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Liu C, Liu WH, Yang W, Chen L, Xue Y, Chen XY. GLP-1 modulated the firing activity of nigral dopaminergic neurons in both normal and parkinsonian mice. Neuropharmacology 2024; 252:109946. [PMID: 38599494 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2024.109946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
The spontaneous firing activity of nigral dopaminergic neurons is associated with some important roles including modulation of dopamine release, expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), as well as neuronal survival. The decreased neuroactivity of nigral dopaminergic neurons has been revealed in Parkinson's disease. Central glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) functions as a neurotransmitter or neuromodulator to exert multiple brain functions. Although morphological studies revealed the expression of GLP-1 receptors (GLP-1Rs) in the substantia nigra pars compacta, the possible modulation of GLP-1 on spontaneous firing activity of nigral dopaminergic neurons is unknown. The present extracellular in vivo single unit recordings revealed that GLP-1R agonist exendin-4 significantly increased the spontaneous firing rate and decreased the firing regularity of partial nigral dopaminergic neurons of adult male C57BL/6 mice. Blockade of GLP-1Rs by exendin (9-39) decreased the firing rate of nigral dopaminergic neurons suggesting the involvement of endogenous GLP-1 in the modulation of firing activity. Furthermore, the PKA and the transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) 4/5 channels are involved in activation of GLP-1Rs-induced excitatory effects of nigral dopaminergic neurons. Under parkinsonian state, both the exogenous and endogenous GLP-1 could still induce excitatory effects on the surviving nigral dopaminergic neurons. As the mild excitatory stimuli exert neuroprotective effects on nigral dopaminergic neurons, the present GLP-1-induced excitatory effects may partially contribute to its antiparkinsonian effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China; Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Wen-Hong Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wu Yang
- Department of International Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yan Xue
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xin-Yi Chen
- Department of International Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
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2
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Kang H, Kim J, Park CH, Jeong B, So I. Direct modulation of TRPC ion channels by Gα proteins. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1362987. [PMID: 38384797 PMCID: PMC10880550 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1362987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
GPCR-Gi protein pathways are involved in the regulation of vagus muscarinic pathway under physiological conditions and are closely associated with the regulation of internal visceral organs. The muscarinic receptor-operated cationic channel is important in GPCR-Gi protein signal transduction as it decreases heart rate and increases GI rhythm frequency. In the SA node of the heart, acetylcholine binds to the M2 receptor and the released Gβγ activates GIRK (I(K,ACh)) channel, inducing a negative chronotropic action. In gastric smooth muscle, there are two muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) subtypes, M2 and M3. M2 receptor activates the muscarinic receptor-operated nonselective cationic current (mIcat, NSCC(ACh)) and induces positive chronotropic effect. Meanwhile, M3 receptor induces hydrolysis of PIP2 and releases DAG and IP3. This IP3 increases intracellular Ca2+ and then leads to contraction of GI smooth muscles. The activation of mIcat is inhibited by anti-Gi/o protein antibodies in GI smooth muscle, indicating the involvement of Gαi/o protein in the activation of mIcat. TRPC4 channel is a molecular candidate for mIcat and can be directly activated by constitutively active Gαi QL proteins. TRPC4 and TRPC5 belong to the same subfamily and both are activated by Gi/o proteins. Initial studies suggested that the binding sites for G protein exist at the rib helix or the CIRB domain of TRPC4/5 channels. However, recent cryo-EM structure showed that IYY58-60 amino acids at ARD of TRPC5 binds with Gi3 protein. Considering the expression of TRPC4/5 in the brain, the direct G protein activation on TRPC4/5 is important in terms of neurophysiology. TRPC4/5 channels are also suggested as a coincidence detector for Gi and Gq pathway as Gq pathway increases intracellular Ca2+ and the increased Ca2+ facilitates the activation of TRPC4/5 channels. More complicated situation would occur when GIRK, KCNQ2/3 (IM) and TRPC4/5 channels are co-activated by stimulation of muscarinic receptors at the acetylcholine-releasing nerve terminals. This review highlights the effects of GPCR-Gi protein pathway, including dopamine, μ-opioid, serotonin, glutamate, GABA, on various oragns, and it emphasizes the importance of considering TRPC4/5 channels as crucial players in the field of neuroscience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Kang
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhyeong Kim
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Christine Haewon Park
- Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Byeongseok Jeong
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Insuk So
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Seo JY, Jo HR, Lee SH, Kim DG, Lee H, Kim YL, Choi YI, Jung SJ, Son H. TRPC4 deletion elicits behavioral defects in sociability by dysregulating expression of microRNA-138-2. iScience 2024; 27:108617. [PMID: 38188509 PMCID: PMC10770719 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
To investigate whether the defects in transient receptor potential canonical 4 (TRPC4), which is strongly expressed in the hippocampus, are implicated in ASD, we examined the social behaviors of mice in which Trpc4 was deleted (Trpc4-/-). Trpc4-/- mice displayed the core symptoms of ASD, namely, social disability and repetitive behaviors. In microarray analysis of the hippocampus, microRNA (miR)-138-2, the precursor of miR-138, was upregulated in Trpc4-/- mice. We also found that binding of Matrin3 (MATR3), a selective miR-138-2 binding nuclear protein, to miR-138-2 was prominently enhanced, resulting in the downregulation of miR-138 in Trpc4-/- mice. Some parameters of the social defects and repetitive behaviors in the Trpc4-/- mice were rescued by increased miR-138 levels following miR-138-2 infusion in the hippocampus. Together, these results suggest that Trpc4 regulates some signaling components that oppose the development of social behavioral deficits through miR-138 and provide a potential therapeutic strategy for ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jee Young Seo
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang Biomedical Research Institute, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye-Ryeong Jo
- Hanyang University Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Hoon Lee
- Hanyang University Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Do Gyeong Kim
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang Biomedical Research Institute, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Huiju Lee
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang Biomedical Research Institute, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ye Lim Kim
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang Biomedical Research Institute, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young In Choi
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Jun Jung
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang Biomedical Research Institute, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyeon Son
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang Biomedical Research Institute, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, Korea
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Cohen CF, Roh J, Lee SH, Park CK, Berta T. Targeting Nociceptive Neurons and Transient Receptor Potential Channels for the Treatment of Migraine. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097897. [PMID: 37175602 PMCID: PMC10177956 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Migraine is a neurovascular disorder that affects approximately 12% of the global population. While its exact causes are still being studied, researchers believe that nociceptive neurons in the trigeminal ganglia play a key role in the pain signals of migraine. These nociceptive neurons innervate the intracranial meninges and convey pain signals from the meninges to the thalamus. Targeting nociceptive neurons is considered promising due to their accessibility and distinct molecular profile, which includes the expression of several transient receptor potential (TRP) channels. These channels have been linked to various pain conditions, including migraine. This review discusses the role and mechanisms of nociceptive neurons in migraine, the challenges of current anti-migraine drugs, and the evidence for well-studied and emerging TRP channels, particularly TRPC4, as novel targets for migraine prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinder Faith Cohen
- Pain Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45219, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Jueun Roh
- Pain Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45219, USA
- Department of Physiology, Gachon Pain Center, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hoon Lee
- Pain Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45219, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Chul-Kyu Park
- Department of Physiology, Gachon Pain Center, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
| | - Temugin Berta
- Pain Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45219, USA
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5
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Chang YC, Lo YC, Chang HS, Lin HC, Chiu CC, Chen YF. An efficient cellular image-based platform for high-content screening of neuroprotective agents against chemotherapy-induced neuropathy. Neurotoxicology 2023; 96:118-128. [PMID: 37086979 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2023.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
Abstract
Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a major dose-limiting side effect, with no approved therapy for prevention or treatment. Here, we aimed to establish a high-content image platform based on the neurite outgrowth of dorsal root ganglia (DRG)-derived neuron cells for the discovery of neuroprotective agents against paclitaxel-induced CIPN. ND7/23 cells, an immortalized hybrid DRG cell line, were maturely differentiated by induction with nerve growth factor and upregulation of intracellular cAMP levels. High-content image analyses of the neurofilament-stained neurite network showed that paclitaxel disrupted the neurite outgrowth of well-differentiated ND7/23 DRG neuron cells, recapitulating characteristic effects of paclitaxel on primary cultured DRG neurons. This process coincided with the upregulated activity of store-operated Ca2+ entry, similar to those found in rodent models of paclitaxel-induced CIPN. The previously identified neuroprotective agents, minoxidil and 8-Br-cyclic adenosine monophosphate ribose (8-Br-cADPR), attenuated the reduction in total neurite outgrowth in paclitaxel-damaged ND7/23 cells. Additionally, the total neurite outgrowth of well-differentiated ND7/23 cells was concentration-dependently reduced by the neurotoxic chemotherapeutic agents, oxaliplatin and bortezomib, but not the less neurotoxic 5-fluorouracil. We demonstrated that high-content analyses of neurite morphology in well-differentiated DRG neuron-derived cells provide an effective, reproducible, and high-throughput strategy for developing therapeutics against CIPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Chen Chang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ching Lo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan
| | - Hsun-Shuo Chang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan; Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ching Lin
- Institute of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chih Chiu
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan
| | - Yih-Fung Chen
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan; Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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Interactions between the Polysialylated Neural Cell Adhesion Molecule and the Transient Receptor Potential Canonical Channels 1, 4, and 5 Induce Entry of Ca 2+ into Neurons. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231710027. [PMID: 36077460 PMCID: PMC9456277 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231710027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) plays important functional roles in the developing and mature nervous systems. Here, we show that the transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) ion channels TRPC1, -4, and -5 not only interact with the intracellular domains of the transmembrane isoforms NCAM140 and NCAM180, but also with the glycan polysialic acid (PSA) covalently attached to the NCAM protein backbone. NCAM antibody treatment leads to the opening of TRPC1, -4, and -5 hetero- or homomers at the plasma membrane and to the influx of Ca2+ into cultured cortical neurons and CHO cells expressing NCAM, PSA, and TRPC1 and -4 or TRPC1 and -5. NCAM-stimulated Ca2+ entry was blocked by the TRPC inhibitor Pico145 or the bacterial PSA homolog colominic acid. NCAM-stimulated Ca2+ influx was detectable neither in NCAM-deficient cortical neurons nor in TRPC1/4- or TRPC1/5-expressing CHO cells that express NCAM, but not PSA. NCAM-induced neurite outgrowth was reduced by TRPC inhibitors and a function-blocking TRPC1 antibody. A characteristic signaling feature was that extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 phosphorylation was also reduced by TRPC inhibitors. Our findings indicate that the interaction of NCAM with TRPC1, -4, and -5 contributes to the NCAM-stimulated and PSA-dependent Ca2+ entry into neurons thereby influencing essential neural functions.
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Hansson ML, Chatterjee U, Francis J, Arndt T, Broman C, Johansson J, Sköld MK, Rising A. Artificial spider silk supports and guides neurite extension in vitro. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21896. [PMID: 34634154 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100916r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Surgical intervention with the use of autografts is considered the gold standard to treat peripheral nerve injuries. However, a biomaterial that supports and guides nerve growth would be an attractive alternative to overcome problems with limited availability, morbidity at the site of harvest, and nerve mismatches related to autografts. Native spider silk is a promising material for construction of nerve guidance conduit (NGC), as it enables regeneration of cm-long nerve injuries in sheep, but regulatory requirements for medical devices demand synthetic materials. Here, we use a recombinant spider silk protein (NT2RepCT) and a functionalized variant carrying a peptide derived from vitronectin (VN-NT2RepCT) as substrates for nerve growth support and neurite extension, using a dorsal root ganglion cell line, ND7/23. Two-dimensional coatings were benchmarked against poly-d-lysine and recombinant laminins. Both spider silk coatings performed as the control substrates with regards to proliferation, survival, and neurite growth. Furthermore, NT2RepCT and VN-NT2RepCT spun into continuous fibers in a biomimetic spinning set-up support cell survival, neurite growth, and guidance to an even larger extent than native spider silk. Thus, artificial spider silk is a promising biomaterial for development of NGCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magnus L Hansson
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.,Experimental Traumatology Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicum B8 Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Urmimala Chatterjee
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Juanita Francis
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Tina Arndt
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Christian Broman
- Experimental Traumatology Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicum B8 Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jan Johansson
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Mattias K Sköld
- Experimental Traumatology Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicum B8 Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Neuroscience, Section of Neurosurgery, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anna Rising
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.,Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
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Yow YY, Goh TK, Nyiew KY, Lim LW, Phang SM, Lim SH, Ratnayeke S, Wong KH. Therapeutic Potential of Complementary and Alternative Medicines in Peripheral Nerve Regeneration: A Systematic Review. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092194. [PMID: 34571842 PMCID: PMC8472132 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the progressive advances, current standards of treatments for peripheral nerve injury do not guarantee complete recovery. Thus, alternative therapeutic interventions should be considered. Complementary and alternative medicines (CAMs) are widely explored for their therapeutic value, but their potential use in peripheral nerve regeneration is underappreciated. The present systematic review, designed according to guidelines of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols, aims to present and discuss the current literature on the neuroregenerative potential of CAMs, focusing on plants or herbs, mushrooms, decoctions, and their respective natural products. The available literature on CAMs associated with peripheral nerve regeneration published up to 2020 were retrieved from PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. According to current literature, the neuroregenerative potential of Achyranthes bidentata, Astragalus membranaceus, Curcuma longa, Panax ginseng, and Hericium erinaceus are the most widely studied. Various CAMs enhanced proliferation and migration of Schwann cells in vitro, primarily through activation of MAPK pathway and FGF-2 signaling, respectively. Animal studies demonstrated the ability of CAMs to promote peripheral nerve regeneration and functional recovery, which are partially associated with modulations of neurotrophic factors, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and anti-apoptotic signaling. This systematic review provides evidence for the potential use of CAMs in the management of peripheral nerve injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon-Yen Yow
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Petaling Jaya 47500, Malaysia; (T.-K.G.); (K.-Y.N.); (S.R.)
- Correspondence: (Y.-Y.Y.); (L.-W.L.); (K.-H.W.); Tel.: +603-7491-8622 (Y.-Y.Y.); +852-3917-6830 (L.-W.L.); +603-7967-4729 (K.-H.W.)
| | - Tiong-Keat Goh
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Petaling Jaya 47500, Malaysia; (T.-K.G.); (K.-Y.N.); (S.R.)
| | - Ke-Ying Nyiew
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Petaling Jaya 47500, Malaysia; (T.-K.G.); (K.-Y.N.); (S.R.)
| | - Lee-Wei Lim
- Neuromodulation Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, L4 Laboratory Block, Hong Kong
- Correspondence: (Y.-Y.Y.); (L.-W.L.); (K.-H.W.); Tel.: +603-7491-8622 (Y.-Y.Y.); +852-3917-6830 (L.-W.L.); +603-7967-4729 (K.-H.W.)
| | - Siew-Moi Phang
- Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia;
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Siew-Huah Lim
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia;
| | - Shyamala Ratnayeke
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Petaling Jaya 47500, Malaysia; (T.-K.G.); (K.-Y.N.); (S.R.)
| | - Kah-Hui Wong
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (Y.-Y.Y.); (L.-W.L.); (K.-H.W.); Tel.: +603-7491-8622 (Y.-Y.Y.); +852-3917-6830 (L.-W.L.); +603-7967-4729 (K.-H.W.)
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Lee K, Jo YY, Chung G, Jung JH, Kim YH, Park CK. Functional Importance of Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) Channels in Neurological Disorders. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:611773. [PMID: 33748103 PMCID: PMC7969799 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.611773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are transmembrane protein complexes that play important roles in the physiology and pathophysiology of both the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nerve system (PNS). TRP channels function as non-selective cation channels that are activated by several chemical, mechanical, and thermal stimuli as well as by pH, osmolarity, and several endogenous or exogenous ligands, second messengers, and signaling molecules. On the pathophysiological side, these channels have been shown to play essential roles in the reproductive system, kidney, pancreas, lung, bone, intestine, as well as in neuropathic pain in both the CNS and PNS. In this context, TRP channels have been implicated in several neurological disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and epilepsy. Herein, we focus on the latest involvement of TRP channels, with a special emphasis on the recently identified functional roles of TRP channels in neurological disorders related to the disruption in calcium ion homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kihwan Lee
- Gachon Pain Center and Department of Physiology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Youn Yi Jo
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Gehoon Chung
- Department of Oral Physiology and Program in Neurobiology, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jung Hoon Jung
- Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yong Ho Kim
- Gachon Pain Center and Department of Physiology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Chul-Kyu Park
- Gachon Pain Center and Department of Physiology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, South Korea
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10
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Hwang SM, Lee JY, Park CK, Kim YH. The Role of TRP Channels and PMCA in Brain Disorders: Intracellular Calcium and pH Homeostasis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:584388. [PMID: 33585474 PMCID: PMC7876282 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.584388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain disorders include neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) with different conditions that primarily affect the neurons and glia in the brain. However, the risk factors and pathophysiological mechanisms of NDs have not been fully elucidated. Homeostasis of intracellular Ca2+ concentration and intracellular pH (pHi) is crucial for cell function. The regulatory processes of these ionic mechanisms may be absent or excessive in pathological conditions, leading to a loss of cell death in distinct regions of ND patients. Herein, we review the potential involvement of transient receptor potential (TRP) channels in NDs, where disrupted Ca2+ homeostasis leads to cell death. The capability of TRP channels to restore or excite the cell through Ca2+ regulation depending on the level of plasma membrane Ca2+ ATPase (PMCA) activity is discussed in detail. As PMCA simultaneously affects intracellular Ca2+ regulation as well as pHi, TRP channels and PMCA thus play vital roles in modulating ionic homeostasis in various cell types or specific regions of the brain where the TRP channels and PMCA are expressed. For this reason, the dysfunction of TRP channels and/or PMCA under pathological conditions disrupts neuronal homeostasis due to abnormal Ca2+ and pH levels in the brain, resulting in various NDs. This review addresses the function of TRP channels and PMCA in controlling intracellular Ca2+ and pH, which may provide novel targets for treating NDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Min Hwang
- Gachon Pain Center, Department of Physiology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Ji Yeon Lee
- Gil Medical Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Chul-Kyu Park
- Gachon Pain Center, Department of Physiology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Yong Ho Kim
- Gachon Pain Center, Department of Physiology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, South Korea
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Dzreyan VA, Rodkin SV, Pitinova MA, Uzdensky AB. HDAC1 Expression, Histone Deacetylation, and Protective Role of Sodium Valproate in the Rat Dorsal Root Ganglia After Sciatic Nerve Transection. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:217-228. [PMID: 32914392 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02126-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nerve injury is an important reason of human disability and death. We studied the role of histone deacetylation in the response of the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) cells to sciatic nerve transection. Sciatic nerve transection in the rat thigh induced overexpression of histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) in the ipsilateral DRG at 1-4 h after axotomy. In the DRG neurons, HDAC1 initially upregulated at 1 h but then redistributed from the nuclei to the cytoplasm at 4 h after axotomy. Histone H3 was deacetylated at 24 h after axotomy. Deacetylation of histone H4, accumulation of amyloid precursor protein, a nerve injury marker, and GAP-43, an axon regeneration marker, were observed in the axotomized DRG on day 7. Neuronal injury occurred on day 7 after axotomy along with apoptosis of DRG cells, which were mostly the satellite glial cells remote from the site of sciatic nerve transection. Administration of sodium valproate significantly reduced apoptosis not only in the injured ipsilateral DRG but also in the contralateral ganglion. It also reduced the deacetylation of histones H3 and H4, prevented axotomy-induced accumulation of amyloid precursor protein, which indicated nerve injury, and overexpressed GAP-43, a nerve regeneration marker, in the axotomized DRG. Therefore, HDAC1 was involved in the axotomy-induced injury of DRG neurons and glial cells. HDAC inhibitor sodium valproate demonstrated the neuroprotective activity in the axotomized DRG.
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Affiliation(s)
- V A Dzreyan
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Southern Federal University, 194/1 Stachky Ave, Rostov-on-Don, 344090, Russia
| | - S V Rodkin
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Southern Federal University, 194/1 Stachky Ave, Rostov-on-Don, 344090, Russia
| | - M A Pitinova
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Southern Federal University, 194/1 Stachky Ave, Rostov-on-Don, 344090, Russia
| | - Anatoly B Uzdensky
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Southern Federal University, 194/1 Stachky Ave, Rostov-on-Don, 344090, Russia.
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12
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Vinayagam D, Quentin D, Yu-Strzelczyk J, Sitsel O, Merino F, Stabrin M, Hofnagel O, Yu M, Ledeboer MW, Nagel G, Malojcic G, Raunser S. Structural basis of TRPC4 regulation by calmodulin and pharmacological agents. eLife 2020; 9:e60603. [PMID: 33236980 PMCID: PMC7735759 DOI: 10.7554/elife.60603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Canonical transient receptor potential channels (TRPC) are involved in receptor-operated and/or store-operated Ca2+ signaling. Inhibition of TRPCs by small molecules was shown to be promising in treating renal diseases. In cells, the channels are regulated by calmodulin (CaM). Molecular details of both CaM and drug binding have remained elusive so far. Here, we report structures of TRPC4 in complex with three pyridazinone-based inhibitors and CaM. The structures reveal that all the inhibitors bind to the same cavity of the voltage-sensing-like domain and allow us to describe how structural changes from the ligand-binding site can be transmitted to the central ion-conducting pore of TRPC4. CaM binds to the rib helix of TRPC4, which results in the ordering of a previously disordered region, fixing the channel in its closed conformation. This represents a novel CaM-induced regulatory mechanism of canonical TRP channels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dennis Quentin
- Department of Structural Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute of Molecular PhysiologyDortmundGermany
| | - Jing Yu-Strzelczyk
- Department of Neurophysiology, Physiological Institute, Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgWürzburgGermany
| | - Oleg Sitsel
- Department of Structural Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute of Molecular PhysiologyDortmundGermany
| | - Felipe Merino
- Department of Structural Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute of Molecular PhysiologyDortmundGermany
| | - Markus Stabrin
- Department of Structural Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute of Molecular PhysiologyDortmundGermany
| | - Oliver Hofnagel
- Department of Structural Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute of Molecular PhysiologyDortmundGermany
| | | | | | - Georg Nagel
- Department of Neurophysiology, Physiological Institute, Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgWürzburgGermany
| | | | - Stefan Raunser
- Department of Structural Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute of Molecular PhysiologyDortmundGermany
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13
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Haberberger RV, Barry C, Matusica D. Immortalized Dorsal Root Ganglion Neuron Cell Lines. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:184. [PMID: 32636736 PMCID: PMC7319018 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.00184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pain is one of the most significant causes of suffering and disability world-wide, and arguably the most burdensome global health challenge. The growing number of patients suffering from chronic pain conditions such as fibromyalgia, complex regional pain syndrome, migraine and irritable bowel syndrome, not only reflect the complexity and heterogeneity of pain types, but also our lack of understanding of the underlying mechanisms. Sensory neurons within the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) have emerged as viable targets for effective chronic pain therapy. However, DRG's contain different classes of primary sensory neurons including pain-associated nociceptive neurons, non-nociceptive temperature sensing, mechanosensory and chemoreceptive neurons, as well as multiple types of immune and endothelial cells. This cell-population heterogeneity makes investigations of individual subgroups of DRG neurons, such as nociceptors, difficult. In attempts to overcome some of these difficulties, a limited number of immortalized DRG-derived cell lines have been generated over the past few decades. In vitro experiments using DRG-derived cell lines have been useful in understanding sensory neuron function. In addition to retaining phenotypic similarities to primary cultured DRG neurons, these cells offer greater suitability for high throughput assays due to ease of culture, maintenance, growth efficiency and cost-effectiveness. For accurate interpretation and translation of results it is critical, however, that phenotypic similarities and differences of DRG-derived cells lines are methodically compared to native neurons. Published reports to date show notable variability in how these DRG-derived cells are maintained and differentiated. Understanding the cellular and molecular differences stemming from different culture methods, is essential to validate past and future experiments, and enable these cells to be used to their full potential. This review describes currently available DRG-derived cell lines, their known sensory and nociceptor specific molecular profiles, and summarize their morphological features related to differentiation and neurite outgrowth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rainer Viktor Haberberger
- Anatomy & Histology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Health & Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Christine Barry
- Anatomy & Histology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Health & Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Dusan Matusica
- Anatomy & Histology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Health & Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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14
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Ardhani R, Ana ID, Tabata Y. Gelatin hydrogel membrane containing carbonate hydroxyapatite for nerve regeneration scaffold. J Biomed Mater Res A 2020; 108:2491-2503. [PMID: 32418269 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A scaffold that mimics physicochemical structure of nerve and supplies calcium ions in axonal environment is an attractive alternative for nerve regeneration, especially when applied in critical nerve defect. Various scaffold material, design, including their combination with several growth-induced substances and cells application have been being investigated and used in the area of nerve tissue engineering. However, the development remains challenges today because they are still far from ideal concerning their stability, reproducibility, including complicated handling related to the poor mechanical strength. In view of the current basis, in this study, the introduction of carbonated hydroxyapatite (CHA) as promising candidate to increase mechanical properties of nerve scaffold is reported. The incorporation of CHA was not only expected to provide better mechanical properties of the scaffold. Under physiological condition, CHA is known to be the most stable phases of calcium phosphate compound. Therefore, CHA was expected to provide controlled release calcium for better axonal environment and promote fasten nerve regeneration. This study shows that CHA incorporated gelatin membrane has ideal microstructure to prevent fibrous tissue ingrowth into the injury site, while retaining its capability to survive nerve tissue by allowing adequate glucose and specific proteins diffusion. The provided Ca2+ release to the environment promoted neuronal growth, without suppressing acetylcholine esterase release activity. Neurite elongation was dramatically higher in the gelatin membrane incorporated with CHA. Introduction of CHA into gelatin membrane represents a new generation medical device for nerve reconstruction, with CHA was considered as a promising factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Retno Ardhani
- Department of Dental Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Ika Dewi Ana
- Department of Dental Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Yasuhiko Tabata
- Laboratory of Biomaterials, Department of Regeneration Science and Engineering Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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15
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Hong C, Jeong B, Park HJ, Chung JY, Lee JE, Kim J, Shin YC, So I. TRP Channels as Emerging Therapeutic Targets for Neurodegenerative Diseases. Front Physiol 2020; 11:238. [PMID: 32351395 PMCID: PMC7174697 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of treatment for neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is facing medical challenges due to the increasingly aging population. However, some pharmaceutical companies have ceased the development of therapeutics for NDs, and no new treatments for NDs have been established during the last decade. The relationship between ND pathogenesis and risk factors has not been completely elucidated. Herein, we review the potential involvement of transient receptor potential (TRP) channels in NDs, where oxidative stress and disrupted Ca2+ homeostasis consequently lead to neuronal apoptosis. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) -sensitive TRP channels can be key risk factors as polymodal sensors, since progressive late onset with secondary pathological damage after initial toxic insult is one of the typical characteristics of NDs. Recent evidence indicates that the dysregulation of TRP channels is a missing link between disruption of Ca2+ homeostasis and neuronal loss in NDs. In this review, we discuss the latest findings regarding TRP channels to provide insights into the research and quests for alternative therapeutic candidates for NDs. As the structures of TRP channels have recently been revealed by cryo-electron microscopy, it is necessary to develop new TRP channel antagonists and reevaluate existing drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chansik Hong
- Department of Physiology, Chosun University School of Medicine, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Byeongseok Jeong
- Department of Physiology, Chosun University School of Medicine, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Hyung Joon Park
- Department of Physiology, Chosun University School of Medicine, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Ji Yeon Chung
- Department of Neurology, Chosun University School of Medicine, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Jung Eun Lee
- Department of Physiology and Institute of Dermatological Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jinsung Kim
- Department of Physiology and Institute of Dermatological Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young-Cheul Shin
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Insuk So
- Department of Physiology and Institute of Dermatological Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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16
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Canonical Transient Receptor Potential (TRPC) Channels in Nociception and Pathological Pain. Neural Plast 2020; 2020:3764193. [PMID: 32273889 PMCID: PMC7115173 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3764193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic pathological pain is one of the most intractable clinical problems faced by clinicians and can be devastating for patients. Despite much progress we have made in understanding chronic pain in the last decades, its underlying mechanisms remain elusive. It is assumed that abnormal increase of calcium levels in the cells is a key determinant in the transition from acute to chronic pain. Exploring molecular players mediating Ca2+ entry into cells and molecular mechanisms underlying activity-dependent changes in Ca2+ signaling in the somatosensory pain pathway is therefore helpful towards understanding the development of chronic, pathological pain. Canonical transient receptor potential (TRPC) channels form a subfamily of nonselective cation channels, which permit the permeability of Ca2+ and Na+ into the cells. Initiation of Ca2+ entry pathways by these channels triggers the development of many physiological and pathological functions. In this review, we will focus on the functional implication of TRPC channels in nociception with the elucidation of their role in the detection of external stimuli and nociceptive hypersensitivity.
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17
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Differential regulation of TRP channel gene and protein expression by intervertebral disc degeneration and back pain. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18889. [PMID: 31827137 PMCID: PMC6906425 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55212-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration and consequent low back pain (LBP) are common and costly pathological processes that require improved treatment strategies. Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) channels constitute a family of multimodal ion channels that have recently emerged as contributors to disc pathologies and were thus proposed as potential therapeutic targets, although limited data on their presence and function in the IVD exist. The purpose of this study was to determine the mRNA and protein expression of TRP channels in non-degenerated and degenerated human IVD tissue (with different pain intensity and chronicity) using gene array, conventional qPCR and immunohistochemistry. We could demonstrate that 26 out of 28 currently known TRP channels are expressed in the IVD on the mRNA level, thereby revealing novel therapeutic candidates from the TRPC, TRPM and TRPML subfamilies. TRPC6, TRPM2 and TRPML1 displayed enhanced gene and protein expression in degenerated IVDs as compared to non-degenerated IVDs. Additionally, the gene expression of TRPC6 and TRPML1 was influenced by the IVD degeneration grade. Pain intensity and/or chronicity influenced the gene and/or protein expression of TRPC6, TRPM2 and TRML1. Interestingly, decreased gene expression of TRPM2 was observed in patients treated with steroids. This study supports the importance of TRP channels in IVD homeostasis and pathology and their possible application as pharmacological targets for the treatment of IVD degeneration and LBP. However, the exact function and activation of the highlighted TRP channels will have to be determined in future studies.
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18
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Redox TRPs in diabetes and diabetic complications: Mechanisms and pharmacological modulation. Pharmacol Res 2019; 146:104271. [PMID: 31096011 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels have shown to be involved in a wide variety of physiological functions and pathophysiological conditions. Modulation of TRP channels reported to play a major role in number of disorders starting from central nervous system related disorders to cardiovascular, inflammatory, cancer, gastrointestinal and metabolic diseases. Recently, a subset of TRP ion channels called redox TRPs gained importance on account of their ability to sense the cellular redox environment and respond accordingly to such redox stimuli. Diabetes, the silent epidemic of the world is increasing at an alarming rate in spite of novel therapeutic interventions. Moreover, diabetes and its associated complications are reported to arise due to a change in oxidative status of cell induced by hyperglycemia. Such a change in cellular oxidative status can modulate the activities of various redox TRP channels (TRPA1, TRPC5, TRPMs and TRPV1). Targeting redox TRPs have potential in diabetes and diabetic complications like neuropathy, cardiomyopathy, retinopathy, cystopathy, and encephalopathy. Thus in this review, we have discussed the activities of different redox sensing TRPs in diabetes and diabetic complications and how they can be modulated pharmacologically, so as to consider them a potential novel therapeutic target in treating diabetes and its comorbidity.
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19
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Sharma S, Hopkins CR. Review of Transient Receptor Potential Canonical (TRPC5) Channel Modulators and Diseases. J Med Chem 2019; 62:7589-7602. [PMID: 30943030 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) channels are highly homologous, nonselective cation channels that form many homo- and heterotetrameric channels. These channels are highly abundant in the brain and kidney and have been implicated in numerous diseases, such as depression, addiction, and chronic kidney disease, among others. Historically, there have been very few selective modulators of the TRPC family in order to fully understand their role in disease despite their physiological significance. However, that has changed recently and there has been a significant increase in interest in this family of channels which has led to the emergence of selective tool compounds, and even preclinical drug candidates, over the past few years. This review will cover these new advancements in the discovery of TRPC modulators and the emergence of newly reported structural information which will undoubtedly lead to even greater advancements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swagat Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy , University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha , Nebraska 68198-6125 , United States
| | - Corey R Hopkins
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy , University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha , Nebraska 68198-6125 , United States
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20
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Photopharmacology and opto-chemogenetics of TRPC channels-some therapeutic visions. Pharmacol Ther 2019; 200:13-26. [PMID: 30974125 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Non-selective cation conductances formed by transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) proteins govern the function and fate of a wide range of human cell types. In the past decade, evidence has accumulated for a pivotal role of these channels in human diseases, raising substantial interest in their therapeutic targeting. As yet, an appreciable number of small molecules for block and modulation of recombinant TRPC conductances have been identified. However, groundbreaking progress in TRPC pharmacology towards therapeutic applications is lagging behind due to incomplete understanding of their molecular pharmacology and their exact role in disease. A major breakthrough that is expected to overcome these hurdles is the recent success in obtaining high-resolution structure information on TRPC channel complexes and the advent of TRP photopharmacology and optogenetics. Here, we summarize current concepts of enhancing the precision of therapeutic interference with TRPC signaling and TRPC-mediated pathological processes.
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21
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Emerging Roles of Diacylglycerol-Sensitive TRPC4/5 Channels. Cells 2018; 7:cells7110218. [PMID: 30463370 PMCID: PMC6262340 DOI: 10.3390/cells7110218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential classical or canonical 4 (TRPC4) and TRPC5 channels are members of the classical or canonical transient receptor potential (TRPC) channel family of non-selective cation channels. TRPC4 and TRPC5 channels are widely accepted as receptor-operated cation channels that are activated in a phospholipase C-dependent manner, following the Gq/11 protein-coupled receptor activation. However, their precise activation mechanism has remained largely elusive for a long time, as the TRPC4 and TRPC5 channels were considered as being insensitive to the second messenger diacylglycerol (DAG) in contrast to the other TRPC channels. Recent findings indicate that the C-terminal interactions with the scaffolding proteins Na+/H+ exchanger regulatory factor 1 and 2 (NHERF1 and NHERF2) dynamically regulate the DAG sensitivity of the TRPC4 and TRPC5 channels. Interestingly, the C-terminal NHERF binding suppresses, while the dissociation of NHERF enables, the DAG sensitivity of the TRPC4 and TRPC5 channels. This leads to the assumption that all of the TRPC channels are DAG sensitive. The identification of the regulatory function of the NHERF proteins in the TRPC4/5-NHERF protein complex offers a new starting point to get deeper insights into the molecular basis of TRPC channel activation. Future studies will have to unravel the physiological and pathophysiological functions of this multi-protein channel complex.
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22
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Vinayagam D, Mager T, Apelbaum A, Bothe A, Merino F, Hofnagel O, Gatsogiannis C, Raunser S. Electron cryo-microscopy structure of the canonical TRPC4 ion channel. eLife 2018; 7:e36615. [PMID: 29717981 PMCID: PMC5951680 DOI: 10.7554/elife.36615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Canonical transient receptor channels (TRPC) are non-selective cation channels. They are involved in receptor-operated Ca2+ signaling and have been proposed to act as store-operated channels (SOC). Their malfunction is related to cardiomyopathies and their modulation by small molecules has been shown to be effective against renal cancer cells. The molecular mechanism underlying the complex activation and regulation is poorly understood. Here, we report the electron cryo-microscopy structure of zebrafish TRPC4 in its unliganded (apo), closed state at an overall resolution of 3.6 Å. The structure reveals the molecular architecture of the cation conducting pore, including the selectivity filter and lower gate. The cytoplasmic domain contains two key hubs that have been shown to interact with modulating proteins. Structural comparisons with other TRP channels give novel insights into the general architecture and domain organization of this superfamily of channels and help to understand their function and pharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas Mager
- Department of Biophysical ChemistryMax Planck Institute of BiophysicsFrankfurt am MainGermany
| | - Amir Apelbaum
- Department of Structural BiochemistryMax Planck Institute of Molecular PhysiologyDortmundGermany
| | - Arne Bothe
- Department of Structural BiochemistryMax Planck Institute of Molecular PhysiologyDortmundGermany
| | - Felipe Merino
- Department of Structural BiochemistryMax Planck Institute of Molecular PhysiologyDortmundGermany
| | - Oliver Hofnagel
- Department of Structural BiochemistryMax Planck Institute of Molecular PhysiologyDortmundGermany
| | - Christos Gatsogiannis
- Department of Structural BiochemistryMax Planck Institute of Molecular PhysiologyDortmundGermany
| | - Stefan Raunser
- Department of Structural BiochemistryMax Planck Institute of Molecular PhysiologyDortmundGermany
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23
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Stress Increases Peripheral Axon Growth and Regeneration through Glucocorticoid Receptor-Dependent Transcriptional Programs. eNeuro 2017; 4:eN-NWR-0246-17. [PMID: 28828403 PMCID: PMC5563843 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0246-17.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Stress and glucocorticoid (GC) release are common behavioral and hormonal responses to injury or disease. In the brain, stress/GCs can alter neuron structure and function leading to cognitive impairment. Stress and GCs also exacerbate pain, but whether a corresponding change occurs in structural plasticity of sensory neurons is unknown. Here, we show that in female mice (Mus musculus) basal GC receptor (Nr3c1, also known as GR) expression in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) sensory neurons is 15-fold higher than in neurons in canonical stress-responsive brain regions (M. musculus). In response to stress or GCs, adult DRG neurite growth increases through mechanisms involving GR-dependent gene transcription. In vivo, prior exposure to an acute systemic stress increases peripheral nerve regeneration. These data have broad clinical implications and highlight the importance of stress and GCs as novel behavioral and circulating modifiers of neuronal plasticity.
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24
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Neuronal cytoskeletal gene dysregulation and mechanical hypersensitivity in a rat model of Rett syndrome. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E6952-E6961. [PMID: 28760966 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1618210114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Children with Rett syndrome show abnormal cutaneous sensitivity. The precise nature of sensory abnormalities and underlying molecular mechanisms remain largely unknown. Rats with methyl-CpG binding protein 2 (MeCP2) mutation, characteristic of Rett syndrome, show hypersensitivity to pressure and cold, but hyposensitivity to heat. They also show cutaneous hyperinnervation by nonpeptidergic sensory axons, which include subpopulations encoding noxious mechanical and cold stimuli, whereas peptidergic thermosensory innervation is reduced. MeCP2 knockdown confined to dorsal root ganglion sensory neurons replicated this phenotype in vivo, and cultured MeCP2-deficient ganglion neurons showed augmented axonogenesis. Transcriptome analysis revealed dysregulation of genes associated with cytoskeletal dynamics, particularly those controlling actin polymerization and focal-adhesion formation necessary for axon growth and mechanosensory transduction. Down-regulation of these genes by topoisomerase inhibition prevented abnormal axon sprouting. We identified eight key affected genes controlling actin signaling and adhesion formation, including members of the Arhgap, Tiam, and cadherin families. Simultaneous virally mediated knockdown of these genes in Rett rats prevented sensory hyperinnervation and reversed mechanical hypersensitivity, indicating a causal role in abnormal outgrowth and sensitivity. Thus, MeCP2 regulates ganglion neuronal genes controlling cytoskeletal dynamics, which in turn determines axon outgrowth and mechanosensory function and may contribute to altered pain sensitivity in Rett syndrome.
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25
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Sukumaran P, Sun Y, Schaar A, Selvaraj S, Singh BB. TRPC Channels and Parkinson's Disease. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 976:85-94. [PMID: 28508315 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-024-1088-4_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder, which involves degeneration of dopaminergic neurons that are present in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) region. Many factors have been identified that could lead to Parkinson's disease; however, almost all of them are directly or indirectly dependent on Ca2+ signaling. Importantly, though disturbances in Ca2+ homeostasis have been implicated in Parkinson's disease and other neuronal diseases, the identity of the calcium channel remains elusive. Members of the transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) channel family have been identified as a new class of Ca2+ channels, and it could be anticipated that these channels could play important roles in neurodegenerative diseases, especially in PD. Thus, in this chapter we have entirely focused on TRPC channels and elucidated its role in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pramod Sukumaran
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, 58201, USA
| | - Yuyang Sun
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, 58201, USA
| | - Anne Schaar
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, 58201, USA
| | - Senthil Selvaraj
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, 58201, USA
| | - Brij B Singh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, 58201, USA.
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26
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Lee KI, Lin HC, Lee HT, Tsai FC, Lee TS. Loss of Transient Receptor Potential Ankyrin 1 Channel Deregulates Emotion, Learning and Memory, Cognition, and Social Behavior in Mice. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:3606-3617. [PMID: 27194300 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-9908-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) channel is a non-selective cation channel that helps regulate inflammatory pain sensation and nociception and the development of inflammatory diseases. However, the potential role of the TRPA1 channel and the underlying mechanism in brain functions are not fully resolved. In this study, we demonstrated that genetic deletion of the TRPA1 channel in mice or pharmacological inhibition of its activity increased neurite outgrowth. In vivo study in mice provided evidence of the TRPA1 channel as a negative regulator in hippocampal functions; functional ablation of the TRPA1 channel in mice enhanced hippocampal functions, as evidenced by less anxiety-like behavior, and enhanced fear-related or spatial learning and memory, and novel location recognition as well as social interactions. However, the TRPA1 channel appears to be a prerequisite for motor function; functional loss of the TRPA1 channel in mice led to axonal bundle fragmentation, downregulation of myelin basic protein, and decreased mature oligodendrocyte population in the brain, for impaired motor function. The TRPA1 channel may play a crucial role in neuronal development and oligodendrocyte maturation and be a potential regulator in emotion, cognition, learning and memory, and social behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-I Lee
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 11211, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ching Lin
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 11211, Taiwan
| | - Hsueh-Te Lee
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Chuan Tsai
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzong-Shyuan Lee
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 11211, Taiwan. .,Genome Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Rohacs T. Phosphoinositide signaling in somatosensory neurons. Adv Biol Regul 2016; 61:2-16. [PMID: 26724974 PMCID: PMC4884561 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2015.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Revised: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Somatosensory neurons of the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and trigeminal ganglia (TG) are responsible for detecting thermal and tactile stimuli. They are also the primary neurons mediating pain and itch. A large number of cell surface receptors in these neurons couple to phospholipase C (PLC) enzymes leading to the hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2] and the generation of downstream signaling molecules. These neurons also express many different ion channels, several of which are regulated by phosphoinositides. This review will summarize the knowledge on phosphoinositide signaling in DRG neurons, with special focus on effects on sensory and other ion channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tibor Rohacs
- Rutgers, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA.
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Transient Receptor Potential Canonical 7 (TRPC7), a Calcium (Ca(2+)) Permeable Non-selective Cation Channel. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 898:251-64. [PMID: 27161232 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-26974-0_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential canonical subfamily, member 7 (TRPC7) is the most recently identified member of the TRPC family of Ca(2+)-permeable non-selective cation channels. The gene encoding the TRPC7 channel plasma membrane protein was first cloned from mouse brain. TRPC7 mRNA and protein have been detected in cell types derived from multiple organ systems from various species including humans. Gq-coupled protein receptor activation is the predominant mode of TRPC7 activation. Lipid metabolites involved in the phospholipase C (PLC) signaling pathway, including diacylglycerol (DAG) and its precursor the phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2), have been shown to be direct regulators of TRPC7 channel. TRPC7 channels have been linked to the regulation of various cellular functions however, the depth of our understanding of TRPC7 channel function and regulation is limited in comparison to other TRP channel family members. This review takes a historical look at our current knowledge of TRPC7 mechanisms of activation and its role in cellular physiology and pathophysiology.
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Acute Treatment with a Novel TRPC4/C5 Channel Inhibitor Produces Antidepressant and Anxiolytic-Like Effects in Mice. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0136255. [PMID: 26317356 PMCID: PMC4552833 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) channels are widely expressed in brain and involved in various aspects of brain function. Both TRPC4 and TRPC5 have been implicated in innate fear function, which represents a key response to environmental stress. However, to what extent the TRPC4/C5 channels are involved in psychiatric disorders remains unexplored. Here, we tested the antidepressant and anxiolytic-like effects of a newly identified TRPC4/C5 inhibitor, M084. We show that a single intraperitoneal administration of M084 at 10 mg/kg body weight to C57BL/6 male mice significantly shortened the immobility time in forced swim test and tail suspension test within as short as 2 hours. The M084-treated mice spent more time exploring in illuminated and open areas in light/dark transition test and elevated plus maze test. In mice subjected to chronic unpredictable stress, M084 treatment reversed the enhanced immobility time in forced swim test and decreased the latency to feed in novelty suppressed feeding test. The treatment of M084 increased BDNF expression in both mRNA and protein levels, as well as phosphorylation levels of AKT and ERK, in prefrontal cortex. Our results indicate that M084 exerts rapid antidepressant and anxiolytic-like effects at least in part by acting on BDNF and its downstream signaling. We propose M084 as a lead compound for further druggability research.
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Ca(2+) signaling initiated by canonical transient receptor potential channels in dendritic development. Neurosci Bull 2015; 31:351-6. [PMID: 25732528 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-014-1511-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The spatial patterns of dendritic structures diverge in different types of neurons as adaptations to their unique functions. Although different intracellular mechanisms underlying dendritic morphogenesis have been suggested, it is evident that the elevation in intracellular Ca(2+) levels plays a major role in the process. Canonical transient receptor potential (TRPC) channels, known to be non-selective Ca(2+)-permeable cation channels, act as environmental detectors to sense and transduce extracellular signals into different intracellular responses, including the regulation of dendritic growth, via Ca(2+) influx. Here, we review recent advances in the understanding of Ca(2+) signaling, especially signals mediated by Ca(2+) influx via TRPC channels, and the underlying molecular events in dendritic development.
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Zhang H, Verkman AS. Aquaporin-1 water permeability as a novel determinant of axonal regeneration in dorsal root ganglion neurons. Exp Neurol 2015; 265:152-9. [PMID: 25585012 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2015.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2014] [Revised: 12/06/2014] [Accepted: 01/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons transduce peripheral pain signals through small-diameter, non-myelinated C-fibers, which, when injured, can regenerate to restore pain sensation. Water channel aquaporin-1 (AQP1) is expressed at the plasma membrane of cell bodies and axons of DRG neurons, where it modulates the sensing of certain types of pain. Here, we found that AQP1 is also involved in DRG axonal growth and regeneration by a mechanism that may involve water transport-facilitated extension of axonal outgrowths. Spontaneous and nerve growth factor-stimulated axonal extension was reduced in cultures of AQP1-deficient DRG neurons and DRG explants compared to the wildtype. Axonal growth in AQP1-deficient DRG cultures was rescued by transfection with AQP1 or a different water-transporting AQP (AQP4), but not by a non-water-transporting AQP1 mutant. Following sciatic nerve compression injury AQP1 expression was increased in DRG neurons in wildtype mice, and DRG axonal growth was impaired in AQP1-deficient mice. Our results indicate AQP1 as a novel determinant of DRG axonal regeneration and hence a potential therapeutic target to accelerate neuronal regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zhang
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - A S Verkman
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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Zeng C, Tian F, Xiao B. TRPC Channels: Prominent Candidates of Underlying Mechanism in Neuropsychiatric Diseases. Mol Neurobiol 2014; 53:631-647. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-014-9004-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Miyako E, Russier J, Mauro M, Cebrian C, Yawo H, Ménard-Moyon C, Hutchison JA, Yudasaka M, Iijima S, De Cola L, Bianco A. Photofunctional Nanomodulators for Bioexcitation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201407169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Miyako E, Russier J, Mauro M, Cebrian C, Yawo H, Ménard-Moyon C, Hutchison JA, Yudasaka M, Iijima S, De Cola L, Bianco A. Photofunctional Nanomodulators for Bioexcitation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:13121-5. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201407169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Revised: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Zhang X, Beckel JM, Daugherty SL, Wang T, Woodcock SR, Freeman BA, de Groat WC. Activation of TRPC channels contributes to OA-NO2-induced responses in guinea-pig dorsal root ganglion neurons. J Physiol 2014; 592:4297-312. [PMID: 25128576 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2014.271783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Effects of nitro-oleic acid (OA-NO2) on TRP channels were examined in guinea-pig dissociated dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons using calcium imaging and patch clamp techniques. OA-NO2 increased intracellular Ca(2+) in 60-80% DRG neurons. 1-Oleoyl-2acetyl-sn-glycerol (OAG), a TRPC agonist, elicited responses in 36% of OA-NO2-sensitive neurons while capsaicin (TRPV1 agonist) or allyl-isothiocyanate (AITC, TRPA1 agonist) elicited responses in only 16% and 10%, respectively, of these neurons. A TRPV1 antagonist (diarylpiperazine, 5 μm) in combination with a TRPA1 antagonist (HC-030031, 30 μm) did not change the amplitude of the Ca(2+) transients or percentage of neurons responding to OA-NO2; however, a reducing agent DTT (50 mm) or La(3+) (50 μm) completely abolished OA-NO2 responses. OA-NO2 also induced a transient inward current associated with a membrane depolarization followed by a prolonged outward current and hyperpolarization in 80% of neurons. The reversal potentials of inward and outward currents were approximately -20 mV and -60 mV, respectively. Inward current was reduced when extracellular Na(+) was absent, but unchanged by niflumic acid (100 μm), a Cl(-) channel blocker. Outward current was abolished in the absence of extracellular Ca(2+) or a combination of two Ca(2+)-activated K(+) channel blockers (iberiotoxin, 100 nm and apamin, 1 μm). BTP2 (1 or 10 μm), a broad spectrum TRPC antagonist, or La(3+) (50 μm) completely abolished OA-NO2 currents. RT-PCR performed on mRNA extracted from DRGs revealed the expression of all seven subtypes of TRPC channels. These results support the hypothesis that OA-NO2 activates TRPC channels other than the TRPV1 and TRPA1 channels already known to be targets in rat and mouse sensory neurons and challenge the prevailing view that electrophilic compounds act specifically on TRPA1 or TRPV1 channels. The modulation of sensory neuron excitability via actions on multiple TRP channels can contribute to the anti-inflammatory effect of OA-NO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiulin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250032, P. R. China
| | - Jonathan M Beckel
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA Department of Anesthesiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Stephanie L Daugherty
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Ting Wang
- Center for Pain Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Stephen R Woodcock
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Bruce A Freeman
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - William C de Groat
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
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Zhang QP, Zhang HY, Zhang XF, Zhao JH, Ma ZJ, Zhao D, Yi XN. srGAP3 promotes neurite outgrowth of dorsal root ganglion neurons by inactivating RAC1. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2014; 7:630-638. [DOI: 10.1016/s1995-7645(14)60106-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Revised: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Nilius B, Szallasi A. Transient Receptor Potential Channels as Drug Targets: From the Science of Basic Research to the Art of Medicine. Pharmacol Rev 2014; 66:676-814. [DOI: 10.1124/pr.113.008268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 348] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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38
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Chen D, Yu SP, Wei L. Ion channels in regulation of neuronal regenerative activities. Transl Stroke Res 2014; 5:156-62. [PMID: 24399572 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-013-0320-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Revised: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The regeneration of the nervous system is achieved by the regrowth of damaged neuronal axons, the restoration of damaged nerve cells, and the generation of new neurons to replace those that have been lost. In the central nervous system, the regenerative ability is limited by various factors including damaged oligodendrocytes that are essential for neuronal axon myelination, an emerging glial scar, and secondary injury in the surrounding areas. Stem cell transplantation therapy has been shown to be a promising approach to treat neurodegenerative diseases because of the regenerative capability of the stem cells that secrete neurotrophic factors and give rise to differentiated progeny. However, some issues of stem cell transplantation, such as survival, homing, and efficiency of neural differentiation after transplantation, still need to be improved. Ion channels allow for the exchange of ions between the intra- and extracellular spaces or between the cytoplasm and organelles. These ion channels maintain the ion homeostasis in the brain and play a key role in regulating the physiological function of the nervous system and allowing the processing of neuronal signals. In seeking a potential strategy to enhance the efficacy of stem cell therapy in neurological and neurodegenerative diseases, this review briefly summarizes the roles of ion channels in cell proliferation, differentiation, migration, chemotropic axon guidance of growth cones, and axon outgrowth after injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, 101 Woodruff Circle, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
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A rat knockout model implicates TRPC4 in visceral pain sensation. Neuroscience 2014; 262:165-75. [PMID: 24388923 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.12.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2013] [Revised: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Acute and chronic pain resulting from injury, surgery, or disease afflicts >100 million Americans each year, having a severe impact on mood, mental health, and quality of life. The lack of structural and functional information for most ion channels, many of which play key roles in the detection and transmission of noxious stimuli, means that there remain unidentified therapeutic targets for pain management. This study focuses on the transient receptor potential canonical subfamily 4 (TRPC4) ion channel, which is involved in the tissue-specific and stimulus-dependent regulation of intracellular Ca²⁺ signaling. Rats with a transposon-mediated TRPC4-knockout mutation displayed tolerance to visceral pain induced by colonic mustard oil (MO) exposure, but not somatic or neuropathic pain stimuli. Moreover, wild-type rats treated with a selective TRPC4 antagonist (ML-204) prior to MO exposure mimicked the behavioral responses observed in TRPC4-knockout rats. Significantly, ML-204 inhibited visceral pain-related behavior in a dose-dependent manner without noticeable adverse effects. These data provide evidence that TRPC4 is required for detection and/or transmission of colonic MO visceral pain sensation. In the future, inhibitors of TRPC4 signaling may provide a highly promising path for the development of first-in-class therapeutics for this visceral pain, which may have fewer side effects and less addictive potential than opioid derivatives.
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40
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Zhang X, Trebak M. Transient receptor potential canonical 7: a diacylglycerol-activated non-selective cation channel. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2014; 222:189-204. [PMID: 24756707 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-54215-2_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential canonical 7 (TRPC7) channel is the seventh member of the mammalian TRPC channel family. TRPC7 mRNA, protein, and channel activity have been detected in many tissues and organs from the mouse, rat, and human. TRPC7 has high sequence homology with TRPC3 and TRPC6, and all three channels are activated by membrane receptors that couple to isoforms of phospholipase C (PLC) and mediate non-selective cation currents. TRPC7, along with TRPC3 and TRPC6, can be activated by direct exogenous application of diacylglycerol (DAG) analogues and by pharmacological maneuvers that increase endogenous DAG in cells. TRPC7 shows distinct properties of activation, such as constitutive activity and susceptibility to negative regulation by extracellular Ca(2+) and by protein kinase C. TRPC7 can form heteromultimers with TRPC3 and TRPC6. Although TRPC7 remains one of the least studied TRPC channel, its role in various cell types and physiological and pathophysiological conditions is beginning to emerge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuexin Zhang
- Nanobioscience Constellation, The State University of New York (SUNY), College of Nanoscale Science and Engineering (CNSE), 257 Fuller Road, Albany, NY, 12203, USA
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Abstract
TRPC4 proteins comprise six transmembrane domains, a putative pore-forming region, and an intracellularly located amino- and carboxy-terminus. Among eleven splice variants identified so far, TRPC4α and TRPC4β are the most abundantly expressed and functionally characterized. TRPC4 is expressed in various organs and cell types including the soma and dendrites of numerous types of neurons; the cardiovascular system including endothelial, smooth muscle, and cardiac cells; myometrial and skeletal muscle cells; kidney; and immune cells such as mast cells. Both recombinant and native TRPC4-containing channels differ tremendously in their permeability and other biophysical properties, pharmacological modulation, and mode of activation depending on the cellular environment. They vary from inwardly rectifying store-operated channels with a high Ca(2+) selectivity to non-store-operated channels predominantly carrying Na(+) and activated by Gαq- and/or Gαi-coupled receptors with a complex U-shaped current-voltage relationship. Thus, individual TRPC4-containing channels contribute to agonist-induced Ca(2+) entry directly or indirectly via depolarization and activation of voltage-gated Ca(2+) channels. The differences in channel properties may arise from variations in the composition of the channel complexes, in the specific regulatory pathways in the corresponding cell system, and/or in the expression pattern of interaction partners which comprise other TRPC proteins to form heteromultimeric channels. Additional interaction partners of TRPC4 that can mediate the activity of TRPC4-containing channels include (1) scaffolding proteins (e.g., NHERF) that may mediate interactions with signaling molecules in or in close vicinity to the plasma membrane such as Gα proteins or phospholipase C and with the cytoskeleton, (2) proteins in specific membrane microdomains (e.g., caveolin-1), or (3) proteins on cellular organelles (e.g., Stim1). The diversity of TRPC4-containing channels hampers the development of specific agonists or antagonists, but recently, ML204 was identified as a blocker of both recombinant and endogenous TRPC4-containing channels with an IC50 in the lower micromolar range that lacks activity on most voltage-gated channels and other TRPs except TRPC5 and TRPC3. Lanthanides are specific activators of heterologously expressed TRPC4- and TRPC5-containing channels but can block individual native TRPC4-containing channels. The biological relevance of TRPC4-containing channels was demonstrated by knockdown of TRPC4 expression in numerous native systems including gene expression, cell differentiation and proliferation, formation of myotubes, and axonal regeneration. Studies of TRPC4 single and TRPC compound knockout mice uncovered their role for the regulation of vascular tone, endothelial permeability, gastrointestinal contractility and motility, neurotransmitter release, and social exploratory behavior as well as for excitotoxicity and epileptogenesis. Recently, a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the Trpc4 gene was associated with a reduced risk for experience of myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Freichel
- Pharmakologisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 366, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany,
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Nedungadi TP, Cunningham JT. Differential regulation of TRPC4 in the vasopressin magnocellular system by water deprivation and hepatic cirrhosis in the rat. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2013; 306:R304-14. [PMID: 24352411 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00388.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential canonical subtype 4 (TRPC4) is expressed in the magnocellular paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and supraoptic nucleus (SON) of the hypothalamus. In this study, the regulation of TRPC4 expression was investigated in water deprivation and hepatic cirrhosis. We used laser capture microdissection technique for precise dissection of pure AVP cell population in the PVN and SON followed by quantitative real-time RT-PCR, and immunodetection techniques by Western blot analysis and immunofluorescence. Bile duct ligation elevated TRPC4 transcripts in the SON but not PVN with correlated changes in the protein expression in these regions, as well as increased colocalization with AVP in the SON, with no changes in the PVN. Water deprivation resulted in increased TRPC4 mRNA expression in the PVN, while it decreased channel expression levels in the SON. In both of these regions, protein expression measured from tissue punches were unaltered following water deprivation, with no changes in the number of TRPC4-positive cells. Thus, TRPC4 expression is differentially regulated in physiological and pathophysiological models of vasopressin release.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Prashant Nedungadi
- Department of Integrative Physiology, and Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Centre at Fort Worth, Fort Worth, Texas
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Stock C, Ludwig FT, Hanley PJ, Schwab A. Roles of ion transport in control of cell motility. Compr Physiol 2013; 3:59-119. [PMID: 23720281 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c110056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cell motility is an essential feature of life. It is essential for reproduction, propagation, embryonic development, and healing processes such as wound closure and a successful immune defense. If out of control, cell motility can become life-threatening as, for example, in metastasis or autoimmune diseases. Regardless of whether ciliary/flagellar or amoeboid movement, controlled motility always requires a concerted action of ion channels and transporters, cytoskeletal elements, and signaling cascades. Ion transport across the plasma membrane contributes to cell motility by affecting the membrane potential and voltage-sensitive ion channels, by inducing local volume changes with the help of aquaporins and by modulating cytosolic Ca(2+) and H(+) concentrations. Voltage-sensitive ion channels serve as voltage detectors in electric fields thus enabling galvanotaxis; local swelling facilitates the outgrowth of protrusions at the leading edge while local shrinkage accompanies the retraction of the cell rear; the cytosolic Ca(2+) concentration exerts its main effect on cytoskeletal dynamics via motor proteins such as myosin or dynein; and both, the intracellular and the extracellular H(+) concentration modulate cell migration and adhesion by tuning the activity of enzymes and signaling molecules in the cytosol as well as the activation state of adhesion molecules at the cell surface. In addition to the actual process of ion transport, both, channels and transporters contribute to cell migration by being part of focal adhesion complexes and/or physically interacting with components of the cytoskeleton. The present article provides an overview of how the numerous ion-transport mechanisms contribute to the various modes of cell motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Stock
- Institute of Physiology II, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
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Jeon JP, Roh SE, Wie J, Kim J, Kim H, Lee KP, Yang D, Jeon JH, Cho NH, Kim IG, Kang DE, Kim HJ, So I. Activation of TRPC4β by Gαi subunit increases Ca2+ selectivity and controls neurite morphogenesis in cultured hippocampal neuron. Cell Calcium 2013; 54:307-19. [PMID: 24011658 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2013.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2012] [Revised: 07/27/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The ubiquitous transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) channels function as non-selective, Ca(2+)-permeable channels. TRPC channels are activated by stimulation of Gαq-PLC-coupled receptors. Here, we report that TRPC4/TRPC5 can be activated by Gαi. We studied the essential role of Gαi subunits in TRPC4 activation and investigated changes in ion selectivity and pore dilation of the TRPC4 channel elicited by the Gαi2 subunit. Activation of TRPC4 by Gαi2 increased Ca2+ permeability and Ca2+ influx through TRPC4 channels. Co-expression of the muscarinic receptor (M2) and TRPC4 in HEK293 cells induced TRPC4-mediated Ca2+ influx. Moreover, both TRPC4β and the TRPC4β-Gαi2 signaling complex induced inhibition of neurite growth and arborization in cultured hippocampal neurons. Cells treated with KN-93, a CaMKII inhibitor, prevented TRPC4- and TRPC4-Gαi2(Q205L)-mediated inhibition of neurite branching and growth. These findings indicate an essential role of Gαi proteins in TRPC4 activation and extend our knowledge of the functional role of TRPC4 in hippocampal neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Pyo Jeon
- Department of Physiology and Institute of Dermatological Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Republic of Korea
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Boudes M, Uvin P, Pinto S, Freichel M, Birnbaumer L, Voets T, De Ridder D, Vennekens R. Crucial role of TRPC1 and TRPC4 in cystitis-induced neuronal sprouting and bladder overactivity. PLoS One 2013; 8:e69550. [PMID: 23922735 PMCID: PMC3726658 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0069550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE During cystitis, increased innervation of the bladder by sensory nerves may contribute to bladder overactivity and pain. The mechanisms whereby cystitis leads to hyperinnervation of the bladder are, however, poorly understood. Since TRP channels have been implicated in the guidance of growth cones and survival of neurons, we investigated their involvement in the increases in bladder innervation and bladder activity in rodent models of cystitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS To induce bladder hyperactivity, we chronically injected cyclophosphamide in rats and mice. All experiments were performed a week later. We used quantitative transcriptional analysis and immunohistochemistry to determine TRP channel expression on retrolabelled bladder sensory neurons. To assess bladder function and referred hyperalgesia, urodynamic analysis, detrusor strip contractility and Von Frey filament experiments were done in wild type and knock-out mice. RESULTS Repeated cyclophosphamide injections induce a specific increase in the expression of TRPC1 and TRPC4 in bladder-innervating sensory neurons and the sprouting of sensory fibers in the bladder mucosa. Interestingly, cyclophosphamide-treated Trpc1/c4(-/-) mice no longer exhibited increased bladder innervations, and, concomitantly, the development of bladder overactivity was diminished in these mice. We did not observe a difference neither in bladder contraction features of double knock-out animals nor in cyclophosphamide-induced referred pain behavior. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our data suggest that TRPC1 and TRPC4 are involved in the sprouting of sensory neurons following bladder cystitis, which leads to overactive bladder disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Boudes
- Laboratory of Experimental Urology, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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A TRPC1-mediated increase in store-operated Ca2+ entry is required for the proliferation of adult hippocampal neural progenitor cells. Cell Calcium 2012; 51:486-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2012.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2012] [Revised: 04/17/2012] [Accepted: 04/18/2012] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Sun Y, Lim Y, Li F, Liu S, Lu JJ, Haberberger R, Zhong JH, Zhou XF. ProBDNF collapses neurite outgrowth of primary neurons by activating RhoA. PLoS One 2012; 7:e35883. [PMID: 22558255 PMCID: PMC3338794 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0035883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2011] [Accepted: 03/23/2012] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurons extend their dendrites and axons to build functional neural circuits, which are regulated by both positive and negative signals during development. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a positive regulator for neurite outgrowth and neuronal survival but the functions of its precursor (proBDNF) are less characterized. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Here we show that proBDNF collapses neurite outgrowth in murine dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons and cortical neurons by activating RhoA via the p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR). We demonstrated that the receptor proteins for proBDNF, p75NTR and sortilin, were highly expressed in cultured DRG or cortical neurons. ProBDNF caused a dramatic neurite collapse in a dose-dependent manner and this effect was about 500 fold more potent than myelin-associated glycoprotein. Neutralization of endogenous proBDNF by using antibodies enhanced neurite outgrowth in vitro and in vivo, but this effect was lost in p75NTR(-/-) mice. The neurite outgrowth of cortical neurons from p75NTR deficient (p75NTR(-/-)) mice was insensitive to proBDNF. There was a time-dependent reduction of length and number of filopodia in response to proBDNF which was accompanied with a polarized RhoA activation in growth cones. Moreover, proBDNF treatment of cortical neurons resulted in a time-dependent activation of RhoA but not Cdc42 and the effect was absent in p75NTR(-/-) neurons. Rho kinase (ROCK) and the collapsin response mediator protein-2 (CRMP-2) were also involved in the proBDNF action. CONCLUSIONS proBDNF has an opposing role in neurite outgrowth to that of mature BDNF. Our observations suggest that proBDNF collapses neurites outgrowth and filopodial growth cones by activating RhoA through the p75NTR signaling pathway.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport/genetics
- Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport/metabolism
- Animals
- Antibodies/pharmacology
- Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/antagonists & inhibitors
- Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/pharmacology
- Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/physiology
- Cells, Cultured
- Ganglia, Spinal/cytology
- Ganglia, Spinal/drug effects
- Ganglia, Spinal/physiology
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental/physiology
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Nerve Fibers/drug effects
- Nerve Fibers/physiology
- Neurites/drug effects
- Neurites/physiology
- Protein Precursors/pharmacology
- Protein Precursors/physiology
- Pseudopodia/drug effects
- Pseudopodia/physiology
- Receptors, Nerve Growth Factor/deficiency
- Receptors, Nerve Growth Factor/genetics
- Signal Transduction/physiology
- Time-Lapse Imaging
- rho GTP-Binding Proteins/agonists
- rho GTP-Binding Proteins/genetics
- rho GTP-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- rhoA GTP-Binding Protein
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Sun
- Department of Human Physiology and Centre for Neuroscience, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Yoon Lim
- Department of Human Physiology and Centre for Neuroscience, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
- Division of Health Science, Sansom Institute, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Fang Li
- Department of Human Physiology and Centre for Neuroscience, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Shen Liu
- Department of Human Physiology and Centre for Neuroscience, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
- Division of Health Science, Sansom Institute, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Jian-Jun Lu
- Division of Health Science, Sansom Institute, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Rainer Haberberger
- Department of Anatomy and Histology and Centre for Neuroscience, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Jin-Hua Zhong
- Division of Health Science, Sansom Institute, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Xin-Fu Zhou
- Division of Health Science, Sansom Institute, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
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Paez PM, Cheli VT, Ghiani CA, Spreuer V, Handley VW, Campagnoni AT. Golli myelin basic proteins stimulate oligodendrocyte progenitor cell proliferation and differentiation in remyelinating adult mouse brain. Glia 2012; 60:1078-93. [PMID: 22447683 DOI: 10.1002/glia.22336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2012] [Accepted: 03/09/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Golli myelin basic proteins are necessary for normal myelination, acting via voltage and store-dependent Ca(2+) entry at multiple steps during oligodendrocyte progenitor cell (OPC) development. To date nothing is known regarding the role of golli proteins in demyelination or remyelination events. Here the effects of golli ablation and overexpression in myelin loss and recovery were examined using the cuprizone (CPZ) model of demyelination/remyelination. We found severe demyelination in the corpus callosum (CC) of golli-overexpressing mice (JOE) during the CPZ treatment, which was accompanied by an increased number of reactive astrocytes and activation of microglia/macrophages. During demyelination of JOE brains, a significant increase in the number of proliferating OPCs was found in the CC as well as in the subventricular zone, and our data indicate that these progenitors matured and fully remyelinated the CC of JOE animals after CPZ withdrawal. In contrast, in the absence of golli (golli-KO mice) delayed myelin loss associated with a smaller immune response, and a lower number of OPCs was found in these mice during the CPZ treatment. Furthermore, incomplete remyelination was observed after CPZ removal in large areas of the CC of golli-KO mice, reflecting irregular recovery of the oligodendrocyte population and subsequent myelin sheath formation. Our findings demonstrate that golli proteins sensitize mature oligodendrocytes to CPZ-induced demyelination, while at the same time stimulate the proliferation/recruitment of OPCs during demyelination, resulting in accelerated remyelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo M Paez
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095-7332, USA.
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Inoue A, Ohnishi M, Fukutomi C, Kanoh M, Miyauchi M, Takata T, Tsuchiya D, Nishio H. Protein Kinase A-Dependent Substance P Expression by Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide in Rat Sensory Neuronal Cell Line ND7/23 Cells. J Mol Neurosci 2012; 48:541-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s12031-012-9747-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2011] [Accepted: 03/05/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Kumar S, Chakraborty S, Barbosa C, Brustovetsky T, Brustovetsky N, Obukhov AG. Mechanisms controlling neurite outgrowth in a pheochromocytoma cell line: the role of TRPC channels. J Cell Physiol 2012; 227:1408-19. [PMID: 21618530 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.22855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Transient Receptor Potential Canonical (TRPC) channels are implicated in modulating neurite outgrowth. The expression pattern of TRPCs changes significantly during brain development, suggesting that fine-tuning TRPC expression may be important for orchestrating neuritogenesis. To study how alterations in the TRPC expression pattern affect neurite outgrowth, we used nerve growth factor (NGF)-differentiated rat pheochromocytoma 12 (PC12) cells, a model system for neuritogenesis. In PC12 cells, NGF markedly up-regulated TRPC1 and TRPC6 expression, but down-regulated TRPC5 expression while promoting neurite outgrowth. Overexpression of TRPC1 augmented, whereas TRPC5 overexpression decelerated NGF-induced neurite outgrowth. Conversely, shRNA-mediated knockdown of TRPC1 decreased, whereas shRNA-mediated knockdown of TRPC5 increased NGF-induced neurite extension. Endogenous TRPC1 attenuated the anti-neuritogenic effect of overexpressed TRPC5 in part by forming the heteromeric TRPC1-TRPC5 channels. Previous reports suggested that TRPC6 may facilitate neurite outgrowth. However, we found that TRPC6 overexpression slowed down neuritogenesis, whereas dominant negative TRPC6 (DN-TRPC6) facilitated neurite outgrowth in NGF-differentiated PC12 cells. Consistent with these findings, hyperforin, a neurite outgrowth promoting factor, decreased TRPC6 expression in NGF-differentiated PC12 cells. Using pharmacological and molecular biological approaches, we determined that NGF up-regulated TRPC1 and TRPC6 expression via a p75(NTR)-IKK(2)-dependent pathway that did not involve TrkA receptor signaling in PC12 cells. Similarly, NGF up-regulated TRPC1 and TRPC6 via an IKK(2) dependent pathway in primary cultured hippocampal neurons. Thus, our data suggest that a balance of TRPC1, TRPC5, and TRPC6 expression determines neurite extension rate in neural cells, with TRPC6 emerging as an NGF-dependent "molecular damper" maintaining a submaximal velocity of neurite extension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Kumar
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, IUPUI-Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA
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