1
|
Kwon SY, Park YJ. Function of NAD metabolism in white adipose tissue: lessons from mouse models. Adipocyte 2024; 13:2313297. [PMID: 38316756 PMCID: PMC10877972 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2024.2313297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD) is an endogenous substance in redox reactions and regulates various functions in metabolism. NAD and its precursors are known for their anti-ageing and anti-obesity properties and are mainly active in the liver and muscle. Boosting NAD+ through supplementation with the precursors, such as nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) or nicotinamide riboside (NR), enhances insulin sensitivity and circadian rhythm in the liver, and improves mitochondrial function in the muscle. Recent evidence has revealed that the adipose tissue could be another direct target of NAD supplementation by attenuating inflammation and fat accumulation. Moreover, murine studies with genetically modified models demonstrated that nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT), a NAD regulatory enzyme that synthesizes NMN, played a critical role in lipogenesis and lipolysis in an adipocyte-specific manner. The tissue-specific effects of NAD+ metabolic pathways indicate a potential of the NAD precursors to control metabolic stress particularly via focusing on adipose tissue. Therefore, this narrative review raises an importance of NAD metabolism in white adipose tissue (WAT) through a variety of studies using different mouse models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- So Young Kwon
- Graduate Program in System Health and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Jung Park
- Graduate Program in System Health and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Baek S, Seo DS, Kang J, Ahmad Y, Park S, Joo S, Kim K, Jang Y. ChREBP plays a pivotal role in the nutrient-mediated regulation of metabolic gene expression in brown adipose tissue. Life Sci 2024; 351:122843. [PMID: 38880168 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Carbohydrate-responsive element-binding protein (ChREBP) is a transcription factor that regulates several metabolic genes, including the lipogenic enzymes necessary for the metabolic conversion of carbohydrates into lipids. Although the crucial role of ChREBP in the liver, the primary site of de novo lipogenesis, has been studied, its functional role in adipose tissues, particularly brown adipose tissue (BAT), remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the role of ChREBP in BAT under conditions of a high-carbohydrate diet (HCD) and ketogenic diet (KD), represented by extremely low carbohydrate intake. MAIN METHODS Using an adeno-associated virus and Cas9 knock-in mice, we rapidly generated Chrebp brown adipocyte-specific knock-out (B-KO) mice, bypassing the necessity for prolonged breeding by using the Cre-Lox system. KEY FINDINGS We demonstrated that ChREBP is essential for glucose metabolism and lipogenic gene expression in BAT under HCD conditions in Chrebp B-KO mice. After nutrient intake, Chrebp B-KO attenuated the KD-induced expression of several inflammatory genes in BAT. SIGNIFICANCE Our results indicated that ChREBP, a nutrient-sensing regulator, is indispensable for expressing a diverse range of metabolic genes in BAT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seungwoo Baek
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Soo Seo
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehyeon Kang
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yusra Ahmad
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungjun Park
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungmin Joo
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon, Republic of Korea
| | - KyeongJin Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Younghoon Jang
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Okumuş EB, Böke ÖB, Turhan SŞ, Doğan A. From development to future prospects: The adipose tissue & adipose tissue organoids. Life Sci 2024; 351:122758. [PMID: 38823504 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Living organisms store their energy in different forms of fats including lipid droplets, triacylglycerols, and steryl esters. In mammals and some non-mammal species, the energy is stored in adipose tissue which is the innervated specialized connective tissue that incorporates a variety of cell types such as macrophages, fibroblasts, pericytes, endothelial cells, adipocytes, blood cells, and several kinds of immune cells. Adipose tissue is so complex that the scope of its function is not only limited to energy storage, it also encompasses to thermogenesis, mechanical support, and immune defense. Since defects and complications in adipose tissue are heavily related to certain chronic diseases such as obesity, cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance, and cholesterol metabolism defects, it is important to further study adipose tissue to enlighten further mechanisms behind those diseases to develop possible therapeutic approaches. Adipose organoids are accepted as very promising tools for studying fat tissue development and its underlying molecular mechanisms, due to their high recapitulation of the adipose tissue in vitro. These organoids can be either derived using stromal vascular fractions or pluripotent stem cells. Due to their great vascularization capacity and previously reported incontrovertible regulatory role in insulin sensitivity and blood glucose levels, adipose organoids hold great potential to become an excellent candidate for the source of stem cell therapy. In this review, adipose tissue types and their corresponding developmental stages and functions, the importance of adipose organoids, and the potential they hold will be discussed in detail.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ezgi Bulut Okumuş
- Faculty of Engineering, Genetics and Bioengineering Department, Yeditepe University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Özüm Begüm Böke
- Faculty of Engineering, Genetics and Bioengineering Department, Yeditepe University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Selinay Şenkal Turhan
- Faculty of Engineering, Genetics and Bioengineering Department, Yeditepe University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayşegül Doğan
- Faculty of Engineering, Genetics and Bioengineering Department, Yeditepe University, İstanbul, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kim HJ, Kwon O. Nutrition and exercise: Cornerstones of health with emphasis on obesity and type 2 diabetes management-A narrative review. Obes Rev 2024; 25:e13762. [PMID: 38715378 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
While a broad consensus exists that integrated nutrition and regular exercise are foundational for health maintenance and serve as a robust non-pharmacological strategy against cardiometabolic diseases, the nuanced interplay between these elements remains incompletely understood. Through multifaceted interactions, these factors profoundly influence primary metabolic organs, notably the skeletal muscle and adipose tissue. Despite the critical nature of this interactivity, a holistic understanding of the combined effects of physical activity and dietary practices is still emerging. This narrative review aims to elucidate the intertwined roles of nutrition and exercise. It provides a comprehensive overview of their synergistic dynamics and emphasizes the importance of a dual-focus approach in mitigating and managing cardiometabolic disorders, predominantly obesity and type 2 diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hye Jin Kim
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Genomics, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center (KMPC), Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Logme Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Oran Kwon
- Logme Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Domingues-Hajj PMDS, Gomes PM, Magalhães PKR, Maciel LMZ. Assessment of Cardiometabolic Risk Factors and Insulin Sensitivity by Hyperinsulinemic-Euglycemic Clamp in Resistance to Thyroid Hormone β Syndrome. Thyroid 2024. [PMID: 38877800 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2024.0132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Background: Resistance to thyroid hormone beta (RTHβ) is a rare disease resulting from mutations in the THRB gene, characterized by reduced T3 action in tissues with high thyroid hormone receptor β expression. Thyroid hormones regulate body composition and metabolism in general, and increased or decreased hormone levels are associated with insulin resistance. This study evaluated the presence of cardiometabolic risk factors and insulin sensitivity in patients with RTHβ. Methods: In all, 16 patients, 8 adults (52.3 ± 16.3 years of age) and 8 children (10.9 ± 3.9 years of age), were compared to 28 control individuals matched for age, sex, and body mass index (BMI). Anthropometry evaluation and blood samples were collected for glycemia, lipids, insulin, interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), leptin, adiponectin, ultrasensitive C-reactive protein (CRPus), free thyroxine, total triiodothyronine, thyrotropin, and anti-thyroid peroxidase measurements. Body composition was assessed using dual-emission X-ray absorptiometry and bioimpedance. Insulin sensitivity was evaluated in adult patients and controls using the hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp (HEC), whereas homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was calculated in all individuals studied. Results: Patients and controls presented similar weight, BMI, abdominal perimeter, and total fat body mass. Patients with RTHβ demonstrated higher total cholesterol (TC), p = 0.04, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), p = 0.03, but no alteration was observed in other parameters associated with metabolic risk, such as leptin, TNF-α, and CRPus. Two adult patients met the criteria for metabolic syndrome. There was no evidence of insulin resistance assessed by HEC or HOMA-IR. Elevated IL-6 levels were observed in patients with RTHβ. Conclusion: Using HEC as the gold standard method, no evidence of reduced insulin sensitivity in skeletal muscle was documented in RTHβ adult patients; however, higher levels of TC and LDL-C were observed in these patients, which suggest the need for active monitoring of this abnormality to minimize cardiometabolic risk. In addition, we demonstrated, for the first time, that the increase in IL-6 levels in patients with RTHβ is probably secondary to metabolic causes as they have normal levels of TNF-α and CRPus, which may contribute to an increase in cardiovascular risk. A larger number of patients must be studied to confirm these results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Patrícia Moreira Gomes
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School - University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | | | - Léa Maria Zanini Maciel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School - University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Brianso-Llort L, Saéz-Lopez C, Alvarez-Guaita A, Ramos-Perez L, Hernandez C, Simó R, Selva DM. Recent Advances on Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin Regulation by Nutritional Factors: Clinical Implications. Mol Nutr Food Res 2024:e2400020. [PMID: 38934352 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202400020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) is a homodimeric glycoprotein produced by the human liver and secreted into the systemic circulation where it binds with high affinity sex steroids regulating their availability in blood and accessibility to target tissues. Plasma SHBG levels are altered in metabolic disorders such as obesity, anorexia, and insulin resistance. Several reports have shown that diets in terms of total calories or fat, fiber, or protein content can alter plasma SHBG levels. However, there are many components in a diet that can affect SHBG gene expression in the liver. In order to unravel the molecular mechanisms by which diets regulate SHBG production, it would be necessary to analyze single diet components and/or nutritional factors. This review summarizes the recent advances in identifying different nutritional factors regulating SHBG production and the related molecular mechanism, as well as the clinical implications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Brianso-Llort
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Unit, Vall Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona and Biomedical Network Research Centre on Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM, ISCIII), Barcelona, 08035, Spain
| | - Cristina Saéz-Lopez
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Unit, Vall Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona and Biomedical Network Research Centre on Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM, ISCIII), Barcelona, 08035, Spain
| | - Anna Alvarez-Guaita
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Unit, Vall Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona and Biomedical Network Research Centre on Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM, ISCIII), Barcelona, 08035, Spain
| | - Lorena Ramos-Perez
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Unit, Vall Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona and Biomedical Network Research Centre on Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM, ISCIII), Barcelona, 08035, Spain
| | - Cristina Hernandez
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Unit, Vall Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona and Biomedical Network Research Centre on Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM, ISCIII), Barcelona, 08035, Spain
| | - Rafael Simó
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Unit, Vall Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona and Biomedical Network Research Centre on Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM, ISCIII), Barcelona, 08035, Spain
| | - David M Selva
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Unit, Vall Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona and Biomedical Network Research Centre on Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM, ISCIII), Barcelona, 08035, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
El-Araby RE, Tu Q, Xie Y, Aboushousha T, Li Z, Xu X, Zhu ZX, Dong LQ, Chen J. Adiponectin mRNA Conjugated with Lipid Nanoparticles Specifically Targets the Pathogenesis of Type 2 Diabetes. Aging Dis 2024:AD.2024.0162. [PMID: 38916734 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2024.0162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a widespread health condition both in the United States and around the world, with insulin resistance playing a critical role in its development. Effective treatment strategies are essential for managing T2D and mitigating associated risks. Adiponectin (APN), secreted by adipocytes, exhibits an inverse correlation with obesity-related adiposity, and its levels are negatively associated with insulin resistance and body mass index. This study aimed to enhance endogenous APN levels in a diet-induced obese (DIO) mouse model using lipid nanoparticles (LNP) as safe delivery agents for APN mRNA conjugates. The results indicate that APN-mRNA-LNP administration successfully induced APN synthesis in various tissues, including muscle, liver, kidney, pancreas, and adipose cells. This induction was associated with several positive outcomes, such as preventing diet-induced body weight gain, improving hyperglycemia by promoting Glut-4 expression, alleviating diabetic nephropathy symptoms by blocking the EGFR pathway, and reducing pro-inflammatory cytokine production. In addition, the treatment demonstrated enhanced insulin sensitivity by activating DGKd and inhibiting PKCε. This resulted in reactivation of insulin receptors in insulin target tissues and stimulation of insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells. The findings of the present study highlight the potential of APN-mRNA-LNP-based nucleic acid therapy as a treatment for type 2 diabetes, offering a comprehensive approach to addressing its complexities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rady E El-Araby
- Division of Oral Biology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
- Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Ministry of scientific Research, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Qisheng Tu
- Division of Oral Biology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Ying Xie
- Division of Oral Biology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Tarek Aboushousha
- Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Ministry of scientific Research, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Zhongyu Li
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Xiaoyang Xu
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Zoe X Zhu
- Division of Oral Biology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Lily Q Dong
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, The University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229, USA
| | - Jake Chen
- Division of Oral Biology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
- Department of Genetics, Molecular and Cellular Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, and Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences. 136 Harrison Ave, M&;ampV 811, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhang C, Dong X, Chen J, Liu F. Association between lipid accumulation product and psoriasis among adults: a nationally representative cross-sectional study. Lipids Health Dis 2024; 23:143. [PMID: 38760661 PMCID: PMC11100150 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-024-02123-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lipid accumulation product (LAP) is an accessible and relatively comprehensive assessment of obesity that represents both anatomical and physiological lipid accumulation. Obesity and psoriasis are potentially related, according to previous research. Investigating the relationship between adult psoriasis and the LAP index was the goal of this study. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study based on data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003-2006 and 2009-2014. The association between LAP and psoriasis was examined using multivariate logistic regression and smoothed curve fitting. To verify whether this relationship was stable across populations, subgroup analyses and interaction tests were performed. RESULTS The LAP index showed a positive correlation with psoriasis in 9,781 adult participants who were 20 years of age or older. A 27% elevated probability of psoriasis was linked to every unit increase in ln LAP in the fully adjusted model (Model 3: OR 1.27, 95% CI 1.06-1.52). In comparison with participants in the lowest ln LAP quartile, those in the highest quartile had an 83% greater likelihood of psoriasis (Model 3: OR 1.83, 95% CI 1.08-3.11). This positive correlation was more pronounced for young males, participants who had never smoked, non-drinkers, participants who exercised little, as well as non-hypertensive and non-diabetic participants. CONCLUSIONS This study found that the LAP index and adult psoriasis were positively correlated, especially in young males without comorbidities. Therefore, it is proposed that LAP may serve as a biomarker for early diagnosis of psoriasis and tracking the effectiveness of treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caiyun Zhang
- Department of Medical Cosmetology, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210022, China
| | - Xiaoping Dong
- Department of Dermatology, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Dermatology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210031, China.
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Thaqi G, Berisha B, Pfaffl MW. Expression dynamics of adipokines during induced ovulation in the bovine follicles and early corpus luteum. Reprod Domest Anim 2024; 59:e14624. [PMID: 38798196 DOI: 10.1111/rda.14624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
The study aimed to assess the local gene expression of adipokine members, namely vaspin, adiponectin, visfatin, resistin and their associated receptors - heat shock 70 protein 5 (HSPA5), adiponectin receptor 1 (AdipoR1) and adiponectin receptor 2 (AdipoR2) - in bovine follicles during the preovulatory period and early corpus luteum development. Follicles were collected before gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) treatment (0 h) and at 4, 10, 20, 25 and 60 h after GnRH application through transvaginal ovariectomy (n = 5 samples/group). Relative mRNA expression levels were quantified using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Vaspin exhibited high mRNA levels immediately 4 h after GnRH application, followed by a significant decrease. Adiponectin mRNA levels were elevated at 25 h after GnRH treatment. AdipoR2 exhibited late-stage upregulation, displaying increased expression at 20, 25 and 60 h following GnRH application. Visfatin showed upregulation at 20 h post-GnRH application. In conclusion, the observed changes in adipokine family members within preovulatory follicles, following experimentally induced ovulation, may constitute crucial components of the local mechanisms regulating final follicle growth and development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Granit Thaqi
- Chair of Animal Physiology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Bajram Berisha
- Chair of Animal Physiology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary, Department of Animal Biotechnology, University of Prishtina, Prishtina, Kosovo
| | - Michael W Pfaffl
- Chair of Animal Physiology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Hu Y, Huang Y, Jiang Y, Weng L, Cai Z, He B. The Different Shades of Thermogenic Adipose Tissue. Curr Obes Rep 2024:10.1007/s13679-024-00559-y. [PMID: 38607478 DOI: 10.1007/s13679-024-00559-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW By providing a concise overview of adipose tissue types, elucidating the regulation of adipose thermogenic capacity in both physiological contexts and chronic wasting diseases (a protracted hypermetabolic state that precipitates sustained catabolism and consequent progressive corporeal atrophy), and most importantly, delving into the ongoing discourse regarding the role of adipose tissue thermogenic activation in chronic wasting diseases, this review aims to provide researchers with a comprehensive understanding of the field. RECENT FINDINGS Adipose tissue, traditionally classified as white, brown, and beige (brite) based on its thermogenic activity and potential, is intricately regulated by complex mechanisms in response to exercise or cold exposure. This regulation is adipose depot-specific and dependent on the duration of exposure. Excessive thermogenic activation of adipose tissue has been observed in chronic wasting diseases and has been considered a pathological factor that accelerates disease progression. However, this conclusion may be confounded by the detrimental effects of excessive lipolysis. Recent research also suggests that such activation may play a beneficial role in the early stages of chronic wasting disease and provide potential therapeutic effects. A more comprehensive understanding of the changes in adipose tissue thermogenesis under physiological and pathological conditions, as well as the underlying regulatory mechanisms, is essential for the development of novel interventions to improve health and prevent disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunwen Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Yijie Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Yangjing Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Lvkan Weng
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China.
| | - Zhaohua Cai
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China.
| | - Ben He
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ahmed K, Choi HN, Park JS, Kim YG, Bae MK, Yim JE. Taurine supplementation alters gene expression profiles in white adipose tissue of obese C57BL/6J mice: Inflammation and lipid synthesis perspectives. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23288. [PMID: 38192788 PMCID: PMC10771985 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
This work aimed to identify the mechanisms by which taurine exerts its anti-obesity effects in the C57BL/6J ob/ob mice model and determine if taurine supplementation increases the amelioration of inflammation and lipogenesis linked genes in the adipose and liver tissues. Three groups of C57BL/6J mice were fed a standard chow diet for a period of 10 weeks the C57BL/6J normal group, the C57BL/6J ob/ob negative control group with no taurine intake and C57BL/6J ob/ob taurine group with taurine intake. Real time PCR was used to examine the gene expression profile in the experimental groups intrascapular brown adipose tissue (BAT), inguinal white adipose tissue (WAT) and liver. TNF-alpha, Ccl2, Adgre and illb genes that are associated with inflammation were found to have varying level of expression in the three tissues. In comparison to BAT and liver these genes were expressed at a much lower level in WAT, with enhanced serum adiponectin levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kainat Ahmed
- Interdisciplinary Program in Senior Human Ecology, Changwon National University, Changwon, Korea
| | - Ha-Neul Choi
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Changwon National University, Changwon, Korea
| | - Ji-sook Park
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Changwon National University, Changwon, Korea
| | - Yu-Gyeong Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Changwon National University, Changwon, Korea
| | - Min Kyung Bae
- Interdisciplinary Program in Senior Human Ecology, Changwon National University, Changwon, Korea
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Changwon National University, Changwon, Korea
| | - Jung-Eun Yim
- Interdisciplinary Program in Senior Human Ecology, Changwon National University, Changwon, Korea
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Changwon National University, Changwon, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Shao J, Jiang G, Li Y, Wang M, Tang T, Wang J, Jia X, Lai S. Let-7a-5p Regulates Animal Lipid Accumulation by Targeting Srebf2 and Thbs1 Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:894. [PMID: 38255968 PMCID: PMC10815625 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Recently, the trend of obesity is becoming increasingly prevalent, and the underlying pathogenesis of obesity is complex and needs to be researched further. In this study, we report a decreased expression of let-7a-5p in the white adipose tissue (WAT) of animals with obesity. Using the RNA oligo, let-7a-5p over-expression or suppression-expression is achieved, impacting the proliferation and differentiation of preadipocytes in vitro. Srebf2 mechanistically interacts with the metabolic effect of let-7a-5p and participates in lipid accumulation by regulating Srebf2 downstream signaling. Moreover, let-7a-5p binds to Thbs1 to interact with the PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway, down-regulating the phosphorylation levels of AKT, mTOR, and S6K1 to decrease lipid accumulation. In conclusion, our study highlights the physiological significance of let-7a-5p in lipid accumulation and suggests that the let-7a-5p/Srebf2 and let-7a-5p/Thbs1/PI3K-AKT-mTOR axes may represent potential mechanisms for controlling lipid accumulation in obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Songjia Lai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (J.S.); (G.J.); (Y.L.); (M.W.); (T.T.); (J.W.); (X.J.)
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Pezzino S, Luca T, Castorina M, Puleo S, Latteri S, Castorina S. Role of Perturbated Hemostasis in MASLD and Its Correlation with Adipokines. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:93. [PMID: 38255708 PMCID: PMC10820028 DOI: 10.3390/life14010093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) continues to rise, making it one of the most prevalent chronic liver disorders. MASLD encompasses a range of liver pathologies, from simple steatosis to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) with inflammation, hepatocyte damage, and fibrosis. Interestingly, the liver exhibits close intercommunication with fatty tissue. In fact, adipose tissue could contribute to the etiology and advancement of MASLD, acting as an endocrine organ that releases several hormones and cytokines, with the adipokines assuming a pivotal role. The levels of adipokines in the blood are altered in people with MASLD, and recent research has shed light on the crucial role played by adipokines in regulating energy expenditure, inflammation, and fibrosis in MASLD. However, MASLD disease is a multifaceted condition that affects various aspects of health beyond liver function, including its impact on hemostasis. The alterations in coagulation mechanisms and endothelial and platelet functions may play a role in the increased vulnerability and severity of MASLD. Therefore, more attention is being given to imbalanced adipokines as causative agents in causing disturbances in hemostasis in MASLD. Metabolic inflammation and hepatic injury are fundamental components of MASLD, and the interrelation between these biological components and the hemostasis pathway is delineated by reciprocal influences, as well as the induction of alterations. Adipokines have the potential to serve as the shared elements within this complex interrelationship. The objective of this review is to thoroughly examine the existing scientific knowledge on the impairment of hemostasis in MASLD and its connection with adipokines, with the aim of enhancing our comprehension of the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Pezzino
- Mediterranean Foundation “GB Morgagni”, 95125 Catania, Italy (M.C.); (S.C.)
| | - Tonia Luca
- Mediterranean Foundation “GB Morgagni”, 95125 Catania, Italy (M.C.); (S.C.)
- Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “G.F. Ingrassia”, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy;
| | | | - Stefano Puleo
- Mediterranean Foundation “GB Morgagni”, 95125 Catania, Italy (M.C.); (S.C.)
| | - Saverio Latteri
- Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “G.F. Ingrassia”, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy;
| | - Sergio Castorina
- Mediterranean Foundation “GB Morgagni”, 95125 Catania, Italy (M.C.); (S.C.)
- Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “G.F. Ingrassia”, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy;
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kataoka H, Nirengi S, Matsui Y, Taniguchi H. Fructose-induced FGF21 secretion does not activate brown adipose tissue in Japanese young men: randomized cross-over and randomized controlled trials. J Physiol Anthropol 2024; 43:5. [PMID: 38178259 PMCID: PMC10765626 DOI: 10.1186/s40101-023-00353-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human brown adipose tissue (BAT) activity is associated with lower body fatness and favorable glucose metabolism. Previous studies reported that oral fructose loading induces postprandial fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) secretion. FGF21 is a known inducer of adipose tissue thermogenesis; however, the effects of diet-induced FGF21 secretion on BAT thermogenesis remain to be elucidated. METHODS The effects of both single load and daily consumption of fructose on BAT activity were examined using a randomized cross-over trial and a 2-week randomized controlled trial (RCT), respectively. In the cross-over trial, 15 young men consumed a single dose of fructose solution or water and then consumed the other on a subsequent day. The RCT enrolled 22 young men, and the participants were allocated to a group that consumed fructose and a group that consumed water daily for 2 weeks. BAT activity was analyzed using thermography with cold exposure. Plasma FGF21 level was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS In the cross-over single-load trial, plasma FGF21 levels were significantly increased at 2 h after oral fructose load (p < 0.01); however, there was no significant difference in BAT activity between the fructose load and drinking water. The 2-week RCT revealed that both plasma FGF21 levels and BAT activity were not significantly increased by daily fructose consumption compared to water. Correlation analyses revealed that BAT activity at the baseline and the final measurements were strongly and positively associated with the RCT (r = 0.869, p < 0.001). Changes in BAT activity were significantly and negatively correlated with changes in plasma glucose levels during the 2-week intervention (r = - 0.497, p = 0.022). CONCLUSIONS Oral fructose load induces a temporary increase in circulating FGF21 levels; however, this does not activate BAT thermogenesis in healthy young men. Further studies are needed to elucidate the effect of endogenous FGF21 on physiological function. TRIAL REGISTRATION This study is registered with the University Hospital Medical Information Network in Japan (number 000051761, registered 1 August 2023, retrospectively registered, https://center6.umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-bin/ctr/ctr_view.cgi?recptno=R000052680 ).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haruki Kataoka
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Nirengi
- Clinical Research Institute, Division of Preventive Medicine, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, Japan
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Yuka Matsui
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Taniguchi
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Aleixo GFP, Wei W, Chen PH, Gandhi NS, Anwer F, Dean R, Hamilton BK, Hill BT, Jagadeesh D, Khouri J, Pohlman B, Sobecks R, Winter A, Caimi P, Majhail NS. The association of body composition and outcomes following autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Bone Marrow Transplant 2023; 58:1384-1389. [PMID: 37699993 DOI: 10.1038/s41409-023-02104-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Recently there has been a growing interest in evaluating body composition as a marker for prognosis in cancer patients. The association of body composition parameters and outcomes has not been deeply investigated in patients with autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) recipients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 264 NHL patients who received autologous HSCT. PreHSCT abdominal CT scans at the levels of L3 were assessed for body composition measures. We evaluated sarcopenia, myosteatosis, high visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and high visceral adipose tissue density (VATD). Using multivariable Cox proportional regression, we analyzed the association of clinical and transplant-related characteristics with overall survival (OS), relapse-free survival (RFS), and non-relapse mortality (NRM). In a multivariate regression model, patients with higher VATD had worse OS (HR 1.78; 95% confidence intervals CI 1.08-2.95, p = 0.02) and worse NRM (HR 2.31 95% CI 1.08-4.95, p = 0.02) than with lower VATD. Patients with lower levels of VAT also had worse RFS (HR 1.49 95% CI 1.03-2.15, p = 0.03). Sarcopenia and myosteatosis were not associated with outcomes. High pre-transplant VATD was associated with lower OS and higher NRM, and low pre-transplant VAT was associated with worse RFS in patients with NHL undergoing autologous HSCT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel F P Aleixo
- Internal Medicine Residency Program, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Wei Wei
- Blood and Marrow Transplant Program, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Po-Hao Chen
- Department of Radiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Namita S Gandhi
- Department of Radiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Faiz Anwer
- Blood and Marrow Transplant Program, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Robert Dean
- Blood and Marrow Transplant Program, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Betty K Hamilton
- Blood and Marrow Transplant Program, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Brian T Hill
- Blood and Marrow Transplant Program, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Deepa Jagadeesh
- Blood and Marrow Transplant Program, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Jack Khouri
- Blood and Marrow Transplant Program, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Brad Pohlman
- Blood and Marrow Transplant Program, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Ronald Sobecks
- Blood and Marrow Transplant Program, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Allison Winter
- Blood and Marrow Transplant Program, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Paolo Caimi
- Blood and Marrow Transplant Program, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Dwaib HS, Michel MC. Is the β 3-Adrenoceptor a Valid Target for the Treatment of Obesity and/or Type 2 Diabetes? Biomolecules 2023; 13:1714. [PMID: 38136585 PMCID: PMC10742325 DOI: 10.3390/biom13121714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
β3-Adrenoceptors mediate several functions in rodents that could be beneficial for the treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes. This includes promotion of insulin release from the pancreas, cellular glucose uptake, lipolysis, and thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue. In combination, they lead to a reduction of body weight in several rodent models including ob/ob mice and Zucker diabetic fatty rats. These findings stimulated drug development programs in various pharmaceutical companies, and at least nine β3-adrenoceptor agonists have been tested in clinical trials. However, all of these projects were discontinued due to the lack of clinically relevant changes in body weight. Following a concise historical account of discoveries leading to such drug development programs we discuss species differences that explain why β3-adrenoceptors are not a meaningful drug target for the treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haneen S. Dwaib
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Palestine Ahliya University, Bethlehem P.O. Box 1041, Palestine;
| | - Martin C. Michel
- Department of Pharmacology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Turpin T, Thouvenot K, Gonthier MP. Adipokines and Bacterial Metabolites: A Pivotal Molecular Bridge Linking Obesity and Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis to Target. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1692. [PMID: 38136564 PMCID: PMC10742113 DOI: 10.3390/biom13121692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipokines are essential mediators produced by adipose tissue and exert multiple biological functions. In particular, adiponectin, leptin, resistin, IL-6, MCP-1 and PAI-1 play specific roles in the crosstalk between adipose tissue and other organs involved in metabolic, immune and vascular health. During obesity, adipokine imbalance occurs and leads to a low-grade pro-inflammatory status, promoting insulin resistance-related diabetes and its vascular complications. A causal link between obesity and gut microbiota dysbiosis has been demonstrated. The deregulation of gut bacteria communities characterizing this dysbiosis influences the synthesis of bacterial substances including lipopolysaccharides and specific metabolites, generated via the degradation of dietary components, such as short-chain fatty acids, trimethylamine metabolized into trimethylamine-oxide in the liver and indole derivatives. Emerging evidence suggests that these bacterial metabolites modulate signaling pathways involved in adipokine production and action. This review summarizes the current knowledge about the molecular links between gut bacteria-derived metabolites and adipokine imbalance in obesity, and emphasizes their roles in key pathological mechanisms related to oxidative stress, inflammation, insulin resistance and vascular disorder. Given this interaction between adipokines and bacterial metabolites, the review highlights their relevance (i) as complementary clinical biomarkers to better explore the metabolic, inflammatory and vascular complications during obesity and gut microbiota dysbiosis, and (ii) as targets for new antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and prebiotic triple action strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marie-Paule Gonthier
- Université de La Réunion, INSERM, UMR 1188 Diabète Athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), 97410 Saint-Pierre, La Réunion, France; (T.T.); (K.T.)
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Hussein AA, Ahmed NA, Sakr HI, Atia T, Ahmed OM. Omentin roles in physiology and pathophysiology: an up-to-date comprehensive review. Arch Physiol Biochem 2023:1-14. [PMID: 37994431 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2023.2283685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Omentin (intelectin) was first detected in the visceral omental adipose tissue. It has mainly two isoforms, omentin-1 and -2, with isoform-1 being the main form in human blood. It possesses insulin-sensitizing, anti-inflammatory, anti-atherogenic, cardio-protective, and oxidative stress-decreasing effects. Omentin's cardiovascular protective actions are caused by the improved endothelial cell survival and function, increased endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability, enhanced vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) relaxation with reduced proliferation, decreased inflammation, and suppressed oxidative stress. Omentin may also have a potential role in different cancer types and rheumatic diseases. Thus, omentin is an excellent therapeutic target in many diseases, including diabetes mellitus (DM), metabolic syndrome (MetS), cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), inflammatory diseases, and cancer. This review demonstrates the physiological functions of omentin in ameliorating insulin resistance (IR), vascular function, and inflammation and its possible share in managing obesity-linked diseases, such as metabolic disorders, DM, and cardiovascular conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aida A Hussein
- Zoology Department, Physiology Division, Faculty of Science, Suez University, Suez, Egypt
| | - Noha A Ahmed
- Department of Zoology, Physiology Division, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt
| | - Hader I Sakr
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Medical Physiology, General Medicine Practice Program, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tarek Atia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Osama M Ahmed
- Department of Zoology, Physiology Division, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zhang L, Guan Q, Wang Z, Feng J, Zou J, Gao B. Consequences of Aging on Bone. Aging Dis 2023:AD.2023.1115. [PMID: 38029404 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.1115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
With the aging of the global population, the incidence of musculoskeletal diseases has been increasing, seriously affecting people's health. As people age, the microenvironment within skeleton favors bone resorption and inhibits bone formation, accompanied by bone marrow fat accumulation and multiple cellular senescence. Specifically, skeletal stem/stromal cells (SSCs) during aging tend to undergo adipogenesis rather than osteogenesis. Meanwhile, osteoblasts, as well as osteocytes, showed increased apoptosis, decreased quantity, and multiple functional limitations including impaired mechanical sensing, intercellular modulation, and exosome secretion. Also, the bone resorption function of macrophage-lineage cells (including osteoclasts and preosteoclasts) was significantly enhanced, as well as impaired vascularization and innervation. In this study, we systematically reviewed the effect of aging on bone and the within microenvironment (including skeletal cells as well as their intracellular structure variations, vascular structures, innervation, marrow fat distribution, and lymphatic system) caused by aging, and mechanisms of osteoimmune regulation of the bone environment in the aging state, and the causal relationship with multiple musculoskeletal diseases in addition with their potential therapeutic strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lingli Zhang
- College of Athletic Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiao Guan
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhikun Wang
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Feng
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Zou
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Gao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Farhana S, Kai YC, Kadir R, Sulaiman WAW, Nordin NA, Nasir NAM. The fate of adipose tissue and adipose-derived stem cells in allograft. Cell Tissue Res 2023; 394:269-292. [PMID: 37624425 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-023-03827-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Utilizing adipose tissue and adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) turned into a promising field of allograft in recent years. The therapeutic potential of adipose tissue and ADSCs is governed by their molecular secretions, ability to sustain multi-differentiation and self-renewal which are pivotal in reconstructive, genetic diseases, and cosmetic goals. However, revisiting the existing functional capacity of adipose tissue and ADSCs and their intricate relationship with allograft is crucial to figure out the remarkable question of safety to use in allograft due to the growing evidence of interactions between tumor microenvironment and ADSCs. For instance, the molecular secretions of adipose tissue and ADSCs induce angiogenesis, create growth factors, and control the inflammatory response; it has now been well determined. Though the existing preclinical allograft studies gave positive feedback, ADSCs and adipose tissue are attracted by some factors of tumor stroma. Moreover, allorecognition is pivotal to allograft rejection which is carried out by costimulation in a complement-dependent way and leads to the destruction of the donor cells. However, extensive preclinical trials of adipose tissue and ADSCs in allograft at molecular level are still limited. Hence, comprehensive immunomodulatory analysis could ensure the successful allograft of adipose tissue and ADSCs avoiding the oncological risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Farhana
- Reconstructive Sciences Unit, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Yew Chun Kai
- Reconstructive Sciences Unit, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Ramlah Kadir
- Department of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Wan Azman Wan Sulaiman
- Reconstructive Sciences Unit, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Nor Asyikin Nordin
- Department of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Nur Azida Mohd Nasir
- Reconstructive Sciences Unit, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Lorsignol A, Rabiller L, Labit E, Casteilla L, Pénicaud L. The nervous system and adipose tissues: a tale of dialogues. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2023; 325:E480-E490. [PMID: 37729026 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00115.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
White, beige, and brown adipose tissues play a crucial role in maintaining energy homeostasis. Due to the heterogeneous and diffuse nature of fat pads, this balance requires a fine and coordinated control of many actors and therefore permanent dialogues between these tissues and the central nervous system. For about two decades, many studies have been devoted to describe the neuro-anatomical and functional complexity involved to ensure this dialogue. Thus, if it is now clearly demonstrated that there is an efferent sympathetic innervation of different fat depots controlling plasticity as well as metabolic functions of the fat pad, the crucial role of sensory innervation capable of detecting local signals informing the central nervous system of the metabolic state of the relevant pads is much more recent. The purpose of this review is to provide the current state of knowledge on this subject.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Lorsignol
- RESTORE, CNRS, Inserm, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Lise Rabiller
- RESTORE, CNRS, Inserm, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Elodie Labit
- RESTORE, CNRS, Inserm, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Louis Casteilla
- RESTORE, CNRS, Inserm, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Luc Pénicaud
- RESTORE, CNRS, Inserm, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Tang T, Jiang G, Shao J, Wang M, Zhang X, Xia S, Sun W, Jia X, Wang J, Lai S. lncRNA MSTRG4710 Promotes the Proliferation and Differentiation of Preadipocytes through miR-29b-3p/IGF1 Axis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15715. [PMID: 37958699 PMCID: PMC10649235 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity, a major global health issue, is increasingly associated with the integral role of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) in adipogenesis. Recently, we found that lncRNA-MSTRG4710 was highly expressed in the liver of rabbits fed a high-fat diet, but whether it is involved in lipid metabolism remains unclear. A series of experiments involving CCK-8, EDU, qPCR, and Oil Red O staining demonstrated that the overexpression of MSTRG4710 stimulated the proliferation and differentiation of preadipocytes while its knockdown inhibited these processes. Bioinformatics analysis showed that miR-29b-3p was a potential target gene of MSTRG4710, and IGF1 was a downstream target gene of miR-29b-3p. Luciferase reporter gene analysis and qPCR analysis confirmed that miR-29b-3p was a potential target gene of MSTRG4710, and miR-29b-3p directly targeted the 3'UTR of IGF1. The overexpression of miR-29b-3p was observed to regulate IGF1 protein and mRNA levels negatively. Additionally, a total of 414 known differentially expressed genes between the miR-29b-3p mimic, miR-29b-3p negative control (NC), siMSTRG4710, and siMSTRG4710-NC group were screened via transcriptome sequencing technology. The GO- and KEGG-enriched pathways were found to be related to lipid metabolism. The study also established that miR-29b-3p targets IGF1 to inhibit preadipocyte proliferation and differentiation. Notably, IGF1 knockdown significantly reduced preadipocyte proliferation and differentiation. Furthermore, co-transfection of pcDNA3.1(+)-MSTRG4710 and mimics into rabbit preadipocytes revealed that the mimics reversed the promotional effect of pcDNA3.1(+)-MSTRG4710. In conclusion, these results uncover that MSTRG4710 positively regulated cell proliferation and adipogenesis by the miR-29b-3p/IGF1 axis. Our findings might provide a new target for studying adipogenesis in rabbit preadipocytes and obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Tang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Genglong Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jiahao Shao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Meigui Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Siqi Xia
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Wenqiang Sun
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China (J.W.)
| | - Xianbo Jia
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China (J.W.)
| | - Jie Wang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China (J.W.)
| | - Songjia Lai
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China (J.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Anastasio AT, Bagheri K, Adams SB. Contemporary Review: The Use of Adipocyte-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Pathologies of the Foot and Ankle. FOOT & ANKLE ORTHOPAEDICS 2023; 8:24730114231207643. [PMID: 37929076 PMCID: PMC10623921 DOI: 10.1177/24730114231207643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kian Bagheri
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University Hospital, Durham, NC, USA
- Campbell University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Lillington, NC, USA
| | - Samuel B. Adams
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University Hospital, Durham, NC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Holmes LR, Garside JC, Frank J, Livingston E, Snyder J, Abu Khalaf N, Yuan H, Branca RT. In-vivo detection of white adipose tissue browning: a multimodality imaging approach. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15485. [PMID: 37726379 PMCID: PMC10509182 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42537-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Detection and differentiation of brown fat in humans poses several challenges, as this tissue is sparse and often mixed with white adipose tissue. Non-invasive detection of beige fat represents an even greater challenge as this tissue is structurally and functionally more like white fat than brown fat. Here we used positron emission tomography with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose, computed tomography, xenon-enhanced computed tomography, and dynamic contrast-enhanced ultrasound, to non-invasively detect functional and structural changes associated with the browning process of inguinal white fat, induced in mice by chronic stimulation with the β3-adrenergic receptor agonist CL-316243. These studies reveal a very heterogeneous increase in baseline tissue radiodensity and xenon-enhanced radiodensity, indicative of both an increase in adipocytes water and protein content as well as tissue perfusion, mostly in regions that showed enhanced norepinephrine-stimulated perfusion before CL-316243 treatment. No statistically significant increase in 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose uptake or norepinephrine-stimulated tissue perfusion were observed in the mice after the CL-316243 treatment. The increase in tissue-water content and perfusion, along with the negligible increase in the tissue glucose uptake and norepinephrine-stimulated perfusion deserve more attention, especially considering the potential metabolic role that this tissue may play in whole body metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leah R Holmes
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - John C Garside
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Jonathan Frank
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Eric Livingston
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Jonas Snyder
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Nada Abu Khalaf
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Hong Yuan
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Rosa T Branca
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Yuan Y, Shi Z, Xiong S, Hu R, Song Q, Song Z, Ong SG, Jiang Y. Differential roles of insulin receptor in adipocyte progenitor cells in mice. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2023; 573:111968. [PMID: 37244600 PMCID: PMC10846871 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2023.111968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The development of white adipose tissue (WAT) occurs during distinct embryonic and postnatal stages, and it is subsequently maintained throughout life. However, the specific mediators and mechanisms responsible for WAT development during different phases remain unclear. In this study, we investigate the role of the insulin receptor (IR) in regulating adipogenesis and adipocyte function within adipocyte progenitor cells (APCs) during WAT development and homeostasis. We use two in vivo adipose lineage tracking and deletion systems to delete IR either in embryonic APCs or adult APCs, respectively, to explore the specific requirements of IR during WAT development and WAT homeostasis in mice. Our data suggest that IR expression in APCs may not be essential for adult adipocyte differentiation but appears to be crucial for adipose tissue development. We reveal a surprising divergent role of IR in APCs during WAT development and homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yexian Yuan
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Zuoxiao Shi
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Shaolei Xiong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Ruoci Hu
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Qing Song
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Zhenyuan Song
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Sang-Ging Ong
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, College of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Illinois, 60612, USA; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, Illinois, 60612, USA
| | - Yuwei Jiang
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Lee-Rueckert M, Canyelles M, Tondo M, Rotllan N, Kovanen PT, Llorente-Cortes V, Escolà-Gil JC. Obesity-induced changes in cancer cells and their microenvironment: Mechanisms and therapeutic perspectives to manage dysregulated lipid metabolism. Semin Cancer Biol 2023; 93:36-51. [PMID: 37156344 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2023.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Obesity has been closely related to cancer progression, recurrence, metastasis, and treatment resistance. We aim to review recent progress in the knowledge on the obese macroenvironment and the generated adipose tumor microenvironment (TME) inducing lipid metabolic dysregulation and their influence on carcinogenic processes. Visceral white adipose tissue expansion during obesity exerts systemic or macroenvironmental effects on tumor initiation, growth, and invasion by promoting inflammation, hyperinsulinemia, growth-factor release, and dyslipidemia. The dynamic relationship between cancer and stromal cells of the obese adipose TME is critical for cancer cell survival and proliferation as well. Experimental evidence shows that secreted paracrine signals from cancer cells can induce lipolysis in cancer-associated adipocytes, causing them to release free fatty acids and acquire a fibroblast-like phenotype. Such adipocyte delipidation and phenotypic change is accompanied by an increased secretion of cytokines by cancer-associated adipocytes and tumor-associated macrophages in the TME. Mechanistically, the availability of adipose TME free fatty acids and tumorigenic cytokines concomitant with the activation of angiogenic processes creates an environment that favors a shift in the cancer cells toward an aggressive phenotype associated with increased invasiveness. We conclude that restoring the aberrant metabolic alterations in the host macroenvironment and in adipose TME of obese subjects would be a therapeutic option to prevent cancer development. Several dietary, lipid-based, and oral antidiabetic pharmacological therapies could potentially prevent tumorigenic processes associated with the dysregulated lipid metabolism closely linked to obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Marina Canyelles
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques (IIB) Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mireia Tondo
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques (IIB) Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Noemi Rotllan
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques (IIB) Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Vicenta Llorente-Cortes
- Wihuri Research Institute, Helsinki, Finland; Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB)-Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain; CIBERCV, Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Joan Carles Escolà-Gil
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques (IIB) Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Than WH, Chan GCK, Kwan BCH, Lai KB, Chan RCK, Teoh JYC, Ng JKC, Fung WWS, Chow KM, Cheng PMS, Li PKT, Szeto CC. Plasma vaspin levels and clinical outcome in incident peritoneal dialysis patients. BMC Nephrol 2023; 24:206. [PMID: 37438733 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-023-03259-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vaspin is an adipokine that regulates glucose and lipid metabolism. Plasma vaspin level is increased in chronic kidney disease but decreased in hemodialysis patients. However, plasma vaspin level in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients, as well as its prognostic role, has not been studied. METHODS We recruited 146 incident PD patients. Their baseline plasma vaspin levels, body anthropometry, the profile of insulin resistance, bioimpedance spectroscopy parameters, dialysis adequacy, and nutritional indices were measured. They were followed for up to 5 years for survival analysis. RESULTS The average age was 58.4 ± 11.8 years; 96 patients (65.8%) were men, and 90 (61.6%) had diabetes. The median vaspin level was 0.18 ng/dL (interquartile range [IQR] 0.11 to 0.30 ng/dL). Plasma vaspin level did not have a significant correlation with adipose tissue mass or baseline insulin level. However, plasma vaspin level had a modest correlation with the change in insulin resistance, as represented by the HOMA-IR index, in non-diabetic patients (r = -0.358, p = 0.048). Although the plasma vaspin level quartile did not have a significant association with patient survival in the entire cohort, it had a significant interaction with diabetic status (p < 0.001). In nondiabetic patients, plasma vaspin level quartile was an independent predictor of patient survival after adjusting for confounding clinical factors (adjusted hazard ratio 2.038, 95% confidence interval 1.191-3.487, p = 0.009), while the result for diabetic patients was not significant. CONCLUSIONS Plasma vaspin level quartile had a significant association with patient survival in non-diabetic PD patients. Baseline plasma vaspin level also had a modest inverse correlation with the subsequent change in the severity of insulin resistance, but the exact biological role of vaspin deserves further studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Win Hlaing Than
- Carol & Richard Yu Peritoneal Dialysis Research Centre, Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, China
| | - Gordon Chun-Kau Chan
- Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, China
| | - Bonnie Ching-Ha Kwan
- Carol & Richard Yu Peritoneal Dialysis Research Centre, Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, China
| | - Ka-Bik Lai
- Carol & Richard Yu Peritoneal Dialysis Research Centre, Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, China
| | - Ronald Cheong-Kin Chan
- Department of Anatomical & Cellular Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Jack Kit-Chung Ng
- Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, China
| | - Winston Wing-Shing Fung
- Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, China
| | - Kai-Ming Chow
- Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, China
| | - Phyllis Mei-Shan Cheng
- Carol & Richard Yu Peritoneal Dialysis Research Centre, Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences (LiHS), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Philip Kam-Tao Li
- Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, China
| | - Cheuk-Chun Szeto
- Carol & Richard Yu Peritoneal Dialysis Research Centre, Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, China.
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences (LiHS), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Kulshrestha S, Devkar R. Circadian control of Nocturnin and its regulatory role in health and disease. Chronobiol Int 2023; 40:970-981. [PMID: 37400970 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2023.2231081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms are generated by intrinsic 24-h oscillations that anticipate the extrinsic changes associated with solar day. A conserved transcriptional-translational feedback loop generates these molecular oscillations of clock genes at the organismal and the cellular levels. One of the recently discovered outputs of circadian clock is Nocturnin (Noct) or Ccrn4l. In mice, Noct mRNA is broadly expressed in cells throughout the body, with a particularly high-amplitude rhythm in liver. NOCT belongs to the EEP family of proteins with the closest similarity to the CCR4 family of deadenylases. Multiple studies have investigated the role of Nocturnin in development, adipogenesis, lipid metabolism, inflammation, osteogenesis, and obesity. Further, mice lacking Noct (Noct KO or Noct-/-) are protected from high-fat diet-induced obesity and hepatic steatosis. Recent studies had provided new insights by investigating various aspects of Nocturnin, ranging from its sub-cellular localization to identification of its target transcripts. However, a profound understanding of its molecular function remains elusive. This review article seeks to integrate the available literature into our current understanding of the functions of Nocturnin, their regulatory roles in key tissues and to throw light on the existing scientific lacunae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shruti Kulshrestha
- Chronobiology and Molecular Endocrinology Lab, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, India
| | - Ranjitsinh Devkar
- Chronobiology and Molecular Endocrinology Lab, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, India
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Allalou A, Peng J, Robinson GA, Marruganti C, D’Aiuto F, Butler G, Jury EC, Ciurtin C. Impact of puberty, sex determinants and chronic inflammation on cardiovascular risk in young people. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1191119. [PMID: 37441710 PMCID: PMC10333528 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1191119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Worrying trends of increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in children, adolescents and young people in the Modern Era have channelled research and public health strategies to tackle this growing epidemic. However, there are still controversies related to the dynamic of the impact of sex, age and puberty on this risk and on cardiovascular health outcomes later in life. In this comprehensive review of current literature, we examine the relationship between puberty, sex determinants and various traditional CVD-risk factors, as well as subclinical atherosclerosis in young people in general population. In addition, we evaluate the role of chronic inflammation, sex hormone therapy and health-risk behaviours on augmenting traditional CVD-risk factors and health outcomes, ultimately aiming to determine whether tailored management strategies for this age group are justified.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amal Allalou
- University College London Medical School, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Junjie Peng
- Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology Versus Arthritis, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Centre for Rheumatology Research, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - George A. Robinson
- Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology Versus Arthritis, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Centre for Rheumatology Research, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Crystal Marruganti
- Eastman Dental Hospital, University College London Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Francesco D’Aiuto
- Eastman Dental Hospital, University College London Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gary Butler
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, University College London Hospital, London, United Kingdom
- Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth C. Jury
- Centre for Rheumatology Research, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Coziana Ciurtin
- Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology Versus Arthritis, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Centre for Rheumatology Research, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Wang R, Ganbold M, Ferdousi F, Tominaga K, Isoda H. A Rare Olive Compound Oleacein Improves Lipid and Glucose Metabolism, and Inflammatory Functions: A Comprehensive Whole-Genome Transcriptomics Analysis in Adipocytes Differentiated from Healthy and Diabetic Adipose Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10419. [PMID: 37445596 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Oleacein (OLE), a rare natural compound found in unfiltered extra virgin olive oil, has been shown to have anti-inflammatory and anti-obesity properties. However, little is known regarding the mechanisms by which OLE influences metabolic processes linked to disease targets, particularly in the context of lipid metabolism. In the present study, we conducted whole-genome DNA microarray analyses in adipocytes differentiated from human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs) and diabetic hASCs (d-hASCs) to examine the effects of OLE on modulating metabolic pathways. We found that OLE significantly inhibited lipid formation in adipocytes differentiated from both sources. In addition, microarray analysis demonstrated that OLE treatment could significantly downregulate lipid-metabolism-related genes and modulate glucose metabolism in both adipocyte groups. Transcription factor enrichment and protein-protein interaction (PPI) analyses identified potential regulatory gene targets. We also found that OLE treatment enhanced the anti-inflammatory properties in adipocytes. Our study findings suggest that OLE exhibits potential benefits in improving lipid and glucose metabolism, thus holding promise for its application in the management of metabolic disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- Tsukuba Life Science Innovation Program (T-LSI), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan
| | - Munkhzul Ganbold
- Open Innovation Laboratory for Food and Medicinal Resource Engineering (FoodMed-OIL), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan
| | - Farhana Ferdousi
- Tsukuba Life Science Innovation Program (T-LSI), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan
- Alliance for Research on the Mediterranean and North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan
| | - Kenichi Tominaga
- Tsukuba Life Science Innovation Program (T-LSI), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan
- Open Innovation Laboratory for Food and Medicinal Resource Engineering (FoodMed-OIL), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan
| | - Hiroko Isoda
- Tsukuba Life Science Innovation Program (T-LSI), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan
- Open Innovation Laboratory for Food and Medicinal Resource Engineering (FoodMed-OIL), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan
- Alliance for Research on the Mediterranean and North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Munkhzul C, Lee JM, Kim B, Nguyen TTM, Ginting RP, Jeong D, Kim YK, Lee MW, Lee M. H19X-encoded microRNAs induced by IL-4 in adipocyte precursors regulate proliferation to facilitate differentiation. Biol Direct 2023; 18:32. [PMID: 37322541 PMCID: PMC10273709 DOI: 10.1186/s13062-023-00388-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue, an organ critical for systemic energy homeostasis, is influenced by type 2 immunity in its development and function. The type 2 cytokine interleukin (IL)-4 induces the proliferation of bipotential adipocyte precursors (APs) in white fat tissue and primes these cells for differentiation into beige adipocytes, which are specialized for thermogenesis. However, the underlying mechanisms have not yet been comprehensively examined. Here, we identified six microRNA (miRNA) genes upregulated upon IL-4 stimulation in APs, miR-322, miR-503, miR-351, miR-542, miR-450a, and miR-450b; these are encoded in the H19X locus of the genome. Their expression is positively regulated by the transcription factor Klf4, whose expression also increases upon IL-4 stimulation. These miRNAs shared a large set of target genes, of which 381 genes were downregulated in mRNA expression upon IL-4 stimulation and enriched in Wnt signaling pathways. Two genes with downregulated expression, Ccnd1 and Fzd6, were repressed by H19X-encoded miRNAs. Additionally, the Wnt signaling activator LiCl downregulated the expression of this group of miRNAs in APs, indicating that Wnt signaling-related genes and these miRNAs form a double-negative feedback regulatory loop. This miRNA/Wnt feedback regulation modulated the elevated proliferation of APs induced by IL-4 stimulation and contributed to priming them for beige adipocyte differentiation. Moreover, the aberrant expression of these miRNAs attenuates the differentiation of APs into beige adipocytes. Collectively, our results suggest that H19X-encoded miRNAs facilitate the transition of APs from proliferation to differentiation in the IL-4-mediated regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Choijamts Munkhzul
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, 31151, Korea
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, 31151, Korea
| | - Ji-Min Lee
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, 31151, Korea
| | - Boseon Kim
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, 31151, Korea
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, 31151, Korea
| | - Thi Thanh My Nguyen
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, 31151, Korea
| | - Rehna Paula Ginting
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, 31151, Korea
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, 31151, Korea
| | - Dahee Jeong
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, 31151, Korea
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, 31151, Korea
| | - Young-Kook Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, 58128, Korea
| | - Min-Woo Lee
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, 31151, Korea.
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, 31151, Korea.
| | - Mihye Lee
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, 31151, Korea.
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, 31151, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Chen D, Li Y, Hu T, Gong C, Lu G, Ma X, Wang Y, Wang Y, Lin Y. PDZK1-Interacting Protein 1(PDZKIP1) Inhibits Goat Subcutaneous Preadipocyte Differentiation through Promoting Autophagy. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13061046. [PMID: 36978587 PMCID: PMC10044287 DOI: 10.3390/ani13061046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
PDZK1IP1 is highly expressed in tumor tissue and has been identified as a tumor biomarker. However, the role of PDZK1IP1 in goat subcutaneous preadipocyte differentiation remains largely unknown. The molecular mechanism of autophagy in regulating the differentiation of goat subcutaneous preadipocytes has not been clarified yet. In our study, PDZK1IP1 gain of function and loss of function were performed to reveal its functions in preadipocyte differentiation and autophagy. Our results showed that the overexpression of PDZK1IP1 inhibited the differentiation of goat subcutaneous preadipocytes, whereas it promoted autophagy. Consistently, the knockdown of PDZK1IP1 demonstrated the opposite tendency. Next, we investigated whether PDZK1IP1 inhibited the differentiation of goat preadipocytes by regulating autophagy. We found that inhibiting autophagy can rescue the PDZK1IP1-induced differentiation restraint in goat subcutaneous preadipocytes. In conclusion, PDZK1IP1 acts as a regulator of adipogenesis, and inhibits goat subcutaneous preadipocyte differentiation through promoting autophagy. Our results will contribute to further understanding the role and mechanism of PDZK1IP1 in controlling adipogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dingshuang Chen
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yanyan Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Tingting Hu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Chengsi Gong
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Guangyu Lu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiaotong Ma
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yong Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province for Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Exploitation, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Youli Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yaqiu Lin
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province for Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Exploitation, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Omentin-1 Levels and Outcomes in Incident Peritoneal Dialysis Patients. Kidney Med 2023; 5:100598. [PMID: 36852091 PMCID: PMC9958401 DOI: 10.1016/j.xkme.2023.100598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale & Objective Omentin-1 is an adipokine with anti-inflammatory and cardioprotective properties. The objective of this study was to determine the prognostic role of plasma omentin-1 levels in incident peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. Study Design Retrospective analysis of prospective cohort. Setting & Participants 152 incident PD patients. Predictors Plasma omentin-1 level, adipose tissue omentin-1 messenger RNA (mRNA) expression. Outcomes Patient survival, technique survival, hospital admission, and duration of stay. Analytical Approach Time-to-event survival analyses; linear regression for hospitalization. Results The mean age was 58.4 ± 11.7 years; 102 were men, and 92 had diabetes. There was no significant correlation between plasma omentin-1 level and its adipose tissue mRNA expression. A higher plasma omentin-1 level quartile was not associated with patient survival (P = 0.92) or technique survival (P = 0.83) but had a modest correlation with a lower number of hospital admissions (P = 0.07) and shorter duration of hospital stay (P = 0.04). In adjusted models using multivariable linear regression, a higher plasma omentin-1 level quartile remained significantly associated with fewer hospital admissions (β, -0.13; 95% CI, -0.26 to -0.002; P = 0.05) and shorter hospitalization duration (β, -0.20; 95% CI, -0.38 to -0.02; P = 0.03). Limitations Observational study with baseline measures only. Conclusions Plasma omentin-1 level was not associated with patient survival, technique survival, or peritonitis, but higher plasma omentin-1 levels were associated with fewer hospital admissions and shorter duration of hospitalization among incident PD patients.
Collapse
|
34
|
Purinergic receptor: a crucial regulator of adipose tissue functions. Purinergic Signal 2023; 19:273-281. [PMID: 36515790 PMCID: PMC9984650 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-022-09907-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a public-health challenge resulting from an imbalance between energy expenditure and calorie intake. This health problem exacerbates a variety of metabolic complications worldwide. Adipose tissue is an essential regulator of energy homeostasis, and the functions within it are regulated by purinergic receptors. A1R, P2X7R, and P2YR mainly mediate energy homeostasis primarily through regulating energy storage and adipokines secretion in white adipose tissue (WAT). P2X5R is a novel-specific cell surface marker in brown/beige adipocytes. A2R is a promising therapeutic target for stimulating energy expenditure in brown adipose tissue (BAT) and also mediating WAT browning. Based on these features, purinergic receptors may be an appropriate target in treating obesity. In this review, the role of purinergic receptors in different types of adipose tissue is summarized. An improved understanding of purinergic receptor functions in adipose tissue may lead to more effective treatment interventions for obesity and its related metabolic disorders.
Collapse
|
35
|
Ke S, Hu Q, Zhu G, Li L, Sun X, Cheng H, Li L, Yao Y, Li H. Remodeling of white adipose tissue microenvironment against obesity by phytochemicals. Phytother Res 2023. [PMID: 36786412 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a kind of chronic disease due to a long-term imbalance between energy intake and expenditure. In recent years, the number of obese people around the world has soared, and obesity problem should not be underestimated. Obesity is characterized by changes in the adipose microenvironment, mainly manifested as hypertrophy, chronic inflammatory status, hypoxia, and fibrosis, thus contributing to the pathological changes of other tissues. A plethora of phytochemicals have been found to improve adipose microenvironment, thus prevent and resist obesity, providing a new research direction for the treatment of obesity and related diseases. This paper discusses remodeling of the adipose tissue microenvironment as a therapeutic avenue and reviews the progress of phytochemicals in fighting obesity by improving the adipose microenvironment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuwei Ke
- Institute of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingyuan Hu
- Institute of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanyao Zhu
- Institute of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Linghuan Li
- Institute of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuechao Sun
- Research and Development Department, Zhejiang Starry Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Taizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongbin Cheng
- Research and Development Department, Zhejiang Starry Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Taizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingqiao Li
- Research and Development Department, Zhejiang Starry Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Taizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanfa Yao
- Institute of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanbing Li
- Institute of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Vliora M, Ravelli C, Grillo E, Corsini M, Flouris AD, Mitola S. The impact of adipokines on vascular networks in adipose tissue. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2023; 69:61-72. [PMID: 35953434 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2022.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Adipose tissue (AT) is a highly active and plastic endocrine organ. It secretes numerous soluble molecules known as adipokines, which act locally to AT control the remodel and homeostasis or exert pleiotropic functions in different peripheral organs. Aberrant production or loss of certain adipokines contributes to AT dysfunction associated with metabolic disorders, including obesity. The AT plasticity is strictly related to tissue vascularization. Angiogenesis supports the AT expansion, while regression of blood vessels is associated with AT hypoxia, which in turn mediates tissue inflammation, fibrosis and metabolic dysfunction. Several adipokines can regulate endothelial cell functions and are endowed with either pro- or anti-angiogenic properties. Here we address the role of adipokines in the regulation of angiogenesis. A better understanding of the link between adipokines and angiogenesis will open the way for novel therapeutic approaches to treat obesity and metabolic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Vliora
- FAME Laboratory, Department of Exercise Science, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece; Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Via Branze 39, Brescia, Italy
| | - Cosetta Ravelli
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Via Branze 39, Brescia, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Grillo
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Via Branze 39, Brescia, Italy
| | - Michela Corsini
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Via Branze 39, Brescia, Italy
| | - Andreas D Flouris
- FAME Laboratory, Department of Exercise Science, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece
| | - Stefania Mitola
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Via Branze 39, Brescia, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Charles S, Liu Y, Kimita W, Ko J, Bharmal SH, Petrov MS. Effect of D-β-hydroxybutyrate-( R)-1,3 butanediol on plasma levels of asprosin and leptin: results from a randomised controlled trial. Food Funct 2023; 14:759-768. [PMID: 36594212 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo02405e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background: D-β-Hydroxybutyrate-(R)-1,3 butanediol - a non-racemic ketone monoester for ingestion - has emerged as an effective way to achieve acute nutritional ketosis. Whether white adipose tissue plays a role in effects of acute nutritional ketosis is largely unknown. Objective: To investigate the effects of acute nutritional ketosis on plasma levels of asprosin and leptin and if they are affected by abdominal fat phenotypes. Methods: The design was a randomised crossover trial. Participants received either the D-β-hydroxybutyrate-(R)-1,3 butanediol monoester (KEβHB) drink or placebo drink. Blood samples were collected at baseline, 30, 60, 90, 120, and 150 minutes. 3.0 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging was used to measure visceral and subcutaneous fat volumes (VFV and SFV, respectively), intra-hepatic fat deposition (IHFD), and intra-pancreatic fat deposition (IPFD). Results: A total of 18 adults were randomised, with no drop-outs. There were no significant differences in plasma levels of asprosin and leptin (p = 0.808 and p = 0.907, respectively) between the KEβHB and placebo drinks. There was no effect of time, treatment, or interaction between time and treatment on asprosin and leptin. After stratification by the VFV/SFV ratio, IHFD, and IPFD, there were no differences in asprosin and leptin between the KEβHB and placebo drinks. Conclusion: Plasma levels of asprosin and leptin were not significantly affected by acute nutritional ketosis. Abdominal fat phenotypes did not significantly affect circulating levels of the two hormones. White adipose tissue does not appear to play a role in altering hormone levels during acute nutritional ketosis. The clinical trial registry number is NCT03889210 (https://clinicaltrials.gov).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanjali Charles
- School of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Yutong Liu
- School of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Wandia Kimita
- School of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Juyeon Ko
- School of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Sakina H Bharmal
- School of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Maxim S Petrov
- School of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Transcriptomics and Lipid Metabolomics Analysis of Subcutaneous, Visceral, and Abdominal Adipose Tissues of Beef Cattle. Genes (Basel) 2022; 14:genes14010037. [PMID: 36672778 PMCID: PMC9858949 DOI: 10.3390/genes14010037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Fat deposition traits are influenced by genetics and environment, which affect meat quality, growth rate, and energy metabolism of domestic animals. However, at present, the molecular mechanism of fat deposition is not entirely understood in beef cattle. Therefore, the current study conducted transcriptomics and lipid metabolomics analysis of subcutaneous, visceral, and abdominal adipose tissue (SAT, VAT, and AAT) of Huaxi cattle to investigate the differences among these adipose tissues and systematically explore how candidate genes interact with metabolites to affect fat deposition. These results demonstrated that compared with SAT, the gene expression patterns and metabolite contents of VAT and AAT were more consistent. Particularly, SCD expression, monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) and triglyceride (TG) content were higher in SAT, whereas PCK1 expression and the contents of saturated fatty acid (SFA), diacylglycerol (DG), and lysoglycerophosphocholine (LPC) were higher in VAT. Notably, in contrast to PCK1, 10 candidates including SCD, ELOVL6, ACACA, and FABP7 were identified to affect fat deposition through positively regulating MUFA and TG, and negatively regulating SFA, DG, and LPC. These findings uncovered novel gene resources and offered a theoretical basis for future investigation of fat deposition in beef cattle.
Collapse
|
39
|
Than WH, Chan GCK, Kwan BCH, Lai KB, Chan RCK, Teoh JYC, Ng JKC, Fung WWS, Chow KM, Cheng PMS, Law MC, Li PKT, Szeto CC. Circulating and Adipose Tissue Adiponectin Level and Outcomes in Incident Peritoneal Dialysis Patients. Kidney Med 2022; 5:100589. [PMID: 36793851 PMCID: PMC9922972 DOI: 10.1016/j.xkme.2022.100589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale & Objective Cardiovascular disease is the major cause of mortality and morbidity in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. Adiponectin, a key adipokine, is related to obesity and insulin resistance. We determined the clinical and prognostic value of plasma adiponectin level and its adipose tissue messenger RNA (mRNA) expression in new PD patients. Study Design Retrospective analysis of a prospective observational study. Setting & Participants 152 new PD patients from a single center; 6 adults undergoing abdominal surgeries without kidney disease served as controls. Predictors Plasma adiponectin level and its adipose tissue mRNA expression. Outcomes Body build and composition, patient and technique survival. Analytical Approach Adiponectin level and mRNA expression were grouped in quartiles for correlation analysis for body build and Cox regression for survival analysis. Results The median plasma adiponectin level was 31.98 μg/mL (IQR, 16.81-49.49 μg/mL), and adiponectin mRNA expression in adipose tissue was 1.65 times higher than in controls (IQR, 0.98-2.63). There was a modest but statistically significant correlation between plasma adiponectin and its adipose tissue mRNA expression (r = 0.40, P < 0.001). Plasma adiponectin level inversely correlated with body mass index, waist-hip ratio, mid-arm circumference, adipose tissue mass, plasma triglyceride (r = -0.39, -0.38, -0.41, -0.38, and -0.30, respectively; P < 0.001 for all), as well as serum insulin level (r = -0.24, P = 0.005). Similar correlations were present but less marked with adipose tissue adiponectin mRNA level. Neither plasma adiponectin level nor adipose tissue adiponectin mRNA level predicted patient or technique survival. Limitations Observational study, single center, single baseline measurement. Conclusions Plasma adiponectin level correlated with the degree of adiposity in new PD patients. However, neither plasma adiponectin level nor its adipose tissue mRNA expression was an independent prognostic indicator in kidney failure patients newly started on PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Win Hlaing Than
- Carol & Richard Yu Peritoneal Dialysis Research Centre, Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China,Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences (LiHS), Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Gordon Chun-Kau Chan
- Carol & Richard Yu Peritoneal Dialysis Research Centre, Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Bonnie Ching-Ha Kwan
- Carol & Richard Yu Peritoneal Dialysis Research Centre, Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ka-Bik Lai
- Carol & Richard Yu Peritoneal Dialysis Research Centre, Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ronald Cheong-Kin Chan
- Department of Anatomical & Cellular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jeromy Yuen Chun Teoh
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jack Kit-Chung Ng
- Carol & Richard Yu Peritoneal Dialysis Research Centre, Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Winston Wing-Shing Fung
- Carol & Richard Yu Peritoneal Dialysis Research Centre, Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kai-Ming Chow
- Carol & Richard Yu Peritoneal Dialysis Research Centre, Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Phyllis Mei-Shan Cheng
- Carol & Richard Yu Peritoneal Dialysis Research Centre, Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Man-Ching Law
- Carol & Richard Yu Peritoneal Dialysis Research Centre, Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Philip Kam-Tao Li
- Carol & Richard Yu Peritoneal Dialysis Research Centre, Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Cheuk-Chun Szeto
- Carol & Richard Yu Peritoneal Dialysis Research Centre, Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China,Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences (LiHS), Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China,Address for Correspondence: Cheuk-Chun Szeto, Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Liver-Derived Exosomes Induce Inflammation and Lipogenesis in Mice Fed High-Energy Diets. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14235124. [PMID: 36501154 PMCID: PMC9739891 DOI: 10.3390/nu14235124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The liver is an endocrine organ and is the first organ exposed to nutrients when they are absorbed into the body before being metabolized by the distal organs. Although the liver plays an essential role in the interactions between the metabolic organs, their regulatory mechanisms have not been elucidated. Exosomes mediate communication between cells and primarily enable the transport of lipids, mRNAs, miRNAs, and proteins between cells. In this study, we investigated the effects of lipid metabolism on the liver and adipose tissue between mice fed high-fat (HF) and high-fat/sucrose (HFS) diets and determined the effects of liver tissue-derived exosomes on adipocytes to understand the underlying mechanisms associated with obesity-related metabolic diseases. Normal, HF, and HFS diets were fed to the mice for 12 weeks to compare differences based on dietary patterns. We showed different lipid metabolism effects on the liver and adipose tissue between HF- and HFS-fed mice. In the liver, fibrosis, inflammation, and lipogenesis were activated at higher levels in the HFS than in the HF group, and lipolysis was activated at higher levels in the HF than in the HFS group. In adipose tissue, adipogenesis, fatty acid transport, and lipolysis were activated at higher levels in the HF than in the HFS group, and inflammation and lipogenesis were activated at higher levels in the HFS than in the HF group. This result followed a similar trend reported in 3T3-L1 cells treated with liver-derived exosomes. In addition, the TG content of the liver-derived exosomes was significantly higher, and lipid accumulation was accelerated in the HFS than in the HF group. Based on these results, continuous exposure to HF and HFS diets induces lipid accumulation mediated by liver-derived exosomes; however, there is a difference in lipid metabolism. These results contribute to the elucidation of the mechanisms of exosome function in relation to obesity-related metabolic diseases and the metabolic relationship between tissues.
Collapse
|
41
|
Sun J, Leng P, Li X, Guo Q, Zhao J, Liang Y, Zhang X, Yang X, Li J. Salvianolic acid A promotes mitochondrial biogenesis and mitochondrial function in 3T3-L1 adipocytes through regulation of the AMPK-PGC1α signalling pathway. Adipocyte 2022; 11:562-571. [PMID: 36053001 PMCID: PMC9450893 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2022.2116790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Decreased mitochondrial abundance and function were found in white adipose tissue (WAT) of T2DM patients. Therefore, promoting WAT mitochondrial biogenesis and improving adipocyte metabolism may be strategies to prevent and reverse T2DM. Salvianolic acid A (SAA) has been found to exert anti-diabetic and lipid disorder-improving effects. However whether SAA benefits mitochondrial biogenesis and function in adipose tissue is unclear. Here, we evaluated SAA's effect on mitochondrial biogenesis and function in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and investigated its potential regulatory mechanism. Results showed that SAA treatment significantly promoted the transcription and expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator- 1α (PGC-1α), nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF1) and mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM). Meanwhile, SAA treatment significantly promoted mitochondrial biogenesis by increasing mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) quantity, mitochondrial mass, and expression of mitochondrial respiratory chain enzyme complexes III and complex IV. These enhancements were accompanied by enhanced phosphorylation of AMPK and ACC and were suppressed by Compound C, a specific AMPK inhibitor. Furthermore, SAA treatment improved adipocytes mitochondrial respiration and stimulated ATP generation. These findings indicate that SAA exerts a potential therapeutic capacity against adipocytes mitochondrial dysfunction in diabetes by activating the AMPK-PGC-1α pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jialin Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China,CONTACT Jialin Sun
| | - Ping Leng
- Department of Pharmacy, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Pharmacy, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qie Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yu Liang
- Department of Pharmacy, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaolei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xue Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Pharmacy, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China,Jing Li Department of Pharmacy, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Shinan District, Qingdao266003, Shandong, China
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Zuo L, Li J, Zhang X, Geng Z, Song X, Wang Y, Ge S, Shi R, Zhou Y, Ge Y, Wu R, Hu J. Aberrant Mesenteric Adipose Extracellular Matrix Remodelling is Involved in Adipocyte Dysfunction in Crohn's Disease: The Role of TLR-4-mediated Macrophages. J Crohns Colitis 2022; 16:1762-1776. [PMID: 35708752 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjac087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Hypertrophic mesenteric adipose tissue [htMAT] is involved in the disease progression of Crohn's disease [CD] through expressing proinflammatory adipokines from dysfunctional adipocytes by unknown mechanism. Adipocyte function is affected by dynamic adipose tissue extracellular matrix [ECM] remodelling that is mainly mediated by macrophages, and our study aimed to reveal whether aberrant ECM remodelling was present in CD-htMAT and its effects on adipocyte dysfunction, as well as the mechanism. METHODS ECM remodelling was examined in MAT samples from CD patients and controls. Mice with dinitrobenzene sulphonic acid [DNBS]-induced colitis were used in vivo study, and lipopolysaccharide [LPS]-induced remodelling behaviour in macrophages was examined in vitro. Macrophages or TLR4 inhibition were used to analyse ECM remodelling mechanisms and their effects on adipocyte function. RESULTS Aberrant ECM remodelling: was observed in CD-htMAT, which was characterised by a widened and deformed ECM structure accompanied by dysregulated matrix synthesis and degradation; served as a reservoir for inflammatory factors/cells dominated by macrophages; and was involved in adipocyte dysfunction. In addition, macrophages were the main source of ECM remodelling regulatory factors with activation of Toll-like receptor 4 [TLR4] in htMAT. In vivo, macrophage depletion or TLR4 inhibition largely attenuated mesenteric ECM remodelling while improving mesenteric adipocyte dysfunction during chronic enteritis. In vitro, antagonizing TLR4 significantly inhibited LPS-induced macrophage ECM remodelling behavior. CONCLUSIONS The aberrant ECM remodelling in CD-htMAT contributed to mesenteric adipocyte dysfunction, which may be caused at least partly by TLR4-mediated macrophage remodelling behavior. Inhibiting ECM remodelling may be a potential therapeutic strategy for CD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lugen Zuo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhang
- Department of Central Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Zhijun Geng
- Department of Central Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Xue Song
- Department of Central Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Yueyue Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Sitang Ge
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Ruohan Shi
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Yueqing Zhou
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ge
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Rong Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Southeast University Zhongda Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianguo Hu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China.,Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Adipokines as Regulators of Autophagy in Obesity-Linked Cancer. Cells 2022; 11:cells11203230. [PMID: 36291097 PMCID: PMC9600294 DOI: 10.3390/cells11203230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Excess body weight and obesity have become significant risk factors for cancer development. During obesity, adipose tissue alters its biological function, deregulating the secretion of bioactive factors such as hormones, cytokines, and adipokines that promote an inflammatory microenvironment conducive to carcinogenesis and tumor progression. Adipokines regulate tumor processes such as apoptosis, proliferation, migration, angiogenesis, and invasion. Additionally, it has been found that they can modulate autophagy, a process implicated in tumor suppression in healthy tissue and cancer progression in established tumors. Since the tumor-promoting role of autophagy has been well described, the process has been suggested as a therapeutic target in cancer. However, the effects of targeting autophagy might depend on the tumor type and microenvironmental conditions, where circulating adipokines could influence the role of autophagy in cancer. Here, we review recent evidence related to the role of adipokines in cancer cell autophagy in an effort to understand the tumor response in the context of obesity under the assumption of an autophagy-targeting treatment.
Collapse
|
44
|
Zhang H, Sun L, Yu Y, Xin H, Wu L, Yang F, Liu J, Zhang Z. The associations between body composition and vital capacity index of medical students in Shenyang of China: a cross-sectional survey. BMC Pulm Med 2022; 22:373. [PMID: 36184644 PMCID: PMC9526916 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-022-02176-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to examine the associations between body composition and vital capacity index (VCI) among medical students of Shenyang, China.
Study design The design of this study is a cross-sectional study. Methods Participants were 2063 individuals (17–25 years) from a medical college in Shenyang, who participated in this survey from April to May 2017. Height, weight, fat mass (FM), fat free mass (FFM), protein mass (PM), total body water (TBW), mineral mass (MM), vital capacity were measured, then BMI and VCI were calculated. Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis was used to evaluate the effect of body composition on VCI of participants in different genders. In addition, subgroup analysis was carried out according to BMI levels. Results Male students showed significantly higher height, weight, BMI, FFM, PM, TBW, MM, VC, and VCI, but lower FM in comparison with female students. Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis showed that in both sexes FM was negatively correlated with VCI which represents pulmonary function (r < 0; P < 0.001). After dividing the whole participants by BMI, further correlation analysis showed FM was positively correlated with VCI only for male subgroups with BMI < 18.5 (r > 0; P = 0.050). Conclusion Overall, FM is highly negatively correlated with the VCI of Chinese medical students of both genders. However, there was a positive correlation between FM and VCI among low-weight male students.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Han Zhang
- School of Public Health, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, 110034, China
| | - Lu Sun
- Radiation Health Center, Liaoning Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenyang, 110015, China
| | - Ye Yu
- School of Public Health, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, 110034, China
| | - Hong Xin
- Physical Education Department, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, 110034, China
| | - Li Wu
- School of Public Health, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, 110034, China
| | - Fengmei Yang
- School of Public Health, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, 110034, China
| | - Jie Liu
- School of Public Health, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, 110034, China
| | - Zhuo Zhang
- School of Public Health, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, 110034, China.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Liu Z, Ding S, Jiang H, Fang J. Egg Protein Transferrin-Derived Peptides Irw (Lle-Arg-Trp) and Iqw (Lle-Gln-Trp) Prevent Obesity Mouse Model Induced by a High-Fat Diet via Reducing Lipid Deposition and Reprogramming Gut Microbiota. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911227. [PMID: 36232527 PMCID: PMC9569728 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Egg-derived peptides play important roles in insulin secretion and sensitivity, oxidative stress, and inflammation, suggesting their possible involvement in obesity management. Hence, the aim of this study is to explore the alleviating effects of IRW (lle-Arg-Trp) and IQW (lle-Gln-Trp) on obesity via the mouse model induced by a high-fat diet. The entire experimental period lasted eight weeks. The results demonstrated that IQW prevented weight gain (6.52%), decreased the glucose, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), malonaldehyde, triglycerides, total cholesterol (TC), and leptin levels, and increased the concentration of adiponectin (p < 0.05, n = 8). Although IRW failed to prevent weight gain, it reduced the concentration of glucose, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), LDL, and leptin, and increased the concentration of adiponectin (p < 0.05, n = 8). Moreover, IRW and IQW increased glucose tolerance and insulin resistance based on the results of the intraperitoneal glucose test and insulin tolerance test (p < 0.05, n = 8). The quantitative polymerase chain reaction results revealed that IRW and IQW downregulated the mRNA expression of DGAT1 (Diacylglycerol O-Acyltransferase 1), DGAT2 (Diacylglycerol O-Acyltransferase 2), TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β of liver tissue (p < 0.05, n = 8). The results of the 16S ribosomal RNA amplicon sequencing showed that IQW and IRW tended to reduce the relative abundance of Firmicutes and Parabacteroides, and that IRW enhanced the abundance of Bacteroides (p < 0.05, n = 8). Collectively, IRW and IQW supplementation could alleviate the progression of obesity due to the fact that the supplementation reduced lipid deposition, maintained energy balance, and reprogrammed gut microbiota.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuangzhuang Liu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Sujuan Ding
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Hongmei Jiang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Jun Fang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-731-8461-3600
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Exenatide increases CTRP3 gene expression in adipose cells by inhibiting adipogenesis and induces apoptosis. Toxicol In Vitro 2022; 85:105479. [PMID: 36152787 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2022.105479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Considering the rapidly increasing prevalence of obesity worldwide, the number of weight control drugs is very few. Incretin-based therapies are currently being developed to achieve weight control, and Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists (GLP-1RA) are used in incretin-based therapies. This study aimed to investigate the cytotoxicity of exenatide, a GLP-1A, on 3T3-L1 adipocytes and the effect of exenatide on the expression of adipogenesis-related genes, insulin and glucose levels, and apoptosis. Cytotoxic activity of exenatide on 3T3-L1 adipocytes was determined by MTT method. Gene expression levels were determined by qPCR. Apoptosis studies were performed on the Muse Cell Analyzer. C1q/TNF-related protein-3 (CTRP3) expression levels were found to be higher in exenatide treated adipocyte cells than in control cells (p < 0.001). Adipocyte cells treated with exenatide were found to have lower PPAR-γ gene expression levels when compared to control adipocyte cells (p < 0.001). Intracellular insulin (p < 0.001) and glucose levels were higher in 3T3-L1 adipocytes treated with exenatide compared to control adipocyte cells. Total apoptosis increased approximately 1.5 times as a result of exenatide administration. The increase in CTRP3 gene expression, which is thought to be a new biomarker for obesity, and the decrease in PPAR-γ gene expression indicate that exenatide is a promising new pharmacotherapeutic agent in the treatment of obesity by regulating the expression of genes related to adipogenesis and lipogenesis and inducing apoptosis.
Collapse
|
47
|
Effects of Vitamin D Supplementation on Adipose Tissue Inflammation and NF-κB/AMPK Activation in Obese Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810915. [PMID: 36142842 PMCID: PMC9506068 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue expansion is strongly associated with increased adipose macrophage infiltration and adipocyte-derived pro-inflammatory cytokines, contributing to obesity-associated low-grade inflammation. Individuals with vitamin D deficiency have an increased prevalence of obesity and increased circulating inflammatory cytokines. However, the effect of vitamin D supplementation on obesity-induced inflammation remains controversial. Male C57BL/6J mice received a low-fat (10% fat) or high-fat (HF, 60% fat diet) containing 1000 IU vitamin D/kg diet, or HF supplemented with 10,000 IU vitamin D/kg diet for 16 weeks (n = 9/group). Vitamin D supplementation did not decrease HF-increased body weight but attenuated obesity-induced adipose hypertrophy and macrophage recruitment as demonstrated by the number of crown-like structures. Vitamin D supplementation significantly reduced the mRNA expression of CD11c, CD68, and iNOS, specific for inflammatory M1-like macrophages, and decreased serum levels of NO. In addition, significant reductions in pro-inflammatory gene expression of IL-6, MCP-1, and TNFα and mRNA levels of ASC-1, CASP1, and IL-1β involved in NLRP3 inflammasome were found in obese mice supplemented with vitamin D. Vitamin D supplementation significantly increased obesity-decreased AMPK activity and suppressed HF-increased NF-κB phosphorylation in adipose tissue from obese mice. These observed beneficial effects of vitamin D supplementation on adipose tissue expansion, macrophage recruitment, and inflammation might be related to AMPK/NF-κB signaling.
Collapse
|
48
|
Zhou Q, Zhang F, Kerbl-Knapp J, Korbelius M, Kuentzel KB, Vujić N, Akhmetshina A, Hörl G, Paar M, Steyrer E, Kratky D, Madl T. Phosphatidylethanolamine N-Methyltransferase Knockout Modulates Metabolic Changes in Aging Mice. Biomolecules 2022; 12:1270. [PMID: 36139111 PMCID: PMC9496051 DOI: 10.3390/biom12091270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Phospholipid metabolism, including phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, is crucial for various biological functions and is associated with longevity. Phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PEMT) is a protein that catalyzes the biosynthesis of PC, the levels of which change in various organs such as the brain and kidneys during aging. However, the role of PEMT for systemic PC supply is not fully understood. To address how PEMT affects aging-associated energy metabolism in tissues responsible for nutrient absorption, lipid storage, and energy consumption, we employed NMR-based metabolomics to study the liver, plasma, intestine (duodenum, jejunum, and ileum), brown/white adipose tissues (BAT and WAT), and skeletal muscle of young (9-10 weeks) and old (91-132 weeks) wild-type (WT) and PEMT knockout (KO) mice. We found that the effect of PEMT-knockout was tissue-specific and age-dependent. A deficiency of PEMT affected the metabolome of all tissues examined, among which the metabolome of BAT from both young and aged KO mice was dramatically changed in comparison to the WT mice, whereas the metabolome of the jejunum was only slightly affected. As for aging, the absence of PEMT increased the divergence of the metabolome during the aging of the liver, WAT, duodenum, and ileum and decreased the impact on skeletal muscle. Overall, our results suggest that PEMT plays a previously underexplored, critical role in both aging and energy metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qishun Zhou
- Research Unit Integrative Structural Biology, Division of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Fangrong Zhang
- Research Unit Integrative Structural Biology, Division of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Jakob Kerbl-Knapp
- Research Unit Integrative Structural Biology, Division of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Melanie Korbelius
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Katharina Barbara Kuentzel
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Nemanja Vujić
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Alena Akhmetshina
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Gerd Hörl
- Otto-Loewi Research Center, Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Margret Paar
- Otto-Loewi Research Center, Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Ernst Steyrer
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Dagmar Kratky
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Tobias Madl
- Research Unit Integrative Structural Biology, Division of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Sinha S, Haque M. Obesity, Diabetes Mellitus, and Vascular Impediment as Consequences of Excess Processed Food Consumption. Cureus 2022; 14:e28762. [PMID: 36105908 PMCID: PMC9441778 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.28762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Regular intake of ready-to-eat meals is related to obesity and several noninfectious illnesses, such as cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, diabetes mellitus (DM), and tumors. Processed foods contain high calories and are often enhanced with excess refined sugar, saturated and trans fat, Na+ andphosphate-containing taste enhancers, and preservatives. Studies showed that monosodium glutamate (MSG) induces raised echelons of oxidative stress, and excessive hepatic lipogenesis is concomitant to obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Likewise, more than standard salt intake adversely affects the cardiovascular system, renal system, and central nervous system (CNS), especially the brain. Globally, excessive utilization of phosphate-containing preservatives and additives contributes unswervingly to excessive phosphate intake through food. In addition, communities and even health experts, including medical doctors, are not well-informed about the adverse effects of phosphate preservatives on human health. Dietary phosphate excess often leads to phosphate toxicity, ultimately potentiating kidney disease development. The mechanisms involved in phosphate-related adverse effects are not explainable. Study reports suggested that high blood level of phosphate causes vascular ossification through the deposition of Ca2+ and substantially alters fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF23) and calcitriol.
Collapse
|
50
|
Obesity-Related Neuroinflammation: Magnetic Resonance and Microscopy Imaging of the Brain. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158790. [PMID: 35955925 PMCID: PMC9368789 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a major risk factor of Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias. The principal feature of dementia is a loss of neurons and brain atrophy. The mechanistic links between obesity and the neurodegenerative processes of dementias are not fully understood, but recent research suggests that obesity-related systemic inflammation and subsequent neuroinflammation may be involved. Adipose tissues release multiple proinflammatory molecules (fatty acids and cytokines) that impact blood and vessel cells, inducing low-grade systemic inflammation that can transition to tissues, including the brain. Inflammation in the brain—neuroinflammation—is one of key elements of the pathobiology of neurodegenerative disorders; it is characterized by the activation of microglia, the resident immune cells in the brain, and by the structural and functional changes of other cells forming the brain parenchyma, including neurons. Such cellular changes have been shown in animal models with direct methods, such as confocal microscopy. In humans, cellular changes are less tangible, as only indirect methods such as magnetic resonance (MR) imaging are usually used. In these studies, obesity and low-grade systemic inflammation have been associated with lower volumes of the cerebral gray matter, cortex, and hippocampus, as well as altered tissue MR properties (suggesting microstructural variations in cellular and molecular composition). How these structural variations in the human brain observed using MR imaging relate to the cellular variations in the animal brain seen with microscopy is not well understood. This review describes the current understanding of neuroinflammation in the context of obesity-induced systemic inflammation, and it highlights need for the bridge between animal microscopy and human MR imaging studies.
Collapse
|