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Lu L, Jing W, Qian W, Fan L, Cheng J. Association between dietary patterns and cardiovascular diseases: A review. Curr Probl Cardiol 2024; 49:102412. [PMID: 38278463 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2024.102412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD), especially atherosclerosis, is the primary cause of global deaths. It accounts for millions of deaths annually. Even a small reduction in CVD through preventive treatment can have a substantial impact. Dietary patterns and substances are strongly linked to chronic diseases such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, heart failure, and type 2 diabetes. An unhealthy diet could lead to traditional risk factors such as LDL levels, TG levels, diabetes, and high blood pressure while accelerating atherosclerosis progression. Recent research has shown the potential of dietary interventions to prevent and treat cardiovascular disease, particularly through healthy dietary patterns such as the Mediterranean diet or DASH. In 2016, the World Health Organization (WHO) and the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) launched a new initiative aimed at enhancing the prevention and control of cardiovascular disease (CVD) by improving the management of CVD in primary care, including the optimization of dietary patterns. Here, this review summarizes several large cohort researches about the effects of dietary patterns on atherosclerosis, refines dietary components, and outlines some typical anti-atherosclerosis dietary agents. Finally, this review discusses recent mechanisms by which dietary interventions affect atherosclerosis progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Lu
- Central Sterile Supply Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, China
| | - Wangwei Jing
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Westlake University, China
| | - Weiming Qian
- Department of Operating Room, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, China
| | - Lin Fan
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, China.
| | - Jifang Cheng
- Department of Cardiovascular Intervention, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, China.
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2
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Sun T, Zhang Y, Ding L, Zhang Y, Li T, Li Q. The Relationship Between Major Food Sources of Fructose and Cardiovascular Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Prospective Studies. Adv Nutr 2023; 14:256-269. [PMID: 36803836 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2022.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
There is emerging evidence of associations between intake of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs), those that include various forms of added sugar, and increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) but whether consumption of other dietary sources of fructose affects CVD is unclear. In this study, we conducted a meta-analysis to examine potential dose-response relationships between such foods and CVD, coronary heart disease (CHD), and stroke morbidity and mortality. We systematically searched the literature indexed in PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library from the inception of each database to February 10, 2022. We included prospective cohort studies analyzing the association between at least 1 dietary source of fructose and CVD, CHD, and stroke. Based on data from 64 included studies, summary HRs and 95% CIs were calculated for the highest intake category compared with the lowest, and dose-response analyses were performed. Of all fructose sources examined, only SSB intakes showed positive associations with CVD, giving summary HRs per 250 mL/d increase of 1.10 (95% CI: 1.02, 1.17) for CVD, 1.11 (95% CI: 1.05, 1.17) for CHD, 1.08 (95% CI: 1.02, 1.13) for stroke morbidity, and 1.06 (95% CI: 1.02, 1.10) for CVD mortality. Conversely, 3 dietary sources showed protective associations: between fruits and CVD morbidity (HR: 0.97; 95% CI: 0.96, 0.98), fruits and CVD mortality (HR: 0.94; 95% CI: 0.92, 0.97), yogurt and CVD mortality (HR: 0.96; 95% CI: 0.93, 0.99), and breakfast cereals and CVD mortality (HR: 0.80; 95% CI: 0.70, 0.90). All these relationships were linear except for fruit, which was J-shaped: CVD morbidity was the lowest at 200 g/d and there was no protective association above 400 g/d. These findings indicate that the adverse associations between SSBs and CVD, CHD, and stroke morbidity and mortality do not extend to other dietary sources of fructose. The food matrix seemed to modify the association between fructose and cardiovascular outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yabing Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lin Ding
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yonggang Zhang
- Chinese Evidence-Based Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Laboratory of Mitochondria and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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3
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Kibe LW, Bazargan M. Fruit and Vegetable Intake Among Older African American and Hispanic Adults With Cardiovascular Risk Factors. Gerontol Geriatr Med 2022; 8:23337214211057730. [PMID: 35340364 PMCID: PMC8943447 DOI: 10.1177/23337214211057730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
African Americans and Hispanics are disproportionately burdened by cardiovascular risk
factors including hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and obesity. There is evidence that
fruits and vegetables have protective benefits for cardiovascular health. Factors
associated with fruit and vegetable intake among older minority adults are not well
established. A cross-sectional analysis of African American and Hispanic adults
>55 years with diagnosis of hypertension and/or diabetes was conducted. Daily intake of
fruits and vegetables was analyzed by socio-demographic, health status, health behaviors,
and access to fruits and vegetables. 77% of participants did not meet the United States
Department of Agriculture ≥5 a day serving guidelines. Fruit and vegetable consumption was
not associated with having hypertension or diabetes. Body mass index >25 and regular
exercise were significantly associated with more vegetable intake, but not fruit. African
Americans consumed significantly less fruits and vegetables than Hispanics. Among those
with access to fruits and vegetables, 78% did not meet the guidelines. Many older African
American and Hispanic adults with cardiovascular disease risk factors do not meet the
fruit and vegetable intake guidelines. Inadequate intake is worse among African Americans,
sedentary, and non-overweight/obese adults. Studies are needed to understand the barriers
associated with fruit and vegetable intake in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy W Kibe
- Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mohsen Bazargan
- Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Pani A, Baratta F, Pastori D, Coronati M, Scaglione F, Del Ben M. Prevention and management of type II diabetes chronic complications: the role of polyphenols (Mini-Review). Curr Med Chem 2021; 29:1099-1109. [PMID: 34477505 DOI: 10.2174/0929867328666210902131021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The numerous complications of diabetes may be at least in part generated by the oxidative stress associated with the constant state of hyperglycemia. Polyphenols are plant based secondary metabolites that have high potentials in the prevention and treatment of some diseases, in particular those that involve oxidative stress, such as complications of diabetes. The purpose of this narrative review is to show the main evidence regarding the role of polyphenols in treating and preventing these complications. For the bibliographic research, the papers published up to March 15, 2021 were considered and the search terms included words relating to polyphenols, their classes and some more known compounds, in association with the complications of diabetes. There are numerous studies showing how polyphenols are active against endothelial damage induced by diabetes, oxidative stress and hyperinflammatory states that are at the origin of the complications of diabetes. Compounds such as flavonoids, but also anthocyanins, stilbenes or lignans slow the progression of kidney damage, prevent ischemic events and diabetic nephropathy. Many of these studies are preclinical, in cellular or animal models. The role of polyphenols in the prevention and treatment of diabetes complications is undoubtedly promising. However, more clinical trials need to be implemented to understand the real effectiveness of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Pani
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Baratta
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniele Pastori
- Department of Clinical, Internal, Anaesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, viale del Policlinico 155, Rome, Italy
| | - Mattia Coronati
- Department of Clinical, Internal, Anaesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, viale del Policlinico 155, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Scaglione
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Del Ben
- Department of Clinical, Internal, Anaesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, viale del Policlinico 155, Rome, Italy
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Ma Y, McRae C, Wu YH, Dubé L. Exploring Pathways of Socioeconomic Inequity in Vegetable Expenditure Among Consumers Participating in a Grocery Loyalty Program in Quebec, Canada, 2015-2017. Front Public Health 2021; 9:634372. [PMID: 34409001 PMCID: PMC8365471 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.634372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Vegetable consumption remains consistently low despite supportive policy and investments across the world. Vegetables are available in great variety, ranging in their processing level, availability, cost, and arguably, nutritional value. A retrospective longitudinal study was conducted in Quebec, Canada to explore pathways of socioeconomic inequity in vegetable expenditure. Data was obtained for consumers who participated in a grocery loyalty program from 2015 to 2017 and linked to the 2016 Canadian census. Vegetable expenditure share (%) was examined as a fraction of the overall food basket and segmented by processing level. Panel random effects and tobit models were used overall and to estimate the stratified analysis by median income split. Consumers allocated 8.35% of their total food expenditure to vegetables, which was mostly allocated to non-processed fresh (6.88%). Vegetable expenditure share was the highest in early winter and lowest in late summer. In the stratified analysis, the low-income group exhibited less seasonal variation, allocated less to fresh vegetables, and spent more on canned and frozen compared to the high-income group. Measures of socioeconomic status were all significant drivers of overall vegetable consumption. Consumers with high post-secondary education in the low-income group spent 2% more on vegetables than those with low education. The complexity of observed expenditure patterns points to a need for more specific vegetable consumption guidelines that include provisions by processing level. Implications for education, marketing, intersectional policies, and the role of government are discussed. Governments can scale present efforts and catalyze health-promoting investments across local, state, national, and global food systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ma
- Desautels Faculty of Management, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,McGill Centre for the Convergence of Health and Economics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Cameron McRae
- Desautels Faculty of Management, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,McGill Centre for the Convergence of Health and Economics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Yun-Hsuan Wu
- McGill Centre for the Convergence of Health and Economics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Laurette Dubé
- Desautels Faculty of Management, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,McGill Centre for the Convergence of Health and Economics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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6
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McKay GJ, Lyner N, Linden GJ, Kee F, Moitry M, Biasch K, Amouyel P, Dallongeville J, Bongard V, Ferrières J, Gey KF, Patterson CC, Woodside JV. Association of low plasma antioxidant levels with all-cause mortality and coronary events in healthy middle-aged men from France and Northern Ireland in the PRIME study. Eur J Nutr 2021; 60:2631-2641. [PMID: 33355688 PMCID: PMC8275518 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-020-02455-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The main underlying risk factors associated with coronary heart disease (CHD) are modifiable and oxidative injury and systemic inflammatory damage represent key aetiological factors associated with the development and progression of CHD and premature mortality. OBJECTIVE To examine associations of plasma antioxidant status with all-cause mortality and fatal or non-fatal cardiovascular events. DESIGN The PRIME study prospectively evaluated 9709 men aged 50-59 years between 1991 and 1993 in Northern Ireland and France who were free of CHD at recruitment and followed annually for deaths and cardiovascular events for 10 years. Serum concentrations of vitamin C, retinol, two forms of vitamin E (α- and γ-tocopherol) and six carotenoids were quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography. Baseline conventional risk factors were considered, as well as socioeconomic differences and lifestyle behaviours including diet, smoking habit, physical activity, and alcohol consumption through Cox regression analyses. RESULTS At 10 years, there were 538 deaths from any cause and 440 fatal or non-fatal cardiovascular events. After adjustment for country, age, systolic blood pressure, diabetes, body mass index, cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, height, total physical activity, alcohol consumption and smoking habit, higher levels of all antioxidants were associated with significantly lower risk of all-cause mortality, with the exception of γ-tocopherol. Only retinol was significantly associated with decreased risk of cardiovascular events in a fully adjusted model. CONCLUSIONS Low antioxidant levels contribute to the gradient of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular incidence independent of lifestyle behaviours and traditional cardiovascular and socioeconomic risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gareth J McKay
- Centre for Public Health, Royal Victoria Hospital, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT12 6BA, UK.
| | - Natalie Lyner
- Centre for Public Health, Royal Victoria Hospital, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT12 6BA, UK
| | - Gerry J Linden
- Centre for Public Health, Royal Victoria Hospital, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT12 6BA, UK
| | - Frank Kee
- Centre for Public Health, Royal Victoria Hospital, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT12 6BA, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - K Fred Gey
- The MONICA Reference Centre for Vitamins, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Chris C Patterson
- Centre for Public Health, Royal Victoria Hospital, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT12 6BA, UK
| | - Jayne V Woodside
- Centre for Public Health, Royal Victoria Hospital, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT12 6BA, UK
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7
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Effect of a New Formulation of Nutraceuticals as an Add-On to Metformin Monotherapy for Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Suboptimal Glycemic Control: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13072373. [PMID: 34371883 PMCID: PMC8308828 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate the overall biohumoral and metabolic effects of a 12-week add-on therapy consisting of a new nutraceutical formulation (BHC) based on berberine, hesperidin, and chromium picolinate in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) patients with suboptimal glycemic compensation receiving metformin. After 12 weeks, participants in the group receiving metformin plus BHC, compared to the group receiving metformin only, saw a significant improvement in their glucose profile, in terms of both glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and fasting blood glucose (FBG). Their FBG dropped from 145 ± 20 mg/dL to 128 ± 23 mg/dL (p < 0.01), a decrease of 11.7% compared with the baseline. This decrease differed significantly from the situation in the control arm (p < 0.05). HbA1c decreased by 7.5% from the baseline, from 53.5 ± 4.3 mmol/mol to 49.5 ± 5.1 mmol/mol (p < 0.01), in the group given BHC, while no difference was seen in the control group. Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were found to be significantly reduced (p < 0.01) only in the BHC group, from 9.34 ± 7.61 μg/mL to 6.75 ± 6.13 μg/mL, and from 1.7 ± 0.15 μmol/L to 1.4 ± 0.25 μmol/L, respectively. In patients with T2D taking metformin with suboptimal glycemic compensation, adding BHC for 3 months significantly improved glucose control in terms of FBG and HbA1c, and had a positive effect on the lipid peroxidation profile, as indicated by a decrease in AGEs and MDA.
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8
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Association between overall fruit and vegetable intake, and fruit and vegetable sub-types and blood pressure: the PRIME study (Prospective Epidemiological Study of Myocardial Infarction). Br J Nutr 2021; 125:557-567. [PMID: 32364085 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114520001518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Increased fruit and vegetable (FV) intake is associated with reduced blood pressure (BP). However, it is not clear whether the effect of FV on BP depends on the type of FV consumed. Furthermore, there is limited research regarding the comparative effect of juices or whole FV on BP. Baseline data from a prospective cohort study of 10 660 men aged 50-59 years examined not only the cross-sectional association between total FV intake but also specific types of FV and BP in France and Northern Ireland. BP was measured, and dietary intake assessed using FFQ. After adjusting for confounders, both systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) were significantly inversely associated with total fruit, vegetable and fruit juice intake; however, when examined according to fruit or vegetable sub-type (citrus fruit, other fruit, fruit juices, cooked vegetables and raw vegetables), only the other fruit and raw vegetable categories were consistently associated with reduced SBP and DBP. In relation to the risk of hypertension based on SBP >140 mmHg, the OR for total fruit, vegetable and fruit juice intake (per fourth) was 0·95 (95 % CI 0·91, 1·00), with the same estimates being 0·98 (95 % CI 0·94, 1·02) for citrus fruit (per fourth), 1·02 (95 % CI 0·98, 1·06) for fruit juice (per fourth), 0·93 (95 % CI 0·89, 0·98) for other fruit (per fourth), 1·05 (95 % CI 0·99, 1·10) for cooked vegetable (per fourth) and 0·86 (95 % CI 0·80, 0·91) for raw vegetable intakes (per fourth). Similar results were obtained for DBP. In conclusion, a high overall intake of fruit, vegetables and fruit juice was inversely associated with SBP, DBP and risk of hypertension, but this differed by FV sub-type, suggesting that the strength of the association between FV sub-types and BP might be related to the type consumed, or to processing or cooking-related factors.
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9
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Zurbau A, Au‐Yeung F, Blanco Mejia S, Khan TA, Vuksan V, Jovanovski E, Leiter LA, Kendall CWC, Jenkins DJA, Sievenpiper JL. Relation of Different Fruit and Vegetable Sources With Incident Cardiovascular Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 9:e017728. [PMID: 33000670 PMCID: PMC7792377 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.120.017728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background Public health policies reflect concerns that certain fruit sources may not have the intended benefits and that vegetables should be preferred to fruit. We assessed the relation of fruit and vegetable sources with cardiovascular outcomes using a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Methods and Results MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane were searched through June 3, 2019. Two independent reviewers extracted data and assessed study quality (Newcastle-Ottawa Scale). Data were pooled (fixed effects), and heterogeneity (Cochrane-Q and I2) and certainty of the evidence (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation) were assessed. Eighty-one cohorts involving 4 031 896 individuals and 125 112 cardiovascular events were included. Total fruit and vegetables, fruit, and vegetables were associated with decreased cardiovascular disease (risk ratio, 0.93 [95% CI, 0.89-0.96]; 0.91 [0.88-0.95]; and 0.94 [0.90-0.97], respectively), coronary heart disease (0.88 [0.83-0.92]; 0.88 [0.84-0.92]; and 0.92 [0.87-0.96], respectively), and stroke (0.82 [0.77-0.88], 0.82 [0.79-0.85]; and 0.88 [0.83-0.93], respectively) incidence. Total fruit and vegetables, fruit, and vegetables were associated with decreased cardiovascular disease (0.89 [0.85-0.93]; 0.88 [0.86-0.91]; and 0.87 [0.85-0.90], respectively), coronary heart disease (0.81 [0.72-0.92]; 0.86 [0.82-0.90]; and 0.86 [0.83-0.89], respectively), and stroke (0.73 [0.65-0.81]; 0.87 [0.84-0.91]; and 0.94 [0.90-0.99], respectively) mortality. There were greater benefits for citrus, 100% fruit juice, and pommes among fruit sources and allium, carrots, cruciferous, and green leafy among vegetable sources. No sources showed an adverse association. The certainty of the evidence was "very low" to "moderate," with the highest for total fruit and/or vegetables, pommes fruit, and green leafy vegetables. Conclusions Fruits and vegetables are associated with cardiovascular benefit, with some sources associated with greater benefit and none showing an adverse association. Registration URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT03394339.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreea Zurbau
- Department of Nutritional SciencesFaculty of MedicineUniversity of TorontoOntarioCanada
- Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification CenterSt. Michael’s HospitalTorontoOntarioCanada
- Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trial UnitTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Fei Au‐Yeung
- Department of Nutritional SciencesFaculty of MedicineUniversity of TorontoOntarioCanada
- Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification CenterSt. Michael’s HospitalTorontoOntarioCanada
- Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trial UnitTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Sonia Blanco Mejia
- Department of Nutritional SciencesFaculty of MedicineUniversity of TorontoOntarioCanada
- Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification CenterSt. Michael’s HospitalTorontoOntarioCanada
- Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trial UnitTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Tauseef A. Khan
- Department of Nutritional SciencesFaculty of MedicineUniversity of TorontoOntarioCanada
- Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trial UnitTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Vladimir Vuksan
- Department of Nutritional SciencesFaculty of MedicineUniversity of TorontoOntarioCanada
- Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification CenterSt. Michael’s HospitalTorontoOntarioCanada
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge InstituteSt. Michael’s HospitalTorontoOntarioCanada
- Division of Endocrinology and MetabolismSt. Michael’s HospitalTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Elena Jovanovski
- Department of Nutritional SciencesFaculty of MedicineUniversity of TorontoOntarioCanada
- Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification CenterSt. Michael’s HospitalTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Lawrence A. Leiter
- Department of Nutritional SciencesFaculty of MedicineUniversity of TorontoOntarioCanada
- Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification CenterSt. Michael’s HospitalTorontoOntarioCanada
- Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trial UnitTorontoOntarioCanada
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge InstituteSt. Michael’s HospitalTorontoOntarioCanada
- Division of Endocrinology and MetabolismSt. Michael’s HospitalTorontoOntarioCanada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of TorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Cyril W. C. Kendall
- Department of Nutritional SciencesFaculty of MedicineUniversity of TorontoOntarioCanada
- Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification CenterSt. Michael’s HospitalTorontoOntarioCanada
- Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trial UnitTorontoOntarioCanada
- College of Pharmacy and NutritionUniversity of SaskatchewanSaskatoonSaskatchewanCanada
| | - David J. A. Jenkins
- Department of Nutritional SciencesFaculty of MedicineUniversity of TorontoOntarioCanada
- Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification CenterSt. Michael’s HospitalTorontoOntarioCanada
- Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trial UnitTorontoOntarioCanada
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge InstituteSt. Michael’s HospitalTorontoOntarioCanada
- Division of Endocrinology and MetabolismSt. Michael’s HospitalTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - John L. Sievenpiper
- Department of Nutritional SciencesFaculty of MedicineUniversity of TorontoOntarioCanada
- Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification CenterSt. Michael’s HospitalTorontoOntarioCanada
- Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trial UnitTorontoOntarioCanada
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge InstituteSt. Michael’s HospitalTorontoOntarioCanada
- Division of Endocrinology and MetabolismSt. Michael’s HospitalTorontoOntarioCanada
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10
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Pla-Pagà L, Companys J, Calderón-Pérez L, Llauradó E, Solà R, Valls RM, Pedret A. Effects of hesperidin consumption on cardiovascular risk biomarkers: a systematic review of animal studies and human randomized clinical trials. Nutr Rev 2019; 77:845-864. [DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuz036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Context
The cardioprotective effects of the flavonoid hesperidin, which is present in citrus products, are controversial and unclear. This systematic review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA 2015 guidelines.
Objective
To evaluate the current evidence from animal and human clinical studies and thus determine whether the consumption of hesperidin exerts beneficial effects on cardiovascular risk factors.
Data sources
PICOS (Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome, and Study Design) criteria defined the research question. Searches of the PubMed and Cochrane Plus databases were conducted and studies that met the inclusion criteria and were published in English in the last 15 years were included.
Data extraction
The first author, year of publication, study design, characteristics of animals and humans, intervention groups, dose of hesperidin, route of administration, duration of the intervention, cardiovascular risk biomarkers assessed, and results observed were extracted from the included articles.
Results
A total of 12 animal studies and 11 randomized clinical trials met the inclusion criteria. In the animal studies, the glucose, total and LDL cholesterol, and triglyceride levels decreased with chronic flavonoid consumption. In the human studies, endothelial function improved with flavonoid consumption, whereas no conclusive results were observed for the other biomarkers.
Conclusions
Animal studies have revealed that hesperidin and hesperetin consumption reduces glucose levels and various lipid profile parameters. However, a definitive conclusion cannot be drawn from the existing human clinical trials. Further research is needed to confirm whether the findings observed in animal models can also be observed in humans.
Systematic Review Registration
Prospero registration number CRD42018088942.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Pla-Pagà
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, Reus, Spain
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Functional Nutrition, Oxidation and Cardiovascular Disease Group (NFOC-SALUT), Reus, Spain
- Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Reus, Spain
| | - J Companys
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, Reus, Spain
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Functional Nutrition, Oxidation and Cardiovascular Disease Group (NFOC-SALUT), Reus, Spain
| | - L Calderón-Pérez
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, Reus, Spain
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Functional Nutrition, Oxidation and Cardiovascular Disease Group (NFOC-SALUT), Reus, Spain
| | - E Llauradó
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, Reus, Spain
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Functional Nutrition, Oxidation and Cardiovascular Disease Group (NFOC-SALUT), Reus, Spain
| | - R Solà
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, Reus, Spain
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Functional Nutrition, Oxidation and Cardiovascular Disease Group (NFOC-SALUT), Reus, Spain
- Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Reus, Spain
| | - R M Valls
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, Reus, Spain
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Functional Nutrition, Oxidation and Cardiovascular Disease Group (NFOC-SALUT), Reus, Spain
| | - A Pedret
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, Reus, Spain
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Functional Nutrition, Oxidation and Cardiovascular Disease Group (NFOC-SALUT), Reus, Spain
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11
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Stanhope KL, Goran MI, Bosy-Westphal A, King JC, Schmidt LA, Schwarz JM, Stice E, Sylvetsky AC, Turnbaugh PJ, Bray GA, Gardner CD, Havel PJ, Malik V, Mason AE, Ravussin E, Rosenbaum M, Welsh JA, Allister-Price C, Sigala DM, Greenwood MRC, Astrup A, Krauss RM. Pathways and mechanisms linking dietary components to cardiometabolic disease: thinking beyond calories. Obes Rev 2018; 19:1205-1235. [PMID: 29761610 PMCID: PMC6530989 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Calories from any food have the potential to increase risk for obesity and cardiometabolic disease because all calories can directly contribute to positive energy balance and fat gain. However, various dietary components or patterns may promote obesity and cardiometabolic disease by additional mechanisms that are not mediated solely by caloric content. Researchers explored this topic at the 2017 CrossFit Foundation Academic Conference 'Diet and Cardiometabolic Health - Beyond Calories', and this paper summarizes the presentations and follow-up discussions. Regarding the health effects of dietary fat, sugar and non-nutritive sweeteners, it is concluded that food-specific saturated fatty acids and sugar-sweetened beverages promote cardiometabolic diseases by mechanisms that are additional to their contribution of calories to positive energy balance and that aspartame does not promote weight gain. The challenges involved in conducting and interpreting clinical nutritional research, which preclude more extensive conclusions, are detailed. Emerging research is presented exploring the possibility that responses to certain dietary components/patterns are influenced by the metabolic status, developmental period or genotype of the individual; by the responsiveness of brain regions associated with reward to food cues; or by the microbiome. More research regarding these potential 'beyond calories' mechanisms may lead to new strategies for attenuating the obesity crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L Stanhope
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - M I Goran
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - A Bosy-Westphal
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - J C King
- Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - L A Schmidt
- Philip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,California Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Anthropology, History, and Social Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - J-M Schwarz
- Touro University, Vallejo, CA, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - E Stice
- Oregon Research Institute, Eugene, OR, USA
| | - A C Sylvetsky
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - P J Turnbaugh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, G.W. Hooper Research Foundation, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - G A Bray
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - C D Gardner
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - P J Havel
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.,Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - V Malik
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - A E Mason
- Department of Psychiatry, Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - E Ravussin
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - M Rosenbaum
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - J A Welsh
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Wellness Department, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Nutrition and Health Sciences Doctoral Program, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - C Allister-Price
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - D M Sigala
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - M R C Greenwood
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - A Astrup
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, Faculty of Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - R M Krauss
- Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA, USA
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12
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Alzamora SM, López-Malo A, Guerrero SN, Tapia MS. The Hurdle Concept in Fruit Processing. FOOD ENGINEERING SERIES 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3311-2_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
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13
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Bechthold A, Boeing H, Schwedhelm C, Hoffmann G, Knüppel S, Iqbal K, De Henauw S, Michels N, Devleesschauwer B, Schlesinger S, Schwingshackl L. Food groups and risk of coronary heart disease, stroke and heart failure: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective studies. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 59:1071-1090. [PMID: 29039970 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2017.1392288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 357] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite growing evidence for food-based dietary patterns' potential to reduce cardiovascular disease risk, knowledge about the amounts of food associated with the greatest change in risk of specific cardiovascular outcomes and about the quality of meta-evidence is limited. Therefore, the aim of this meta-analysis was to synthesize the knowledge about the relation between intake of 12 major food groups (whole grains, refined grains, vegetables, fruits, nuts, legumes, eggs, dairy, fish, red meat, processed meat, and sugar-sweetened beverages [SSB]) and the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke and heart failure (HF). METHODS We conducted a systematic search in PubMed and Embase up to March 2017 for prospective studies. Summary risk ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were estimated using a random effects model for highest versus lowest intake categories, as well as for linear and non-linear relationships. RESULTS Overall, 123 reports were included in the meta-analyses. An inverse association was present for whole grains (RRCHD: 0.95 (95% CI: 0.92-0.98), RRHF: 0.96 (0.95-0.97)), vegetables and fruits (RRCHD: 0.97 (0.96-0.99), and 0.94 (0.90-0.97); RRstroke: 0.92 (0.86-0.98), and 0.90 (0.84-0.97)), nuts (RRCHD: 0.67 (0.43-1.05)), and fish consumption (RRCHD: 0.88 (0.79-0.99), RRstroke: 0.86 (0.75-0.99), and RRHF: 0.80 (0.67-0.95)), while a positive association was present for egg (RRHF: 1.16 (1.03-1.31)), red meat (RRCHD: 1.15 (1.08-1.23), RRstroke: 1.12 (1.06-1.17), RRHF: 1.08 (1.02-1.14)), processed meat (RRCHD: 1.27 (1.09-1.49), RRstroke: 1.17 (1.02-1.34), RRHF: 1.12 (1.05-1.19)), and SSB consumption (RRCHD: 1.17 (1.11-1.23), RRstroke: 1.07 (1.02-1.12), RRHF: 1.08 (1.05-1.12)) in the linear dose-response meta-analysis. There were clear indications for non-linear dose-response relationships between whole grains, fruits, nuts, dairy, and red meat and CHD. CONCLUSION An optimal intake of whole grains, vegetables, fruits, nuts, legumes, dairy, fish, red and processed meat, eggs and SSB showed an important lower risk of CHD, stroke, and HF.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Heiner Boeing
- b Department of Epidemiology , German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE) , Nuthetal , Germany
| | - Carolina Schwedhelm
- b Department of Epidemiology , German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE) , Nuthetal , Germany
| | - Georg Hoffmann
- c Department of Nutritional Sciences , University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria
| | - Sven Knüppel
- b Department of Epidemiology , German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE) , Nuthetal , Germany
| | - Khalid Iqbal
- b Department of Epidemiology , German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE) , Nuthetal , Germany
| | | | - Nathalie Michels
- d Department of Public Health , Ghent University , Gent , Belgium
| | - Brecht Devleesschauwer
- e Department of Public Health and Surveillance , Scientific Institute of Public Health (WIV-ISP) , Brussels , Belgium
| | - Sabrina Schlesinger
- f Institute for Biometry and Epidemiology, Deutsches Diabetes-Zentrum (DDZ) at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf , Düsseldorf , Germany
| | - Lukas Schwingshackl
- b Department of Epidemiology , German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE) , Nuthetal , Germany
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14
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Gaye B, Tafflet M, Arveiler D, Montaye M, Wagner A, Ruidavets JB, Kee F, Evans A, Amouyel P, Ferrieres J, Empana JP. Ideal Cardiovascular Health and Incident Cardiovascular Disease: Heterogeneity Across Event Subtypes and Mediating Effect of Blood Biomarkers: The PRIME Study. J Am Heart Assoc 2017; 6:JAHA.117.006389. [PMID: 29042430 PMCID: PMC5721848 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.117.006389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to investigate whether the association between baseline cardiovascular health (CVH) and incident cardiovascular disease differs according to coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke subtypes, and to assess the mediating effect of inflammatory and hemostatic blood biomarkers. Methods and Results The association of ideal CVH with outcomes was derived in 9312 middle‐aged men from Northern Ireland and France (whole cohort) in multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression analysis. The mediating effect of baseline inflammatory and hemostatic blood biomarkers was evaluated in a case–control study nested within the cohort after 10 years of follow‐up. After a median follow‐up of 10 years, 614 first CHD events and 117 first stroke events were adjudicated. Compared with those with poor CVH, those with an ideal CVH profile at baseline had a 72% lower risk of CHD (hazard ratio=0.28; 95% confidence interval, 0.17; 0.46) and a 76% lower risk of stroke (hazard ratio =0.24; 95% confidence interval, 0.06; 0.98). The magnitude of the risk reductions was similar for incident angina and myocardial infarction, but was lower for ischemic stroke. In the controls, the mean concentrations of high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein, IL‐6, and fibrinogen decreased with higher CVH status. Furthermore, the association of behavioral CVH with incident CHD was partly mediated by high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (16.69%), IL‐6 (8.52%), and fibrinogen (7.30%) Conclusions Our study shows no clear heterogeneity in the association of baseline CVH with the main subtypes of cardiovascular disease. This supports a universal promotion of ideal CVH for all cardiovascular disease subtypes. Furthermore, our mediation analysis suggests that the lower risk of CHD associated with ideal CVH is partly mediated by lower inflammatory and hemostatic blood biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bamba Gaye
- INSERM, U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Muriel Tafflet
- INSERM, U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Dominique Arveiler
- The Strasbourg MONICA Project, Laboratoire d'épidémiologie et de santé publique, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, France
| | - Michèle Montaye
- The Lille MONICA Project, INSERM, U1167, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Université Nord de France, Lille, France
| | - Aline Wagner
- The Strasbourg MONICA Project, Laboratoire d'épidémiologie et de santé publique, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, France
| | | | - Frank Kee
- The UKCRC Centre of Excellence for Public Health (NI), The Queen's University, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Alun Evans
- The UKCRC Centre of Excellence for Public Health (NI), The Queen's University, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Philippe Amouyel
- The Lille MONICA Project, INSERM, U1167, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Université Nord de France, Lille, France
| | - Jean Ferrieres
- The Toulouse MONICA Project, Toulouse University School of Medicine, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Empana
- INSERM, U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
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15
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Grosso G, Micek A, Godos J, Pajak A, Sciacca S, Galvano F, Boffetta P. Health risk factors associated with meat, fruit and vegetable consumption in cohort studies: A comprehensive meta-analysis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0183787. [PMID: 28850610 PMCID: PMC5574618 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to perform a meta-analysis to test the association between red, processed, and total meat, as well as fruit and vegetable consumption, and selected health risk factors, including body weight status, smoking habit, physical activity level, level of education, and alcohol drinking in cohort studies on non-communicable disease. A systematic search of electronic databases was performed to identify relevant articles published up to March 2017. In a two-stage approach, frequency-weighted linear regression coefficients were first calculated for each variable, and then combined across studies through meta-regression. Ninety-eight studies including 20 on red meat, 6 on processed meat, 12 on total meat, 37 on fruit and vegetable combined, 21 on fruit and 24 on vegetable consumption were analyzed. Intake of red meat was positively associated with BMI, percentage of overweight and obese, low physical activity, and current and ever smoking and inversely associated with percentage of non-smokers and high physically active individuals. Similar associations were found for red meat were found, although based on fewer data. Intake of fruits and vegetables was positively associated with prevalence of non-smokers, high education and high physical activity, and similar results were found when examining fruit and vegetable consumption separately. Stratification by geographical area revealed that some associations were stronger in US rather than European or Asian cohorts. In conclusions, the distribution of health risk factors associated with high meat and fruit/vegetable consumption may differ from those of low-consumers. Some of these differences may mediate, confound, or modify the relation between diet and non-communicable disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Grosso
- Integrated Cancer Registry of Catania-Messina-Siracusa-Enna, Azienda Ospedaliera Policlinico-Universitaria “Vittorio Emanuele”, Catania, Italy
- The Need for Nutrition Education/Innovation Programme (NNEdPro), University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Agnieszka Micek
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Justyna Godos
- Integrated Cancer Registry of Catania-Messina-Siracusa-Enna, Azienda Ospedaliera Policlinico-Universitaria “Vittorio Emanuele”, Catania, Italy
| | - Andrzej Pajak
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Salvatore Sciacca
- Integrated Cancer Registry of Catania-Messina-Siracusa-Enna, Azienda Ospedaliera Policlinico-Universitaria “Vittorio Emanuele”, Catania, Italy
| | - Fabio Galvano
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Paolo Boffetta
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States of America
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16
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Aune D, Giovannucci E, Boffetta P, Fadnes LT, Keum N, Norat T, Greenwood DC, Riboli E, Vatten LJ, Tonstad S. Fruit and vegetable intake and the risk of cardiovascular disease, total cancer and all-cause mortality-a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective studies. Int J Epidemiol 2017; 46:1029-1056. [PMID: 28338764 PMCID: PMC5837313 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyw319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1128] [Impact Index Per Article: 161.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Questions remain about the strength and shape of the dose-response relationship between fruit and vegetable intake and risk of cardiovascular disease, cancer and mortality, and the effects of specific types of fruit and vegetables. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to clarify these associations. Methods PubMed and Embase were searched up to 29 September 2016. Prospective studies of fruit and vegetable intake and cardiovascular disease, total cancer and all-cause mortality were included. Summary relative risks (RRs) were calculated using a random effects model, and the mortality burden globally was estimated; 95 studies (142 publications) were included. Results For fruits and vegetables combined, the summary RR per 200 g/day was 0.92 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.90-0.94, I 2 = 0%, n = 15] for coronary heart disease, 0.84 (95% CI: 0.76-0.92, I 2 = 73%, n = 10) for stroke, 0.92 (95% CI: 0.90-0.95, I 2 = 31%, n = 13) for cardiovascular disease, 0.97 (95% CI: 0.95-0.99, I 2 = 49%, n = 12) for total cancer and 0.90 (95% CI: 0.87-0.93, I 2 = 83%, n = 15) for all-cause mortality. Similar associations were observed for fruits and vegetables separately. Reductions in risk were observed up to 800 g/day for all outcomes except cancer (600 g/day). Inverse associations were observed between the intake of apples and pears, citrus fruits, green leafy vegetables, cruciferous vegetables, and salads and cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality, and between the intake of green-yellow vegetables and cruciferous vegetables and total cancer risk. An estimated 5.6 and 7.8 million premature deaths worldwide in 2013 may be attributable to a fruit and vegetable intake below 500 and 800 g/day, respectively, if the observed associations are causal. Conclusions Fruit and vegetable intakes were associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular disease, cancer and all-cause mortality. These results support public health recommendations to increase fruit and vegetable intake for the prevention of cardiovascular disease, cancer, and premature mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagfinn Aune
- Department of Public Health and General Practice, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Bjørknes University College, Oslo, Norway
| | - Edward Giovannucci
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paolo Boffetta
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lars T Fadnes
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care & Department of Clinical Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - NaNa Keum
- Department of Epidemiology
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Teresa Norat
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Elio Riboli
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Lars J Vatten
- Department of Public Health and General Practice, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Serena Tonstad
- Department of Preventive Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
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Zhan J, Liu YJ, Cai LB, Xu FR, Xie T, He QQ. Fruit and vegetable consumption and risk of cardiovascular disease: A meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 57:1650-1663. [PMID: 26114864 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2015.1008980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
A meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies was conducted to examine the relation between fruit and vegetables (FV) consumption and the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). We searched PubMed and EMBASE up to June 2014 for relevant studies. Pooled relative risks (RRs) were calculated and dose-response relationship was assessed. Thirty-eight studies, consisting of 47 independent cohorts, were eligible in this meta-analysis. There were 1,498,909 participants (44,013 CVD events) with a median follow-up of 10.5 years. The pooled RR (95% confidence interval) of CVD for the highest versus lowest category was 0.83 (0.79-0.86) for FV consumption, 0.84 (0.79-0.88) for fruit consumption, and 0.87 (0.83-0.91) for vegetable consumption, respectively. Dose-response analysis showed that those eating 800 g per day of FV consumption had the lowest risk of CVD. Our results indicate that increased FV intake is inversely associated with the risk of CVD. This meta-analysis provides strong support for the current recommendations to consume a high amount of FV to reduce CVD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhan
- a School of Public Health, Wuhan University , Wuhan , P. R. China.,b Department of Infection Control , Macheng People's Hospital , Macheng , Hubei , P. R. China
| | - Yu-Jian Liu
- a School of Public Health, Wuhan University , Wuhan , P. R. China
| | - Long-Biao Cai
- a School of Public Health, Wuhan University , Wuhan , P. R. China
| | - Fang-Rong Xu
- a School of Public Health, Wuhan University , Wuhan , P. R. China
| | - Tao Xie
- a School of Public Health, Wuhan University , Wuhan , P. R. China
| | - Qi-Qiang He
- a School of Public Health, Wuhan University , Wuhan , P. R. China.,c Global Health Institute, Wuhan University , Wuhan , P. R. China
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18
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Abstract
Diet is likely to be an important determinant of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. In this article, we will review the evidence linking the consumption of fruit and vegetables and CVD risk. The initial evidence that fruit and vegetable consumption has a protective effect against CVD came from observational studies. However, uncertainty remains about the magnitude of the benefit of fruit and vegetable intake on the occurrence of CVD and whether the optimal intake is five portions or greater. Results from randomized controlled trials do not show conclusively that fruit and vegetable intake protects against CVD, in part because the dietary interventions have been of limited intensity to enable optimal analysis of their putative effects. The protective mechanisms of fruit and vegetables may not only include some of the known bioactive nutrient effects dependent on their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and electrolyte properties, but also include their functional properties, such as low glycemic load and energy density. Taken together, the totality of the evidence accumulated so far does appear to support the notion that increased intake of fruits and vegetables may reduce cardiovascular risk. It is clear that fruit and vegetables should be eaten as part of a balanced diet, as a source of vitamins, fiber, minerals, and phytochemicals. The evidence now suggests that a complicated set of several nutrients may interact with genetic factors to influence CVD risk. Therefore, it may be more important to focus on whole foods and dietary patterns rather than individual nutrients to successfully impact on CVD risk reduction. A clearer understanding of the relationship between fruit and vegetable intake and cardiovascular risk would provide health professionals with significant information in terms of public health and clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman M Alissa
- a Faculty of Medicine, King Abdul Aziz University , Jeddah , Saudi Arabia
| | - Gordon A Ferns
- b Medical Education and Metabolic Medicine, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Brighton , Brighton , United Kingdom
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Lee SE, Park HR, Yun HD, Cho JJ, Ahn HJ, Park CS, Park YS. Integrated miRNA and mRNA expression profiling in response to eriodictyol in human endothelial cells. BIOCHIP JOURNAL 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s13206-017-1303-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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20
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A systematic review of methods to assess intake of fruits and vegetables among healthy European adults and children: a DEDIPAC (DEterminants of DIet and Physical Activity) study. Public Health Nutr 2016; 20:417-448. [DOI: 10.1017/s1368980016002366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
AbstractObjectiveEvidence suggests that health benefits are associated with consuming recommended amounts of fruits and vegetables (F&V), yet standardised assessment methods to measure F&V intake are lacking. The current review aims to identify methods to assess F&V intake among children and adults in pan-European studies and inform the development of the DEDIPAC (DEterminants of DIet and Physical Activity) toolbox of methods suitable for use in future European studies.DesignA literature search was conducted using three electronic databases and by hand-searching reference lists. English-language studies of any design which assessed F&V intake were included in the review.SettingStudies involving two or more European countries were included in the review.SubjectsHealthy, free-living children or adults.ResultsThe review identified fifty-one pan-European studies which assessed F&V intake. The FFQ was the most commonly used (n42), followed by 24 h recall (n11) and diet records/diet history (n7). Differences existed between the identified methods; for example, the number of F&V items on the FFQ and whether potatoes/legumes were classified as vegetables. In total, eight validated instruments were identified which assessed F&V intake among adults, adolescents or children.ConclusionsThe current review indicates that an agreed classification of F&V is needed in order to standardise intake data more effectively between European countries. Validated methods used in pan-European populations encompassing a range of European regions were identified. These methods should be considered for use by future studies focused on evaluating intake of F&V.
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Ferreira EDO, Fernandes MYSD, Lima NMRD, Neves KRT, Carmo MRSD, Lima FAV, Fonteles AA, Menezes APF, Andrade GMD. Neuroinflammatory response to experimental stroke is inhibited by eriodictyol. Behav Brain Res 2016; 312:321-32. [PMID: 27353856 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2016.06.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerebral ischemia is a common disease and one of the most common causes of death and disability worldwide. The lack of glucose and oxygen in neuronal tissue leads to a series of inflammatory events, culminating in neuronal death. Eriodictyol is a flavonoid isolated from the Chinese herb Dracocephalum rupestre that has been proven to have anti-inflammatory properties. HYPOTHESIS/PURPOSE Thus, the present study was designed to explore whether eriodictyol has neuroprotective effects against the neuronal damage, motor and memory deficits induced by permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO) in mice. STUDY DESIGN Animals were orally treated with eriodictyol (1, 2 and 4mg/kg) or vehicle (saline) 30min before pMCAO, 2h after, and then once daily for the following five days. METHODS The parameters studied were neuronal viability, brain infarcted area; sensorimotor deficits; exploratory activity; working and aversive memory; myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity; TNFα, iNOS and GFAP immunoreactivity. RESULTS The treatment with eriodictyol prevented neuronal death, reduced infarct area and improved neurological and memory deficits induced by brain ischemia. The increase of MPO activity and TNF-α, iNOS and GFAP expression were also reduced by eriodictyol treatment. CONCLUSION These findings demonstrate that eriodictyol exhibit promising neuroprotection effects against the permanent focal ischemia cerebral injury in the mice experimental model and the underlying mechanisms might be mediated through inhibition of neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emerson de Oliveira Ferreira
- Post-Graduate Programme in Medical Sciences, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Brazil.
| | - Mara Yone Soares Dias Fernandes
- Post-Graduate Programme in Pharmacology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Brazil.
| | - Neila Maria Rocha de Lima
- Post-Graduate Programme in Medical Sciences, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Brazil.
| | - Kelly Rose Tavares Neves
- Post-Graduate Programme in Pharmacology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Brazil.
| | - Marta Regina Santos do Carmo
- Post-Graduate Programme in Pharmacology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Brazil.
| | - Francisco Arnaldo Viana Lima
- Post-Graduate Programme in Pharmacology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Brazil.
| | - Analu Aragão Fonteles
- Post-Graduate Programme in Pharmacology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Brazil.
| | - Ana Paula Fontenele Menezes
- Post-Graduate Programme in Medical Sciences, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Brazil.
| | - Geanne Matos de Andrade
- Post-Graduate Programme in Medical Sciences, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Brazil; Post-Graduate Programme in Pharmacology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Brazil; Institute of Biomedicine of Brazilian Semi-arid, Brazil.
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Abstract
Extensive research has related the consumption of persimmon with the reduced risk of various diseases and particularly highlighted the presence of bioactive phenolic compounds for their therapeutic properties. Major phenolic compounds present in persimmon are ferulic acid,p-coumaric acid, and gallic acid.β-Cryptoxanthin, lycopene,β-carotene, zeaxanthin, and lutein are important carotenoids having antioxidant potential. They are important to prevent oxidation of low-density lipoproteins, safeguard beta cells of the pancreas, and reduce cardiovascular diseases, cancer, diabetes mellitus, and damage caused by chronic alcohol consumption. In this paper, the chemistry and health benefits of bioactive compounds present in persimmon are reviewed to encourage impending applications and to facilitate further research activities.
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Constans J, Bennetau-Pelissero C, Martin JF, Rock E, Mazur A, Bedel A, Morand C, Bérard AM. Marked antioxidant effect of orange juice intake and its phytomicronutrients in a preliminary randomized cross-over trial on mild hypercholesterolemic men. Clin Nutr 2015; 34:1093-100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2014.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Revised: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Zhang N, Yang Z, Yuan Y, Li F, Liu Y, Ma Z, Liao H, Bian Z, Zhang Y, Zhou H, Deng W, Zhou M, Tang Q. Naringenin attenuates pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy. Exp Ther Med 2015; 10:2206-2212. [PMID: 26668617 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2015.2816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac hypertrophy is characterized by abnormal enlargement of cardiomyocytes and disproportionate accumulation of extracellular interstitial fibrosis, which are major predictors of the development of coronary artery disease and heart failure. Naringenin is a bitter principle component of grapefruit that has numerous pharmacological effects, including anti-inflammatory, hypolipidemic, antithrombotic and antiatherogenic properties. In order to investigate whether naringenin is able to exert a protective effect against cardiac hypertrophy induced by pressure overload, aortic banding (AB) was performed to induce cardiac hypertrophy in mice, and naringenin was administered for 7 weeks. A total of 60 mice were allocated into four groups: Sham + vehicle, AB + vehicle, sham + naringenin and AB + naringenin. Naringenin treatment attenuated cardiac dysfunction, as indicated by the results of echocardiography and catheter-based measurements at 8 weeks post-surgery. The extent of cardiac hypertrophy was assessed by the heart weight/body weight, heart weight/tibial length and lung weight/body weight ratios, in addition to the cardiomyocyte cross-sectional area and the mRNA expression levels of hypertrophic maker, all of which were mitigated by naringenin administration. Naringenin also inhibited the expression of transforming growth factor-β1, connective tissue growth factor, collagen Iα and collagen IIIα, and attenuated interstitial fibrosis. In addition, naringenin downregulated the activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) signaling pathways. In conclusion, naringenin attenuated cardiac hypertrophy and interstitial fibrosis, in addition to improving left ventricular function in pressure-overloaded mice. The cardioprotective effect exerted by naringenin may be associated with the inhibition of PI3K/Akt, ERK and JNK signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China ; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Zheng Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China ; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China ; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Fangfang Li
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China ; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China ; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Zhenguo Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China ; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Haihan Liao
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China ; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Zhouyan Bian
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China ; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China ; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Heng Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China ; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Wei Deng
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China ; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Mengqiao Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China ; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Qizhu Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China ; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
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Alharbi MH, Lamport DJ, Dodd GF, Saunders C, Harkness L, Butler LT, Spencer JPE. Flavonoid-rich orange juice is associated with acute improvements in cognitive function in healthy middle-aged males. Eur J Nutr 2015; 55:2021-9. [PMID: 26280945 PMCID: PMC5009163 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-015-1016-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
Epidemiological evidence suggests that chronic consumption of fruit-based flavonoids is associated with cognitive benefits; however, the acute effects of flavonoid-rich (FR) drinks on cognitive function in the immediate postprandial period require examination. The objective was to investigate whether consumption of FR orange juice is associated with acute cognitive benefits over 6 h in healthy middle-aged adults. Methods Males aged 30–65 consumed a 240-ml FR orange juice (272 mg) and a calorie-matched placebo in a randomized, double-blind, counterbalanced order on 2 days separated by a 2-week washout. Cognitive function and subjective mood were assessed at baseline (prior to drink consumption) and 2 and 6 h post consumption. The cognitive battery included eight individual cognitive tests. A standardized breakfast was consumed prior to the baseline measures, and a standardized lunch was consumed 3 h post-drink consumption. Results Change from baseline analysis revealed that performance on tests of executive function and psychomotor speed was significantly better following the FR drink compared to the placebo. The effects of objective cognitive function were supported by significant benefits for subjective alertness following the FR drink relative to the placebo. Conclusions These data demonstrate that consumption of FR orange juice can acutely enhance objective and subjective cognition over the course of 6 h in healthy middle-aged adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mudi H Alharbi
- Molecular Nutrition Group, School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AP, UK
| | - Daniel J Lamport
- School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AL, UK.
| | - Georgina F Dodd
- School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AL, UK
| | | | | | - Laurie T Butler
- School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AL, UK
| | - Jeremy P E Spencer
- Molecular Nutrition Group, School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AP, UK
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26
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Integrative analysis of miRNA and mRNA profiles in response to myricetin in human endothelial cells. BIOCHIP JOURNAL 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13206-015-9309-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Goszcz K, Deakin SJ, Duthie GG, Stewart D, Leslie SJ, Megson IL. Antioxidants in Cardiovascular Therapy: Panacea or False Hope? Front Cardiovasc Med 2015; 2:29. [PMID: 26664900 PMCID: PMC4671344 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2015.00029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a key feature of the atherothrombotic process involved in the etiology of heart attacks, ischemic strokes, and peripheral arterial disease. It stands to reason that antioxidants represent a credible therapeutic option to prevent disease progression and thereby improve outcome, but despite positive findings from in vitro studies, clinical trials have failed to consistently show benefit. The aim of this review is to re-appraise the concept of antioxidants in the prevention and management of cardiovascular disease. In particular, the review will explore the reasons behind failed antioxidant strategies with vitamin supplements and will evaluate how flavonoids might improve cardiovascular function despite bioavailability that is not sufficiently high to directly influence antioxidant capacity. As well as reaching conclusions relating to those antioxidant strategies that might hold merit, the major myths, limitations, and pitfalls associated with this research field are explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Goszcz
- Department of Diabetes and Cardiovascular Science, Centre for Health Science, University of the Highlands and Islands , Inverness , UK ; James Hutton Institute , Dundee , UK
| | - Sherine J Deakin
- Department of Diabetes and Cardiovascular Science, Centre for Health Science, University of the Highlands and Islands , Inverness , UK
| | - Garry G Duthie
- Rowett Institute of Health and Nutrition , Aberdeen , UK
| | - Derek Stewart
- James Hutton Institute , Dundee , UK ; School of Life Sciences, Heriot Watt University , Edinburgh , UK
| | - Stephen J Leslie
- Department of Diabetes and Cardiovascular Science, Centre for Health Science, University of the Highlands and Islands , Inverness , UK ; Cardiology Unit, Raigmore Hospital , Inverness , UK
| | - Ian L Megson
- Department of Diabetes and Cardiovascular Science, Centre for Health Science, University of the Highlands and Islands , Inverness , UK
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28
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Fruit intake and cardiovascular disease mortality in the UK Women’s Cohort Study. Eur J Epidemiol 2015; 30:1035-48. [DOI: 10.1007/s10654-015-0050-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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29
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Fruit and vegetable consumption and hypertriglyceridemia: Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (KNHANES) 2007–2009. Eur J Clin Nutr 2015; 69:1193-9. [DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2015.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2014] [Revised: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Aasheim ET, Sharp SJ, Appleby PN, Shipley MJ, Lentjes MAH, Khaw KT, Brunner E, Key TJ, Wareham NJ. Tinned fruit consumption and mortality in three prospective cohorts. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0117796. [PMID: 25714554 PMCID: PMC4340615 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 01/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary recommendations to promote health include fresh, frozen and tinned fruit, but few studies have examined the health benefits of tinned fruit. We therefore studied the association between tinned fruit consumption and mortality. We followed up participants from three prospective cohorts in the United Kingdom: 22,421 participants from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-Norfolk cohort (1993-2012), 52,625 participants from the EPIC-Oxford cohort (1993-2012), and 7440 participants from the Whitehall II cohort (1991-2012), all reporting no history of heart attack, stroke, or cancer when entering these studies. We estimated the association between frequency of tinned fruit consumption and all cause mortality (primary outcome measure) using Cox regression models within each cohort, and pooled hazard ratios across cohorts using random-effects meta-analysis. Tinned fruit consumption was assessed with validated food frequency questionnaires including specific questions about tinned fruit. During 1,305,330 person years of follow-up, 8857 deaths occurred. After adjustment for lifestyle factors and risk markers the pooled hazard ratios (95% confidence interval) of all cause mortality compared with the reference group of tinned fruit consumption less often than one serving per month were: 1.05 (0.99, 1.12) for one to three servings per month, 1.10 (1.03, 1.18) for one serving per week, and 1.13 (1.04, 1.23) for two or more servings per week. Analysis of cause-specific mortality showed that tinned fruit consumption was associated with mortality from cardiovascular causes and from non-cardiovascular, non-cancer causes. In a pooled analysis of three prospective cohorts from the United Kingdom self-reported tinned fruit consumption in the 1990s was weakly but positively associated with mortality during long-term follow-up. These findings raise questions about the evidence underlying dietary recommendations to promote tinned fruit consumption as part of a healthy diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erlend T. Aasheim
- Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen J. Sharp
- Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Paul N. Appleby
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Martin J. Shipley
- University College London, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marleen A. H. Lentjes
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Kay-Tee Khaw
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Eric Brunner
- University College London, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tim J. Key
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas J. Wareham
- Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Molecular mechanisms behind the biological effects of hesperidin and hesperetin for the prevention of cancer and cardiovascular diseases. Life Sci 2015; 124:64-74. [PMID: 25625242 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2014.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2014] [Revised: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Hesperidin (Hsd) and its aglycone, hesperetin (Hst), are two flavonoids from citrus species that have various biological properties, particularly those for the prevention of cancer and cardiovascular diseases. Studies have shown both anti-cancer and cancer chemopreventive effects for Hsd and Hst. Cancer chemopreventive properties of Hsd and Hst are mainly associated with their antioxidant, radical scavenging and anti-inflammatory activities. In addition, Hsd and Hst interfere at different stages of cancer. Unlike conventional anti-cancer drugs, Hsd and Hst inhibit tumor growth by targeting multiple cellular protein targets at the same time, including caspases, Bcl-2 (B-cell lymphoma 2) and Bax (Bcl-2 associated X protein) for the induction of apoptosis, and COX-2 (cyclooxygenase-2), MMP-2 (matrix metalloproteinase-2) and MMP-9 for the inhibition of angiogenesis and metastasis. The results of the recent basic and clinical studies revealed the beneficial effects for Hst, Hsd and their derivatives in the treatment of heart failure and cardiac remodeling, myocardial ischemia and infarction, and hypertension. In addition, the valuable effects of Hst and Hsd in the treatment of diabetes and dyslipidemia with their anti-platelet and anticoagulant effects make them good candidates in the treatment of various cardiovascular diseases. In this review, new findings regarding the molecular targets of Hsd and Hst, animal studies and clinical trials are discussed.
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El-Bassossy HM, Hassan NA, Mahmoud MF, Fahmy A. Baicalein protects against hypertension associated with diabetes: effect on vascular reactivity and stiffness. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 21:1742-1745. [PMID: 25442285 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2014.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2014] [Revised: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/24/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The present work investigated the possible protective effect of baicalein, a natural lipoxygenase enzyme inhibitor, on both insulin deficiency (ID) and insulin resistance (IR)-induced macro-vascular impairment. ID and IR were induced by STZ or fructose for 8 or 12 weeks respectively while baicalein was administered in the last six weeks. Blood pressure (BP) was recorded and isolated aorta reactivity to phenylephrine (PE) and acetylcholine (ACh) were studied. Blood levels of glucose, insulin, advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were determined. Aortic nuclear transcription factor-κB (NF-κB) activation was assessed. Both models resulted in elevated BP, increased vasoconstriction and impaired relaxation KCl, elevated TNF-α and AGEs, NF-κB activation, marked infiltration of leukocytes in the adventitia, pyknosis of endothelial cells and marked collagen deposition. Baicalein ameliorated elevations in BP in models, prevented exaggerated vasoconstriction IR model and improved relaxation in ID model. Baicalein reduced AGEs and TNF-α level, decreased NF-κB activation and inhibited histopathological changes in both models. Baicalein offsets the hypertensive and the vascular impairment associated with both diabetic models via ameliorating functional and structural derangements of blood vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hany M El-Bassossy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
| | - Noura Ahmed Hassan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mona Fouad Mahmoud
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Fahmy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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Lee E, Jeong KW, Shin A, Jin B, Jnawali HN, Jun BH, Lee JY, Heo YS, Kim Y. Binding model for eriodictyol to Jun-N terminal kinase and its anti-inflammatory signaling pathway. BMB Rep 2014; 46:594-9. [PMID: 24195792 PMCID: PMC4133860 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2013.46.12.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2013] [Revised: 05/09/2013] [Accepted: 05/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The anti-inflammatory activity of eriodictyol and its mode of action were investigated. Eriodictyol suppressed tumor necrosis factor (mTNF)-α, inducible nitric oxide synthase (miNOS), interleukin (mIL)-6, macrophage inflammatory protein (mMIP)-1, and mMIP-2 cytokine release in LPS-stimulated macrophages. We found that the anti-inflammatory cascade of eriodictyol is mediated through the Toll-like Receptor (TLR)4/CD14, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), extracellular-signalregulated kinase (ERK), Jun-N terminal kinase (JNK), and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 pathway. Fluorescence quenching and saturation-transfer difference (STD) NMR experiments showed that eriodictyol exhibits good binding affinity to JNK, 8.79 × 105 M-1. Based on a docking study, we propose a model of eriodictyol and JNK binding, in which eriodictyol forms 3 hydrogen bonds with the side chains of Lys55, Met111, and Asp169 in JNK, and in which the hydroxyl groups of the B ring play key roles in binding interactions with JNK. Therefore, eriodictyol may be a potent anti-inflammatory inhibitor of JNK. [BMB Reports 2013; 46(12): 594-599]
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yangmee Kim
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Bio-Molecular Informatics Center, Institute of KU Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea
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Murphy MM, Barraj LM, Rampersaud GC. Consumption of grapefruit is associated with higher nutrient intakes and diet quality among adults, and more favorable anthropometrics in women, NHANES 2003-2008. Food Nutr Res 2014; 58:22179. [PMID: 25006335 PMCID: PMC4016745 DOI: 10.3402/fnr.v58.22179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Revised: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary guidance recommends consumption of a nutrient-dense diet containing a variety of fruits. The purpose of this study was to estimate usual nutrient intakes and adequacy of nutrient intakes among adult grapefruit consumers and non-consumers, and to examine associations between grapefruit consumption and select health parameters. METHODS The analysis was conducted with data collected in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003-2008. Respondents reporting consumption of any amount of grapefruit or 100% grapefruit juice at least once during the 2 days of dietary recall were classified as grapefruit consumers. RESULTS Among adults aged 19+ years with 2 days of dietary recall (n=12,789), 2.5% of males and 2.7% of females reported consumption of 100% grapefruit juice or fresh, canned, or frozen grapefruit during the recalls. Grapefruit consumers were less likely to have usual intakes of vitamin C (males: 0% vs. 47%; females: 0% vs. 43%; P<0.001) and magnesium (P<0.05) below the estimated average requirement (EAR) compared to non-consumers, and they were more likely to meet adequate intake levels for dietary fiber (P<0.05). Potassium and β-carotene intakes were significantly higher among grapefruit consumers (P<0.001). Diet quality as assessed by the Healthy Eating Index-2005 (HEI-2005) was higher in grapefruit consumers (males: 66.2 [95% CI: 61.0-71.5] vs. 55.4 [95% CI: 54.4-56.4]; females: 71.4 [95% CI: 65.1-77.6] vs. 61.2 [95% CI: 59.8-62.6]). Among women, grapefruit consumption was associated with lower body weight, waist circumference, body mass index (BMI), triglycerides, C-reactive protein (CRP), and higher high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (P<0.05), However, risk of being overweight/obese was not associated with grapefruit consumption. CONCLUSION Consumption of grapefruit was associated with higher intakes of vitamin C, magnesium, potassium, dietary fiber, and improved diet quality. Grapefruit may provide a healthful option for adults striving to meet fruit recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary M. Murphy
- Exponent, Inc., Center for Chemical Regulation & Food Safety, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Leila M. Barraj
- Exponent, Inc., Center for Chemical Regulation & Food Safety, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Gail C. Rampersaud
- University of Florida, Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Foroudi S, Potter AS, Stamatikos A, Patil BS, Deyhim F. Drinking Orange Juice Increases Total Antioxidant Status and Decreases Lipid Peroxidation in Adults. J Med Food 2014; 17:612-7. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2013.0034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shahrzad Foroudi
- Department of Human Sciences, Texas A&M University–Kingsville, Kingsville, Texas, USA
| | - Andrew S. Potter
- Department of Human Sciences, Texas A&M University–Kingsville, Kingsville, Texas, USA
| | - Alexis Stamatikos
- Department of Human Sciences, Texas A&M University–Kingsville, Kingsville, Texas, USA
| | - Bhimanagouda S. Patil
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Vegetable and Fruit Improvement Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Farzad Deyhim
- Department of Human Sciences, Texas A&M University–Kingsville, Kingsville, Texas, USA
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Vegetable and Fruit Improvement Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
- Citrus Center, Texas A&M University–Kingsville, Weslaco, Texas, USA
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Cocoa polyphenols and inflammatory markers of cardiovascular disease. Nutrients 2014; 6:844-80. [PMID: 24566441 PMCID: PMC3942736 DOI: 10.3390/nu6020844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2013] [Revised: 12/30/2013] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have demonstrated the beneficial effect of plant-derived food intake in reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The potential bioactivity of cocoa and its polyphenolic components in modulating cardiovascular health is now being studied worldwide and continues to grow at a rapid pace. In fact, the high polyphenol content of cocoa is of particular interest from the nutritional and pharmacological viewpoints. Cocoa polyphenols are shown to possess a range of cardiovascular-protective properties, and can play a meaningful role through modulating different inflammatory markers involved in atherosclerosis. Accumulated evidence on related anti-inflammatory effects of cocoa polyphenols is summarized in the present review.
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Yu D, Zhang X, Gao YT, Li H, Yang G, Huang J, Zheng W, Xiang YB, Shu XO. Fruit and vegetable intake and risk of CHD: results from prospective cohort studies of Chinese adults in Shanghai. Br J Nutr 2014; 111:353-62. [PMID: 23866068 PMCID: PMC3947047 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114513002328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The protective effects of fruits and vegetables against CHD have been suggested by many epidemiological studies among Western populations. However, prospective data are lacking for Asian populations. In the present study, we examined the associations of fruit and vegetable intake with CHD incidence among 67 211 women (aged 40-70 years) and 55 474 men (aged 40-74 years) living in Shanghai, China. Food intake was assessed using validated FFQ through in-person interviews. Coronary events (non-fatal myocardial infarction or fatal CHD) were identified by biennial home visits and further confirmed by medical record review. During a mean follow-up period of 9·8 and 5·4 years, 148 events in women and 217 events in men were documented and verified. After adjustment for potential confounders, women in the highest quartile of total fruit and vegetable intake (median 814 g/d) had a hazard ratio (HR) of 0·62 (95 % CI 0·38, 1·02) for CHD (P for trend = 0·04) compared with those in the lowest quartile (median 274 g/d). This association was primarily driven by fruits (HR for the highest v. the lowest intake in women: 0·62, 95 % CI 0·37, 1·03). The strength of the association was attenuated after further controlling for history of diabetes or hypertension. For men, no significant association was found for fruit and vegetable intake when analysed either in combination or individually. The present findings suggest that a high consumption of fruits may reduce CHD risk in Chinese women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danxia Yu
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 2525 West End Avenue, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Xianglan Zhang
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 2525 West End Avenue, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Yu-Tang Gao
- Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, 2200 Xie Tu Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Honglan Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, 2200 Xie Tu Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Gong Yang
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 2525 West End Avenue, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jie Huang
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 2525 West End Avenue, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 2525 West End Avenue, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Yong-Bing Xiang
- Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, 2200 Xie Tu Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Ou Shu
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 2525 West End Avenue, Nashville, TN, USA
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Sources of vegetables, fruits and vitamins A, C and E among five ethnic groups: results from a multiethnic cohort study. Eur J Clin Nutr 2014; 68:384-91. [PMID: 24398639 DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2013.271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2012] [Revised: 08/09/2013] [Accepted: 10/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Data are limited on how dietary sources of food and nutrients differ among ethnic groups. The objective of this study was to determine the main sources of fruit, vegetables and vitamins A, C and E for five ethnic groups. SUBJECTS/METHODS Dietary data were collected using a validated quantitative food frequency questionnaire from participants in a multiethnic cohort in Hawaii and Los Angeles county between 1993 and 1996. Data were analyzed for 186,916 participants representing five ethnic groups: African-Americans, Japanese-Americans, native Hawaiians, Latinos and Caucasians. RESULTS Lettuce was the most consumed vegetable (6.0-9.9%) in all ethnic-sex groups, except among African-American women and Mexican-born Latino men and women. Oranges and bananas contributed more than one-quarter to total fruit intake among all groups. Overall, more ethnic variation in food choices was observed for the top 10 vegetables than for fruits. The top sources of vitamins A, C and E were carrots, orange/grapefruit/pomelo and combined dishes, respectively. Among the micronutrients studied, the greatest ethnic variation in foods consumed was observed for the top 10 food sources of vitamin A. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study providing data on the main types of fruit and vegetables consumed and the major sources of vitamins A, C and E among these ethnic groups in the U.S. Such data are valuable for developing and implementing public health strategies to meet the USDA dietary recommendations and for guiding ethnicity-specific nutrition education and intervention programs.
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Lee SE, Park YS. Gene expression profiling of human umbilical vein endothelial cells exposed to myricetin. BIOCHIP JOURNAL 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s13206-013-7404-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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40
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Dow CA, Wertheim BC, Patil BS, Thomson CA. Daily consumption of grapefruit for 6 weeks reduces urine F2-isoprostanes in overweight adults with high baseline values but has no effect on plasma high-sensitivity C-reactive protein or soluble vascular cellular adhesion molecule 1. J Nutr 2013; 143:1586-92. [PMID: 23902962 PMCID: PMC3984491 DOI: 10.3945/jn.113.175166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Individuals with obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS) are at increased risk of cardiovascular disease, in part due to heightened inflammatory/oxidative processes. Results from epidemiologic and experimental studies suggest that citrus, and grapefruit in particular, may have a role in promoting vascular health, although clinical trial data are lacking. Here, we evaluated the anti-inflammatory/antioxidant effects of habitual grapefruit consumption in 69 overweight/obese men and women and in a subsample of participants with MetS (n = 29). Participants were randomly assigned to either a grapefruit group in which they consumed a low bioactive diet plus 1.5 grapefruit/d for 6 wk (n = 37, n = 14 with MetS) or to a control condition in which a low bioactive diet devoid of citrus was consumed (n = 32, n = 15 with MetS). Plasma soluble vascular adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1), plasma high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), and urinary F2-isoprostanes were evaluated before and after the intervention phase. F2-isoprostane concentrations were not different in the grapefruit versus control arm after the intervention (12.4 ± 6.4 vs. 15.9 ± 9.0 ng/mg creatinine, P = 0.16), whereas plasma hsCRP concentrations tended to be lower in the grapefruit versus control arm postintervention (2.1 ± 1.5 vs. 2.8 ± 2.0 mg/L, P = 0.09). In adults with MetS, grapefruit consumption tended to result in lower postintervention F2-isoprostane concentrations compared with the control condition (12.0 ± 4.5 vs. 18.3 ± 10.9 ng/mg creatinine, P = 0.06). Furthermore, those with high baseline F2-isoprostane concentrations experienced significant reductions in this biomarker in response to grapefruit consumption (P = 0.021). Change in sVCAM-1 concentrations did not vary by treatment arm nor were there differences between arms postintervention. These results suggest that intake of grapefruit twice daily for 6 wk does not significantly reduce inflammation and oxidative stress, although there is a suggestion of favorable modulation of oxidative stress in overweight and obese adults with MetS or those with high baseline urine F2-isoprostane concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin A. Dow
- Department of Nutritional Sciences,Vegetable and Fruit Improvement Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX,To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
| | | | | | - Cynthia A. Thomson
- Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ; and,Vegetable and Fruit Improvement Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
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Munir KM, Chandrasekaran S, Gao F, Quon MJ. Mechanisms for food polyphenols to ameliorate insulin resistance and endothelial dysfunction: therapeutic implications for diabetes and its cardiovascular complications. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2013; 305:E679-86. [PMID: 23900418 PMCID: PMC4073986 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00377.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The rising epidemic of diabetes is a pressing issue in clinical medicine worldwide from both healthcare and economic perspectives. This is fueled by overwhelming increases in the incidence and prevalence of obesity. Obesity and diabetes are characterized by both insulin resistance and endothelial dysfunction that lead to substantial increases in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Reciprocal relationships between insulin resistance and endothelial dysfunction tightly link metabolic diseases including obesity and diabetes with their cardiovascular complications. Therefore, therapeutic approaches that target either insulin resistance or endothelial dysfunction alone are likely to simultaneously improve both metabolic and cardiovascular pathophysiology and disease outcomes. Moreover, combination therapies with agents targeting distinct mechanisms are likely to have additive or synergistic benefits. Conventional therapies for diabetes and its cardiovascular complications that are both safe and effective are insufficient to meet rising demand. Large, robust, epidemiologic studies demonstrate beneficial metabolic and cardiovascular health effects for many functional foods containing various polyphenols. However, precise molecular mechanisms of action for food polyphenols are largely unknown. Moreover, translation of these insights into effective clinical therapies has not been fully realized. Nevertheless, some functional foods are likely sources for safe and effective therapies and preventative strategies for metabolic diseases and their cardiovascular complications. In this review, we emphasize recent progress in elucidating molecular, cellular, and physiological actions of polyphenols from green tea (EGCG), cocoa (ECG), and citrus fruits (hesperedin) that are related to improving metabolic and cardiovascular pathophysiology. We also discuss a rigorous comprehensive approach to studying functional foods that is essential for developing novel, effective, and safe medications derived from functional foods that will complement existing conventional drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kashif M Munir
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; and
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Napoleone E, Cutrone A, Zurlo F, Di Castelnuovo A, D’Imperio M, Giordano L, De Curtis A, Iacoviello L, Rotilio D, Cerletti C, de Gaetano G, Donati MB, Lorenzet R. Both red and blond orange juice intake decreases the procoagulant activity of whole blood in healthy volunteers. Thromb Res 2013; 132:288-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2013.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Revised: 06/16/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Testai L, Martelli A, Marino A, D'Antongiovanni V, Ciregia F, Giusti L, Lucacchini A, Chericoni S, Breschi MC, Calderone V. The activation of mitochondrial BK potassium channels contributes to the protective effects of naringenin against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. Biochem Pharmacol 2013; 85:1634-43. [PMID: 23567997 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2013.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2013] [Revised: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 03/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Naringenin (NAR), flavonoid abundant in the genus Citrus, has been reported to interact with the large-conductance calcium-activated potassium channels (BK). Since activators of BK channels expressed in cardiac mitochondria trigger protective effects in several models of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R), this work aimed to evaluate the potential cardioprotective effects of NAR and the involvement of mitochondrial BK channels. In an in vivo model of acute infarct in rats, NAR (100mg/kg i.p.) significantly reduced the heart injury induced by I/R. This effect was antagonized by the selective BK-blocker paxilline (PAX). The cardioprotective dose of NAR did not cause significant effects on the blood pressure. In Largendorff-perfused rat hearts submitted to ischemia/reperfusion, NAR improved the post-ischemic functional parameters (left ventricle developed pressure and dP/dt) with lower extension of myocardial injury. On isolated rat cardiac mitochondria, NAR caused a concentration-dependent depolarization of mitochondrial membrane and caused a trans-membrane flow of thallium (potassium-mimetic cation). Both these effects were antagonized by selective blockers of BK channels. Furthermore, NAR half-reduced the calcium accumulation into the matrix of cardiac mitochondria exposed to high calcium concentrations. In conclusion, NAR exerts anti-ischemic effects through a "pharmacological preconditioning" that it is likely to be mediated, at least in part, by the activation of mitochondrial BK channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Testai
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno, 6 I-56126 Pisa, Italy
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Chanet A, Milenkovic D, Manach C, Mazur A, Morand C. Citrus flavanones: what is their role in cardiovascular protection? JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:8809-22. [PMID: 22574825 DOI: 10.1021/jf300669s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Flavanones, including hesperidin and naringin, are polyphenolic compounds highly and almost exclusively present in citrus. Epidemiological studies reported an inverse relationship between their intake and the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Clinical and experimental data further showed their antihypertensive, lipid-lowering, insulin-sensitizing, antioxidative, and anti-inflammatory properties, which could explain their antiatherogenic action in animal models. Although flavanones may be promising compounds that are particularly active in cardiovascular disease prevention, clinical data are still scarce and most in vitro data have been obtained under nonphysiologically relevant conditions. Moreover, the mechanisms responsible for flavanone action are not fully elucidated. Therefore, further research is needed to better evaluate and understand the protective effects of flavanones in cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Chanet
- INRA , UMR 1019, UNH, CRNH Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Poisson T, Dallongeville J, Evans A, Ducimetierre P, Amouyel P, Yarnell J, Bingham A, Kee F, Dauchet L. Fruit and vegetable intake and smoking cessation. Eur J Clin Nutr 2012; 66:1247-53. [DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2012.70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Naringin, the major grapefruit flavonoid, specifically affects atherosclerosis development in diet-induced hypercholesterolemia in mice. J Nutr Biochem 2012; 23:469-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2011.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2010] [Revised: 01/24/2011] [Accepted: 02/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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47
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Woodside JV, Yarnell JWG, Patterson CC, Arveiler D, Amouyel P, Ferrières J, Kee F, Evans A, Bingham A, Ducimetière P. Do lifestyle behaviours explain socioeconomic differences in all-cause mortality, and fatal and non-fatal cardiovascular events? Evidence from middle aged men in France and Northern Ireland in the PRIME Study. Prev Med 2012; 54:247-53. [PMID: 22306980 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2012.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2011] [Revised: 01/19/2012] [Accepted: 01/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the contribution of lifestyle behaviours to the socioeconomic gradient in all-cause mortality, and fatal and non-fatal cardiovascular events. METHOD 10,600 men aged 50-59 years examined in 1991-1994 in Northern Ireland (NI) and France and followed annually for deaths and cardiovascular events for 10 years. Baseline smoking habit, physical activity, and fruit, vegetable, and alcohol consumption were assessed. RESULTS All lifestyle behaviours showed marked socioeconomic gradients for most indicators in NI and France, with the exception of percentage of alcohol consumers in NI and frequency of alcohol consumption in NI and France. At 10 years, there were 544 deaths from any cause and 440 fatal and non-fatal cardiovascular events. After adjustment for country and age, socioeconomic gradients were further adjusted for lifestyle behaviours. For total mortality, the median residual contribution of lifestyle behaviours was 28% and for cardiovascular incidence, 41%. When cardiovascular risk factors were considered in conjunction with lifestyle behaviours these percentages increased to 38% and 67% respectively. CONCLUSION Lifestyle behaviours contribute to the gradient in mortality and cardiovascular incidence between socioeconomic groups, particularly for cardiovascular incidence, but a substantial proportion of these differentials was not explained by lifestyle behaviours and cardiovascular risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- J V Woodside
- Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom.
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Davidi A, Reynolds J, Njike VY, Ma Y, Doughty K, Katz DL. The effect of the addition of daily fruit and nut bars to diet on weight, and cardiac risk profile, in overweight adults. J Hum Nutr Diet 2011; 24:543-51. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-277x.2011.01201.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Bhupathiraju SN, Tucker KL. Coronary heart disease prevention: nutrients, foods, and dietary patterns. Clin Chim Acta 2011; 412:1493-514. [PMID: 21575619 PMCID: PMC5945285 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2011.04.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2011] [Revised: 04/29/2011] [Accepted: 04/30/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Diet is a key modifiable risk factor in the prevention and risk reduction of coronary heart disease (CHD). Results from the Seven Countries Study in the early 1970s spurred an interest in the role of single nutrients such as total fat in CHD risk. With accumulating evidence, we have moved away from a focus on total fat to the importance of considering the quality of fat. Recent meta-analyses of intervention studies confirm the beneficial effects of replacing saturated fat with polyunsaturated fatty acids on CHD risk. Scientific evidence for a detrimental role of trans fat intake from industrial sources on CHD risk has led to important policy changes including listing trans fatty acid content on the "Nutrition Facts" panel and banning the use of trans fatty acids in food service establishments in some cities. The effects of such policy changes on changes in CHD incidence are yet to be evaluated. There has been a surging interest in the protective effects of vitamin D in primary prevention. Yet, its associations with secondary events have been mixed and intervention studies are needed to clarify its role in CHD prevention. Epidemiological and clinical trial evidence surrounding the benefit of B vitamins and antioxidants such as carotenoids, vitamin E, and vitamin C, have been contradictory. While pharmacological supplementation of these vitamins in populations with existing CHD has been ineffective and, in some cases, even detrimental, data repeatedly show that consumption of a healthy dietary pattern has considerable cardioprotective effects for primary prevention. Results from these studies and the general ineffectiveness of nutrient-based interventions have shifted interest to the role of foods in CHD risk reduction. The strongest and most consistent protective associations are seen with fruit and vegetables, fish, and whole grains. Epidemiological and clinical trial data also show risk reduction with moderate alcohol consumption. In the past decade, there has been a paradigm shift in nutritional epidemiology to examine associations between dietary patterns and health. Several epidemiological studies show that people following the Mediterranean style diet or the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet have lower risk of CHD and lower likelihood of developing hypertension. Studies using empirical or data driven dietary patterns have frequently identified two patterns - "Healthy or Prudent" and "Western". In general, the "Healthy", compared to the "Western" pattern has been associated with more favorable biological profiles, slower progression of atherosclerosis, and reduced incidence. Evidence on changes in dietary patterns and changes in CHD risk is still emerging. With the emergence of the concept of personalized nutrition, studies are increasingly considering the role of genetic factors in the modulation of the association between nutrients and CHD. More studies of genetic variation and dietary patterns in relation to CHD are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Katherine L. Tucker
- Department of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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50
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Abstract
The colours of the edible part of fruit and vegetables indicate the presence of specific micronutrients and phytochemicals. The extent to which fruit and vegetable colour groups contribute to CHD protection is unknown. We therefore examined the associations between fruit and vegetables of different colours and their subgroups and 10-year CHD incidence. We used data from a prospective population-based cohort including 20 069 men and women aged 20-65 years who were enrolled between 1993 and 1997. Participants were free of CVD at baseline and completed a validated 178-item FFQ. Hazard ratios (HR) for the association between green, orange/yellow, red/purple, white fruit and vegetables and their subgroups with CHD were calculated using multivariable Cox proportional hazards models. During 10 years of follow-up, 245 incident cases of CHD were documented. For each 25 g/d increase in the intake of the sum of all four colours of fruit and vegetables, a borderline significant association with incident CHD was found (HR 0·98; 95 % CI 0·97, 1·01). No clear associations were found for the colour groups separately. However, each 25 g/d increase in the intake of deep orange fruit and vegetables was inversely associated with CHD (HR 0·74; 95 % CI 0·55, 1·00). Carrots, their largest contributor (60 %), were associated with a 32 % lower risk of CHD (HR 0·68; 95 % CI 0·48, 0·98). In conclusion, though no clear associations were found for the four colour groups with CHD, a higher intake of deep orange fruit and vegetables and especially carrots may protect against CHD.
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