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Stewart KS, Abdusselamoglu MD, Tierney MT, Gola A, Hur YH, Gonzales KAU, Yuan S, Bonny AR, Yang Y, Infarinato NR, Cowley CJ, Levorse JM, Pasolli HA, Ghosh S, Rothlin CV, Fuchs E. Stem cells tightly regulate dead cell clearance to maintain tissue fitness. Nature 2024:10.1038/s41586-024-07855-6. [PMID: 39169186 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07855-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Billions of cells are eliminated daily from our bodies1-4. Although macrophages and dendritic cells are dedicated to migrating and engulfing dying cells and debris, many epithelial and mesenchymal tissue cells can digest nearby apoptotic corpses1-4. How these non-motile, non-professional phagocytes sense and eliminate dying cells while maintaining their normal tissue functions is unclear. Here we explore the mechanisms that underlie their multifunctionality by exploiting the cyclical bouts of tissue regeneration and degeneration during hair cycling. We show that hair follicle stem cells transiently unleash phagocytosis at the correct time and place through local molecular triggers that depend on both lipids released by neighbouring apoptotic corpses and retinoids released by healthy counterparts. We trace the heart of this dual ligand requirement to RARγ-RXRα, whose activation enables tight regulation of apoptotic cell clearance genes and provides an effective, tunable mechanism to offset phagocytic duties against the primary stem cell function of preserving tissue integrity during homeostasis. Finally, we provide functional evidence that hair follicle stem cell-mediated phagocytosis is not simply redundant with professional phagocytes but rather has clear benefits to tissue fitness. Our findings have broad implications for other non-motile tissue stem or progenitor cells that encounter cell death in an immune-privileged niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine S Stewart
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Robin Chemers Neustein Laboratory of Mammalian Cell Biology and Development, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Merve Deniz Abdusselamoglu
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Robin Chemers Neustein Laboratory of Mammalian Cell Biology and Development, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Matthew T Tierney
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Robin Chemers Neustein Laboratory of Mammalian Cell Biology and Development, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anita Gola
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Robin Chemers Neustein Laboratory of Mammalian Cell Biology and Development, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yun Ha Hur
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Robin Chemers Neustein Laboratory of Mammalian Cell Biology and Development, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Kevin A U Gonzales
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Robin Chemers Neustein Laboratory of Mammalian Cell Biology and Development, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Discovery Technology and Genomics, Novo Nordisk Research Centre Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Shaopeng Yuan
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Robin Chemers Neustein Laboratory of Mammalian Cell Biology and Development, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- Altos Labs, Cambridge Institute of Science, Granta Park, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alain R Bonny
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Robin Chemers Neustein Laboratory of Mammalian Cell Biology and Development, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yihao Yang
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Robin Chemers Neustein Laboratory of Mammalian Cell Biology and Development, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- Altos Labs, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Nicole R Infarinato
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Robin Chemers Neustein Laboratory of Mammalian Cell Biology and Development, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- PrecisionScienta, Yardley, PA, USA
| | - Christopher J Cowley
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Robin Chemers Neustein Laboratory of Mammalian Cell Biology and Development, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - John M Levorse
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Robin Chemers Neustein Laboratory of Mammalian Cell Biology and Development, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hilda Amalia Pasolli
- Electron Microscopy Resource Center, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sourav Ghosh
- Departments of Neurology and Pharmacology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Carla V Rothlin
- Departments of Immunobiology and Pharmacology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Elaine Fuchs
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Robin Chemers Neustein Laboratory of Mammalian Cell Biology and Development, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.
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2
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Bánáti D, Hellman-Regen J, Mack I, Young HA, Benton D, Eggersdorfer M, Rohn S, Dulińska-Litewka J, Krężel W, Rühl R. Defining a vitamin A5/X specific deficiency - vitamin A5/X as a critical dietary factor for mental health. INT J VITAM NUTR RES 2024; 94:443-475. [PMID: 38904956 DOI: 10.1024/0300-9831/a000808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
A healthy and balanced diet is an important factor to assure a good functioning of the central and peripheral nervous system. Retinoid X receptor (RXR)-mediated signaling was identified as an important mechanism of transmitting major diet-dependent physiological and nutritional signaling such as the control of myelination and dopamine signalling. Recently, vitamin A5/X, mainly present in vegetables as provitamin A5/X, was identified as a new concept of a vitamin which functions as the nutritional precursor for enabling RXR-mediated signaling. The active form of vitamin A5/X, 9-cis-13,14-dehydroretinoic acid (9CDHRA), induces RXR-activation, thereby acting as the central switch for enabling various heterodimer-RXR-signaling cascades involving various partner heterodimers like the fatty acid and eicosanoid receptors/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), the cholesterol receptors/liver X receptors (LXRs), the vitamin D receptor (VDR), and the vitamin A(1) receptors/retinoic acid receptors (RARs). Thus, nutritional supply of vitamin A5/X might be a general nutritional-dependent switch for enabling this large cascade of hormonal signaling pathways and thus appears important to guarantee an overall organism homeostasis. RXR-mediated signaling was shown to be dependent on vitamin A5/X with direct effects for beneficial physiological and neuro-protective functions mediated systemically or directly in the brain. In summary, through control of dopamine signaling, amyloid β-clearance, neuro-protection and neuro-inflammation, the vitamin A5/X - RXR - RAR - vitamin A(1)-signaling might be "one of" or even "the" critical factor(s) necessary for good mental health, healthy brain aging, as well as for preventing drug addiction and prevention of a large array of nervous system diseases. Likewise, vitamin A5/X - RXR - non-RAR-dependent signaling relevant for myelination/re-myelination and phagocytosis/brain cleanup will contribute to such regulations too. In this review we discuss the basic scientific background, logical connections and nutritional/pharmacological expert recommendations for the nervous system especially considering the ageing brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diána Bánáti
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Szeged, Hungary
| | - Julian Hellman-Regen
- Department of Psychiatry, Charité-Campus Benjamin Franklin, Section Neurobiology, University Medicine Berlin, Germany
| | - Isabelle Mack
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hayley A Young
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences, Swansea University, UK
| | - David Benton
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences, Swansea University, UK
| | - Manfred Eggersdorfer
- Department of Healthy Ageing, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), The Netherlands
| | - Sascha Rohn
- Department of Food Chemistry and Analysis, Institute of Food Technology and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Wojciech Krężel
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Inserm U1258, CNRS UMR 7104, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
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Rahimpour A, Shahbazi B, Mafakher L. Discovery of small molecules from natural compound databases as potent retinoid X alpha receptor agonists to treat Alzheimer's disease. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024:1-15. [PMID: 38373033 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2024.2313166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's is characterized as a progressive neurodegenerative disease due to beta-amyloid accumulation in the brain. Some previous studies reported that RXR agonists could be effective in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. There are currently numerous attempts being made to discover a natural RXR agonist that is more potent than 9-cis-retinoic acid (9CR). One of the most efficient resources for finding high-potential compounds is natural databases. In this study, 81215 compounds from the IB screen library as natural databases were docked against the RXR-alpha binding site. The best compounds discovered interact with the RXR-alpha binding site with a lower binding energy (-11 to -13 kcal/mol) than the binding energy of -10.94 kcal/mol for 9-cis, which means that these compounds could interact stronger with RXR-alpha than 9CR. All selected compounds could pass the blood-brain barrier. Physiochemical properties assessment indicated that all compounds passed Lipinski's rule and had the potential to be oral drug candidates. The stability of protein-ligand complexes during a timescale of 100 ns by Molecular Dynamics simulation demonstrated that all compounds could effectively interact with the RXR binding site. The molecular mechanics/Poisson-Boltzmann surface area (MM/PBSA) represented that all selected hit compounds had a better binding affinity to the alpha RXR binding site compared to 9CR, which means these hit compounds had potential drug candidates for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. However, experimental assessment is needed to validate this result.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Rahimpour
- Islamic Azad University of Science and Research Branch Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behzad Shahbazi
- Molecular Medicine Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ladan Mafakher
- Thalassemia & Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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4
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Zhang Y, Jin Y, Li J, Yan Y, Wang T, Wang X, Li Z, Qin X. CXCL14 as a Key Regulator of Neuronal Development: Insights from Its Receptor and Multi-Omics Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1651. [PMID: 38338930 PMCID: PMC10855946 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
CXCL14 is not only involved in the immune process but is also closely related to neurodevelopment according to its molecular evolution. However, what role it plays in neurodevelopment remains unclear. In the present research, we found that, by crossbreeding CXCL14+/- and CXCL14-/- mice, the number of CXCL14-/- mice in their offspring was lower than the Mendelian frequency; CXCL14-/- mice had significantly fewer neurons in the external pyramidal layer of cortex than CXCL14+/- mice; and CXCL14 may be involved in synaptic plasticity, neuron projection, and chemical synaptic transmission based on analysis of human clinical transcriptome data. The expression of CXCL14 was highest at day 14.5 in the embryonic phase and after birth in the mRNA and protein levels. Therefore, we hypothesized that CXCL14 promotes the development of neurons in the somatic layer of the pyramidal cells of mice cortex on embryonic day 14.5. In order to further explore its mechanism, CXCR4 and CXCR7 were suggested as receptors by Membrane-Anchored Ligand and Receptor Yeast Two-Hybrid technology. Through metabolomic techniques, we inferred that CXCL14 promotes the development of neurons by regulating fatty acid anabolism and glycerophospholipid anabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinjie Zhang
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan 030006, China (T.W.)
| | - Yue Jin
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan 030006, China (T.W.)
| | - Jingjing Li
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yan Yan
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan 030006, China (T.W.)
| | - Ting Wang
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan 030006, China (T.W.)
| | - Xuanlin Wang
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan 030006, China (T.W.)
| | - Zhenyu Li
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan 030006, China (T.W.)
| | - Xuemei Qin
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan 030006, China (T.W.)
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5
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Majou D, Dermenghem AL. Effects of DHA (omega-3 fatty acid) and estradiol on amyloid β-peptide regulation in the brain. Brain Res 2024; 1823:148681. [PMID: 37992797 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2023.148681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
In the early stages of sporadic Alzheimer's disease (SAD), there is a strong correlation between memory impairment and cortical levels of soluble amyloid-β peptide oligomers (Aβ). It has become clear that Aβ disrupt glutamatergic synaptic function, which can in turn lead to the characteristic cognitive deficits of SAD, but the actual pathways are still not well understood. This opinion article describes the pathogenic mechanisms underlying cerebral amyloidosis. These mechanisms are dependent on the amyloid precursor protein and concern the synthesis of Aβ peptides with competition between the non-amyloidogenic pathway and the amyloidogenic pathway (i.e. a competition between the ADAM10 and BACE1 enzymes), on the one hand, and the various processes of Aβ residue clearance, on the other hand. This clearance mobilizes both endopeptidases (NEP, and IDE) and removal transporters across the blood-brain barrier (LRP1, ABCB1, and RAGE). Lipidated ApoE also plays a major role in all processes. The disturbance of these pathways induces an accumulation of Aβ. The description of the mechanisms reveals two key molecules in particular: (i) free estradiol, which has genomic and non-genomic action, and (ii) free DHA as a preferential ligand of PPARα-RXRα and PPARɣ-RXRα heterodimers. DHA and free estradiol are also self-regulating, and act in synergy. When a certain level of chronic DHA and free estradiol deficiency is reached, a permanent imbalance is established in the central nervous system. The consequences of these deficits are revealed in particular by the presence of Aβ peptide deposits, as well as other markers of the etiology of SAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didier Majou
- ACTIA, 149, rue de Bercy, 75595 Paris Cedex 12, France.
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6
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Rao AS, Nair A, Nivetha K, Ayesha B, Hardi K, Divya V, Veena SM, Anantharaju KS, More SS. Impacts of Omega-3 Fatty Acids, Natural Elixirs for Neuronal Health, on Brain Development and Functions. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2761:209-229. [PMID: 38427239 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3662-6_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Omega-3 fatty acids play a seminal role in maintaining the structural and functional integrity of the nervous system. These specialized molecules function as precursors for many lipid-based biological messengers. Also, studies suggest the role of these fatty acids in regulating healthy sleep cycles, cognitive ability, brain development, etc. Dietary intake of essential poly unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are foundational to the optimal working of the nervous system. Besides regulating health, these biomolecules have great therapeutic value in treating several diseases, particularly nervous system diseases and disorders. Many recent studies conclusively demonstrated the beneficial effects of Omega-3 fatty acids in treating depression, neuropsychiatric disorders, neurodegenerative disorders, neurochemical disorders, and many other illnesses associated with the nervous system. This chapter summates the multifaceted role of poly unsaturated fatty acids, especially Omega-3 fatty acids (EPA and DHA), in the neuronal health and functioning. The importance of dietary intake of these essential fatty acids, their recommended dosages, bioavailability, the mechanism of their action, and therapeutic values are extensively discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana S Rao
- School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Dayananda Sagar University, Bangalore, India
| | - Ajay Nair
- School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Dayananda Sagar University, Bangalore, India
| | - K Nivetha
- School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Dayananda Sagar University, Bangalore, India
| | - Bibi Ayesha
- School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Dayananda Sagar University, Bangalore, India
| | - Kapadia Hardi
- School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Dayananda Sagar University, Bangalore, India
| | - Vora Divya
- School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Dayananda Sagar University, Bangalore, India
| | - S M Veena
- Department of Biotechnology, Sapthagiri College of Engineering, Bangalore, India
| | - K S Anantharaju
- Department of Chemistry, Dayananda Sagar College of Engineering, Bangalore, India
| | - Sunil S More
- School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Dayananda Sagar University, Bangalore, India
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7
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Liu RZ, Choi WS, Jain S, Xu X, Elsherbiny ME, Glubrecht DD, Tessier AG, Easaw JC, Fallone BG, Godbout R. Stationary-to-migratory transition in glioblastoma stem-like cells driven by a fatty acid-binding protein 7-RXRα neurogenic pathway. Neuro Oncol 2023; 25:2177-2190. [PMID: 37499046 PMCID: PMC10708933 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noad134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma (GBM) stem-like cells (GSCs) are crucial drivers of treatment resistance and tumor recurrence. While the concept of "migrating" cancer stem cells was proposed a decade ago, the roles and underlying mechanisms of the heterogeneous populations of GSCs remain poorly defined. METHODS Cell migration using GBM cell lines and patient-derived GSCs was examined using Transwell inserts and the scratch assay. Single-cell RNA sequencing data analysis were used to map GSC drivers to specific GBM cell populations. Xenografted mice were used to model the role of brain-type fatty acid-binding protein 7 (FABP7) in GBM infiltration and expansion. The mechanism by which FABP7 and its fatty acid ligands promote GSC migration was examined by gel shift and luciferase gene reporter assays. RESULTS A subpopulation of FABP7-expressing migratory GSCs was identified, with FABP7 upregulating SOX2, a key modulator for GBM stemness and plasticity, and ZEB1, a prominent factor in GBM epithelial-mesenchymal transition and invasiveness. Our data indicate that GSC migration is driven by nuclear FABP7 through activation of RXRα, a nuclear receptor activated by polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). CONCLUSION Infiltrative progression in GBM is driven by migratory GSCs through activation of a PUFA-FABP7-RXRα neurogenic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Zong Liu
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Won-Shik Choi
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Saket Jain
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Xia Xu
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | | | - Darryl D Glubrecht
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Anthony G Tessier
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Jacob C Easaw
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - B Gino Fallone
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Roseline Godbout
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Yoo HS, Moss KO, Cockrum MA, Woo W, Napoli JL. Energy status regulates levels of the RAR/RXR ligand 9-cis-retinoic acid in mammalian tissues: Glucose reduces its synthesis in β-cells. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105255. [PMID: 37714463 PMCID: PMC10582780 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023] Open
Abstract
9-cis-retinoic acid (9cRA) binds retinoic acid receptors (RAR) and retinoid X receptors (RXR) with nanomolar affinities, in contrast to all-trans-retinoic acid (atRA), which binds only RAR with nanomolar affinities. RXR heterodimerize with type II nuclear receptors, including RAR, to regulate a vast gene array. Despite much effort, 9cRA has not been identified as an endogenous retinoid, other than in pancreas. By revising tissue analysis methods, 9cRA quantification by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry becomes possible in all mouse tissues analyzed. 9cRA occurs in concentrations similar to or greater than atRA. Fasting increases 9cRA in white and brown adipose, brain and pancreas, while increasing atRA in white adipose, liver and pancreas. 9cRA supports FoxO1 actions in pancreas β-cells and counteracts glucose actions that lead to glucotoxicity; in part by inducing Atg7 mRNA, which encodes the key enzyme essential for autophagy. Glucose suppresses 9cRA biosynthesis in the β-cell lines 832/13 and MIN6. Glucose reduces 9cRA biosynthesis in 832/13 cells by inhibiting Rdh5 transcription, unconnected to insulin, through cAMP and Akt, and inhibiting FoxO1. Through adapting tissue specifically to fasting, 9cRA would act independent of atRA. Widespread occurrence of 9cRA in vivo, and its self-sufficient adaptation to energy status, provides new perspectives into regulation of energy balance, attenuation of insulin and glucose actions, regulation of type II nuclear receptors, and retinoid biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Sik Yoo
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, Graduate Program in Metabolic Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Kristin Obrochta Moss
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, Graduate Program in Metabolic Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Michael A Cockrum
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, Graduate Program in Metabolic Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Wonsik Woo
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, Graduate Program in Metabolic Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Joseph L Napoli
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, Graduate Program in Metabolic Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA.
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9
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Bowman CE, Arany Z. The newborn heart GLAdly benefits from maternal milk. THE JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR AGING 2023; 3:35. [PMID: 38009126 PMCID: PMC10669781 DOI: 10.20517/jca.2023.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Caitlyn E. Bowman
- Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine,
University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Biology Department, Williams College, Williamstown, MA
01267, USA
| | - Zoltan Arany
- Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine,
University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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10
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Wang W(J, Snider N. Discovery and Potential Utility of a Novel Non-Invasive Ocular Delivery Platform. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2344. [PMID: 37765311 PMCID: PMC10535219 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15092344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
To this day, the use of oily eye drops and non-invasive retinal delivery remain a major challenge. Oily eye drops usually cause ocular irritation and interfere with the normal functioning of the eye, while ocular injections for retinal drug delivery cause significant adverse effects and a high burden on the healthcare system. Here, the authors report a novel topical non-invasive ocular delivery platform (NIODP) through the periorbital skin for high-efficiency anterior and posterior ocular delivery in a non-human primate model (NHP). A single dose of about 7 mg JV-MD2 (omega 3 DHA) was delivered via the NIODP and reached the retina at a Cmax of 111 µg/g and the cornea at a Cmax of 66 µg/g. The NIODP also delivered JV-DE1, an anti-inflammatory agent in development for dry eye diseases, as efficiently as eye drops did to the anterior segments of the NHP. The topical NIODP seems to transport drug candidates through the corneal pathway to the anterior and via the conjunctiva/sclera pathway to the posterior segments of the eye. The novel NIODP method has the potential to reshape the landscape of ocular drug delivery. This is especially the case for oily eye drops and retinal delivery, where the success of the treatment lies in the ocular tolerability and bioavailability of drugs in the target tissue.
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11
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Taskinen JH, Ruhanen H, Matysik S, Käkelä R, Olkkonen VM. Systemwide effects of ER-intracellular membrane contact site disturbance in primary endothelial cells. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2023; 232:106349. [PMID: 37321512 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2023.106349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Membrane contact sites (MCS) make up a crucial route of inter-organelle non-vesicular transport within the cell. Multiple proteins are involved in this process, which includes the ER-resident proteins vesicle associated membrane protein associated protein A and -B (VAPA/B) that form MCS between the ER and other membrane compartments. Currently most functional data on VAP depleted phenotypes have shown alterations in lipid homeostasis, induction of ER stress, dysfunction of UPR and autophagy, as well as neurodegeneration. Literature on concurrent silencing of VAPA/B is still sparse; therefore, we investigated how it affects the macromolecule pools of primary endothelial cells. Our transcriptomics results showed significant upregulation in genes related to inflammation, ER and Golgi dysfunction, ER stress, cell adhesion, as well as Coat Protein Complex-I and -II (COP-I, COP-II) vesicle transport. Genes related to cellular division were downregulated, as well as key genes of lipid and sterol biosynthesis. Lipidomics analyses revealed reductions in cholesteryl esters, very long chain highly unsaturated and saturated lipids, whereas increases in free cholesterol and relatively short chain unsaturated lipids were evident. Furthermore, the knockdown resulted in an inhibition of angiogenesis in vitro. We speculate that ER MCS depletion has led to multifaceted outcomes, which include elevated ER free cholesterol content and ER stress, alterations in lipid metabolism, ER-Golgi function and vesicle transport, which have led to a reduction in angiogenesis. The silencing also induced an inflammatory response, consistent with upregulation of markers of early atherogenesis. To conclude, ER MCS mediated by VAPA/B play a crucial role in maintaining cholesterol traffic and sustain normal endothelial functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juuso H Taskinen
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Tukholmankatu 8, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hanna Ruhanen
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 1, PO BOX 65, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland; Helsinki University Lipidomics Unit (HiLIPID), Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE) and Biocenter Finland, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 1, PO BOX 65, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Silke Matysik
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Reijo Käkelä
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 1, PO BOX 65, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland; Helsinki University Lipidomics Unit (HiLIPID), Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE) and Biocenter Finland, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 1, PO BOX 65, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Vesa M Olkkonen
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Tukholmankatu 8, 00290 Helsinki, Finland; Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00290 Helsinki, Finland.
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12
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Manoharan I, Shanmugam A, Ramalingam M, Patel N, Thangaraju M, Ande S, Pacholczyk R, Prasad PD, Manicassamy S. The Transcription Factor RXRα in CD11c+ APCs Regulates Intestinal Immune Homeostasis and Inflammation. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2023; 211:853-861. [PMID: 37477694 PMCID: PMC10538854 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
APCs such as dendritic cells and macrophages play a pivotal role in mediating immune tolerance and restoring intestinal immune homeostasis by limiting inflammatory responses against commensal bacteria. However, cell-intrinsic molecular regulators critical for programming intestinal APCs to a regulatory state rather than an inflammatory state are unknown. In this study, we report that the transcription factor retinoid X receptor α (RXRα) signaling in CD11c+ APCs is essential for suppressing intestinal inflammation by imparting an anti-inflammatory phenotype. Using a mouse model of ulcerative colitis, we demonstrated that targeted deletion of RXRα in CD11c+ APCs in mice resulted in the loss of T cell homeostasis with enhanced intestinal inflammation and increased histopathological severity of colonic tissue. This was due to the increased production of proinflammatory cytokines that drive Th1/Th17 responses and decreased expression of immune-regulatory factors that promote regulatory T cell differentiation in the colon. Consistent with these findings, pharmacological activation of the RXRα pathway alleviated colitis severity in mice by suppressing the expression of inflammatory cytokines and limiting Th1/Th17 cell differentiation. These findings identify an essential role for RXRα in APCs in regulating intestinal immune homeostasis and inflammation. Thus, manipulating the RXRα pathway could provide novel opportunities for enhancing regulatory responses and dampening colonic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indumathi Manoharan
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | | | | | - Nikhil Patel
- Department of Pathology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA USA
| | - Muthusamy Thangaraju
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Satyanarayana Ande
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | | | - Puttur D. Prasad
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Santhakumar Manicassamy
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
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13
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Talvio K, Wagner VA, Minkeviciene R, Kirkwood JS, Kulinich AO, Umemori J, Bhatia A, Hur M, Käkelä R, Ethell IM, Castrén ML. An iPSC-derived astrocyte model of fragile X syndrome exhibits dysregulated cholesterol homeostasis. Commun Biol 2023; 6:789. [PMID: 37516746 PMCID: PMC10387075 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05147-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol is an essential membrane structural component and steroid hormone precursor, and is involved in numerous signaling processes. Astrocytes regulate brain cholesterol homeostasis and they supply cholesterol to the needs of neurons. ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) is the main cholesterol efflux transporter in astrocytes. Here we show dysregulated cholesterol homeostasis in astrocytes generated from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) derived from males with fragile X syndrome (FXS), which is the most common cause of inherited intellectual disability. ABCA1 levels are reduced in FXS human and mouse astrocytes when compared with controls. Accumulation of cholesterol associates with increased desmosterol and polyunsaturated phospholipids in the lipidome of FXS mouse astrocytes. Abnormal astrocytic responses to cytokine exposure together with altered anti-inflammatory and cytokine profiles of human FXS astrocyte secretome suggest contribution of inflammatory factors to altered cholesterol homeostasis. Our results demonstrate changes of astrocytic lipid metabolism, which can critically regulate membrane properties and affect cholesterol transport in FXS astrocytes, providing target for therapy in FXS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karo Talvio
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Victoria A Wagner
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, and Neuroscience Graduate Program, School of Medicine, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Rimante Minkeviciene
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jay S Kirkwood
- Metabolomics Core Facility, Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Anna O Kulinich
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, and Neuroscience Graduate Program, School of Medicine, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Juzoh Umemori
- Gene and Cell Technology, A.I.Virtanen Institute, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Anil Bhatia
- Metabolomics Core Facility, Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Manhoi Hur
- Metabolomics Core Facility, Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Reijo Käkelä
- Helsinki University Lipidomics Unit, HiLIPID, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, HiLIFE, Biocenter Finland (Metabolomics), and Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Iryna M Ethell
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, and Neuroscience Graduate Program, School of Medicine, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Maija L Castrén
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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14
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Paredes A, Justo-Méndez R, Jiménez-Blasco D, Núñez V, Calero I, Villalba-Orero M, Alegre-Martí A, Fischer T, Gradillas A, Sant'Anna VAR, Were F, Huang Z, Hernansanz-Agustín P, Contreras C, Martínez F, Camafeita E, Vázquez J, Ruiz-Cabello J, Area-Gómez E, Sánchez-Cabo F, Treuter E, Bolaños JP, Estébanez-Perpiñá E, Rupérez FJ, Barbas C, Enríquez JA, Ricote M. γ-Linolenic acid in maternal milk drives cardiac metabolic maturation. Nature 2023; 618:365-373. [PMID: 37225978 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06068-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Birth presents a metabolic challenge to cardiomyocytes as they reshape fuel preference from glucose to fatty acids for postnatal energy production1,2. This adaptation is triggered in part by post-partum environmental changes3, but the molecules orchestrating cardiomyocyte maturation remain unknown. Here we show that this transition is coordinated by maternally supplied γ-linolenic acid (GLA), an 18:3 omega-6 fatty acid enriched in the maternal milk. GLA binds and activates retinoid X receptors4 (RXRs), ligand-regulated transcription factors that are expressed in cardiomyocytes from embryonic stages. Multifaceted genome-wide analysis revealed that the lack of RXR in embryonic cardiomyocytes caused an aberrant chromatin landscape that prevented the induction of an RXR-dependent gene expression signature controlling mitochondrial fatty acid homeostasis. The ensuing defective metabolic transition featured blunted mitochondrial lipid-derived energy production and enhanced glucose consumption, leading to perinatal cardiac dysfunction and death. Finally, GLA supplementation induced RXR-dependent expression of the mitochondrial fatty acid homeostasis signature in cardiomyocytes, both in vitro and in vivo. Thus, our study identifies the GLA-RXR axis as a key transcriptional regulatory mechanism underlying the maternal control of perinatal cardiac metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paredes
- Cardiovascular Regeneration Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Justo-Méndez
- Cardiovascular Regeneration Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Jiménez-Blasco
- Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics (IBFG), University of Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
- Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Vanessa Núñez
- Cardiovascular Regeneration Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Calero
- Cardiovascular Regeneration Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - María Villalba-Orero
- Cardiovascular Regeneration Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Medicina y Cirugía Animal, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrea Alegre-Martí
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB) of the University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Thierry Fischer
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CNB/CSIC), Campus Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Gradillas
- Centro de Metabolómica y Bioanálisis (CEMBIO), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Felipe Were
- Bioinformatics Unit, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Zhiqiang Huang
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Pablo Hernansanz-Agustín
- Cardiovascular Regeneration Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Contreras
- Cardiovascular Regeneration Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Martínez
- Bioinformatics Unit, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Emilio Camafeita
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
- Proteomics Unit, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Vázquez
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
- Proteomics Unit, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Ruiz-Cabello
- CIC biomaGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), San Sebastian, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Estela Area-Gómez
- Departament of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Campus, New York, NY, USA
| | - Fátima Sánchez-Cabo
- Bioinformatics Unit, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Eckardt Treuter
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Juan Pedro Bolaños
- Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics (IBFG), University of Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
- Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva Estébanez-Perpiñá
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB) of the University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Rupérez
- Centro de Metabolómica y Bioanálisis (CEMBIO), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain
| | - Coral Barbas
- Centro de Metabolómica y Bioanálisis (CEMBIO), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Antonio Enríquez
- Cardiovascular Regeneration Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercedes Ricote
- Cardiovascular Regeneration Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain.
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15
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Farasati Far B, Broomand Lomer N, Gharedaghi H, Sahrai H, Mahmoudvand G, Karimi Rouzbahani A. Is beta-carotene consumption associated with thyroid hormone levels? Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1089315. [PMID: 37305054 PMCID: PMC10250628 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1089315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The thyroid hormones play a pivotal role in various physiological processes, including growth, metabolism regulation, and reproduction. While non-modifiable factors are known to impact thyroid function, such as genetics and age, nutritional factors are also important. Diets rich in selenium and iodine are conventionally acknowledged to be beneficial for the production and release of thyroid hormones. Recent studies have suggested a potential link between beta-carotene, a precursor to vitamin A (retinol), and thyroid function. Beta-carotene is known for its antioxidant properties and has been shown to play a role in the prevention of various clinical conditions such as cancer and cardiovascular and neurological diseases. However, its impact on thyroid function is still unclear. Some studies have suggested a positive association between beta-carotene levels and thyroid function, while others have found no significant effect. Conversely, the hormone produced by the thyroid gland, thyroxine, enhances the conversion of beta-carotene to retinol. Furthermore, vitamin A derivatives are being explored as potential therapeutic options for thyroid malignancies. In this review, we highlight the mechanisms through which beta-carotene/retinol and thyroid hormones interact and review the findings of clinical studies examining the association between beta-carotene consumption and thyroid hormone levels. Our review underscores the need for further research to clarify the relationship between beta-carotene and thyroid function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahareh Farasati Far
- Department of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Hadi Sahrai
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Golnaz Mahmoudvand
- Student Research Committee, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
- USERN Office, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Arian Karimi Rouzbahani
- Student Research Committee, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
- USERN Office, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
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16
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Stewart KS, Gonzales KAU, Yuan S, Tierney MT, Bonny AR, Yang Y, Infarinato NR, Cowley CJ, Levorse JM, Pasolli HA, Ghosh S, Rothlin CV, Fuchs E. Stem cells tightly regulate dead cell clearance to maintain tissue fitness. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.22.541773. [PMID: 37293114 PMCID: PMC10245816 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.22.541773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages and dendritic cells have long been appreciated for their ability to migrate to and engulf dying cells and debris, including some of the billions of cells that are naturally eliminated from our body daily. However, a substantial number of these dying cells are cleared by 'non-professional phagocytes', local epithelial cells that are critical to organismal fitness. How non-professional phagocytes sense and digest nearby apoptotic corpses while still performing their normal tissue functions is unclear. Here, we explore the molecular mechanisms underlying their multifunctionality. Exploiting the cyclical bouts of tissue regeneration and degeneration during the hair cycle, we show that stem cells can transiently become non-professional phagocytes when confronted with dying cells. Adoption of this phagocytic state requires both local lipids produced by apoptotic corpses to activate RXRα, and tissue-specific retinoids for RARγ activation. This dual factor dependency enables tight regulation of the genes requisite to activate phagocytic apoptotic clearance. The tunable phagocytic program we describe here offers an effective mechanism to offset phagocytic duties against the primary stem cell function of replenishing differentiated cells to preserve tissue integrity during homeostasis. Our findings have broad implications for other non-motile stem or progenitor cells which experience cell death in an immune-privileged niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine S Stewart
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Robin Chemers Neustein Laboratory of Mammalian Cell Biology and Development, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kevin AU Gonzales
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Robin Chemers Neustein Laboratory of Mammalian Cell Biology and Development, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shaopeng Yuan
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Robin Chemers Neustein Laboratory of Mammalian Cell Biology and Development, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Matthew T Tierney
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Robin Chemers Neustein Laboratory of Mammalian Cell Biology and Development, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alain R Bonny
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Robin Chemers Neustein Laboratory of Mammalian Cell Biology and Development, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yihao Yang
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Robin Chemers Neustein Laboratory of Mammalian Cell Biology and Development, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nicole R Infarinato
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Robin Chemers Neustein Laboratory of Mammalian Cell Biology and Development, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christopher J Cowley
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Robin Chemers Neustein Laboratory of Mammalian Cell Biology and Development, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - John M Levorse
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Robin Chemers Neustein Laboratory of Mammalian Cell Biology and Development, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hilda Amalia Pasolli
- Electron Microscopy Resource Center, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sourav Ghosh
- Departments of Neurology and Pharmacology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Carla V Rothlin
- Departments of Immunobiology and Pharmacology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Elaine Fuchs
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Robin Chemers Neustein Laboratory of Mammalian Cell Biology and Development, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
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17
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Kawasaki M, Motoyama T, Yamada S, Watanabe M, Fujihara M, Kambe A, Nakano S, Kakuta H, Ito S. Ligand Screening System for the RXRα Heterodimer Using the Fluorescence RXR Agonist CU-6PMN. ACS Med Chem Lett 2023; 14:291-296. [PMID: 36923911 PMCID: PMC10009790 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.2c00509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinoid X receptor (RXR), a nuclear receptor (NR) that regulates transcription of target genes in a ligand binding-dependent manner, is of interest as a drug target. RXR agonists have been developed as therapeutic agents for cutaneous invasive T-cell lymphoma (e.g., bexarotene (1)) and investigated as potential anti-inflammatory agents. Screening systems for the binding of RXR alone have been reported. However, although RXRs function as RXR heterodimers, information on systems to evaluate the differential binding of RXR agonists as RXR heterodimers has not been available until recently. Here we show that the fluorescent RXR agonist CU-6PMN (3), designed by our group, can be useful for assessing RXR binding to PPARγ/RXRα, and that the binding data differ from those of RXRα alone. This screening method opens a new avenue for binding assays for RXR heterodimers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayu Kawasaki
- Graduate
School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Tomoharu Motoyama
- Graduate
School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Shoya Yamada
- Division
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University
Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1-1-1, Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Masaki Watanabe
- Division
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University
Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1-1-1, Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Michiko Fujihara
- Division
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University
Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1-1-1, Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Akira Kambe
- Graduate
School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Shogo Nakano
- Graduate
School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
- PREST,
Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kakuta
- Division
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University
Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1-1-1, Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Sohei Ito
- Graduate
School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
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18
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Danielli M, Perne L, Jarc Jovičić E, Petan T. Lipid droplets and polyunsaturated fatty acid trafficking: Balancing life and death. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1104725. [PMID: 36776554 PMCID: PMC9911892 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1104725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid droplets are fat storage organelles ubiquitously distributed across the eukaryotic kingdom. They have a central role in regulating lipid metabolism and undergo a dynamic turnover of biogenesis and breakdown to meet cellular requirements for fatty acids, including polyunsaturated fatty acids. Polyunsaturated fatty acids esterified in membrane phospholipids define membrane fluidity and can be released by the activity of phospholipases A2 to act as ligands for nuclear receptors or to be metabolized into a wide spectrum of lipid signaling mediators. Polyunsaturated fatty acids in membrane phospholipids are also highly susceptible to lipid peroxidation, which if left uncontrolled leads to ferroptotic cell death. On the one hand, lipid droplets act as antioxidant organelles that control polyunsaturated fatty acid storage in triglycerides in order to reduce membrane lipid peroxidation, preserve organelle function and prevent cell death, including ferroptosis. On the other hand, lipid droplet breakdown fine-tunes the delivery of polyunsaturated fatty acids into metabolic and signaling pathways, but unrestricted lipid droplet breakdown may also lead to the release of lethal levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Precise regulation of lipid droplet turnover is thus essential for polyunsaturated fatty acid distribution and cellular homeostasis. In this review, we focus on emerging aspects of lipid droplet-mediated regulation of polyunsaturated fatty acid trafficking, including the management of membrane lipid peroxidation, ferroptosis and lipid mediator signaling.
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19
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le Maire A, Rey M, Vivat V, Guée L, Blanc P, Malosse C, Chamot-Rooke J, Germain P, Bourguet W. Design and in vitro characterization of RXR variants as tools to investigate the biological role of endogenous rexinoids. J Mol Endocrinol 2022; 69:377-390. [PMID: 35900852 DOI: 10.1530/jme-22-0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Retinoid X receptors (RXRα, β, and γ) are essential members of the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily of ligand-dependent transcriptional regulators that bind DNA response elements and control the expression of large gene networks. As obligate heterodimerization partners of many NRs, RXRs are involved in a variety of pathophysiological processes. However, despite this central role in NR signaling, there is still no consensus regarding the precise biological functions of RXRs and the putative role of the endogenous ligands (rexinoids) previously proposed for these receptors. Based on available crystal structures, we introduced a series of amino acid substitutions into the ligand-binding pocket of all three RXR subtypes in order to alter their binding properties. Subsequent characterization using a battery of cell-based and in vitro assays led to the identification of a double mutation abolishing the binding of any ligand while keeping the other receptor functions intact and a triple mutation that selectively impairs interaction with natural rexinoids but not with some synthetic ligands. We also report crystal structures that help understand the specific ligand-binding capabilities of both variants. These RXR variants, either fully disabled for ligand binding or retaining the property of being activated by synthetic compounds, represent unique tools that could be used in future studies to probe the presence of active endogenous rexinoids in tissues/organs and to investigate their role in vivo. Last, we provide data suggesting a possible involvement of fatty acids in the weak interaction of RXRs with corepressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albane le Maire
- CBS (Centre de Biologie Structurale), Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Inserm, Montpellier, France
| | - Martial Rey
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, CNRS USR2000, Mass Spectrometry for Biology Unit, Paris, France
| | - Valérie Vivat
- IGBMC (Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire), Univ Strasbourg, CNRS, Inserm, Illkirch, France
| | - Laura Guée
- CBS (Centre de Biologie Structurale), Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Inserm, Montpellier, France
| | - Pauline Blanc
- CBS (Centre de Biologie Structurale), Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Inserm, Montpellier, France
| | - Christian Malosse
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, CNRS USR2000, Mass Spectrometry for Biology Unit, Paris, France
| | - Julia Chamot-Rooke
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, CNRS USR2000, Mass Spectrometry for Biology Unit, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Germain
- CBS (Centre de Biologie Structurale), Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Inserm, Montpellier, France
| | - William Bourguet
- CBS (Centre de Biologie Structurale), Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Inserm, Montpellier, France
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Li X, Wang X, Li Z, Mao Y, Liu Z, Liu X, Zhu X, Zhang J. A Metabolomic Study of the Analgesic Effect of Lappaconitine Hydrobromide (LAH) on Inflammatory Pain. Metabolites 2022; 12:923. [PMID: 36295824 PMCID: PMC9606904 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12100923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Lappaconitine (LA) is a C-18 diterpene alkaloid isolated from Aconitum sinomontanum Nakai that has been shown to relieve mild to moderate discomfort. Various researchers have tried to explain the underlying mechanism of LA's effects on chronic pain. This article uses metabolomics technology to investigate the metabolite alterations in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) when lappaconitine hydrobromide (LAH) was injected in an inflammatory pain model, to explain the molecular mechanism of its analgesia from a metabolomics perspective. The pain model used in this study was a complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-induced inflammatory pain model in rats. There were two treatment groups receiving different dosages of LAH (4 mg/kg LAH and 8 mg/kg LAH). The analgesic mechanism of LAH was investigated with an analgesic behavioral test, tissue sections, and metabolomics. The results of the analgesic behavioral experiment showed that both 4 mg/kg LAH and 8 mg/kg LAH could significantly improve the paw withdrawal latency (PWL) of rats. The tissue section results showed that LAH could reduce the inflammatory response and enlargement of the paw and ankle of rats and that there was no significant difference in the tissue sections of the DRG. The metabolomics results showed that retinol metabolism and glycerophospholipid metabolism in the CFA-induced inflammatory pain model were significantly affected and may exacerbate the inflammatory reactions and initiate persistent pain; in addition, the linoleic acid metabolism, arachidonic acid metabolism, and alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism were also slightly affected. Among them, the alpha-linolenic acid metabolism was up-regulated after LAH treatment, while the retinol metabolism was down-regulated. These results suggest that LAH could effectively reduce inflammatory pain and might achieve this by regulating the lipid metabolism in the rat DRG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Li
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Institute of New Rural Development, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Bioactive Products Engineering Research Center for Gansu Distinctive Plants, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Xueqi Wang
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Zhengdou Li
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Ying Mao
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Zhao Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Liu
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Lanzhou Institute of Food and Drug Control, Lanzhou 740050, China
| | - Xinliang Zhu
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Institute of New Rural Development, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Bioactive Products Engineering Research Center for Gansu Distinctive Plants, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Ji Zhang
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Institute of New Rural Development, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Bioactive Products Engineering Research Center for Gansu Distinctive Plants, Lanzhou 730070, China
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21
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Hao Y, Feng Y, Yan X, Chen L, Ma X, Tang X, Zhong R, Sun Z, Agarwal M, Zhang H, Zhao Y. Gut Microbiota-Testis Axis: FMT Mitigates High-Fat Diet-Diminished Male Fertility via Improving Systemic and Testicular Metabolome. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0002822. [PMID: 35446112 PMCID: PMC9241630 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00028-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
High-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity is known to be associated with reduced male fertility and decreased semen quality in humans. HFD-related male infertility is a growing issue worldwide, and it is crucial to overcome this problem to ameliorate the distress of infertile couples. For the first time, we discovered that fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) of alginate oligosaccharide (AOS)-improved gut microbiota (A10-FMT) ameliorated HFD-decreased semen quality (sperm concentration: 286.1 ± 14.1 versus 217.9 ± 17.4 million/mL; sperm motility: 40.1 ± 0.7% versus 29.0 ± 0.9%), and male fertility (pregnancy rate: 87.4 ± 1.1% versus 70.2 ± 6.1%) by benefiting blood and testicular metabolome. A10-FMT improved HFD-disturbed gut microbiota by increasing gut Bacteroides (colon: 24.9 ± 1.1% versus 8.3 ± 0.6%; cecum: 10.2 ± 0.7% versus 3.6 ± 0.7%) and decreasing Mucispirillum (colon: 0.3 ± 0.1% versus 2.8 ± 0.4%; cecum: 2.3 ± 0.5% versus 6.6 ± 0.7%). A10-FMT benefited gut microbiota to improve liver function by adjusting lipid metabolism to produce n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as eicosapentaenoic acid (blood: 55.5 ± 18.7 versus 20.3 ± 2.4) and docosahexaenoic acid (testis: 121.2 ± 6.2 versus 89.4 ± 6.7), thus ameliorating HFD-impaired testicular microenvironment to rescue spermatogenesis and increase semen quality and fertility. The findings indicated that AOS-improved gut microbiota may be a promising strategy to treat obesity or metabolic issues-related male infertility in the future. IMPORTANCE HFD decreases male fertility via upsetting gut microbiota and transplantation of AOS-benefited gut microbiota (A10-FMT) improves gut microbiota to ameliorate HFD-reduced male fertility. Moreover, A10-FMT improved liver function to benefit the blood metabolome and simultaneously ameliorated the testicular microenvironment to turn the spermatogenesis process on. We demonstrated that AOS-benefited gut microbiota could be applied to treat infertile males with obesity and metabolic issues induced by HFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia
| | - Yanni Feng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaowei Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiangping Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiangfang Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruqing Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhongyi Sun
- Urology Department, Shenzhen university general hospital, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Manjree Agarwal
- College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia
| | - Hongfu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia
| | - Yong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia
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22
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Nyffeler J, Willis C, Harris FR, Taylor LW, Judson R, Everett LJ, Harrill JA. Combining phenotypic profiling and targeted RNA-Seq reveals linkages between transcriptional perturbations and chemical effects on cell morphology: Retinoic acid as an example. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2022; 444:116032. [PMID: 35483669 PMCID: PMC10894461 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2022.116032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The United States Environmental Protection Agency has proposed a tiered testing strategy for chemical hazard evaluation based on new approach methods (NAMs). The first tier includes in vitro profiling assays applicable to many (human) cell types, such as high-throughput transcriptomics (HTTr) and high-throughput phenotypic profiling (HTPP). The goals of this study were to: (1) harmonize the seeding density of U-2 OS human osteosarcoma cells for use in both assays; (2) compare HTTr- versus HTPP-derived potency estimates for 11 mechanistically diverse chemicals; (3) identify candidate reference chemicals for monitoring assay performance in future screens; and (4) characterize the transcriptional and phenotypic changes in detail for all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) as a model compound known for its adverse effects on osteoblast differentiation. The results of this evaluation showed that (1) HTPP conducted at low (400 cells/well) and high (3000 cells/well) seeding densities yielded comparable potency estimates and similar phenotypic profiles for the tested chemicals; (2) HTPP and HTTr resulted in comparable potency estimates for changes in cellular morphology and gene expression, respectively; (3) three test chemicals (etoposide, ATRA, dexamethasone) produced concentration-dependent effects on cellular morphology and gene expression that were consistent with known modes-of-action, demonstrating their suitability for use as reference chemicals for monitoring assay performance; and (4) ATRA produced phenotypic changes that were highly similar to other retinoic acid receptor activators (AM580, arotinoid acid) and some retinoid X receptor activators (bexarotene, methoprene acid). This phenotype was observed concurrently with autoregulation of the RARB gene. Both effects were prevented by pre-treating U-2 OS cells with pharmacological antagonists of their respective receptors. Thus, the observed phenotype could be considered characteristic of retinoic acid pathway activation in U-2 OS cells. These findings lay the groundwork for combinatorial screening of chemicals using HTTr and HTPP to generate complementary information for the first tier of a NAM-based chemical hazard evaluation strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Nyffeler
- Center for Computational Toxicology & Exposure, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Durham, NC 27711, United States of America; Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE) Postdoctoral Fellow, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, United States of America
| | - Clinton Willis
- Center for Computational Toxicology & Exposure, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Durham, NC 27711, United States of America
| | - Felix R Harris
- Center for Computational Toxicology & Exposure, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Durham, NC 27711, United States of America; Oak Ridge Associated Universities (ORAU) National Student Services Contractor, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, United States of America
| | - Laura W Taylor
- Center for Computational Toxicology & Exposure, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Durham, NC 27711, United States of America
| | - Richard Judson
- Center for Computational Toxicology & Exposure, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Durham, NC 27711, United States of America
| | - Logan J Everett
- Center for Computational Toxicology & Exposure, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Durham, NC 27711, United States of America
| | - Joshua A Harrill
- Center for Computational Toxicology & Exposure, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Durham, NC 27711, United States of America.
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Hao Y, Feng Y, Yan X, Chen L, Zhong R, Tang X, Shen W, Sun Q, Sun Z, Ren Y, Zhang H, Zhao Y. Gut microbiota-testis axis: FMT improves systemic and testicular micro-environment to increase semen quality in type 1 diabetes. Mol Med 2022; 28:45. [PMID: 35468731 PMCID: PMC9036783 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-022-00473-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical data suggest that male reproductive dysfunction especially infertility is a critical issue for type 1 diabetic patient (T1D) because most of them are at the reproductive age. Gut dysbiosis is involved in T1D related male infertility. However, the improved gut microbiota can be used to boost spermatogenesis and male fertility in T1D remains incompletely understood. METHODS T1D was established in ICR (CD1) mice with streptozotocin. Alginate oligosaccharide (AOS) improved gut microbiota (fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) from AOS improved gut microbiota; A10-FMT) was transplanted into the T1D mice by oral administration. Semen quality, gut microbiota, blood metabolism, liver, and spleen tissues were determined to investigate the beneficial effects of A10-FMT on spermatogenesis and underlying mechanisms. RESULTS We found that A10-FMT significantly decreased blood glucose and glycogen, and increased semen quality in streptozotocin-induced T1D subjects. A10-FMT improved T1D-disturbed gut microbiota, especially the increase in small intestinal lactobacillus, and blood and testicular metabolome to produce n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) to ameliorate spermatogenesis and semen quality. Moreover, A10-FMT can improve spleen and liver functions to strengthen the systemic environment for sperm development. FMT from gut microbiota of control animals (Con-FMT) produced some beneficial effects; however, to a smaller extent. CONCLUSIONS AOS-improved gut microbiota (specific microbes) may serve as a novel, promising therapeutic approach for the improvement of semen quality and male fertility in T1D patients via gut microbiota-testis axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Hao
- grid.410727.70000 0001 0526 1937State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193 People’s Republic of China ,grid.412608.90000 0000 9526 6338College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109 People’s Republic of China ,grid.1025.60000 0004 0436 6763College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, 6150 Australia
| | - Yanni Feng
- grid.412608.90000 0000 9526 6338College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaowei Yan
- grid.410727.70000 0001 0526 1937State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193 People’s Republic of China ,grid.412608.90000 0000 9526 6338College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109 People’s Republic of China
| | - Liang Chen
- grid.410727.70000 0001 0526 1937State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193 People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruqing Zhong
- grid.410727.70000 0001 0526 1937State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiangfang Tang
- grid.410727.70000 0001 0526 1937State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193 People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Shen
- grid.412608.90000 0000 9526 6338College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109 People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingyuan Sun
- grid.413405.70000 0004 1808 0686Fertility Preservation Lab, Reproductive Medicine Center, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, 510317 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhongyi Sun
- grid.263488.30000 0001 0472 9649Urology Department, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, 518055 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yonglin Ren
- grid.1025.60000 0004 0436 6763College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, 6150 Australia
| | - Hongfu Zhang
- grid.410727.70000 0001 0526 1937State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193 People’s Republic of China ,grid.1025.60000 0004 0436 6763College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, 6150 Australia
| | - Yong Zhao
- grid.410727.70000 0001 0526 1937State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193 People’s Republic of China ,grid.1025.60000 0004 0436 6763College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, 6150 Australia
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24
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RXR – centralny regulator wielu ścieżek sygnałowych w organizmie. POSTEP HIG MED DOSW 2021. [DOI: 10.2478/ahem-2021-0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstrakt
Receptory jądrowe (NRs) tworzą największą nadrodzinę czynników transkrypcyjnych, które odgrywają ważną rolę w regulacji wielu procesów biologicznych. Receptor kwasu 9-cis-retinowego (RXR) wydaje się odgrywać szczególną rolę wśród tej grupy białek, a to ma związek z jego zdolnością do tworzenia dimerów z innymi NRs. Ze względu na kontrolę ekspresji wielu genów, RXR stanowi bardzo dobry cel licznych terapii. Nieprawidłowości w szlakach modulowanych przez RXR są powiązane m.in. z chorobami neurodegeneracyjnymi, otyłością, cukrzycą, a także nowotworami. Istnieje wiele związków mogących regulować aktywność transkrypcyjną RXR. Jednak obecnie dopuszczonych do użytku klinicznego jest tylko kilka z nich. Retinoidy normalizują wzrost i różnicowanie komórek skóry i błon śluzowych, ponadto działają immunomodulująco oraz przeciwzapalnie. Stąd są stosowane przede wszystkim w chorobach skóry i w terapii niektórych chorób nowotworowych. W artykule przedstawiono ogólne wiadomości na temat RXR, jego budowy, ligandów i mechanizmu działania oraz potencjalnej roli w terapii nowotworów i zespołu metabolicznego.
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25
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Basak S, Mallick R, Banerjee A, Pathak S, Duttaroy AK. Maternal Supply of Both Arachidonic and Docosahexaenoic Acids Is Required for Optimal Neurodevelopment. Nutrients 2021; 13:2061. [PMID: 34208549 PMCID: PMC8234848 DOI: 10.3390/nu13062061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
During the last trimester of gestation and for the first 18 months after birth, both docosahexaenoic acid,22:6n-3 (DHA) and arachidonic acid,20:4n-6 (ARA) are preferentially deposited within the cerebral cortex at a rapid rate. Although the structural and functional roles of DHA in brain development are well investigated, similar roles of ARA are not well documented. The mode of action of these two fatty acids and their derivatives at different structural-functional roles and their levels in the gene expression and signaling pathways of the brain have been continuously emanating. In addition to DHA, the importance of ARA has been much discussed in recent years for fetal and postnatal brain development and the maternal supply of ARA and DHA. These fatty acids are also involved in various brain developmental processes; however, their mechanistic cross talks are not clearly known yet. This review describes the importance of ARA, in addition to DHA, in supporting the optimal brain development and growth and functional roles in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Basak
- Molecular Biology Division, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research, Hyderabad 500 007, India;
| | - Rahul Mallick
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland;
| | - Antara Banerjee
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Kelambakkam, Chennai 603 103, India; (A.B.); (S.P.)
| | - Surajit Pathak
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Kelambakkam, Chennai 603 103, India; (A.B.); (S.P.)
| | - Asim K. Duttaroy
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway
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26
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Retinoid X Receptor α Regulates DHA-Dependent Spinogenesis and Functional Synapse Formation In Vivo. Cell Rep 2021; 31:107649. [PMID: 32433958 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Coordinated intracellular and extracellular signaling is critical to synapse development and functional neural circuit wiring. Here, we report that unesterified docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) regulates functional synapse formation in vivo via retinoid X receptor α (Rxra) signaling. Using Rxra conditional knockout (cKO) mice and virus-mediated transient gene expression, we show that endogenous Rxra plays important roles in regulating spinogenesis and excitatory synaptic transmission in cortical pyramidal neurons. We further show that the effects of RXRA are mediated through its DNA-binding domain in a cell-autonomous and reversible manner. Moreover, unesterified DHA increases spine formation and excitatory synaptic transmission in vivo in an Rxra-dependent fashion. Rxra cKO mice generally behave normally but show deficits in behavior tasks associated with social memory. Together, these results demonstrate that unesterified DHA signals through RXRA to regulate spinogenesis and functional synapse formation, providing insight into the mechanism through which DHA promotes brain development and cognitive function.
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27
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Li B, Cai SY, Boyer JL. The role of the retinoid receptor, RAR/RXR heterodimer, in liver physiology. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2021; 1867:166085. [PMID: 33497820 PMCID: PMC11152086 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2021.166085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Activated by retinoids, metabolites of vitamin A, the retinoic acid receptors (RARs) and the retinoid X receptors (RXRs) play important roles in a wide variety of biological processes, including embryo development, homeostasis, cell proliferation, differentiation and death. In this review, we summarized the functional roles of nuclear receptor RAR/RXR heterodimers in liver physiology. Specifically, RAR/RXR modulate the synthesis and metabolism of lipids and bile acids in hepatocytes, regulate cholesterol transport in macrophages, and repress fibrogenesis in hepatic stellate cells. We have also listed the specific genes that carry these functions and how RAR/RXR regulate their expression in liver cells, providing a mechanistic view of their roles in liver physiology. Meanwhile, we pointed out many questions regarding the detailed signaling of RAR/RXR in regulating the expression of liver genes, and hope future studies will address these issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baixue Li
- Liver Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, United States; College of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China.
| | - Shi-Ying Cai
- Liver Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, United States.
| | - James L Boyer
- Liver Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, United States.
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28
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Bravo-Ruiz I, Medina MÁ, Martínez-Poveda B. From Food to Genes: Transcriptional Regulation of Metabolism by Lipids and Carbohydrates. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13051513. [PMID: 33946267 PMCID: PMC8145205 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipids and carbohydrates regulate gene expression by means of molecules that sense these macronutrients and act as transcription factors. The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR), activated by some fatty acids or their derivatives, and the carbohydrate response element binding protein (ChREBP), activated by glucose-derived metabolites, play a key role in metabolic homeostasis, especially in glucose and lipid metabolism. Furthermore, the action of both factors in obesity, diabetes and fatty liver, as well as the pharmacological development in the treatment of these pathologies are indeed of high relevance. In this review we present an overview of the discovery, mechanism of activation and metabolic functions of these nutrient-dependent transcription factors in different tissues contexts, from the nutritional genomics perspective. The possibility of targeting these factors in pharmacological approaches is also discussed. Lipid and carbohydrate-dependent transcription factors are key players in the complex metabolic homeostasis, but these factors also drive an adaptive response to non-physiological situations, such as overeating. Possibly the decisive role of ChREBP and PPAR in metabolic regulation points to them as ideal therapeutic targets, but their pleiotropic functions in different tissues makes it difficult to "hit the mark".
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Affiliation(s)
- Inés Bravo-Ruiz
- Andalucía Tech, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, E-29071 Málaga, Spain; (I.B.-R.); (M.Á.M.)
| | - Miguel Ángel Medina
- Andalucía Tech, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, E-29071 Málaga, Spain; (I.B.-R.); (M.Á.M.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), E-29071 Málaga, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), E-29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Beatriz Martínez-Poveda
- Andalucía Tech, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, E-29071 Málaga, Spain; (I.B.-R.); (M.Á.M.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), E-29071 Málaga, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), E-28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence:
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Proteomic Studies of Primary Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells Derived from Patients Before and during Disease-Stabilizing Treatment Based on All-Trans Retinoic Acid and Valproic Acid. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13092143. [PMID: 33946813 PMCID: PMC8125016 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13092143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and valproic acid (VP) have been tried in the treatment of non-promyelocytic variants of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Non-randomized studies suggest that the two drugs can stabilize AML and improve normal peripheral blood cell counts. In this context, we used a proteomic/phosphoproteomic strategy to investigate the in vivo effects of ATRA/VP on human AML cells. Before starting the combined treatment, AML responders showed increased levels of several proteins, especially those involved in neutrophil degranulation/differentiation, M phase regulation and the interconversion of nucleotide di- and triphosphates (i.e., DNA synthesis and binding). Several among the differentially regulated phosphorylation sites reflected differences in the regulation of RNA metabolism and apoptotic events at the same time point. These effects were mainly caused by increased cyclin dependent kinase 1 and 2 (CDK1/2), LIM domain kinase 1 and 2 (LIMK1/2), mitogen-activated protein kinase 7 (MAPK7) and protein kinase C delta (PRKCD) activity in responder cells. An extensive effect of in vivo treatment with ATRA/VP was the altered level and phosphorylation of proteins involved in the regulation of transcription/translation/RNA metabolism, especially in non-responders, but the regulation of cell metabolism, immune system and cytoskeletal functions were also affected. Our analysis of serial samples during the first week of treatment suggest that proteomic and phosphoproteomic profiling can be used for the early identification of responders to ATRA/VP-based treatment.
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Di Martino O, Niu H, Hadwiger G, Kuusanmaki H, Ferris MA, Vu A, Beales J, Wagner C, Menéndez-Gutiérrez MP, Ricote M, Heckman C, Welch JS. Endogenous and combination retinoids are active in myelomonocytic leukemias. Haematologica 2021; 106:1008-1021. [PMID: 33241677 PMCID: PMC8017822 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2020.264432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinoid therapy transformed response and survival outcomes in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) but has demonstrated only modest activity in non-APL forms of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The presence of natural retinoids in vivo could influence the efficacy of pharmacologic agonists and antagonists. We found that natural RXRA ligands, but not RARA ligands, were present in murine MLL-AF9-derived myelomonocytic leukemias in vivo and that the concurrent presence of receptors and ligands acted as tumor suppressors. Pharmacologic retinoid responses could be optimized by concurrent targeting of RXR ligands (e.g., bexarotene) and RARA ligands (e.g., all-trans retinoic acid), which induced either leukemic maturation or apoptosis depending on cell culture conditions. Co-repressor release from the RARA:RXRA heterodimer occurred with RARA activation, but not RXRA activation, providing an explanation for the combination synergy. Combination synergy could be replicated in additional, but not all, AML cell lines and primary samples, and was associated with improved survival in vivo, although tolerability of bexarotene administration in mice remained an issue. These data provide insight into the basal presence of natural retinoids in leukemias in vivo and a potential strategy for clinical retinoid combination regimens in leukemias beyond APL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orsola Di Martino
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University, St Louis, Missouri, 63110
| | - Haixia Niu
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, 3333
| | - Gayla Hadwiger
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University, St Louis, Missouri, 63110
| | - Heikki Kuusanmaki
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014
| | - Margaret A Ferris
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University, St Louis, Missouri, 63110
| | - Anh Vu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University, St Louis, Missouri, 63110
| | - Jeremy Beales
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University, St Louis, Missouri, 63110
| | - Carl Wagner
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona, 85281 USA
| | - María P Menéndez-Gutiérrez
- Myocardial Pathophysiology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, 28029
| | - Mercedes Ricote
- Myocardial Pathophysiology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, 28029
| | - Caroline Heckman
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014
| | - John S Welch
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University, St Louis, Missouri, 63110
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31
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Koçancı FG. Role of Fatty Acid Chemical Structures on Underlying Mechanisms of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Gut Microbiota. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.202000341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Gonca Koçancı
- Vocational High School of Health Services Department of Medical Laboratory Techniques Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University Alanya/Antalya 07425 Turkey
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32
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Saika A, Nagatake T, Hirata SI, Sawane K, Adachi J, Abe Y, Isoyama J, Morimoto S, Node E, Tiwari P, Hosomi K, Matsunaga A, Honda T, Tomonaga T, Arita M, Kabashima K, Kunisawa J. ω3 fatty acid metabolite, 12-hydroxyeicosapentaenoic acid, alleviates contact hypersensitivity by downregulation of CXCL1 and CXCL2 gene expression in keratinocytes via retinoid X receptor α. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21354. [PMID: 33749892 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001687r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
ω3 fatty acids show potent bioactivities via conversion into lipid mediators; therefore, metabolism of dietary lipids is a critical determinant in the properties of ω3 fatty acids in the control of allergic inflammatory diseases. However, metabolic progression of ω3 fatty acids in the skin and their roles in the regulation of skin inflammation remains to be clarified. In this study, we found that 12-hydroxyeicosapentaenoic acid (12-HEPE), which is a 12-lipoxygenase metabolite of eicosapentaenoic acid, was the prominent metabolite accumulated in the skin of mice fed ω3 fatty acid-rich linseed oil. Consistently, the gene expression levels of Alox12 and Alox12b, which encode proteins involved in the generation of 12-HEPE, were much higher in the skin than in the other tissues (eg, gut). We also found that the topical application of 12-HEPE inhibited the inflammation associated with contact hypersensitivity by inhibiting neutrophil infiltration into the skin. In human keratinocytes in vitro, 12-HEPE inhibited the expression of two genes encoding neutrophil chemoattractants, CXCL1 and CXCL2, via retinoid X receptor α. Together, the present results demonstrate that the metabolic progression of dietary ω3 fatty acids differs in different organs, and identify 12-HEPE as the dominant ω3 fatty acid metabolite in the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azusa Saika
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Osaka, Japan.,Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takahiro Nagatake
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Osaka, Japan
| | - So-Ichiro Hirata
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Osaka, Japan
| | - Kento Sawane
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Osaka, Japan.,Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Nippon Flour Mills Co., Ltd, Innovation Center, Atsugi, Japan
| | - Jun Adachi
- Laboratory of Proteome Research and Laboratory of Proteomics for Drug Discovery, NIBIOHN, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuichi Abe
- Laboratory of Proteome Research and Laboratory of Proteomics for Drug Discovery, NIBIOHN, Osaka, Japan.,Division of Molecular Diagnosis, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Junko Isoyama
- Laboratory of Proteome Research and Laboratory of Proteomics for Drug Discovery, NIBIOHN, Osaka, Japan
| | - Sakiko Morimoto
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Osaka, Japan
| | - Eri Node
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Osaka, Japan
| | - Prabha Tiwari
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Osaka, Japan
| | - Koji Hosomi
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Osaka, Japan
| | - Ayu Matsunaga
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Osaka, Japan.,Department of Food and Life Science, School of Life and Environmental Science, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Honda
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Dermatology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Takeshi Tomonaga
- Laboratory of Proteome Research and Laboratory of Proteomics for Drug Discovery, NIBIOHN, Osaka, Japan
| | - Makoto Arita
- Division of Physiological Chemistry and Metabolism, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan.,Laboratory for Metabolomics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan.,Cellular and Molecular Epigenetics Laboratory, Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kenji Kabashima
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Jun Kunisawa
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Osaka, Japan.,Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan.,International Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccines, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Graduate School of Medicine, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
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DHA and Its Metabolites Have a Protective Role against Methylmercury-Induced Neurotoxicity in Mouse Primary Neuron and SH-SY5Y Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22063213. [PMID: 33809931 PMCID: PMC8004243 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The consumption of fish now involves a risk of methylmercury (MeHg) exposure but also provides the benefit of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs) such as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Some epidemiological studies have suggested that the intake of DHA can alleviate the neurotoxicity of MeHg, but the underlying mechanism is not known. Herein, we observed that pretreatment with 0.1–1 µM DHA suppressed MeHg-induced cytotoxicity in human neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) cells and mouse primary neuronal cells. These effects of DHA were canceled in the presence of the retinoid X receptor (RXR) antagonist UVI3003. An RXR agonist, bexarotene, suppressed the cytotoxicity of MeHg. DHA also suppressed the MeHg-induced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) via an induction of antioxidant genes (catalase and SOD1). Pretreatment with DHA did not change the incorporation of MeHg. We showed previously that in the brain, the intake of DHA increased the level of 19,20-DHDP, which is the metabolite produced by cytochrome P450 and soluble epoxide hydrolase from DHA. In the present study, we observed that 19,20-DHDP also suppressed neurotoxicity from MeHg. These results indicate that DHA and its metabolites have a protective role in MeHg-induced neurotoxicity.
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Basson AR, Chen C, Sagl F, Trotter A, Bederman I, Gomez-Nguyen A, Sundrud MS, Ilic S, Cominelli F, Rodriguez-Palacios A. Regulation of Intestinal Inflammation by Dietary Fats. Front Immunol 2021; 11:604989. [PMID: 33603741 PMCID: PMC7884479 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.604989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
With the epidemic of human obesity, dietary fats have increasingly become a focal point of biomedical research. Epidemiological studies indicate that high-fat diets (HFDs), especially those rich in long-chain saturated fatty acids (e.g., Western Diet, National Health Examination survey; NHANES 'What We Eat in America' report) have multi-organ pro-inflammatory effects. Experimental studies have confirmed some of these disease associations, and have begun to elaborate mechanisms of disease induction. However, many of the observed effects from epidemiological studies appear to be an over-simplification of the mechanistic complexity that depends on dynamic interactions between the host, the particular fatty acid, and the rather personalized genetics and variability of the gut microbiota. Of interest, experimental studies have shown that certain saturated fats (e.g., lauric and myristic fatty acid-rich coconut oil) could exert the opposite effect; that is, desirable anti-inflammatory and protective mechanisms promoting gut health by unanticipated pathways. Owing to the experimental advantages of laboratory animals for the study of mechanisms under well-controlled dietary settings, we focus this review on the current understanding of how dietary fatty acids impact intestinal biology. We center this discussion on studies from mice and rats, with validation in cell culture systems or human studies. We provide a scoping overview of the most studied diseases mechanisms associated with the induction or prevention of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in rodent models relevant to Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis after feeding either high-fat diet (HFD) or feed containing specific fatty acid or other target dietary molecule. Finally, we provide a general outlook on areas that have been largely or scarcely studied, and assess the effects of HFDs on acute and chronic forms of intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail R. Basson
- Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Digestive Health Research Institute, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Cleveland Digestive Diseases Research Core, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Digestive Health Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Christy Chen
- Digestive Health Research Institute, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Filip Sagl
- Digestive Health Research Institute, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Ashley Trotter
- Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Digestive Health Research Institute, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Department of Hospital Medicine, Pritzker School of Medicine, NorthShore University Health System, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Ilya Bederman
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Adrian Gomez-Nguyen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Digestive Health Research Institute, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Cleveland Digestive Diseases Research Core, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Mark S. Sundrud
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, United States
| | - Sanja Ilic
- Department of Human Sciences, Human Nutrition, College of Education and Human Ecology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Fabio Cominelli
- Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Digestive Health Research Institute, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Cleveland Digestive Diseases Research Core, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Digestive Health Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Alex Rodriguez-Palacios
- Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Digestive Health Research Institute, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Cleveland Digestive Diseases Research Core, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Digestive Health Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States
- University Hospitals Research and Education Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States
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35
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PPARs in liver physiology. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2021; 1867:166097. [PMID: 33524529 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2021.166097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are nuclear receptors and transcriptional modulators with crucial functions in hepatic and whole-body energy homeostasis. Besides their well-documented roles in lipid and glucose metabolism, emerging evidence also implicate PPARs in the control of other processes such as inflammatory responses. Recent technological advances, such as single-cell RNA sequencing, have allowed to unravel an unexpected complexity in the regulation of PPAR expression, activity and downstream signaling. Here we provide an overview of the latest advances in the study of PPARs in liver physiology, with a specific focus on formerly neglected aspects of PPAR regulation, such as tissular zonation, cellular heterogeneity, circadian rhythms, sexual dimorphism and species-specific features.
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36
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Yukawa-Takamatsu K, Wang Y, Watanabe M, Takamura Y, Fujihara M, Nakamura-Nakayama M, Yamada S, Kikuzawa S, Makishima M, Kawasaki M, Ito S, Nakano S, Kakuta H. Convenient Retinoid X Receptor Binding Assay Based on Fluorescence Change of the Antagonist NEt-C343. J Med Chem 2020; 64:861-870. [PMID: 33378197 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Retinoid X receptor (RXR) modulators (rexinoids) are considered to have therapeutic potential for multiple diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. To overcome various disadvantages of prior screening methods, we previously developed an RXR binding assay using a fluorescent RXR ligand, CU-6PMN (4). However, this ligand binds not only at the ligand-binding domain (LBD) but also at the dimer-dimer interface of hRXRα. Here, we present a new fluorescent RXR antagonist 6-[N-ethyl-N-(5-isobutoxy-4-isopropyl-2-(11-oxo-2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-1H,5H,11H-pyrano[2,3-f]pyrido[3,2,1-ij]quinoline-10-carboxamido)phenyl)amino]nicotinic acid (NEt-C343, 7), which emits strong fluorescence only when bound to the RXR-LBD. It allows us to perform a rapid, simple, and nonhazardous binding assay that does not require bound/free separation and uses a standard plate reader. The obtained Ki values of known compounds were correlated with the Ki values obtained using the standard [3H]9cis-retinoic acid assay. This assay should be useful for drug discovery as well as for research on endocrine disruptors, functional foods, and natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayo Yukawa-Takamatsu
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Yifei Wang
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Masaki Watanabe
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Yuta Takamura
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Michiko Fujihara
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan.,AIBIOS Co. Ltd., Tri-Seven Roppongi 8F 7-7-7 Roppongi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 106-0032 Japan
| | - Mariko Nakamura-Nakayama
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Shoya Yamada
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan.,Research Fellowship Division, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Sumitomo-Ichibancho FS Bldg., 8 Ichibancho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-8472, Japan
| | - Shota Kikuzawa
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Makoto Makishima
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchi-kamicho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Mayu Kawasaki
- Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Sohei Ito
- Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Shogo Nakano
- Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kakuta
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
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37
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Chaikuad A, Pollinger J, Rühl M, Ni X, Kilu W, Heering J, Merk D. Comprehensive Set of Tertiary Complex Structures and Palmitic Acid Binding Provide Molecular Insights into Ligand Design for RXR Isoforms. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E8457. [PMID: 33187070 PMCID: PMC7697888 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The retinoid X receptor (RXR) is a ligand-sensing transcription factor acting mainly as a universal heterodimer partner for other nuclear receptors. Despite presenting as a potential therapeutic target for cancer and neurodegeneration, adverse effects typically observed for RXR agonists, likely due to the lack of isoform selectivity, limit chemotherapeutic application of currently available RXR ligands. The three human RXR isoforms exhibit different expression patterns; however, they share high sequence similarity, presenting a major obstacle toward the development of subtype-selective ligands. Here, we report the discovery of the saturated fatty acid, palmitic acid, as an RXR ligand and disclose a uniform set of crystal structures of all three RXR isoforms in an active conformation induced by palmitic acid. A structural comparison revealed subtle differences among the RXR subtypes. We also observed an ability of palmitic acid as well as myristic acid and stearic acid to induce recruitment of steroid receptor co-activator 1 to the RXR ligand-binding domain with low micromolar potencies. With the high, millimolar endogenous concentrations of these highly abundant lipids, our results suggest their potential involvement in RXR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apirat Chaikuad
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany; (J.P.); (M.R.); (X.N.); (W.K.)
- Structural Genomics Consortium, BMLS, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 15, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Julius Pollinger
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany; (J.P.); (M.R.); (X.N.); (W.K.)
| | - Michael Rühl
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany; (J.P.); (M.R.); (X.N.); (W.K.)
| | - Xiaomin Ni
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany; (J.P.); (M.R.); (X.N.); (W.K.)
- Structural Genomics Consortium, BMLS, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 15, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Whitney Kilu
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany; (J.P.); (M.R.); (X.N.); (W.K.)
| | - Jan Heering
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Branch for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology TMP, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt, Germany;
| | - Daniel Merk
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany; (J.P.); (M.R.); (X.N.); (W.K.)
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38
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Magnuson JT, Cryder Z, Andrzejczyk NE, Harraka G, Wolf DC, Gan J, Schlenk D. Metabolomic Profiles in the Brains of Juvenile Steelhead ( Oncorhynchus mykiss) Following Bifenthrin Treatment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:12245-12253. [PMID: 32900186 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c04847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The pyrethroid insecticide, bifenthrin, is frequently measured at concentrations exceeding those that induce acute and chronic toxicity to several invertebrate and fish species residing in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta of California. Since the brain is considered to be a significant target for bifenthrin toxicity, juvenile steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were treated with concentrations of bifenthrin found prior to (60 ng/L) and following (120 ng/L) major stormwater runoff events with nontargeted metabolomics used to target transcriptomic alterations in steelhead brains following exposure. Predicted responses were involved in cellular apoptosis and necrosis in steelhead treated with 60 ng/L bifenthrin using the software Ingenuity Pathway Analysis. These responses were predominately driven by decreased levels of acetyl-l-carnitine (ALC), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and adenine. Steelhead treated with 120 ng/L bifenthrin had reductions of lysophosphatidylcholines (LPC), lysophosphatidylethanolamines (LPE), and increased levels of betaine, which were predicted to induce an inflammatory response. Several genes predicted to be involved in apoptotic (caspase3 and nrf2) and inflammatory (miox) pathways had altered expression following exposure to bifenthrin. There was a significantly increased expression of caspase3 and miox in fish treated with 120 ng/L bifenthrin with a significant reduction of nrf2 in fish treated with 60 ng/L bifenthrin. These data indicate that bifenthrin may have multiple targets within the brain that affect general neuron viability, function, and signaling potentially through alterations in signaling fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason T Magnuson
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Zachary Cryder
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Nicolette E Andrzejczyk
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Gary Harraka
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Douglas C Wolf
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Jay Gan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Daniel Schlenk
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
- Institute of Environmental Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Capitão A, Lopes-Marques M, Páscoa I, Ruivo R, Mendiratta N, Fonseca E, Castro LFC, Santos MM. The Echinodermata PPAR: Functional characterization and exploitation by the model lipid homeostasis regulator tributyltin. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 263:114467. [PMID: 32278212 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The wide ecological relevance of lipid homeostasis modulators in the environment has been increasingly acknowledged. Tributyltin (TBT), for instance, was shown to cause lipid modulation, not only in mammals, but also in fish, molluscs, arthropods and rotifers. In vertebrates, TBT is known to interact with a nuclear receptor heterodimer module, formed by the retinoid X receptor (RXR) and the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR). These modulate the expression of genes involved in lipid homeostasis. In the present work, we isolated for the first time the complete coding region of the Echinodermata (Paracentrotus lividus) gene orthologues of PPAR and RXR and evaluated the ability of a model lipid homeostasis modulator, TBT, to interfere with the lipid metabolism in this species. Our results demonstrate that TBT alters the gonadal fatty acid composition and gene expression patterns: yielding sex-specific responses in fatty acid levels, including the decrease of eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5 n-3, EPA) in males, and increase of arachidonic acid (20:4n-6, ARA) in females, and upregulation of long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase (acsl), ppar and rxr. Furthermore, an in vitro test using COS-1 cells as host and chimeric receptors with the ligand binding domain (LBD) of P. lividus PPAR and RXR shows that organotins (TBT and TPT (Triphenyltin)) suppressed activity of the heterodimer PPAR/RXR in a concentration-dependent manner. Together, these results suggest that TBT acts as a lipid homeostasis modulator at environmentally relevant concentrations in Echinodermata and highlight a possible conserved mode of action via the PPAR/RXR heterodimer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Capitão
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto (U.Porto), Matosinhos, Portugal; Faculty of Sciences (FCUP), Department of Biology, University of Porto (U.Porto), Porto, Portugal
| | - Mónica Lopes-Marques
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto (U.Porto), Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Inês Páscoa
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto (U.Porto), Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Raquel Ruivo
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto (U.Porto), Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Nicolau Mendiratta
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto (U.Porto), Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Elza Fonseca
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto (U.Porto), Matosinhos, Portugal; Faculty of Sciences (FCUP), Department of Biology, University of Porto (U.Porto), Porto, Portugal
| | - L Filipe C Castro
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto (U.Porto), Matosinhos, Portugal; Faculty of Sciences (FCUP), Department of Biology, University of Porto (U.Porto), Porto, Portugal.
| | - Miguel Machado Santos
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto (U.Porto), Matosinhos, Portugal; Faculty of Sciences (FCUP), Department of Biology, University of Porto (U.Porto), Porto, Portugal.
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40
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Tardelli M, Bruschi FV, Fuchs CD, Claudel T, Auer N, Kunczer V, Baumgartner M, A.H.O. Ronda O, Verkade HJ, Stojakovic T, Scharnagl H, Habib A, Zimmermann R, Lotersztajn S, Trauner M. Monoacylglycerol Lipase Inhibition Protects From Liver Injury in Mouse Models of Sclerosing Cholangitis. Hepatology 2020; 71:1750-1765. [PMID: 31505038 PMCID: PMC7317927 DOI: 10.1002/hep.30929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Monoacylglycerol lipase (MGL) is the last enzymatic step in triglyceride degradation, hydrolyzing monoglycerides into glycerol and fatty acids (FAs) and converting 2-arachidonoylglycerol into arachidonic acid, thus providing ligands for nuclear receptors as key regulators of hepatic bile acid (BA)/lipid metabolism and inflammation. We aimed to explore the role of MGL in the development of cholestatic liver and bile duct injury in mouse models of sclerosing cholangitis, a disease so far lacking effective pharmacological therapy. APPROACH AND RESULTS To this aim we analyzed the effects of 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydrocollidine (DDC) feeding to induce sclerosing cholangitis in wild-type (WT) and knockout (MGL-/- ) mice and tested pharmacological inhibition with JZL184 in the multidrug resistance protein 2 knockout (Mdr2-/- ) mouse model of sclerosing cholangitis. Cholestatic liver injury and fibrosis were assessed by serum biochemistry, liver histology, gene expression, and western blot characterization of BA and FA synthesis/transport. Moreover, intestinal FAs and fecal microbiome were analyzed. Transfection and silencing were performed in Caco2 cells. MGL-/- mice were protected from DDC-induced biliary fibrosis and inflammation with reduced serum liver enzymes and increased FA/BA metabolism and β-oxidation. Notably, pharmacological (JZL184) inhibition of MGL ameliorated cholestatic injury in DDC-fed WT mice and protected Mdr2-/- mice from spontaneous liver injury, with improved liver enzymes, inflammation, and biliary fibrosis. In vitro experiments confirmed that silencing of MGL decreases prostaglandin E2 accumulation in the intestine and up-regulates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors alpha and gamma activity, thus reducing inflammation. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our study unravels MGL as a metabolic target, demonstrating that MGL inhibition may be considered as potential therapy for sclerosing cholangitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Tardelli
- Hans Popper Laboratory of Molecular HepatologyDivision of Gastroenterology and HepatologyDepartment of Internal Medicine IIIMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Francesca V. Bruschi
- Hans Popper Laboratory of Molecular HepatologyDivision of Gastroenterology and HepatologyDepartment of Internal Medicine IIIMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Claudia D. Fuchs
- Hans Popper Laboratory of Molecular HepatologyDivision of Gastroenterology and HepatologyDepartment of Internal Medicine IIIMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Thierry Claudel
- Hans Popper Laboratory of Molecular HepatologyDivision of Gastroenterology and HepatologyDepartment of Internal Medicine IIIMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Nicole Auer
- Hans Popper Laboratory of Molecular HepatologyDivision of Gastroenterology and HepatologyDepartment of Internal Medicine IIIMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Victoria Kunczer
- Hans Popper Laboratory of Molecular HepatologyDivision of Gastroenterology and HepatologyDepartment of Internal Medicine IIIMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Maximilian Baumgartner
- Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyDepartment of Internal Medicine IIIMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Onne A.H.O. Ronda
- Center for Liver, Digestive and Metabolic DiseasesDepartments of PediatricsUniversity Medical Center GroningenUniversity of GroningenGroningenthe Netherlands
| | - Henk Jan Verkade
- Center for Liver, Digestive and Metabolic DiseasesDepartments of PediatricsUniversity Medical Center GroningenUniversity of GroningenGroningenthe Netherlands
| | - Tatjana Stojakovic
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory DiagnosticsUniversity Hospital GrazGrazAustria
| | - Hubert Scharnagl
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory DiagnosticsMedical University of GrazGrazAustria
| | - Aida Habib
- Université de ParisCentre de Recherche sur l'InflammationINSERMUMR1149CNRSERL 8252ParisFrance
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular GeneticsAmerican University of BeirutBeirutLebanon
| | | | - Sophie Lotersztajn
- Université de ParisCentre de Recherche sur l'InflammationINSERMUMR1149CNRSERL 8252ParisFrance
| | - Michael Trauner
- Hans Popper Laboratory of Molecular HepatologyDivision of Gastroenterology and HepatologyDepartment of Internal Medicine IIIMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
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Fonseca E, Ruivo R, Borges D, Franco JN, Santos MM, C. Castro LF. Of Retinoids and Organotins: The Evolution of the Retinoid X Receptor in Metazoa. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10040594. [PMID: 32290525 PMCID: PMC7225927 DOI: 10.3390/biom10040594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear receptors (NRs) are transcription factors accomplishing a multiplicity of functions, essential for organismal homeostasis. Among their numerous members, the retinoid X receptor (RXR) is a central player of the endocrine system, with a singular ability to operate as a homodimer or a heterodimer with other NRs. Additionally, RXR has been found to be a critical actor in various processes of endocrine disruption resulting from the exposure to a known class of xenobiotics termed organotins (e.g., tributyltin (TBT)), including imposex in gastropod molluscs and lipid perturbation across different metazoan lineages. Thus, given its prominent physiological and endocrine role, RXR is present in the genomes of most extant metazoan species examined to date. Here, we expand on the phylogenetic distribution of RXR across the metazoan tree of life by exploring multiple next-generation sequencing projects of protostome lineages. By addressing amino acid residue conservation in combination with cell-based functional assays, we show that RXR induction by 9-cis retinoic acid (9cisRA) and TBT is conserved in more phyla than previously described. Yet, our results highlight distinct activation efficacies and alternative modes of RXR exploitation by the organotin TBT, emphasizing the need for broader species sampling to clarify the mechanistic activation of RXR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elza Fonseca
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; (E.F.); (R.R.); (D.B.); (J.N.F.)
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, 2520-637 Peniche, Portugal
| | - Raquel Ruivo
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; (E.F.); (R.R.); (D.B.); (J.N.F.)
| | - Débora Borges
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; (E.F.); (R.R.); (D.B.); (J.N.F.)
| | - João N. Franco
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; (E.F.); (R.R.); (D.B.); (J.N.F.)
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, 2520-637 Peniche, Portugal
| | - Miguel M. Santos
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; (E.F.); (R.R.); (D.B.); (J.N.F.)
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence: (M.M.S.); (L.F.C.C.); Tel.: +351-223-401-800 (M.M.S. or L.F.C.C.)
| | - L. Filipe C. Castro
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; (E.F.); (R.R.); (D.B.); (J.N.F.)
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence: (M.M.S.); (L.F.C.C.); Tel.: +351-223-401-800 (M.M.S. or L.F.C.C.)
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43
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Retinoic Acid Receptors in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11121915. [PMID: 31805753 PMCID: PMC6966485 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11121915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinoic acid (RA) signaling pathways regulate fundamental biological processes, such as cell proliferation, development, differentiation, and apoptosis. Retinoid receptors (RARs and RXRs) are ligand-dependent transcription factors. All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) is the principal endogenous ligand for the retinoic acid receptor alpha (RARA) and is produced by the enzymatic oxidation of dietary vitamin A, whose deficiency is associated with several pathological conditions. Differentiation therapy using ATRA revolutionized the outcome of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), although attempts to replicate these results in other cancer types have been met with more modest results. A better knowledge of RA signaling in different leukemia contexts is required to improve initial designs. Here, we will review the RA signaling pathway in normal and malignant hematopoiesis, and will discuss the advantages and the limitations related to retinoid therapy in acute myeloid leukemia.
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44
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Weiss-Hersh K, Garcia AL, Marosvölgyi T, Szklenár M, Decsi T, Rühl R. Saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids in membranes are determined by the gene expression of their metabolizing enzymes SCD1 and ELOVL6 regulated by the intake of dietary fat. Eur J Nutr 2019; 59:2759-2769. [PMID: 31676951 PMCID: PMC7413877 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-019-02121-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We investigated the effect of dietary fats on the incorporation of saturated (SAFAs) and monounsaturated dietary fatty acids (MUFAs) into plasma phospholipids and the regulation of the expression of lipid-metabolizing enzymes in the liver. METHODS Mice were fed different diets containing commonly used dietary fats/oils (coconut fat, margarine, fish oil, sunflower oil, or olive oil) for 4 weeks (n = 6 per diet group). In a second experiment, mice (n = 6 per group) were treated for 7 days with synthetic ligands to activate specific nuclear hormone receptors (NHRs) and the hepatic gene expression of CYP26A1 was investigated. Hepatic gene expression of stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase 1 (SCD1), elongase 6 (ELOVL6), and CYP26A1 was examined using quantitative real-time PCR (QRT-PCR). Fatty acid composition in mouse plasma phospholipids was analyzed by gas chromatography (GC). RESULTS We found significantly reduced hepatic gene expression of SCD1 and ELOVL6 after the fish oil diet compared with the other diets. This resulted in reduced enzyme-specific fatty acid ratios, e.g., 18:1n9/18:0 for SCD1 and 18:0/16:0 and 18:1n7/16:1n7 for ELOVL6 in plasma phospholipids. Furthermore, CYP26A1 a retinoic acid receptor-specific target was revealed as a new player mediating the suppressive effect of fish oil-supplemented diet on SCD1 and ELOVL6 hepatic gene expression. CONCLUSION Plasma levels of MUFAs and SAFAs strongly reflect an altered hepatic fatty acid-metabolizing enzyme expression after supplementation with different dietary fats/oils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Weiss-Hersh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ada L Garcia
- Human Nutrition, School of Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
| | | | | | - Tamás Decsi
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Ralph Rühl
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.,Paprika Bioanalytics BT, Debrecen, Hungary
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Docosahexaenoic acid,22:6n-3: Its roles in the structure and function of the brain. Int J Dev Neurosci 2019; 79:21-31. [PMID: 31629800 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2019.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid,22:6n-3 (DHA) and its metabolites are vital for the structure and functional brain development of the fetus and infants, and also for maintenance of healthy brain function of adults. DHA is thought to be an essential nutrient required throughout the life cycle for the maintenance of overall brain health. The mode of actions of DHA and its derivatives at both cellular and molecular levels in the brain are emerging. DHA is the major prevalent fatty acid in the brain membrane. The brain maintains its fatty acid levels mainly via the uptake of plasma free fatty acids. Therefore, circulating plasma DHA is significantly related to cognitive abilities during ageing and is inversely associated with cognitive decline. The signaling pathways of DHA and its metabolites are involved in neurogenesis, antinociceptive effects, anti-apoptotic effect, synaptic plasticity, Ca2+ homeostasis in brain diseases, and the functioning of nigrostriatal activities. Mechanisms of action of DHA metabolites on various processes in the brain are not yet well known. Epidemiological studies support a link between low habitual intake of DHA and a higher risk of brain disorders. A diet characterized by higher intakes of foods containing high in n-3 fatty acids, and/or lower intake of n-6 fatty acids was strongly associated with a lower Alzheimer's Disease and other brain disorders. Supplementation of DHA improves some behaviors associated with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and impulsive behavior, as well as cognition. Nevertheless, the outcomes of trials with DHA supplementation have been controversial. Many intervention studies with DHA have shown an apparent benefit in brain function. However, clinical trials are needed for definitive conclusions. Dietary deficiency of n-3 fatty acids during fetal development in utero and the postnatal state has detrimental effects on cognitive abilities. Further research in humans is required to assess a variety of clinical outcomes, including quality of life and mental status, by supplementation of DHA.
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Yamada S, Kawasaki M, Fujihara M, Watanabe M, Takamura Y, Takioku M, Nishioka H, Takeuchi Y, Makishima M, Motoyama T, Ito S, Tokiwa H, Nakano S, Kakuta H. Competitive Binding Assay with an Umbelliferone-Based Fluorescent Rexinoid for Retinoid X Receptor Ligand Screening. J Med Chem 2019; 62:8809-8818. [PMID: 31483660 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Ligands for retinoid X receptors (RXRs), "rexinoids", are attracting interest as candidates for therapy of type 2 diabetes and Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. However, current screening methods for rexinoids are slow and require special apparatus or facilities. Here, we created 7-hydroxy-2-oxo-6-(3,5,5,8,8-pentamethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-2-yl)-2H-chromene-3-carboxylic acid (10, CU-6PMN) as a new fluorescent RXR agonist and developed a screening system of rexinoids using 10. Compound 10 was designed based on the fact that umbelliferone emits strong fluorescence in a hydrophilic environment, but the fluorescence intensity decreases in hydrophobic environments such as the interior of proteins. The developed assay using 10 enabled screening of rexinoids to be performed easily within a few hours by monitoring changes of fluorescence intensity with widely available fluorescence microplate readers, without the need for processes such as filtration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoya Yamada
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences , 1-1-1, Tsushima-naka , Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530 , Japan.,Research Fellowship Division , Japan Society for the Promotion of Science , Sumitomo-Ichibancho FS Bldg., 8 Ichibancho , Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-8472 , Japan
| | - Mayu Kawasaki
- Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences , University of Shizuoka , 52-1 Yada , Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526 , Japan
| | - Michiko Fujihara
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences , 1-1-1, Tsushima-naka , Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530 , Japan.,AIBIOS Co. Ltd. , Tri-Seven Roppongi 8F 7-7-7 Roppongi , Minato-ku, Tokyo 106-0032 Japan
| | - Masaki Watanabe
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences , 1-1-1, Tsushima-naka , Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530 , Japan
| | - Yuta Takamura
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences , 1-1-1, Tsushima-naka , Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530 , Japan
| | - Maho Takioku
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences , 1-1-1, Tsushima-naka , Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530 , Japan
| | - Hiromi Nishioka
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences , 1-1-1, Tsushima-naka , Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530 , Japan
| | - Yasuo Takeuchi
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences , 1-1-1, Tsushima-naka , Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530 , Japan
| | - Makoto Makishima
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Sciences , Nihon University School of Medicine , 30-1 Oyaguchi-kamicho , Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610 , Japan
| | - Tomoharu Motoyama
- Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences , University of Shizuoka , 52-1 Yada , Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526 , Japan
| | - Sohei Ito
- Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences , University of Shizuoka , 52-1 Yada , Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526 , Japan
| | | | - Shogo Nakano
- Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences , University of Shizuoka , 52-1 Yada , Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526 , Japan
| | - Hiroki Kakuta
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences , 1-1-1, Tsushima-naka , Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530 , Japan
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Schierle S, Merk D. Therapeutic modulation of retinoid X receptors – SAR and therapeutic potential of RXR ligands and recent patents. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2019; 29:605-621. [DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2019.1643322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simone Schierle
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Daniel Merk
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
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Ovadia C, Perdones‐Montero A, Spagou K, Smith A, Sarafian MH, Gomez‐Romero M, Bellafante E, Clarke LC, Sadiq F, Nikolova V, Mitchell A, Dixon PH, Santa‐Pinter N, Wahlström A, Abu‐Hayyeh S, Walters JR, Marschall H, Holmes E, Marchesi JR, Williamson C. Enhanced Microbial Bile Acid Deconjugation and Impaired Ileal Uptake in Pregnancy Repress Intestinal Regulation of Bile Acid Synthesis. Hepatology 2019; 70:276-293. [PMID: 30983011 PMCID: PMC6619257 DOI: 10.1002/hep.30661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Pregnancy is associated with progressive hypercholanemia, hypercholesterolemia, and hypertriglyceridemia, which can result in metabolic disease in susceptible women. Gut signals modify hepatic homeostatic pathways, linking intestinal content to metabolic activity. We sought to identify whether enteric endocrine signals contribute to raised serum bile acids observed in human and murine pregnancies, by measuring fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 19/15 protein and mRNA levels, and 7α-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one. Terminal ileal farnesoid X receptor (FXR)-mediated gene expression and apical sodium bile acid transporter (ASBT) protein concentration were measured by qPCR and western blotting. Shotgun whole-genome sequencing and ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry were used to determine the cecal microbiome and metabonome. Targeted and untargeted pathway analyses were performed to predict the systemic effects of the altered metagenome and metabolite profiles. Dietary CA supplementation was used to determine whether the observed alterations could be overcome by intestinal bile acids functioning as FXR agonists. Human and murine pregnancy were associated with reduced intestinal FXR signaling, with lower FGF19/15 and resultant increased hepatic bile acid synthesis. Terminal ileal ASBT protein was reduced in murine pregnancy. Cecal bile acid conjugation was reduced in pregnancy because of elevated bile salt hydrolase-producing Bacteroidetes. CA supplementation induced intestinal FXR signaling, which was not abrogated by pregnancy, with strikingly similar changes to the microbiota and metabonome as identified in pregnancy. Conclusion: The altered intestinal microbiota of pregnancy enhance bile acid deconjugation, reducing ileal bile acid uptake and lowering FXR induction in enterocytes. This exacerbates the effects mediated by reduced bile acid uptake transporters in pregnancy. Thus, in pregnant women and mice, there is reduced FGF19/15-mediated hepatic repression of hepatic bile acid synthesis, resulting in hypercholanemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Ovadia
- Division of Women and Children's HealthKing's College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Alvaro Perdones‐Montero
- Section of Biomolecular Medicine, Division of Computational & Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery & Cancer, Faculty of MedicineImperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Konstantina Spagou
- Section of Biomolecular Medicine, Division of Computational & Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery & Cancer, Faculty of MedicineImperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Ann Smith
- School of BiosciencesCardiff UniversityCardiffUnited Kingdom
| | - Magali H. Sarafian
- Section of Biomolecular Medicine, Division of Computational & Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery & Cancer, Faculty of MedicineImperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Maria Gomez‐Romero
- Section of Biomolecular Medicine, Division of Computational & Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery & Cancer, Faculty of MedicineImperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Elena Bellafante
- Division of Women and Children's HealthKing's College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Louise C.D. Clarke
- Division of Women and Children's HealthKing's College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Fouzia Sadiq
- Division of Digestive DiseasesHammersmith Hospital, Imperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Vanya Nikolova
- Division of Women and Children's HealthKing's College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Alice Mitchell
- Division of Women and Children's HealthKing's College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Peter H. Dixon
- Division of Women and Children's HealthKing's College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Natalie Santa‐Pinter
- Division of Women and Children's HealthKing's College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Annika Wahlström
- Institute of Medicine, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine and Wallenberg LaboratoryUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Shadi Abu‐Hayyeh
- Division of Women and Children's HealthKing's College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Julian R.F. Walters
- Division of Digestive DiseasesHammersmith Hospital, Imperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Hanns‐Ulrich Marschall
- Institute of Medicine, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine and Wallenberg LaboratoryUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Elaine Holmes
- Section of Biomolecular Medicine, Division of Computational & Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery & Cancer, Faculty of MedicineImperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Julian R. Marchesi
- School of BiosciencesCardiff UniversityCardiffUnited Kingdom,Centre for Digestive and Gut Health, Department of Surgery and CancerImperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Catherine Williamson
- Division of Women and Children's HealthKing's College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
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49
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Krężel W, Rühl R, de Lera AR. Alternative retinoid X receptor (RXR) ligands. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2019; 491:110436. [PMID: 31026478 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2019.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Retinoid X receptors (RXRs) control a wide variety of functions by virtue of their dimerization with other nuclear hormone receptors (NRs), contributing thereby to activities of different signaling pathways. We review known RXR ligands as transcriptional modulators of specific RXR-dimers and the associated biological processes. We also discuss the physiological relevance of such ligands, which remains frequently a matter of debate and which at present is best met by member(s) of a novel family of retinoids, postulated as Vitamin A5. Through comparison with other natural, but also with synthetic ligands, we discuss high diversity in the modes of ligand binding to RXRs resulting in agonistic or antagonistic profiles and selectivity towards specific subtypes of permissive heterodimers. Despite such diversity, direct ligand binding to the ligand binding pocket resulting in agonistic activity was preferentially preserved in the course of animal evolution pointing to its functional relevance, and potential for existence of other, species-specific endogenous RXR ligands sharing the same mode of function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Krężel
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7104, Illkirch, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U 1258, Illkirch, France; Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France.
| | - Ralph Rühl
- Paprika Bioanalytics BT, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Angel R de Lera
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultade de Química, Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310, Vigo, Spain
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50
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Hammels I, Binczek E, Schmidt-Soltau I, Jenke B, Thomas A, Vogel M, Thevis M, Filipova D, Papadopoulos S, Stoffel W. Novel CB1-ligands maintain homeostasis of the endocannabinoid system in ω3- and ω6-long-chain-PUFA deficiency. J Lipid Res 2019; 60:1396-1409. [PMID: 31167809 PMCID: PMC6672042 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m094664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammalian ω3- and ω6-PUFAs are synthesized from essential fatty acids (EFAs) or supplied by the diet. PUFAs are constitutive elements of membrane architecture and precursors of lipid signaling molecules. EFAs and long-chain (LC)-PUFAs are precursors in the synthesis of endocannabinoid ligands of Gi/o protein-coupled cannabinoid receptor (CB)1 and CB2 in the endocannabinoid system, which critically regulate energy homeostasis as the metabolic signaling system in hypothalamic neuronal circuits and behavioral parameters. We utilized the auxotrophic fatty acid desaturase 2-deficient (fads2−/−) mouse, deficient in LC-PUFA synthesis, to follow the age-dependent dynamics of the PUFA pattern in the CNS-phospholipidome in unbiased dietary studies of three cohorts on sustained LC-PUFA-free ω6-arachidonic acid- and DHA-supplemented diets and their impact on the precursor pool of CB1 ligands. We discovered the transformation of eicosa-all cis-5,11,14-trienoic acid, uncommon in mammalian lipidomes, into two novel endocannabinoids, 20:35,11,14-ethanolamide and 2-20:35,11,14-glycerol. Their function as ligands of CB1 has been characterized in HEK293 cells. Labeling experiments excluded Δ8-desaturase activity and proved the position specificity of FADS2. The fads2−/− mutant might serve as an unbiased model in vivo in the development of novel CB1 agonists and antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ina Hammels
- Center of Molecular Medicine (CMMC), Laboratory of Molecular Neurosciences, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence, Cellular Stress Response in Aging Related Diseases (CECAD) University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Erika Binczek
- Center of Molecular Medicine (CMMC), Laboratory of Molecular Neurosciences, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Inga Schmidt-Soltau
- Center of Molecular Medicine (CMMC), Laboratory of Molecular Neurosciences, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Britta Jenke
- Center of Molecular Medicine (CMMC), Laboratory of Molecular Neurosciences, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Andreas Thomas
- Institute of Biochemistry Deutsche Sporthochschule (DSHS) Cologne, 50933 Cologne, Germany
| | - Matthias Vogel
- Institute of Biochemistry Deutsche Sporthochschule (DSHS) Cologne, 50933 Cologne, Germany
| | - Mario Thevis
- Institute of Biochemistry Deutsche Sporthochschule (DSHS) Cologne, 50933 Cologne, Germany
| | - Dilyana Filipova
- Institute of Vegetative Physiology, Center of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Symeon Papadopoulos
- Institute of Vegetative Physiology, Center of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Wilhelm Stoffel
- Center of Molecular Medicine (CMMC), Laboratory of Molecular Neurosciences, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany .,Cluster of Excellence, Cellular Stress Response in Aging Related Diseases (CECAD) University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany.,Institute of Biochemistry Deutsche Sporthochschule (DSHS) Cologne, 50933 Cologne, Germany
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