1
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Matsell E, Andersen JP, Molday RS. Functional and in silico analysis of ATP8A2 and other P4-ATPase variants associated with human genetic diseases. Dis Model Mech 2024; 17:dmm050546. [PMID: 38436085 PMCID: PMC11073571 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.050546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
P4-ATPases flip lipids from the exoplasmic to cytoplasmic leaflet of cell membranes, a property crucial for many biological processes. Mutations in P4-ATPases are associated with severe inherited and complex human disorders. We determined the expression, localization and ATPase activity of four variants of ATP8A2, the P4-ATPase associated with the neurodevelopmental disorder known as cerebellar ataxia, impaired intellectual development and disequilibrium syndrome 4 (CAMRQ4). Two variants, G447R and A772P, harboring mutations in catalytic domains, expressed at low levels and mislocalized in cells. In contrast, the E459Q variant in a flexible loop displayed wild-type expression levels, Golgi-endosome localization and ATPase activity. The R1147W variant expressed at 50% of wild-type levels but showed normal localization and activity. These results indicate that the G447R and A772P mutations cause CAMRQ4 through protein misfolding. The E459Q mutation is unlikely to be causative, whereas the R1147W may display a milder disease phenotype. Using various programs that predict protein stability, we show that there is a good correlation between the experimental expression of the variants and in silico stability assessments, suggesting that such analysis is useful in identifying protein misfolding disease-associated variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eli Matsell
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | | | - Robert S. Molday
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
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2
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Lyu Y, Wang F, Cheng H, Han J, Dang R, Xia X, Wang H, Zhong J, Lenstra JA, Zhang H, Han J, MacHugh DE, Medugorac I, Upadhyay M, Leonard AS, Ding H, Yang X, Wang MS, Quji S, Zhuzha B, Quzhen P, Wangmu S, Cangjue N, Wa D, Ma W, Liu J, Zhang J, Huang B, Qi X, Li F, Huang Y, Ma Y, Wang Y, Gao Y, Lu W, Lei C, Chen N. Recent selection and introgression facilitated high-altitude adaptation in cattle. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2024:S2095-9273(24)00380-3. [PMID: 38945748 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2024.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
During the past 3000 years, cattle on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau have developed adaptive phenotypes under the selective pressure of hypoxia, ultraviolet (UV) radiation, and extreme cold. The genetic mechanism underlying this rapid adaptation is not yet well understood. Here, we present whole-genome resequencing data for 258 cattle from 32 cattle breeds/populations, including 89 Tibetan cattle representing eight populations distributed at altitudes ranging from 3400 m to 4300 m. Our genomic analysis revealed that Tibetan cattle exhibited a continuous phylogeographic cline from the East Asian taurine to the South Asian indicine ancestries. We found that recently selected genes in Tibetan cattle were related to body size (HMGA2 and NCAPG) and energy expenditure (DUOXA2). We identified signals of sympatric introgression from yak into Tibetan cattle at different altitudes, covering 0.64%-3.26% of their genomes, which included introgressed genes responsible for hypoxia response (EGLN1), cold adaptation (LRP11), DNA damage repair (LATS1), and UV radiation resistance (GNPAT). We observed that introgressed yak alleles were associated with noncoding variants, including those in present EGLN1. In Tibetan cattle, three yak introgressed SNPs in the EGLN1 promoter region reduced the expression of EGLN1, suggesting that these genomic variants enhance hypoxia tolerance. Taken together, our results indicated complex adaptation processes in Tibetan cattle, where recently selected genes and introgressed yak alleles jointly facilitated rapid adaptation to high-altitude environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Lyu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Production, Product Quality, and Security, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Fuwen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Haijian Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Key Lab of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Jinan 250000, China
| | - Jing Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Ruihua Dang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Xiaoting Xia
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Sichuan Province and Ministry of Education, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Jincheng Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Sichuan Province and Ministry of Education, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Johannes A Lenstra
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3584 CM, The Netherlands
| | - Hucai Zhang
- Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China; Southwest United Graduate School, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Jianlin Han
- Yazhouwan National Laboratory, Sanya 572024, China; CAAS-ILRI Joint Laboratory on Livestock and Forage Genetic Resources, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100000, China
| | - David E MacHugh
- Animal Genomics Laboratory, UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin D04 V1W8, Ireland; UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin D04 V1W8, Ireland
| | - Ivica Medugorac
- Population Genomics Group, Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, Martinsried 82152, Germany
| | - Maulik Upadhyay
- Population Genomics Group, Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, Martinsried 82152, Germany
| | - Alexander S Leonard
- Animal Genomics, ETH Zurich, Universitaetstrasse 2, Zurich 8006, Switzerland
| | - He Ding
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production, Product Quality, and Security, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Xiaorui Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production, Product Quality, and Security, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Ming-Shan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Yunnan Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Domestic Animals, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Suolang Quji
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Xizang Autonomous Region Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa 850000, China
| | - Basang Zhuzha
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Xizang Autonomous Region Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa 850000, China
| | - Pubu Quzhen
- Shigatse City Kangma County Shaogang Township Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Comprehensive Service Center, Shigatse 857000, China
| | - Silang Wangmu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Xizang Autonomous Region Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa 850000, China
| | - Nima Cangjue
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Xizang Autonomous Region Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa 850000, China
| | - Da Wa
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Xizang Autonomous Region Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa 850000, China
| | - Weidong Ma
- Shaanxi Province Agriculture & Husbandry Breeding Farm, Fufeng 722203, China
| | - Jianyong Liu
- Yunnan Academy of Grassland and Animal Science, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Jicai Zhang
- Yunnan Academy of Grassland and Animal Science, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Bizhi Huang
- Yunnan Academy of Grassland and Animal Science, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Xingshan Qi
- Animal Husbandry Bureau in Biyang County, Biyang 463700, China
| | - Fuqiang Li
- Hunan Tianhua Industrial Corporation Ltd., Lianyuan 417126, China
| | - Yongzhen Huang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yun Ma
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular and Cellular Breeding of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750000, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yuanpeng Gao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Wenfa Lu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production, Product Quality, and Security, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; Yazhouwan National Laboratory, Sanya 572024, China.
| | - Chuzhao Lei
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Ningbo Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
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3
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Norris AC, Mansueto AJ, Jimenez M, Yazlovitskaya EM, Jain BK, Graham TR. Flipping the script: Advances in understanding how and why P4-ATPases flip lipid across membranes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2024; 1871:119700. [PMID: 38382846 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2024.119700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Type IV P-type ATPases (P4-ATPases) are a family of transmembrane enzymes that translocate lipid substrates from the outer to the inner leaflet of biological membranes and thus create an asymmetrical distribution of lipids within membranes. On the cellular level, this asymmetry is essential for maintaining the integrity and functionality of biological membranes, creating platforms for signaling events and facilitating vesicular trafficking. On the organismal level, this asymmetry has been shown to be important in maintaining blood homeostasis, liver metabolism, neural development, and the immune response. Indeed, dysregulation of P4-ATPases has been linked to several diseases; including anemia, cholestasis, neurological disease, and several cancers. This review will discuss the evolutionary transition of P4-ATPases from cation pumps to lipid flippases, the new lipid substrates that have been discovered, the significant advances that have been achieved in recent years regarding the structural mechanisms underlying the recognition and flipping of specific lipids across biological membranes, and the consequences of P4-ATPase dysfunction on cellular and physiological functions. Additionally, we emphasize the requirement for additional research to comprehensively understand the involvement of flippases in cellular physiology and disease and to explore their potential as targets for therapeutics in treating a variety of illnesses. The discussion in this review will primarily focus on the budding yeast, C. elegans, and mammalian P4-ATPases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana C Norris
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Mariana Jimenez
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Bhawik K Jain
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Todd R Graham
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
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4
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Davis JA, Poulsen LR, Kjeldgaard B, Moog MW, Brown E, Palmgren M, López-Marqués RL, Harper JF. Deficiencies in cluster-2 ALA lipid flippases result in salicylic acid-dependent growth reductions. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2024; 176:e14228. [PMID: 38413387 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
P4 ATPases (i.e., lipid flippases) are eukaryotic enzymes that transport lipids across membrane bilayers. In plants, P4 ATPases are named Aminophospholipid ATPases (ALAs) and are organized into five phylogenetic clusters. Here we generated an Arabidopsis mutant lacking all five cluster-2 ALAs (ala8/9/10/11/12), which is the most highly expressed ALA subgroup in vegetative tissues. Plants harboring the quintuple knockout (KO) show rosettes that are 2.2-fold smaller and display chlorotic lesions. A similar but less severe phenotype was observed in an ala10/11 double KO. The growth and lesion phenotypes of ala8/9/10/11/12 mutants were reversed by expressing a NahG transgene, which encodes an enzyme that degrades salicylic acid (SA). A role for SA in promoting the lesion phenotype was further supported by quantitative PCR assays showing increased mRNA abundance for an SA-biosynthesis gene ISOCHORISMATE SYNTHASE 1 (ICS1) and two SA-responsive genes PATHOGENESIS-RELATED GENE 1 (PR1) and PR2. Lesion phenotypes were also reversed by growing plants in liquid media containing either low calcium (~0.1 mM) or high nitrogen concentrations (~24 mM), which are conditions known to suppress SA-dependent autoimmunity. Yeast-based fluorescent lipid uptake assays revealed that ALA10 and ALA11 display overlapping substrate specificities, including the transport of LysoPC signaling lipids. Together, these results establish that the biochemical functions of ALA8-12 are at least partially overlapping, and that deficiencies in cluster-2 ALAs result in an SA-dependent autoimmunity phenotype that has not been observed for flippase mutants with deficiencies in other ALA clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A Davis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Lisbeth R Poulsen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Bodil Kjeldgaard
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Max W Moog
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Elizabeth Brown
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Michael Palmgren
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Rosa L López-Marqués
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Jeffrey F Harper
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA
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5
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Kita N, Hamamoto A, Gowda SGB, Takatsu H, Nakayama K, Arita M, Hui SP, Shin HW. Glucosylceramide flippases contribute to cellular glucosylceramide homeostasis. J Lipid Res 2024; 65:100508. [PMID: 38280458 PMCID: PMC10910339 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2024.100508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Lipid transport is an essential cellular process with importance to human health, disease development, and therapeutic strategies. Type IV P-type ATPases (P4-ATPases) have been identified as membrane lipid flippases by utilizing nitrobenzoxadiazole (NBD)-labeled lipids as substrates. Among the 14 human type IV P-type ATPases, ATP10D was shown to flip NBD-glucosylceramide (GlcCer) across the plasma membrane. Here, we found that conversion of incorporated GlcCer (d18:1/12:0) to other sphingolipids is accelerated in cells exogenously expressing ATP10D but not its ATPase-deficient mutant. These findings suggest that 1) ATP10D flips unmodified GlcCer as well as NBD-GlcCer at the plasma membrane and 2) ATP10D can translocate extracellular GlcCer, which is subsequently converted to other metabolites. Notably, exogenous expression of ATP10D led to the reduction in cellular hexosylceramide levels. Moreover, the expression of GlcCer flippases, including ATP10D, also reduced cellular hexosylceramide levels in fibroblasts derived from patients with Gaucher disease, which is a lysosomal storage disorder with excess GlcCer accumulation. Our study highlights the contribution of ATP10D to the regulation of cellular GlcCer levels and maintaining lipid homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natsuki Kita
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Asuka Hamamoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Siddabasave Gowda B Gowda
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Graduate School of Global Food Resources, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Takatsu
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Nakayama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Makoto Arita
- Laboratory for Metabolomics, RIKEN Center of Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Shu-Ping Hui
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hye-Won Shin
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
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6
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Norris AC, Yazlovitskaya EM, Yang TS, Mansueto A, Stafford JM, Graham TR. ATP10A deficiency results in male-specific infertility in mice. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1310593. [PMID: 38415274 PMCID: PMC10896839 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1310593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Over 8% of couples worldwide are affected by infertility and nearly half of these cases are due to male-specific issues where the underlying cause is often unknown. Therefore, discovery of new genetic factors contributing to male-specific infertility in model organisms can enhance our understanding of the etiology of this disorder. Here we show that murine ATP10A, a phospholipid flippase, is highly expressed in male reproductive organs, specifically the testes and vas deferens. Therefore, we tested the influence of ATP10A on reproduction by examining fertility of Atp10A knockout mice. Our findings reveal that Atp10A deficiency leads to male-specific infertility, but does not perturb fertility in the females. The Atp10A deficient male mice exhibit smaller testes, reduced sperm count (oligozoospermia) and lower sperm motility (asthenozoospermia). Additionally, Atp10A deficient mice display testes and vas deferens histopathological abnormalities, as well as altered total and relative amounts of hormones associated with the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. Surprisingly, circulating testosterone is elevated 2-fold in the Atp10A knockout mice while luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, and inhibin B levels were not significantly different from WT littermates. The knockout mice also exhibit elevated levels of gonadotropin receptors and alterations to ERK, p38 MAPK, Akt, and cPLA2-dependent signaling in the testes. Atp10A was knocked out in the C57BL/6J background, which also carries an inactivating nonsense mutation in the closely related lipid flippase, Atp10D. We have corrected the Atp10D nonsense mutation using CRISPR/Cas9 and determined that loss of Atp10A alone is sufficient to cause infertility in male mice. Collectively, these findings highlight the critical role of ATP10A in male fertility in mice and provide valuable insights into the underlying molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana C Norris
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | | | - Tzushan Sharon Yang
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Alex Mansueto
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - John M Stafford
- Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, United States
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Todd R Graham
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
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Wouters R, Beletchi I, Van den Haute C, Baekelandt V, Martin S, Eggermont J, Vangheluwe P. The lipid flippase ATP10B enables cellular lipid uptake under stress conditions. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2024; 1871:119652. [PMID: 38086447 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2023.119652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Pathogenic ATP10B variants have been described in patients with Parkinson's disease and dementia with Lewy body disease, and we previously established ATP10B as a late endo-/lysosomal lipid flippase transporting both phosphatidylcholine (PC) and glucosylceramide (GluCer) from the lysosomal exoplasmic to cytoplasmic membrane leaflet. Since several other lipid flippases regulate cellular lipid uptake, we here examined whether also ATP10B impacts cellular lipid uptake. Transient co-expression of ATP10B with its obligatory subunit CDC50A stimulated the uptake of fluorescently (NBD-) labeled PC in HeLa cells. This uptake is dependent on the transport function of ATP10B, is impaired by disease-associated variants and appears specific for NBD-PC. Uptake of non-ATP10B substrates, such as NBD-sphingomyelin or NBD-phosphatidylethanolamine is not increased. Remarkably, in stable cell lines co-expressing ATP10B/CDC50A we only observed increased NBD-PC uptake following treatment with rotenone, a mitochondrial complex I inhibitor that induces transport-dependent ATP10B phenotypes. Conversely, Im95m and WM-115 cells with endogenous ATP10B expression, present a decreased NBD-PC uptake following ATP10B knockdown, an effect that is exacerbated under rotenone stress. Our data show that the endo-/lysosomal lipid flippase ATP10B contributes to cellular PC uptake under specific cell stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosanne Wouters
- Laboratory of Cellular Transport Systems, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium; Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Igor Beletchi
- Laboratory of Cellular Transport Systems, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Chris Van den Haute
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA; Leuven Viral Vector Core, KU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium; Research Group for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Veerle Baekelandt
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA; Research Group for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Shaun Martin
- Laboratory of Cellular Transport Systems, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan Eggermont
- Laboratory of Cellular Transport Systems, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peter Vangheluwe
- Laboratory of Cellular Transport Systems, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium; Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA.
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8
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Norris AC, Yazlovitskaya EM, Zhu L, Rose BS, May JC, Gibson-Corley KN, McLean JA, Stafford JM, Graham TR. Deficiency of the lipid flippase ATP10A causes diet-induced dyslipidemia in female mice. Sci Rep 2024; 14:343. [PMID: 38172157 PMCID: PMC10764864 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50360-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Genetic association studies have linked ATP10A and closely related type IV P-type ATPases (P4-ATPases) to insulin resistance and vascular complications, such as atherosclerosis. ATP10A translocates phosphatidylcholine and glucosylceramide across cell membranes, and these lipids or their metabolites play important roles in signal transduction pathways regulating metabolism. However, the influence of ATP10A on lipid metabolism in mice has not been explored. Here, we generated gene-specific Atp10A knockout mice and show that Atp10A-/- mice fed a high-fat diet did not gain excess weight relative to wild-type littermates. However, Atp10A-/- mice displayed female-specific dyslipidemia characterized by elevated plasma triglycerides, free fatty acids and cholesterol, as well as altered VLDL and HDL properties. We also observed increased circulating levels of several sphingolipid species along with reduced levels of eicosanoids and bile acids. The Atp10A-/- mice also displayed hepatic insulin resistance without perturbations to whole-body glucose homeostasis. Thus, ATP10A has a sex-specific role in regulating plasma lipid composition and maintaining hepatic liver insulin sensitivity in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana C Norris
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, 465 21St Ave S, Nashville, TN, 37212, USA
| | - Eugenia M Yazlovitskaya
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, 465 21St Ave S, Nashville, TN, 37212, USA
| | - Lin Zhu
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Bailey S Rose
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Center for Innovative Technology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute for Integrative Biosystems Research and Education, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jody C May
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Center for Innovative Technology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute for Integrative Biosystems Research and Education, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Katherine N Gibson-Corley
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - John A McLean
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Center for Innovative Technology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute for Integrative Biosystems Research and Education, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - John M Stafford
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Veterans Affairs, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Todd R Graham
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, 465 21St Ave S, Nashville, TN, 37212, USA.
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9
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Villagrana R, López-Marqués RL. Plant P4-ATPase lipid flippases: How are they regulated? BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2024; 1871:119599. [PMID: 37741575 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2023.119599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
P4 ATPases are active membrane transporters that translocate lipids towards the cytosolic side of the biological membranes in eukaryotic cells. Due to their essential cellular functions, P4 ATPase activity is expected to be tightly controlled, but fundamental aspects of the regulation of plant P4 ATPases remain unstudied. In this mini-review, our knowledge of the regulatory mechanisms of yeast and mammalian P4 ATPases will be summarized, and sequence comparison and structural modelling will be used as a basis to discuss the putative regulation of the corresponding plant lipid transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Villagrana
- Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Rosa Laura López-Marqués
- Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
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10
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Mogensen LS, Mikkelsen SA, Tadini-Buoninsegni F, Holm R, Matsell E, Vilsen B, Molday RS, Andersen JP. On the track of the lipid transport pathway of the phospholipid flippase ATP8A2 - Mutation analysis of residues of the transmembrane segments M1, M2, M3 and M4. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2024; 1871:119570. [PMID: 37678495 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2023.119570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
P4-ATPases, also known as flippases, translocate specific lipids from the exoplasmic leaflet to the cytoplasmic leaflet of biological membranes, thereby generating an asymmetric lipid distribution essential for numerous cellular functions. A debated issue is which pathway within the protein the lipid substrate follows during the translocation. Here we present a comprehensive mutational screening of all amino acid residues in the transmembrane segments M1, M2, M3, and M4 of the flippase ATP8A2, thus allowing the functionally important residues in these transmembrane segments to be highlighted on a background of less important residues. Kinetic analysis of ATPase activity of 130 new ATP8A2 mutants, providing Vmax values as well as apparent affinities of the mutants for the lipid substrate, support a translocation pathway between M2 and M4 ("M2-M4 path"), extending from the entry site, where the lipid substrate binds from the exoplasmic leaflet, to a putative exit site at the cytoplasmic surface, formed by the divergence of M2 and M4. The effects of mutations in the M2-M4 path on the function of the entry site, including loss of lipid specificity in some mutants, suggest that the M2-M4 path and the entry site are conformationally coupled. Many of the residues of the M2-M4 path possess side chains with a potential for interacting with each other in a zipper-like mode, as well as with the head group of the lipid substrate, by ionic/hydrogen bonds. Thus, the translocation of the lipid substrate toward the cytoplasmic bilayer leaflet is comparable to unzipping a zipper of salt bridges/hydrogen bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Rikke Holm
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Eli Matsell
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Bente Vilsen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Robert S Molday
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Centre for Macular Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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11
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Norris AC, Yazlovitskaya EM, Zhu L, Rose BS, May JC, Gibson-Corley KN, McLean JA, Stafford JM, Graham TR. Deficiency of the lipid flippase ATP10A causes diet-induced dyslipidemia in female mice. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.16.545392. [PMID: 37398141 PMCID: PMC10312798 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.16.545392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Genetic association studies have linked ATP10A and closely related type IV P-type ATPases (P4-ATPases) to insulin resistance and vascular complications, such as atherosclerosis. ATP10A translocates phosphatidylcholine and glucosylceramide across cell membranes, and these lipids or their metabolites play important roles in signal transduction pathways regulating metabolism. However, the influence of ATP10A on lipid metabolism in mice has not been explored. Here, we generated gene-specific Atp10A knockout mice and show that Atp10A-/- mice fed a high-fat diet did not gain excess weight relative to wild-type littermates. However, Atp10A-/- mice displayed female-specific dyslipidemia characterized by elevated plasma triglycerides, free fatty acids and cholesterol, as well as altered VLDL and HDL properties. We also observed increased circulating levels of several sphingolipid species along with reduced levels of eicosanoids and bile acids. The Atp10A-/- mice also displayed hepatic insulin resistance without perturbations to whole-body glucose homeostasis. Thus, ATP10A has a sex-specific role in regulating plasma lipid composition and maintaining hepatic liver insulin sensitivity in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana C. Norris
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | | | - Lin Zhu
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, USA
| | - Bailey S. Rose
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Center for Innovative Technology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute for Integrative Biosystems Research and Education, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jody C. May
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Center for Innovative Technology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute for Integrative Biosystems Research and Education, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Katherine N. Gibson-Corley
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - John A. McLean
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Center for Innovative Technology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute for Integrative Biosystems Research and Education, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - John M. Stafford
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, USA
- Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Veterans Affairs, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Tennessee, USA
| | - Todd R. Graham
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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12
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Sakuragi T, Nagata S. Regulation of phospholipid distribution in the lipid bilayer by flippases and scramblases. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2023:10.1038/s41580-023-00604-z. [PMID: 37106071 PMCID: PMC10134735 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-023-00604-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Cellular membranes function as permeability barriers that separate cells from the external environment or partition cells into distinct compartments. These membranes are lipid bilayers composed of glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids and cholesterol, in which proteins are embedded. Glycerophospholipids and sphingolipids freely move laterally, whereas transverse movement between lipid bilayers is limited. Phospholipids are asymmetrically distributed between membrane leaflets but change their location in biological processes, serving as signalling molecules or enzyme activators. Designated proteins - flippases and scramblases - mediate this lipid movement between the bilayers. Flippases mediate the confined localization of specific phospholipids (phosphatidylserine (PtdSer) and phosphatidylethanolamine) to the cytoplasmic leaflet. Scramblases randomly scramble phospholipids between leaflets and facilitate the exposure of PtdSer on the cell surface, which serves as an important signalling molecule and as an 'eat me' signal for phagocytes. Defects in flippases and scramblases cause various human diseases. We herein review the recent research on the structure of flippases and scramblases and their physiological roles. Although still poorly understood, we address the mechanisms by which they translocate phospholipids between lipid bilayers and how defects cause human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaharu Sakuragi
- Biochemistry & Immunology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shigekazu Nagata
- Biochemistry & Immunology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
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López-Marqués RL. Mini-review: Lipid flippases as putative targets for biotechnological crop improvement. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1107142. [PMID: 36895879 PMCID: PMC9989201 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1107142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
An increasing world population and drastic changes in weather conditions are challenging agricultural production. To face these challenges and ensure sustainable food production in the future, crop plants need to be improved to withstand several different biotic and abiotic stresses. Commonly, breeders select varieties that can tolerate a specific type of stress and then cross these varieties to stack beneficial traits. This strategy is time-consuming and strictly dependent on the stacked traits been genetically unlinked. Here, we revise the role of plant lipid flippases of the P4 ATPase family in stress-related responses with a special focus on the pleiotropic nature of their functions and discuss their suitability as biotechnological targets for crop improvement.
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Functional Analysis of the P-Type ATPases Apt2-4 from Cryptococcus neoformans by Heterologous Expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9020202. [PMID: 36836316 PMCID: PMC9966271 DOI: 10.3390/jof9020202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid flippases of the P4-ATPase family actively transport phospholipids across cell membranes, an activity essential for key cellular processes such as vesicle budding and membrane trafficking. Members of this transporter family have also been implicated in the development of drug resistance in fungi. The encapsulated fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans contains four P4-ATPases, among which Apt2-4p are poorly characterized. Using heterologous expression in the flippase-deficient S. cerevisiae strain dnf1Δdnf2Δdrs2Δ, we tested their lipid flippase activity in comparison to Apt1p using complementation tests and fluorescent lipid uptake assays. Apt2p and Apt3p required the co-expression of the C. neoformans Cdc50 protein for activity. Apt2p/Cdc50p displayed a narrow substrate specificity, limited to phosphatidylethanolamine and -choline. Despite its inability to transport fluorescent lipids, the Apt3p/Cdc50p complex still rescued the cold-sensitive phenotype of dnf1Δdnf2Δdrs2Δ, suggesting a functional role for the flippase in the secretory pathway. Apt4p, the closest homolog to Saccharomyces Neo1p, which does not require a Cdc50 protein, was unable to complement several flippase-deficient mutant phenotypes, neither in the presence nor absence of a β-subunit. These results identify C. neoformans Cdc50 as an essential subunit for Apt1-3p and provide a first insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying their physiological functions.
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15
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Lala T, Doan JK, Takatsu H, Hartzell HC, Shin HW, Hall RA. Phosphatidylserine exposure modulates adhesion GPCR BAI1 (ADGRB1) signaling activity. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102685. [PMID: 36370845 PMCID: PMC9723945 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain-specific angiogenesis inhibitor 1 (BAI1; also called ADGRB1 or B1) is an adhesion G protein-coupled receptor known from studies on macrophages to bind to phosphatidylserine (PS) on apoptotic cells via its N-terminal thrombospondin repeats. A separate body of work has shown that B1 regulates postsynaptic function and dendritic spine morphology via signaling pathways involving Rac and Rho. However, it is unknown if PS binding by B1 has any effect on the receptor's signaling activity. To shed light on this subject, we studied G protein-dependent signaling by B1 in the absence and presence of coexpression with the PS flippase ATP11A in human embryonic kidney 293T cells. ATP11A expression reduced the amount of PS exposed extracellularly and also strikingly reduced the signaling activity of coexpressed full-length B1 but not a truncated version of the receptor lacking the thrombospondin repeats. Further experiments with an inactive mutant of ATP11A showed that the PS flippase function of ATP11A was required for modulation of B1 signaling. In coimmunoprecipitation experiments, we made the surprising finding that ATP11A not only modulates B1 signaling but also forms complexes with B1. Parallel studies in which PS in the outer leaflet was reduced by an independent method, deletion of the gene encoding the endogenous lipid scramblase anoctamin 6 (ANO6), revealed that this manipulation also markedly reduced B1 signaling. These findings demonstrate that B1 signaling is modulated by PS exposure and suggest a model in which B1 serves as a PS sensor at synapses and in other cellular contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trisha Lala
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Juleva K Doan
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Hiroyuki Takatsu
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - H Criss Hartzell
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Hye-Won Shin
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Randy A Hall
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
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16
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Jain BK, Wagner AS, Reynolds TB, Graham TR. Lipid Transport by Candida albicans Dnf2 Is Required for Hyphal Growth and Virulence. Infect Immun 2022; 90:e0041622. [PMID: 36214556 PMCID: PMC9670988 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00416-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans is a common cause of human mucosal yeast infections, and invasive candidiasis can be fatal. Antifungal medications are limited, but those targeting the pathogen cell wall or plasma membrane have been effective. Therefore, virulence factors controlling membrane biogenesis are potential targets for drug development. P4-ATPases contribute to membrane biogenesis by selecting and transporting specific lipids from the extracellular leaflet to the cytoplasmic leaflet of the bilayer to generate lipid asymmetry. A subset of heterodimeric P4-ATPases, including Dnf1-Lem3 and Dnf2-Lem3 from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, transport phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), and the sphingolipid glucosylceramide (GlcCer). GlcCer is a critical lipid for Candida albicans polarized growth and virulence, but the role of GlcCer transporters in virulence has not been explored. Here, we show that the Candida albicans Dnf2 (CaDnf2) requires association with CaLem3 to form a functional transporter and flip fluorescent derivatives of GlcCer, PC, and PE across the plasma membrane. Mutation of conserved substrate-selective residues in the membrane domain strongly abrogates GlcCer transport and partially disrupts PC transport by CaDnf2. Candida strains harboring dnf2-null alleles (dnf2ΔΔ) or point mutations that disrupt substrate recognition exhibit defects in yeast-to-hypha growth transition, filamentous growth, and virulence in systemically infected mice. The influence of CaDNF1 deletion on the morphological phenotypes is negligible, although the dnf1ΔΔ dnf2ΔΔ strain was less virulent than the dnf2ΔΔ strain. These results indicate that the transport of GlcCer and/or PC by plasma membrane P4-ATPases is important for the pathogenicity of Candida albicans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhawik K. Jain
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Andrew S. Wagner
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Todd B. Reynolds
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Todd R. Graham
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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17
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Shin HW, Takatsu H. Regulatory Roles of N- and C-Terminal Cytoplasmic Regions of P4-ATPases. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2022; 70:524-532. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c22-00042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Won Shin
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University
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18
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Althenayyan S, AlGhamdi A, AlMuhanna MH, Hawsa E, Aldeghaither D, Iqbal J, Mohammad S, Aziz MA. Modulation of ATP8B1 gene expression in colorectal cancer cells suggest its role as a tumor suppressor. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2022; 22:577-590. [PMID: 35585825 DOI: 10.2174/1568009622666220517092340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
AIM The study aims to understand the role of tumor suppressor genes in colorectal cancer initiation and progression. BACKGROUND Sporadic colorectal cancer (CRC) develops through distinct molecular events. Loss of the 18q chromosome is a conspicuous event in the progression of adenoma to carcinoma. There is limited information regarding the molecular effectors of this event. Earlier, we had reported ATP8B1 as a novel gene associated with CRC. ATP8B1 belongs to the family of P-type ATPases (P4 ATPase) that primarily function to facilitate the translocation of phospholipids. OBJECTIVE In this study, we attempt to implicate the ATP8B1 gene located on chromosome 18q as a tumor suppressor gene. METHODS Cells culture, Patient data analysis, Generation of stable ATP8B1 overexpressing SW480 cell line, Preparation of viral particles, Cell Transduction, Generation of stable ATP8B1 knockdown HT29 cell line with CRISPR/Cas9, Generation of stable ATP8B1 knockdown HT29 cell line with shRNA, Quantification of ATP8B1 gene expression, Real-time cell proliferation and migration assays, Cell proliferation assay, Cell migration assay, Protein isolation and western blotting, Endpoint cell viability assay, Uptake and efflux of sphingolipid, Statistical and computational analyses. RESULTS We studied indigenous patient data and confirmed the reduced expression of ATP8B1 in tumor samples. CRC cell lines were engineered with reduced and enhanced levels of ATP8B1, which provided a tool to study its role in cancer progression. Forced reduction of ATP8B1 expression either by CRISPR/Cas9 or shRNA was associated with increased growth and proliferation of CRC cell line - HT29. In contrast, overexpression of ATP8B1 resulted in reduced growth and proliferation of SW480 cell lines. We generated a network of genes that are downstream of ATP8B1. Further, we provide the predicted effect of modulation of ATP8B1 levels on this network and the possible effect on fatty acid metabolism-related genes. CONCLUSION Tumor suppressor gene (ATP8B1) located on chromosome 18q could be responsible in the progression of colorectal cancer. Knocking down of this gene causes an increased rate of cell proliferation and reduced cell death, suggesting its role as a tumor suppressor. Increasing the expression of this gene in colorectal cancer cells slowed down their growth and increased cell death. These evidences suggest the role of ATP8B1 as a tumor suppressor gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleh Althenayyan
- Department of Cellular King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Colorectal Cancer Research Program, Therapy and Cancer Research, Riyadh, 11481, Saudi Arabia.,Department King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, 11481, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amal AlGhamdi
- Department of Cellular King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Colorectal Cancer Research Program, Therapy and Cancer Research, Riyadh, 11481, Saudi Arabia.,Department King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, 11481, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed H AlMuhanna
- Department of Cellular King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Colorectal Cancer Research Program, Therapy and Cancer Research, Riyadh, 11481, Saudi Arabia.,Department King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, 11481, Saudi Arabia
| | - Esra Hawsa
- Department of Cellular King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Colorectal Cancer Research Program, Therapy and Cancer Research, Riyadh, 11481, Saudi Arabia.,Department King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, 11481, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dalal Aldeghaither
- Department of Cellular King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Colorectal Cancer Research Program, Therapy and Cancer Research, Riyadh, 11481, Saudi Arabia.,Department of King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, College of Science and Health Professions, Basic Science. Riyadh, 11481, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jahangir Iqbal
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdulaziz Medical City Hospital, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Al Hasa, 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sameer Mohammad
- Department of King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Experimental Medicine, Riyadh, 11481, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Azhar Aziz
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdulaziz Medical City Hospital, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Al Hasa, 31982, Saudi Arabia
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19
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Dieudonné T, Herrera SA, Laursen MJ, Lejeune M, Stock C, Slimani K, Jaxel C, Lyons JA, Montigny C, Pomorski TG, Nissen P, Lenoir G. Autoinhibition and regulation by phosphoinositides of ATP8B1, a human lipid flippase associated with intrahepatic cholestatic disorders. eLife 2022; 11:75272. [PMID: 35416773 PMCID: PMC9045818 DOI: 10.7554/elife.75272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
P4-ATPases flip lipids from the exoplasmic to the cytosolic leaflet, thus maintaining lipid asymmetry in eukaryotic cell membranes. Mutations in several human P4-ATPase genes are associated with severe diseases, for example in ATP8B1 causing progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis, a rare inherited disorder progressing toward liver failure. ATP8B1 forms a binary complex with CDC50A and displays a broad specificity to glycerophospholipids, but regulatory mechanisms are unknown. Here, we report functional studies and the cryo-EM structure of the human lipid flippase ATP8B1-CDC50A at 3.1 Å resolution. We find that ATP8B1 is autoinhibited by its N- and C-terminal tails, which form extensive interactions with the catalytic sites and flexible domain interfaces. Consistently, ATP hydrolysis is unleashed by truncation of the C-terminus, but also requires phosphoinositides, most markedly phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-phosphate (PI(3,4,5)P3), and removal of both N- and C-termini results in full activation. Restored inhibition of ATP8B1 truncation constructs with a synthetic peptide mimicking the C-terminal segment further suggests molecular communication between N- and C-termini in the autoinhibition and demonstrates that the regulatory mechanism can be interfered with by exogenous compounds. A recurring (G/A)(Y/F)AFS motif of the C-terminal segment suggests that this mechanism is employed widely across P4-ATPase lipid flippases in plasma membrane and endomembranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibaud Dieudonné
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Sara Abad Herrera
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | | | - Maylis Lejeune
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Charlott Stock
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kahina Slimani
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Christine Jaxel
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Joseph A Lyons
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Cédric Montigny
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | - Poul Nissen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Guillaume Lenoir
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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20
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Conformational changes of a phosphatidylcholine flippase in lipid membranes. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110518. [PMID: 35294892 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 4 P-type ATPases (P4-ATPases) actively and selectively translocate phospholipids across membrane bilayers. Driven by ATP hydrolysis, P4-ATPases undergo conformational changes during lipid flipping. It is unclear how the active flipping states of P4-ATPases are regulated in the lipid membranes, especially for phosphatidylcholine (PC)-flipping P4-ATPases whose substrate, PC, is a substantial component of membranes. Here, we report the cryoelectron microscopy structures of a yeast PC-flipping P4-ATPase, Dnf1, in lipid environments. In native yeast lipids, Dnf1 adopts a conformation in which the lipid flipping pathway is disrupted. Only when the lipid composition is changed can Dnf1 be captured in the active conformations that enable lipid flipping. These results suggest that, in the native membrane, Dnf1 may stay in an idle conformation that is unable to support the trans-membrane movement of lipids. Dnf1 may have altered conformational preferences in membranes with different lipid compositions.
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21
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Herrera SA, Grifell-Junyent M, Pomorski TG. NBD-lipid Uptake Assay for Mammalian Cell Lines. Bio Protoc 2022; 12:e4330. [PMID: 35340299 PMCID: PMC8899549 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.4330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
All eukaryotic cells are equipped with transmembrane lipid transporters, which are key players in membrane lipid asymmetry, vesicular trafficking, and membrane fusion. The link between mutations in these transporters and disease in humans highlights their essential role in cell homeostasis. Yet, many key features of their activities, their substrate specificity, and their regulation remain to be elucidated. Here, we describe an optimized quantitative flow cytometry-based lipid uptake assay utilizing nitrobenzoxadiazolyl (NBD) fluorescent lipids to study lipid internalization in mammalian cell lines, which allows characterizing lipid transporter activities at the plasma membrane. This approach allows for a rapid analysis of large cell populations, thereby greatly reducing sampling variability. The protocol can be applied to study a wide range of mammalian cell lines, to test the impact of gene knockouts on lipid internalization at the plasma membrane, and to uncover the dynamics of lipid transport at the plasma membrane. Graphic abstract: Internalization of NBD-labeled lipids from the plasma membrane of CHO-K1 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Abad Herrera
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Marta Grifell-Junyent
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Thomas Günther Pomorski
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
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22
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López-Marqués RL, Pomorski TG. Imaging of Lipid Uptake in Arabidopsis Seedlings Utilizing Fluorescent Lipids and Confocal Microscopy. Bio Protoc 2021; 11:e4228. [PMID: 34909449 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.4228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic cells use a diverse set of transporters to control the movement of lipids across their plasma membrane, which drastically affects membrane properties. Various tools and techniques to analyze the activity of these transporters have been developed. Among them, assays based on fluorescent phospholipid probes are particularly suitable, allowing for imaging and quantification of lipid internalization in living cells. Classically, these assays have been applied to yeast and animal cells. Here, we describe the adaptation of this powerful approach to characterize lipid internalization in plant roots and aerial tissues using confocal imaging. Graphic abstract: Fluorescent lipid uptake in Arabidopsis seedlings. Scale bars: seedling, 25 mm; leaf, 10 μm; root, 25 μm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa L López-Marqués
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Copenhagen Plant Science Center, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Thomas G Pomorski
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Copenhagen Plant Science Center, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.,Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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23
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Liu H, Yuan W, Zhou P, Liang G, Gao C, Guo L, Hu G, Song W, Wu J, Chen X, Liu L. Engineering membrane asymmetry to increase medium-chain fatty acid tolerance in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Biotechnol Bioeng 2021; 119:277-286. [PMID: 34708879 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Saccharomyces cerevisiae is an attractive chassis for the production of medium-chain fatty acids, but the toxic effect of these compounds often prevents further improvements in titer, yield, and productivity. To address this issue, Lem3 and Sfk1 were identified from adaptive laboratory evolution mutant strains as membrane asymmetry regulators. Co-overexpression of Lem3 and Sfk1 [Lem3(M)-Sfk1(H) strain] through promoter engineering remodeled the membrane phospholipid distribution, leading to an increased accumulation of phosphatidylethanolamine in the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane. As a result, membrane potential and integrity were increased by 131.5% and 29.2%, respectively; meanwhile, the final OD600 in the presence of hexanoic acid, octanoic acid, and decanoic acid was improved by 79.6%, 73.4%, and 57.7%, respectively. In summary, this study shows that membrane asymmetry engineering offers an efficient strategy to enhance medium-chain fatty acids tolerance in S. cerevisiae, thus generating a robust industrial strain for producing high-value biofuels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Weijia Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Pei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Guangjie Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Cong Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Liang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Guipeng Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Wei Song
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jing Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xiulai Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Liming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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24
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Inoue H, Takatsu H, Hamamoto A, Takayama M, Nakabuchi R, Muranaka Y, Yagi T, Nakayama K, Shin HW. The interaction of ATP11C-b with ezrin contributes to its polarized localization. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:272204. [PMID: 34528675 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.258523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
ATP11C, a member of the P4-ATPase family, translocates phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylethanolamine at the plasma membrane. We previously revealed that its C-terminal splice variant ATP11C-b exhibits polarized localization in motile cell lines, such as MDA-MB-231 and Ba/F3. In the present study, we found that the C-terminal cytoplasmic region of ATP11C-b interacts specifically with ezrin. Notably, the LLxY motif in the ATP11C-b C-terminal region is crucial for its interaction with ezrin as well as its polarized localization on the plasma membrane. A constitutively active, C-terminal phosphomimetic mutant of ezrin was colocalized with ATP11C-b in polarized motile cells. ATP11C-b was partially mislocalized in cells depleted of ezrin alone, and exhibited greater mislocalization in cells simultaneously depleted of the family members ezrin, radixin and moesin (ERM), suggesting that ERM proteins, particularly ezrin, contribute to the polarized localization of ATP11C-b. Furthermore, Atp11c knockout resulted in C-terminally phosphorylated ERM protein mislocalization, which was restored by exogenous expression of ATP11C-b but not ATP11C-a. These observations together indicate that the polarized localizations of ATP11C-b and the active form of ezrin to the plasma membrane are interdependently stabilized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Inoue
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Takatsu
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Asuka Hamamoto
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Masahiro Takayama
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Riki Nakabuchi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yumeka Muranaka
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Yagi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Nakayama
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hye-Won Shin
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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25
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Bai L, Jain BK, You Q, Duan HD, Takar M, Graham TR, Li H. Structural basis of the P4B ATPase lipid flippase activity. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5963. [PMID: 34645814 PMCID: PMC8514546 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26273-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
P4 ATPases are lipid flippases that are phylogenetically grouped into P4A, P4B and P4C clades. The P4A ATPases are heterodimers composed of a catalytic α-subunit and accessory β-subunit, and the structures of several heterodimeric flippases have been reported. The S. cerevisiae Neo1 and its orthologs represent the P4B ATPases, which function as monomeric flippases without a β-subunit. It has been unclear whether monomeric flippases retain the architecture and transport mechanism of the dimeric flippases. Here we report the structure of a P4B ATPase, Neo1, in its E1-ATP, E2P-transition, and E2P states. The structure reveals a conserved architecture as well as highly similar functional intermediate states relative to dimeric flippases. Consistently, structure-guided mutagenesis of residues in the proposed substrate translocation path disrupted Neo1’s ability to establish membrane asymmetry. These observations indicate that evolutionarily distant P4 ATPases use a structurally conserved mechanism for substrate transport. The P4 ATPase lipid flippases play a crucial role in membrane biogenesis. Here the authors report the structure of the monomeric P4B ATPase Neo1 in several states, clarifying the mechanism of substrate transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Bai
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Bhawik K Jain
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Qinglong You
- Department of Structural Biology, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - H Diessel Duan
- Department of Structural Biology, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Mehmet Takar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Todd R Graham
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - Huilin Li
- Department of Structural Biology, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA.
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26
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Stanchev LD, Rizzo J, Peschel R, Pazurek LA, Bredegaard L, Veit S, Laerbusch S, Rodrigues ML, López-Marqués RL, Günther Pomorski T. P-Type ATPase Apt1 of the Fungal Pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans Is a Lipid Flippase of Broad Substrate Specificity. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7100843. [PMID: 34682264 PMCID: PMC8537059 DOI: 10.3390/jof7100843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid flippases of the P4-ATPase family are ATP-driven transporters that translocate lipids from the exoplasmic to the cytosolic leaflet of biological membranes. In the encapsulated fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans, the P4-ATPase Apt1p is an important regulator of polysaccharide secretion and pathogenesis, but its biochemical characterization is lacking. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that Apt1p belongs to the subclade of P4A-ATPases characterized by the common requirement for a β-subunit. Using heterologous expression in S. cerevisiae, we demonstrate that Apt1p forms a heterodimeric complex with the C. neoformans Cdc50 protein. This association is required for both localization and activity of the transporter complex. Lipid flippase activity of the heterodimeric complex was assessed by complementation tests and uptake assays employing fluorescent lipids and revealed a broad substrate specificity, including several phospholipids, the alkylphospholipid miltefosine, and the glycolipids glucosyl- and galactosylceramide. Our results suggest that transbilayer lipid transport in C. neoformans is finely regulated to promote fungal virulence, which reinforces the potential of Apt1p as a target for antifungal drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyubomir Dimitrov Stanchev
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany; (L.D.S.); (R.P.); (L.A.P.); (S.V.); (S.L.)
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark; (L.B.); (R.L.L.-M.)
| | - Juliana Rizzo
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes (IMPG), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; (J.R.); (M.L.R.)
- Unité Biologie des ARN des Pathogènes Fongiques, Département de Mycologie, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Rebecca Peschel
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany; (L.D.S.); (R.P.); (L.A.P.); (S.V.); (S.L.)
| | - Lilli A. Pazurek
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany; (L.D.S.); (R.P.); (L.A.P.); (S.V.); (S.L.)
| | - Lasse Bredegaard
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark; (L.B.); (R.L.L.-M.)
| | - Sarina Veit
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany; (L.D.S.); (R.P.); (L.A.P.); (S.V.); (S.L.)
| | - Sabine Laerbusch
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany; (L.D.S.); (R.P.); (L.A.P.); (S.V.); (S.L.)
| | - Marcio L. Rodrigues
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes (IMPG), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; (J.R.); (M.L.R.)
- Instituto Carlos Chagas, Fiocruz, Curitiba 81310-020, Brazil
| | - Rosa L. López-Marqués
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark; (L.B.); (R.L.L.-M.)
| | - Thomas Günther Pomorski
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany; (L.D.S.); (R.P.); (L.A.P.); (S.V.); (S.L.)
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark; (L.B.); (R.L.L.-M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-234-32-24430
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27
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Budani M, Auray-Blais C, Lingwood C. ATP-binding cassette transporters mediate differential biosynthesis of glycosphingolipid species. J Lipid Res 2021; 62:100128. [PMID: 34597626 PMCID: PMC8569594 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2021.100128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The cytosolic-oriented glucosylceramide (GlcCer) synthase is enigmatic, requiring nascent GlcCer translocation to the luminal Golgi membrane to access glycosphingolipid (GSL) anabolic glycosyltransferases. The mechanism by which GlcCer is flipped remains unclear. To investigate the role of GlcCer-binding partners in this process, we previously made cleavable, biotinylated, photoreactive GlcCer analogs in which the reactive nitrene was closely apposed to the GlcCer head group, while maintaining a C16-acyl chain. GlcCer-binding protein specificity was validated for both photoprobes. Using one probe, XLB, here we identified ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters ABCA3, ABCB4, and ABCB10 as unfractionated microsomal GlcCer-binding proteins in DU-145 prostate tumor cells. siRNA knockdown (KD) of these transporters differentially blocked GSL synthesis assessed in toto and via metabolic labeling. KD of ABCA3 reduced acid/neutral GSL levels, but increased those of LacCer, while KD of ABCB4 preferentially reduced neutral GSL levels, and KD of ABCB10 reduced levels of both neutral and acidic GSLs. Depletion of ABCA12, implicated in GlcCer transport, preferentially decreased neutral GSL levels, while ABCB1 KD preferentially reduced gangliosides, but increased neutral GSL Gb3. These results imply that multiple ABC transporters may provide distinct but overlapping GlcCer and LacCer pools within the Golgi lumen for anabolism of different GSL series by metabolic channeling. Differential ABC family member usage may fine-tune GSL biosynthesis depending on cell/tissue type. We conclude that ABC transporters provide a new tool for the regulation of GSL biosynthesis and serve as potential targets to reduce selected GSL species/subsets in diseases in which GSLs are dysregulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique Budani
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christiane Auray-Blais
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Clifford Lingwood
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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28
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López-Marqués RL. Lipid flippases as key players in plant adaptation to their environment. NATURE PLANTS 2021; 7:1188-1199. [PMID: 34531559 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-021-00993-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Lipid flippases (P4 ATPases) are active transporters that catalyse the translocation of lipids between the two sides of the biological membranes in the secretory pathway. This activity modulates biological membrane properties, contributes to vesicle formation, and is the trigger for lipid signalling events, which makes P4 ATPases essential for eukaryotic cell survival. Plant P4 ATPases (also known as aminophospholipid ATPases (ALAs)) are crucial for plant fertility and proper development, and are involved in key adaptive responses to biotic and abiotic stress, including chilling tolerance, heat adaptation, nutrient deficiency responses and pathogen defence. While ALAs present many analogies to mammalian and yeast P4 ATPases, they also show characteristic features as the result of their independent evolution. In this Review, the main properties, roles, regulation and mechanisms of action of ALA proteins are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa L López-Marqués
- Department for Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
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29
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Ristovski M, Farhat D, Bancud SEM, Lee JY. Lipid Transporters Beam Signals from Cell Membranes. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:562. [PMID: 34436325 PMCID: PMC8399137 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11080562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Lipid composition in cellular membranes plays an important role in maintaining the structural integrity of cells and in regulating cellular signaling that controls functions of both membrane-anchored and cytoplasmic proteins. ATP-dependent ABC and P4-ATPase lipid transporters, two integral membrane proteins, are known to contribute to lipid translocation across the lipid bilayers on the cellular membranes. In this review, we will highlight current knowledge about the role of cholesterol and phospholipids of cellular membranes in regulating cell signaling and how lipid transporters participate this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miliça Ristovski
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; (M.R.); (D.F.); (S.E.M.B.)
- Translational and Molecular Medicine Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Danny Farhat
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; (M.R.); (D.F.); (S.E.M.B.)
- Biomedical Sciences Program, Faculty of Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 6N5, Canada
| | - Shelly Ellaine M. Bancud
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; (M.R.); (D.F.); (S.E.M.B.)
- Translational and Molecular Medicine Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Jyh-Yeuan Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; (M.R.); (D.F.); (S.E.M.B.)
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30
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López-Marqués RL, Davis JA, Harper JF, Palmgren M. Dynamic membranes: the multiple roles of P4 and P5 ATPases. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 185:619-631. [PMID: 33822217 PMCID: PMC8133672 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiaa065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The lipid bilayer of biological membranes has a complex composition, including high chemical heterogeneity, the presence of nanodomains of specific lipids, and asymmetry with respect to lipid composition between the two membrane leaflets. In membrane trafficking, membrane vesicles constantly bud off from one membrane compartment and fuse with another, and both budding and fusion events have been proposed to require membrane lipid asymmetry. One mechanism for generating asymmetry in lipid bilayers involves the action of the P4 ATPase family of lipid flippases; these are biological pumps that use ATP as an energy source to flip lipids from one leaflet to the other. The model plant Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) contains 12 P4 ATPases (AMINOPHOSPHOLIPID ATPASE1-12; ALA1-12), many of which are functionally redundant. Studies of P4 ATPase mutants have confirmed the essential physiological functions of these pumps and pleiotropic mutant phenotypes have been observed, as expected when genes required for basal cellular functions are disrupted. For instance, phenotypes associated with ala3 (dwarfism, pollen defects, sensitivity to pathogens and cold, and reduced polar cell growth) can be related to membrane trafficking problems. P5 ATPases are evolutionarily related to P4 ATPases, and may be the counterpart of P4 ATPases in the endoplasmic reticulum. The absence of P4 and P5 ATPases from prokaryotes and their ubiquitous presence in eukaryotes make these biological pumps a defining feature of eukaryotic cells. Here, we review recent advances in the field of plant P4 and P5 ATPases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa L López-Marqués
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - James A Davis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Jeffrey F Harper
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Michael Palmgren
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark
- International Research Centre for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China
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31
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The transport mechanism of P4 ATPase lipid flippases. Biochem J 2021; 477:3769-3790. [PMID: 33045059 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20200249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
P4 ATPase lipid flippases are ATP-driven transporters that translocate specific lipids from the exoplasmic to the cytosolic leaflet of biological membranes, thus establishing a lipid gradient between the two leaflets that is essential for many cellular processes. While substrate specificity, subcellular and tissue-specific expression, and physiological functions have been assigned to a number of these transporters in several organisms, the mechanism of lipid transport has been a topic of intense debate in the field. The recent publication of a series of structural models based on X-ray crystallography and cryo-EM studies has provided the first glimpse into how P4 ATPases have adapted the transport mechanism used by the cation-pumping family members to accommodate a substrate that is at least an order of magnitude larger than cations.
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32
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin He
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.,Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jinkun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xiaofei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Long Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
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33
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López-Marqués RL. Lipid flippases in polarized growth. Curr Genet 2021; 67:255-262. [PMID: 33388852 DOI: 10.1007/s00294-020-01145-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Polarized growth is required in eukaryotic cells for processes such as cell division, morphogenesis and motility, which involve conserved and interconnected signalling pathways controlling cell cycle progression, cytoskeleton reorganization and secretory pathway functioning. While many of the factors involved in polarized growth are known, it is not yet clear how they are coordinated both spatially and temporally. Several lines of evidence point to the important role of lipid flippases in polarized growth events. Lipid flippases, which mainly belong to the P4 subfamily of P-type ATPases, are active transporters that move different lipids to the cytosolic side of biological membranes at the expense of ATP. The involvement of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae plasma membrane P4 ATPases Dnf1p and Dnf2p in polarized growth and their activation by kinase phosphorylation were established some years ago. However, these two proteins do not seem to be responsible for the phosphatidylserine internalization required for early recruitment of proteins to the plasma membrane during yeast mating and budding. In a recent publication, we demonstrated that the Golgi-localized P4 ATPase Dnf3p has a preference for PS as a substrate, can reach the plasma membrane in a cell cycle-dependent manner, and is regulated by the same kinases that activate Dnf1p and Dnf2p. This finding solves a long-lasting enigma in the field of lipid flippases and suggests that tight and heavily coordinated spatiotemporal control of lipid translocation at the plasma membrane is important for proper polarized growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Laura López-Marqués
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
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34
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Jain BK, Roland BP, Graham TR. Exofacial membrane composition and lipid metabolism regulates plasma membrane P4-ATPase substrate specificity. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:17997-18009. [PMID: 33060204 PMCID: PMC7939387 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.014794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The plasma membrane of a cell is characterized by an asymmetric distribution of lipid species across the exofacial and cytofacial aspects of the bilayer. Regulation of membrane asymmetry is a fundamental characteristic of membrane biology and is crucial for signal transduction, vesicle transport, and cell division. The type IV family of P-ATPases, or P4-ATPases, establishes membrane asymmetry by selection and transfer of a subset of membrane lipids from the lumenal or exofacial leaflet to the cytofacial aspect of the bilayer. It is unclear how P4-ATPases sort through the spectrum of membrane lipids to identify their desired substrate(s) and how the membrane environment modulates this activity. Therefore, we tested how the yeast plasma membrane P4-ATPase, Dnf2, responds to changes in membrane composition induced by perturbation of endogenous lipid biosynthetic pathways or exogenous application of lipid. The primary substrates of Dnf2 are glucosylceramide (GlcCer) and phosphatidylcholine (PC, or their lyso-lipid derivatives), and we find that these substrates compete with each other for transport. Acutely inhibiting sphingolipid synthesis using myriocin attenuates transport of exogenously applied GlcCer without perturbing PC transport. Deletion of genes controlling later steps of glycosphingolipid production also perturb GlcCer transport to a greater extent than PC transport. In contrast, perturbation of ergosterol biosynthesis reduces PC and GlcCer transport equivalently. Surprisingly, application of lipids that are poor transport substrates differentially affects PC and GlcCer transport by Dnf2, thus altering substrate preference. Our data indicate that Dnf2 exhibits exquisite sensitivity to the membrane composition, thus providing feedback onto the function of the P4-ATPases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhawik Kumar Jain
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Bartholomew P Roland
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Todd R Graham
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
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Bai L, You Q, Jain BK, Duan HD, Kovach A, Graham TR, Li H. Transport mechanism of P4 ATPase phosphatidylcholine flippases. eLife 2020; 9:62163. [PMID: 33320091 PMCID: PMC7773333 DOI: 10.7554/elife.62163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The P4 ATPases use ATP hydrolysis to transport large lipid substrates across lipid bilayers. The structures of the endosome- and Golgi-localized phosphatidylserine flippases—such as the yeast Drs2 and human ATP8A1—have recently been reported. However, a substrate-binding site on the cytosolic side has not been found, and the transport mechanisms of P4 ATPases with other substrates are unknown. Here, we report structures of the S. cerevisiae Dnf1–Lem3 and Dnf2–Lem3 complexes. We captured substrate phosphatidylcholine molecules on both the exoplasmic and cytosolic sides and found that they have similar structures. Unexpectedly, Lem3 contributes to substrate binding. The conformational transitions of these phosphatidylcholine transporters match those of the phosphatidylserine transporters, suggesting a conserved mechanism among P4 ATPases. Dnf1/Dnf2 have a unique P domain helix-turn-helix insertion that is important for function. Therefore, P4 ATPases may have retained an overall transport mechanism while evolving distinct features for different lipid substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Bai
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Qinglong You
- Department of Structural Biology, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, United States
| | - Bhawik K Jain
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, United States
| | - H Diessel Duan
- Department of Structural Biology, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, United States
| | - Amanda Kovach
- Department of Structural Biology, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, United States
| | - Todd R Graham
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, United States
| | - Huilin Li
- Department of Structural Biology, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, United States
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Effects of ATP9A on Extracellular Vesicle Release and Exosomal Lipid Composition. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:8865499. [PMID: 33178388 PMCID: PMC7647784 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8865499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Numerous biological processes are regulated by the intercellular communications arising from extracellular vesicles (EVs) released from cells. However, the mechanisms that regulate the quantity of EV discharged have yet to be understood. While it is known that ATP9A, a P4-ATPase, is involved in endosomal recycling, it is not clear whether it also contributes to the release of EVs and the makeup of exosomal lipids. This study is aimed at exploring the role of human ATP9A in the process of EV release and, further, to analyze the profiles of EV lipids regulated by ATP9A. Our results demonstrate that ATP9A is located in both the intracellular compartments and the plasma membrane. The percentage of ceramides and sphingosine was found to be significantly greater in the control cells than in the ATP9A overexpression and ATP9A knockout groups. However, EV release was greater in ATP9A knockout cells, indicating that ATP9A inhibits the release of EVs. This study revealed the effects of ATP9A on the release of EVs and the lipid composition of exosomes.
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Davis J, Pares R, Palmgren M, López-Marqués R, Harper J. A potential pathway for flippase-facilitated glucosylceramide catabolism in plants. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2020; 15:1783486. [PMID: 32857675 PMCID: PMC8550518 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2020.1783486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The Aminophospholipid ATPase (ALA) family of plant lipid flippases is involved in the selective transport of lipids across membrane bilayers. Recently, we demonstrated that double mutants lacking both ALA4 and -5 are severely dwarfed. Dwarfism in ala4/5 mutants was accompanied by cellular elongation defects and various lipidomic perturbations, including a 1.4-fold increase in the accumulation of glucosylceramides (GlcCers) relative to total sphingolipid content. Here, we present a potential model for flippase-facilitated GlcCer catabolism in plants, where a combination of ALA flippases transport GlcCers to cytosolic membrane surfaces where they are degraded by Glucosylceramidases (GCDs). GCDs remove the glucose headgroup from GlcCers to produce a ceramide (Cer) backbone, which can be further degraded to sphingoid bases (Sphs, e.g, phytosphingosine) and fatty acids (FAs). In the absence of GlcCer-transporting flippases, GlcCers are proposed to accumulate on extracytoplasmic (i.e., apoplastic) or lumenal membrane surfaces. As GlcCers are potential precursors for Sph production, impaired GlcCer catabolism might also result in the decreased production of the secondary messenger Sph-1-phosphate (Sph-1-P, e.g., phytosphingosine-1-P), a regulator of cell turgor. Importantly, we postulate that either GlcCer accumulation or reduced Sph-1-P signaling might contribute to the growth reductions observed in ala4/5 mutants. Similar catabolic pathways have been proposed for humans and yeast, suggesting flippase-facilitated GlcCer catabolism is conserved across eukaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J.A. Davis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA
- CONTACT Davis, J.A. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV89557, USA
| | - R.B. Pares
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA
| | - M. Palmgren
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - R.L. López-Marqués
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - J.F. Harper
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA
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Frøsig MM, Costa SR, Liesche J, Østerberg JT, Hanisch S, Nintemann S, Sørensen H, Palmgren M, Pomorski TG, López-Marqués RL. Pseudohyphal growth in Saccharomyces cerevisiae involves protein kinase-regulated lipid flippases. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:jcs235994. [PMID: 32661085 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.235994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid flippases of the P4 ATPase family establish phospholipid asymmetry in eukaryotic cell membranes and are involved in many essential cellular processes. The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae contains five P4 ATPases, among which Dnf3p is poorly characterized. Here, we demonstrate that Dnf3p is a flippase that catalyzes translocation of major glycerophospholipids, including phosphatidylserine, towards the cytosolic membrane leaflet. Deletion of the genes encoding Dnf3p and the distantly related P4 ATPases Dnf1p and Dnf2p results in yeast mutants with aberrant formation of pseudohyphae, suggesting that the Dnf1p-Dnf3p proteins have partly redundant functions in the control of this specialized form of polarized growth. Furthermore, as previously demonstrated for Dnf1 and Dnf2p, the phospholipid flipping activity of Dnf3p is positively regulated by flippase kinase 1 (Fpk1p) and Fpk2p. Phylogenetic analyses demonstrate that Dnf3p belongs to a subfamily of P4 ATPases specific for fungi and are likely to represent a hallmark of fungal evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merethe Mørch Frøsig
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK - 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Sara Rute Costa
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK - 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Johannes Liesche
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK - 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Jeppe Thulin Østerberg
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK - 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Susanne Hanisch
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK - 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Sebastian Nintemann
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK - 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Helle Sørensen
- Data Science Lab, Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 København Ø, Denmark
| | - Michael Palmgren
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK - 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Thomas Günther Pomorski
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK - 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Rosa L López-Marqués
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK - 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
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Lyons JA, Timcenko M, Dieudonné T, Lenoir G, Nissen P. P4-ATPases: how an old dog learnt new tricks — structure and mechanism of lipid flippases. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2020; 63:65-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2020.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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An optogenetic system to control membrane phospholipid asymmetry through flippase activation in budding yeast. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12474. [PMID: 32719316 PMCID: PMC7385178 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69459-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid asymmetry in biological membranes is essential for various cell functions, such as cell polarity, cytokinesis, and apoptosis. P4-ATPases (flippases) are involved in the generation of such asymmetry. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the protein kinases Fpk1p/Fpk2p activate the P4-ATPases Dnf1p/Dnf2p by phosphorylation. Previously, we have shown that a blue-light-dependent protein kinase, phototropin from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (CrPHOT), complements defects in an fpk1Δ fpk2Δ mutant. Herein, we investigated whether CrPHOT optically regulates P4-ATPase activity. First, we demonstrated that the translocation of NBD-labelled phospholipids to the cytoplasmic leaflet via P4-ATPases was promoted by blue-light irradiation in fpk1Δ fpk2Δ cells with CrPHOT. In addition, blue light completely suppressed the defects in membrane functions (such as endocytic recycling, actin depolarization, and apical-isotropic growth switching) caused by fpk1Δ fpk2Δ mutations. All responses required the kinase activity of CrPHOT. Hence, these results indicate the utility of CrPHOT as a powerful and first tool for optogenetic manipulation of P4-ATPase activity.
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Athanasopoulos A, André B, Sophianopoulou V, Gournas C. Fungal plasma membrane domains. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2020; 43:642-673. [PMID: 31504467 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuz022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The plasma membrane (PM) performs a plethora of physiological processes, the coordination of which requires spatial and temporal organization into specialized domains of different sizes, stability, protein/lipid composition and overall architecture. Compartmentalization of the PM has been particularly well studied in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, where five non-overlapping domains have been described: The Membrane Compartments containing the arginine permease Can1 (MCC), the H+-ATPase Pma1 (MCP), the TORC2 kinase (MCT), the sterol transporters Ltc3/4 (MCL), and the cell wall stress mechanosensor Wsc1 (MCW). Additional cortical foci at the fungal PM are the sites where clathrin-dependent endocytosis occurs, the sites where the external pH sensing complex PAL/Rim localizes, and sterol-rich domains found in apically grown regions of fungal membranes. In this review, we summarize knowledge from several fungal species regarding the organization of the lateral PM segregation. We discuss the mechanisms of formation of these domains, and the mechanisms of partitioning of proteins there. Finally, we discuss the physiological roles of the best-known membrane compartments, including the regulation of membrane and cell wall homeostasis, apical growth of fungal cells and the newly emerging role of MCCs as starvation-protective membrane domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros Athanasopoulos
- Microbial Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Institute of Biosciences and Applications, National Centre for Scientific Research 'Demokritos,' Patr. Grigoriou E & 27 Neapoleos St. 15341, Agia Paraskevi, Greece
| | - Bruno André
- Molecular Physiology of the Cell laboratory, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Institut de Biologie et de Médecine Moléculaires, rue des Pr Jeener et Brachet 12, 6041, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Vicky Sophianopoulou
- Microbial Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Institute of Biosciences and Applications, National Centre for Scientific Research 'Demokritos,' Patr. Grigoriou E & 27 Neapoleos St. 15341, Agia Paraskevi, Greece
| | - Christos Gournas
- Microbial Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Institute of Biosciences and Applications, National Centre for Scientific Research 'Demokritos,' Patr. Grigoriou E & 27 Neapoleos St. 15341, Agia Paraskevi, Greece
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42
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Okamoto S, Naito T, Shigetomi R, Kosugi Y, Nakayama K, Takatsu H, Shin HW. The N- or C-terminal cytoplasmic regions of P4-ATPases determine their cellular localization. Mol Biol Cell 2020; 31:2115-2124. [PMID: 32614659 PMCID: PMC7530900 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e20-04-0225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammalian P4-ATPases specifically localize to the plasma membrane and the membranes of intracellular compartments. P4-ATPases contain 10 transmembrane domains, and their N- and C-terminal (NT and CT) regions face the cytoplasm. Among the ATP10 and ATP11 proteins of P4-ATPases, ATP10A, ATP10D, ATP11A, and ATP11C localize to the plasma membrane, while ATP10B and ATP11B localize to late endosomes and early/recycling endosomes, respectively. We previously showed that the NT region of ATP9B is critical for its localization to the Golgi apparatus, while the CT regions of ATP11C isoforms are critical for Ca2+-dependent endocytosis or polarized localization at the plasma membrane. Here, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of chimeric proteins and found that the NT region of ATP10 proteins and the CT region of ATP11 proteins are responsible for their specific subcellular localization. Importantly, the ATP10B NT and the ATP11B CT regions were found to harbor a trafficking and/or targeting signal that allows these P4-ATPases to localize to late endosomes and early/recycling endosomes, respectively. Moreover, dileucine residues in the NT region of ATP10B were required for its trafficking to endosomal compartments. These results suggest that the NT and CT sequences of P4-ATPases play a key role in their intracellular trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayuri Okamoto
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Graduate School, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Tomoki Naito
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Graduate School, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Ryo Shigetomi
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Graduate School, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kosugi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Nakayama
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Graduate School, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Takatsu
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Graduate School, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hye-Won Shin
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Graduate School, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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43
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Mutated ATP10B increases Parkinson's disease risk by compromising lysosomal glucosylceramide export. Acta Neuropathol 2020; 139:1001-1024. [PMID: 32172343 PMCID: PMC7244618 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-020-02145-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative brain disease presenting with a variety of motor and non-motor symptoms, loss of midbrain dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta and the occurrence of α-synuclein-positive Lewy bodies in surviving neurons. Here, we performed whole exome sequencing in 52 early-onset PD patients and identified 3 carriers of compound heterozygous mutations in the ATP10B P4-type ATPase gene. Genetic screening of a Belgian PD and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) cohort identified 4 additional compound heterozygous mutation carriers (6/617 PD patients, 0.97%; 1/226 DLB patients, 0.44%). We established that ATP10B encodes a late endo-lysosomal lipid flippase that translocates the lipids glucosylceramide (GluCer) and phosphatidylcholine (PC) towards the cytosolic membrane leaflet. The PD associated ATP10B mutants are catalytically inactive and fail to provide cellular protection against the environmental PD risk factors rotenone and manganese. In isolated cortical neurons, loss of ATP10B leads to general lysosomal dysfunction and cell death. Impaired lysosomal functionality and integrity is well known to be implicated in PD pathology and linked to multiple causal PD genes and genetic risk factors. Our results indicate that recessive loss of function mutations in ATP10B increase risk for PD by disturbed lysosomal export of GluCer and PC. Both ATP10B and glucocerebrosidase 1, encoded by the PD risk gene GBA1, reduce lysosomal GluCer levels, emerging lysosomal GluCer accumulation as a potential PD driver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Won Shin
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Takatsu
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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45
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Smolders S, Van Broeckhoven C. Genetic perspective on the synergistic connection between vesicular transport, lysosomal and mitochondrial pathways associated with Parkinson's disease pathogenesis. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2020; 8:63. [PMID: 32375870 PMCID: PMC7201634 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-020-00935-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) and atypical parkinsonian syndromes (APS) are symptomatically characterized by parkinsonism, with the latter presenting additionally a distinctive range of atypical features. Although the majority of patients with PD and APS appear to be sporadic, genetic causes of several rare monogenic disease variants were identified. The knowledge acquired from these genetic factors indicated that defects in vesicular transport pathways, endo-lysosomal dysfunction, impaired autophagy-lysosomal protein and organelle degradation pathways, α-synuclein aggregation and mitochondrial dysfunction play key roles in PD pathogenesis. Moreover, membrane dynamics are increasingly recognized as a key player in the disease pathogenesis due lipid homeostasis alterations, associated with lysosomal dysfunction, caused by mutations in several PD and APS genes. The importance of lysosomal dysfunction and lipid homeostasis is strengthened by both genetic discoveries and clinical epidemiology of the association between parkinsonism and lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs), caused by the disruption of lysosomal biogenesis or function. A synergistic coordination between vesicular trafficking, lysosomal and mitochondria defects exist whereby mutations in PD and APS genes encoding proteins primarily involved one PD pathway are frequently associated with defects in other PD pathways as a secondary effect. Moreover, accumulating clinical and genetic observations suggest more complex inheritance patters of familial PD exist, including oligogenic and polygenic inheritance of genes in the same or interconnected PD pathways, further strengthening their synergistic connection.Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of PD and APS genes with functions in vesicular transport, lysosomal and mitochondrial pathways, and highlight functional and genetic evidence of the synergistic connection between these PD associated pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Smolders
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, VIB Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp - CDE, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Antwerpen, Belgium
- Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Christine Van Broeckhoven
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, VIB Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp - CDE, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Antwerpen, Belgium.
- Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium.
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46
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Davis JA, Pares RB, Bernstein T, McDowell SC, Brown E, Stubrich J, Rosenberg A, Cahoon EB, Cahoon RE, Poulsen LR, Palmgren M, López-Marqués RL, Harper JF. The Lipid Flippases ALA4 and ALA5 Play Critical Roles in Cell Expansion and Plant Growth. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 182:2111-2125. [PMID: 32051180 PMCID: PMC7140935 DOI: 10.1104/pp.19.01332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Aminophospholipid ATPases (ALAs) are lipid flippases involved in transporting specific lipids across membrane bilayers. Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) contains 12 ALAs in five phylogenetic clusters, including four in cluster 3 (ALA4-ALA7). ALA4/5 and ALA6/7, are expressed primarily in vegetative tissues and pollen, respectively. Previously, a double knockout of ALA6/7 was shown to result in pollen fertility defects. Here we show that a double knockout of ALA4/5 results in dwarfism, characterized by reduced growth in rosettes (6.5-fold), roots (4.3-fold), bolts (4.5-fold), and hypocotyls (2-fold). Reduced cell size was observed for multiple vegetative cell types, suggesting a role for ALA4/5 in cellular expansion. Members of the third ALA cluster are at least partially interchangeable, as transgenes expressing ALA6 in vegetative tissues partially rescued ala4/5 mutant phenotypes, and expression of ALA4 transgenes in pollen fully rescued ala6/7 mutant fertility defects. ALA4-GFP displayed plasma membrane and endomembrane localization patterns when imaged in both guard cells and pollen. Lipid profiling revealed ala4/5 rosettes had perturbations in glycerolipid and sphingolipid content. Assays in yeast revealed that ALA5 can flip a variety of glycerolipids and the sphingolipid sphingomyelin across membranes. These results support a model whereby the flippase activity of ALA4 and ALA5 impacts the homeostasis of both glycerolipids and sphingolipids and is important for cellular expansion during vegetative growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey A Davis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada at Reno, Reno, Nevada 89557
| | - Randall B Pares
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada at Reno, Reno, Nevada 89557
| | - Tilde Bernstein
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1871, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Stephen C McDowell
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada at Reno, Reno, Nevada 89557
| | - Elizabeth Brown
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada at Reno, Reno, Nevada 89557
| | - Jason Stubrich
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada at Reno, Reno, Nevada 89557
| | - Alexa Rosenberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada at Reno, Reno, Nevada 89557
| | - Edgar B Cahoon
- Department of Biochemistry and Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska at Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588
| | - Rebecca E Cahoon
- Department of Biochemistry and Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska at Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588
| | - Lisbeth R Poulsen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1871, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Michael Palmgren
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1871, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Rosa L López-Marqués
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1871, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Jeffrey F Harper
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada at Reno, Reno, Nevada 89557
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47
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Conserved mechanism of phospholipid substrate recognition by the P4-ATPase Neo1 from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2019; 1865:158581. [PMID: 31786280 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2019.158581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The type IV P-type ATPases (P4-ATPases) thus far characterized are lipid flippases that transport specific substrates, such as phosphatidylserine (PS) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), from the exofacial leaflet to the cytofacial leaflet of membranes. This transport activity generates compositional asymmetry between the two leaflets important for signal transduction, cytokinesis, vesicular transport, and host-pathogen interactions. Most P4-ATPases function as a heterodimer with a β-subunit from the Cdc50 protein family, but Neo1 from Saccharomyces cerevisiae and its metazoan orthologs lack a β-subunit requirement and it is unclear how these proteins transport substrate. Here we tested if residues linked to lipid substrate recognition in other P4-ATPases also contribute to Neo1 function in budding yeast. Point mutations altering entry gate residues in the first (Q209A) and fourth (S457Q) transmembrane segments of Neo1, where phospholipid substrate would initially be selected, disrupt PS and PE membrane asymmetry, but do not perturb growth of cells. Mutation of both entry gate residues inactivates Neo1, and cells expressing this variant are inviable. We also identified a gain-of-function mutation in the second transmembrane segment of Neo1 (Neo1[Y222S]), predicted to help form the entry gate, that substantially enhances Neo1's ability to replace the function of a well characterized phospholipid flippase, Drs2, in establishing PS and PE asymmetry. These results suggest a common mechanism for substrate recognition in widely divergent P4-ATPases.
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Tone T, Nakayama K, Takatsu H, Shin HW. ATPase reaction cycle of P4-ATPases affects their transport from the endoplasmic reticulum. FEBS Lett 2019; 594:412-423. [PMID: 31571211 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
P4-ATPases belonging to the P-type ATPase superfamily mediate active transport of phospholipids across cellular membranes. Most P4-ATPases, except ATP9A and ATP9B proteins, form heteromeric complexes with CDC50 proteins, which are required for transport of P4-ATPases from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to their final destinations. P-type ATPases form autophosphorylated intermediates during the ATPase reaction cycle. However, the association of the catalytic cycle of P4-ATPases with their transport from the ER and their cellular localization has not been studied. Here, we show that transport of ATP9 and ATP11 proteins as well as that of ATP10A from the ER depends on the ATPase catalytic cycle, suggesting that conformational changes in P4-ATPases during the catalytic cycle are crucial for their transport from the ER.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Tone
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Nakayama
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Takatsu
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - Hye-Won Shin
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Japan
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Rizzo J, Stanchev LD, da Silva VK, Nimrichter L, Pomorski TG, Rodrigues ML. Role of lipid transporters in fungal physiology and pathogenicity. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2019; 17:1278-1289. [PMID: 31921394 PMCID: PMC6944739 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2019.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The fungal cell wall and membrane are the most common targets of antifungal agents, but the potential of membrane lipid organization in regulating drug-target interactions has yet to be investigated. Energy-dependent lipid transporters have been recently associated with virulence and drug resistance in many pathogenic fungi. To illustrate this view, we discuss (i) the structural and biological aspects of ATP-driven lipid transporters, comprising P-type ATPases and ATP-binding cassette transporters, (ii) the role of these transporters in fungal physiology and virulence, and (iii) the potential of lipid transporters as targets for the development of novel antifungals. These recent observations indicate that the lipid-trafficking machinery in fungi is a promising target for studies on physiology, pathogenesis and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Rizzo
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes (IMPG), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lyubomir Dimitrov Stanchev
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 44780 Bochum, Germany
- Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C,Denmark
| | - Vanessa K.A. da Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Parasitária do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Nimrichter
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes (IMPG), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Thomas Günther Pomorski
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 44780 Bochum, Germany
- Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C,Denmark
| | - Marcio L. Rodrigues
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes (IMPG), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Instituto Carlos Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Curitiba, Brazil
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Takayama M, Takatsu H, Hamamoto A, Inoue H, Naito T, Nakayama K, Shin HW. The cytoplasmic C-terminal region of the ATP11C variant determines its localization at the polarized plasma membrane. J Cell Sci 2019; 132:jcs.231720. [PMID: 31371488 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.231720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
ATP11C, a member of the P4-ATPase family, is a major phosphatidylserine (PS)-flippase located at the plasma membrane. ATP11C deficiency causes a defect in B-cell maturation, anemia and hyperbilirubinemia. Although there are several alternatively spliced variants derived from the ATP11C gene, the functional differences between them have not been considered. Here, we compared and characterized three C-terminal spliced forms (we designated as ATP11C-a, ATP11C-b and ATP11C-c), with respect to their expression patterns in cell types and tissues, and their subcellular localizations. We had previously shown that the C-terminus of ATP11C-a is critical for endocytosis upon PKC activation. Here, we found that ATP11C-b and ATP11C-c did not undergo endocytosis upon PKC activation. Importantly, we also found that ATP11C-b localized to a limited region of the plasma membrane in polarized cells, whereas ATP11C-a was distributed on the entire plasma membrane in both polarized and non-polarized cells. Moreover, we successfully identified LLXY residues within the ATP11C-b C-terminus as a critical motif for the polarized localization. These results suggest that the ATP11C-b regulates PS distribution in distinct regions of the plasma membrane in polarized cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Takayama
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Takatsu
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Asuka Hamamoto
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroki Inoue
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Tomoki Naito
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Nakayama
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hye-Won Shin
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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