro
- Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine (UBA-CONICET), School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CEMIC University Institute, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- *Correspondence: Maria Ines Vaccaro ;
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Hasib A, Hennayake CK, Bracy DP, Bugler-Lamb AR, Lantier L, Khan F, Ashford MLJ, McCrimmon RJ, Wasserman DH, Kang L. CD44 contributes to hyaluronan-mediated insulin resistance in skeletal muscle of high-fat-fed C57BL/6 mice. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2019; 317:E973-E983. [PMID: 31550181 PMCID: PMC6957377 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00215.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix hyaluronan is increased in skeletal muscle of high-fat-fed insulin-resistant mice, and reduction of hyaluronan by PEGPH20 hyaluronidase ameliorates diet-induced insulin resistance (IR). CD44, the main hyaluronan receptor, is positively correlated with type 2 diabetes. This study determines the role of CD44 in skeletal muscle IR. Global CD44-deficient (cd44-/-) mice and wild-type littermates (cd44+/+) were fed a chow diet or 60% high-fat diet for 16 wk. High-fat-fed cd44-/- mice were also treated with PEGPH20 to evaluate its CD44-dependent action. Insulin sensitivity was measured by hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp (ICv). High-fat feeding increased muscle CD44 protein expression. In the absence of differences in body weight and composition, despite lower clamp insulin during ICv, the cd44-/- mice had sustained glucose infusion rate (GIR) regardless of diet. High-fat diet-induced muscle IR as evidenced by decreased muscle glucose uptake (Rg) was exhibited in cd44+/+ mice but absent in cd44-/- mice. Moreover, gastrocnemius Rg remained unchanged between genotypes on chow diet but was increased in high-fat-fed cd44-/- compared with cd44+/+ when normalized to clamp insulin concentrations. Ameliorated muscle IR in high-fat-fed cd44-/- mice was associated with increased vascularization. In contrast to previously observed increases in wild-type mice, PEGPH20 treatment in high-fat-fed cd44-/- mice did not change GIR or muscle Rg during ICv, suggesting a CD44-dependent action. In conclusion, genetic CD44 deletion improves muscle IR, and the beneficial effects of PEGPH20 are CD44-dependent. These results suggest a critical role of CD44 in promoting hyaluronan-mediated muscle IR, therefore representing a potential therapeutic target for diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie Hasib
- Division of Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Chandani K Hennayake
- Division of Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Deanna P Bracy
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics and Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Centre, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Aimée R Bugler-Lamb
- Division of Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Louise Lantier
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics and Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Centre, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Faisel Khan
- Division of Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Michael L J Ashford
- Division of Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Rory J McCrimmon
- Division of Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - David H Wasserman
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics and Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Centre, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Li Kang
- Division of Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom
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Delikkaya B, Moriel N, Tong M, Gallucci G, de la Monte SM. Altered expression of insulin-degrading enzyme and regulator of calcineurin in the rat intracerebral streptozotocin model and human apolipoprotein E-ε4-associated Alzheimer's disease. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2019; 11:392-404. [PMID: 31193223 PMCID: PMC6522644 DOI: 10.1016/j.dadm.2019.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study assesses insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE) and regulator of calcineurin 1 (RCAN1) as potential mediators of brain insulin deficiency and neurodegeneration in experimental and human Alzheimer's disease (AD). METHODS Temporal lobes from Long Evans rats treated with intracerebral streptozotocin or vehicle and postmortem frontal lobes from humans with normal aging AD (Braak 0-2), moderate (Braak 3-4) AD, or advanced (Braak 5-6) AD were used to measure IDE and RCAN mRNA and protein. RESULTS Intracerebral streptozotocin significantly increased IDE and RCAN mRNA and protein. In humans with apolipoprotein E (ApoE) ε3/ε4 or ε4/ε4 and AD, IDE was elevated at Braak 3-4, but at Braak 5-6, IDE expression was significantly reduced. RCAN1 mRNA was similarly reduced in ApoE ε4+ patients with moderate or severe AD, whereas RCAN1 protein declined with the severity of AD and ApoE ε4 dose. DISCUSSION The findings suggest that IDE and RCAN1 differentially modulate brain insulin signaling in relation to AD severity and ApoE genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Büşra Delikkaya
- Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Natalia Moriel
- Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Ming Tong
- Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA,Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Gina Gallucci
- Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Suzanne M. de la Monte
- Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA,Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA,Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Providence VA Medical Center, Providence, RI, USA,Corresponding author. Tel.: +401-444-7364; Fax: +401-444-2939.
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16
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Bossak-Ahmad K, Mital M, Płonka D, Drew SC, Bal W. Oligopeptides Generated by Neprilysin Degradation of β-Amyloid Have the Highest Cu(II) Affinity in the Whole Aβ Family. Inorg Chem 2018; 58:932-943. [PMID: 30582328 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b03051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The catabolism of β-amyloid (Aβ) is carried out by numerous endopeptidases including neprilysin, which hydrolyzes peptide bonds preceding positions 4, 10, and 12 to yield Aβ4-9 and a minor Aβ12- x species. Alternative processing of the amyloid precursor protein by β-secretase also generates the Aβ11- x species. All these peptides contain a Xxx-Yyy-His sequence, also known as an ATCUN or NTS motif, making them strong chelators of Cu(II) ions. We synthesized the corresponding peptides, Phe-Arg-His-Asp-Ser-Gly-OH (Aβ4-9), Glu-Val-His-His-Gln-Lys-am (Aβ11-16), Val-His-His-Gln-Lys-am (Aβ12-16), and pGlu-Val-His-His-Gln-Lys-am (pAβ11-16), and investigated their Cu(II) binding properties using potentiometry, and UV-vis, circular dichroism, and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopies. We found that the three peptides with unmodified N-termini formed square-planar Cu(II) complexes at pH 7.4 with analogous geometries but significantly varied Kd values of 6.6 fM (Aβ4-9), 9.5 fM (Aβ12-16), and 1.8 pM (Aβ11-16). Cyclization of the N-terminal Glu11 residue to the pyroglutamate species pAβ11-16 dramatically reduced the affinity (5.8 nM). The Cu(II) affinities of Aβ4-9 and Aβ12-16 are the highest among the Cu(II) complexes of Aβ peptides. Using fluorescence spectroscopy, we demonstrated that the Cu(II) exchange between the Phe-Arg-His and Val-His-His motifs is very slow, on the order of days. These results are discussed in terms of the relevance of Aβ4-9, a major Cu(II) binding Aβ fragment generated by neprilysin, as a possible Cu(II) carrier in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Bossak-Ahmad
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics , Polish Academy of Sciences , 02-106 Warsaw , Poland
| | - Mariusz Mital
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics , Polish Academy of Sciences , 02-106 Warsaw , Poland
| | - Dawid Płonka
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics , Polish Academy of Sciences , 02-106 Warsaw , Poland
| | - Simon C Drew
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics , Polish Academy of Sciences , 02-106 Warsaw , Poland
| | - Wojciech Bal
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics , Polish Academy of Sciences , 02-106 Warsaw , Poland
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17
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Kurauti MA, Ferreira SM, Soares GM, Vettorazzi JF, Carneiro EM, Boschero AC, Costa‐Júnior JM. Hyperinsulinemia is associated with increasing insulin secretion but not with decreasing insulin clearance in an age‐related metabolic dysfunction mice model. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:9802-9809. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mirian A. Kurauti
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP) Campinas Sao Paulo Brazil
| | - Sandra M. Ferreira
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP) Campinas Sao Paulo Brazil
| | - Gabriela M. Soares
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP) Campinas Sao Paulo Brazil
| | - Jean F. Vettorazzi
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP) Campinas Sao Paulo Brazil
| | - Everardo M. Carneiro
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP) Campinas Sao Paulo Brazil
| | - Antonio C. Boschero
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP) Campinas Sao Paulo Brazil
| | - José M. Costa‐Júnior
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP) Campinas Sao Paulo Brazil
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18
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Insulin-degrading enzyme is not secreted from cultured cells. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2335. [PMID: 29402917 PMCID: PMC5799172 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20597-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE) functions in the catabolism of bioactive peptides. Established roles include degrading insulin and the amyloid beta peptide (Aβ), linking it to diabetes and Alzheimer’s disease. IDE is primarily located in the cytosol, and a longstanding question is how it gains access to its peptide substrates. Reports suggest that IDE secreted by an unconventional pathway participates in extracellular hydrolysis of insulin and Aβ. We find that IDE release from cultured HEK-293 or BV-2 cells represents only ~1% of total cellular IDE, far less than has been reported previously. Importantly, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and other cytosolic enzymes are released at the same relative level, indicating that extracellular IDE results from a loss of cell integrity, not secretion. Lovastatin increases IDE release from BV-2 cells as reported, but this release is mirrored by LDH release. Cell viability assays indicate lovastatin causes a loss of cell integrity, explaining its effect on IDE release. IDE is present in an exosome-enriched fraction from BV-2 cell conditioned media, however it represents only ~0.01% of the total cellular enzyme and is unlikely to be a significant source of IDE. These results call into question the secretion of IDE and its importance in extracellular peptide degradation.
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Leiva R, Griñan-Ferré C, Seira C, Valverde E, McBride A, Binnie M, Pérez B, Luque FJ, Pallàs M, Bidon-Chanal A, Webster SP, Vázquez S. Design, synthesis and in vivo study of novel pyrrolidine-based 11β-HSD1 inhibitors for age-related cognitive dysfunction. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 139:412-428. [PMID: 28818766 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2017] [Revised: 07/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Recent findings suggest that treatment with 11β-HSD1 inhibitors provides a novel approach to deal with age-related cognitive dysfunctions, including Alzheimer's disease. In this work we report potent 11β-HSD1 inhibitors featuring unexplored pyrrolidine-based polycyclic substituents. A selected candidate administered to 12-month-old SAMP8 mice for four weeks prevented memory deficits and displayed a neuroprotective action. This is the first time that 11β-HSD1 inhibitors have been studied in this broadly-used mouse model of accelerated senescence and late-onset Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosana Leiva
- Laboratori de Química Farmacèutica (Unitat Associada al CSIC), Facultat de Farmàcia i Cienciès de l'Alimentació, and Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII 27-31, Barcelona E-08028, Spain
| | - Christian Griñan-Ferré
- Unitat de Farmacologia, Farmacognòsia i Terapèutica, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació i Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII, 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Center in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Constantí Seira
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Prat de la Riba 171, Santa Coloma de Gramenet E-08921, Spain
| | - Elena Valverde
- Laboratori de Química Farmacèutica (Unitat Associada al CSIC), Facultat de Farmàcia i Cienciès de l'Alimentació, and Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII 27-31, Barcelona E-08028, Spain
| | - Andrew McBride
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Queen's Medical Research Institute, EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Margaret Binnie
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Queen's Medical Research Institute, EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Belén Pérez
- Departament de Farmacologia, Terapèutica i Toxicologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193, Spain
| | - F Javier Luque
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Prat de la Riba 171, Santa Coloma de Gramenet E-08921, Spain
| | - Mercè Pallàs
- Unitat de Farmacologia, Farmacognòsia i Terapèutica, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació i Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII, 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Center in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Axel Bidon-Chanal
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Prat de la Riba 171, Santa Coloma de Gramenet E-08921, Spain
| | - Scott P Webster
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Queen's Medical Research Institute, EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom.
| | - Santiago Vázquez
- Laboratori de Química Farmacèutica (Unitat Associada al CSIC), Facultat de Farmàcia i Cienciès de l'Alimentació, and Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII 27-31, Barcelona E-08028, Spain.
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20
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Song MK, Bischoff DS, Song AM, Uyemura K, Yamaguchi DT. Metabolic relationship between diabetes and Alzheimer's Disease affected by Cyclo(His-Pro) plus zinc treatment. BBA CLINICAL 2017; 7:41-54. [PMID: 28070499 PMCID: PMC5219633 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbacli.2016.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Revised: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Association of Alzheimer's Disease (AD) with Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) has been well established. Cyclo(His-Pro) plus zinc (Cyclo-Z) treatment ameliorated diabetes in rats and similar improvements have been seen in human patients. Treatment of amyloid precursor protein (APP) transgenic mice with Cyclo-Z exhibited memory improvements and significantly reduced Aβ-40 and Aβ-42 protein levels in the brain tissues of the mice. SCOPE OF REVIEW Metabolic relationship between AD and T2D will be described with particular attention to insulin sensitivity and Aβ degradation in brain and plasma tissues. Mechanistic effect of insulin degrading enzyme (IDE) in decreasing blood glucose and brain Aβ levels will be elucidated. Cyclo-Z effects on these biochemical parameters will be discussed. MAJOR CONCLUSION Stimulation of IDE synthesis is effective for the clinical treatment of metabolic diseases including AD and T2D. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Cyclo-Z might be the effective treatment of AD and T2D by stimulating IDE synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moon K. Song
- VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, 16111, Plummer Street, North Hills, CA 91343
- UCLA School of Medicine, 1O833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - David S. Bischoff
- VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, 16111, Plummer Street, North Hills, CA 91343
- UCLA School of Medicine, 1O833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Albert M. Song
- Kaiser Permanente Medical Center, 13651 Willard Street, Panorama City, CA 91402
| | - Koichi Uyemura
- VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, 16111, Plummer Street, North Hills, CA 91343
| | - Dean T. Yamaguchi
- VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, 16111, Plummer Street, North Hills, CA 91343
- UCLA School of Medicine, 1O833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095
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21
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de Matos AM, de Macedo MP, Rauter AP. Bridging Type 2 Diabetes and Alzheimer's Disease: Assembling the Puzzle Pieces in the Quest for the Molecules With Therapeutic and Preventive Potential. Med Res Rev 2017; 38:261-324. [PMID: 28422298 DOI: 10.1002/med.21440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) are two age-related amyloid diseases that affect millions of people worldwide. Broadly supported by epidemiological data, the higher incidence of AD among type 2 diabetic patients led to the recognition of T2D as a tangible risk factor for the development of AD. Indeed, there is now growing evidence on brain structural and functional abnormalities arising from brain insulin resistance and deficiency, ultimately highlighting the need for new approaches capable of preventing the development of AD in type 2 diabetic patients. This review provides an update on overlapping pathophysiological mechanisms and pathways in T2D and AD, such as amyloidogenic events, oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, aberrant enzymatic activity, and even shared genetic background. These events will be presented as puzzle pieces put together, thus establishing potential therapeutic targets for drug discovery and development against T2D and diabetes-induced cognitive decline-a heavyweight contributor to the increasing incidence of dementia in developed countries. Hoping to pave the way in this direction, we will present some of the most promising and well-studied drug leads with potential against both pathologies, including their respective bioactivity reports, mechanisms of action, and structure-activity relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Marta de Matos
- Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Ed. C8, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal.,CEDOC Chronic Diseases, Nova Medical School, Rua Câmara Pestana n 6, 6-A, Ed. CEDOC II, 1150-082, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria Paula de Macedo
- CEDOC Chronic Diseases, Nova Medical School, Rua Câmara Pestana n 6, 6-A, Ed. CEDOC II, 1150-082, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Amélia Pilar Rauter
- Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Ed. C8, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal
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22
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Song ES, Jang H, Guo HF, Juliano MA, Juliano L, Morris AJ, Galperin E, Rodgers DW, Hersh LB. Inositol phosphates and phosphoinositides activate insulin-degrading enzyme, while phosphoinositides also mediate binding to endosomes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E2826-E2835. [PMID: 28325868 PMCID: PMC5389272 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1613447114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE) hydrolyzes bioactive peptides, including insulin, amylin, and the amyloid β peptides. Polyanions activate IDE toward some substrates, yet an endogenous polyanion activator has not yet been identified. Here we report that inositol phosphates (InsPs) and phosphatdidylinositol phosphates (PtdInsPs) serve as activators of IDE. InsPs and PtdInsPs interact with the polyanion-binding site located on an inner chamber wall of the enzyme. InsPs activate IDE by up to ∼95-fold, affecting primarily Vmax The extent of activation and binding affinity correlate with the number of phosphate groups on the inositol ring, with phosphate positional effects observed. IDE binds PtdInsPs from solution, immobilized on membranes, or presented in liposomes. Interaction with PtdInsPs, likely PtdIns(3)P, plays a role in localizing IDE to endosomes, where the enzyme reportedly encounters physiological substrates. Thus, InsPs and PtdInsPs can serve as endogenous modulators of IDE activity, as well as regulators of its intracellular spatial distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Suk Song
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
| | - HyeIn Jang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
| | - Hou-Fu Guo
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
| | - Maria A Juliano
- Department of Biophysics, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, 04044-020 Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz Juliano
- Department of Biophysics, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, 04044-020 Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andrew J Morris
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536
| | - Emilia Galperin
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
| | - David W Rodgers
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536;
- Center for Structural Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
| | - Louis B Hersh
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536;
- Center for Structural Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
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Pivovarova O, Höhn A, Grune T, Pfeiffer AFH, Rudovich N. Insulin-degrading enzyme: new therapeutic target for diabetes and Alzheimer's disease? Ann Med 2016; 48:614-624. [PMID: 27320287 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2016.1197416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE) is a major enzyme responsible for insulin degradation. In addition to insulin, IDE degrades many targets including glucagon, atrial natriuretic peptide, and beta-amyloid peptide, regulates proteasomal degradation and other cell functions. IDE represents a pathophysiological link between type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and late onset Alzheimer's disease (AD). Potent and selective modulators of IDE activity are potential drugs for therapies of both diseases. Acute treatment with a novel IDE inhibitor was recently tested in a mouse study as a therapeutic approach for the treatment of T2DM. In contrast, effective IDE activators can be used for the AD treatment. However, because of the pleiotropic IDE action, the sustained treatment with systemic IDE modulators should be carefully tested in animal studies. Development of substrate-selective IDE modulators could overcome possible adverse effects of IDE modulators associated with multiplicity of IDE targets. KEY MESSAGES Insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE) represents a pathophysiological link between type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Selective modulators of IDE activity are potential drugs for both T2DM and AD treatment. Development of substrate-selective IDE modulators could overcome possible adverse effects of IDE modulators associated with multiplicity of IDE targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Pivovarova
- a Department of Clinical Nutrition , German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke , Nuthetal , Germany.,b Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition , Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité University Medicine , Berlin , Germany.,c German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) , München , Germany
| | - Annika Höhn
- c German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) , München , Germany.,d Department of Molecular Toxicology , German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke , Nuthetal , Germany
| | - Tilman Grune
- c German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) , München , Germany.,d Department of Molecular Toxicology , German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke , Nuthetal , Germany.,e German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) , Berlin , Germany
| | - Andreas F H Pfeiffer
- a Department of Clinical Nutrition , German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke , Nuthetal , Germany.,b Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition , Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité University Medicine , Berlin , Germany.,c German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) , München , Germany
| | - Natalia Rudovich
- a Department of Clinical Nutrition , German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke , Nuthetal , Germany.,b Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition , Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité University Medicine , Berlin , Germany.,c German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) , München , Germany
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Identification and functional characterization of a putative IDE, C28F5.4 (ceIDE-1), in Caenorhabditis elegans: Implications for Alzheimer's disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2016; 1860:2454-2462. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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25
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Zhao J, Ma B, Nussinov R. Compilation and Analysis of Enzymes, Engineered Antibodies, and Nanoparticles Designed to Interfere with Amyloid-β Aggregation. Isr J Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201600093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhao
- Cancer and Inflammation Program; National Cancer Institute; Frederick Maryland 21702 USA
| | - Buyong Ma
- Basic Science Program; Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc.; Cancer and Inflammation Program; National Cancer Institute; Frederick Maryland 21702 USA
| | - Ruth Nussinov
- Basic Science Program; Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc.; Cancer and Inflammation Program; National Cancer Institute; Frederick Maryland 21702 USA
- Sackler Institute of Molecular Medicine; Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine; Sackler School of Medicine; Tel Aviv University; Tel Aviv 69978 Israel
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26
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Tang WJ. Targeting Insulin-Degrading Enzyme to Treat Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2016; 27:24-34. [PMID: 26651592 PMCID: PMC4698235 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2015.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Revised: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE) selectively degrades peptides, such as insulin, amylin, and amyloid β (Aβ) that form toxic aggregates, to maintain proteostasis. IDE defects are linked to the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Structural and biochemical analyses revealed the molecular basis for IDE-mediated destruction of amyloidogenic peptides and this information has been exploited to develop promising inhibitors of IDE to improve glucose homeostasis. However, the inhibition of IDE can also lead to glucose intolerance. In this review, I focus on recent advances regarding our understanding of the structure and function of IDE and the discovery of IDE inhibitors, as well as challenges in developing IDE-based therapy for human diseases, particularly T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Jen Tang
- Ben-May Department for Cancer Research, the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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27
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Inflammation and Oxidative Stress: The Molecular Connectivity between Insulin Resistance, Obesity, and Alzheimer's Disease. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:105828. [PMID: 26693205 PMCID: PMC4674598 DOI: 10.1155/2015/105828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 297] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2DM), Alzheimer's disease (AD), and insulin resistance are age-related conditions and increased prevalence is of public concern. Recent research has provided evidence that insulin resistance and impaired insulin signalling may be a contributory factor to the progression of diabetes, dementia, and other neurological disorders. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common subtype of dementia. Reduced release (for T2DM) and decreased action of insulin are central to the development and progression of both T2DM and AD. A literature search was conducted to identify molecular commonalities between obesity, diabetes, and AD. Insulin resistance affects many tissues and organs, either through impaired insulin signalling or through aberrant changes in both glucose and lipid (cholesterol and triacylglycerol) metabolism and concentrations in the blood. Although epidemiological and biological evidence has highlighted an increased incidence of cognitive decline and AD in patients with T2DM, the common molecular basis of cell and tissue dysfunction is rapidly gaining recognition. As a cause or consequence, the chronic inflammatory response and oxidative stress associated with T2DM, amyloid-β (Aβ) protein accumulation, and mitochondrial dysfunction link T2DM and AD.
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28
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The role of type 2 diabetes in neurodegeneration. Neurobiol Dis 2015; 84:22-38. [PMID: 25926349 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2015.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Revised: 04/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A growing body of evidence links type-2 diabetes (T2D) with dementia and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). AD is the most common form of dementia and is characterised neuropathologically by the accumulation of extracellular beta amyloid (Aβ) peptide aggregates and intracellular hyper-phosphorylated tau protein, which are thought to drive and/or accelerate inflammatory and oxidative stress processes leading to neurodegeneration. Although the precise mechanism remains unclear, T2D can exacerbate these neurodegenerative processes. Brain atrophy, reduced cerebral glucose metabolism and CNS insulin resistance are features of both AD and T2D. Cell culture and animal studies have indicated that the early accumulation of Aβ may play a role in CNS insulin resistance and impaired insulin signalling. From the viewpoint of insulin resistance and impaired insulin signalling in the brain, these are also believed to initiate other aspects of brain injury, including inflammatory and oxidative stress processes. Here we review the clinical and experimental pieces of evidence that link these two chronic diseases of ageing, and discuss underlying mechanisms. The evaluation of treatments for the management of diabetes in preclinical, and clinical studies and trials for AD will also be discussed.
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Singla N, Dhawan DK. Modulation of (14) C-labeled glucose metabolism by zinc during aluminium induced neurodegeneration. J Neurosci Res 2015; 93:1434-41. [PMID: 25908409 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2014] [Revised: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Aluminium (Al) is one of the most prominent metals in the environment and is responsible for causing several neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease. On the other hand, zinc (Zn) is an essential micronutrient that is involved in regulating brain development and function. The present study investigates the protective potential of Zn in the uptake of (14) C-labeled amino acids and glucose and their turnover in rat brain slices during Al intoxication. Male Sprague Dawley rats (140-160 g) were divided into four different groups: normal control, Al treated (100 mg/kg body weight/day via oral gavage), Zn treated (227 mg/liter in drinking water), and Al + Zn treated. Radiorespirometric assay revealed an increase in glucose turnover after Al exposure that was attenuated after Zn treatment. Furthermore, the uptake of (14) C-labeled glucose was increased after Al treatment but was appreciably decreased upon Zn supplementation. In addition, the uptakes of (14) C-lysine, (14) C-leucine, and (14) C-aspartic acid were also found to be elevated following Al exposure but were decreased after Zn treatment. Al treatment also caused alterations in the neurohistoarchitecture of the brain, which were improved after Zn coadministration. Therefore, the present study suggests that Zn provides protection against Al-induced neurotoxicity by regulating glucose and amino acid uptake in rats, indicating that Zn could be a potential candidate for the treatment of various neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Singla
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - D K Dhawan
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
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Philibert KD, Marr RA, Norstrom EM, Glucksman MJ. Identification and characterization of Aβ peptide interactors in Alzheimer's disease by structural approaches. Front Aging Neurosci 2014; 6:265. [PMID: 25346686 PMCID: PMC4191344 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2014.00265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, there are very limited pharmaceutical interventions for Alzheimer's disease (AD) to alleviate the amyloid burden implicated in the pathophysiology of the disease. Alzheimer's disease is characterized immunohistologically by the accumulation of senile plaques in the brain with afflicted patients progressively losing short-term memory and, ultimately, cognition. Although significant improvements in clinical diagnosis and care for AD patients have been made, effective treatments for this devastating disease remain elusive. A key component of the amyloid burden of AD comes from accumulation of the amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptide which comes from processing of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) by enzymes termed secretases, leading to production of these toxic Aβ peptides of 40-42 amino acids. New therapeutic approaches for reducing Aβ are warranted after the most logical avenues of inhibiting secretase activity appear less than optimal in ameliorating the progression of AD.Novel therapeutics may be gleaned from proteomics biomarker initiatives to yield detailed molecular interactions of enzymes and their potential substrates. Explicating the APPome by deciphering protein complexes forming in cells is a complementary approach to unveil novel molecular interactions with the amyloidogenic peptide precursor to both understand the biology and develop potential upstream drug targets. Utilizing these strategies we have identified EC 3.4.24.15 (EP24.15), a zinc metalloprotease related to neprilysin (NEP), with the ability to catabolize Aβ 1-42 by examining first potential in silico docking and then verification by mass spectrometry. In addition, a hormone carrier protein, transthyreitin (TTR), was identified and with its abundance in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), found to clear Aβ by inhibiting formation of oligomeric forms of Aβ peptide. The confluence of complementary strategies may allow new therapeutic avenues as well as biomarkers for AD that will aid in diagnosis, prognosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith D Philibert
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science North Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Robert A Marr
- Department of Neuroscience, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science North Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Eric M Norstrom
- Department of Biological Sciences, DePaul University Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Marc J Glucksman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science North Chicago, IL, USA
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Mitochondrial import and degradation of amyloid-β peptide. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2014; 1837:1069-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2014.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Revised: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Brandimarti P, Costa-Júnior JM, Ferreira SM, Protzek AO, Santos GJ, Carneiro EM, Boschero AC, Rezende LF. Cafeteria diet inhibits insulin clearance by reduced insulin-degrading enzyme expression and mRNA splicing. J Endocrinol 2013; 219:173-82. [PMID: 23959080 DOI: 10.1530/joe-13-0177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Insulin clearance plays a major role in glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity in physiological and/or pathological conditions, such as obesity-induced type 2 diabetes as well as diet-induced obesity. The aim of the present work was to evaluate cafeteria diet-induced obesity-induced changes in insulin clearance and to explain the mechanisms underlying these possible changes. Female Swiss mice were fed either a standard chow diet (CTL) or a cafeteria diet (CAF) for 8 weeks, after which we performed glucose tolerance tests, insulin tolerance tests, insulin dynamics, and insulin clearance tests. We then isolated pancreatic islets for ex vivo glucose-stimulated insulin secretion as well as liver, gastrocnemius, visceral adipose tissue, and hypothalamus for subsequent protein analysis by western blot and determination of mRNA levels by real-time RT-PCR. The cafeteria diet induced insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, and increased insulin secretion and total insulin content. More importantly, mice that were fed a cafeteria diet demonstrated reduced insulin clearance and decay rate as well as reduced insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE) protein and mRNA levels in liver and skeletal muscle compared with the control animals. Furthermore, the cafeteria diet reduced IDE expression and alternative splicing in the liver and skeletal muscle of mice. In conclusion, a cafeteria diet impairs glucose homeostasis by reducing insulin sensitivity, but it also reduces insulin clearance by reducing IDE expression and alternative splicing in mouse liver; however, whether this mechanism contributes to the glucose intolerance or helps to ameliorate it remains unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Brandimarti
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), PO Box 6109, Campinas, SP, CEP 13083-865, Brazil
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33
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Caravaggio JW, Hasu M, MacLaren R, Thabet M, Raizman JE, Veinot JP, Marcel YL, Milne RW, Whitman SC. Insulin-degrading enzyme deficiency in bone marrow cells increases atherosclerosis in LDL receptor-deficient mice. Cardiovasc Pathol 2013; 22:458-64. [PMID: 23684818 DOI: 10.1016/j.carpath.2013.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2013] [Revised: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/23/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE), a protease implicated in several chronic diseases, associates with the cytoplasmic domain of the macrophage Type A scavenger receptor (SR-A). Our goal was to investigate the effect of IDE deficiency (Ide(-/-)) on diet-induced atherosclerosis in low density lipoprotein-deficient (Ldlr(-/-)) mice and on SR-A function. METHODS Irradiated Ldlr(-/-) or Ide(-/-)Ldlr(-/-) mice were reconstituted with wild-type or Ide(-/-) bone marrow and, 6 weeks later, were placed on a high-fat diet for 8 weeks. RESULTS After 8 weeks on a high-fat diet, male Ldlr(-/-) recipients of Ide(-/-) bone marrow had more atherosclerosis, higher serum cholesterol and increased lesion-associated β-amyloid, an IDE substrate, and receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), a proinflammatory receptor for β-amyloid, compared to male Ldlr(-/-) recipients of wild-type bone marrow. IDE deficiency in male Ldlr(-/-) recipient mice did not affect atherosclerosis or cholesterol levels and moderated the effects of IDE deficiency of bone marrow-derived cells. No differences were seen between Ldlr(-/-) and Ide(-/-)Ldlr(-/-) female mice reconstituted with Ide(-/-) or wild-type bone marrow. IDE deficiency in macrophages did not alter SR-A levels, cell surface SR-A, or foam cell formation. CONCLUSION IDE deficiency in bone marrow-derived cells results in larger atherosclerotic lesions, increased lesion-associated Aβ and RAGE, and higher serum cholesterol in male, Ldlr(-/-) mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin W Caravaggio
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Insulin-degrading enzyme deficiency accelerates cerebrovascular amyloidosis in an animal model. Brain Behav Immun 2013; 30:143-9. [PMID: 23257117 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2012.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2012] [Revised: 11/26/2012] [Accepted: 12/09/2012] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebrovascular amyloidosis (CA) may result in intraparenchymal bleeding and cognitive impairment. It was previously shown that transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) expression under an astrocyte promoter resulted in congophilic vascular deposits and vascular pathology. A reduction in insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE) activity was previously suggested to play a role in the accumulation of congophilic vascular deposits in the microvasculature of Alzheimer's disease (AD) cases. Here, we aim to investigate the link between TGF-β1 and IDE activity in the development of CA. We found that TGF-β1 can reduce IDE expression in a mouse brain endothelial cell line (ECs). Furthermore, we discovered that IDE activity in the brains of TGF-β1 transgenic (Tg) mice was significantly reduced compared with that of the control mice in an age-dependent manner. In addition, TGF-β1/IDE(-/-) mice showed significantly greater levels of cerebrovascular pathology compared with TGF-β1 mice. We have previously shown that 16-month-old TGF-β1 mice have a significant reduction in synaptophysin protein levels, which may lead to cognitive impairment. Here we discovered a significant reduction in synaptophysin protein already at the age of seven in the hippocampus of TGF-β1/IDE(-/-) mice compared with TGF-β1 mice. Further investigation of TGF-β1-mediated IDE activity in ECs may provide useful therapeutic intervention targets for cerebrovascular diseases such as CA.
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Song ES, Melikishvili M, Fried MG, Juliano MA, Juliano L, Rodgers DW, Hersh LB. Cysteine 904 is required for maximal insulin degrading enzyme activity and polyanion activation. PLoS One 2012; 7:e46790. [PMID: 23077523 PMCID: PMC3471918 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0046790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2012] [Accepted: 09/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cysteine residues in insulin degrading enzyme have been reported as non-critical for its activity. We found that converting the twelve cysteine residues in rat insulin degrading enzyme (IDE) to serines resulted in a cysteine-free form of the enzyme with reduced activity and decreased activation by polyanions. Mutation of each cysteine residue individually revealed cysteine 904 as the key residue required for maximal activity and polyanion activation, although other cysteines affect polyanion binding to a lesser extent. Based on the structure of IDE, Asn 575 was identified as a potential hydrogen bond partner for Cys904 and mutation of this residue also reduced activity and decreased polyanion activation. The oligomerization state of IDE did not correlate with its activity, with the dimer being the predominant form in all the samples examined. These data suggest that there are several conformational states of the dimer that affect activity and polyanion activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Suk Song
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry and the Center for Structural Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Manana Melikishvili
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry and the Center for Structural Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Michael G. Fried
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry and the Center for Structural Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Maria A. Juliano
- Department of Biophysics, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Rua Tres de Maio, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz Juliano
- Department of Biophysics, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Rua Tres de Maio, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - David W. Rodgers
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry and the Center for Structural Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Louis B. Hersh
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry and the Center for Structural Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Dong S, Duan Y, Hu Y, Zhao Z. Advances in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease: a re-evaluation of amyloid cascade hypothesis. Transl Neurodegener 2012; 1:18. [PMID: 23210692 PMCID: PMC3526416 DOI: 10.1186/2047-9158-1-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2012] [Accepted: 09/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a common neurodegenerative disease characterized clinically by progressive deterioration of memory, and pathologically by histopathological changes including extracellular deposits of amyloid-beta (A-beta) peptides forming senile plaques (SP) and the intracellular neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) of hyperphosphorylated tau in the brain. This review focused on the new developments of amyloid cascade hypothesis with details on the production, metabolism and clearance of A-beta, and the key roles of some important A-beta-related genes in the pathological processes of AD. The most recent research advances in genetics, neuropathology and pathogenesis of the disease were also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzhen Dong
- Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, East China Normal University, 3663 Zhongshan Road (N), Shanghai, 200062, China.
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Haines BA, Davis DA, Zykovich A, Peng B, Rao R, Mooney SD, Jin K, Greenberg DA. Comparative protein interactomics of neuroglobin and myoglobin. J Neurochem 2012; 123:192-8. [PMID: 22816983 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2012.07881.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Neuroglobin is a hypoxia-inducible O(2)-binding protein with neuroprotective effects in cell and animal models of stroke and Alzheimer's disease. The mechanism underlying neuroglobin's cytoprotective action is unknown, although several possibilities have been proposed, including anti-oxidative and anti-apoptotic effects. We used affinity purification-mass spectrometry methods to identify neuroglobin-interacting proteins in normoxic and hypoxic murine neuronal (HN33) cell lysates, and to compare these interactions with those of a structurally and functionally related protein, myoglobin. We report that the protein interactomes of neuroglobin and myoglobin overlap substantially and are modified by hypoxia. In addition, neuroglobin-interacting proteins include partners consistent with both anti-oxidative and anti-apoptotic functions, as well as with a relationship to several neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan A Haines
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA 94945, USA
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38
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Kukday SS, Manandhar SP, Ludley MC, Burriss ME, Alper BJ, Schmidt WK. Cell-permeable, small-molecule activators of the insulin-degrading enzyme. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 17:1348-61. [PMID: 22740246 DOI: 10.1177/1087057112451921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE) cleaves numerous small peptides, including biologically active hormones and disease-related peptides. The propensity of IDE to degrade neurotoxic Aβ peptides marks IDE as a potential therapeutic target for Alzheimer disease. Using a synthetic reporter based on the yeast a-factor mating pheromone precursor, which is cleaved by multiple IDE orthologs, we identified seven small molecules that stimulate rat IDE activity in vitro. Half-maximal activation of IDE by the compounds is observed in vitro in the range of 43 to 198 µM. All compounds decrease the K(m) of IDE. Four compounds activate IDE in the presence of the competing substrate insulin, which disproportionately inhibits IDE activity. Two compounds stimulate rat IDE activity in a cell-based assay, indicating that they are cell permeable. The compounds demonstrate specificity for rat IDE since they do not enhance the activities of IDE orthologs, including human IDE, and they appear specific for a-factor-based reporters since they do not enhance rat IDE-mediated cleavage of Aβ-based reporters. Our results suggest that IDE activators function in the context of specific enzyme-substrate pairs, indicating that the choice of substrate must be considered in addition to target validation in IDE activator screens.
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Singla N, Dhawan D. Regulatory role of zinc during aluminium-induced altered carbohydrate metabolism in rat brain. J Neurosci Res 2011; 90:698-705. [DOI: 10.1002/jnr.22790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2011] [Revised: 08/01/2011] [Accepted: 08/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Bartl J, Scholz CJ, Hinterberger M, Jungwirth S, Wichart I, Rainer MK, Kneitz S, Danielczyk W, Tragl KH, Fischer P, Riederer P, Grünblatt E. Disorder-specific effects of polymorphisms at opposing ends of the Insulin Degrading Enzyme gene. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2011; 12:151. [PMID: 22107728 PMCID: PMC3266204 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2350-12-151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2011] [Accepted: 11/22/2011] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Background Insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE) is the ubiquitously expressed enzyme responsible for insulin and amyloid beta (Aβ) degradation. IDE gene is located on chromosome region 10q23-q25 and exhibits a well-replicated peak of linkage with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Several genetic association studies examined IDE gene as a susceptibility gene for Alzheimer's disease (AD), however with controversial results. Methods We examined associations of three IDE polymorphisms (IDE2, rs4646953; IDE7, rs2251101 and IDE9, rs1887922) with AD, Aβ42 plasma level and T2DM risk in the longitudinal Vienna Transdanube Aging (VITA) study cohort. Results The upstream polymorphism IDE2 was found to influence AD risk and to trigger the Aβ42 plasma level, whereas the downstream polymorphism IDE7 modified the T2DM risk; no associations were found for the intronic variant IDE9. Conclusions Based on our SNP and haplotype results, we delineate the model that IDE promoter and 3' untranslated region/downstream variation may have different effects on IDE expression, presumably a relevant endophenotype with disorder-specific effects on AD and T2DM susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin Bartl
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Fuechsleinstr, 15, D-97080 Wuerzburg, Germany.
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Guttmann RP, Ghoshal S. Thiol-protease oxidation in age-related neuropathology. Free Radic Biol Med 2011; 51:282-8. [PMID: 21565267 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2011.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2010] [Revised: 04/07/2011] [Accepted: 04/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Increased oxidative stress is a hallmark of every major neurodegenerative disease that has been studied. Numerous biomarkers of oxidative stress have been found, indicating that waves of oxidation had, at one time or another, overwhelmed antioxidant defenses, leaving behind a host of oxidized DNA, lipids, and proteins in their path. Although some level of oxidation may be beneficial, perhaps mediated by a hormetic response, the extent and types of oxidation detected in neuropathological states would suggest that oxidative stress contributes to a loss of homeostasis and cellular dysfunction. Although there are many targets of oxidants, this review emphasizes protein oxidation with a focus on an important group of redox-sensitive enzymes, the thiol-proteases. Both the direct and the indirect effects of oxidation and their potential importance in neurodegeneration are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodney P Guttmann
- Department of Gerontology, and Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.
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Wang X, Sliwoski GR, Buttner EA. The relevance of Caenorhabditis elegans genetics for understanding human psychiatric disease. Harv Rev Psychiatry 2011; 19:210-8. [PMID: 21790269 DOI: 10.3109/10673229.2011.599185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Noinaj N, Bhasin SK, Song ES, Scoggin KE, Juliano MA, Juliano L, Hersh LB, Rodgers DW. Identification of the allosteric regulatory site of insulysin. PLoS One 2011; 6:e20864. [PMID: 21731629 PMCID: PMC3123307 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0020864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2011] [Accepted: 05/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Insulin degrading enzyme (IDE) is responsible for the metabolism of insulin and plays a role in clearance of the Aβ peptide associated with Alzheimer's disease. Unlike most proteolytic enzymes, IDE, which consists of four structurally related domains and exists primarily as a dimer, exhibits allosteric kinetics, being activated by both small substrate peptides and polyphosphates such as ATP. Principal Findings The crystal structure of a catalytically compromised mutant of IDE has electron density for peptide ligands bound at the active site in domain 1 and a distal site in domain 2. Mutating residues in the distal site eliminates allosteric kinetics and activation by a small peptide, as well as greatly reducing activation by ATP, demonstrating that this site plays a key role in allostery. Comparison of the peptide bound IDE structure (using a low activity E111F IDE mutant) with unliganded wild type IDE shows a change in the interface between two halves of the clamshell-like molecule, which may enhance enzyme activity by altering the equilibrium between closed and open conformations. In addition, changes in the dimer interface suggest a basis for communication between subunits. Conclusions/Significance Our findings indicate that a region remote from the active site mediates allosteric activation of insulysin by peptides. Activation may involve a small conformational change that weakens the interface between two halves of the enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Noinaj
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry and Center for Structural Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Sonia K. Bhasin
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry and Center for Structural Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Eun Suk Song
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry and Center for Structural Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Kirsten E. Scoggin
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry and Center for Structural Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Maria A. Juliano
- Department of Biophysics, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz Juliano
- Department of Biophysics, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Louis B. Hersh
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry and Center for Structural Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - David W. Rodgers
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry and Center for Structural Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Liu Y, Liu L, Lu S, Wang D, Liu X, Xie L, Wang G. Impaired amyloid β-degrading enzymes in brain of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. J Endocrinol Invest 2011; 34:26-31. [PMID: 20414044 DOI: 10.1007/bf03346691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Enzymes that degrade the amyloid β-peptide (Aβ) are important regulators of cerebral Aβ levels. High level of Aβ was found in the brain of diabetic patients and diabetic animals. Aim of the study was to investigate whether activities of Aβ-degrading enzymes neprilysin (NEP), endothelin-converting enzyme 1 (ECE-1) and insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE) were impaired in the brain of diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced in rats by ip administration of 65 mg/kg streptozotocin. The temporal cortex and hippocampus were obtained for activity and mRNA level assays of the three enzymes on the 35th day after induction. ECE-1 activity was significantly decreased both in the hippocampus and cortex of diabetic rats, while for IDE significantly lower activity occurred only in the cortex. NEP activity was slightly decreased in both brain regions. The hippocampus of diabetic rats showed significant decrease in mRNA levels of NEP and ECE-1 and moderate increase in IDE mRNA level. The cortex of diabetic rats showed slight decrease in mRNA levels of the three enzymes. The results indicated that the three Aβ-degrading enzymes were damaged to different extents in the brain of diabetic rats, and impairment of ECE-1 and IDE partly contributed to the elevated Aβ(1-40) levels in brain of diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Liu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
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Polymerization of MIP-1 chemokine (CCL3 and CCL4) and clearance of MIP-1 by insulin-degrading enzyme. EMBO J 2010; 29:3952-66. [PMID: 20959807 DOI: 10.1038/emboj.2010.256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2010] [Accepted: 09/23/2010] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophage inflammatory protein-1 (MIP-1), MIP-1α (CCL3) and MIP-1β (CCL4) are chemokines crucial for immune responses towards infection and inflammation. Both MIP-1α and MIP-1β form high-molecular-weight aggregates. Our crystal structures reveal that MIP-1 aggregation is a polymerization process and human MIP-1α and MIP-1β form rod-shaped, double-helical polymers. Biophysical analyses and mathematical modelling show that MIP-1 reversibly forms a polydisperse distribution of rod-shaped polymers in solution. Polymerization buries receptor-binding sites of MIP-1α, thus depolymerization mutations enhance MIP-1α to arrest monocytes onto activated human endothelium. However, same depolymerization mutations render MIP-1α ineffective in mouse peritoneal cell recruitment. Mathematical modelling reveals that, for a long-range chemotaxis of MIP-1, polymerization could protect MIP-1 from proteases that selectively degrade monomeric MIP-1. Insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE) is identified as such a protease and decreased expression of IDE leads to elevated MIP-1 levels in microglial cells. Our structural and proteomic studies offer a molecular basis for selective degradation of MIP-1. The regulated MIP-1 polymerization and selective inactivation of MIP-1 monomers by IDE could aid in controlling the MIP-1 chemotactic gradient for immune surveillance.
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Gough M, Parr-Sturgess C, Parkin E. Zinc metalloproteinases and amyloid Beta-Peptide metabolism: the positive side of proteolysis in Alzheimer's disease. Biochem Res Int 2010; 2011:721463. [PMID: 21152187 PMCID: PMC2989646 DOI: 10.1155/2011/721463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2010] [Accepted: 09/07/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative condition characterized by an accumulation of toxic amyloid beta- (Aβ-)peptides in the brain causing progressive neuronal death. Aβ-peptides are produced by aspartyl proteinase-mediated cleavage of the larger amyloid precursor protein (APP). In contrast to this detrimental "amyloidogenic" form of proteolysis, a range of zinc metalloproteinases can process APP via an alternative "nonamyloidogenic" pathway in which the protein is cleaved within its Aβ region thereby precluding the formation of intact Aβ-peptides. In addition, other members of the zinc metalloproteinase family can degrade preformed Aβ-peptides. As such, the zinc metalloproteinases, collectively, are key to downregulating Aβ generation and enhancing its degradation. It is the role of zinc metalloproteinases in this "positive side of proteolysis in Alzheimer's disease" that is discussed in the current paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mallory Gough
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, School of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Catherine Parr-Sturgess
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, School of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Edward Parkin
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, School of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK
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Wang S, Wang R, Chen L, Bennett DA, Dickson DW, Wang DS. Expression and functional profiling of neprilysin, insulin-degrading enzyme, and endothelin-converting enzyme in prospectively studied elderly and Alzheimer's brain. J Neurochem 2010; 115:47-57. [PMID: 20663017 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2010.06899.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The brain steady state level of β-amyloid (Aβ) is determined by the balance between its production and removal, the latter through egress across blood and CSF barriers as well as Aβ degradation. The major Aβ-degrading enzymes are neprilysin (NEP), insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE), and endothelin-converting enzyme (ECE-1). Although evidence suggests that NEP is down-regulated in Alzheimer's disease (AD), the role of IDE and ECE in the Aβ accumulation in aging and dementia remains less certain. In this study, we examined mRNA and protein expression, as well as biological activity of NEP, IDE, and ECE-1 in human frontal cortex by real-time RT-PCR for mRNA, immunoblotting for protein, and highly sensitive and specific fluorescence assays for activity. The relationships between Aβ-degrading enzymes and pathologic measures and clinical features were also assessed. The results showed that NEP mRNA, protein level, and activity were decreased in AD compared with normal controls with no cognitive impairment (NCI). In contrast, IDE activity was unchanged, but there was higher expression of IDE mRNA, indicating a possible compensatory reaction because of deficits in activity. ECE-1 expression in AD brain showed no significant difference compared with age-matched controls. Correlation analyses suggested that NEP expression was correlated with Aβ accumulation and clinical diagnosis, being lower in AD than in no cognitive impairment. In contrast, neither IDE nor ECE-1 correlated with Aβ or clinical diagnosis. These findings provide additional support for NEP as the major protease involved in Aβ degradation and suggest its possible therapeutic targeting in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suqing Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
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A highly sensitive peptide substrate for detecting two Aβ-degrading enzymes: Neprilysin and insulin-degrading enzyme. J Neurosci Methods 2010; 190:57-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2010.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2010] [Revised: 04/23/2010] [Accepted: 04/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Bora RP, Prabhakar R. Elucidation of Interactions of Alzheimer Amyloid β Peptides (Aβ40 and Aβ42) with Insulin Degrading Enzyme: A Molecular Dynamics Study. Biochemistry 2010; 49:3947-56. [DOI: 10.1021/bi1002103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ram Prasad Bora
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, Florida 33146
| | - Rajeev Prabhakar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, Florida 33146
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Bartolini M, Andrisano V. Strategies for the Inhibition of Protein Aggregation in Human Diseases. Chembiochem 2010; 11:1018-35. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200900666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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