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Stickel KC, Shah NR, Claeboe ET, Orr KS, Mosley AL, Doud EH, Belecky-Adams TL, Baucum AJ. Mechanisms of spinophilin-dependent pancreas dysregulation in obesity. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2024; 327:E155-E171. [PMID: 38630048 PMCID: PMC11427100 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00099.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Spinophilin is an F-actin binding and protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) targeting protein that acts as a scaffold of PP1 to its substrates. Spinophilin knockout (Spino-/-) mice have decreased fat mass, increased lean mass, and improved glucose tolerance, with no difference in feeding behaviors. Although spinophilin is enriched in neurons, its roles in nonneuronal tissues, such as β cells of the pancreatic islets, are unclear. We have corroborated and expanded upon previous studies to determine that Spino-/- mice have decreased weight gain and improved glucose tolerance in two different models of obesity. We have identified multiple putative spinophilin-interacting proteins isolated from intact pancreas and observed increased interactions of spinophilin with exocrine, ribosomal, and cytoskeletal protein classes that normally act to mediate peptide hormone production, processing, and/or release in Leprdb/db and/or high-fat diet-fed (HFF) models of obesity. In addition, we have found that spinophilin interacts with proteins from similar classes in isolated islets, suggesting a role for spinophilin in the pancreatic islet. Consistent with a pancreatic β cell type-specific role for spinophilin, using our recently described conditional spinophilin knockout mice, we found that loss of spinophilin specifically in pancreatic β cells improved glucose tolerance without impacting body weight in chow-fed mice. Our data further support the role of spinophilin in mediating pathophysiological changes in body weight and whole body metabolism associated with obesity. Our data provide the first evidence that pancreatic spinophilin protein interactions are modulated by obesity and that loss of spinophilin specifically in pancreatic β cells impacts whole body glucose tolerance.NEW & NOTEWORTHY To our knowledge, these data are the first to demonstrate that obesity impacts spinophilin protein interactions in the pancreas and identify spinophilin specifically in pancreatic β cells as a modulator of whole body glucose tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlyn C Stickel
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
| | - Nikhil R Shah
- Medical Neurosciences and Medical Scientist Training Program, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
| | - Emily T Claeboe
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
| | - Kara S Orr
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
| | - Amber L Mosley
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
- Center for Proteome Analysis, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
| | - Emma H Doud
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
- Center for Proteome Analysis, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
| | - Teri L Belecky-Adams
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
| | - Anthony J Baucum
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
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Wang J, Gu R, Kong X, Luan S, Luo YLL. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and post-GWAS analyses of impulsivity: A systematic review. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2024; 132:110986. [PMID: 38430953 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2024.110986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Impulsivity is related to a host of mental and behavioral problems. It is a complex construct with many different manifestations, most of which are heritable. The genetic compositions of these impulsivity manifestations, however, remain unclear. A number of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and post-GWAS analyses have tried to address this issue. We conducted a systematic review of all GWAS and post-GWAS analyses of impulsivity published up to December 2023. Available data suggest that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in more than a dozen of genes (e.g., CADM2, CTNNA2, GPM6B) are associated with different measures of impulsivity at genome-wide significant levels. Post-GWAS analyses further show that different measures of impulsivity are subject to different degrees of genetic influence, share few genetic variants, and have divergent genetic overlap with basic personality traits such as extroversion and neuroticism, cognitive ability, psychiatric disorders, substance use, and obesity. These findings shed light on controversies in the conceptualization and measurement of impulsivity, while providing new insights on the underlying mechanisms that yoke impulsivity to psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 16 Lincui Road, Beijing 100101, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 16 Lincui Road, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Ruolei Gu
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 16 Lincui Road, Beijing 100101, China; Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 16 Lincui Road, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xiangzhen Kong
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China; Department of Psychiatry of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3 Qingchundong Road, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Shenghua Luan
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 16 Lincui Road, Beijing 100101, China; Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 16 Lincui Road, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yu L L Luo
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 16 Lincui Road, Beijing 100101, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 16 Lincui Road, Beijing 100101, China.
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3
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Krishna A, Renu K. Elucidating the Role of Pelargonidin-3-O-Glucoside on C1QL3, CYBB, and CYTIP Involved in Glucose Metabolism: An In Silico Approach. JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND BIOALLIED SCIENCES 2024; 16:S1299-S1303. [PMID: 38882825 PMCID: PMC11174306 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_590_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim The metabolism of glucose is carefully regulated by several chemical elements and plays a critical part in preserving cellular energy balance. Our study investigates possible connections between the essential proteins CYTIP, C1QL3, and CYBB, which are involved in the metabolism of glucose, and pelargonidin, a naturally occurring plant chemical. The underlying mechanisms of pelargonidin's anti-diabetic effects are still unknown. Materials and Methods We examine the binding affinities and possible binding sites between pelargonidin and C1QL3/CYBB AND CYTIP using molecular docking simulations. The results demonstrate favorable docking scores and potential binding sites, suggesting the formation of stable complexes between pelargonidin and the target proteins. Results This finding means that pelargonidin may modulate the function of C1QL3 and CYBB, CYTIP consequently influencing glucose metabolism. Conclusion This study provides a foundation for future experimental investigations to validate the predicted interactions and explore the mechanisms through which pelargonidin affects glucose metabolism. Understanding these molecular interactions could lead to the development of new therapeutic strategies for glucose metabolism and its related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aravind Krishna
- Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kaviyarasi Renu
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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4
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Roy G, Syed R, Lazaro O, Robertson S, McCabe SD, Rodriguez D, Mawla AM, Johnson TS, Kalwat MA. Identification of type 2 diabetes- and obesity-associated human β-cells using deep transfer learning. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.18.576260. [PMID: 38328172 PMCID: PMC10849510 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.18.576260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Diabetes affects >10% of adults worldwide and is caused by impaired production or response to insulin, resulting in chronic hyperglycemia. Pancreatic islet β-cells are the sole source of endogenous insulin and our understanding of β-cell dysfunction and death in type 2 diabetes (T2D) is incomplete. Single-cell RNA-seq data supports heterogeneity as an important factor in β-cell function and survival. However, it is difficult to identify which β-cell phenotypes are critical for T2D etiology and progression. Our goal was to prioritize specific disease-related β-cell subpopulations to better understand T2D pathogenesis and identify relevant genes for targeted therapeutics. To address this, we applied a deep transfer learning tool, DEGAS, which maps disease associations onto single-cell RNA-seq data from bulk expression data. Independent runs of DEGAS using T2D or obesity status identified distinct β-cell subpopulations. A singular cluster of T2D-associated β-cells was identified; however, β-cells with high obese-DEGAS scores contained two subpopulations derived largely from either non-diabetic or T2D donors. The obesity-associated non-diabetic cells were enriched for translation and unfolded protein response genes compared to T2D cells. We selected DLK1 for validation by immunostaining in human pancreas sections from healthy and T2D donors. DLK1 was heterogeneously expressed among β-cells and appeared depleted from T2D islets. In conclusion, DEGAS has the potential to advance our holistic understanding of the β-cell transcriptomic phenotypes, including features that distinguish β-cells in obese non-diabetic or lean T2D states. Future work will expand this approach to additional human islet omics datasets to reveal the complex multicellular interactions driving T2D.
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Röthe J, Kraft R, Ricken A, Kaczmarek I, Matz-Soja M, Winter K, Dietzsch AN, Buchold J, Ludwig MG, Liebscher I, Schöneberg T, Thor D. The adhesion GPCR GPR116/ADGRF5 has a dual function in pancreatic islets regulating somatostatin release and islet development. Commun Biol 2024; 7:104. [PMID: 38228886 PMCID: PMC10791652 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-05783-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Glucose homeostasis is maintained by hormones secreted from different cell types of the pancreatic islets and controlled by manifold input including signals mediated through G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). RNA-seq analyses revealed expression of numerous GPCRs in mouse and human pancreatic islets, among them Gpr116/Adgrf5. GPR116 is an adhesion GPCR mainly found in lung and required for surfactant secretion. Here, we demonstrate that GPR116 is involved in the somatostatin release from pancreatic delta cells using a whole-body as well as a cell-specific knock-out mouse model. Interestingly, the whole-body GPR116 deficiency causes further changes such as decreased beta-cell mass, lower number of small islets, and reduced pancreatic insulin content. Glucose homeostasis in global GPR116-deficient mice is maintained by counter-acting mechanisms modulating insulin degradation. Our data highlight an important function of GPR116 in controlling glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Röthe
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Robert Kraft
- Carl-Ludwig-Institute for Physiology, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Albert Ricken
- Institute of Anatomy, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Isabell Kaczmarek
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Madlen Matz-Soja
- Medical Department II - Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Infectious Diseases, Pneumology, University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
- Division of Hepatology, Clinic and Polyclinic for Oncology, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Infectious Diseases, and Pneumology, University Hospital, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Karsten Winter
- Institute of Anatomy, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - André Nguyen Dietzsch
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Julia Buchold
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Ines Liebscher
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Torsten Schöneberg
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Doreen Thor
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany.
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Saegusa C, Kakegawa W, Miura E, Aimi T, Mogi S, Harada T, Yamashita T, Yuzaki M, Fujioka M. Brain-Specific Angiogenesis Inhibitor 3 Is Expressed in the Cochlea and Is Necessary for Hearing Function in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17092. [PMID: 38069416 PMCID: PMC10707444 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242317092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammalian auditory hair cells transduce sound-evoked traveling waves in the cochlea into nerve stimuli, which are essential for hearing function. Pillar cells located between the inner and outer hair cells are involved in the formation of the tunnel of Corti, which incorporates outer-hair-cell-driven fluid oscillation and basilar membrane movement, leading to the fine-tuned frequency-specific perception of sounds by the inner hair cells. However, the detailed molecular mechanism underlying the development and maintenance of pillar cells remains to be elucidated. In this study, we examined the expression and function of brain-specific angiogenesis inhibitor 3 (Bai3), an adhesion G-protein-coupled receptor, in the cochlea. We found that Bai3 was expressed in hair cells in neonatal mice and pillar cells in adult mice, and, interestingly, Bai3 knockout mice revealed the abnormal formation of pillar cells, with the elevation of the hearing threshold in a frequency-dependent manner. Furthermore, old Bai3 knockout mice showed the degeneration of hair cells and spiral ganglion neurons in the basal turn. The results suggest that Bai3 plays a crucial role in the development and/or maintenance of pillar cells, which, in turn, are necessary for normal hearing function. Our results may contribute to understanding the mechanisms of hearing loss in human patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chika Saegusa
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan;
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Wataru Kakegawa
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; (W.K.); (E.M.); (T.A.); (M.Y.)
| | - Eriko Miura
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; (W.K.); (E.M.); (T.A.); (M.Y.)
| | - Takahiro Aimi
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; (W.K.); (E.M.); (T.A.); (M.Y.)
| | - Sachiyo Mogi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Kitasato University, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan; (S.M.); (T.Y.)
| | - Tatsuhiko Harada
- Department of Otolaryngology, International University of Health and Welfare, Shizuoka 413-0012, Japan;
| | - Taku Yamashita
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Kitasato University, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan; (S.M.); (T.Y.)
| | - Michisuke Yuzaki
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; (W.K.); (E.M.); (T.A.); (M.Y.)
| | - Masato Fujioka
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan;
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Keio University Hospital, Tokyo 162-8582, Japan
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7
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Chen F, Sarver DC, Saqib M, Zhou M, Aja S, Seldin MM, Wong GW. CTRP13 ablation improves systemic glucose and lipid metabolism. Mol Metab 2023; 78:101824. [PMID: 37844630 PMCID: PMC10598410 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2023.101824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Tissue crosstalk mediated by secreted hormones underlies the integrative control of metabolism. We previously showed that CTRP13/C1QL3, a secreted protein of the C1q family, can improve glucose metabolism and insulin action in vitro and reduce food intake and body weight in mice when centrally delivered. A role for CTRP13 in regulating insulin secretion in isolated islets has also been demonstrated. It remains unclear, however, whether the effects of CTRP13 on cultured cells and in mice reflect the physiological function of the protein. Here, we use a loss-of-function mouse model to address whether CTRP13 is required for metabolic homeostasis. METHODS WT and Ctrp13 knockout (KO) mice fed a standard chow or a high-fat diet were subjected to comprehensive metabolic phenotyping. Transcriptomic analyses were carried out on visceral and subcutaneous fat, liver, and skeletal muscle to identify pathways altered by CTRP13 deficiency. RNA-seq data was further integrated with the Metabolic Syndrome in Man (METSIM) cohort data. Adjusted regression analysis was used to demonstrate that genetic variation of CTRP13 expression accounts for a significant proportion of variance between differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in adipose tissue and metabolic traits in humans. RESULTS Contrary to expectation, chow-fed Ctrp13-KO male mice had elevated physical activity, lower body weight, and improved lipid handling. On a high-fat diet (HFD), Ctrp13-KO mice of either sex were consistently more active and leaner. Loss of CTRP13 reduced hepatic glucose output and improved glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, and triglyceride clearance, though with notable sex differences. Consistent with the lean phenotype, transcriptomic analyses revealed a lower inflammatory profile in visceral fat and liver. Reduced hepatic steatosis was correlated with the suppression of lipid synthesis and enhanced lipid catabolism gene expression. Visceral fat had the largest number of DEGs and mediation analyses on the human orthologs of the DEGs suggested the potential causal contribution of CTRP13 to human metabolic syndrome. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that CTRP13 is a negative metabolic regulator, and its deficiency improves systemic metabolic profiles. Our data also suggest the reduction in circulating human CTRP13 levels seen in obesity and diabetes may reflect a compensatory physiologic response to counteract insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangluo Chen
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Dylan C Sarver
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Muzna Saqib
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mingqi Zhou
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, USA; Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, USA
| | - Susan Aja
- Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Marcus M Seldin
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, USA; Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, USA
| | - G William Wong
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Rahman MM, Pathak A, Schueler KL, Alsharif H, Michl A, Alexander J, Kim JA, Bhatnagar S. Genetic ablation of synaptotagmin-9 alters tomosyn-1 function to increase insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells improving glucose clearance. FASEB J 2023; 37:e23075. [PMID: 37432648 PMCID: PMC10348599 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202300291rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Stimulus-coupled insulin secretion from the pancreatic islet β-cells involves the fusion of insulin granules to the plasma membrane (PM) via SNARE complex formation-a cellular process key for maintaining whole-body glucose homeostasis. Less is known about the role of endogenous inhibitors of SNARE complexes in insulin secretion. We show that an insulin granule protein synaptotagmin-9 (Syt9) deletion in mice increased glucose clearance and plasma insulin levels without affecting insulin action compared to the control mice. Upon glucose stimulation, increased biphasic and static insulin secretion were observed from ex vivo islets due to Syt9 loss. Syt9 colocalizes and binds with tomosyn-1 and the PM syntaxin-1A (Stx1A); Stx1A is required for forming SNARE complexes. Syt9 knockdown reduced tomosyn-1 protein abundance via proteasomal degradation and binding of tomosyn-1 to Stx1A. Furthermore, Stx1A-SNARE complex formation was increased, implicating Syt9-tomosyn-1-Stx1A complex is inhibitory in insulin secretion. Rescuing tomosyn-1 blocked the Syt9-knockdown-mediated increases in insulin secretion. This shows that the inhibitory effects of Syt9 on insulin secretion are mediated by tomosyn-1. We report a molecular mechanism by which β-cells modulate their secretory capacity rendering insulin granules nonfusogenic by forming the Syt9-tomosyn-1-Stx1A complex. Altogether, Syt9 loss in β-cells decreases tomosyn-1 protein abundance, increasing the formation of Stx1A-SNARE complexes, insulin secretion, and glucose clearance. These outcomes differ from the previously published work that identified Syt9 has either a positive or no effect of Syt9 on insulin secretion. Future work using β-cell-specific deletion of Syt9 mice is key for establishing the role of Syt9 in insulin secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Mostafizur Rahman
- Heersink School of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, & Metabolism, Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, 35294
| | - Asmita Pathak
- Heersink School of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, & Metabolism, Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, 35294
| | | | - Haifa Alsharif
- Heersink School of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, & Metabolism, Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, 35294
| | - Ava Michl
- Heersink School of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, & Metabolism, Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, 35294
| | - Justin Alexander
- Heersink School of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, & Metabolism, Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, 35294
| | - Jeong-A Kim
- Heersink School of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, & Metabolism, Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, 35294
| | - Sushant Bhatnagar
- Heersink School of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, & Metabolism, Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, 35294
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9
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Ramanadham S, Turk J, Bhatnagar S. Noncanonical Regulation of cAMP-Dependent Insulin Secretion and Its Implications in Type 2 Diabetes. Compr Physiol 2023; 13:5023-5049. [PMID: 37358504 PMCID: PMC10809800 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c220031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and β-cell dysfunction in insulin resistance associated with obesity lead to type 2 diabetes (T2D). Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) from β-cells occurs via a canonical pathway that involves glucose metabolism, ATP generation, inactivation of K ATP channels, plasma membrane depolarization, and increases in cytosolic concentrations of [Ca 2+ ] c . However, optimal insulin secretion requires amplification of GSIS by increases in cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signaling. The cAMP effectors protein kinase A (PKA) and exchange factor activated by cyclic-AMP (Epac) regulate membrane depolarization, gene expression, and trafficking and fusion of insulin granules to the plasma membrane for amplifying GSIS. The widely recognized lipid signaling generated within β-cells by the β-isoform of Ca 2+ -independent phospholipase A 2 enzyme (iPLA 2 β) participates in cAMP-stimulated insulin secretion (cSIS). Recent work has identified the role of a G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) activated signaling by the complement 1q like-3 (C1ql3) secreted protein in inhibiting cSIS. In the IGT state, cSIS is attenuated, and the β-cell function is reduced. Interestingly, while β-cell-specific deletion of iPLA 2 β reduces cAMP-mediated amplification of GSIS, the loss of iPLA 2 β in macrophages (MØ) confers protection against the development of glucose intolerance associated with diet-induced obesity (DIO). In this article, we discuss canonical (glucose and cAMP) and novel noncanonical (iPLA 2 β and C1ql3) pathways and how they may affect β-cell (dys)function in the context of impaired glucose intolerance associated with obesity and T2D. In conclusion, we provide a perspective that in IGT states, targeting noncanonical pathways along with canonical pathways could be a more comprehensive approach for restoring β-cell function in T2D. © 2023 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 13:5023-5049, 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasanka Ramanadham
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - John Turk
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Sushant Bhatnagar
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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10
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Alsharif H, Latimer MN, Perez KC, Alexander J, Rahman MM, Challa AK, Kim JA, Ramanadham S, Young M, Bhatnagar S. Loss of Brain Angiogenesis Inhibitor-3 (BAI3) G-Protein Coupled Receptor in Mice Regulates Adaptive Thermogenesis by Enhancing Energy Expenditure. Metabolites 2023; 13:711. [PMID: 37367869 PMCID: PMC10301052 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13060711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Effective energy expenditure is critical for maintaining body weight (BW). However, underlying mechanisms contributing to increased BW remain unknown. We characterized the role of brain angiogenesis inhibitor-3 (BAI3/ADGRB3), an adhesion G-protein coupled receptor (aGPCR), in regulating BW. A CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing approach was utilized to generate a whole-body deletion of the BAI3 gene (BAI3-/-). In both BAI3-/- male and female mice, a significant reduction in BW was observed compared to BAI3+/+ control mice. Quantitative magnetic imaging analysis showed that lean and fat masses were reduced in male and female mice with BAI3 deficiency. Total activity, food intake, energy expenditure (EE), and respiratory exchange ratio (RER) were assessed in mice housed at room temperature using a Comprehensive Lab Animal Monitoring System (CLAMS). While no differences were observed in the activity between the two genotypes in male or female mice, energy expenditure was increased in both sexes with BAI3 deficiency. However, at thermoneutrality (30 °C), no differences in energy expenditure were observed between the two genotypes for either sex, suggesting a role for BAI3 in adaptive thermogenesis. Notably, in male BAI3-/- mice, food intake was reduced, and RER was increased, but these attributes remained unchanged in the female mice upon BAI3 loss. Gene expression analysis showed increased mRNA abundance of thermogenic genes Ucp1, Pgc1α, Prdm16, and Elov3 in brown adipose tissue (BAT). These outcomes suggest that adaptive thermogenesis due to enhanced BAT activity contributes to increased energy expenditure and reduced BW with BAI3 deficiency. Additionally, sex-dependent differences were observed in food intake and RER. These studies identify BAI3 as a novel regulator of BW that can be potentially targeted to improve whole-body energy expenditure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifa Alsharif
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (H.A.); (K.C.P.); (J.A.); (M.M.R.); (J.-A.K.)
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Mary N. Latimer
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (M.Y.)
| | - Katherine C. Perez
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (H.A.); (K.C.P.); (J.A.); (M.M.R.); (J.-A.K.)
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Justin Alexander
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (H.A.); (K.C.P.); (J.A.); (M.M.R.); (J.-A.K.)
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Md Mostafizur Rahman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (H.A.); (K.C.P.); (J.A.); (M.M.R.); (J.-A.K.)
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Anil K. Challa
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA;
| | - Jeong-A. Kim
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (H.A.); (K.C.P.); (J.A.); (M.M.R.); (J.-A.K.)
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Sasanka Ramanadham
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Martin Young
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (M.Y.)
| | - Sushant Bhatnagar
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (H.A.); (K.C.P.); (J.A.); (M.M.R.); (J.-A.K.)
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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11
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Peña Palomino PA, Black KC, Ressl S. Pleiotropy of C1QL proteins across physiological systems and their emerging role in synapse homeostasis. Biochem Soc Trans 2023:233015. [PMID: 37140354 DOI: 10.1042/bst20220439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The C1q/TNF superfamily of proteins engages in a pleiotropy of physiological functions associated with various diseases. C1QL proteins demonstrate important protective and regulatory roles in the endocrine, immune, cardiovascular, and nervous systems in both human and rodent studies. Studies in the central nervous system (CNS), adipose, and muscle tissue reveal several C1QL protein and receptor pathways altering multiple cellular responses, including cell fusion, morphology, and adhesion. This review examines C1QL proteins across these systems, summarizing functional and disease associations and highlighting cellular responses based on in vitro and in vivo data, receptor interaction partners, and C1QL-associated protein signaling pathways. We highlight the functions of C1QL proteins in organizing CNS synapses, regulating synapse homeostasis, maintaining excitatory synapses, and mediating signaling and trans-synaptic connections. Yet, while these associations are known, present studies provide insufficient insight into the underlying molecular mechanism of their pleiotropy, including specific protein interactions and functional pathways. Thus, we suggest several areas for more in-depth and interdisciplinary hypothesis testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perla A Peña Palomino
- Department of Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 208047, U.S.A
| | - Kylie C Black
- Department of Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 208047, U.S.A
| | - Susanne Ressl
- Department of Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 208047, U.S.A
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12
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Complement 1q/Tumor Necrosis Factor-Related Proteins (CTRPs): Structure, Receptors and Signaling. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020559. [PMID: 36831095 PMCID: PMC9952994 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Adiponectin and the other 15 members of the complement 1q (C1q)/tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related protein (CTRP) family are secreted proteins composed of an N-terminal variable domain followed by a stalk region and a characteristic C-terminal trimerizing globular C1q (gC1q) domain originally identified in the subunits of the complement protein C1q. We performed a basic PubMed literature search for articles mentioning the various CTRPs or their receptors in the abstract or title. In this narrative review, we briefly summarize the biology of CTRPs and focus then on the structure, receptors and major signaling pathways of CTRPs. Analyses of CTRP knockout mice and CTRP transgenic mice gave overwhelming evidence for the relevance of the anti-inflammatory and insulin-sensitizing effects of CTRPs in autoimmune diseases, obesity, atherosclerosis and cardiac dysfunction. CTRPs form homo- and heterotypic trimers and oligomers which can have different activities. The receptors of some CTRPs are unknown and some receptors are redundantly targeted by several CTRPs. The way in which CTRPs activate their receptors to trigger downstream signaling pathways is largely unknown. CTRPs and their receptors are considered as promising therapeutic targets but their translational usage is still hampered by the limited knowledge of CTRP redundancy and CTRP signal transduction.
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13
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Stickel KC, Mosley AL, Doud EH, Belecky-Adams TL, Baucum AJ. Mechanisms of spinophilin-dependent pancreas dysregulation underlying diabesity. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.07.527495. [PMID: 36798361 PMCID: PMC9934546 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.07.527495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Objective Spinophilin is an F-actin binding and protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) targeting protein that acts as a scaffold of PP1 to its substrates. Spinophilin knockout (Spino-/-) mice have decreased fat mass, increased lean mass, and improved glucose tolerance, with no difference in feeding behaviors. While spinophilin is enriched in neurons, its roles in non-neuronal tissues, such as beta cells of the pancreatic islets, are unclear. Methods & Results We have corroborated and expanded upon previous studies to determine that Spino-/- mice have decreased weight gain and improved glucose tolerance in two different models of obesity. Using proteomics and immunoblotting-based approaches we identified multiple putative spinophilin interacting proteins isolated from intact pancreas and observed increased interactions of spinophilin with exocrine, ribosomal, and cytoskeletal protein classes that mediate peptide hormone production, processing, and/or release in Leprdb/db and/or high fat-fed (HFF) models of obesity. Moreover, loss of spinophilin specifically in pancreatic beta cells improved glucose tolerance without impacting body weight. Conclusion Our data further support a role for spinophilin in mediating pathophysiological changes in body weight and whole-body metabolism associated with obesity and provide the first evidence that spinophilin mediates obesity-dependent pancreatic dysfunction that leads to deficits in glucose homeostasis or diabesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlyn C. Stickel
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Amber L. Mosley
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Center for Proteome Analysis, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine (IUSM), Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Emma H. Doud
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Center for Proteome Analysis, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Teri L. Belecky-Adams
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Anthony J. Baucum
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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14
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Elgamal RM, Kudtarkar P, Melton RL, Mummey HM, Benaglio P, Okino ML, Gaulton KJ. An integrated map of cell type-specific gene expression in pancreatic islets. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.03.526994. [PMID: 36778506 PMCID: PMC9915747 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.03.526994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic islets are comprised of multiple endocrine cell types that produce hormones required for glucose homeostasis, and islet dysfunction is a major factor in the development of type 1 and type 2 diabetes (T1D, T2D). Numerous studies have generated gene expression profiles in individual islet cell types using single cell assays. However, there is no canonical reference of gene expression in islet cell types in both health and disease that is also easily accessible for researchers to access, query, and use in bioinformatics pipelines. Here we present an integrated reference map of islet cell type-specific gene expression from 192,203 cells derived from single cell RNA-seq assays of 65 non-diabetic, T1D autoantibody positive (Aab+), T1D, and T2D donors from the Human Pancreas Analysis Program. We identified 10 endocrine and non-endocrine cell types as well as sub-populations of several cell types, and defined sets of marker genes for each cell type and sub-population. We tested for differential expression within each cell type in T1D Aab+, T1D, and T2D states, and identified 1,701 genes with significant changes in expression in any cell type. Most changes were observed in beta cells in T1D, and, by comparison, there were almost no genes with changes in T1D Aab+. To facilitate user interaction with this reference, we provide the data using several single cell visualization and reference mapping tools as well as open-access analytical pipelines used to create this reference. The results will serve as a valuable resource to investigators studying islet biology and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth M Elgamal
- Biomedical Sciences graduate program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla CA
| | - Parul Kudtarkar
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla CA
| | - Rebecca L Melton
- Biomedical Sciences graduate program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla CA
| | - Hannah M Mummey
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology graduate program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla CA
| | - Paola Benaglio
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla CA
| | - Mei-Lin Okino
- Biomedical Sciences graduate program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla CA
| | - Kyle J Gaulton
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla CA
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15
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Yang MN, Huang R, Zheng T, Dong Y, Wang WJ, Xu YJ, Mehra V, Zhou GD, Liu X, He H, Fang F, Li F, Fan JG, Zhang J, Ouyang F, Briollais L, Li J, Luo ZC. Genome-wide placental DNA methylations in fetal overgrowth and associations with leptin, adiponectin and fetal growth factors. Clin Epigenetics 2022; 14:192. [PMID: 36585686 PMCID: PMC9801645 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-022-01412-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fetal overgrowth "programs" an elevated risk of type 2 diabetes in adulthood. Epigenetic alterations may be a mechanism in programming the vulnerability. We sought to characterize genome-wide alterations in placental gene methylations in fetal overgrowth and the associations with metabolic health biomarkers including leptin, adiponectin and fetal growth factors. RESULTS Comparing genome-wide placental gene DNA methylations in large-for-gestational-age (LGA, an indicator of fetal overgrowth, n = 30) versus optimal-for-gestational-age (OGA, control, n = 30) infants using the Illumina Infinium Human Methylation-EPIC BeadChip, we identified 543 differential methylation positions (DMPs; 397 hypermethylated, 146 hypomethylated) at false discovery rate < 5% and absolute methylation difference > 0.05 after adjusting for placental cell-type heterogeneity, maternal age, pre-pregnancy BMI and HbA1c levels during pregnancy. Twenty-five DMPs annotated to 20 genes (QSOX1, FCHSD2, LOC101928162, ADGRB3, GCNT1, TAP1, MYO16, NAV1, ATP8A2, LBXCOR1, EN2, INCA1, CAMTA2, SORCS2, SLC4A4, RPA3, UMAD1,USP53, OR2L13 and NR3C2) could explain 80% of the birth weight variations. Pathway analyses did not detect any statistically significant pathways after correcting for multiple tests. We validated a newly discovered differentially (hyper-)methylated gene-visual system homeobox 1 (VSX1) in an independent pyrosequencing study sample (LGA 47, OGA 47). Our data confirmed a hypermethylated gene-cadherin 13 (CDH13) reported in a previous epigenome-wide association study. Adiponectin in cord blood was correlated with its gene methylation in the placenta, while leptin and fetal growth factors (insulin, IGF-1, IGF-2) were not. CONCLUSIONS Fetal overgrowth may be associated with a large number of altered placental gene methylations. Placental VSX1 and CDH13 genes are hypermethylated in fetal overgrowth. Placental ADIPOQ gene methylations and fetal circulating adiponectin levels were correlated, suggesting the contribution of placenta-originated adiponectin to cord blood adiponectin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Nan Yang
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children’s Environmental Health, Early Life Health Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092 China ,grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Prosserman Centre for Population Health Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mount Sinai Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, L5-240, Murray Street 60, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5 Canada
| | - Rong Huang
- grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Prosserman Centre for Population Health Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mount Sinai Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, L5-240, Murray Street 60, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5 Canada
| | - Tao Zheng
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092 China
| | - Yu Dong
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children’s Environmental Health, Early Life Health Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092 China
| | - Wen-Juan Wang
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children’s Environmental Health, Early Life Health Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092 China
| | - Ya-Jie Xu
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children’s Environmental Health, Early Life Health Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092 China
| | - Vrati Mehra
- grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Prosserman Centre for Population Health Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mount Sinai Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, L5-240, Murray Street 60, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5 Canada
| | - Guang-Di Zhou
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children’s Environmental Health, Early Life Health Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092 China
| | - Xin Liu
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children’s Environmental Health, Early Life Health Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092 China
| | - Hua He
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children’s Environmental Health, Early Life Health Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092 China
| | - Fang Fang
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children’s Environmental Health, Early Life Health Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092 China
| | - Fei Li
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children’s Environmental Health, Early Life Health Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092 China
| | - Jian-Gao Fan
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Center for Fatty Liver, Shanghai Key Lab of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092 China
| | - Jun Zhang
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children’s Environmental Health, Early Life Health Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092 China
| | - Fengxiu Ouyang
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children’s Environmental Health, Early Life Health Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092 China
| | - Laurent Briollais
- grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Prosserman Centre for Population Health Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mount Sinai Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, L5-240, Murray Street 60, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5 Canada
| | - Jiong Li
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children’s Environmental Health, Early Life Health Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092 China ,grid.7048.b0000 0001 1956 2722Department of Clinical Medicine-Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University, Olof Palmes Allé 43-45, 8200 Aathus, Denmark
| | - Zhong-Cheng Luo
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children’s Environmental Health, Early Life Health Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092 China ,grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Prosserman Centre for Population Health Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mount Sinai Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, L5-240, Murray Street 60, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5 Canada
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16
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Liebscher I, Cevheroğlu O, Hsiao CC, Maia AF, Schihada H, Scholz N, Soave M, Spiess K, Trajković K, Kosloff M, Prömel S. A guide to adhesion GPCR research. FEBS J 2022; 289:7610-7630. [PMID: 34729908 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Adhesion G protein-coupled receptors (aGPCRs) are a class of structurally and functionally highly intriguing cell surface receptors with essential functions in health and disease. Thus, they display a vastly unexploited pharmacological potential. Our current understanding of the physiological functions and signaling mechanisms of aGPCRs form the basis for elucidating further molecular aspects. Combining these with novel tools and methodologies from different fields tailored for studying these unusual receptors yields a powerful potential for pushing aGPCR research from singular approaches toward building up an in-depth knowledge that will facilitate its translation to applied science. In this review, we summarize the state-of-the-art knowledge on aGPCRs in respect to structure-function relations, physiology, and clinical aspects, as well as the latest advances in the field. We highlight the upcoming most pressing topics in aGPCR research and identify strategies to tackle them. Furthermore, we discuss approaches how to promote, stimulate, and translate research on aGPCRs 'from bench to bedside' in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Liebscher
- Division of Molecular Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Leipzig University, Germany
| | | | - Cheng-Chih Hsiao
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - André F Maia
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Portugal.,IBMC - Instituto Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
| | - Hannes Schihada
- C3 Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nicole Scholz
- Division of General Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Leipzig University, Germany
| | - Mark Soave
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, UK.,Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, UK
| | - Katja Spiess
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Katarina Trajković
- Biology of Robustness Group, Mediterranean Institute for Life Sciences, Split, Croatia
| | - Mickey Kosloff
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, The University of Haifa, Israel
| | - Simone Prömel
- Institute of Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
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17
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Lala T, Hall RA. Adhesion G protein-coupled receptors: structure, signaling, physiology, and pathophysiology. Physiol Rev 2022; 102:1587-1624. [PMID: 35468004 PMCID: PMC9255715 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00027.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Adhesion G protein-coupled receptors (AGPCRs) are a family of 33 receptors in humans exhibiting a conserved general structure but diverse expression patterns and physiological functions. The large NH2 termini characteristic of AGPCRs confer unique properties to each receptor and possess a variety of distinct domains that can bind to a diverse array of extracellular proteins and components of the extracellular matrix. The traditional view of AGPCRs, as implied by their name, is that their core function is the mediation of adhesion. In recent years, though, many surprising advances have been made regarding AGPCR signaling mechanisms, activation by mechanosensory forces, and stimulation by small-molecule ligands such as steroid hormones and bioactive lipids. Thus, a new view of AGPCRs has begun to emerge in which these receptors are seen as massive signaling platforms that are crucial for the integration of adhesive, mechanosensory, and chemical stimuli. This review article describes the recent advances that have led to this new understanding of AGPCR function and also discusses new insights into the physiological actions of these receptors as well as their roles in human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trisha Lala
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Randy A Hall
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
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18
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Sreepada A, Tiwari M, Pal K. Adhesion G protein-coupled receptor gluing action guides tissue development and disease. J Mol Med (Berl) 2022; 100:1355-1372. [PMID: 35969283 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-022-02240-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Phylogenetic analysis of human G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) divides these transmembrane signaling proteins into five groups: glutamate, rhodopsin, adhesion, frizzled, and secretin families, commonly abbreviated as the GRAFS classification system. The adhesion GPCR (aGPCR) sub-family comprises 33 different receptors in humans. Majority of the aGPCRs are orphan receptors with unknown ligands, structures, and tissue expression profiles. They have a long N-terminal extracellular domain (ECD) with several adhesion sites similar to integrin receptors. Many aGPCRs undergo autoproteolysis at the GPCR proteolysis site (GPS), enclosed within the larger GPCR autoproteolysis inducing (GAIN) domain. Recent breakthroughs in aGPCR research have created new paradigms for understanding their roles in organogenesis. They play crucial roles in multiple aspects of organ development through cell signaling, intercellular adhesion, and cell-matrix associations. They are involved in essential physiological processes like regulation of cell polarity, mitotic spindle orientation, cell adhesion, and migration. Multiple aGPCRs have been associated with the development of the brain, musculoskeletal system, kidneys, cardiovascular system, hormone secretion, and regulation of immune functions. Since aGPCRs have crucial roles in tissue patterning and organogenesis, mutations in these receptors are often associated with diseases with loss of tissue integrity. Thus, aGPCRs include a group of enigmatic receptors with untapped potential for elucidating novel signaling pathways leading to drug discovery. We summarized the current knowledge on how aGPCRs play critical roles in organ development and discussed how aGPCR mutations/genetic variants cause diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijit Sreepada
- Department of Biology, Ashoka University, Rajiv Gandhi Education City, Sonipat, Haryana, 131029, India
| | - Mansi Tiwari
- Department of Biology, Ashoka University, Rajiv Gandhi Education City, Sonipat, Haryana, 131029, India
| | - Kasturi Pal
- Department of Biology, Ashoka University, Rajiv Gandhi Education City, Sonipat, Haryana, 131029, India.
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19
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Mazur-Michałek I, Ruciński M, Sowiński M, Pietras P, Leśniczak-Staszak M, Szaflarski W, Isalan M, Mielcarek M. Identification of the Transcriptional Biomarkers Panel Linked to Pathological Remodelling of the Eye Tissues in Various HD Mouse Models. Cells 2022; 11:1675. [PMID: 35626712 PMCID: PMC9139483 DOI: 10.3390/cells11101675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Ocular abnormalities are becoming associated with a spectrum of pathological events in various neurodegenerative diseases. Huntington's disease (HD) is just such an example of a fatal neurological disorder, where mutated genes (CAG trinucleotide expansions in the Huntingtin gene) have widespread expression, leading to the production of mutant Huntingtin (mHTT) protein. It is well known that mutant HTT protein is prone to form toxic aggregates, which are a typical pathological feature, along with global transcriptome alterations. In this study, we employed well-established quantitative methods such as Affymetrix arrays and quantitative PCR (qPCR) to identify a set of transcriptional biomarkers that will track HD progression in three well-established mouse models: R6/2, R6/1, and HdhQ150. Our array analysis revealed significantly deregulated networks that are related to visual processes and muscle contractions. Furthermore, our targeted quantitative analysis identified a panel of biomarkers with some being dysregulated even at the presymptomatic stage of the disease, e.g., Opn1mw, Opn1sw, and Pfkfb2. Some of the deregulated genes identified in this study have been linked to other genetic ocular disorders such as: GNAT2, a source of achromatopsia, and REEP6, linked to Retinitis pigmentosa. It may thus be a useful platform for preclinical evaluations of therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Mazur-Michałek
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland; (I.M.-M.); (M.R.); (M.S.); (P.P.); (M.L.-S.); (W.S.)
| | - Marcin Ruciński
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland; (I.M.-M.); (M.R.); (M.S.); (P.P.); (M.L.-S.); (W.S.)
| | - Mateusz Sowiński
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland; (I.M.-M.); (M.R.); (M.S.); (P.P.); (M.L.-S.); (W.S.)
| | - Paulina Pietras
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland; (I.M.-M.); (M.R.); (M.S.); (P.P.); (M.L.-S.); (W.S.)
| | - Marta Leśniczak-Staszak
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland; (I.M.-M.); (M.R.); (M.S.); (P.P.); (M.L.-S.); (W.S.)
| | - Witold Szaflarski
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland; (I.M.-M.); (M.R.); (M.S.); (P.P.); (M.L.-S.); (W.S.)
| | - Mark Isalan
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK;
- Imperial College Centre for Synthetic Biology, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Michal Mielcarek
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK;
- Imperial College Centre for Synthetic Biology, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
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20
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Kaczmarek I, Suchý T, Prömel S, Schöneberg T, Liebscher I, Thor D. The relevance of adhesion G protein-coupled receptors in metabolic functions. Biol Chem 2021; 403:195-209. [PMID: 34218541 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2021-0146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) modulate a variety of physiological functions and have been proven to be outstanding drug targets. However, approximately one-third of all non-olfactory GPCRs are still orphans in respect to their signal transduction and physiological functions. Receptors of the class of Adhesion GPCRs (aGPCRs) are among these orphan receptors. They are characterized by unique features in their structure and tissue-specific expression, which yields them interesting candidates for deorphanization and testing as potential therapeutic targets. Capable of G-protein coupling and non-G protein-mediated function, aGPCRs may extend our repertoire of influencing physiological function. Besides their described significance in the immune and central nervous systems, growing evidence indicates a high importance of these receptors in metabolic tissue. RNAseq analyses revealed high expression of several aGPCRs in pancreatic islets, adipose tissue, liver, and intestine but also in neurons governing food intake. In this review, we focus on aGPCRs and their function in regulating metabolic pathways. Based on current knowledge, this receptor class represents high potential for future pharmacological approaches addressing obesity and other metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabell Kaczmarek
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 30, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tomáš Suchý
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 30, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Simone Prömel
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 30, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Cell Biology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Torsten Schöneberg
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 30, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ines Liebscher
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 30, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Doreen Thor
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 30, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
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21
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Sticco MJ, Peña Palomino PA, Lukacsovich D, Thompson BL, Földy C, Ressl S, Martinelli DC. C1QL3 promotes cell-cell adhesion by mediating complex formation between ADGRB3/BAI3 and neuronal pentraxins. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21194. [PMID: 33337553 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202000351rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Synapses are the fundamental structural unit by which neurons communicate. An orchestra of proteins regulates diverse synaptic functions, including synapse formation, maintenance, and elimination-synapse homeostasis. Some proteins of the larger C1q super-family are synaptic organizers involved in crucial neuronal processes in various brain regions. C1Q-like (C1QL) proteins bind to the adhesion G protein-coupled receptor B3 (ADGRB3) and act at synapses in a subset of circuits. To investigate the hypothesis that the secreted C1QL proteins mediate tripartite trans-synaptic adhesion complexes, we conducted an in vivo interactome study and identified new binding candidates. We demonstrate that C1QL3 mediates a novel cell-cell adhesion complex involving ADGRB3 and two neuronal pentraxins, NPTX1 and NPTXR. Analysis of single-cell RNA-Seq data from the cerebral cortex shows that C1ql3, Nptx1, and Nptxr are highly co-expressed in the same excitatory neurons. Thus, our results suggest the possibility that in vivo the three co-expressed proteins are presynaptically secreted and form a complex capable of binding to postsynaptically localized ADGRB3, thereby creating a novel trans-synaptic adhesion complex. Identifying new binding partners for C1QL proteins and deciphering their underlying molecular principles will accelerate our understanding of their role in synapse organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Sticco
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Perla A Peña Palomino
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - David Lukacsovich
- Laboratory of Neural Connectivity, Brain Research Institute, Faculties of Medicine and Science, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Brianna L Thompson
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Csaba Földy
- Laboratory of Neural Connectivity, Brain Research Institute, Faculties of Medicine and Science, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Susanne Ressl
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - David C Martinelli
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,The Connecticut Institute for the Brain and Cognitive Sciences (IBACS), Storrs, CT, USA
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22
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Sarver DC, Stewart AN, Rodriguez S, Little HC, Aja S, Wong GW. Loss of CTRP4 alters adiposity and food intake behaviors in obese mice. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2020; 319:E1084-E1100. [PMID: 33017221 PMCID: PMC7792665 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00448.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Central and peripheral mechanisms are both required for proper control of energy homeostasis. Among circulating plasma proteins, C1q/TNF-related proteins (CTRPs) have recently emerged as important regulators of sugar and fat metabolism. CTRP4, expressed in brain and adipose tissue, is unique among the family members in having two tandem globular C1q domains. We previously showed that central administration of recombinant CTRP4 suppresses food intake, suggesting a central nervous system role in regulating ingestive physiology. Whether this effect is pharmacological or physiological remains unclear. We used a loss-of-function knockout (KO) mouse model to clarify the physiological role of CTRP4. Under basal conditions, CTRP4 deficiency increased serum cholesterol levels and impaired glucose tolerance in male but not female mice fed a control low-fat diet. When challenged with a high-fat diet, male and female KO mice responded differently to weight gain and had different food intake patterns. On an obesogenic diet, male KO mice had similar weight gain as wild-type littermates. When fed ad libitum, KO male mice had greater meal number, shorter intermeal interval, and reduced satiety ratio. Female KO mice, in contrast, had lower body weight and adiposity. In the refeeding period following food deprivation, female KO mice had significantly higher food intake due to longer meal duration and reduced satiety ratio. Collectively, our data provide genetic evidence for a sex-dependent physiological role of CTRP4 in modulating food intake patterns and systemic energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan C Sarver
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ashley N Stewart
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Susana Rodriguez
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Hannah C Little
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Susan Aja
- Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - G William Wong
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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23
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Bondarev AD, Attwood MM, Jonsson J, Chubarev VN, Tarasov VV, Schiöth HB. Opportunities and challenges for drug discovery in modulating Adhesion G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) functions. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2020; 15:1291-1307. [DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2020.1791075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrey D. Bondarev
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
- Department Of Neuroscience, Functional Pharmacology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Misty M. Attwood
- Department Of Neuroscience, Functional Pharmacology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jörgen Jonsson
- Department Of Neuroscience, Functional Pharmacology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Vladimir N. Chubarev
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vadim V. Tarasov
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Helgi B. Schiöth
- Department Of Neuroscience, Functional Pharmacology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
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24
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Röthe J, Thor D, Winkler J, Knierim AB, Binder C, Huth S, Kraft R, Rothemund S, Schöneberg T, Prömel S. Involvement of the Adhesion GPCRs Latrophilins in the Regulation of Insulin Release. Cell Rep 2020; 26:1573-1584.e5. [PMID: 30726739 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin secretion from pancreatic β cells is a highly complex and tightly regulated process. Its dysregulation is one characteristic of type 2 diabetes, and thus, an in-depth understanding of the mechanisms controlling insulin secretion is essential for rational therapeutic intervention. G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) have been established as major regulators of insulin exocytosis. Recent studies also suggest the involvement of adhesion GPCRs, a non-prototypical class of GPCRs. Here, we identify latrophilins, which belong to the class of adhesion GPCRs, to be highly expressed in different cell types of pancreatic islets. In vitro and ex vivo analyses show that distinct splice variants of the latrophilin LPHN3/ADGRL3 decrease insulin secretion from pancreatic β cells by reducing intracellular cyclic AMP levels via the Gi-mediated pathway. Our data highlight the key role of LPHN3 in modulating insulin secretion and its potential as therapeutic target for type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Röthe
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Leipzig University Medical Center, IFB AdiposityDiseases, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Doreen Thor
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Jana Winkler
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Alexander B Knierim
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Leipzig University Medical Center, IFB AdiposityDiseases, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Claudia Binder
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sandra Huth
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Robert Kraft
- Carl Ludwig Institute for Physiology, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sven Rothemund
- Core Unit Peptide Technologies, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Torsten Schöneberg
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Simone Prömel
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
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25
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Li S, Shi B, Huang K, Wang Y. Different intracellular signalling sensitivity and cell behaviour of porcine insulin with aging. Peptides 2020; 127:170278. [PMID: 32109654 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2020.170278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Insulin has many important biological functions. Insulin interacts with the insulin receptor (IR) to play its physiological role and execute its functions. Here, we isolated porcine hepatocytes from young and aged pigs, which endogenously express the IR, as a model to study the intracellular signalling properties and cellular behaviour of insulin with aging. Firstly, we analysed the intracellular signal transduction that is triggered by insulin in porcine hepatocytes that were isolated from young and aged pigs and found that insulin can strongly activate insulin receptor subunit (IRS), protein kinase B (AKT), and GSK in a time- and dose-dependent manner in hepatocytes from young pigs. On the contrary, the signalling response to insulin in hepatocytes from aged pigs was significantly reduced compared to that of the young pig. Secondly, the different subcellular locations of insulin/insulin receptor (IR) may result in different biological activities, although nuclear-localized insulin/IR still could exhibit important functions and roles. We found that insulin can translocate into cell nuclei in the hepatocytes of the young pigs; however, insulin/insulin receptor fails to transports into the cell nucleus in hepatocytes from aged pigs, although insulin/insulin receptor could internalize into cell cytoplasm. In summary, in the current study, we explored and compared for the first time insulin's behaviour and signalling properties in the cells of young pig hepatocytes and aged pig hepatocytes. Furthermore, we found that the insulin signalling response in hepatocytes was significantly reduced with age; more importantly, we found that the cell behaviour of insulin was changed significantly in the hepatocytes from aged pigs compared to young pigs, and it is noteworthy that insulin/IR cannot translocate into the cell nuclei in the hepatocytes from the aged pig. This may be a potential new reason contributing to insulin resistance with aging, suggesting that we need to study the reason for insulin resistance from a new point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shichun Li
- The Third Operating Room Of The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Shi
- Experimental Center of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Kexin Huang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, College of Basic Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Wang
- The First Operating Room of the First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, People's Republic of China.
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26
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Dunn HA, Orlandi C, Martemyanov KA. Beyond the Ligand: Extracellular and Transcellular G Protein-Coupled Receptor Complexes in Physiology and Pharmacology. Pharmacol Rev 2019; 71:503-519. [PMID: 31515243 DOI: 10.1124/pr.119.018044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) remain one of the most successful targets of U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved drugs. GPCR research has predominantly focused on the characterization of the intracellular interactome's contribution to GPCR function and pharmacology. However, emerging evidence uncovers a new dimension in the biology of GPCRs involving their extracellular and transcellular interactions that critically impact GPCR function and pharmacology. The seminal examples include a variety of adhesion GPCRs, such as ADGRLs/latrophilins, ADGRBs/brain angiogenesis inhibitors, ADGRG1/GPR56, ADGRG6/GPR126, ADGRE5/CD97, and ADGRC3/CELSR3. However, recent advances have indicated that class C GPCRs that contain large extracellular domains, including group III metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR4, mGluR6, mGluR7, mGluR8), γ-aminobutyric acid receptors, and orphans GPR158 and GPR179, can also participate in this form of transcellular regulation. In this review, we will focus on a variety of identified extracellular and transcellular GPCR-interacting partners, including teneurins, neurexins, integrins, fibronectin leucine-rich transmembranes, contactin-6, neuroligin, laminins, collagens, major prion protein, amyloid precursor protein, complement C1q-likes, stabilin-2, pikachurin, dystroglycan, complement decay-accelerating factor CD55, cluster of differentiation CD36 and CD90, extracellular leucine-rich repeat and fibronectin type III domain containing 1, and leucine-rich repeat, immunoglobulin-like domain and transmembrane domains. We provide an account on the diversity of extracellular and transcellular GPCR complexes and their contribution to key cellular and physiologic processes, including cell migration, axon guidance, cellular and synaptic adhesion, and synaptogenesis. Furthermore, we discuss models and mechanisms by which extracellular GPCR assemblies may regulate communication at cellular junctions. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) continue to be the prominent focus of pharmacological intervention for a variety of human pathologies. Although the majority of GPCR research has focused on the intracellular interactome, recent advancements have identified an extracellular dimension of GPCR modulation that alters accepted pharmacological principles of GPCRs. Herein, we describe known endogenous allosteric modulators acting on GPCRs both in cis and in trans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry A Dunn
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida
| | - Cesare Orlandi
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida
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27
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Genetic basis of functional variability in adhesion G protein-coupled receptors. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11036. [PMID: 31363148 PMCID: PMC6667449 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46265-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The enormous sizes of adhesion G protein-coupled receptors (aGPCRs) go along with complex genomic exon-intron architectures giving rise to multiple mRNA variants. There is a need for a comprehensive catalog of aGPCR variants for proper evaluation of the complex functions of aGPCRs found in structural, in vitro and animal model studies. We used an established bioinformatics pipeline to extract, quantify and visualize mRNA variants of aGPCRs from deeply sequenced transcriptomes. Data analysis showed that aGPCRs have multiple transcription start sites even within introns and that tissue-specific splicing is frequent. On average, 19 significantly expressed transcript variants are derived from a given aGPCR gene. The domain architecture of the N terminus encoded by transcript variants often differs and N termini without or with an incomplete seven-helix transmembrane anchor as well as separate seven-helix transmembrane domains are frequently derived from aGPCR genes. Experimental analyses of selected aGPCR transcript variants revealed marked functional differences. Our analysis has an impact on a rational design of aGPCR constructs for structural analyses and gene-deficient mouse lines and provides new support for independent functions of both, the large N terminus and the transmembrane domain of aGPCRs.
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28
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Wade AK, Liu Y, Bethea MM, Toren E, Tse HM, Hunter CS. LIM-domain transcription complexes interact with ring-finger ubiquitin ligases and thereby impact islet β-cell function. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:11728-11740. [PMID: 31186351 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.006985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 06/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is characterized by a loss of β-cell mass, and a greater understanding of the transcriptional mechanisms governing β-cell function is required for future therapies. Previously, we reported that a complex of the Islet-1 (Isl1) transcription factor and the co-regulator single-stranded DNA-binding protein 3 (SSBP3) regulates the genes necessary for β-cell function, but few proteins are known to interact with this complex in β-cells. To identify additional components, here we performed SSBP3 reverse-cross-linked immunoprecipitation (ReCLIP)- and MS-based experiments with mouse β-cell extracts and compared the results with those from our previous Isl1 ReCLIP study. Our analysis identified the E3 ubiquitin ligases ring finger protein 20 (RNF20) and RNF40, factors that in nonpancreatic cells regulate transcription through imparting monoubiquitin marks on histone H2B (H2Bub1), a precursor to histone H3 lysine 4 trimethylation (H3K4me3). We hypothesized that RNF20 and RNF40 regulate similar genes as those regulated by Isl1 and SSBP3 and are important for β-cell function. We observed that Rnf20 and Rnf40 depletion reduces β-cell H2Bub1 marks and uncovered several target genes, including glucose transporter 2 (Glut2), MAF BZIP transcription factor A (MafA), and uncoupling protein 2 (Ucp2). Strikingly, we also observed that Isl1 and SSBP3 depletion reduces H2Bub1 and H3K4me3 marks, suggesting that they have epigenetic roles. We noted that the RNF complex is required for glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and normal mitochondrial reactive oxygen species levels. These findings indicate that RNF20 and RNF40 regulate β-cell gene expression and insulin secretion and establish a link between Isl1 complexes and global cellular epigenetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexa K Wade
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294.,Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Yanping Liu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294.,Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Maigen M Bethea
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294.,Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Eliana Toren
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294.,Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Hubert M Tse
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294.,Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Chad S Hunter
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294 .,Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
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29
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Olaniru OE, Persaud SJ. Adhesion G-protein coupled receptors: Implications for metabolic function. Pharmacol Ther 2019; 198:123-134. [PMID: 30825474 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2019.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Adhesion G-protein coupled receptors (aGPCRs) are emerging as important actors in energy homeostasis. Recent biochemical and functional studies using transgenic mice indicate that aGPCRs play important roles in endocrine and metabolic functions including β-cell differentiation, insulin secretion, adipogenesis and whole body fuel homeostasis. Most aGPCRs are orphans, for which endogenous ligands have not yet been identified, and many of the endogenous ligands of the already de-orphanised aGPCRs are components of the extracellular matrix (ECM). In this review we focus on aGPCR expression in metabolically active tissues, their activation by ECM proteins, and current knowledge of their potential roles in islet development, insulin secretion, adipogenesis and muscle function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oladapo E Olaniru
- Diabetes Research Group, Department of Diabetes, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Shanta J Persaud
- Diabetes Research Group, Department of Diabetes, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK.
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30
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Tan A, Ke S, Chen Y, Chen L, Lu X, Ding F, Yang L, Tang Y, Yu Y. Expression patterns of C1ql4 and its cell-adhesion GPCR Bai3 in the murine testis and functional roles in steroidogenesis. FASEB J 2019; 33:4893-4906. [PMID: 30608882 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201801620rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
C1q-like 4 (C1QL4), a novel member of the C1q- and TNF-related protein family, was found to be highly expressed in rodent and human testis. However, the localization, developmental, and hormonally regulated expression and biologic function of C1ql4 in the testis have not been investigated. Here, we demonstrated that C1ql4 mRNA and protein levels in murine testes gradually increased from the postnatal period to the adult stage and were up-regulated by LH in vivo. In situ hybridization demonstrated that the distribution and expression levels of C1ql4 mRNA varied at different developmental stages, although C1ql4 mRNA was detected in the seminiferous tubule and interstitial Leydig cells. Recombinant C1QL4 did not affect cell proliferation but did increase testosterone production in TM3 Leydig cells, as well as in cultured seminiferous tubules. C1QL4-induced testosterone secretion in Leydig cells was accompanied by increased expression of steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR) protein and steroidogenic enzymes. During this process, the c-Raf/extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase kinases 1 and 2/ERK1/2/mitogen- and stress-activated protein kinase-1 and cAMP/PKA/cAMP-responsive element binding protein signaling cascades were activated by C1QL4. The cell-adhesion GPCR brain-specific angiogenesis inhibitor 3 (BAI3), a putative receptor of C1QL4, was detected in the seminiferous tubule and interstitial Leydig cells during testicular development. Knockdown of Bai3 expression in Leydig cells led to a reduction in Star expression, accompanied by increases in phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and intercellular cAMP levels. However, C1QL4-induced StAR expression was not completely suppressed in the Bai3-deficient Leydig cells, and phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and intercellular cAMP levels were not significantly changed before and after C1QL4 stimulation. Our results suggested that although BAI3 played a role in C1QL4-induced steroidogenesis, there was an unidentified receptor that mediated C1QL4-activated testosterone secretion in Leydig cells through phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and up-regulation of intracellular cAMP levels. Taken together, our results showed, for the first time to our knowledge, that C1QL4 served as a novel acute regulator of testosterone secretion, and BAI3 functioned as a new receptor that is involved in steroidogenesis in Leydig cells. BAI3-independent ERK1/2 activation and cAMP activation mediated C1QL4-induced testosterone secretion. This study expanded the reproductive roles and mechanisms of C1QL4 and BAI3 signaling pathways.-Tan, A., Ke, S., Chen, Y., Chen, L., Lu, X., Ding, F., Yang, L., Tang, Y., Yu, Y. Expression patterns of C1ql4 and its cell-adhesion GPCR Bai3 in the murine testis and functional roles in steroidogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anni Tan
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine (Jinan University-Chinese University of Hong Kong), Ministry of Education, Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; and
| | - Shiyun Ke
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine (Jinan University-Chinese University of Hong Kong), Ministry of Education, Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; and
| | - Yao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine (Jinan University-Chinese University of Hong Kong), Ministry of Education, Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; and
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaosheng Lu
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine (Jinan University-Chinese University of Hong Kong), Ministry of Education, Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; and
| | - Fei Ding
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine (Jinan University-Chinese University of Hong Kong), Ministry of Education, Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; and
| | - Liuhong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine (Jinan University-Chinese University of Hong Kong), Ministry of Education, Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; and
| | - Yan Tang
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine (Jinan University-Chinese University of Hong Kong), Ministry of Education, Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; and
| | - Yanhong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine (Jinan University-Chinese University of Hong Kong), Ministry of Education, Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; and
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Moon SY, Shin SA, Oh YS, Park HH, Lee CS. Understanding the Role of the BAI Subfamily of Adhesion G Protein-Coupled Receptors (GPCRs) in Pathological and Physiological Conditions. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:genes9120597. [PMID: 30513696 PMCID: PMC6316137 DOI: 10.3390/genes9120597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 11/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain-specific angiogenesis inhibitors (BAIs) 1, 2, and 3 are members of the adhesion G protein-coupled receptors, subfamily B, which share a conserved seven-transmembrane structure and an N-terminal extracellular domain. In cell- and animal-based studies, these receptors have been shown to play diverse roles under physiological and pathological conditions. BAI1 is an engulfment receptor and performs major functions in apoptotic-cell clearance and interacts (as a pattern recognition receptor) with pathogen components. BAI1 and -3 also participate in myoblast fusion. Furthermore, BAI1–3 have been linked to tumor progression and neurological diseases. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the functions of BAI1–3 in pathological and physiological conditions and discuss future directions in terms of the importance of BAIs as pharmacological targets in diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Young Moon
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea.
| | - Seong-Ah Shin
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea.
| | - Yong-Seok Oh
- Department of Brain-Cognitive Sciences, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Hyeonpung-myeon, Dalseong-gun, Daegu 42988, Korea.
| | - Hyun Ho Park
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea.
| | - Chang Sup Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea.
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