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Weinstein AA, van Aert RCM, Donovan K, Muskens L, Kop WJ. Affective Responses to Acute Exercise: A Meta-Analysis of the Potential Beneficial Effects of a Single Bout of Exercise on General Mood, Anxiety, and Depressive Symptoms. Psychosom Med 2024; 86:486-497. [PMID: 38787545 DOI: 10.1097/psy.0000000000001321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Acute exercise elicits various biobehavioral and psychological responses, but results are mixed with regard to the magnitude of exercise-induced affective reactions. This meta-analysis examines the magnitude of general mood state, anxiety, and depressive symptom responses to acute exercise while exploring exercise protocol characteristics and background health behaviors that may play a role in the affective response. METHODS A total of 2770 articles were identified from a MEDLINE/PubMed search and an additional 133 articles from reviews of reference sections. Studies had to have measured general mood before the acute exercise bout and within 30 minutes after exercise completion. Effect sizes were estimated using Hedges' g , with larger values indicating improvement in the outcome measure. RESULTS A total of 103 studies were included presenting data from 4671 participants. General mood state improved from preexercise to postexercise ( g = 0.336, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.234-0.439). Anxiety ( g = 0.497, 95% CI = 0.263-0.730) and depressive symptoms ( g = 0.407, 95% CI = 0.249-0.564) also improved with exercise. There was substantial and statistically significant heterogeneity in each of these meta-analyses. This heterogeneity was not explained by differences in participants' health status. Meta-regression analyses with potential moderators (intensity of exercise, mode of exercise, usual physical activity level, or weight status of participants) also did not reduce the heterogeneity. CONCLUSION This meta-analysis shows significantly improved general mood, decreased anxiety, and lower depressive symptoms in response to an acute bout of exercise. There was substantial heterogeneity in the magnitude of the effect sizes, indicating that additional research is needed to identify determinants of a positive affective response to acute exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali A Weinstein
- From the Department of Global and Community Health (Weinstein, Donovan), George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia; and Departments of Methodology and Statistics (van Aert), and Medical and Clinical Psychology (Muskens, Kop), Center of Research on Psychological Disorders and Somatic Diseases (CoRPS), Tilburg University, Tilburg, the Netherlands
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Li X, Leng Y, Xiong Z, Liu J. The Effect of Long-Term Learning of BaduanJin on Emotion Regulation: Evidence from Resting-State Frontal EEG Asymmetry. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2024; 17:2391-2401. [PMID: 38912161 PMCID: PMC11192639 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s436506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Baduanjin, as a Chinese traditional fitness exercise, can help people regulate emotions and promote their physical and psychological health. However, the underlying neural mechanisms have not been thoroughly explored. This study aimed to examine the effects of differences in the level of Baduanjin learning on individuals' brain and psychological response related to emotion regulation. Methods Twenty-two participants with long-term Baduanjin learning (for more than one year), and 21 participants with short-term Baduanjin learning (for approximately three months) were recruited. All participants were asked to do a complete 12-minute set of Baduanjin. Before and after doing Baduanjin, their resting-state EEG signals were collected, besides, the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ) and the Profile of Mood States-Short Form (POMS-SF) were used to assess participants' emotion regulation strategies and abilities. Results The results of psychological measurement indicated that participants in the long-term group were more likely to use cognitive reappraisal as an emotion regulation strategy compared to participants in the short-term group (p<0.05). Moreover, the analysis of the frontal alpha asymmetry (FAA) showed that participants in the long-term group rather than the short-term group exhibited significant left lateralization after doing Baduanjin (p<0.05). Conclusion The findings provide preliminary evidence for the neural mechanism underlying how long-term Baduanjin learning promotes individuals' emotion regulation indexed by FAA. The study provides a new paradigm for research on how Baduanjin affects emotional regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhi Li
- Department of Physical Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yue Leng
- School of Biological Sciences and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiheng Xiong
- School of Humanities, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Liu
- WuShu Department, Nanjing Sports Institute, Nanjing, 210046, People’s Republic of China
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Timm I, Giurgiu M, Ebner-Priemer U, Reichert M. The Within-Subject Association of Physical Behavior and Affective Well-Being in Everyday Life: A Systematic Literature Review. Sports Med 2024; 54:1667-1705. [PMID: 38705972 PMCID: PMC11239742 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-024-02016-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The interplay of physical activity (PA) with affective well-being (AWB) is highly critical to both health behaviors and health outcomes. Current prominent theories presume AWB to be crucial for PA maintenance, and PA is evidenced to foster mental health. However, thus far, PA-AWB associations have mainly been researched in laboratory settings and with interventional designs, but the everyday life perspective had not been focused on, mostly due to technological limitations. In the course of digitization, the number of studies using device-based methods to research the within-subject association of physical activity and affective well-being (PA-AWB) under ecological valid conditions increased rapidly, but a recent comprehensive systematic review of evidence across populations, age groups, and distinct AWB components remained inconclusive. OBJECTIVES Therefore, we aimed to firstly review daily-life studies that assessed intensive longitudinal device-based (e.g., electronic smartphone diaries and accelerometry) and real-time PA-AWB data, secondly to develop and apply a quality assessment tool applicable to those studies, and thirdly to discuss findings and draw implications for research and practice. METHODS To this end, the literature was searched in three databases (Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus) up to November 2022. The systematic review followed the PRISMA guidelines and had been pre-registered (PROSPERO id: CRD42021277327). A modified quality assessment tool was developed to illustrate the risk of bias of included studies. RESULTS The review of findings showed that, in general, already short PA bouts in everyday life, which clearly differ from structured exercise sessions, are positively associated with AWB. In particular, feelings of energy relate to incidental (non-exercise and unstructured) activity, and PA-AWB associations depend on population characteristics. The quality assessment revealed overall moderate study quality; however, the methods applied were largely heterogeneous between investigations. Overall, the reviewed evidence on PA-AWB associations in everyday life is ambiguous; for example, no clear patterns of directions and strengths of PA-AWB relationships depending on PA and AWB components (such as intensity, emotions, affect, mood) emerged. CONCLUSIONS The reviewed evidence can fuel discussions on whether the World Health Organization's notion "every move counts" may be extended to everyday life AWB. Concurrently, the PA-AWB relationship findings endorse prominent theories highlighting the critical role of AWB in everyday PA engagement and maintenance. However, the review also clearly highlights the need to advance and harmonize methodological approaches for more fine-grained investigations on which specific PA/AWB characteristics, contextual factors, and biological determinants underly PA-AWB associations in everyday life. This will enable the field to tackle pressing challenges such as the issue of causality of PA-AWB associations, which will help to shape and refine existing theories to ultimately predict and improve health behavior, thereby feeding into precision medicine approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Timm
- Mental mHealth Lab, Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hertzstr. 16, 76187, Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Marco Giurgiu
- Mental mHealth Lab, Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hertzstr. 16, 76187, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Ulrich Ebner-Priemer
- Mental mHealth Lab, Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hertzstr. 16, 76187, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), partner site Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Markus Reichert
- Mental mHealth Lab, Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hertzstr. 16, 76187, Karlsruhe, Germany.
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.
- Department of eHealth and Sports Analytics, Faculty of Sport Science, Ruhr University Bochum, Gesundheitscampus-Nord 10, 44801, Bochum, Germany.
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Yang S, Jing L, He Q, Wang H. Fostering emotional well-being in adolescents: the role of physical activity, emotional intelligence, and interpersonal forgiveness. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1408022. [PMID: 38840739 PMCID: PMC11150801 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1408022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Adolescence is considered a stress-sensitive developmental period, and the escalating and sustained pressure during this phase poses a significant threat to the mental and physical well-being of adolescents. Therefore, enhancing positive emotions in adolescents is crucial. This study aims to investigate the impact of physical activity on the emotional intelligence, interpersonal forgiveness, and positive emotions of adolescents. Methods Using a cluster sampling method, data were collected from 500 adolescents in four schools across the Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture of Hunan Province, China. A total of 428 valid questionnaires were collected and analyzed. The study employed AMOS v.23 to construct a structural equation model to validate the hypotheses. Results The results indicate that physical activity significantly influences the emotional intelligence, interpersonal forgiveness, and positive emotions of adolescents. Furthermore, emotional intelligence and interpersonal forgiveness mediate the relationship between physical activity and positive emotions. Discussion Based on these findings, collaborative efforts from government agencies, schools, and families are essential to provide robust support for adolescents' participation in physical activity, encouraging more adolescents to actively engage in sports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shicheng Yang
- School of Physical Education, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, China
| | - Longjun Jing
- School of Physical Education, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, China
| | - Qianqian He
- Faculty of Economics, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Huilin Wang
- School of Business, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, China
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Han X, Ashraf M, Shi H, Nkembo AT, Tipparaju SM, Xuan W. Combined Endurance and Resistance Exercise Mitigates Age-Associated Cardiac Dysfunction. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2024:e2400137. [PMID: 38773896 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202400137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024]
Abstract
Aging is associated with a decline in cardiac function. Exercise has been shown to effectively reduce the risks of cardiovascular diseases. Here whether a combination of endurance and resistance exercises can improve cardiac function in aged mice during late life is investigated. Through transcriptome analysis, several signaling pathways activated in the hearts of 22-month-old mice after combined exercise, including cardiac muscle contraction, mitophagy, and longevity regulation are identified. Combined exercise training mitigated age-associated pathological cardiac hypertrophy, reduced oxidative stress, cardiac senescence, and enhanced cardiac function. Upstream stimulatory factor 2 (Usf2) is upregulated in the aged mouse hearts with combined exercise compared to sedentary mice. In the human cardiomyocytes senescent model, overexpression of Usf2 led to anti-senescence effects, while knockdown of Usf2 exacerbated cellular senescence. The results suggest that a combination of endurance and resistance exercises, such as swimming and resistance running, can mitigate age-related pathological cardiac remodeling and cardiac dysfunction in late life. These cardioprotective effects are likely due to the activation of Usf2 and its anti-senescence effect. Therefore, Usf2 can potentially be a novel therapeutic target for mitigating age-related cardiac dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Han
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, USF Health Taneja College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Muhammad Ashraf
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, USF Health Taneja College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Hong Shi
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Augustine T Nkembo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, USF Health Taneja College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Srinivas M Tipparaju
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, USF Health Taneja College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Wanling Xuan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, USF Health Taneja College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
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Ma S, Xu Y, Xu S, Guo Z. The effect of physical fitness on psychological health: evidence from Chinese university students. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1365. [PMID: 38773390 PMCID: PMC11106851 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18841-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite frequent discussions on the link between physical and mental health, the specific impact of physical fitness on mental well-being is yet to be fully established. METHOD This study, carried out between January 2022 and August 2023, involved 4,484 Chinese University students from eight universities located in various regions of China. It aimed to examine the association between physical fitness on psychological well-being. Descriptive statistics, t-tests, and logistic regression were used to analyze the association between physical fitness indicators (e.g., Body Mass Index (BMI), vital capacity, and endurance running) and mental health, assessed using Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90). All procedures were ethically approved, and participants consented to take part in. RESULTS Our analysis revealed that BMI, vital capacity, and endurance running scores significantly influence mental health indicators. Specifically, a 1-point increase in BMI increases the likelihood of an abnormal psychological state by 10.9%, while a similar increase in vital capacity and endurance running decreases the risk by 2.1% and 4.1%, respectively. In contrast, reaction time, lower limb explosiveness, flexibility, and muscle strength showed no significant effects on psychological states (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION Improvements in BMI, vital capacity, and endurance running capabilities are associated with better mental health outcomes, highlighting their potential importance in enhancing overall well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuzhen Ma
- College of Public Administration, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China.
- Department of Sports Studies, Faculty of Educational Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Yanqi Xu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Nonferrous Metals and Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploration of Nonferrous Metal Deposits and Efficient Utilization of Resources, Ministry of Education, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Simao Xu
- College of Sports Medicine and health, Chengdu Sports University, Chengdu, 61004, China
| | - Zhicheng Guo
- Public physical education Department, Guangxi Arts and Crafts School, Liuzhou, 545005, China
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Yan W, Wang Y, Yuan Y, Farid M, Zhang P, Peng K. Timing Matters: A Longitudinal Study Examining the Effects of Physical Activity Intensity and Timing on Adolescents' Mental Health Outcomes. J Youth Adolesc 2024:10.1007/s10964-024-02011-9. [PMID: 38767791 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-024-02011-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Physical activity is universally acknowledged for its benefits to mental health; however, the specific intensities and timings that best benefit adolescents' mental health, crucial due to their significant influence on daily schedules, have not been thoroughly investigated. This study addresses the substantive research gap by exploring the varied effects of physical activity intensity (light versus moderate to vigorous) and timing (weekdays versus weekends and holidays) on adolescent mental health. Utilizing a large-scale longitudinal dataset (NT1 = 84,054; NT2 = 44,623) from 158 schools, this research describes the current state of adolescent physical activity and investigates the effects of physical activity on mental health outcomes, including positive (i.e., life satisfaction, positive mental health) and negative indicators (depression, anxiety), over a 6-month period. Participants were adolescents aged 9-19 years (mean age = 12.73 ± 2.43 years, 48.9% female), with the analysis adjusted for potential confounding factors. Results showed that as adolescents grow older, their engagement in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity during both weekdays and weekends/holidays tends to decrease, while light physical activity during weekdays increases. Multilevel regression analysis indicated that moderate-to-vigorous physical activity during weekends/holidays at Time 1 positively correlated with better mental health outcomes at Time 2 (six months later), featuring enhanced positive indicators and reduced negative ones. Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity on weekdays at Time 1 was positively linked to mental health at Time 2. Light physical activity during weekends/holidays at Time 1 positively predicted life satisfaction and positive mental health at Time 2. In contrast, light physical activity on weekdays at Time 1 negatively correlated with life satisfaction at Time 2. The study underscores the importance of promoting moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, particularly on weekends and holidays, to improve mental health outcomes among adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yan
- Stanford Graduate School of Education, Stanford University, California, USA
- School of Social Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuling Wang
- School of Social Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Yidan Yuan
- School of Social Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - May Farid
- Joan B. Kroc School of Peace Studies, the University of San Diego's, California, USA
| | - Peng Zhang
- School of Social Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Kaiping Peng
- School of Social Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
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Shawahna R, Jaber M, Zmiro A, Kashkoush S. Factors associated with physical inactivity among Palestinians with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated in resource-limited settings. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11256. [PMID: 38755152 PMCID: PMC11099123 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60876-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
This study determined the prevalence and the associated factors with meeting the recommended amount of physical activity among type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients receiving care in resource-limited settings of the West Bank of Palestine. Physical activity was assessed using the World Health Organization's Global Physical Activity Questionnaire. Associations were examined using multivariate logistic regression. Of the 302 patients included, 117 (38.7%) met the recommended amount of physical activity. Being younger than 58 years [aOR = 2.1 (95% CI 1.0-4.3], were employed [aOR = 2.3 (95% CI 1.1-4.9)], had high income [aOR = 3.9 (95% CI 1.3-11.9)], had thought that physical activity was crucial for T2DM patients [aOR = 32.7 (95% CI 3.9-275.5)], did not have comorbidities [aOR = 2.2 (95% CI 1.1-4.4)], had normal weight [aOR = 2.8 (95% CI 1.3-6.0)], and those who were overweight [aOR = 2.6 (95% CI 1.1-6.0)] were more likely to meet the recommended amount of physical activity compared to the patients who were 58 years or older, had low income, did not think that physical activity was crucial for T2DM patients, had comorbidities, and were obese, respectively. There is a need to increase physical activity among T2DM patients in resource limited settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramzi Shawahna
- Department of Physiology, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, New Campus, Building: 19, Office: 1340, Nablus, Palestine.
- Clinical Research Center, An-Najah National University Hospital, Nablus, 44839, Palestine.
| | - Mohammad Jaber
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
- An-Najah National University Hospital, Nablus, 44839, Palestine
| | - Arob Zmiro
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Sewar Kashkoush
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
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Mu FZ, Liu J, Lou H, Zhu WD, Wang ZC, Li B. Influence of physical exercise on negative emotions in college students: chain mediating role of sleep quality and self-rated health. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1402801. [PMID: 38765486 PMCID: PMC11100322 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1402801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Negative emotions in college students are a significant factor affecting mental health, with suicide behaviors caused by negative emotions showing an annual increasing trend. Existing studies suggest that physical exercise is essential to alleviate negative feelings, yet the intrinsic mechanisms by which it affects negative emotions have not been fully revealed. Objective Negative emotions in college students represent a significant issue affecting mental health. This study investigates the relationship between physical exercise and negative emotions among college students, incorporating sleep quality and self-rated health (SRH) as mediators to analyze the pathway mechanism of how physical exercise affects students' negative emotions. Methods A cross-sectional study design was utilized, employing online questionnaires for investigation. The scales included the Physical Activity Rating Scale-3 (PARS-3), the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-21 (DASS-21), the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and the 12-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-12), resulting in the collection of 30,475 valid questionnaires, with a validity rate of 91%. Chain mediation tests and Bootstrap methods were applied for effect analysis. Results The proportions of university students engaged in low, medium, and high levels of physical exercise were 77.6, 13.1, and 9.3%, respectively. The proportions of students experiencing "very severe" levels of stress, anxiety, and depression were 4.5, 10.9, and 3.6%, respectively. Physical exercise was significantly positively correlated with self-rated health (r = 0.194, p < 0.01), significantly negatively correlated with sleep quality (r = -0.035, p < 0.01), and significantly negatively correlated with stress, anxiety, and depression (r = -0.03, p < 0.01; r = -0.058, p < 0.01; r = -0.055, p < 0.01). Sleep quality was significantly negatively correlated with self-rated health (r = -0.242, p < 0.01). Mediation effect testing indicated that sleep quality and self-rated health partially mediated the relationship between physical exercise and negative emotions, with total effect, total direct effect, and total indirect effect values of -1.702, -0.426, and - 1.277, respectively. Conclusion College students primarily engage in low-intensity physical activity. Sleep quality and self-rated health mediate the impact of physical exercise on students' negative emotions. A certain level of physical activity can directly affect students' emotional states and indirectly influence their negative emotions via sleep and self-rated health. Regular engagement in physical activities primarily positively impacts emotional states by enhancing mood stability and overall emotional resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan-zheng Mu
- Institute of Sports Science, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Institute of Sports Science, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Hu Lou
- Institute of Sports Science, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Wei-dong Zhu
- Institute of Sports Science, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Zhen-cheng Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bo Li
- Institute of Sports Science, Nantong University, Nantong, China
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Thorenz K, Sudeck G, Berwinkel A, Weigelt M. The Affective Responses to Moderate Physical Activity: A Further Study to Prove the Convergent and the Discriminant Validity for the German Versions of the Feeling Scale and the Felt Arousal Scale. Behav Sci (Basel) 2024; 14:317. [PMID: 38667113 PMCID: PMC11047626 DOI: 10.3390/bs14040317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The present study proves the construct validity of the German versions of the Feeling Scale (FS) and the Felt Arousal Scale (FAS) for measuring the affective responses (affective valence and arousal) for a moderate-intensity jogging (JG) exercise. In previous studies, both scales were validated for a high-intensity bicycle ergometer exercise and for relaxation techniques. In the present study, 194 participants performed the JG exercise for 45 min and completed the FS and the FAS, as well as the Self-Assessment Manikin (SAM), for a self-other comparison in a pre-test-intervention-post-test design. The results of the correlation analyses replicated the previous findings for the high-intensity bicycle ergometer exercise and the relaxation techniques, revealing significant positive correlations for the valence dimension between the FS and the SAM-Pleasure subscale (r = 0.50) and for the arousal dimension between the FAS and the SAM-Arousal subscale (r = 0.16). These findings suggest that the German versions of the FS and the FAS are also suitable for exercises of moderate intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Thorenz
- Department of Sport and Health, University of Paderborn, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
| | - Gorden Sudeck
- Institute of Sports Science, University of Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andre Berwinkel
- University Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (EvKB), Campus Bielefeld-Bethel, University of Bielefeld, 33617 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Matthias Weigelt
- Department of Sport and Health, University of Paderborn, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
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Gaia JWP, Schuch FB, Ferreira RW, Souza EDL, Ferreira VMS, Pires DA. Effects of high-intensity interval training on depressive and anxiety symptoms in healthy individuals: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2024; 34:e14618. [PMID: 38566446 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Although evidence regarding the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on mental health has increased in recent years, there is still no consensus regarding the effects of HIIT on the symptoms of depression and anxiety in a healthy population. Therefore, this systematic review aimed to investigate the effects of HIIT on depressive and/or anxiety symptoms in healthy individuals. The following four databases were searched: PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and PsycINFO. Only randomized clinical trials (RCTs) were included. We performed a random-effects meta-analysis based on standardized mean difference (SMD). The risk of bias was assessed using the RoB 2.0 tool, and the certainty of the evidence was evaluated based on recommendations GRADE. Eight RCTs evaluating 471 participants (81% female) were considered eligible for inclusion. The results of the meta-analysis showed that HIIT-based interventions had no significant effect on reducing anxiety (SMD = -0.17; 95% CI: -0.53, 0.19; p = 0.27) and depressive symptoms (SMD = -0.38; 95% CI: -1.06, 0.30; p = 0.17) compared with the passive control group. In conclusion, HIIT does not improve symptoms of depression and anxiety in healthy individuals. This finding is based on evidence of very low certainty. Therefore, the evidence is still not consistent enough to support HIIT as a viable strategy to reduce both outcomes because of the limited number of included studies and the overall quality of evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhonatan Wélington Pereira Gaia
- Graduate Program in Human Movement Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Castanhal, Pará, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Felipe Barreto Schuch
- Department of Sports Methods and Techniques, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
- Institute of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Providência, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Weyll Ferreira
- Graduate Program in Human Movement Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Castanhal, Pará, Brazil
| | - Edielen de Lima Souza
- Graduate Program in Human Movement Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Castanhal, Pará, Brazil
| | | | - Daniel Alvarez Pires
- Graduate Program in Human Movement Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Castanhal, Pará, Brazil
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12
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Morava A, Dillon K, Sui W, Alushaj E, Prapavessis H. The effects of acute exercise on stress reactivity assessed via a multidimensional approach: a systematic review. J Behav Med 2024:10.1007/s10865-024-00470-w. [PMID: 38468106 DOI: 10.1007/s10865-024-00470-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Psychological stress is associated with numerous deleterious health effects. Accumulating evidence suggests acute exercise reduces stress reactivity. As stressors activate a wide array of psychological and physiological systems it is imperative stress responses are examined through a multidimensional lens. Moreover, it seems prudent to consider whether stress responses are influenced by exercise intervention characteristics such as modality, duration, intensity, timing, as well as participant fitness/physical activity levels. The current review therefore examined the role of acute exercise on stress reactivity through a multidimensional approach, as well as whether exercise intervention characteristics and participant fitness/physical activity levels may moderate these effects. Stress reactivity was assessed via heart rate, blood pressure, cortisol, catecholamines, and self-report. A systematic search following PRISMA guidelines of five databases was updated in November 2022. Reviewed studies met the following criteria: English language, participants aged ≥ 18, use of acute exercise, use of a validated stress-inducing task, and assessment(s) of stress reactivity. Thirty-one studies (1386 participants) were included. Acute exercise resulted in reliable reductions to blood pressure and cortisol. Acute exercise yielded mostly negligible effects on heart rate reactivity and negligible effects on self-report measures. As for exercise intervention characteristics, intensity-dependent effects were present, such that higher intensities yielded larger reductions to reactivity measures, while limited evidence was present for duration, modality, and timing-dependent effects. Regarding participant fitness/physical activity levels, the effects on stress reactivity were mixed. Future work should standardize the definitions and assessment time points of stress reactivity, as well as investigate the interaction between physiological and psychological stress responses in real-world contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anisa Morava
- School of Kinesiology, Western University, London, ON, Canada.
| | - Kirsten Dillon
- School of Kinesiology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Wuyou Sui
- School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Erind Alushaj
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
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13
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Parker VL, Liechty JM, Cantoni NP. Associations Between Trauma and Health Behaviors and Outcomes Among Sexual Minoritized Adults: A Scoping Review. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2024:15248380241233270. [PMID: 38415318 DOI: 10.1177/15248380241233270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Sexual minoritized (SM) adults experience health disparities and report higher rates of trauma history compared to heterosexual adults. This scoping review synthesizes the extant literature that investigates associations between trauma and physical health among SM adults. It also describes research instruments utilized to assess trauma in relation to health outcomes among SM adults. We searched CINAHL, LGBT+ Life, PsycINFO, and PubMed to identify studies meeting inclusion criteria: peer-reviewed, English, assessed trauma as an independent variable, and assessed health behaviors or outcomes among SM adults. From 587 nonduplicate articles, 69 full texts were reviewed; 18 met criteria and were included in this review. To enhance rigor, we utilized the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Scoping Reviews checklist. Most (n = 12) of the included studies were cross-sectional. Trauma was assessed 16 different ways, including 9 validated measures, in relation to 5 health behaviors and 17 health conditions. Trauma was operationalized by history of childhood sexual abuse, adverse childhood experiences, lifetime rape, current symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder, and lifetime victimization among SM adults. All but one study found associations between trauma and one or more unfavorable health behaviors or outcomes. Studies used widely heterogeneous instruments to assess trauma, health, and SM identity. Greater specification and standardization of measurement is needed, along with contextualized assessments of trauma and its impact on health such as sexual minority stress-related victimization and resilience, and post-traumatic growth and recovery processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Janet M Liechty
- University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, USA
- Carle-Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, USA
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14
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Gústafsson BJ, Puljević C, Davies EL, Barratt MJ, Ferris J, Winstock A, Piatkowski T. Sweating for Sobriety: Exploring the Relationship Between Exercise Engagement and Substance Use Disorders. J Psychoactive Drugs 2024:1-11. [PMID: 38299228 DOI: 10.1080/02791072.2024.2311143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Despite various interventions available for substance use disorders, relapse rates remain substantial and, therefore, alternative strategies for attenuating dependence are needed. This study examined the associations between exercise frequency, illicit substance use, and dependence severity among a large sample of people who use drugs. The study utilized data from the Global Drug Survey 2018 (N = 57,110) to investigate the relationship between exercise frequency, illicit substance use, and substance dependence severity. Binomial regressions were employed to examine the relationship between exercise and SDS scores for 9 drugs. Greater exercise frequency correlated with reduced severity of substance dependence for specific drugs: cannabis (χ2 = 14.75, p < .001), MDMA (χ2 = 4.73, p = .029), cocaine (χ2 = 8.37, p = .015), amphetamine powder (χ2 = 6.39, p = .041), and methamphetamine (χ2 = 15.17, p < .001). These findings suggest a potential link between exercise and reduced substance use dependency. Further research is needed to understand the complex dynamics between exercise and substance use, considering potential bidirectional relationships and concurrent factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baldur Jón Gústafsson
- School of Law, Department of Criminology and Sociology, Middlesex University, London, UK
| | - Cheneal Puljević
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Emma L Davies
- Centre for Psychological Research, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
| | - Monica J Barratt
- Social and Global Studies Centre and Digital Ethnography Research Centre, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jason Ferris
- Centre for Health Services Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Adam Winstock
- South London and Maudsley NHS Trust/Kings College London, London, UK
- Global Drug Survey, London, UK
| | - Timothy Piatkowski
- School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Mount Gravatt, Australia
- Griffith Centre for Mental Health, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
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15
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Weiss KE, Li R, Wang X, Vandeleur D, Havkins S, Palermo TM. Longitudinal Pain Outcomes Following an Intensive Pediatric Pain Rehabilitation Program: Testing Potential Treatment Mechanisms. Clin J Pain 2024; 40:82-91. [PMID: 37921580 DOI: 10.1097/ajp.0000000000001171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study tested performance measures of physical functioning and pain-related psychosocial measures as potential mechanisms of improvements in outcomes following intensive outpatient interdisciplinary pain rehabilitation for adolescents. We hypothesized that improvements in performance measures of physical functioning, fear of pain, pain catastrophizing, and self-efficacy during treatment would be related to improvements in pain, functional disability, and depressive symptoms. METHODS Seventy-seven adolescents, 10 to 18 years old, completed self-report measures before treatment, after the first week, at discharge, and at the 3-month follow-up. Participants completed physical performance measures of physical and exercise capacity and core strength on day 1, after the first week, and at discharge. Linear mixed models were used to examine the association between changes in potential mechanisms and changes in outcomes, adjusting for age, sex, pain duration, and baseline functional disability. RESULTS Statistically significant improvement in functional disability, pain, and depressive symptoms was demonstrated across the 4 time points. Improvements were also demonstrated in physical performance measures, fear of pain, pain catastrophizing, and self-efficacy. Improvements in pain catastrophizing predicted improvements in functional disability, pain, and depressive symptoms. Improvements in self-efficacy predicted improvements in all outcome variables except depression. Improvements in physical performance measures predicted improvements in some aspects of functional disability and pain, but not depressive symptoms. DISCUSSION This study contributes to the growing literature on the effectiveness of pediatric intensive interdisciplinary pain rehabilitation programs and mechanisms that influence improvements in outcomes, an area that is currently underexplored. Results are important to guide future research and inform clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen E Weiss
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington
- Center for Child Health, Behavior and Development, Seattle Children's Research Institute
| | - Rui Li
- Center for Child Health, Behavior and Development, Seattle Children's Research Institute
| | - Xing Wang
- Biostatistics Epidemiology and Analytics in Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute
| | - Daron Vandeleur
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington
- Center for Child Health, Behavior and Development, Seattle Children's Research Institute
| | - Sabina Havkins
- Rehabilitation Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA
| | - Tonya M Palermo
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington
- Center for Child Health, Behavior and Development, Seattle Children's Research Institute
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16
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Ho BD, Gullett JM, Anton S, Franchetti MK, Bharadwaj PK, Raichlen DA, Alexander GE, Rundek T, Levin B, Visscher K, Woods AJ, Cohen RA. Associations between physical exercise type, fluid intelligence, executive function, and processing speed in the oldest-old (85 +). GeroScience 2024; 46:491-503. [PMID: 37523033 PMCID: PMC10828155 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-00885-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While much is known about the effects of physical exercise in adult humans, literature on the oldest-old (≥ 85 years old) is sparse. The present study explored the relationship between self-reported engagement in physical exercise and cognition in the oldest-old. METHODS The sample included 184 cognitively healthy participants (98 females, MoCA mean score = 24.81) aged 85 to 99 years old (mean = 88.49 years). Participants completed the Community Healthy Activities Model Program for Seniors (CHAMPS) questionnaire and a cognitive battery including NIH-TB, Coding, Symbol Search, Letter Fluency, and Stroop task. Three groups of participants - sedentary (n = 58; MoCA mean score = 24; 36 females; mean age = 89.03), cardio (n = 60; MoCA mean score = 25.08; 29 females; mean age = 88.62), and cardio + strength training (n = 66; MoCA mean score = 25.28; 33 females; mean age = 87.91) - were derived from responses on CHAMPS. RESULTS Analyses controlled for years of education, NIH-TB Crystallized Composite, and metabolic equivalent of tasks. The cardio + strength training group had the highest cognitive performances overall and scored significantly better on Coding (p < 0.001) and Symbol Search (p < 0.05) compared to the sedentary group. The cardio + strength training group scored significantly better on Symbol Search, Letter Fluency, and Stroop Color-Word compared to the cardio group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest self-reported exercise in the oldest-old is linked to better performance on cognitive measures of processing speed and executive functioning, and that there may be a synergistic effect of combining aerobic and resistance training on cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Duy Ho
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory Clinical Translational Research, Evelyn F. and William L. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| | - Joseph M Gullett
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory Clinical Translational Research, Evelyn F. and William L. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Stephen Anton
- Institute On Aging, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | | | | | - David A Raichlen
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Gene E Alexander
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Tatjana Rundek
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Bonnie Levin
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Kristina Visscher
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Heersink School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Adam J Woods
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory Clinical Translational Research, Evelyn F. and William L. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Ronald A Cohen
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory Clinical Translational Research, Evelyn F. and William L. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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17
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Mohamed AA, Abdallah AA, Jan YK. Role of Enhancing Aerobic Capacity in Countering COVID-19-induced Liver Injury in Elderlies. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2024; 24:418-429. [PMID: 37937559 DOI: 10.2174/0118715303250788231018080821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 is still a world disaster; however, its vaccination is globally available. Liver and gastrointestinal disturbances occur in patients infected with COVID-19 at varying incidences. Aging decreases the functions of the liver. Thus, the elderly have a weaker response to the COVID-19 virus. The COVID-19 virus affects the liver directly through direct and indirect mechanisms. It directly affects the renin-angiotensin system or indirectly causes sepsis, uncontrolled immune reactions, drug-related hepatic injury, and cytokine storm. Also, COVID-19 vaccines and anti-drugs have adverse effects on the liver too. Thus, this review explores the effect of enhancing aerobic capacity as a nonpharmacological intervention on decreasing COVID- 19-induced liver injury. Enhancing aerobic capacity decreases COVID-19-induced liver injury through the following: 1) downregulating systemic and tissue ACE/ANG II/AT1R axis, upregulating ACE2/ANG 1-7/Mas axis, and moving the renin-angiotensin system to the direction of the ACE2/ANG (1-7)/Mas axis, 2) Improving mitochondrial function and oxygenation to body and lung tissues, causing a decrease in harmful oxidative reactions, 3) Increasing the processing of accumulated free radicals and inhibiting the acute respiratory distress syndrome, 4) Acting as an antioxidant to protect the liver from oxidative stress, 5) Increasing the effect of antiviral drugs and COVID-19 vaccines, which improves the function of immune biomarkers, decreases the viral load, and increases the body's defense against the virus, 6) Decreasing coagulation abnormalities and thrombosis. In conclusion, enhancing aerobic capacity may be an efficient nonpharmacological intervention to decrease COVID-19-induced liver injury in elderlies and regenerate the liver to its normal status after being infected by the COVID-19 virus. It also helps to strengthen the body's immunity for better effects of both COVID-19 vaccination and drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman A Mohamed
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt
- Faculty of Physical Therapy, Nahda University, Beni Suef, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A Abdallah
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt
| | - Yih-Kuen Jan
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
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18
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Yao ZF, Hsieh S, Yang MH. Exercise habits and mental health: Exploring the significance of multimodal imaging markers. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2023; 286:179-209. [PMID: 38876575 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2023.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Engaging in regular physical activity and establishing exercise habits is known to have multifaceted benefits extending beyond physical health to cognitive and mental well-being. This study explores the intricate relationship between exercise habits, brain imaging markers, and mental health outcomes. While extensive evidence supports the positive impact of exercise on cognitive functions and mental health, recent advancements in multimodal imaging techniques provide a new dimension to this exploration. By using a cross-sectional multimodal brain-behavior statistic in participants with different exercise habits, we aim to unveil the intricate mechanisms underlying exercise's influence on cognition and mental health, including the status of depression, anxiety, and quality of life. This integration of exercise science and imaging promises to substantiate cognitive benefits on mental health and uncover functional and structural changes underpinning these effects. This study embarks on a journey to explore the significance of multimodal imaging metrics (i.e., structural and functional metrics) in deciphering the intricate interplay between exercise habits and mental health, enhancing the comprehension of how exercise profoundly shapes psychological well-being. Our analysis of group comparisons uncovered a strong association between regular exercise habits and improved mental well-being, encompassing factors such as depression, anxiety levels, and overall life satisfaction. Additionally, individuals who engaged in exercise displayed enhanced brain metrics across different modalities. These metrics encompassed greater gray matter volume within the left frontal regions and hippocampus, improved white matter integrity in the frontal-occipital fasciculus, as well as more robust functional network configurations in the anterior segments of the default mode network. The interplay between exercise habits, brain adaptations, and mental health outcomes underscores the pivotal role of an active lifestyle in nurturing a resilient and high-functioning brain, thus paving the way for tailored interventions and improved well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zai-Fu Yao
- College of Education, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City, Taiwan; Research Center for Education and Mind Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City, Taiwan; Basic Psychology Group, Department of Educational Psychology and Counseling, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City, Taiwan; Department of Kinesiology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City, Taiwan.
| | - Shulan Hsieh
- Cognitive Electrophysiology Laboratory, Control, Aging, Sleep, and Emotion (CASE), National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan; Department of Psychology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan; Institute of Allied Health Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan; Department of Public Health, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan.
| | - Meng-Heng Yang
- Cognitive Electrophysiology Laboratory, Control, Aging, Sleep, and Emotion (CASE), National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan
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19
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He Y, Wu C, LeMoult J, Huang J, Zhao Y, Liang K, Chen S, Wang E, Huang L, Chi X. Exploring symptom-level associations between anxiety and depression across developmental stages of adolescence: a network analysis approach. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:941. [PMID: 38093232 PMCID: PMC10720222 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-05449-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anxiety and depression often co-occur during adolescence, but the associations between symptoms of these two disorders in this developmental period are not yet fully understood. Network analysis provides a valuable approach to uncover meaningful associations among symptoms and offers insights for prevention and intervention strategies. This study aimed to investigate symptom-level associations between anxiety and depression using network analysis and to identify core symptoms, bridge symptoms, and differences in network structure across different stages of adolescence. METHODS The cross-sectional study was conducted in March 2022 in Shenzhen, China. Participants completed the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale-7 and Patient Health Questionnaire Depression Scale, along with demographic questionnaires assessing age and gender. Chinese adolescents aged 10 to 17 who were in Grades 5 or 6 of elementary school, Grades 1 or 2 of middle school, or Grades 1 or 2 of high school, and who could comprehensively understand and read Chinese were recruited as participants. Students in Grade 3 of middle and high schools were excluded due to their upcoming high school or college entrance examinations. Based on age, participants were categorized into early, middle, and late developmental stages of adolescence. RESULTS "Loss of control" was among the most central symptoms in the comorbidity network throughout all three developmental stages; "excessive worry" and "anhedonia" emerged as the core symptoms in early adolescence, and "restlessness" as the core symptom in late adolescence. "Anhedonia," "sad mood," and "fatigue" were identified as bridge symptoms between anxiety and depression across all three developmental stages of adolescence. The global strength of the network in middle adolescence was significantly higher compared to the other two stages. CONCLUSION These findings highlight the core and bridge symptoms that require special attention and intervention at each stage of adolescence. Moreover, significantly higher network connectivity in middle adolescence suggests this is a critical period for intervention to prevent the development of comorbid mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhan He
- School of psychology, Shenzhen University, No. 3688, Nanhai Avenue, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, China
- The Shenzhen Humanities & Social Sciences Key Research Bases of the Center for Mental Health, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chengrui Wu
- Graduate School of Education, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Applied Social Science, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Joelle LeMoult
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Jiasheng Huang
- Department of Psychology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- School of psychology, Shenzhen University, No. 3688, Nanhai Avenue, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, China
- The Shenzhen Humanities & Social Sciences Key Research Bases of the Center for Mental Health, Shenzhen, China
| | - Kaixin Liang
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Shiyun Chen
- Department of Applied Social Science, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Enna Wang
- School of Psychology, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Liuyue Huang
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Xinli Chi
- School of psychology, Shenzhen University, No. 3688, Nanhai Avenue, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, China.
- The Shenzhen Humanities & Social Sciences Key Research Bases of the Center for Mental Health, Shenzhen, China.
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20
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Tang M, Liu W, Li H, Li F. Greenness and chronic respiratory health issues: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1279322. [PMID: 38125839 PMCID: PMC10732026 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1279322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The number of chronic respiratory disease (CRD) individuals worldwide has been continuously increasing. Numerous studies have shown that greenness can improve chronic respiratory health issues through different mechanisms, with inconsistent evidence. By quantitatively summarizing existing studies, our purpose is to determine the connection between greenness exposure and various chronic respiratory health. Methods We conducted a comprehensive search on PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science core databases to identify relevant studies on the correlation between greenness exposure and chronic respiratory health issues. Studies published up to January 2023 were included in the search. The study used the most frequent indicator (normalized difference vegetation index [NDVI]) as the definition of greenness exposure. Results We finally identified 35 studies for meta-analysis. We calculated pooled effects across studies using a random-effects model and conducted a subgroup analysis by age and buffer zones to discuss the effects on chronic respiratory health issues. This study showed that 0.1 increments in NDVI were significantly related to lower rates of asthma incidence, lung cancer incidence, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) mortality risk; the pooled RRs were 0.92 (95% CI: 0.85-0.98), 0.62 (95% CI: 0.40-0.95), and 0.95 (95% CI: 0.92- 0.99), respectively. For the age subgroup, the higher greenness exposure level was related to the incidence rate of asthma among teenagers aged 13-18years (RR: 0.91; 95% CI: 0.83-0.99). For the buffer subgroup, a positive relationship with greenness exposure and asthma incidence/prevalence at 200-300m and 800- 1000m buffers, as well as the COPD mortality at 800-1000m buffer, the pooled RRs were 0.92 (95% CI: 0.86-0.98), 0.87 (95% CI: 0.81-0.93), and 0.93 (95% CI: 0.88- 0.98), respectively. Evidence of publication bias was not detected in this study. Discussion Our study is the first global meta-analysis between greenness and various CRDs to report an inverse association. Further research is needed in order to determine the effect of greenness exposure on different CRDs. Therefore, when planning for green development, more consideration must be given to public health and green management as intervention measures. https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPEROFILES/384029_STRATEGY_20230116.pdf.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingcheng Tang
- School of Landscape Architecture and Forestry, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wei Liu
- School of Art, Qufu Normal University, Rizhao, Shandong, China
| | - Haifang Li
- School of Landscape Architecture and Forestry, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Fengyi Li
- School of Landscape Architecture and Forestry, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
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21
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Scrivano L, Tessari A, Marcora SM, Manners DN. Active mobility and mental health: A scoping review towards a healthier world. Glob Ment Health (Camb) 2023; 11:e1. [PMID: 38390252 PMCID: PMC10882204 DOI: 10.1017/gmh.2023.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Research has proven that engaging in active mobility (AM), namely walking and cycling for transportation, significantly enhances physical activity levels, leading to better physical health. It is still unclear whether AM could also offer any mental health benefits. This scoping review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the current knowledge on the relationship between AM and mental health, given its crucial role in public health. The authors searched online databases to isolate primary studies written in English involving an adult sample (16 or over). AM was the exposure factor. Many mental health elements were included as outcomes (depression, anxiety, self-esteem, self-efficacy, stress, psychological and subjective well-being, resilience, loneliness and social support, quality of life, mood, life satisfaction and sleep). The results were organised in a narrative summary per each outcome selected, graphical syntheses and an overview of gaps to be further examined. The authors identified a total of 55 papers as relevant. The results show inconsistency in study designs, definition and operationalisation of the variables, approach and methodologies used. A cross-sectional design was the dominant choice, primarily examining data from national public health surveys. Nonetheless, there has been improvement in outcomes of interests, initially mainly the quality of life and affect. Lately, authors have focused on a broader range of mental health-related factors (such as travel satisfaction). The experimental studies showed promising mental health improvements in those who used active modes more than those who used motorised vehicles. It creates a rationale for further research towards implementing a unified theoretical and methodological framework to study the link between AM and mental health. The ultimate goal is to generate solid conclusions that could support building societies and cities through public health promotion and sustainable strategies, like walking and cycling as a means of transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana Scrivano
- Department of Sciences for the Quality of Life, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessia Tessari
- Department of Psychology "Renzo Canestrari", Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Samuele M Marcora
- Department of Sciences for the Quality of Life, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - David N Manners
- Department of Sciences for the Quality of Life, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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22
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Wender CLA, Ray LN, Sandroff BM, Krch D. Exercise as a behavioral approach to improve mood in persons with traumatic brain injury. PM R 2023. [PMID: 37874561 DOI: 10.1002/pmrj.13091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Mood disturbance is a common, long-term, negative consequence of traumatic brain injury (TBI) that is insufficiently addressed by most traditional treatment modalities. A large body of evidence supports the efficacy of exercise training (ET) to broadly improve mood, as measured most often by the Profile of Mood States (POMS). However, this behavioral approach is not used nearly enough in the TBI population, and when it is, mood is rarely measured. This scoping review will evaluate the use of POMS as a mood measure in TBI research and to establish a rationale for using ET as a behavioral approach to broadly improve mood in persons with TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carly L A Wender
- Center for Traumatic Brain Injury Research, Kessler Foundation, East Hanover, New Jersey, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Rutgers-NJ Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - LaShawnna N Ray
- Military Performance Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Brian M Sandroff
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Rutgers-NJ Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
- Center for Neuropsychology & Neuroscience Research, Kessler Foundation, West Orange, New Jersey, USA
| | - Denise Krch
- Center for Traumatic Brain Injury Research, Kessler Foundation, East Hanover, New Jersey, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Rutgers-NJ Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
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Ketelhut S, Querciagrossa D, Bisang X, Metry X, Borter E, Nigg CR. The effectiveness of the Wim Hof method on cardiac autonomic function, blood pressure, arterial compliance, and different psychological parameters. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17517. [PMID: 37845341 PMCID: PMC10579249 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44902-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The Wim Hof method (WHM) is a multi-disciplinary approach to physical and mental well-being combining cold exposure, breathing exercises, and meditation. This study evaluated the effects of a 15 days WHM intervention on cardiovascular parameters at rest and during a cold pressor test (CPT), as well as on various psychological parameters. Forty two participants were randomized into an intervention (IG) and a control group. Throughout the 15 days intervention, the IG performed the WHM daily. Before and after the intervention, systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), pulse wave velocity (PWV), heart rate (HR), root mean sum of squared distance (RMSSD), and standard deviation of RR-intervals (SDNN) were assessed at rest and during a CPT. Furthermore, perceived stress (PSS), positive affect (PANAS+), negative affect (PANAS-), and subjective vitality (trait (SVSt) and state (SVSs)) was determined. No significant time × group interactions could be detected in HR (p = 0.709); RMSSD (p = 0.820), SDNN (p = 0.186), SBP (p = 0.839), DBP (p = 0.318), PWV (p = 0.983), PANAS+ (p = 0.427), PANAS- (p = 0.614), SVSt (p = 0.760), SVSs (p = 0.366), and PSS (p = 0.364). No significant time × group effects could be detected during the CPT (ΔHR: p = 0.596; ΔSBP: p = 0.366; ΔDBP: p = 0.999; ΔPWV: p = 0.635; perceived pain: p = 0.231). Performing the WHM daily did not exert positive effects on cardiovascular and psychological parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sascha Ketelhut
- Institute of Sport Science, University of Bern, Bremgartenstrasse 145, 3012, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Dario Querciagrossa
- Institute of Sport Science, University of Bern, Bremgartenstrasse 145, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Xavier Bisang
- Institute of Sport Science, University of Bern, Bremgartenstrasse 145, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Xavier Metry
- Institute of Sport Science, University of Bern, Bremgartenstrasse 145, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Eric Borter
- Institute of Sport Science, University of Bern, Bremgartenstrasse 145, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Claudio R Nigg
- Institute of Sport Science, University of Bern, Bremgartenstrasse 145, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
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Maeneja R, Silva CR, Ferreira IS, Abreu AM. Aerobic physical exercise versus dual-task cognitive walking in cognitive rehabilitation of people with stroke: a randomized clinical trial. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1258262. [PMID: 37901076 PMCID: PMC10611528 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1258262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Stroke is a neurological deficit caused by an acute focal injury to the central nervous system due to vascular injury that can result in loss of neurological function, lasting brain damage, long-term disability and, in some cases, death. The literature reports that aerobic physical exercise, as well as dual-task cognitive walking, are used for the cognitive recovery of people with stroke. We aimed to assess whether aerobic physical exercise influences post-stroke cognitive recovery, namely performance on selective and sustained attention. We tested the hypothesis that post-stroke aerobic physical exercise leads to more significant gains than post-stroke dual-task cognitive walking. Methods We used a Randomized Clinical Trial, single-blind, parallel group, to verify the existence of differences between two groups. A total of 34 patients with subacute to chronic stroke were divided into two groups to train three times a week for 12 weeks: the aerobic physical exercise (PE) group engaged in 20 min on a treadmill, 20 min on a stationary bicycle and 5 min on a desk bike pedal exerciser per session; the dual-task (DT) gait exercise group walked for 45 min while simultaneously performing cognitive tasks per session. All participants were assessed on cognitive functioning with the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and d2 Test of Attention before acute interventions and post interventions. We have also applied a Visual Analog Scale to monitor the participants' perceived difficulty, pre-, post-acute, and post-chronic interventions. Participants also responded to a Borg Scale of perceived exertion following the acute and the final session of chronic training. Results A mixed model ANOVA revealed a significant interaction effect with a large effect size for most of the cognitive variables under study. The variables associated with the d2 Test of Attention showed significant differences between the groups, mainly from T0 to T2. Also for MMSE, an ANOVA revealed a significant interaction effect with significant improvements from T0 to T2. Our results strongly suggest that aerobic physical exercise is more beneficial than dual-task cognitive-gait exercise since in the PE group, cognitive attention scores increase, and cognitive impairment and perception of exertion decrease, compared to the DT group. Conclusion These findings support that PE provides more significant benefits for patients post-stroke when compared to DT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reinaldo Maeneja
- Institute of Health Sciences, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde e Desporto, Universidade Save, Maxixe, Mozambique
| | - Cláudia R. Silva
- Institute of Health Sciences, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Escola Superior de Saúde de Alcoitão, Alcabideche, Portugal
| | - Inês S. Ferreira
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidade Europeia, Lisbon, Portugal
- Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive and Behavioral Intervention (CINEICC), Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da Educação (FPCE), Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Psychological Assessment and Psychometrics Laboratory (PsyAssessmentLab), Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da Educação (FPCE), Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Maria Abreu
- Institute of Health Sciences, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Health, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Lisbon, Portugal
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25
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Singh B, Olds T, Curtis R, Ferguson T, Matricciani L, Brown WJ, Dumuid D, Esterman A, Maher C. Association between the use of weight management strategies and weight change among Australian adults over 12 months: an observational study. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1461. [PMID: 37525173 PMCID: PMC10391811 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16277-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a growing, global public health issue. This study aimed to describe the weight management strategies used by a sample of Australian adults; examine the socio-demographic characteristics of using each strategy; and examine whether use of each strategy was associated with 12-month weight change. METHODS This observational study involved a community-based sample of 375 healthy adults (mean age: 40.1 ± 5.8 years, 56.8% female). Participants wore a Fitbit activity monitor, weighed themselves daily, and completed eight online surveys on socio-demographic characteristics. Participants also recalled their use of weight management strategies over the past month, at 8 timepoints during the 12-month study period. RESULTS Most participants (81%) reported using at least one weight management strategy, with exercise/physical activity being the most common strategy at each timepoint (40-54%). Those who accepted their current bodyweight were less likely to use at least one weight management strategy (Odds ratio = 0.38, 95% CI = 0.22-0.64, p < 0.01) and those who reported being physically active for weight maintenance had a greater reduction in bodyweight, than those who did not (between group difference: -1.2 kg, p < 0.01). The use of supplements and fasting were associated with poorer mental health and quality of life outcomes (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS The use of weight management strategies appears to be common. Being physically active was associated with greater weight loss. Individuals who accepted their current body weight were less likely to use weight management strategies. Fasting and the use of supplements were associated with poorer mental health. Promoting physical activity as a weight management strategy appears important, particularly considering its multiple health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Singh
- Alliance for Research in Exercise Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Timothy Olds
- Alliance for Research in Exercise Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Rachel Curtis
- Alliance for Research in Exercise Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Ty Ferguson
- Alliance for Research in Exercise Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Lisa Matricciani
- Alliance for Research in Exercise Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Wendy J Brown
- University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Dorothea Dumuid
- Alliance for Research in Exercise Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Adrian Esterman
- Alliance for Research in Exercise Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Carol Maher
- Alliance for Research in Exercise Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
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26
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Wirth MD, Meyer J, Jessup A, Dawson RM. Barriers and Facilitators of Diet, Physical Activity Levels, and Sleep Among Nursing Undergraduates and Early-Career Nurses: A Qualitative Descriptive Study. Am J Health Promot 2023:8901171231179437. [PMID: 37263962 DOI: 10.1177/08901171231179437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Mechanisms leading to burnout, associated with high turnover in nursing, may start as early as in nursing school. Given health habits (e.g., diet, physical activity, and sleep) can exacerbate or lessen the impact of burnout, this study examined current barriers and facilitators to healthy diet, physical activity levels, and sleep among nursing undergraduates (UGs) and early-career nurses (ECNs). RESEARCH DESIGN Qualitative descriptive study. SAMPLE 25 nursing UGs and 25 ECNs (within 3 years of graduation) from a Southeastern college of nursing. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS After development of theory-informed interview guides, participants conducted interviews either in-person or by phone, which were audio-recorded and transcribed. Braun and Clarke's six-step thematic analysis was used to analyze the transcripts. RESULTS All but one (aged 54) UG was in their early 20s and ECNs were in their early to mid-20s. Most participants were white, females. Time and stress were the strongest barriers among UGs and ECNs for adherence to healthy diet, physical activity, although stress did act as a facilitator for physical activity in a subset of both UGs and ECNs. Shiftwork was a common barrier to healthy behaviors among ECNs. CONCLUSION The fact that the more common and stronger barriers to healthier behaviors among UGs and ECNs were the same give credence to the idea that processes associated with burnout begin during or before nursing education and are persistent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Wirth
- College of Nursing, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Jaclyn Meyer
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Angela Jessup
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Robin M Dawson
- College of Nursing, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
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Rahim HA, Hoseini R, Hoseini Z, Abbas EN, Kareem DA. Health-related factors of the Iraqi adult population during the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic: physical activity, eating behavior, quality of life, general health, and mood states cross-talk. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1046. [PMID: 37264384 PMCID: PMC10233189 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15898-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The lockdown and social distancing caused by Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may have changed Physical Activity Level (PAL), eating behavior, and health habits due to long-term confinement worldwide. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the PAL, eating behavior, Quality of Life (QoL), General Health (GH), and mood states during COVID-19 confinement in a large sample of Iraqi adults. METHODS 3738 healthy adults (age 18-70 years) residing in Halabjeh, Iraq answered the online questionnaires including the short form of international physical activity, GH, three-factor eating (TFEQ-R18), and a short form of the profile of mood states (POMS-SF) questionnaires. Data analysis was done by Chi-square, and Spearman's correlation using SPSS statistical software at a significant level of (P < 0.05). RESULTS The results showed unfavorable PAL, eating behavior, QoL, GH, and mood states in the total population. Low PAL was observed in 69.96% of the men and 75.99% of the women; only 3.60% of the men and 0.77% of the women had a high PAL. There was a significantly positive relationship between low PAL and the incidence of COVID-19 both in men and women (P = 0.801; r = 0.001; and P = 0.682; r = 0.011), respectively; While a significant negative relationship was observed between the moderate and high PAL and the incidence of COVID-19 in men (P = 0.011; r=-0.682 and P = 0.027, r=-0.589), and women (P = 0.001; r=-0.796 and P = 0.018, r=-0.623). No significant relationships were observed between PAL and eating behavior (men: P = 0.086; r = 0.256 and women: P = 0.365, r=-0.121); While, the results show significant positive relationships between PAL with QoL in men (P = 0.012; r = 0.623) and women (P = = 0.001; r = 0.837). based on the results, significant negative relationships between PAL with GH and mood state scores were observed in both men (P = 0.001; r=-0.837 and P = 0.001, r=-0.786) and women (P = 0.010; r=-0.652 and P = 0.001, r=-0.745), respectively. CONCLUSIONS The Iraqi adult population showed low PAL, GH, QoL, and mood state during COVID-19 which might be due to the confinement. Also, the significant relationships between low PAL with GH, and mood state recommends physical activity as a valuable health optimizing factor during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiwa Ahmed Rahim
- Physical Education and Sport Sciences Department, University of Halabja, Kurdistan Region, Halabja, 46018, Iraq
| | - Rastegar Hoseini
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Razi University, P.O.Box. 6714414971, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Zahra Hoseini
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Razi University, P.O.Box. 6714414971, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Eman Najemaldeen Abbas
- Physical Education and Sport Sciences Department, University of Sulaimani, Kurdistan, Iraq
| | - Dashni Anwer Kareem
- Physical Education and Sport Sciences Department, University of Halabja, Kurdistan Region, Halabja, 46018, Iraq
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28
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Lee YH, Fan SY. Psychosocial and environmental factors related to physical activity in middle-aged and older adults. Sci Rep 2023; 13:7788. [PMID: 37179430 PMCID: PMC10182976 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35044-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The social ecological model provides a comprehensive framework for understanding the multiple-level determinants of physical activity. This study explores the significant individual, social, and environmental variables and their interactions in relation to physical activity in middle-aged and older adults in Taiwan. A cross-sectional study design was implemented. Healthy middle-aged and older adults were recruited (n = 697) through face-to-face and online surveys. The data collected comprised self-efficacy, social support, neighbourhood environment, and demographic characteristics. Hierarchical regression was used for statistical analysis. Self-rated health (B = 74.74, p < .001; B = 101.45, p = .022) and self-efficacy (B = 17.93, p < .001; B = 14.95, p = .020) were the significant individual variables in both middle-aged and older adults. Neighbourhood environment (B = 6.90, p = .015) and the interaction between self-efficacy and neighbourhood environment (B = 1.56, p = .009) were significant in middle-aged adults. Self-efficacy was the most significant predictor for all participants, with the positive correlations of neighbourhood environment arising only for middle-aged adults with high self-efficacy. Policy making or project design should consider multilevel factors in order to facilitate their physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Husan Lee
- Department of Nursing, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Yu Fan
- Institute of Gerontology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1 University Road, Tainan City 701, Taiwan.
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29
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Heemskerk C, Strand S, Malmberg L. Physical activity predicts task-related behaviour, affect and tiredness in the primary school classroom: A within-person experiment. BRITISH JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY 2023; 93 Suppl 1:130-151. [PMID: 35661349 PMCID: PMC10952838 DOI: 10.1111/bjep.12523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIM We investigated the dose-response relationship between acute physical activity (PA) intensity during physical education (PE) lessons (dose), and task behaviour and learning experiences in the classroom after PE (response), and mediation effects of acute PA on-task behaviour via learning experiences. METHOD A total of 78 children (Mage = 9.30 years; 43 females) took part. Participants reported learning experiences (tiredness, positive and negative affect) during one afternoon per week for 6 weeks. Their task behaviour was observed (on-task, active off-task and passive off-task) during two classroom lessons. Between the classroom lessons, they took part in a PE lesson, with experimentally induced PA intensity (low, medium and high). Accelerometers were worn for 24 h leading up to and during every intervention afternoon. Participants completed self-reports three times per classroom lesson, both before and after PE. Intra- and interindividual differences in PA, task behaviour and learning experiences were analysed with multilevel structural equation models. RESULTS Moderate PA directly increased on-task behaviour and reduced passive off-task behaviour, whereas light PA increased active off-task behaviour and reduced on-task behaviour. We found no direct effects of vigorous PA or mediated effects of any PA intensity on-task-related behaviour. However, a greater positive affect during PE indirectly led to more on-task and less passive off-task behaviour. Regularly active children reported less tiredness in the classroom. CONCLUSION PE lessons can increase on-task behaviour and reduce both passive and active off-task behaviours. Positive affect and tiredness are indirectly involved in the impact of PA on task-related behaviour. The greatest benefits were found for moderate PA and for PE lessons, which left children feeling positive. Moreover, regular participation in moderate-to-vigorous PA leads children to feel less tired during school lessons.
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30
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Caviness CM, Abrantes AM, O’Keeffe BJ, Legasse AJ, Uebelacker LA. Effects of a bout of exercise on mood in people with depression with and without physical pain. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2023; 28:1068-1075. [PMID: 36315041 PMCID: PMC10006325 DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2022.2141276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
Physical and mental health symptoms can reduce participation in physical activity. The current study assessed the impact of a bout of exercise on mood state in depressed participants with and without current physical pain. We enrolled a community sample of 147 participants (Mage = 45.5; SD = 11.98; 87.1% female) with elevated depressive symptoms. Individuals rated their mood state, completed a 1-mile walk test on a treadmill, and rated their mood state again. Pairwise comparisons between pre- and post-exercise mood ratings were statistically significant (p < .001) and showed improved mood state. People with at least moderate pain showed greater decreases in sadness and irritability from pre- to post- exercise bout. A single bout of exercise was associated with decreased sadness, anxiety, and irritability, and increased energy in a sample of adults with depression. The changes in sadness and irritability were greatest in those who reported at least moderate physical pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celeste M. Caviness
- Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
- Butler Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
| | - Ana M. Abrantes
- Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
- Butler Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
| | | | | | - Lisa A. Uebelacker
- Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
- Butler Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
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31
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Lewańczyk AM, Langham-Walsh E, Edwards L, Branney P, Walters ER, Mitchell P, Vaportzis E. Back Onside protocol: A physical activity intervention to improve health outcomes in people who are unemployed or at risk of unemployment. EVALUATION AND PROGRAM PLANNING 2023; 97:102204. [PMID: 36529025 DOI: 10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2022.102204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Given the effects of physical activity on people's mental and physical health, a better understanding is needed of how physical activity interventions may impact the health of people who are unemployed or at risk of unemployment. This has added urgency in the context of rising rates of poverty-related unemployment in the UK in 2022. The current paper details the protocol used in the evaluation of the Back Onside Programme; a community-based programme delivered by the Bradford Bulls Foundation in the Bradford District. The Programme supports people from low socio-economic backgrounds who are unemployed or at risk of unemployment to maintain regular physical activity through a ten-week physical activity intervention. This pilot study evaluates how a physical activity intervention may impact the mental and physical health of people who are unemployed or at risk of unemployment in an uncontrolled pragmatic pilot study. Four cohorts run back-to-back between May 2021 and May 2022, with separate groups for men (N = 100) and women (N = 60). Physical and wellbeing assessment at baseline and post-intervention is conducted. If the intervention works in this context for these individuals, it will be a promising low-cost community-based intervention for people who are unemployed or at risk of unemployment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lisa Edwards
- University of Bradford, Bradford, UK; Wolfson Centre for Applied Health Research, Bradford, UK
| | - Peter Branney
- University of Bradford, Bradford, UK; Wolfson Centre for Applied Health Research, Bradford, UK
| | - Elizabeth R Walters
- University of Bradford, Bradford, UK; Wolfson Centre for Applied Health Research, Bradford, UK
| | | | - Eleftheria Vaportzis
- University of Bradford, Bradford, UK; Wolfson Centre for Applied Health Research, Bradford, UK.
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Bocarro JN, Casper JM, Bush KA, Steptoe A, DuPree S, Blake V, Kanters MA. An Exploratory Study of a Health and Wellness Intervention on STEM
College Students During COVID-19. RECREATIONAL SPORTS JOURNAL 2023; 47:35-48. [PMCID: PMC9899668 DOI: 10.1177/15588661231154490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
To address the growing health challenges faced by college students, campus
recreation departments have evolved from a primary university intramural sport
setting to organizations that have an increased emphasis on student recruitment,
retention, and overall wellness. Among the strategies used to attract and engage
students in campus recreation programs and services, health coaching shows some
promise as a potentially effective intervention strategy. This study examined
the efficacy of a university campus recreation health coaching program. Students
from Science, Technology, Engineering and Math (STEM) disciplines (n = 34) were
provided with individual, group, and virtual support to assist in developing
effective strategies for academic success. Fitbit data measuring participants’
sleep and physical activity were collected along with self-reported measures of
stress and perceived happiness and focus group qualitative data focused on
participants’ perceptions of the program. Despite the COVID-19 pandemic forcing
the program to adapt, findings suggest that health coaching may be an effective
intervention strategy to help university students cope with the heightened
anxiety and stress levels associated with campus life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason N. Bocarro
- Department of Parks, Recreation &
Tourism Management, North Carolina State University,
Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Jonathan M. Casper
- Department of Parks, Recreation &
Tourism Management, North Carolina State University,
Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Kimberly A. Bush
- Department of Parks, Recreation &
Tourism Management, North Carolina State University,
Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Alexis Steptoe
- Wellness & Recreation, North Carolina State University,
Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Shannon DuPree
- Wellness & Recreation, North Carolina State University,
Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Virginia Blake
- Center for Sport Leadership, Virginia Commonwealth
University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Michael A. Kanters
- Department of Parks, Recreation &
Tourism Management, North Carolina State University,
Raleigh, NC, USA
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Camp N, Fernandes Ramos AC, Hunter K, Boat R, Magistro D. Differences in self-control, self-efficacy and depressive symptoms between active and inactive middle-aged and older adults after 1 year of COVID restrictions. Aging Ment Health 2023; 27:483-488. [PMID: 35333139 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2022.2046691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The psychological impact of the prolonged lockdown measures in the UK as a response to the COVID-19 pandemic is unclear. Our aim was to determine if there are significant differences in self-control, self-efficacy, depressive symptoms and leisure motivation between UK older adults with differing levels of physical activity, and which of these variables can be used to predict activity level after 1 year of lockdown restrictions. METHODS 521 adults aged 50-92 years completed an online survey consisting of several validated measures relating to physical activity, self-control, self-efficacy, depressive symptoms, and leisure motivation. Participant's responses were grouped into active (≥150minutes activity per week) and inactive (<150minutes activity per week). Data was analysed using ANOVA, Pearson's Correlation and Multiple Regression (forward stepwise). RESULTS We found significant differences in self-efficacy, self-control, and depressive symptoms between physically active vs inactive subjects. High levels of self-control and self-efficacy were associated with higher levels of activity and fewer depressive symptoms. Self-control, amotivation, depressive symptoms and self-efficacy were predictors of physical activity level. CONCLUSION Psychological variables including self-control, self-efficacy, depressive symptoms and amotivation can be used to predict physical activity levels in UK middle-aged and older adults following 1 year of Covid restrictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Camp
- SHAPE Research Group, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | | | - Kirsty Hunter
- SHAPE Research Group, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Ruth Boat
- SHAPE Research Group, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Daniele Magistro
- SHAPE Research Group, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
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Oliveira A, Habash R, Ellerton L, Maybank A, Alsubheen S, Marques A, Goldstein R, Brooks D. Interstitial lung diseases specific measures in exercise interventions: A systematic review of measurement properties. Ann Phys Rehabil Med 2023; 66:101682. [PMID: 35659584 DOI: 10.1016/j.rehab.2022.101682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Effects of exercise-based interventions (EBIs) on people with interstitial lung disease (ILD) are not yet fully understood. Reasons may include the limited use of ILD-specific measures and/or the lack of adequate information regarding their measurement properties. The purpose of this review was to summarize the ILD-specific outcome measures used in EBI studies and their measurement properties. METHODS This was a two-phase systematic review: phase 1 identified ILD-specific measures used in EBI studies; phase 2 reviewed their measurement properties. PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, EBSCO and EMBASE were searched up to March 2021. One reviewer extracted data, and 2 reviewers independently assessed studies risk of bias as well as the quality of measurement properties using the Consensus-Based Standards for the Selection of Health Status Measurement Instruments (COSMIN) recommendations. RESULTS Phase 1 identified 18 records. The St George's Respiratory Questionnaire for Interstitial Pulmonary Fibrosis (SGRQ-IPF) was the only ILD-specific outcome measure used (n = 2 trials). Phase 2 resulted in 31 eligible records; measurement properties were reported for 12 measures. Measures presented sufficient content validity, internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha 0.61-0.96), test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient 0.39; 0.96), hypothesis testing and responsiveness but were insufficient for measurement error and indeterminate for cross-cultural and structural validity. The outcome measures King's Brief Interstitial Lung Disease and SGRQ-IPF had higher evidence of adequate measurement properties than other measures. Quality of the evidence was mostly very low to moderate. CONCLUSIONS ILD-specific outcome measures are used infrequently in EBI trials, and there is scarce information regarding their measurement properties. DATABASE REGISTRATION CRD42018112466.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Oliveira
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; West Park Healthcare Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Lab3R - Respiratory Research and Rehabilitation Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, University of Aveiro (ESSUA), Aveiro, Portugal; iBiMED - Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | | | | | - Aline Maybank
- West Park Healthcare Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sanaa Alsubheen
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alda Marques
- Lab3R - Respiratory Research and Rehabilitation Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, University of Aveiro (ESSUA), Aveiro, Portugal; iBiMED - Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Roger Goldstein
- West Park Healthcare Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science Institute, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dina Brooks
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; West Park Healthcare Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science Institute, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Yan W, Jiang Z, Zhang P, Liu G, Peng K. Mindfulness Practice versus Physical Exercise in Enhancing Vitality. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:2537. [PMID: 36767929 PMCID: PMC9916355 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20032537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Vitality is important for subjective well-being and performance, which makes strategies for its enhancement an important research issue. While prior research showed that mindfulness practice and physical exercise are both effective at enhancing vitality, no study has compared their efficacy. This study aimed to address this issue. Seventy-one Chinese adults participated in the study and were randomized to one of the intervention groups, i.e., mindfulness practice or physical exercise. The mindfulness practice group completed guided mindfulness trainings, while the physical exercise group completed self-chosen aerobic trainings for seven days. The levels of vitality and its four factors at three time points (baseline, post-intervention, 7-day follow-up) were measured and compared. Compared with physical exercise, mindfulness practice showed stronger effects in enhancing vitality and maintaining the improvements. The findings suggest that guided mindfulness practice is more effective than self-chosen aerobic physical exercise at enhancing vitality and maintaining its improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yan
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Stanford Graduate School of Education, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Zhongxin Jiang
- Applied Psychology Programme, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518712, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Guanmin Liu
- Institute of Applied Psychology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Kaiping Peng
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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Niu L, Xu J, E Y. Physical Activity and Habitus: Parental Support or Peer Support? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:2180. [PMID: 36767548 PMCID: PMC9914976 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20032180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Social support can affect an individual's physical activity and activity habitus. This study aims to explore: (1) the correlations between physical activity and parental/peer support among Chinese college students; (2) the differences between the effects of parental/peer support on college students' physical activity. To achieve these aims, we conducted a cross-sectional study from September to December 2021, recruiting 1005 students (479 male respondents) from seven comprehensive universities in western China. Through OLS linear regression and quantile regression, we empirically testify that both parental support and peer support have significant influence on physical activity and activity habitus of Chinese college students, and peer support has greater impact. We also examine such effects of both types of support by grouping the samples into two groups on the bases of their existing physical activity habitus. We posit that as the most intimate interpersonal relationships, parental support and peer support play a key role in college students' physical activity and activity habitus, and peer support has greater impact as they step into college. Our study provides insights into the factors of physical activity and activity habitus and we propose that attention regarding the impact of social support should be paid when we are trying to promote the physical activity of college students.
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Yang Y, Wang H. Fear of COVID-19 and Anxiety: Serial Mediation by Trust in the Government and Hope. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2023; 16:963-970. [PMID: 36998742 PMCID: PMC10044058 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s399466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose How to reduce the damage of COVID-19 pandemic to people's mental health is a current research hotspot. The present study examined the mediating role of trust in the government and hope in the relationship between fear of COVID-19 and anxiety. Participants and Methods In this cross-sectional study, a total of 1053 Chinese subjects (20.24±3.97 years old, 85.3% female) were investigated by using the Fear of COVID-19 Scale, Anxiety Scale, Trust in the Government Measure Scale and Herth Hope Scale, which was conducted by an online survey using snowball sampling technique. Hayes PROCESS macro for SPSS was used to test the hypothesized mediating effects of trust in the government and hope in the relationship between fear of COVID-19 and anxiety. Results The fear of COVID-19 could positively predict anxiety level (β=0.36, p<0.001). Results of the mediation analyses demonstrated that trust in the government (β=-0.16, p<0.001) and hope (β=-0.28, p<0.001) mediated the relationship between fear of COVID-19 and anxiety level respectively. Moreover, fear of COVID-19 could also indirectly predict anxiety level through the chain-mediated role of the trust in the government and the hope (β=0.28, p<0.001). Conclusion Our findings shed light on a correlation between fear of COVID-19 and anxiety. This study emphasizes the value of trust in the government and hope in maintaining mental health when individuals face public stress events from both external and internal perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Yang
- School of Educational Science, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, Henan, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Yong Yang, School of Educational Science, Xinyang Normal University, Room 517, Xinyang, Henan, 464000, People’s Republic of China, Email
| | - Huili Wang
- School of Educational Science, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, Henan, People’s Republic of China
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Eklund M, Kiritsis C, Livheim F, Ghaderi A. ACT-based self-help for perceived stress and its mental health implications without therapist support: A randomized controlled trial. JOURNAL OF CONTEXTUAL BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2023.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Lynn S, Basso JC. Development and validation of the multidimensional impacts of movement scale (MIMS) for yoga, weightlifting, and running. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1078996. [PMID: 36935988 PMCID: PMC10014715 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1078996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Movement is an essential element in maintaining overall well-being, producing both physical and mental health benefits. Yoga is a mindful movement practice, with traditional yogic texts providing a framework, called the Koshas, that delineates how an intentional movement practice may impact multidimensional aspects of an individual. To date, no self-report measure examines the multifaceted ways that movement affects the individual at a physical and psychological level. Therefore, we developed the Multidimensional Impacts of Movement Scale (MIMS) by aligning ancient yogic traditions with current neuroscientific concepts. Methods MIMS was developed based on the five categories of the Koshas; 9 questions per Kosha resulted in 45 total questions. Participants (n = 103) self-identified as having yoga, running, or weightlifting as their primary movement practice, engaging in this practice at least 30 min per session, once a week, for the past 3 months. Participants engaged in their usual movement practice and then (within 2 h of their workout session) completed the MIMS along with a series of previously validated questionnaires. After a period of 2 weeks, participants completed their normal movement practice once again and took the MIMS a second time to assess test-retest reliability and Cronbach's alpha. Validity testing included convergent and divergent validity testing through Pearson's product-moment correlations and confirmatory factor analysis. Results One-hundred and three participants completed all study measures. Test-retest reliability demonstrated stability over time (r = 0.737, p < 0.001). Cronbach's alpha was between 0.775 and 0.840 for each of the factors, p < 0.001. MIMS was sensitive to confirmatory and discriminatory validity testing. Validity was also demonstrated through confirmatory factor analysis (i.e., Chi Square, Comparative Fit Index, Root Mean Square Error of Approximation). Conclusion MIMS is a valid and reliable tool to measure the multidimensional impacts of movement. The tool provides information about the effects of movement on a range of physical and psychological elements including subscales representing the body, energy, mind, intuition, and contentment. Physical activities that include aspects of mindfulness may demonstrate the most robust effects on the MIMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Lynn
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Julia C. Basso
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
- Center for Health Behaviors Research, Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at VTC, Roanoke, VA, United States
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
- *Correspondence: Julia C. Basso,
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Rabbing L, Bjørkelo B, Langvik E. Upper and lower musculoskeletal back pain, stress, physical activity, and organisational work support: An exploratory study of police investigative interviewers. Health Psychol Open 2022; 9:20551029221146396. [PMID: 36545002 PMCID: PMC9761228 DOI: 10.1177/20551029221146396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Police investigative interviewers in special victims' units have particularly stressing work conditions. Being few in numbers, with highly specialised competence, the health and well-being of this workgroup are key. This study explores the prevalence of muscular lower and upper back pain and stress and associations with physical activity and organisational work support among 77 police investigators. The police investigative interviewers reported high levels of physical activity. Compared to other police employees, they reported similar levels of musculoskeletal back pain, higher levels of upper back pain, and higher levels of stress. Physical activity was not related to musculoskeletal back pain. In the regression analysis, musculoskeletal back pain was negatively associated with organisational work support. Limitations due to low statistical power and a cross-sectional design apply. However, the study provides interesting insight into the prevalence of musculoskeletal back pain and its association with organisational work support and stress among police employees.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eva Langvik
- Department of Psychology,
Norwegian
University of Science and Technology,
NTNU, Trondheim, Norway,Eva Langvik, Department of Psychology,
University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Edvard Bulls vei, Trondheim 7491,
Norway.
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Cox NJ, Howson F, Ibrahim K, Morrison L, Sayer AA, Roberts HC, Robinson SM. Mood and physical activity are associated with appetite in hospitalised older men and women. Age Ageing 2022; 51:6964929. [PMID: 36580556 DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afac297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The anorexia of ageing is important in the development of malnutrition, frailty and sarcopenia amongst the older population and is a particular problem for hospital inpatients. This study assessed appetite-related factors in a group of hospitalised older adults, to identify potential preventive strategies. DESIGN Cross sectional observational study. SETTING Eleven wards in one large hospital in England. SUBJECTS Older inpatients aged ≥70 years, admitted non-electively. METHODS Appetite was assessed using the four-item Simplified Nutritional Appetite Questionnaire (SNAQ). Associations between SNAQ score and appetite-related factors present in the dataset were assessed in continuous analyses, including habitual physical activity, mood, medication, cognition and living circumstances. RESULTS 200 participants, mean age of 80.7 years (SD 6.9); 40% were women. Prevalence of poor appetite was 43%. In univariate analyses, lower medication count, higher habitual physical activity and better mood were associated with higher SNAQ scores during admission. In a multivariate analysis, independent associations of higher habitual physical activity and better mood with higher SNAQ scores during hospital admission remained. CONCLUSION In this group of older adults, better mood and higher habitual physical activity were independently associated with better appetite during hospital admission. These are potentially modifiable factors and could be targets for future research into interventions for the anorexia of ageing in the hospitalised older population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie J Cox
- Academic Geriatric Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton, UK.,NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Fiona Howson
- Medicine for Older People, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Kinda Ibrahim
- Academic Geriatric Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton, UK.,NIHR Applied Research Collaboration (ARC) Wessex, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Leanne Morrison
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social, Human, and Mathematical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.,Primary Care and Population Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Avan A Sayer
- AGE Research Group, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Helen C Roberts
- Academic Geriatric Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton, UK.,NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK.,NIHR Applied Research Collaboration (ARC) Wessex, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Sian M Robinson
- AGE Research Group, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Difrancesco S, Penninx BW, Merikangas KR, van Hemert AM, Riese H, Lamers F. Within-day bidirectional associations between physical activity and affect: A real-time ambulatory study in persons with and without depressive and anxiety disorders. Depress Anxiety 2022; 39:922-931. [PMID: 36345264 PMCID: PMC9729402 DOI: 10.1002/da.23298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ambulatory assessments offer opportunities to study physical activity level (PAL) and affect at the group and person-level. We examined bidirectional associations between PAL and affect in a 3-h timeframe and evaluated whether associations differ between people with and without current or remitted depression/anxiety. METHODS Two-week ecological momentary assessment (EMA) and actigraphy data of 359 participants with current (n = 93), remitted (n = 176), or no (n = 90) Composite International Diagnostic Interview depression/anxiety diagnoses were obtained from the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety. Positive affect (PA) and negative affect (NA) were assessed by EMA 5 times per day. Average PAL between EMA assessments were calculated from actigraphy data. RESULTS At the group-level, higher PAL was associated with subsequent higher PA (b = 0.109, p < .001) and lower NA (b = -0.043, p < .001), while higher PA (b = 0.066, p < .001) and lower NA (b = -0.053, p < .001) were associated with subsequent higher PAL. The association between higher PAL and subsequent lower NA was stronger for current depression/anxiety patients than controls (p = .01). At the person-level, analyses revealed heterogeneity in bidirectional associations. CONCLUSIONS Higher PAL may improve affect, especially among depression/anxiety patients. As the relationships vary at the person-level, ambulatory assessments may help identify who would benefit from behavioral interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Difrancesco
- Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands,Amsterdam Public Health, Mental Health program, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Brenda W.J.H. Penninx
- Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands,Amsterdam Public Health, Mental Health program, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kathleen R Merikangas
- Genetic Epidemiology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda MD, USA
| | - Albert M. van Hemert
- Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Harriëtte Riese
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Psychiatry, Interdisciplinary Center for Psychopathology and Emotion regulation, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Femke Lamers
- Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands,Amsterdam Public Health, Mental Health program, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Kim E, Park S, Kim S, Choi Y, Cho JH, Kim G. Is altitude a determinant of the health benefits of nature exposure? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Public Health 2022; 10:1021618. [PMID: 36504926 PMCID: PMC9732270 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1021618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Nature exposure is a widely accepted option for promoting public health owing to the recent surge of scientific evidence. However, the actual settings to facilitate this initiative is yet to be extensively reviewed. In this systematic review, we have aimed to provide an up-to-date summary of interventional studies investigating the psycho-physiological effects of forests and urban forests, including details on their physical settings, and investigate an effect-modifying role of altitude and summarize data on the magnitude and shape of the association. Methods A keyword search using five electronic academic databases (PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and Scopus) was conducted to identify relevant articles published in English from the inception year to the end of February 2022. The methodological quality was evaluated using the ROBINS-I or ROB2 tool, depending on the study design. Meta-regression and random effects model were jointly used to examine the relationship between altitude and health outcomes. Results We included 27 eligible studies and 31 cases extracted from 19 studies were used for the meta-analysis. In the meta-regression, we observed a non-linear association between altitude and psycho-physiological effects. Altitude had a positive quadratic association with anxiety (p < 0.000, adjusted R 2 = 96.79%), depression (p < 0.000, adjusted R 2 = 98.78%), and fatigue (p < 0.000, adjusted R 2 = 64.74%) alleviating effects. Conversely, altitude demonstrated a negative non-linear association with the blood pressure-lowering effect (p = 0.009, adjusted R 2 = 32.83%). Additionally, the thermal index (THI) and illuminance (lx) levels were significantly associated with effect sizes of psychological restoration. Discussion This review provides moderate-certainty evidence for an effect-modifying role of altitude. The meta-regression results suggested the optimal and minimal altitude ranges for psychological restoration and physiological relaxation, respectively. Despite some limitations, the study findings provide a significant basis for utilizing altitude, which is easily accessible and simple, to promote the health benefits of nature-based initiatives. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42022310894, identifier: CRD42022310894.
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Gonçalves GCV, Santos ATS, Calixto Júnior R, Dias MPF, Iunes DH, Chaves EDCL, Marino LDS, Borges JBC, Silva Vilela Terra AM. Aquatic Exercise on Brain Activity in Type 2 Diabetic: Randomized Clinical Trial. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:14759. [PMID: 36429477 PMCID: PMC9690811 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192214759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A water-based physical exercise program is extremely important for the rehabilitation of type 2 diabetes. Little is known about its action on cerebral electrical activity. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of a water-based physical exercise protocol on electroencephalographic activity, blood glucose levels, and functional capacity, as well as their correlation, in type 2 diabetics. METHODS Study design: Randomized Clinical Trial. Forty volunteers were randomized into two groups: control (n = 20) and study (n = 20). A water-based physical exercise program comprising 50 min sessions was conducted three times a week for five weeks. Assessments were performed at the pre- and post-intervention and follow-up phases. The qualitative data were compared using the Mann-Whitney test and Chi-Square. Quantitative data were compared using the Kruskal-Wallis, Independent t, and ANOVA mixed tests. The Spearman correlation coefficient was used to correlate the data. RESULTS The data were similar when comparing the groups. Six-minute walk test data increased in the comparison between times (p = 0.01-PrexPos). EEG data decreased in comparison between times (prexfollow-up-p < 0.05), except AF3. EEG data decreased in the timexgroup comparison (prexfollow-up and postxfollow-up-p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The water-based exercise protocol maintained electroencephalographic activity, glucose levels, and functional capacity in people with type 2 diabetes, and there was no relationship between brain electrical activity and capillary blood glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Cândido Viana Gonçalves
- Pos-Graduation in Rehabilitation Sciencies, Institute of Motor Science, Federal University of Alfenas, Santa Clara Campus, Alfenas 37133-840, MG, Brazil
- Human Performance Research Laboratory, Institute of Motor Science, Federal University of Alfenas, Santa Clara Campus, Alfenas 37133-840, MG, Brazil
| | - Adriana Teresa Silva Santos
- Pos-Graduation in Rehabilitation Sciencies, Institute of Motor Science, Federal University of Alfenas, Santa Clara Campus, Alfenas 37133-840, MG, Brazil
- Human Performance Research Laboratory, Institute of Motor Science, Federal University of Alfenas, Santa Clara Campus, Alfenas 37133-840, MG, Brazil
| | - Ruanito Calixto Júnior
- Pos-Graduation in Rehabilitation Sciencies, Institute of Motor Science, Federal University of Alfenas, Santa Clara Campus, Alfenas 37133-840, MG, Brazil
- Human Performance Research Laboratory, Institute of Motor Science, Federal University of Alfenas, Santa Clara Campus, Alfenas 37133-840, MG, Brazil
| | - Miqueline Pivoto Faria Dias
- Pos-Graduation in Rehabilitation Sciencies, Institute of Motor Science, Federal University of Alfenas, Santa Clara Campus, Alfenas 37133-840, MG, Brazil
- Human Performance Research Laboratory, Institute of Motor Science, Federal University of Alfenas, Santa Clara Campus, Alfenas 37133-840, MG, Brazil
| | - Denise Hollanda Iunes
- Pos-Graduation in Rehabilitation Sciencies, Institute of Motor Science, Federal University of Alfenas, Santa Clara Campus, Alfenas 37133-840, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Ligia de Sousa Marino
- Pos-Graduation in Rehabilitation Sciencies, Institute of Motor Science, Federal University of Alfenas, Santa Clara Campus, Alfenas 37133-840, MG, Brazil
| | - Juliana Bassalobre Carvalho Borges
- Pos-Graduation in Rehabilitation Sciencies, Institute of Motor Science, Federal University of Alfenas, Santa Clara Campus, Alfenas 37133-840, MG, Brazil
| | - Andréia Maria Silva Vilela Terra
- Pos-Graduation in Rehabilitation Sciencies, Institute of Motor Science, Federal University of Alfenas, Santa Clara Campus, Alfenas 37133-840, MG, Brazil
- Human Performance Research Laboratory, Institute of Motor Science, Federal University of Alfenas, Santa Clara Campus, Alfenas 37133-840, MG, Brazil
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Wang R, Ekblom MM, Arvidsson D, Fridolfsson J, Börjesson M, Ekblom Ö. The interrelationship between physical activity intensity, cardiorespiratory fitness, and executive function in middle-aged adults: An observational study of office workers. Front Public Health 2022; 10:1035521. [PMID: 36438224 PMCID: PMC9682261 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1035521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous evidence supports a beneficial effect of physical activity on executive function across the whole lifespan. Yet, the interrelationships of the intensities of physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness, and executive function require further investigation in adults. Aim Using unfiltered accelerometry data and high-resolution intensity classification, we sought to estimate the associations of physical activity with cardiorespiratory fitness and executive function in adult office workers. Methods We included 343 full-time office workers (mean age: 42.41 years, range of age: 36-49 years). Executive function was assessed using Stroop, Trail making tests (part-B), and 2-back tests, and a composite score was produced to reflect the general executive function performance. Physical activity was assessed using the Actigraph GT3X+-monitor, worn by each participant for seven days at the hip. Raw accelerometry data were processed by the 10 Hz frequency extended method and divided into 22 intensity bins and sleep time. Cardiorespiratory fitness was estimated using the submaximal Ekblom-Bak cycle ergometer test. Data were analyzed using partial least squares regressions. Results In adults, cardiorespiratory fitness was closely correlated with a wide range of absolute physical activity intensity patterns. A higher level of executive function in adults was associated with both higher absolute physical activity intensities and cardiorespiratory fitness, which was independent of age, sex, and education levels. A very weak association between intensities, fitness, and executive function was observed in high-fit adults. Among low-fit adults, although a positive association started already toward the upper end of moderate intensity, there still appeared to be an association between intensities, cardiorespiratory fitness, and executive function. That is, cardiorespiratory fitness may mediate the association between absolute physical activity intensities and executive function up to a certain level. Conclusion The maintenance of executive function in adulthood was related to both physical activity intensities and cardiorespiratory fitness, while their interrelationship was not equal across fitness levels. It is highly recommended to consider the cardiorespiratory fitness level in future studies that focus on executive functions in aging as well when designing individualized physical activity training programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- Department of Physical Activity and Health, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden,Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, Solna, Sweden,Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States,*Correspondence: Rui Wang
| | - Maria M. Ekblom
- Department of Physical Activity and Health, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden,The Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Solna, Sweden
| | - Daniel Arvidsson
- Center for Health and Performance, Department of Food and Nutrition, and Sport Science, Faculty of Education, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jonatan Fridolfsson
- Center for Health and Performance, Department of Food and Nutrition, and Sport Science, Faculty of Education, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mats Börjesson
- Center for Health and Performance, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden,Sahlgrenska University Hospital/Östra, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Örjan Ekblom
- Department of Physical Activity and Health, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden
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Li J, Huang Z, Si W, Shao T. The Effects of Physical Activity on Positive Emotions in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:14185. [PMID: 36361067 PMCID: PMC9657539 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192114185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Positive emotions help children and adolescents develop good personalities and interpersonal relationships. Evidence shows that participation in physical activity is associated with positive emotions in young people. However, there is still a lack of studies on the effects of physical activity on positive emotions in children and adolescents. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to examine the effects of physical activity on positive emotions in children and adolescents. METHODS Online databases (Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, EBSCOhost, and APA PsycInfo) were searched from inception to August 2022. RESULT A total of 24 articles were eventually included representing 3907 participants from 14 different countries. Overall, the effect of physical activity interventions on positive emotions was significant. The studies revealed that positive emotions were statistically better in the physical activity participation group than in the control group without physical activity (SMD = 0.62, 95% CI: (0.24, 1.01), (p < 0.01). Based on subgroup analyses, we found that participation in aerobic exercise for 30-60 min in adolescents aged ≥12 years had a more significant intervention effect on positive emotions. CONCLUSION These findings indicate that the moods of children and adolescents who participate in physical activity significantly improved compared with the moods of those who do not participate in physical activity. The age, exercise type, and exercise duration of adolescents are important factors influencing the positive emotions resulting from physical activity interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Li
- College of Physical Education and Health Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Zan Huang
- College of Physical Education and Health Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Wenna Si
- College of Physical Education and Health Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Tianyi Shao
- College of Teacher Education, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
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Bruinvels G, Blagrove RC, Goldsmith E, Shaw L, Martin D, Piasecki J. How Lifestyle Changes during the COVID-19 Global Pandemic Affected the Pattern and Symptoms of the Menstrual Cycle. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:13622. [PMID: 36294200 PMCID: PMC9602509 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This research investigated the implications that the COVID-19 pandemic had on the menstrual cycle and any contributing factors to these changes. A questionnaire was completed by 559 eumenorrheic participants, capturing detail on menstrual cycle symptoms and characteristics prior to and during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown period. Over half of all participants reported to have experienced lack of motivation (61.5%), focus (54.7%) and concentration (57.8%). 52.8% of participants reported an increase in cycle length. Specifically, there was an increase in the median cycle length reported of 5 days (minimum 2 days, maximum 32 days), with a median decrease of 3 days (minimum 2 days and maximum 17 days). A lack of focus was significantly associated with a change in menstrual cycle length (p = 0.038) reported to have increased by 61% of participants. Changes to eating patterns of white meat (increase p = 0.035, decrease p = 0.003) and processed meat (increase p = 0.002 and decrease p = 0.001) were significantly associated with a change in menstrual cycle length. It is important that females and practitioners become aware of implications of environmental stressors and the possible long-term effects on fertility. Future research should continue to investigate any long-lasting changes in symptoms, as well as providing education and support for females undergoing any life stressors that may implicate their menstrual cycle and/or symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgie Bruinvels
- Orreco, Ltd., London TW1 3DY, UK
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Richard C. Blagrove
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK
| | | | - Laurence Shaw
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK
| | - Daniel Martin
- School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Lincoln, Lincoln LN6 7GA, UK
| | - Jessica Piasecki
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK
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Zhang Y, Chen M, Liu C, Zhang Z, Fu X. A bibliometric analysis of COVID-19 and physical activity. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e30779. [PMID: 36181070 PMCID: PMC9524527 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000030779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to the huge impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on a global scale, the level of physical activity during confinement has become a widespread concern. This study summarizes the development of performance and research trends in COVID-19 and physical activity over the last 3 years. METHODS Research publications on COVID-19 and physical activity in the past 3 years were downloaded from the Web of Science database. CiteSpace and VOSviewer software were used to analyze the authors, published outputs, journals, cited authors, countries and institutions, co-cited journals, cited references, and keywords. Statistical and centrality analyses were used to identify the active authors, core journals, basic references, hot topics, and cutting-edge fields. RESULTS A total of 1331 papers was retrieved. SMITH L was a prolific author in the field of exercise intervention in COVID-19 with 11 publications. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health was the most productive journal (179 publications) and the most cited journal (1324). The most productive countries and institutions in this field were the USA (322 publications) and Harvard Medical School (21 publications). The four hot keywords in COVID-19 and physical activity research were physical activity, exercise, health, and mental health. CONCLUSIONS This study provides researchers with directions to intervene in changing levels of physical activity during the COVID-19 pandemic and valuable information for researchers in the field of sports medicine to identify potential collaborators, collaborating institutions, hot issues, and research frontiers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Zhang
- Clinical Medical College of Acupuncture Moxibustion and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengtong Chen
- Clinical Medical College of Acupuncture Moxibustion and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunlong Liu
- Clinical Medical College of Acupuncture Moxibustion and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhijie Zhang
- Luoyang Orthopedics Hospital of Henan Province, Luoyang, China
| | - Xihua Fu
- Department of Infectious Diseases Unit, Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xihua Fu, Department of Infectious Diseases Unit, Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou 511486, China (e-mail: )
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Herzberg PY, Stender T, Dechmann JCG, Čolić J, Hoyer J. Do what matters, no matter what! Factorizing positive activities during COVID-19 lockdown. J Health Psychol 2022; 28:477-490. [PMID: 36124687 PMCID: PMC9490392 DOI: 10.1177/13591053221120967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Behavioral activation (BA) interventions systematically encourage positive and value-based activities. Engaging in them is an effective way to counteract negative affect, but it is unknown whether there are subtypes of activities that may have differential effects on mood. This study investigated the factorial structure of 99 potentially rewarding activities used in an online BA intervention during the COVID-19 lockdown. About 3624 German-speaking participants evaluated a list of 99 activities that were easy to apply. We analyzed the initially 99 activities by means of confirmatory factor analysis. Since activities can either be seen as reflective or formative indicators, a reflective as well as a formative model was analyzed. Although the range of chosen activities differed clearly between respondents, a one-factor model provided the best fit. It seems that a general "activity" factor is more important for explaining whether people choose a certain activity or not, than specific characteristics of the activity itself.
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Maeneja R, Ferreira IS, Silva CR, Abreu AM. Cognitive Benefits of Exercise: Is There a Time-of-Day Effect? Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10091766. [PMID: 36141378 PMCID: PMC9498776 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10091766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well established that physical activity benefits cognition. Further, the time of day one engages in physical activity has been suggested to influence cognition. Here, we aimed to understand if there is a time-of-day effect (morning or afternoon) of physical activity on cognition, i.e., if exercising in the morning or afternoon might bring greater cognitive benefits. A total of 56 participants were allocated to one of two groups with the same baseline cognitive performance as well as fitness level (International Physical Activity Questionnaire—IPAQ): 27 to the morning intervention (M) group; and 29 to the afternoon intervention (A) group. In both groups, the participants engaged in an intermittent recovery test (Yo-yo), 4 times a week for 12 weeks. All participants were assessed with the d2 Test of Attention and the Borg scale of perceived exertion pre- and post- acute and chronic intervention. After the first bout of exercise and after 12 weeks, we observed cognitive improvements both in the M and A groups. Surprisingly, we do not find differences between the time of day regarding cognitive benefits. Our results do not support the existence of a time-of-day effect for the attentional cognitive benefits of exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reinaldo Maeneja
- Institute of Health Sciences, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Palma de Cima, 1649-023 Lisbon, Portugal
- Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde e Desporto, Universidade Save, Maxixe 1301, Mozambique
| | - Inês S. Ferreira
- Faculty of Social Sciences and Technology, Universidade Europeia, 1500-210 Lisbon, Portugal
- Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive and Behavioral Intervention (CINEICC), Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da Educação (FPCE), Universidade de Coimbra, 3000-115 Coimbra, Portugal
- Psychological Assessment and Psychometrics Laboratory (PsyAssessmentLab), Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da Educação (FPCE), Universidade de Coimbra, 3000-115 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Cláudia R. Silva
- Institute of Health Sciences, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Palma de Cima, 1649-023 Lisbon, Portugal
- Escola Superior de Saúde de Alcoitão, 2649-506 Alcoitão, Portugal
| | - Ana Maria Abreu
- Institute of Health Sciences, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Palma de Cima, 1649-023 Lisbon, Portugal
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Health, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
- Correspondence:
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