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Suorsa K, Leskinen T, Gupta N, Andersen LL, Pasanen J, Hettiarachchi P, Johansson PJ, Pentti J, Vahtera J, Stenholm S. Longitudinal Associations between 24-h Movement Behaviors and Cardiometabolic Biomarkers: A Natural Experiment over Retirement. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2024; 56:1297-1306. [PMID: 38415991 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000003415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep, that is, 24-h movement behaviors, often change in the transition from work to retirement, which may affect cardiometabolic health. This study investigates the longitudinal associations between changes in 24-h movement behaviors and cardiometabolic biomarkers during the retirement transition. METHODS Retiring public sector workers ( n = 212; mean (SD) age, 63.5 (1.1) yr) from the Finnish Retirement and Aging study used a thigh-worn Axivity accelerometer and filled out a diary to obtain data on daily time spent in sedentary behavior (SED), light physical activity (LPA), and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), and sleep before and after retirement (1 yr in-between). Cardiometabolic biomarkers, including LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, total/HDL-cholesterol ratio, triglycerides, C-reactive protein, fasting glucose, and insulin, were measured. Associations between changes in 24-h movement behaviors and cardiometabolic biomarkers were analyzed using compositional robust regression and isotemporal substitution analysis. RESULTS Increasing LPA in relation to remaining behaviors was associated with an increase in HDL-cholesterol and decrease in total/HDL-cholesterol ratio ( P < 0.05 for both). For instance, reallocation of 30 min from sleep/SED to LPA was associated with an increase in HDL-cholesterol by 0.02 mmol·L -1 . Moreover, increasing MVPA in relation to remaining behaviors was associated with a decrease in triglycerides ( P = 0.02). Reallocation of 30 min from SED/sleep to MVPA was associated with 0.07-0.08 mmol·L -1 decrease in triglycerides. Findings related to LDL-cholesterol, C-reactive protein, fasting glucose, and insulin were less conclusive. CONCLUSIONS During the transition from work to retirement, increasing physical activity at the expense of passive behaviors was associated with a better lipid profile. Our findings suggest that life transitions like retirement could be utilized more as an optimal time window for promoting physical activity and health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nidhi Gupta
- Department of Musculoskeletal Disorders and Physical Work Load, National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, DENMARK
| | - Lars L Andersen
- Department of Musculoskeletal Disorders and Physical Work Load, National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, DENMARK
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Fröberg A, Sacco L, Suorsa K, Leskinen T, Hettiarachchi P, Svartengren M, Stenholm S, Westerlund H. Changes in Accelerometer-Measured Physical Activity and Sedentary Time Across Retirement Transition as a Predictor of Self-Rated Health. J Phys Act Health 2024:1-9. [PMID: 38702051 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2023-0558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retirement transition has been shown to associate with changes in physical activity (PA) and self-rated health (SRH), but their interrelationship is less studied. The aim was to investigate changes in accelerometer-measured total PA, moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA), and sedentary time across retirement transition as a predictor of SRH. METHODS Data from the Swedish Retirement Study and the Finnish Retirement and Aging study were harmonized and pooled. Data from 3 waves (about 12 mo apart) were included: 1 preretirement (wave 1) and 2 postretirement follow-ups (wave 2-3). A totally of 245 participants (27% men) were included. Thigh-worn accelerometers were used to collect data for PA variables (wave 1-2), and SRH was obtained from the questionnaire (wave 1-3). RESULTS Between wave 1 and 2, total PA decreased with 11 (CI, -22 to -1) minutes per day, MVPA was stable (0 [CI, -3 to 3] min), and sedentary time decreased nonsignificantly with 9 (CI, -20 to 1) minutes. SRH changed between all 3 waves (all P < .001). At preretirement, 10 more minutes of MVPA was associated with greater odds of better SRH when adjusting for accelerometer wear-time, cohort, sex, age, and occupational status (odds ratio: 1.11 [95% CI, 1.02-1.22]). This association was no longer statistically significant when additionally adjusting for marital status, body mass index, and smoking. No significant associations were observed between changes in the PA variables during retirement transition and SRH at postretirement follow-ups. CONCLUSIONS This study showed a cross-sectional association between MVPA and greater odds of reporting better SRH before retirement. No longitudinal associations were observed between changes in the PA variables from before to after retirement and later changes in SRH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Fröberg
- Department of Food and Nutrition, and Sport Science, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lawrence Sacco
- Stress Research Institute, Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kristin Suorsa
- Department of Public Health, University of Turku, and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Center for Population Health Research, University of Turku, and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Tuija Leskinen
- Department of Public Health, University of Turku, and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Center for Population Health Research, University of Turku, and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Magnus Svartengren
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sari Stenholm
- Department of Public Health, University of Turku, and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Center for Population Health Research, University of Turku, and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Hugo Westerlund
- Stress Research Institute, Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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Hopkins J, McVeigh JA, Hill KD, Burton E. Physical Activity Levels and Sedentary Behavior of People Living With Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Cross-Sectional Study Using Thigh-Worn Accelerometers. J Aging Phys Act 2024:1-11. [PMID: 38684211 DOI: 10.1123/japa.2023-0176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Community-dwelling people with Mild Cognitive Impairment self-reporting not to be meeting recommended physical activity levels participated in this study to (a) determine compliance of wearing (thigh-worn) accelerometers, (b) describe physical activity levels and sedentary behavior, and (c) determine the validity of the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE) compared with activPAL accelerometers. A total of 79 people had valid accelerometer data (median [interquartile range]: age, 71 [54-75] years). Compliance was 86.81%. Participants were sedentary for 10.6 hr per day and engaged in a median of 9 min per day of moderate-intensity physical activity. Fair correlations were found between the PASE and total stepping time per day (r = .35, p < .01), total number of steps per day (r = .36, p < .01), and number of steps in stepping activities completed for ≤1 min (r = .42, p < .01). The PASE and Standing time (r = .04, p = .724) and PASE and Sitting time (r = .04, p = .699) had little to no relationship. The use of thigh-worn accelerometers for this population is achievable. People with Mild Cognitive Impairment have high levels of sedentary behavior and minimal engagement in moderate-intensity physical activity. The PASE has fair, positive criterion validity with activity-based outcomes measured by activPAL accelerometers but not with sedentary behavior, which is high for this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Hopkins
- Curtin School of Allied Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Joanne A McVeigh
- Curtin School of Allied Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
- Movement Physiology Laboratory, School of Physiology, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- enAble Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Keith D Hill
- Rehabilitation, Ageing and Independent Living (RAIL) Research Center, Monash University, Frankston, VIC, Australia
- National Center for Healthy Ageing, Monash University and Peninsula Health, Frankston, VIC, Australia
| | - Elissa Burton
- Curtin School of Allied Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
- enAble Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
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Gustafsson MEAK, Schiøttz-Christensen B, Petersen TL, Jepsen R, Wedderkopp N, Brønd JC, O'Neill SFD. Walking performance in individuals with lumbar spinal stenosis- possible outcome measures and assessment of known-group validity. Spine J 2024:S1529-9430(24)00115-3. [PMID: 38499067 DOI: 10.1016/j.spinee.2024.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CONTEXT One of the primary goals of treatments received by individuals with lumbar spinal stenosis with neurogenic claudication is to improve walking ability. Thus, a thorough and valid assessment of walking ability in patients with lumbar spinal stenosis is needed. Duration of continuous walking and steps per day could be relevant when evaluating walking ability in daily living. PURPOSE To describe and evaluate a method for estimating continuous walking periods in daily living and to evaluate the known-group validity of steps per day in individuals with lumbar spinal stenosis. STUDY DESIGN This is a cross-sectional observational study. PATIENT SAMPLE The study contains three study groups: individuals with lumbar spinal stenosis, individuals with low back pain, and a background population from the Lolland-Falster Health Study (LOFUS). OUTCOME MEASURES Participants in all three study groups wore an accelerometer on the thigh for seven days. METHODS Accelerometer data were processed to summarize the continuous walking periods according to their length: the number of short (4-9 seconds), moderate (10-89 seconds), and extended (≥90 seconds) continuous walking periods per day, and the number of steps per day. Results from the three groups were compared using negative binomial regression with lumbar spinal stenosis as the reference level. RESULTS Continuous walking periods of moderate length were observed 1.48 (95% CI 1.27, 1.72) times more often in individuals from the background population than in individuals with LSS. Continuous walking periods of extended length were observed 1.53 (95% CI 1.13, 2.06) times more often by individuals with low back pain and 1.60 (95% CI 1.29, 1.99) times more often by individuals from the background population. The number of steps per day was 1.22 (95% CI 1.03, 1.46) times larger in individuals with LBP and 1.35 (95% CI 1.20, 1.53) times larger in individuals from background population. CONCLUSIONS The impact of neurogenic claudication on walking ability in daily living seems possible to describe by continuous walking periods along with steps per day. The results support known-group validity of steps per day. This is the next step toward a clinically relevant and comprehensive assessment of walking in daily living in individuals with lumbar spinal stenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malin Eleonora Av Kák Gustafsson
- Medical Research Unit, Spine Center of Southern Denmark, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Østre Hougvej 55, 5500 Middelfart, Denmark; Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense, Denmark.
| | - Berit Schiøttz-Christensen
- Research Unit of General Practice, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsløws Vej 9A, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
| | - Therese Lockenwitz Petersen
- Centre for Epidemiological Research, Nykøbing Falster Hospital, Strandboulevarden 64, 4800 Nykøbing Falster, Denmark
| | - Randi Jepsen
- Centre for Epidemiological Research, Nykøbing Falster Hospital, Strandboulevarden 64, 4800 Nykøbing Falster, Denmark
| | - Niels Wedderkopp
- Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense, Denmark; Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Jan Christian Brønd
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Søren Francis Dyhrberg O'Neill
- Medical Research Unit, Spine Center of Southern Denmark, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Østre Hougvej 55, 5500 Middelfart, Denmark; Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense, Denmark
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Stenholm S, Suorsa K, Leskinen T, Myllyntausta S, Pulakka A, Pentti J, Vahtera J. Finnish Retirement and Aging Study: a prospective cohort study. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e076976. [PMID: 38072496 PMCID: PMC10729264 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-076976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The Finnish Retirement and Aging (FIREA) Study was set up to study changes in health behavioural and cardiometabolic risk factors across retirement transition, and to examine the long-term consequences of work and retirement on health and functioning with advancing age. PARTICIPANTS Public sector workers whose estimated statutory retirement date was in 2014-2019 were invited to participate by sending them a questionnaire 18 months prior to their estimated retirement date. In the first phase of the FIREA Study, participants were followed up with annual surveys, accelerometer and clinical measurements during retirement transition into post-retirement years. The FIREA survey cohort includes 6783 participants, of which 908 belong also to the activity substudy and 290 to the clinical substudy. FINDINGS TO DATE Collected data include survey measures about health, lifestyle factors, psychosocial distress, work-related factors as well as retirement intentions. Accelerometer and GPS devices are used to measure 24-hour movement behaviours. Clinical examination includes blood and hair sample, measurements of anthropometry, cardiovascular function, physical fitness, physical and cognitive function. Our results suggest that in general retirement transition seems to have beneficial influence on health behaviours as well as on physical and mental health, but there are large individual differences, and certain behaviours such as sedentariness tend to increase especially among those retiring from manual occupations. FUTURE PLANS The second phase of the FIREA Study will be conducted during 2023-2025, when participants are 70 years old. The FIREA Study welcomes research collaboration proposals that fall within the general aims of the project.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sari Stenholm
- Department of Public Health, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Research Services, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Kristin Suorsa
- Department of Public Health, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Tuija Leskinen
- Department of Public Health, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Saana Myllyntausta
- Department of Psychology and Speech-Language Pathology, Turun Yliopisto, Turku, Finland
| | - Anna Pulakka
- Research Unit of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Population Health Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaana Pentti
- Department of Public Health, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Clinicum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jussi Vahtera
- Department of Public Health, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
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Poulsen VR, Baumann M, Korshøj M. The association between number of steps and the ambulatory blood pressure during leisure vs. work hours among cleaners. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2023; 96:1373-1381. [PMID: 37851100 PMCID: PMC10635965 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-023-02015-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The physical activity paradox states occupational physical activity (OPA) to be hazardous and leisure time physical activity (LTPA) to be beneficial for health. Yet, the acute effects of OPA and LTPA on cardiovascular risk factors are sparsely investigated. The aim of this study was to investigate the acute effects on ambulatory blood pressure (ABP) from steps/hour during work and leisure time among cleaners. METHODS Data were obtained from a cluster randomized worksite intervention among 91 cleaners in Denmark and included a questionnaire, objective physical measurements, ABP (measured across 24 h), and steps/hour (measured during work and leisure time). A preliminary linear regression analysis was conducted as a mixed model including random intercept and slope, allowing for both within- and between-participant variability. We adjusted for sex, age, job seniority, medication use, smoking, self-reported fitness and BMI. Changes in ABP (mmHg) were estimated per 100 steps/hour. RESULTS The number of steps taken was not associated with ABP during either work or leisure. Moreover, the ABP did not seem to differ between exposure to steps taken during work (systolic - 0.42 mmHg, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): - 1.10-0.25, diastolic - 0.03 mmHg, 95% CI, - 0.45-0.39) and leisure time (systolic -0.47 mmHg, 95% CI, - 1.66-0.72, diastolic 0.25 mmHg, 95% CI, - 0.46-0.97). CONCLUSION Our findings show no significant association between steps/hour and ABP and no contrasting effects between work and leisure time. These mechanisms fostering the divergent results need to be further investigated to improve the understanding of the physical activity paradox.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mathilde Baumann
- Department of Occupational and Social Medicine, Hospital Holbæk, Holbæk, Denmark
| | - Mette Korshøj
- Department of Occupational and Social Medicine, Hospital Holbæk, Holbæk, Denmark
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Blodgett JM, Ahmadi M, Stamatakis E, Rockwood K, Hamer M. Fractal complexity of daily physical activity and cognitive function in a midlife cohort. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20340. [PMID: 37990028 PMCID: PMC10663528 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47200-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
High stability of fluctuation in physiological patterns across fixed time periods suggest healthy fractal complexity, while greater randomness in fluctuation patterns may indicate underlying disease processes. The importance of fractal stability in mid-life remains unexplored. We quantified fractal regulation patterns in 24-h accelerometer data and examined associations with cognitive function in midlife. Data from 5097 individuals (aged 46) from the 1970 British Cohort Study were analyzed. Participants wore thigh-mounted accelerometers for seven days and completed cognitive tests (verbal fluency, memory, processing speed; derived composite z-score). Detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) was used to examine temporal correlations of acceleration magnitude across 25 time scales (range: 1 min-10 h). Linear regression examined associations between DFA scaling exponents (DFAe) and each standardised cognitive outcome. DFAe was normally distributed (mean ± SD: 0.90 ± 0.06; range: 0.72-1.25). In males, a 0.10 increase in DFAe was associated with a 0.30 (95% Confidence Interval: 0.14, 0.47) increase in composite cognitive z-score in unadjusted models; associations were strongest for verbal fluency (0.10 [0.04, 0.16]). Associations remained in fully-adjusted models for verbal fluency only (0.06 [0.00, 0.12]). There was no association between DFA and cognition in females. Greater fractal stability in men was associated with better cognitive function. This could indicate mechanisms through which fractal complexity may scale up to and contribute to cognitive clinical endpoints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna M Blodgett
- Institute of Sport Exercise and Health, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Matthew Ahmadi
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Mackenzie Wearables Research Hub, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Emmanuel Stamatakis
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Mackenzie Wearables Research Hub, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kenneth Rockwood
- Geriatric Medicine Research, Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Mark Hamer
- Institute of Sport Exercise and Health, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
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Suorsa K, Gupta N, Leskinen T, Andersen LL, Pasanen J, Hettiarachchi P, Johansson PJ, Pentti J, Vahtera J, Stenholm S. Modifications of 24-h movement behaviors to prevent obesity in retirement: a natural experiment using compositional data analysis. Int J Obes (Lond) 2023; 47:922-930. [PMID: 37221289 PMCID: PMC10511314 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-023-01326-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retirement often leads to a more passive lifestyle and may therefore lead to weight gain. This study aims to investigate longitudinal associations between changes in 24-h movement behaviors and BMI and waist circumference in relation to the transition from work to retirement. METHODS The study population included 213 retiring public sector workers (mean age 63.5 years, standard deviation 1.1) from the Finnish Retirement and Aging study. Before and after retirement participants wore an Axivity accelerometer on their thigh and filled in a daily log for at least four days to measure daily time spent sleeping, in sedentary behavior (SED), light physical activity (LPA) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Also, their body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference were measured repeatedly. Compositional linear regression analysis and isotemporal substitution analysis were used to study associations between one-year changes in 24-h movement behaviors and concurrent changes in BMI and waist circumference. RESULTS An increase in MVPA in relation to sleep, SED and LPA was associated with a decreasing BMI (β = -0.60, p = 0.04) and waist circumference (β = -2.14, p = 0.05) over one year from before retirement to after retirement. In contrast, increasing sleep in relation to SED, LPA and MVPA was associated with an increasing BMI (β = 1.34, p = 0.02). Reallocating 60 min from MVPA to SED or sleep was estimated to increase BMI by on average 0.8-0.9 kg/m2 and waist circumference by 3.0 cm during one year. CONCLUSIONS During the transition from work to retirement, increasing MVPA was associated with a slight decrease in BMI and waist circumference, whereas increasing sleep was associated with an increasing BMI. Common life transitions, like retirement, should be considered when giving recommendations and guidance for physical activity and sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Suorsa
- Department of Public Health, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
| | - Nidhi Gupta
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tuija Leskinen
- Department of Public Health, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Lars L Andersen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jesse Pasanen
- Department of Public Health, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Pasan Hettiarachchi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Peter J Johansson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jaana Pentti
- Department of Public Health, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Clinicum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jussi Vahtera
- Department of Public Health, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Sari Stenholm
- Department of Public Health, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
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Wei L, Ahmadi MN, Chan H, Chastin S, Hamer M, Mishra GD, Stamatakis E. Association between device-measured stepping behaviors and cardiometabolic health markers in middle-aged women: The Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2023; 33:1384-1398. [PMID: 36999303 PMCID: PMC10947396 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
The associations between different types and contexts of stepping behaviors and cardiometabolic (CM) health markers are unclear. This study aimed to examine the associations of daily total, walking, stair, incidental and purposeful steps with cardiometabolic risk. A total of 943 women (mean age ± SD = 44.1 ± 1.6 years) from the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health (ALSWH) were included in this cross-sectional study. Daily total, walking, stair, incidental, and purposeful steps were measured using thigh-worn accelerometry. Outcomes comprised of CM markers of adiposity, blood pressure, resting heart rate, lipids, glycaemia, and the composite CM score. We used generalized linear modeling and multiple linear regression to assess the associations. We observed that all stepping behaviors were beneficial to CM health, for example, compared to the lowest quartile (Q1), the change of the composite CM score across low to high quartile of purposeful steps was -0.12 (Q2, 95% CI: -0.41, 0.17), -0.16 (Q3, -0.46, 0.14), and -0.36 (Q4, -0.66, -0.05). Stair steps showed linear associations with blood pressure and adiposity biomarkers, for example, the change of quartile of waist circumference was -1.45 cm (Q2, -4.35, 1.44), -3.56 cm (Q3, -6.52, -0.60), and -7.08 cm (Q4, -10.31, -3.86). Peak 30-min walking intensity showed independent association with adiposity biomarkers (p linear < 0.001 and p = 0.002 for waist circumference and BMI, respectively). Our study showed that all stepping forms were beneficial to CM health. Higher stair steps and peak 30-min walking cadence were associated with a steep decline of adiposity biomarkers. Purposeful steps showed more consistent associations with CM biomarkers than incidental steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Wei
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and HealthUniversity of SydneySydneyAustralia
| | - Matthew N. Ahmadi
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and HealthUniversity of SydneySydneyAustralia
| | - Hsiu‐Wen Chan
- School of Public HealthThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
| | - Sebastien Chastin
- School of Health and Life ScienceGlasgow Caledonian UniversityGlasgowUK
- Department of Movement and Sports ScienceGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
| | - Mark Hamer
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, Institute of Sport Exercise and HealthUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Gita D. Mishra
- School of Public HealthThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
| | - Emmanuel Stamatakis
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and HealthUniversity of SydneySydneyAustralia
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Horn J, Kolberg M, Rangul V, Magnussen EB, Åsvold BO, Henriksen HB, Blomhoff R, Seely EW, Rich-Edwards J. Feasibility of a Postpartum Web- and Phone-Based Lifestyle Program for Women with a History of Preeclampsia or Gestational Diabetes: A Pilot Intervention Study. WOMEN'S HEALTH REPORTS (NEW ROCHELLE, N.Y.) 2023; 4:345-357. [PMID: 37485436 PMCID: PMC10357112 DOI: 10.1089/whr.2023.0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Background Women with a history of preeclampsia (PE) or gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are at increased risk of diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD) later in life. Increased awareness of pregnancy complications as early warning signs for CVD has called for postpartum primordial prevention strategies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of a postpartum web- and phone-based lifestyle program promoting healthy lifestyle behaviors to women after a pregnancy complicated by PE or GDM. Materials and Methods Women with a validated history of PE or GDM were invited to participate in a nonrandomized pilot intervention study 3-12 months after delivery. The intervention was delivered over 6 months. All participants received tailored lifestyle counseling by a registered dietitian and access to information material on healthy lifestyle behaviors on the study's website. After inclusion, participants were invited to three study visits at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months. Feasibility outcomes included assessment of recruitment, retention, and acceptability. Secondary outcomes were changes in lifestyle behaviors and cardiovascular risk factors. Results Of the 207 women invited, 44 were enrolled in the feasibility study and 40 women completed the intervention, corresponding to a recruitment rate of 21% and a retention rate of 91%. At the 3-month study visit, 94.6% of participants reported they had used the website. A total of 41.7% of the participants reported that they had achieved their personal goals during the intervention period. Conclusions This study suggested the feasibility and potential acceptability of a web- and phone-based lifestyle intervention for mothers with recent PE or GDM. Clinical Trial Registration clinicaltrials.gov, www.clinicaltrials.gov, no. NCT03993145.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Horn
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger, Norway
| | - Marit Kolberg
- Center for Oral Health Services and Research, Mid-Norway (TkMidt), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Vegar Rangul
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Faculty of Nursing and Health Sciences, Nord University, Levanger, Norway
| | - Elisabeth B. Magnussen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Bjørn Olav Åsvold
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Endocrinology, Clinic of Medicine, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Hege B. Henriksen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Rune Blomhoff
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Cancer Medicine, Department of Clinic Service, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ellen W. Seely
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Janet Rich-Edwards
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Women's Health, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Connors Center for Women's Health and Gender Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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11
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Tjøsvoll SO, Steiro Fimland M, Gonzalez V, Seeberg TM, Holtermann A, Færevik H, Wiggen Ø. Physical Work Demands of Maintenance Workers on Onshore Petroleum Facilities in Norway: An Observational Study Utilizing Wearable Sensor Technology. Ann Work Expo Health 2023; 67:706-719. [PMID: 37171985 PMCID: PMC10324642 DOI: 10.1093/annweh/wxad022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES High physical work demands can cause musculoskeletal disorders and sick leave in petroleum workers. However, our knowledge of their physical work demands is scarce and based on self-report. The objective of our study is to work towards closing this knowledge gap by assessing the physical work demands of onshore petroleum maintenance workers using body-worn sensors. METHODS A total of 46 of 69 eligible maintenance workers (37 mechanics and 9 process technicians) from three onshore petroleum facilities in Norway filled in a questionnaire and diary and wore five accelerometers and a heart rate sensor for up to six consecutive workdays. Work-related physical activity and postures were classified using rule-based modelling in a modified version of the validated Acti4 software. RESULTS The onshore maintenance petroleum workers were working an average of 10 h a day and spent on average this time with 48% (SD = 16.5) sitting, 1% (SD = 2.8) lying down, 39% (SD = 16.2) in light physical activity, and 9% (SD = 3.8) in moderate to vigorous physical activity. During work hours while at feet, we found arm elevation ≥60° to be 11% (SD = 7.1) (68 min), and forward bending of the trunk ≥60° to be 2% (SD = 2.2) (14 min). The workers spent 2% (SD = 2.5) (12 minu) of the workhours kneeling. We observed a high inter-individual variation for all these work exposures. Moreover, 26% (12) of the workers conducted static standing for >30% of the workday, and 17% (8) spent more than half of the work hours >33% of their estimated maximal cardiovascular capacity. CONCLUSIONS While onshore maintenance petroleum workers on average spend about half of the workday sitting or lying down, the remaining worktime is spent with a rather high duration of arm elevation and forward bending. Quite high fraction of the workers spends much of the workhours in static standing and kneeling. We see a substantial variation in these work exposures between the workers. The findings indicate a need for preventive measures in how work is organized and performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svein O Tjøsvoll
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Edvard Griegs gate 8, Trondheim N-7491, Norway
| | - Marius Steiro Fimland
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Edvard Griegs gate 8, Trondheim N-7491, Norway
- Unicare Helsefort Rehabilitation Centre, Rissa, Hysnesveien 11, 7112 Hasselvika, Norway
| | - Victor Gonzalez
- Department of Smart Sensor and Microsystems, SINTEF Digital, SINTEF AS, Dept. of Health Research, P.O. Box 124 Blindern, NO-0314 Oslo, Norway
| | - Trine M Seeberg
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Edvard Griegs gate 8, Trondheim N-7491, Norway
- Department of Smart Sensor and Microsystems, SINTEF Digital, SINTEF AS, Dept. of Health Research, P.O. Box 124 Blindern, NO-0314 Oslo, Norway
| | - Andreas Holtermann
- Department of Musculoskeletal Disorders and Physical Workload, National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hilde Færevik
- Department of Health Research, SINTEF Digital, SINTEF AS, P.O. Box 4760 Torgaarden, NO-7465 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Øystein Wiggen
- Department of Health Research, SINTEF Digital, SINTEF AS, P.O. Box 4760 Torgaarden, NO-7465 Trondheim, Norway
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12
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Barbieri DF, Brusaca LA, Mathiassen SE, Oliveira AB, Srinivasan D. Do Sit-Stand Tables Affect Physical Behavior and Body Composition Similarly in Normal-Weight and Overweight Office Workers? A Pilot Study. IISE Trans Occup Ergon Hum Factors 2023; 11:81-93. [PMID: 37982162 DOI: 10.1080/24725838.2023.2281964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
OCCUPATIONAL APPLICATIONSSedentary behavior is a significant health concern among office workers. We completed the same 6-month sit-stand table intervention at work for groups of normal-weight and overweight workers, and compared it to not having sit-stand tables. The intervention caused the intended decrease in sitting time in both groups and a corresponding increase in standing. We did not find compensation effects on physical behavior outside of work. Furthermore, the intervention did not change the composition of fat, lean, and bone mass in either group. Thus, strategies including initiatives to increase physical activity are likely needed to have effects on body composition; and an intervention needs to be sustained for longer than six months for any changes in body composition to be observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dechristian França Barbieri
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
- Laboratory of Clinical and Occupational Kinesiology, Department of Physical Therapy, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Luiz Augusto Brusaca
- Laboratory of Clinical and Occupational Kinesiology, Department of Physical Therapy, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Svend Erik Mathiassen
- Department of Occupational Health Sciences and Psychology, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Gävle, Gävle, Sweden
| | - Ana Beatriz Oliveira
- Laboratory of Clinical and Occupational Kinesiology, Department of Physical Therapy, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Divya Srinivasan
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
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13
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Christensen MR, Nabe-Nielsen K, Holtermann A, Gupta N. Does it matter for health if steps are taken during work or leisure? A prospective accelerometer study using register-based long-term sickness absence. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2023; 20:69. [PMID: 37296445 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-023-01468-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Walking is known to be good for health. However, it is unknown whether it matters if steps are taken during work or leisure. Therefore, we aimed to examine the prospective association between accelerometer-measured steps taken during work or leisure and register-based long-term sickness absence (LTSA). METHODS We included 937 blue- and white-collar workers from the PODESA cohort who wore a thigh-based accelerometer over four days to measure number of steps during work and leisure. Steps were divided into domain based on diary data. First event of LTSA was retrieved from a national register with four years' follow-up. We used Cox proportional hazard models to analyze the association between domain-specific and total daily steps and LTSA, adjusted for age, sex, job type, smoking, and steps in the other domain (e.g., work/leisure). RESULTS We found more steps at work to be associated with a higher LTSA risk [Hazard Ratio (HR):1.04; 95% CI: 1.00-1.08 per 1000 steps]. No significant association was found between steps during leisure and LTSA (HR: 0.97; 95% CI: 0.91-1.02), nor between total daily steps and LTSA (HR: 1.01; CI 95% 0.99-1.04). CONCLUSIONS More steps at work were associated with higher risk of LTSA, while steps during leisure was not clearly associated with LTSA risk. These findings partly support 'the physical activity paradox' stating that the association between physical activity and health depends on the domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Raunkjær Christensen
- The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, Copenhagen Ø, 2100, Denmark.
| | - Kirsten Nabe-Nielsen
- The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, Copenhagen Ø, 2100, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, Section of Social Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andreas Holtermann
- The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, Copenhagen Ø, 2100, Denmark
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Nidhi Gupta
- The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, Copenhagen Ø, 2100, Denmark
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14
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Johansson PJ, Crowley P, Axelsson J, Franklin K, Garde AH, Hettiarachchi P, Holtermann A, Kecklund G, Lindberg E, Ljunggren M, Stamatakis E, Theorell Haglöw J, Svartengren M. Development and performance of a sleep estimation algorithm using a single accelerometer placed on the thigh: an evaluation against polysomnography. J Sleep Res 2023; 32:e13725. [PMID: 36167935 PMCID: PMC10909528 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.13725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Accelerometers placed on the thigh provide accurate measures of daily physical activity types, postures and sedentary behaviours, over 24 h and across consecutive days. However, the ability to estimate sleep duration or quality from thigh-worn accelerometers is uncertain and has not been evaluated in comparison with the 'gold-standard' measurement of sleep polysomnography. This study aimed to develop an algorithm for sleep estimation using the raw data from a thigh-worn accelerometer and to evaluate it in comparison with polysomnography. The algorithm was developed and optimised on a dataset consisting of 23 single-night polysomnography recordings, collected in a laboratory, from 15 asymptomatic adults. This optimised algorithm was then applied to a separate evaluation dataset, in which, 71 adult males (mean [SD] age 57 [11] years, height 181 [6] cm, weight 82 [13] kg) wore ambulatory polysomnography equipment and a thigh-worn accelerometer, simultaneously, whilst sleeping at home. Compared with polysomnography, the algorithm had a sensitivity of 0.84 and a specificity of 0.55 when estimating sleep periods. Sleep intervals were underestimated by 21 min (130 min, Limits of Agreement Range [LoAR]). Total sleep time was underestimated by 32 min (233 min LoAR). Our results evaluate the performance of a new algorithm for estimating sleep and outline the limitations. Based on these results, we conclude that a single device can provide estimates of the sleep interval and total sleep time with sufficient accuracy for the measurement of daily physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and sleep, on a group level in free-living settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J. Johansson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Occupational and Environmental MedicineUppsala University, Uppsala University HospitalUppsalaSweden
| | - Patrick Crowley
- The National Research Centre for the Working EnvironmentCopenhagenDenmark
| | - John Axelsson
- Department of Psychology, Department of Clinical NeuroscienceStress Research Institute, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
| | - Karl Franklin
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, SurgeryUmeå UniversityUmeåSweden
| | - Anne Helene Garde
- The National Research Centre for the Working EnvironmentCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Pasan Hettiarachchi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Occupational and Environmental MedicineUppsala University, Uppsala University HospitalUppsalaSweden
| | - Andreas Holtermann
- The National Research Centre for the Working EnvironmentCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Göran Kecklund
- Department of Psychology, Department of Clinical NeuroscienceStress Research Institute, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
| | - Eva Lindberg
- Department of Medical Sciences, Occupational and Environmental MedicineUppsala University, Uppsala University HospitalUppsalaSweden
| | - Mirjam Ljunggren
- Department of Medical Sciences, Occupational and Environmental MedicineUppsala University, Uppsala University HospitalUppsalaSweden
| | - Emmanuel Stamatakis
- Charles Perkins Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Health SciencesUniversity of SydneySydneyAustralia
| | - Jenny Theorell Haglöw
- Department of Medical Sciences, Occupational and Environmental MedicineUppsala University, Uppsala University HospitalUppsalaSweden
| | - Magnus Svartengren
- Department of Medical Sciences, Occupational and Environmental MedicineUppsala University, Uppsala University HospitalUppsalaSweden
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15
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Ketels M, Belligh T, De Bacquer D, Clays E. Are Psychosocial Resources Buffering the Relation Between Physical Work Behaviors and Need for Recovery? Int J Public Health 2022; 67:1604787. [PMID: 36589477 PMCID: PMC9800507 DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2022.1604787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: We investigate whether job control and/or social support at work play a buffering role in the relation between various physical work behaviors and Need for Recovery (NFR) among employees with physically demanding jobs. Methods: Our findings are based on data from 332 workers. The Job Content Questionnaire was used to assess job control, social support and specific physically demanding tasks. General physical work behaviors were measured by two Axivity AX3 accelerometers. The NFR Scale (0-11) was used to assess NFR. We used multiple linear regression models. Results: Sitting at work turned out to be negatively associated with NFR, whereas physically demanding tasks were associated positively with NFR. Our results show a significant buffering role for job control on the correlation between sitting, physically demanding tasks and NFR, but not for social support. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that higher job control might be beneficial to reduce high NFR and eventually may help to reduce early drop-out and sickness absence. Further research is called for to confirm the buffering role of job control and to investigate the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margo Ketels
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium,*Correspondence: Margo Ketels,
| | - Thomas Belligh
- Department of Linguistics, Faculty of Arts and Philosophy, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dirk De Bacquer
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Els Clays
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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16
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Korshøj M, Svendsen SW, Hendriksen PF, Gupta N, Holtermann A, Andersen JH, Dalbøge A, Frost P. Agreement between an expert-rated mini job exposure matrix of occupational biomechanical exposures to the lower body and technical measurements or observation: a method comparison study. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e064035. [PMID: 36576183 PMCID: PMC9723893 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-064035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Investigating the agreement between an expert-rated mini job exposure matrix (JEM) of lower body exposures and technical measurements of worktime spent standing/walking and observation-based estimates of time spent kneeling/squatting and total load lifted per workday. METHODS We chose 16 job titles from the 121 job groups in the lower body JEM and included them in the mini JEM. New expert ratings for the mini JEM were performed by the same five occupational physicians who performed the ratings for the lower body JEM. For each job title and type of exposure, the exposure estimates were a mean of the five independent ratings. Technical measurements of standing/walking for all 16 job titles, and for 8 job titles workplace observations were performed of kneeling/squatting and total load lifted per workday. Data were collected from September to December 2015 and supplemented by data from the NOMAD and DPhacto studies collected between 2011 and 2013. All data were collected in Denmark. Agreement between expert-based and measured/observed lower body exposures by job titles was evaluated using Spearman's rank correlation, Bland-Altman plots evaluated systematic deviations and limits of agreement (LoA). RESULTS Standing/walking showed a rank correlation of 0.55, kneeling/squatting 0.83 and total load lifted per workday 0.71. The mini JEM estimates did not systematically deviate from the technical measurements/observations for time spent standing/walking (mean difference 0.20 hours/workday, LoA -1.63, 2.03 hours/workday) and kneeling/squatting (mean difference -0.35 hours/workday, LoA -1.21, 0.51 hours/workday). For total load lifted per workday, the mini JEM systematically overestimated the exposures compared with the observations (mean difference -909 kg/workday, LoA -3000, 1147 kg/workday). CONCLUSIONS There was moderate to very high agreement between an expert-rated mini JEM of standing/walking, kneeling/squatting, and lifting exposures and corresponding technical measurements/observations. This method comparison study supports the use of the expert-based lower body JEM in large-scale occupational epidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mette Korshøj
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Occupational and Social Medicine, Holbæk Hospital, a part of Copenhagen University Hospital, Holbæk, Denmark
| | - Susanne Wulff Svendsen
- Danish Ramazzini Centre, Department of Occupational Medicine, Gødstrup Hospital, University Research Clinic, Gødstrup, Denmark
| | | | - Nidhi Gupta
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andreas Holtermann
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Johan Hviid Andersen
- Danish Ramazzini Centre, Department of Occupational Medicine, Gødstrup Hospital, University Research Clinic, Gødstrup, Denmark
| | - Annett Dalbøge
- Danish Ramazzini Centre, Department of Occupational Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Poul Frost
- Danish Ramazzini Centre, Department of Occupational Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark
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Brusaca LA, Januario LB, Mathiassen SE, Barbieri DF, Oliveira RV, Heiden M, Oliveira AB, Hallman DM. Sedentary behaviour, physical activity, and sleep among office workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: a comparison of Brazil and Sweden. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:2196. [PMCID: PMC9702952 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14666-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the physical behaviours of office workers worldwide, but studies comparing physical behaviours between countries with similar restrictions policies are rare. This study aimed to document and compare the 24-hour time-use compositions of physical behaviours among Brazilian and Swedish office workers on working and non-working days during the pandemic.
Methods
Physical behaviours were monitored over 7 days using thigh-worn accelerometers in 73 Brazilian and 202 Swedish workers. Daily time-use compositions were exhaustively described in terms of sedentary behaviour (SED) in short (< 30 min) and long (≥30 min) bouts, light physical activity (LPA), moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), and time-in-bed. We examined differences between countries using MANOVA on data processed according to compositional data analysis. As Swedish workers had the possibility to do hybrid work, we conducted a set of sensitivity analyses including only data from days when Swedish workers worked from home.
Results
During working days, Brazilian office workers spent more time SED in short (294 min) and long (478 min) bouts and less time in LPA (156 min) and MVPA (50 min) than Swedish workers (274, 367, 256 and 85 min, respectively). Time spent in bed was similar in both groups. Similar differences between Brazilians and Swedes were observed on non-working days, while workers were, in general, less sedentary, more active and spent more time-in-bed than during working days. The MANOVA showed that Brazilians and Swedes differed significantly in behaviours during working (p < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.36) and non-working days (p < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.20). Brazilian workers spent significantly more time in SED relative to being active, less time in short relative to long bouts in SED, and more time in LPA relative to MVPA, both during workdays and non-workdays. Sensitivity analyses only on data from days when participants worked from home showed similar results.
Conclusions
During the COVID-19 pandemic Brazilian office workers were more sedentary and less active than Swedish workers, both during working and non-working days. Whether this relates to the perception or interpretation of restrictions being different or to differences present even before the pandemic is not clear, and we encourage further research to resolve this important issue.
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MICKLESFIELD LISAK, WESTGATE KATE, SMITH ANTONIA, KUFE CLEMENTN, MENDHAM AMYE, LINDSAY TIM, WIJNDAELE KATRIEN, GOEDECKE JULIAH, BRAGE SOREN. Physical Activity Behaviors of a Middle-Age South African Cohort as Determined by Integrated Hip and Thigh Accelerometry. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2022; 54:1493-1505. [PMID: 35658390 PMCID: PMC9390235 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Descriptive studies of objectively measured physical activity behaviors in African populations are rare. We developed a method of combining hip and thigh accelerometery signals to quantify and describe physical behaviors in middle-age South African men and women. METHODS We integrated signals from two triaxial accelerometers worn simultaneously during free-living, in a subsample of the Middle-age Soweto Cohort ( n = 794; mean (SD) age, 53.7 (6.3) yr). Acceleration time series from the accelerometers were combined and movement-related acceleration was derived using Euclidean Norm Minus One (in milligrams), to determine total movement volume (mean Euclidean Norm Minus One) and nonmovement time (<28 m g ), light-intensity physical activity (LPA; 28-85 m g ), and moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity (MVPA; >85 m g ); thigh pitch angle and a sleep diary were used to divide nonmovement time (in minutes per day) into sleep, awake sitting/lying, and standing. Sociodemographic factors were self-reported, and weight and height were measured. RESULTS Mean (SD) wear time was 128 (48) h. Movement volume was 15.0 (6.5) m g for men and 12.2 (3.4) m g for women. Men spent more time in MVPA and sitting/lying, whereas women spent more time standing. Age was inversely associated with movement volume, MVPA, and LPA. When compared with their normal-weight counterparts, men who were overweight or obese spent less time in MVPA, whereas women who were overweight or obese spent less time in LPA and more time sitting/lying. Socioeconomic status was inversely associated with total movement volume, MVPA, and time spent sleeping, and positively associated with time spent sitting/lying, in both men and women. CONCLUSIONS Integrating signals from hip and thigh accelerometers enables characterization of physical behaviors that can be applied in an African population.
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Affiliation(s)
- LISA K. MICKLESFIELD
- South African Medical Research Council/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit (DPHRU), Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, SOUTH AFRICA
| | - KATE WESTGATE
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - ANTONIA SMITH
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - CLEMENT N. KUFE
- South African Medical Research Council/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit (DPHRU), Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, SOUTH AFRICA
| | - AMY E. MENDHAM
- South African Medical Research Council/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit (DPHRU), Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, SOUTH AFRICA
- Research Centre for Health through Physical Activity, Lifestyle and Sport, Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, SOUTH AFRICA
| | - TIM LINDSAY
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - KATRIEN WIJNDAELE
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - JULIA H. GOEDECKE
- South African Medical Research Council/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit (DPHRU), Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, SOUTH AFRICA
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, SOUTH AFRICA
| | - SOREN BRAGE
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UNITED KINGDOM
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Lund Rasmussen C, Holtermann A, Hron K, Dumuid D, Nørregaard Rasmussen CD. The Use of Time Flow Analysis to Describe Changes in Physical Ergonomic Work Behaviours Following a Cluster-Randomized Controlled Participatory Ergonomic Intervention. Ann Work Expo Health 2022; 66:1199-1209. [PMID: 35975806 PMCID: PMC9664235 DOI: 10.1093/annweh/wxac058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Evaluations of participatory ergonomic interventions are often challenging as these types of interventions are tailored to the context and need of the workplace in which they are implemented. We aimed to describe how time flow analysis can be used to describe changes in work behaviours following a participatory ergonomic intervention. METHOD This study was based on data from a two-arm cluster-randomized controlled trial with 29 childcare institutions and 116 workers (intervention: n = 60, control: n = 56). Physical behaviours at work were technically measured at baseline and 4-month follow-up. Physical behaviours were expressed in terms of relative work time spent forward bending of the back ≥30°, kneeling, active (i.e. walking, stair climbing and running) and sedentary. Average time flow from baseline to follow-up were calculated for both groups to investigate if work time was allocated differently at follow-up. RESULTS A total of 116 workers (60 in the intervention and 56 in the control group) had valid accelerometer at baseline and follow-up. The largest group difference in time flowing from baseline to follow-up was observed for forward bending of the back and time spent kneeling. Compared to the control, the intervention group had less time flowing from forward bending of the back to kneeling (intervention: +11 min day, control: +16 min day) and more time flowing from kneeling to sedentary behaviours (intervention: +15 min day, control: +10 min day). CONCLUSION The results of this study showed that time flow analysis can be used to reveal changes in work time-use following a participatory ergonomic intervention. For example, the analysis revealed that the intervention group had replaced more work time spent kneeling with sedentary behaviours compared to the control group. This type of information on group differences in time reallocations would not have been possible to obtain by comparing group differences in work time-use following the intervention, supporting the usefulness of time flow analysis as a tool to evaluate complex, context-specific interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andreas Holtermann
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkalle 105, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Karel Hron
- Department of Mathematical Analysis and Applications of Mathematics, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Dorothea Dumuid
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition, and Activity (ARENA), Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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20
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Tjøsvoll SO, Wiggen Ø, Gonzalez V, Seeberg TM, Elez Redzovic S, Frostad Liaset I, Holtermann A, Steiro Fimland M. Assessment of Physical Work Demands of Home Care Workers in Norway: An Observational Study Using Wearable Sensor Technology. Ann Work Expo Health 2022; 66:1187-1198. [PMID: 35959647 PMCID: PMC9664225 DOI: 10.1093/annweh/wxac052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES High physical work demands are believed to be partly responsible for the high sickness absence among home care workers, but no studies have assessed their physical work demands using precise device-based measurements. Hence, the objective of this observational study was to assess physical work demands in home care, using wearable sensors. METHODS From six home care units in a large municipality in Norway, 114 of 195 eligible home care workers filled in a questionnaire, a diary about work hours, and wore five accelerometers, and a heart rate sensor for up to six consecutive workdays. RESULTS On average, the homecare workers spent 50% of the working hours sitting, 25.2% standing, 11.4% moving, 8.3% walking fast, 1.9% walking slow, 1.2% stair-climbing, 0.3% cycling, and 0.05% running. We found the following exposures to demanding postures: arm-elevation in an upright body position ≥30° was 36.7%, ≥60° was 4.1%, and ≥90°was 0.5%; forward trunk inclination in an upright body position ≥30° was 9.9%, ≥60° was 4%, and ≥90° was 1%; and for kneeling it was 0.8%. We found the average cardiovascular load (%heart rate reserve) during work to be 28%. There was considerable individual variation in these physical exposures at work. CONCLUSIONS This study presents precise information on various physical work demands of home care workers in Norway. Home care workers spent on average half the workday sitting and the remaining time in various occupational physical activities. Presently, few device-based exposure limits have been proposed for acceptable amounts of occupational physical exposures, but the level of arm-elevation, forward trunk inclination, and the considerable variation of physical workloads among home care workers, indicate that preventive measures should be taken.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Øystein Wiggen
- Health Research, SINTEF DIGITAL, SINTEF AS, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Victor Gonzalez
- Smart Sensor Systems, SINTEF DIGITAL, SINTEF AS, Oslo, Norway
| | - Trine M Seeberg
- Smart Sensor Systems, SINTEF DIGITAL, SINTEF AS, Oslo, Norway
| | - Skender Elez Redzovic
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ingeborg Frostad Liaset
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Andreas Holtermann
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lerso Parkalle, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marius Steiro Fimland
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway,Unicare Helsefort Rehabilitation Centre, Rissa, Norway
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21
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Andersson MLE, Haglund E, Aili K, Bremander A, Bergman S. Cohort profile: the Halland osteoarthritis (HALLOA) cohort-from knee pain to osteoarthritis: a longitudinal observational study in Sweden. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e057086. [PMID: 35835523 PMCID: PMC9289013 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-057086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The overall objective in this study is to investigate the early development of radiographic knee osteoarthritis (OA) and its association with hand or/and knee OA, metabolic diseases, biomarkers, chronic pain, physical function and daily physical activity types. PARTICIPANTS The Halland osteoarthritis (HALLOA) cohort is a longitudinal cohort study that includes individuals with knee pain in the southwest of Sweden. Enrolment took place from 2017 to 2019. The inclusion criteria were current knee pain, with no former known radiographic knee OA and no cruciate ligament rupture or rheumatological disorder. The participants were recruited: (1) when seeking care for knee pain in primary healthcare or (2) by advertisements in local newspapers. There are 306 individuals included in the study, mean age (SD) 51.7 (8.7) years and 69% are women. The baseline and follow-ups include clinical tests, radiographical examinations, blood samples, metabolic measures, pain pressure thresholds, tests of physical functions, daily physical activity types and patient-reported outcomes. FINDINGS TO DATE There were associations between metabolic factors and radiographic knee OA, even in those with normal body mass index at baseline. In addition, clinical hand OA was positively associated with fasting plasma glucose. We also found that modifiable factors as increased visceral fat and total body fat were associated with increased pain sensitivity among individuals with knee pain. FUTURE PLANS By studying possible pathophysiological mechanisms of OA over time, we aim to provide new insights on OA progression, identify usable preventive measures helping the clinicians in the management of the disease and improve health for the patients. It is also important to study the development of chronic pain in OA, to get tools to identify individuals at risk and to be able to offer them treatment. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04928170).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria L E Andersson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Rheumatology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Spenshult Research and Development Centre, Halmstad, Sweden
| | - Emma Haglund
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Rheumatology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Enviromental and Biosciences, School of Business, Innovation and Sustainibility, Halmstad University, Halmstad, Sweden
| | - Katarina Aili
- Department of Health and Care, School of Health and Welfare, Halmstad University, Halmstad, Sweden
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ann Bremander
- Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Danish Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Sonderborg, Denmark
| | - S Bergman
- Spenshult Research and Development Centre, Halmstad, Sweden
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine/Primary Health Care, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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22
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Svensson S, Hallman DM, Mathiassen S, Heiden M, Fagerström A, Mutiganda JC, Bergström G. Flexible Work: Opportunity and Challenge (FLOC) for individual, social and economic sustainability. Protocol for a prospective cohort study of non-standard employment and flexible work arrangements in Sweden. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e057409. [PMID: 35820754 PMCID: PMC9274509 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-057409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Flexibility in working life, including non-standard employment (NSE) and flexible work arrangements (FWAs), offers the organisation a better ability to adapt to changing conditions while also posing considerable challenges for organisations as well as workers. The aim of the Flexible Work: Opportunity and Challenge (FLOC) study is to investigate associations between NSE and FWA on the one hand, and individual, social and economic sustainability on the other. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This prospective open cohort study targets approximately 8000 workers 18-65 years old in 8-10 public and private organisations in Sweden. We will use a comprehensive battery of measurement methods addressing financial performance, physical and psychosocial exposures, and physical and mental health, both at the organisational and the individual level. Methods include valid survey questionnaires and register data, and, in subpopulations, technical measurements, interviews and diaries. Main exposures are type of employment and type of work arrangement. Main outcomes are indicators of social and economic sustainability and, at the individual level, health and well-being. Data, collected over 54 months at approximately 18-month intervals, will be analysed using multivariate methods considering main effects as well as potential effect modifiers. The analyses will take into account that respondents are nested in organisations, divisions and/or have specific managers. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION FLOC is approved by the Swedish Ethical Review Authority (decision numbers 2019-06220, 2020-06094 and 2021-02725). Data will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at international conferences, and researchers will assist the organisations in improving policies and routines for employment and organisation of work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Svensson
- Department of Occupational Health Science and Psychology, University of Gävle, Gavle, Sweden
| | - David M Hallman
- Department of Occupational Health Science and Psychology, University of Gävle, Gavle, Sweden
| | - SvendErik Mathiassen
- Department of Occupational Health Science and Psychology, University of Gävle, Gavle, Sweden
| | - Marina Heiden
- Department of Occupational Health Science and Psychology, University of Gävle, Gavle, Sweden
| | - Arne Fagerström
- Faculty of Education and Business Studies, University of Gävle, Gavle, Sweden
| | | | - Gunnar Bergström
- Department of Occupational Health Science and Psychology, University of Gävle, Gavle, Sweden
- Unit of Intervention and Implementation Research for Worker Health, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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23
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Crowley P, Ikeda E, Islam SMS, Kildedal R, Schade Jacobsen S, Roslyng Larsen J, Johansson PJ, Hettiarachchi P, Aadahl M, Mork PJ, Straker L, Stamatakis E, Holtermann A, Gupta N. The Surveillance of Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior, and Sleep: Protocol for the Development and Feasibility Evaluation of a Novel Measurement System. JMIR Res Protoc 2022; 11:e35697. [PMID: 35666571 PMCID: PMC9210205 DOI: 10.2196/35697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is increasing recognition of the need for more comprehensive surveillance data, including information on physical activity of all intensities, sedentary behavior, and sleep. However, meeting this need poses significant challenges for current surveillance systems, which are mainly reliant on self-report. OBJECTIVE The primary objective of this project is to develop and evaluate the feasibility of a sensor-based system for use in the surveillance of physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep (SurPASS) at a national level in Denmark. METHODS The SurPASS project involves an international, multidisciplinary team of researchers collaborating with an industrial partner. The SurPASS system consists of (1) a thigh-worn accelerometer with Bluetooth connectivity, (2) a smartphone app, (3) an integrated back end, facilitating the automated upload, analysis, storage, and provision of individualized feedback in a manner compliant with European Union regulations on data privacy, and (4) an administrator web interface (web application) to monitor progress. The system development and evaluation will be performed in 3 phases. These phases will include gathering user input and specifications (phase 1), the iterative development, evaluation, and refinement of the system (phase 2), and the feasibility evaluation (phase 3). RESULTS The project started in September 2020 and completed phase 2 in February 2022. Phase 3 began in March 2022 and results will be made available in 2023. CONCLUSIONS If feasible, the SurPASS system could be a catalyst toward large-scale, sensor-based surveillance of physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep. It could also be adapted for cohort and interventional research, thus contributing to the generation of evidence for both interventions and public health policies and recommendations. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/35697.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Crowley
- The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Erika Ikeda
- Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Rasmus Kildedal
- The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Jon Roslyng Larsen
- The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter J Johansson
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Pasan Hettiarachchi
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mette Aadahl
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Fredriksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Paul Jarle Mork
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Leon Straker
- School of Allied Health and enAble Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Emmanuel Stamatakis
- Charles Perkins Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Andreas Holtermann
- The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nidhi Gupta
- The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
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24
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Johansson MS, Holtermann A, Marott JL, Prescott E, Schnohr P, Korshøj M, Søgaard K. The physical activity health paradox and risk factors for cardiovascular disease: A cross-sectional compositional data analysis in the Copenhagen City Heart Study. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0267427. [PMID: 35446893 PMCID: PMC9022831 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0267427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Studies indicate that physical activity during leisure and work have opposite associations with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, referred to as the physical activity health paradox. We investigated how sedentary behaviour and physical activity types during leisure and work are associated with systolic blood pressure (SBP), waist circumference (WC), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in an adult general population sample using compositional data analysis. Methods Participants wore accelerometers for 7 days (right thigh and iliac crest; 24 h/day) and had their SBP, WC, and LDL-C measured. Accelerometer data was analysed using the software Acti4 to derive daily time spent in sedentary behaviour and physical activity types. The measure of association was quantified by reallocating time between sedentary behaviour and 1) walking, and 2) high-intensity physical activity (HIPA; sum of climbing stairs, running, cycling, and rowing), during both domains. Results In total, 652 participants were included in the analyses (median wear time: 6 days, 23.8 h/day). During leisure, the results indicated that less sedentary behaviour and more walking or more HIPA was associated with lower SBP, while during work, the findings indicated an association with higher SBP. During both domains, the findings indicated that less sedentary behaviour and more HIPA was associated with a smaller WC and lower LDL-C. However, the findings indicated less sedentary behaviour and more walking to be associated with a larger WC and higher LDL-C, regardless of domain. Conclusions During leisure, less sedentary behaviour and more walking or HIPA seems to be associated with a lower SBP, but, during work, it seems to be associated with a higher SBP. No consistent differences between domains were observed for WC and LDL-C. These findings highlight the importance of considering the physical activity health paradox, at least for some risk factors for CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melker S. Johansson
- Musculoskeletal Disorders and Physical Workload, National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- * E-mail:
| | - Andreas Holtermann
- Musculoskeletal Disorders and Physical Workload, National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Jacob L. Marott
- The Copenhagen City Heart Study, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Eva Prescott
- The Copenhagen City Heart Study, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Frederiksberg, Denmark
- Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Schnohr
- The Copenhagen City Heart Study, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Mette Korshøj
- Musculoskeletal Disorders and Physical Workload, National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Occupational and Social Medicine, Holbæk Hospital, Holbæk, Denmark
| | - Karen Søgaard
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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25
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Rasmussen CL, Dumuid D, Hron K, Gupta N, Jørgensen MB, Nabe-Nielsen K, Holtermann A. Day-to-day pattern of work and leisure time physical behaviours: are low socioeconomic status adults couch potatoes or work warriors? BMC Public Health 2021; 21:1342. [PMID: 34233666 PMCID: PMC8265073 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-11409-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Most studies on day-to-day patterns of physical behaviours (i.e. physical activities and sedentary behaviour) are based on adults with high socioeconomic status (SES) and without differentiating between work and leisure time. Thus, we aimed to characterise the day-to-day leisure time physical behaviours patterns among low SES adults and investigate the influence of work physical behaviours. Methods This cross-sectional study included 963 adults from low SES occupations (e.g. manufacturing, cleaning and transportation). The participants wore accelerometers for 1–7 days to measure physical behaviours during work and leisure time, expressed as time-use compositions consisting of time spent sedentary, standing or being active (walking, running, stair climbing, or cycling). Compositional multivariate multilevel models were used to regress daily leisure time-use composition against work time-use compositions. Interaction between weekday and (1) type of day, (i.e., work/non-work) and (2) the work time-use composition were tested. Compositional isotemporal substitution was used to interpret the estimates from the models. Results Each weekday, workers consistently spent most leisure time being sedentary and most work time standing. Leisure time physical behaviours were associated with type of day (p < 0.005, more sedentary on workdays vs. non-workdays), weekday (p < 0.005, more sedentary on Friday, Saturday and Sunday), standing work (p < 0.005, more sedentary and less standing and active leisure time on Sunday), and active work (p < 0.005, less sedentary and more standing and active leisure time on Sunday). Sedentary leisure time increased by 18 min, while standing and active leisure time decreased by 11 and 7 min, respectively, when 30 min were reallocated to standing at work on Sunday. Conversely, sedentary leisure time decreased by 25 min, and standing and active leisure time increased by 15 and 10 min, respectively, when 30 min were reallocated to active time at work on Sunday. Conclusions While low SES adults’ leisure time was mostly sedentary, their work time was predominantly standing. Work physical behaviours differently influenced day-to-day leisure time behaviours. Thus, public health initiatives aiming to change leisure time behaviours among low SES adults should consider the influence of work physical behaviours. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-021-11409-0.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dorothea Dumuid
- Allied Health & Human Performance, Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition, and Activity (ARENA), University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Karel Hron
- Allied Health & Human Performance, Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition, and Activity (ARENA), University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Department of Mathematical Analysis and Applications of Mathematics, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Nidhi Gupta
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Kirsten Nabe-Nielsen
- Section of Social Medicine, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andreas Holtermann
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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De Cocker K, Ketels M, Bennie JA, Clays E. Is device-based total and domain-specific sedentary behaviour associated with psychological distress in Flemish workers? Eur J Public Health 2021; 31:151-156. [PMID: 32879968 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckaa144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is increasing interest in the association between psychological distress and time spent in sedentary behaviour (e.g. sitting), a highly prevalent behaviour in modern society. The limited evidence is mixed and mainly based on studies using self-reported sedentary time. Few studies have investigated device-based total sedentary time in its association with distress. None, however, have examined device-based domain-specific sedentary time in relation to psychological distress. The aim of this study was to investigate whether device-based total and domain-specific sedentary behaviour were associated with psychological distress. METHODS Flemish employees (n = 401; 20-64 years; 42.6% male; 83.6% had a 'physically active occupation') of seven organizations in service and production sectors participated. Sedentary behaviour (exposure) was assessed by two Axivity AX3 accelerometers (one placed on the thigh and one placed between the shoulders) for two to four consecutive working days. Based on diary completion, domain-specific sedentary behaviour (leisure vs. work) was assessed. The 12-item General Health Questionnaire was used to assess psychological distress (outcome). Adjusted hierarchical multiple regression models were conducted to report on the associations between total and domain-specific sedentary behaviour and psychological distress. RESULTS About 35% of the sample had high levels of distress and average total sedentary time was 7.2 h/day. Device-based total sedentary behaviour [B = -0.009, 95% confidence interval (CI), -0.087 to 0.068], leisure-time (B = 0.001, 95% CI, -0.017 to 0.018) and work-related (B = 0.004, 95% CI, -0.006 to 0.015) sedentary behaviour were not significantly associated with psychological distress. CONCLUSION This cross-sectional study examining the association between device-based total and domain-specific sedentary behaviour and psychological distress among employees showed a lack of significant findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrien De Cocker
- Centre for Health Research, Institute of Resilient Regions, University of Southern Queensland, Australia.,Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Margo Ketels
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Jason A Bennie
- Centre for Health Research, Institute of Resilient Regions, University of Southern Queensland, Australia
| | - Els Clays
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Belgium
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27
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Brusaca LA, Barbieri DF, Mathiassen SE, Holtermann A, Oliveira AB. Physical Behaviours in Brazilian Office Workers Working from Home during the COVID-19 Pandemic, Compared to before the Pandemic: A Compositional Data Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18126278. [PMID: 34200624 PMCID: PMC8296050 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18126278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Work from home has increased greatly during the COVID-19 pandemic, and concerns have been raised that this would change physical behaviours. In the present study, 11 Brazilian office workers (five women, six men; mean [SD] age 39.3 [9.6] years) wore two triaxial accelerometers fixed on the upper back and right thigh continuously for five days, including a weekend, before COVID-19 (September 2019), and again while working at home during COVID-19 (July 2020). We determined time used in five behaviours: sedentary, standing, light physical activity (LPA), moderate-to-vigorous activity (MVPA), and time-in-bed. Data on these behaviours were processed using Compositional Data Analysis, and behaviours observed pre-COVID19 and during-COVID19 were compared using repeated-measures MANOVA. On workdays during-COVID19, participants spent 667 min sedentary, 176 standing, 74 LPA, 51 MVPA and 472 time-in-bed; corresponding numbers pre-COVID were 689, 180, 81, 72 and 418 min. Tests confirmed that less time was spent in bed pre-COVID19 (log-ratio −0.12 [95% CI −0.19; −0.08]) and more time in MVPA (log-ratio 0.35, [95% CI 0.08; 0.70]). Behaviours during the weekend changed only marginally. While small, this study is the first to report objectively measured physical behaviours during workdays as well as weekends in the same subjects before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Augusto Brusaca
- Laboratory of Clinical and Occupational Kinesiology, Department of Physical Therapy, Federal University of São Carlos, Washington Luiz Road, km 235, SP310, São Carlos 13565-905, SP, Brazil; (L.A.B.); (D.F.B.)
| | - Dechristian França Barbieri
- Laboratory of Clinical and Occupational Kinesiology, Department of Physical Therapy, Federal University of São Carlos, Washington Luiz Road, km 235, SP310, São Carlos 13565-905, SP, Brazil; (L.A.B.); (D.F.B.)
| | - Svend Erik Mathiassen
- Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Department of Occupational Health Sciences and Psychology, University of Gävle, 801 76 Gävle, Sweden;
| | - Andreas Holtermann
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkalle 105, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Ana Beatriz Oliveira
- Laboratory of Clinical and Occupational Kinesiology, Department of Physical Therapy, Federal University of São Carlos, Washington Luiz Road, km 235, SP310, São Carlos 13565-905, SP, Brazil; (L.A.B.); (D.F.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-16-33066700
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28
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Does It Work for Everyone? The Effect of the Take a Stand! Sitting-Intervention in Subgroups Defined by Socio-Demographic, Health-Related, Work-Related, and Psychosocial Factors. J Occup Environ Med 2021; 62:30-36. [PMID: 31626067 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000001737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Take a Stand! was a multicomponent workplace-based intervention reducing sitting among office-workers. This study tested whether the effect of Take a Stand! differed across subgroups. METHODS A cluster-randomized controlled trial with objectively measured sitting-time as primary outcome evaluated Take a Stand! Main analysis was reanalyzed in strata defined by four levels of preselected factors: socio-demographic (eg, sex); health-related (eg, smoking); work-related (eg, workhours); and psychosocial (eg, motivation to change sitting). RESULTS No notable differences in the effect were observed: across all assessed subgroups sitting time was ∼60 minutes less after 1 month and ∼40 minutes less after 3 months in intervention as compared with control group. CONCLUSION There was no differential effect of Take a Stand! indicating that the intervention was effective in all groups. This knowledge is advantageous when disseminating similar interventions to different populations of office workers.
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Working from home during the COVID-19 outbreak in Sweden: effects on 24-h time-use in office workers. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:528. [PMID: 33731066 PMCID: PMC7968563 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-10582-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic has triggered national recommendations encouraging people to work from home (WFH), but the possible impact of WFH on physical behaviors is unknown. This study aimed to determine the extent to which the 24-h allocation of time to different physical behaviors changes between days working at the office (WAO) and days WFH in office workers during the pandemic. Methods Data were collected on 27 office workers with full-time employment at a Swedish municipal division during the COVID-19 outbreak in May–July 2020. A thigh-worn accelerometer (Axivity) was used to assess physical behavior (sedentary, stand, move) during seven consecutive days. A diary was used to identify periods of work, leisure and sleep. 24-h compositions of sedentary, standing and moving behaviors during work and non-work time were examined using Compositional data analysis (CoDA), and differences between days WAO and days WFH were determined using repeated measures ANOVA. Results Days WFH were associated with more time spent sleeping relative to awake, and the effect size was large (F = 7.4; p = 0.01; ηp2 = 0.22). The increase (34 min) in sleep time during WFH occurred at the expense of a reduction in work and leisure time by 26 min and 7 min, respectively. Sedentary, standing and moving behaviors did not change markedly during days WFH compared to days WAO. Conclusion Days working from home during the COVID-19 pandemic in Sweden were associated with longer duration of sleep than days working at the office. This behavioral change may be beneficial to health. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-021-10582-6.
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Hettiarachchi P, Aili K, Holtermann A, Stamatakis E, Svartengren M, Palm P. Validity of a Non-Proprietary Algorithm for Identifying Lying Down Using Raw Data from Thigh-Worn Triaxial Accelerometers. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21030904. [PMID: 33572815 PMCID: PMC7866264 DOI: 10.3390/s21030904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Body postural allocation during daily life is important for health, and can be assessed with thigh-worn accelerometers. An algorithm based on sedentary bouts from the proprietary ActivePAL software can detect lying down from a single thigh-worn accelerometer using rotations of the thigh. However, it is not usable across brands of accelerometers. This algorithm has the potential to be refined. Aim: To refine and assess the validity of an algorithm to detect lying down from raw data of thigh-worn accelerometers. Axivity-AX3 accelerometers were placed on the thigh and upper back (reference) on adults in a development dataset (n = 50) and a validation dataset (n = 47) for 7 days. Sedentary time from the open Acti4-algorithm was used as input to the algorithm. In addition to the thigh-rotation criterion in the existing algorithm, two criteria based on standard deviation of acceleration and a time duration criterion of sedentary bouts were added. The mean difference (95% agreement-limits) between the total identified lying time/day, between the refined algorithm and the reference was +2.9 (−135,141) min in the development dataset and +6.5 (−145,159) min in the validation dataset. The refined algorithm can be used to estimate lying time in studies using different accelerometer brands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasan Hettiarachchi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden;
- Correspondence: (P.H.); (P.P.)
| | - Katarina Aili
- Spenshult Research and Development Center, 302 74 Halmstad, Sweden;
- School of Health and Welfare, Halmstad University, 301 18 Halmstad, Sweden
| | - Andreas Holtermann
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark;
- Department of Sport Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Emmanuel Stamatakis
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia;
| | - Magnus Svartengren
- Department of Medical Sciences, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden;
| | - Peter Palm
- Department of Medical Sciences, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden;
- Correspondence: (P.H.); (P.P.)
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Stevens ML, Crowley P, Rasmussen CL, Hallman DM, Mortensen OS, Nygård CH, Holtermann A. Accelerometer-Measured Physical Activity at Work and Need for Recovery: A Compositional Analysis of Cross-sectional Data. Ann Work Expo Health 2021; 64:138-151. [PMID: 31879769 PMCID: PMC7031076 DOI: 10.1093/annweh/wxz095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Previous research has shown strong associations between occupational physical activity (OPA) and need for recovery (NFR). However this research has only utilized self-reported measures of OPA which may be biased. Thus, there is a need for investigating if the previously documented association between self-reported OPA and NFR can be found when using technical measures of OPA. There is also the need to investigate whether older workers are particularly susceptible to increased NFR, since age-related declines in physical capacity mean that it is likely these workers will have a higher NFR for a given physical activity. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between technically measured OPA and NFR, and whether this relationship is modified by age. Methods This study utilized data from the Danish Physical Activity Cohort with Objective Measurements cohort—comprising Danish workers (n = 840) from the cleaning, manufacturing, and transportation sectors. OPA was measured by accelerometers attached to the thigh and upper back for at least one work day and classified into four physical behaviour categories (sedentary, standing, light, or moderate/vigorous). NFR was measured using a shortened version of the Danish NFR scale. Analysis was conducted using linear regression and isotemporal substitution analyses for compositional data. Results The overall association between OPA and NFR was statistically significant in the unadjusted model (P < 0.001), but not when adjusted for age, sex, occupation, and shift work (P = 0.166). Isotemporal substitution showed small but significant reductions in NFR when increasing sedentary time relative to other behaviours (adjusted: ΔNFR = −0.010 [−0.019; −0.001]). There were no significant interactions between age and OPA (P = 0.409). Conclusions This study found significant associations between OPA and NFR, but the effect sizes were small. Reallocating 30 min to sedentary behaviours from other behaviours was associated with a reduced NFR, but the effect size may not be practically relevant. Moreover, no clear modifying effects of age were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew L Stevens
- Musculoskeletal Disorders and Physical Workload, The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Patrick Crowley
- Musculoskeletal Disorders and Physical Workload, The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Charlotte L Rasmussen
- Musculoskeletal Disorders and Physical Workload, The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Section of Social Medicine, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - David M Hallman
- Department of Occupational Health Sciences and Psychology, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Gävle, Gävle, Sweden
| | - Ole S Mortensen
- Section of Social Medicine, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen K, Denmark.,Department of Occupational and Social Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital Holbæk, Holbæk, Denmark
| | - Clas-Håkan Nygård
- Unit of Health Sciences, Faculty of Social Science, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Andreas Holtermann
- Musculoskeletal Disorders and Physical Workload, The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark
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Lunde LK, Merkus S, Koch M, Knardahl S, Wærsted M, Veiersted KB. Associations of objectively measured total duration and maximum bout length of standing at work with lower-extremity pain intensity: a 2-year follow-up of construction and healthcare workers. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2021; 22:43. [PMID: 33413254 PMCID: PMC7791765 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-020-03868-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Musculoskeletal disorders are among the major reasons for years lived with disability. Approximately one third of the European working population report lower-extremity discomfort and many attribute these discomforts to work-related factors. Employees in the healthcare and construction sectors reports high levels of lower-extremity pain and commonly relate the pain to their profession. These workers spend a large part of their workday standing. Periods of prolonged standing is suggested to increase lower-extremity symptoms, but this cannot be concluded on, since limited evidence is available from longitudinal studies using objective measures. This study aimed to determine possible associations between objectively measured total duration and maximum bout length of static- and dynamic standing at work and lower-extremity pain intensity (LEPi) among Norwegian construction- and healthcare workers. Methods One-hundred and twenty-three construction and healthcare workers wore two accelerometers for up to four consecutive days, to establish standing behavior at baseline. The participants reported LEPi (Likert scale 0–9) for the preceding 4 weeks at baseline and after 6, 12, 18, and 24 months. We investigated associations between standing at work and average and change in LEPi using linear mixed models with significance level p ≤ 0.05. Results Total duration of static- and dynamic standing showed weak associations with average LEPi, for the total sample and for construction workers. Maximum bout of static- and dynamic standing was associated with average LEPi in construction workers, but not in healthcare workers. Furthermore, we found no associations between standing and change in LEPi over the 2-year follow-up in any of our analyses. Conclusions This study indicate that objectively measured standing is associated with average LEPi over 2-years follow-up in construction workers, and that maximal bout of standing have a stronger association to LEPi than total duration. For every 10 min added to the maximal length of continuous standing during an average workday, we found approximately one unit increase in pain on a 0–9 scale. The lack of significant findings in analyses on healthcare workers suggest that the association between standing and LEPi depend on work-tasks, gender and/or other sector-specific factors. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12891-020-03868-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars-Kristian Lunde
- National Institute of Occupational Health, P.O. Box 5330, Majorstuen, 0304, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Suzanne Merkus
- National Institute of Occupational Health, P.O. Box 5330, Majorstuen, 0304, Oslo, Norway
| | - Markus Koch
- National Institute of Occupational Health, P.O. Box 5330, Majorstuen, 0304, Oslo, Norway
| | - Stein Knardahl
- National Institute of Occupational Health, P.O. Box 5330, Majorstuen, 0304, Oslo, Norway
| | - Morten Wærsted
- National Institute of Occupational Health, P.O. Box 5330, Majorstuen, 0304, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kaj Bo Veiersted
- National Institute of Occupational Health, P.O. Box 5330, Majorstuen, 0304, Oslo, Norway
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Stevens ML, Gupta N, Inan Eroglu E, Crowley PJ, Eroglu B, Bauman A, Granat M, Straker L, Palm P, Stenholm S, Aadahl M, Mork P, Chastin S, Rangul V, Hamer M, Koster A, Holtermann A, Stamatakis E. Thigh-worn accelerometry for measuring movement and posture across the 24-hour cycle: a scoping review and expert statement. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2020; 6:e000874. [PMID: 33408875 PMCID: PMC7768971 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2020-000874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The Prospective Physical Activity Sitting and Sleep consortium (ProPASS) is an international collaboration platform committed to harmonise thigh-worn accelerometry data. The aim of this paper is to (1) outline observational thigh-worn accelerometry studies and (2) summarise key strategic directions arising from the inaugural ProPASS meeting. Methods (1) We performed a systematic scoping review for observational studies of thigh-worn triaxial accelerometers in free-living adults (n≥100, 24 hours monitoring protocols). (2)Attendees of the inaugural ProPASS meeting were sent a survey focused on areas related to developing ProPASS: important terminology (Q1); accelerometry constructs (Q2); advantages and distinct contribution of the consortium (Q3); data pooling and harmonisation (Q4); data access and sharing (Q5 and Q6). Results (1) Eighty eligible articles were identified (22 primary studies; n~17 685). The accelerometers used most often were the ActivPAL3 and ActiGraph GT3X. The most commonly collected health outcomes were cardiometabolic and musculoskeletal. (2) None of the survey questions elicited the predefined 60% agreement. Survey responses recommended that ProPASS: use the term physical behaviour or movement behaviour rather than 'physical activity' for the data we are collecting (Q1); make only minor changes to ProPASS's accelerometry construct (Q2); prioritise developing standardised protocols/tools (Q4); facilitate flexible methods of data sharing and access (Q5 and Q6). Conclusions Thigh-worn accelerometry is an emerging method of capturing movement and posture across the 24 hours cycle. In 2020, the literature is limited to 22 primary studies from high-income western countries. This work identified ProPASS's strategic directions-indicating areas where ProPASS can most benefit the field of research: use of clear terminology, refinement of the measured construct, standardised protocols/tools and flexible data sharing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew L Stevens
- Musculoskeletal Disorders and Physical Workload, National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nidhi Gupta
- Musculoskeletal Disorders and Physical Workload, National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Elif Inan Eroglu
- Boden Collaboration for Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise & Eating Disorders, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Patrick Joseph Crowley
- Musculoskeletal Disorders and Physical Workload, National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Barbaros Eroglu
- School of Public Health, The University of Sydney Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Adrian Bauman
- School of Public Health, The University of Sydney Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Malcolm Granat
- School of Health and Society, University of Salford, Salford, UK.,PAL Technologies, Glasgow, UK
| | - Leon Straker
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Peter Palm
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sari Stenholm
- Department of Public Health, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Mette Aadahl
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Paul Mork
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Sebastien Chastin
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK.,Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Vegar Rangul
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway
| | - Mark Hamer
- Institute Sport Exercise & Health, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Annemarie Koster
- Department of Social Medicine, CAPHRI Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Andreas Holtermann
- Musculoskeletal Disorders and Physical Workload, National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Emmanuel Stamatakis
- School of Public Health, The University of Sydney Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Kuster RP, Grooten WJA, Blom V, Baumgartner D, Hagströmer M, Ekblom Ö. Is Sitting Always Inactive and Standing Always Active? A Simultaneous Free-Living activPal and ActiGraph Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E8864. [PMID: 33260568 PMCID: PMC7730923 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17238864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Sedentary Behavior (SB), defined as sitting with minimal physical activity, is an emergent public health topic. However, the measurement of SB considers either posture (e.g., activPal) or physical activity (e.g., ActiGraph), and thus neglects either active sitting or inactive standing. The aim of this study was to determine the true amount of active sitting and inactive standing in daily life, and to analyze by how much these behaviors falsify the single sensors' sedentary estimates. Sedentary time of 100 office workers estimated with activPal and ActiGraph was therefore compared with Bland-Altman statistics to a combined sensor analysis, the posture and physical activity index (POPAI). POPAI classified each activPal sitting and standing event into inactive or active using the ActiGraph counts. Participants spent 45.0% [32.2%-59.1%] of the waking hours inactive sitting (equal to SB), 13.7% [7.8%-21.6%] active sitting, and 12.0% [5.7%-24.1%] inactive standing (mean [5th-95th percentile]). The activPal overestimated sedentary time by 30.3% [12.3%-48.4%] and the ActiGraph by 22.5% [3.2%-41.8%] (bias [95% limit-of-agreement]). The results showed that sitting is not always inactive, and standing is not always active. Caution should therefore be paid when interpreting the activPal (ignoring active sitting) and ActiGraph (ignoring inactive standing) measured time as SB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman P. Kuster
- Institute of Mechanical Systems, School of Engineering, ZHAW Zurich University of Applied Sciences, 8400 Winterthur, Switzerland;
- Division of Physiotherapy, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, 141 83 Huddinge, Sweden; (W.J.A.G.); (M.H.)
| | - Wilhelmus J. A. Grooten
- Division of Physiotherapy, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, 141 83 Huddinge, Sweden; (W.J.A.G.); (M.H.)
- Medical Unit Occupational Therapy and Physiotherapy, Allied Health Professionals, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Victoria Blom
- Department of Physical Activity and Health, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, 114 86 Stockholm, Sweden; (V.B.); (Ö.E.)
- Division of Insurance Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Daniel Baumgartner
- Institute of Mechanical Systems, School of Engineering, ZHAW Zurich University of Applied Sciences, 8400 Winterthur, Switzerland;
| | - Maria Hagströmer
- Division of Physiotherapy, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, 141 83 Huddinge, Sweden; (W.J.A.G.); (M.H.)
- Academic Primary Health Care Center, Region Stockholm, 104 31 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Örjan Ekblom
- Department of Physical Activity and Health, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, 114 86 Stockholm, Sweden; (V.B.); (Ö.E.)
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The Relation between Domain-Specific Physical Behaviour and Cardiorespiratory Fitness: A Cross-Sectional Compositional Data Analysis on the Physical Activity Health Paradox Using Accelerometer-Assessed Data. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17217929. [PMID: 33137943 PMCID: PMC7662405 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17217929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In contrast to leisure time physical activity (LTPA), occupational physical activity (OPA) does not have similar beneficial health effects. These differential health effects might be explained by dissimilar effects of LTPA and OPA on cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). This study investigated cross-sectional associations between different physical behaviours during both work and leisure time and CRF by using a Compositional Data Analysis approach. Physical behaviours were assessed by two accelerometers among 309 workers with various manual jobs. During work time, more sedentary behaviour (SB) was associated with higher CRF when compared relatively to time spent on other work behaviours, while more SB during leisure time was associated with lower CRF when compared to other leisure time behaviours. Reallocating more time to moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) from the other behaviours within leisure time was positively associated with CRF, which was not the case for MVPA during work. The results of our study are in line with the physical activity health paradox and we call for further study on the interaction between LTPA and OPA by implementing device-worn measures in a longitudinal design. Our results highlight the need for recommendations to take into account the different effects of OPA and LTPA on CRF.
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Rasmussen CL, Palarea-Albaladejo J, Johansson MS, Crowley P, Stevens ML, Gupta N, Karstad K, Holtermann A. Zero problems with compositional data of physical behaviors: a comparison of three zero replacement methods. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2020; 17:126. [PMID: 33023619 PMCID: PMC7542467 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-020-01029-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Researchers applying compositional data analysis to time-use data (e.g., time spent in physical behaviors) often face the problem of zeros, that is, recordings of zero time spent in any of the studied behaviors. Zeros hinder the application of compositional data analysis because the analysis is based on log-ratios. One way to overcome this challenge is to replace the zeros with sensible small values. The aim of this study was to compare the performance of three existing replacement methods used within physical behavior time-use epidemiology: simple replacement, multiplicative replacement, and log-ratio expectation-maximization (lrEM) algorithm. Moreover, we assessed the consequence of choosing replacement values higher than the lowest observed value for a given behavior. METHOD Using a complete dataset based on accelerometer data from 1310 Danish adults as reference, multiple datasets were simulated across six scenarios of zeros (5-30% zeros in 5% increments). Moreover, four examples were produced based on real data, in which, 10 and 20% zeros were imposed and replaced using a replacement value of 0.5 min, 65% of the observation threshold, or an estimated value below the observation threshold. For the simulation study and the examples, the zeros were replaced using the three replacement methods and the degree of distortion introduced was assessed by comparison with the complete dataset. RESULTS The lrEM method outperformed the other replacement methods as it had the smallest influence on the structure of relative variation of the datasets. Both the simple and multiplicative replacements introduced higher distortion, particularly in scenarios with more than 10% zeros; although the latter, like the lrEM, does preserve the ratios between behaviors with no zeros. The examples revealed that replacing zeros with a value higher than the observation threshold severely affected the structure of relative variation. CONCLUSIONS Given our findings, we encourage the use of replacement methods that preserve the relative structure of physical behavior data, as achieved by the multiplicative and lrEM replacements, and to avoid simple replacement. Moreover, we do not recommend replacing zeros with values higher than the lowest observed value for a behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Lund Rasmussen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø parkalle 105, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark. .,Department of Public Health, Section of Social Medicine, University of Copenhagen, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | | | - Melker Staffan Johansson
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Patrick Crowley
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø parkalle 105, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Matthew Leigh Stevens
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø parkalle 105, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nidhi Gupta
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø parkalle 105, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kristina Karstad
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø parkalle 105, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andreas Holtermann
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø parkalle 105, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Abstract
Background: The accuracy of wrist-worn accelerometers in identifying sedentary time has been scarcely studied in free-living conditions. The aim of this study was to compare daily sedentary time estimates between a thigh-worn accelerometer, which measured sitting and lying postures, and a wrist-worn accelerometer, which measured low levels of movement. Methods: The study population consisted of 259 participants (Mage = 62.8 years, SD = 0.9) from the Finnish Retirement and Aging Study (FIREA). Participants wore an Axivity AX3 accelerometer on their mid-thigh and an Actigraph wActiSleep-BT accelerometer on their non-dominant wrist simultaneously for a minimum of 4 days in free-living conditions. Two definitions to estimate daily sedentary time were used for data from the wrist-worn accelerometer: 1) the count cutpoint, ≤1853 counts per minute; and 2) the Euclidean Norm Minus One (ENMO) cutpoint, <30 mg. Results: Compared to the thigh-worn accelerometer, daily sedentary time estimate was 63 min (95% confidence interval [CI] = −53 to −73) lower by the count cutpoint and 50 min (95% CI = 34 to 67) lower by the ENMO cutpoint. The limits of agreement in daily sedentary time estimates between the thigh- and cutpoint methods for wrist-worn accelerometers were wide (the count cutpoint: −117 to 243, the ENMO cutpoint: −212 to 313 min). Conclusions: Currently established cutpoint-based methods to estimate sedentary time from wrist-worn accelerometers result in underestimation of daily sedentary time compared to posture-based estimates of thigh-worn accelerometers. Thus, sedentary time estimates obtained from wrist-worn accelerometers using currently available cutpoint-based methods should be interpreted with caution and future work is needed to improve their accuracy.
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Vinstrup J, Jakobsen MD, Madeleine P, Andersen LL. Biomechanical load during patient transfer with assistive devices: Cross-sectional study. ERGONOMICS 2020; 63:1164-1174. [PMID: 32362200 DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2020.1764113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study utilised a cross-sectional design to perform measurements of muscle activity as well as forward - and lateral trunk inclination angle during a full workday among 52 female healthcare workers from 16 different departments at five Danish hospitals. Using linear mixed models, the 95th percentile ranks of the normalised root mean square (nRMS) values were analysed for the different types of assistive devices. Compared to no assistive device (mean nRMS 27.9%, 95% CI 24.8%-31.0%), the use of intelligent beds (23.9%, CI 20.2%-27.6%) and ceiling-lifts (24.0%, CI 20.3%-27.7%) led to lower erector spinae nRMS values across all types of patient transfers. Conversely, the use of bedsheets (30.6%, CI 27.1%-34.2%), sliding-sheets (30.3%, CI 26.8%-33.9%) and sliding-boards (33.5%, CI 29.5%-37.6%) were associated with higher levels of erector spinae muscle activity.Consistent use of ceiling-lifts and intelligent beds reduces the physical workload and may thereby decrease the risk of musculoskeletal disorders among healthcare workers. Practioner Summary: Frequent patient transfer is associated with an increased risk of back pain and injury among healthcare workers. This analysis compares the level of physical load during patient transfer with commonly used assistive devices. The results show that use of the ceiling-lift and intelligent bed is associated with relatively low physical load during patient transfer. Abbreviations: RMS: root mean square; nRMS: normalized root mean square; EMG: electromyography; MSD: musculoskeletal disorder; LBP: low-back pain; VAS: visual analogue scale; MVC: maximal voluntary contraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Vinstrup
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Sport Sciences - Performance and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Markus D Jakobsen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pascal Madeleine
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Sport Sciences - Performance and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Lars L Andersen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Sport Sciences - Performance and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
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Danquah IH, Kloster S, Tolstrup JS. "Oh-oh, the others are standing up... I better do the same". Mixed-method evaluation of the implementation process of 'Take a Stand!' - a cluster randomized controlled trial of a multicomponent intervention to reduce sitting time among office workers. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:1209. [PMID: 32770969 PMCID: PMC7414748 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-09226-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Multicomponent workplace-based interventions aimed at reducing sitting time among office workers are becoming increasingly popular. ‘Take a Stand!’ was such an intervention, reducing sitting time by 71 min after 1 month and 48 min after 3 months. However, it is unclear how the implementation process of ‘Take a Stand!’ affected these results. The present study explored how individual factors and organizational context influenced implementation and effect in ‘Take a Stand!’ Methods This was a mixed-methods study, combining data from interviews, questionnaires and accelerometers. Directed content analysis was used for analysing interviews with participants, ambassadors and managers from the 10 intervention offices in the ‘Take a Stand!’ study. Categories for analysis were taken from Framework for Evaluating Organizational-level Interventions. Interview data were combined with questionnaire and activity data, and multilevel analysis was undertaken to assess how changes in sitting time varied depending on the assessed factors. In addition, interview data were used to underpin results from the multilevel analysis. Results Concurrent institutional changes were found to be a barrier for the intervention by ambassadors, while participants and managers did not find it to be an issue. Management support was consistently highlighted as very important. Participants evaluated ambassadors as being generally adequately active but also, that the role had a greater potential. The motivational and social aspects of the intervention were considered important for the effect. This was supported by regression analyses, which showed that a strong desire to change sitting time habits, strong motivation towards the project, and a high sense of collective engagement were associated to less sitting time at 3 months of about 30 min/8 h working day compared to participants with low scores. Influence from other participants (e.g. seeing others raise their tables) and the use of humour were continuously highlighted by participants as positive for implementation. Finally, the intervention was found to influence the social climate at the workplace positively. Conclusion Individual motivation was related to the sitting time effect of ‘Take a Stand!’, but the organizational culture was relevant both to the implementation and effect within the office community. The organizational culture included among others to ensure general participation, to uphold management and peer-support, and maintain a positive environment during the intervention period. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01996176. Prospectively registered 21 November 2013.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida H Danquah
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Studiestræde 6, 1455, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Stine Kloster
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Studiestræde 6, 1455, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Janne S Tolstrup
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Studiestræde 6, 1455, Copenhagen, Denmark
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40
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Maes I, Ketels M, Van Dyck D, Clays E. The occupational sitting and physical activity questionnaire (OSPAQ): a validation study with accelerometer-assessed measures. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:1072. [PMID: 32631292 PMCID: PMC7339490 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-09180-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Occupational Sitting and Physical Activity Questionnaire (OSPAQ) was developed as an easy-to-use instrument for self-reported assessment of percentage sitting, standing, walking, and performing heavy labour in a workplace setting. This study aimed to evaluate the concurrent validity of all dimensions of the OSPAQ compared to accelerometer-assessed measures of occupational physical activities in a mixed sample of sedentary and physically active professions. Methods Data from the Flemish Employees’ Physical Activity (FEPA) study were used, including employees from the service and production sector. All participants filled in a questionnaire, underwent clinical measurements, and wore two Axivity AX3 accelerometers for at least 2 consecutive working days. Intraclass (ICC) and Spearman rho correlations (r) were analyzed to assess concurrent validity. Results The sample included 401 workers (16% sedentary profession) with a mean age of 39.2 (± 11) years. Concurrent validity was good and moderate for assessing percentage of sitting (ICC = 0.84; r = 0.53), and standing (ICC = 0.64; r = 0.53), respectively. The concurrent validity for walking was weak to moderate (ICC = 0.50; r = 0.49), and weak for performing heavy labour (ICC = 0.28; r = 0.35). Stronger validity scores were found in sedentary professions for occupational sitting and standing. In physically active professions, an underestimation of self-reported sitting and standing was found, and an overestimation of self-reported walking and heavy labour. No significant self-reported over- or underestimation was found for sitting and heavy labour in sedentary professions, but an underestimation of self-reported standing and an overestimation of self-reported walking was observed. Conclusions The OSPAQ has acceptable measurement properties for assessing occupational sitting and standing. Accelerometer-assessed measures of occupational walking and heavy labour are recommended, since a poor concurrent validity was found for both.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Maes
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Margo Ketels
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, University Hospital Ghent, entrance 42 (4K3), Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Delfien Van Dyck
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Els Clays
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, University Hospital Ghent, entrance 42 (4K3), Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
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Johansson MS, Søgaard K, Prescott E, Marott JL, Schnohr P, Holtermann A, Korshøj M. Can we walk away from cardiovascular disease risk or do we have to 'huff and puff'? A cross-sectional compositional accelerometer data analysis among adults and older adults in the Copenhagen City Heart Study. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2020; 17:84. [PMID: 32631371 PMCID: PMC7336624 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-020-00985-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background It is unclear whether walking can decrease cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk or if high intensity physical activity (HIPA) is needed, and whether the association is modified by age. We investigated how sedentary behaviour, walking, and HIPA, were associated with systolic blood pressure (SBP), waist circumference (WC), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) among adults and older adults in a general population sample using compositional data analysis. Specifically, the measure of association was quantified by reallocating time between sedentary behaviour and 1) walking, and 2) HIPA. Methods Cross-sectional data from the fifth examination of the Copenhagen City Heart Study was used. Using the software Acti4, we estimated daily time spent in physical behaviours from accelerometer data worn 24 h/day for 7 days (i.e., right frontal thigh and iliac crest; median wear time: 6 days, 23.8 h/day). SBP, WC, and LDL-C were measured during a physical examination. Inclusion criteria were ≥ 5 days with ≥16 h of accelerometer recordings per day, and no use of antihypertensives, diuretics or cholesterol lowering medicine. The 24-h physical behaviour composition consisted of sedentary behaviour, standing, moving, walking, HIPA (i.e., sum of climbing stairs, running, cycling, and rowing), and time in bed. We used fitted values from linear regression models to predict the difference in outcome given the investigated time reallocations relative to the group-specific mean composition. Results Among 1053 eligible participants, we found an interaction between the physical behaviour composition and age. Age-stratified analyses (i.e., </≥65 years; 773 adults, 280 older adults) indicated that less sedentary behaviour and more walking was associated with lower SBP among older adults only. For less sedentary behaviour and more HIPA, the results i) indicated an association with a lower SBP irrespective of age, ii) showed an association with a smaller WC among adults, and iii) showed an association with a lower LDL-C in both age groups. Conclusions Less sedentary behaviour and more walking seems to be associated with lower CVD risk among older adults, while HIPA types are associated with lower risk among adults. Therefore, to reduce CVD risk, the modifying effect of age should be considered in future physical activity-promoting initiatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melker Staffan Johansson
- Musculoskeletal Disorders and Physical Workload, National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, 2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark. .,Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230, Odense M, Denmark.
| | - Karen Søgaard
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Eva Prescott
- The Copenhagen City Heart Study, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Nordre Fasanvej 57, Hovedvejen indg. 5, st., 2000, Frederiksberg, Denmark.,Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, 2400, Copenhagen NV, Denmark
| | - Jacob Louis Marott
- The Copenhagen City Heart Study, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Nordre Fasanvej 57, Hovedvejen indg. 5, st., 2000, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Peter Schnohr
- The Copenhagen City Heart Study, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Nordre Fasanvej 57, Hovedvejen indg. 5, st., 2000, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Andreas Holtermann
- Musculoskeletal Disorders and Physical Workload, National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, 2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Mette Korshøj
- Musculoskeletal Disorders and Physical Workload, National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, 2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
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Lund Rasmussen C, Johansson MS, Crowley P, Fjeldstad Hendriksen P, Skotte J, Gupta N, Holtermann A. Light-intensity physical activity derived from count or activity types is differently associated with adiposity markers. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2020; 30:1966-1975. [PMID: 32516858 PMCID: PMC7540429 DOI: 10.1111/sms.13743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Aim The aim of this study was to compare the association between count‐ and activity type–based definitions of light‐intensity physical activity (LIPA) and adiposity markers. Methods A total of 516 Danish workers participated in 1‐4 days of hip‐ and thigh‐based accelerometer measurements. Three definitions of average daily time spent in LIPA were derived: LIPA (1) time spent between 100 and 2029 CPM, LIPA (2) time spent moving and slow walking, and LIPA (3) time spent moving, walking slow, and standing. Adiposity markers were body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage, and waist circumference. The cross‐sectional association between the three LIPA definitions and adiposity markers was analyzed and interpreted using compositional regression models followed by reallocation of time between LIPA, moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity (MVPA), and sedentary behavior (SB), respectively. Results The geometric means of daily time (min/day) spent in LIPA 1, LIPA 2, and LIPA 3 were 326, 102, and 274, respectively. We found the direction and strength of the association between the relative importance of daily time spent in LIPA and the adiposity markers to depend on the LIPA definition. For example, reallocating 30 minutes from MVPA to LIPA 1, LIPA 2 and LIPA 3 were associated with a 2.97 (95% CI: 0.68; 5.27), −0.71 (95% CI: −1.43; 0.02), and −0.45 (95% CI: −1.01; 0.11) difference in BMI, respectively. Conclusion Our findings highlight the need for caution when comparing results from studies using different definitions of LIPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Lund Rasmussen
- National Research Center for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Section of Social Medicine, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Melker Staffan Johansson
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Patrick Crowley
- National Research Center for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Jørgen Skotte
- National Research Center for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nidhi Gupta
- National Research Center for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andreas Holtermann
- National Research Center for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Johansson E, Mathiassen SE, Lund Rasmusse C, Hallman DM. Sitting, standing and moving during work and leisure among male and female office workers of different age: a compositional data analysis. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:826. [PMID: 32487107 PMCID: PMC7268323 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-08909-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gendered patterns of physical activity behaviours may help explaining health inequalities between men and women. However, evidence on such patterns in the working population is sparse. This study aimed at documenting and comparing compositions of sitting, standing and moving at work and during leisure among male and female office workers of different age. Methods Sitting (including lying), standing and moving were measured using accelerometry for, on average, four working days in 55 male and 57 female Swedish office workers. Behaviours were described in terms of time spent in four exhaustive categories: sitting in short (< 30 min) and long (≥30 min) bouts, standing, and moving. In a compositional data analysis approach, isometric log-ratios (ilr) were calculated for time sitting relative to non-sitting, time in short relative to long sitting bouts, and time in standing relative to moving. Differences between genders (men vs. women), domains (work vs. leisure), and according to age were examined for each ilr using ANOVA. Results At work, time spent sitting in short bouts, sitting in long bouts, standing, and moving was, on average, 29, 43, 21 and 7% among men, and 28, 38, 26 and 7% among women. Corresponding proportions during leisure were 34, 27, 27 and 13% among men and 28, 27, 32 and 13% among women. Men spent more time sitting relative to non-sitting (\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$ {\eta}_p^2 $$\end{document}ηp2 =0.04, p = 0.03) than women, and less time standing relative to moving (\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$ {\eta}_p^2 $$\end{document}ηp2 =0.07, p = 0.01). At work compared to during leisure, both genders spent more time sitting relative to non-sitting (\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$ {\eta}_p^2 $$\end{document}ηp2 =0.47, p < 0.01); within sitting more time was spent in long relative to short sitting bouts (\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$ {\eta}_p^2 $$\end{document}ηp2 =0.26, p < 0.01), and within non-sitting, more time was spent standing than moving (\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$ {\eta}_p^2 $$\end{document}ηp2 =0.12, p < 0.01). Older workers spent less of their non-sitting time moving than younger workers (\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$ {\eta}_p^2 $$\end{document}ηp2 =0.07, p = 0.01). Conclusion Male office workers spent more time sitting relative to non-sitting than female workers, and more time moving relative to standing. Both genders were sitting more at work than during leisure. Older workers moved less than younger. These workers could likely benefit from interventions to reduce or break up prolonged sitting time, preferably by moving more.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elin Johansson
- Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Department of Occupational Health Sciences and Psychology, University of Gävle, Gävle, Sweden.
| | - Svend Erik Mathiassen
- Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Department of Occupational Health Sciences and Psychology, University of Gävle, Gävle, Sweden
| | - Charlotte Lund Rasmusse
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Section of Social Medicine, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - David M Hallman
- Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Department of Occupational Health Sciences and Psychology, University of Gävle, Gävle, Sweden
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Hendriksen PF, Korshøj M, Skotte J, Holtermann A. Detection of kneeling and squatting during work using wireless triaxial accelerometers. ERGONOMICS 2020; 63:607-617. [PMID: 32100646 DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2020.1734668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Occupational kneeling and squatting are well-documented risk factors for knee disorders. A method using 3 wireless accelerometers to detect and discriminate kneeling and squatting during work were developed based on data from a semi-standardised laboratory protocol. The method was tested for validity under free-living working conditions. The developed method showed high sensitivity (88-99%) and specificity (98-99%) for detection of kneeling and squatting during the semi-standardised laboratory conditions. During free-living working conditions, kneeling showed very high sensitivity (94%) and specificity (99%), while squatting results were non-conclusive due to limited duration of squatting during the free-living working conditions. This method shows great promise for long-term technical measurement of kneeling and squatting during normal working conditions using wireless accelerometers. The method opens up possibilities for using technical measurements to provide valid exposure assessments and intervention evaluations of kneeling and squatting, as well as increased feasibility for technical measurements in large cohort studies. Practitioner summary: Quantification of kneeling and squatting during work is important for prevention, but limited by either imprecise or costly methods. This study developed and validated an inexpensive wireless accelerometer-based measurement method that can be used by practitioners and researchers for long-term measurements of kneeling and squatting during free-living working conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mette Korshøj
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jørgen Skotte
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andreas Holtermann
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Danquah IH, Tolstrup JS. Standing Meetings Are Feasible and Effective in Reducing Sitting Time among Office Workers-Walking Meetings Are Not: Mixed-Methods Results on the Feasibility and Effectiveness of Active Meetings Based on Data from the "Take a Stand!" Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17051713. [PMID: 32151044 PMCID: PMC7084221 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17051713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Active meetings (standing or walking) have the potential to reduce sitting time among office workers. The aim of the present study was to explore the feasibility and effectiveness of standing and walking meetings. The “Take a Stand!” study was a cluster-randomized trial, consisting of multiple components including the possibility of active meetings. Analyses were based on the 173 participants in the intervention group. Feasibility was evaluated by questionnaire and interview data from participants, ambassadors and leaders. Effectiveness was assessed as the change in objectively measured sitting time from baseline to 3 months follow-up. Regular standing meetings were implemented at all offices and were generally popular, as they were perceived as more effective and focused. In contrast, only a few walking meetings were completed, and these were generally associated with several barriers and perceived as ineffective. Participants who participated in standing meetings on a regular basis had 59 min less sitting per 8 h workday (95%CI −101;−17) compared to participants who did not participate in standing meetings at all. Walking meeting participation was not significantly associated with changes in sitting time, likely due to the low number of employees who used this option. This explorative study concludes that standing meetings in office workplaces were feasible and well-liked by the employees, and having frequent standing meetings was associated with reduced sitting time. In contrast, walking meetings were unfeasible and less liked, and thus had no effect on sitting time.
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Application of Raw Accelerometer Data and Machine-Learning Techniques to Characterize Human Movement Behavior: A Systematic Scoping Review. J Phys Act Health 2020; 17:360-383. [PMID: 32035416 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2019-0088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Application of machine learning for classifying human behavior is increasingly common as access to raw accelerometer data improves. The aims of this scoping review are (1) to examine if machine-learning techniques can accurately identify human activity behaviors from raw accelerometer data and (2) to summarize the practical implications of these machine-learning techniques for future work. METHODS Keyword searches were performed in Scopus, Web of Science, and EBSCO databases in 2018. Studies that applied supervised machine-learning techniques to raw accelerometer data and estimated components of physical activity were included. Information on study characteristics, machine-learning techniques, and key study findings were extracted from included studies. RESULTS Of the 53 studies included in the review, 75% were published in the last 5 years. Most studies predicted postures and activity type, rather than intensity, and were conducted in controlled environments using 1 or 2 devices. The most common models were support vector machine, random forest, and artificial neural network. Overall, classification accuracy ranged from 62% to 99.8%, although nearly 80% of studies achieved an overall accuracy above 85%. CONCLUSIONS Machine-learning algorithms demonstrate good accuracy when predicting physical activity components; however, their application to free-living settings is currently uncertain.
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Lidegaard M, Lerche AF, Munch PK, Schmidt KG, Rasmussen CL, Rasmussen CDN, Mathiassen SE, Straker L, Holtermann A. Can childcare work be designed to promote moderate and vigorous physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness and health? Study protocol for the Goldilocks-childcare randomised controlled trial. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:237. [PMID: 32066404 PMCID: PMC7026977 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-8291-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite extensive efforts, issues like obesity and poor physical capacity remain challenges for a healthy work life in several occupations. The Goldilocks work principle offers a new approach, encouraging design of productive work to promote physical capacity and health. This paper presents the protocol for the Goldilocks-childcare study, a randomised controlled intervention trial aiming to evaluate the effectiveness of implementing the Goldilocks work principle in childcare. The primary aim of the intervention is to increase time in moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) by having the childcare workers act as active role models for children in daily playful physical activities, and thereby improve cardiorespiratory fitness and health of the workers. METHODS The study is a cluster-randomised trial with a usual-practice wait-list control group. The 10-week intervention consists of two phases. In the first, the childcare workers will participate in two participatory workshops aiming to a) develop playful physical activities ('Goldilocks-games') for children in which childcare workers participate as active role models at MVPA intensity, and b) develop action plans for implementation of the Goldilocks-games in daily work routines. In the second phase, childcare institutions will implement the Goldilocks-games. The primary outcome is working time spent in MVPA, and secondary outcomes are cardiorespiratory fitness, sleeping heart rate, perceived need for recovery, and productivity. Primary outcome and process evaluation will be based on direct measurements of physical activity and heart rate, determination of cardiorespiratory fitness, and questionnaires. DISCUSSION If proven effective, the Goldilocks work principle has a large potential for promoting sustainable health and working lives of childcare workers. TRIAL REGISTRATION ISRCTN, ISRCTN15644757, Registered 25th December 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Lidegaard
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Nordisk Health & Safety, Bagsværd, Denmark.
| | | | | | | | - Charlotte Lund Rasmussen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, Section of Social Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Svend Erik Mathiassen
- Department of Occupational Health Sciences and Psychology, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Gävle, Gävle, Sweden
| | - Leon Straker
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Andreas Holtermann
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Institute of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Lunde LK, Koch M, Merkus SL, Knardahl S, Wærsted M, Veiersted KB. Associations of objectively measured forward bending at work with low-back pain intensity: a 2-year follow-up of construction and healthcare workers. Occup Environ Med 2020; 76:660-667. [PMID: 31413188 PMCID: PMC6824615 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2019-105861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to determine possible associations between objectively measured forward bending at work (FBW) and low-back pain intensity (LBPi) among Norwegian construction and healthcare workers. Methods One-hundred and twenty-five workers wore two accelerometers for 3–4 consecutive days, during work and leisure to establish duration of ≥30° and ≥60° forward bending. The participating workers reported LBPi (0–3) at the time of objective measurements and after 6, 12, 18 and 24 months. We investigated associations using linear mixed models with significance level p≤0.05 and presented results per 100 min. Results The duration of ≥30° and ≥60° FBW was not associated with average LBPi during follow-up, neither for the total sample nor stratified on work sector. Furthermore, analyses on all workers and on construction workers only found no significant association between ≥30° or ≥60° FBW and change in LBPi over the 2-year follow-up. For healthcare workers we found a consistent significant association between the duration of ≥30° FBW at baseline and the change in LBPi during follow-up, but this was not found for ≥60° FBW. Conclusions This study suggests that objectively measured duration of FBW in minutes is not associated with average levels of, or change in LBPi in construction workers over a 2-year period. In healthcare workers, exposure to ≥30° FBW was associated with change in LBPi, while we did not find this for ≥60° FBW. Results may indicate that the associations between FWB and LBP vary depending on type of work tasks, gender or sector-specific factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars-Kristian Lunde
- Department of Work Psychology and Physiology, National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Markus Koch
- Department of Work Psychology and Physiology, National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Suzanne Lerato Merkus
- Department of Work Psychology and Physiology, National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Stein Knardahl
- Department of Work Psychology and Physiology, National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Morten Wærsted
- Department of Work Psychology and Physiology, National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kaj Bo Veiersted
- Department of Work Psychology and Physiology, National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway
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Mathiassen SE, Bolin M, Olofsdotter G, Johansson E. Equal health at work? Protocol for an observational study of work organisation, workload and musculoskeletal complaints among women and men in grocery retail. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e032409. [PMID: 31937651 PMCID: PMC7044914 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-032409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Women generally report more work-related musculoskeletal complaints than men and have higher rates of sickness absence, even within occupations. One likely reason is that work tasks within the occupation are gendered, that is, women and men have different tasks, even when sharing the same job title. Retail is an appealing sector for studying working conditions and work environment in a gender context. The prevalence of work-related complaints is high, physical loads may differ considerably between tasks and the distribution of tasks is likely gendered. The overall aim of this study in retail is to examine factors at the organisational and individual level that may, in a gender perspective, explain working conditions, work tasks, workloads and musculoskeletal health. METHODS AND ANALYSES Data will be collected in two grocery stores, each with 50-70 workers, at two occasions interspersed by about 1 year. In each of these four waves, data collection will include a web-based questionnaire to all workers addressing, for example, work tasks, psychosocial factors, fatigue and pain; semistructured interviews with managers and approximately 10 workers addressing, for example, competences and decision levels; and technical measurements of postures, movements and heart rate in about 30 workers. The study is novel in combining an organisational gender perspective addressed through qualitative methods with a quantitative analysis of tasks, workload and health. The design allows an examination of both how genders may differ, and why they may differ, as well as analyses of the extent to which gendered working conditions change over time in the two participating stores. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Approval of the study by the Swedish Ethical Review Authority (reference number 2017/404) has been obtained. This work will be disseminated by publication of peer-reviewed papers in scientific journals, presentations at scientific conferences and in meetings with representatives from Swedish retail, including unions and employers' organisations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svend Erik Mathiassen
- Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Department of Occupational Health Sciences and Psychology, University of Gävle, Gävle, Sweden
| | - Malin Bolin
- Department of Social Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden
| | | | - Elin Johansson
- Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Department of Occupational Health Sciences and Psychology, University of Gävle, Gävle, Sweden
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Clays E, Hallman D, Oakman J, Holtermann A. Objectively measured occupational physical activity in blue-collar workers: What is the role of job type, gender and psychosocial resources? APPLIED ERGONOMICS 2020; 82:102948. [PMID: 31493536 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2019.102948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The aim was to describe occupational physical activity (OPA) and examine the role of psychosocial job resources among blue-collar workers. In a sample of 198 workers (57% male; mean age 44.9 (SD 9.9) year) from 7 companies in Denmark, two accelerometers (Actigraph) were placed on the thigh and trunk during 1-5 consecutive days, to determine working time spent standing, walking, on feet and in activity of moderate to vigorous intensity level (MVPA). The level of influence and social support at work were assessed by questionnaire. The exposure to OPA significantly varied by particular job type, especially in male predominant occupations. Overall, psychosocial job resources did not affect the exposure to OPA. These findings suggest that workplace interventions aiming to prevent adverse outcomes of OPA among blue-collars workers ought to focus on task redesign and target work organizational factors related to specific job type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Els Clays
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Belgium.
| | - David Hallman
- Department of Occupational and Public Health Sciences, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Gävle, Sweden.
| | - Jodi Oakman
- Department of Public Health, Centre for Ergonomics and Human Factors, La Trobe University, Australia.
| | - Andreas Holtermann
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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