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Shorey S, Thilagamangai, Mathews J, Lim SH, Shi L, Chua JS, Du R, Chan YH, Tan TC, Chee C, Chong YS. Effects of Parental Predictors on Postpartum Depression. West J Nurs Res 2024; 46:517-524. [PMID: 38822693 DOI: 10.1177/01939459241254774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postpartum depression (PPD) is highly prevalent and plagues a significant proportion of parents. Postpartum depression also exerts various negative consequences on infant development and parent-infant relationships. Social support is identified as an important factor influencing many parental predictors, and may affect the development of PPD. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate how perceived social support can indirectly influence PPD symptoms in parents at 6 months postpartum by influencing postpartum anxiety, parental satisfaction, and parental self-efficacy (PSE). METHODS A secondary analysis of data from a randomized controlled trial was used with a cross-sectional exploratory design. A total of 400 Singaporean parents (200 couples) were included, and structural equation modeling was used to analyze the relationships between PPD and potential predictors. RESULTS Findings revealed a less adequate fit between the hypothesized model and the data collected. Social support was found to be a significant predictor of postpartum anxiety, PSE, and parental satisfaction. Postpartum anxiety was a significant predictor of PPD, but PSE and parental satisfaction were not. CONCLUSION This study provides an overview of how different parental predictors may be associated with PPD among Asian parents. Postpartum anxiety significantly predicted PPD, but social support had negative effects on postpartum anxiety, parenting satisfaction, and PSE. The findings provide further insight into how parents at risk of PPD can be identified and demonstrated how social support might negatively impact parental outcomes. More qualitative research with Asian parents is needed to further explain these findings and inform the development of future interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shefaly Shorey
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Thilagamangai
- Division of Nursing, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore
| | | | | | - Luming Shi
- Singapore Clinical Research Institute, Singapore
| | - Jing Shi Chua
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ruochen Du
- Biostatistics Unit, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yiong Huak Chan
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | - Yap Seng Chong
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Lukić P, Žeželj I. Delineating between scientism and science enthusiasm: Challenges in measuring scientism and the development of novel scale. PUBLIC UNDERSTANDING OF SCIENCE (BRISTOL, ENGLAND) 2024; 33:568-586. [PMID: 38160396 DOI: 10.1177/09636625231217900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Scientism proposes science to be an all-powerful human enterprise, able to answer not only all practical but also philosophical or moral questions. We are taking a psychological approach to scientism, studying uncritical trust in science and uncritical trust in scientists as a part of a unique attitudinal tendency. Our novel measure assesses both kinds of trust through short Thurstone scales allowing us to establish a clear threshold for endorsing scientism, thus effectively delineating it from science enthusiasm, which previous instruments were unable to do. We built and refined a novel scale through five stages in which we consulted relevant literature, experts, and laypeople. We demonstrated that uncritical trust in science and scientists are interrelated, yet distinct constructs. As expected, these two subscales positively correlated with dogmatism, scientific knowledge, and overclaiming, but not with knowledge overestimation. The results suggest the new instrument is reliable, valid, and suitable for the lay public.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petar Lukić
- Laboratory for Research of Individual Differences, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Iris Žeželj
- Laboratory for Research of Individual Differences, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Belgrade, Serbia
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Auger V, Sommet N, Normand A. The Perceived Economic Scarcity Scale: A valid tool with greater predictive utility than income. BRITISH JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2024; 63:1112-1136. [PMID: 38205924 DOI: 10.1111/bjso.12719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
This article introduces the Perceived Economic Scarcity Scale (PESS), a novel instrument measuring the subjective evaluation and experience of economic scarcity (the feeling of having insufficient financial resources to meet one's needs). We conducted three high-powered preregistered studies (total N = 1900) to rigorously evaluate the PESS's psychometric properties. In Study 1, we generated a pool of items and used both Principal Component Analysis and Exploratory Factor Analysis to select the most appropriate items. In Study 2, we examined the PESS's construct validity, demonstrating that it measures a distinct construct from related constructs such as subjective social class. In Study 3, we examined the PESS's predictive validity, demonstrating that it is a robust predictor of both affective outcomes (e.g. anxiety-depressive symptoms) and cognitive outcomes (e.g. economic risk-taking). Critically, we found that the PESS not only has incremental validity over and above income but also has greater predictive utility than income. We also found that the PESS score varies depending on the distance-to-pay and has excellent test-retest reliability. Overall, the PESS appears to be a valid and reliable instrument for assessing perceived economic scarcity, and we encourage researchers to use it to better understand the psychological consequences of 'not having enough'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Auger
- LAPSCO, Clermont Auvergne University, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Nicolas Sommet
- LIVES Centre, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alice Normand
- LAPSCO, Clermont Auvergne University, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Neidlinger SM, Peters SE, Gundersen DA, Felfe J. Thriving from work questionnaire: German translation and validation. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1634. [PMID: 38898482 PMCID: PMC11186060 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-19037-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Thriving from Work questionnaire is a comprehensive indicator of positive well-being for employees, applicable in both research and practical contexts. Current discussions underline the crucial impact that employment should have in enriching workers' lives positively and meaningfully, along with the necessity for accurate and dependable tools to assess employee well-being. This study investigated the reliability, validity, and dimensionality of the translated German adaptation of the Thriving from Work questionnaire developed by Peters and colleagues [1, 2]. The questionnaire assesses work-related well-being with 30 items clustered in six domains: emotional and psychological well-being, social well-being, work-life integration, physical and mental well-being, basic needs for thriving, and experiences of work. METHODS This study aimed to convert the Thriving at Work Questionnaire from English into German. We assessed the psychometric characteristics of the German version of the questionnaire by using item response theory with a sample of 567 German employees and examined its criterion validity. RESULTS We found that the long and short German Thriving from Work questionnaire versions are reliable with good construct validity. Criterion validity was demonstrated by relationships with important work and life outcomes, such as life satisfaction, trust in the organizations' management, general well-being, work-related fatigue, and work stress. CONCLUSIONS The current study demonstrated that the German language version of the questionnaire is both a reliable and valid measure of employee well-being. We discuss recommendations for further adaptation and future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M Neidlinger
- Department of Work, Organizational, and Business Psychology, Helmut-Schmidt University, 22043, Hamburg, Germany.
- Center for Work, Health, and Well-being, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Susan E Peters
- Center for Work, Health, and Well-being, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Daniel A Gundersen
- Center for Work, Health, and Well-being, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Rutgers Institute for Nicotine and Tobacco Studies, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Jörg Felfe
- Department of Work, Organizational, and Business Psychology, Helmut-Schmidt University, 22043, Hamburg, Germany
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5
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Sancho-Domingo C, Carballo JL, Coloma-Carmona A, Buysse DJ. Psychometric adaptation of the Spanish version of the Brief Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index in adolescents. J Pediatr Psychol 2024:jsae046. [PMID: 38894636 DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsae046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Good sleep quality is essential for adolescent health, yet sleep difficulties persist in this age group. The 6-item Brief Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (B-PSQI) was recently developed to improve sleep quality assessment, however, its validity in adolescents remains unexplored. This study examined the B-PSQI's psychometric properties in Spanish adolescents and adapted the scoring method to age-specific sleep recommendations. METHODS A cross-sectional study involving 1,065 adolescents (15-17 years; 56.8% female) was conducted in public high schools. Sleep quality was measured using the B-PSQI, the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), the short Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS), and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS). Additionally, depression and anxiety were assessed using the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scales. Reliability, validity, and measurement invariance were analyzed. RESULTS The B-PSQI global scores were 4.5 (SD = 1.9) for the original scoring method and 5.4 (SD = 2.8) for the age-adjusted. The age-adjusted B-PSQI showed satisfactory reliability (ω = 0.84) and concurrent, convergent, and discriminant validity (ISI rS = 0.67; PROMIS rS = 0.71; anxiety rS = 0.40; depression rS = 0.42; ESS rS = 0.29). Adequacy for one-factor structure (χ2(4) = 53.9; CFI = 0.97; TLI = 0.92; RMSEA = 0.108; SRMR = 0.05) and invariance across sexes were supported. Both B-PSQI scoring methods showed similar psychometric properties, but the original yielded a higher percentage of poor sleepers (43.1%; cutoff ≥5) than the age-adjusted version (41.9%; cutoff ≥6). CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that the B-PSQI is a valid and reliable measure to assess adolescent sleep quality. Its scoring can be adjusted to provide age-specific criteria for good sleep. The B-PSQI has potential utility for screening sleep problems and facilitating overall health promotion in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Sancho-Domingo
- Center of Applied Psychology, Department of Health Psychology, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Spain
| | - José Luis Carballo
- Center of Applied Psychology, Department of Health Psychology, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Spain
| | - Ainhoa Coloma-Carmona
- Center of Applied Psychology, Department of Health Psychology, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Spain
| | - Daniel J Buysse
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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6
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Taşdemir İ, Türkyılmaz MD, Hornsby BWY. Reliability and Validity of the Turkish Version of the Vanderbilt Fatigue Scale for Adults. Am J Audiol 2024; 33:532-542. [PMID: 38625122 DOI: 10.1044/2024_aja-23-00209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Listening-related fatigue (LRF) is a prominent topic of research interest. The purpose of this study is to investigate the reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the 40-item Vanderbilt Fatigue Scale for Adults (TR-VFS-A-40). METHOD This study included 317 adults with no hearing loss and 260 adults with hearing loss in the study group, totaling 577 adults aged 18-75 years. While 31 adults in the study group did not use any hearing technology, there were 96 hearing aid users and 123 cochlear implant (CI) users. A subset of 80 CI users completed the TR-VFS-A-40 a second time, 2 weeks later, to assess test-retest reliability. Intraclass correlation coefficients were used to assess test-retest reliability. Cronbach's alpha was used to evaluate internal consistency. To examine construct validity, a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was performed. For concurrent validity analysis, the Checklist Individual Strength (CIS) and TR-VFS-A-40 scores were analyzed using the Spearman correlation test. RESULTS Cronbach's alpha values were excellent for the total scale of .987 and the cognitive, emotional, physical, and social subscales (.953, .954, .955, and .946, respectively). Analyses of concurrent validity revealed strong and significant correlations between CIS and TR-VFS-A-40 scores, indicating a good concurrent validity. The CFA determined that the construct validity of the TR-VFS-A-40 was satisfactory. CONCLUSION The TR-VFS-A-40 is a valid and reliable measure of LRF. SUPPLEMENTAL MATERIAL https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.25457752.
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Affiliation(s)
- İlknur Taşdemir
- Department of Audiology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Benjamin W Y Hornsby
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
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Chan SKW, Pang TSW, Tsui HKH, Suen YN, Yan WC, Tsui CF, Poon LT, Chan CWH, Lo A, Cheung KM, Hui CLM, Chang WC, Lee EHM, Chen EYH, Honer WG. Modeling the effects of treatment resistance and anticholinergic burden on cognitive function domains in patients with schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res 2024; 337:115985. [PMID: 38820652 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2024.115985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
The contribution of anticholinergic burden to cognitive function in patients with treatment resistant schizophrenia (TRS) is uncertain. This case-control study aims to comprehensively examine the association between treatment resistance and cognitive functions and the contribution of anticholinergic burden in patients with schizophrenia. Anticholinergic burden of all patients was calculated using the Anticholinergic Cognitive Burden scale. Exploratory Factor Analysis of 11 cognitive assessments identified four cognitive domains: verbal memory, attention and general cognitive functions, visual memory and processing speed, and executive function. Two structural equation models (SEM) examined the relationship of TRS and these cognitive functions with, and without considering anticholinergic burden. A total of 288 participants were included (TRS N=111, non-TRS N=177). Patients with TRS performed poorer than the non-TRS group only in the executive function domain. Anticholinergic burden contributed significantly to the attention and general cognitive functions, visual memory and processing speed, and executive function. The impact of TRS on executive function was no longer significant after adding anticholinergic burden to the SEM. Results suggested that anticholinergic burden contributes to a wide range of cognitive function impairment in patients with schizophrenia and is likely to be part of the apparent differences of cognitive function between TRS and non-TRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherry Kit Wa Chan
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR; The State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR.
| | - Tiffanie Sze Wing Pang
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Harry Kam Hung Tsui
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Yi Nam Suen
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Wai Ching Yan
- Department of Psychiatry, Kowloon Hospital, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Chi Fong Tsui
- Department of Psychiatry, Kowloon Hospital, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Lap-Tak Poon
- Department of Psychiatry, United Christian Hospital. Hong Kong SAR
| | | | - Alison Lo
- Department of Psychiatry, Kwai Chung Hospital, Hong Kong SAR
| | | | - Christy Lai Ming Hui
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Wing Chung Chang
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR; The State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Edwin Ho Ming Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Eric Yu Hai Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
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Ribeiro Santiago PH, Soares GH, Quintero A, Jamieson L. Comparing the Clique Percolation algorithm to other overlapping community detection algorithms in psychological networks: A Monte Carlo simulation study. Behav Res Methods 2024:10.3758/s13428-024-02415-2. [PMID: 38693441 DOI: 10.3758/s13428-024-02415-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
In psychological networks, one limitation of the most used community detection algorithms is that they can only assign each node (symptom) to a unique community, without being able to identify overlapping symptoms. The clique percolation (CP) is an algorithm that identifies overlapping symptoms but its performance has not been evaluated in psychological networks. In this study, we compare the CP with model parameters chosen based on fuzzy modularity (CPMod) with two other alternatives, the ratio of the two largest communities (CPRat), and entropy (CPEnt). We evaluate their performance to: (1) identify the correct number of latent factors (i.e., communities); and (2) identify the observed variables with substantive (and equally sized) cross-loadings (i.e., overlapping symptoms). We carried out simulations under 972 conditions (3x2x2x3x3x3x3): (1) data categories (continuous, polytomous and dichotomous); (2) number of factors (two and four); (3) number of observed variables per factor (four and eight); (4) factor correlations (0.0, 0.5, and 0.7); (5) size of primary factor loadings (0.40, 0.55, and 0.70); (6) proportion of observed variables with substantive cross-loadings (0.0%, 12.5%, and 25.0%); and (7) sample size (300, 500, and 1000). Performance was evaluated through the Omega index, Mean Bias Error (MBE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE), sensitivity, specificity, and mean number of isolated nodes. We also evaluated two other methods, Exploratory Factor Analysis and the Walktrap algorithm modified to consider overlap (EFA-Ov and Walk-Ov, respectively). The Walk-Ov displayed the best performance across most conditions and is the recommended option to identify communities with overlapping symptoms in psychological networks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gustavo Hermes Soares
- Adelaide Dental School, The University of Adelaide, Level 4, 50 Rundle Mall, Rundle Mall Plaza, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Adrian Quintero
- ICFES - Colombian Institute for Educational Evaluation, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Lisa Jamieson
- Adelaide Dental School, The University of Adelaide, Level 4, 50 Rundle Mall, Rundle Mall Plaza, Adelaide, Australia
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Ala S, Campos FR, Relva IC. Emotional Exhaustion Scale (ECE): Psychometric Properties in a Sample of Portuguese University Students. Eur J Investig Health Psychol Educ 2024; 14:1044-1054. [PMID: 38667823 PMCID: PMC11049085 DOI: 10.3390/ejihpe14040068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Academic emotional exhaustion is the first stage of academic burnout syndrome, and it is necessary to assess it and intervene early, as the consequences can lead to harmful effects on psychological well-being. The main objectives of this study were to explore the psychometric properties of the Emotional Exhaustion Scale (ECE); to assess the association with suffering and positive well-being, using the MHI-5 Inventory; and to provide information on its validity and to compare it with these constructs. A total sample of 526 university students (81% female and 19% male) aged between 17 and 62 (M = 21.42 years and SD = 5.78) took part in this study. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were carried out. In the internal consistency assessment, the ECE was 0.89 and the MHI-5 was 0.81 (Cronbach's alpha). Exploratory factor analysis was carried out with Varimax rotation and confirmatory analysis, obtaining the factor that explains 50.5% of the variance. The results indicated that the ECE has adequate psychometric properties for use with higher education students in Portugal. Its use by mental health professionals in higher education institutions could be very relevant for screening for emotional exhaustion and thus preventing possible serious pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sílvia Ala
- Department of Social Sciences, Life and Public Health Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, School of Health, 5300-121 Bragança, Portugal
- Research Group on Neuroscience and Psychiatric Illnesses in Instituto de Investigation Sanitaria Galicia Sur, 36213 Pontevedra, Spain
- Department of Personality, Assessment and Psychological Treatments, Faculty of Psychology, University of Salamanca, 37005 Salamanca, Spain;
| | - Francisco Ramos Campos
- Department of Personality, Assessment and Psychological Treatments, Faculty of Psychology, University of Salamanca, 37005 Salamanca, Spain;
| | - Inês Carvalho Relva
- Department of Education and Psychology, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Centre for Research and Intervention in Education (CIIE), University of Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal
- Centre of Psychology (CPUP), University of Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal
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Zhao J, Xie M, He J, Wang MC. The Chinese Parenting Stress Scale for Preschoolers' Parents: Development and Initial Validation. Assessment 2024; 31:651-668. [PMID: 37232271 DOI: 10.1177/10731911231176274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Parenting stress is the experience of discomfort or distress that results from the demands associated with the role of parenting. Although there are numerous parenting stress scales, relatively few scales have been developed with consideration of the Chinese cultural context. This study aimed to develop and validate the Chinese Parenting Stress Scale (CPSS) with a multidimensional and hierarchical structure for Mainland Chinese preschoolers' parents (N = 1,427, Mage = 35.63 years, SD = 4.69). In Study 1, a theoretical model and an initial 118 items were developed, drawing on prior research and existing measures of parenting stress. Exploratory factor analysis yielded 15 first-order factors with 60 items. In Study 2, confirmatory factor analyses supported a higher order solution consisting of 15 first-order factors covering four domains: Child Development (12 items), Difficult Child (16 items), Parent-Child Interaction (12 items), and Parent's Readjustment to Life (20 items). Measurement invariance indicated no gender differences between parents for the scale scores. The convergent, discriminant, and criteria validity of the CPSS scores was supported by its association with related variables in the expected directions. Moreover, the CPSS scores added significant incremental variance in predicting somatization, anxiety, and child's emotional symptoms more so than the Parenting Stress Index-Short Form-15. The CPSS total and subscale scores all had acceptable Cronbach's αs in both samples. The overall findings support the CPSS as a psychometrically sound tool.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Min Xie
- Guangzhou University, P.R. China
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11
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Büchner A, Ewert C, Hoffmann CFA, Schröder-Abé M, Horstmann KT. On the importance of being clear about the level of analysis of interest: An illustration using the case of self-compassion. J Pers 2024. [PMID: 38462896 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Theories about within-person (WP) variation are often tested using between-person (BP) research, despite the well-established fact that results may not generalize across levels of analysis. One possible explanation is vague theories that do not specify which level of analysis is of interest. We illustrate such a case using the construct of self-compassion. The factor structure at the BP level has been highly debated, although the theory is actually concerned with relationships at the WP level. METHOD Multilevel confirmatory factor analysis was applied to experience-sampling data of self-compassion (N = 213, with n = 4052 measurement occasions). RESULTS At both levels of analysis, evidence for a two-factor model was found. However, the factors were moderately related at the WP level (r = 0.37, p < 0.001) but largely independent at the BP level (r = 0.04, p = 0.696). Exploratory analyses revealed considerable heterogeneity in the WP relationship among individuals. CONCLUSION We discuss how our results provide new impulses to move the debate around self-compassion forward. Lastly, we outline how the WP level-which is of major interest for self-compassion and other constructs in psychology-can guide the conceptualization and assessment to promote advancements of the theory and resulting applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anabel Büchner
- Institute of Psychology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christina Ewert
- Department of Psychology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | | | | | - Kai T Horstmann
- Department of Psychology, University of Siegen, Siegen, Germany
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Christopher M, Ferry M, Simmons A, Vasquez A, Reynolds B, Grupe D. Psychometric properties of the Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire-short form among law enforcement officers. Aggress Behav 2024; 50:e22145. [PMID: 38477412 DOI: 10.1002/ab.22145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Repeatedly capturing national headlines, excessive law enforcement officer (LEO) use of force in critical incident encounters is one of the most divisive human rights issues in the United States. Valid and reliable measures of potential precursors to LEO excessive use of force, such as aggression, are needed. The Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire-short form (BPAQ-SF) is a validated measure of aggression across various populations; however, evaluation of this easily administered measure in high-stress, frontline populations such as LEOs is limited. The primary goal of this study was to evaluate the validity, reliability, and sensitivity to change the BPAQ-SF in a sample of LEOs. A confirmatory factor analysis suggested that the hierarchical solution provides a mixed fit to the data: SBχ²(25.84) = 62.50, p = .0001; comparative fit index = .94, non-normed fit index = .92, root mean square error of approximation = .19 (90% confidence interval = .17-.21), standardized root mean squared residual = .08. The BPAQ-SF demonstrated good internal consistency (α = .84) and test-retest reliability (r = .86), correlations in the expected direction with predictors of and buffers against aggression, and sensitivity to change among LEOs who participated in an intervention targeting aggression. Results support and extend previous findings suggesting that the BPAQ-SF is a valid and reliable measure of aggression among LEOs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marissa Ferry
- School of Graduate Psychology, Pacific University, Hillsboro, Oregon, USA
| | - Akeesha Simmons
- School of Graduate Psychology, Pacific University, Hillsboro, Oregon, USA
| | - Alicia Vasquez
- School of Graduate Psychology, Pacific University, Hillsboro, Oregon, USA
| | - Brooke Reynolds
- School of Graduate Psychology, Pacific University, Hillsboro, Oregon, USA
| | - Daniel Grupe
- Center for Healthy Minds, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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John R, Amodeo M, Montero-Zamora P, Schwartz S, Salas-Wright C. Examining the Role of Cultural and Family Factors in Substance Use Risk Among Indian American Youth. Subst Use Misuse 2024; 59:1031-1038. [PMID: 38403989 PMCID: PMC11034790 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2024.2320371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although Indian Americans constitute the second-largest immigrant group in the United States, there is a paucity of information about Indian American youth, particularly with respect to substance use risk. We examined the relationship of social factors to permissive substance use beliefs (a proxy for substance use risk since they can lead to adulthood substance use and misuse) and family functioning. METHODS The study used structural equation modeling to examine the prevalence of permissive substance use beliefs in a sample of Indian American youth ages 12-17 (N = 223) and examined the degree to which discrimination, bicultural identity integration, and endorsement of the model minority stereotype were associated with permissive substance use beliefs. RESULTS Findings suggest that bicultural identity integration (B = 0.267 [SE = 0.112], p = 0.01) and discrimination (B = 0.294 [SE = 0.087], p = 0.001) are positively associated with permissive substance use beliefs. Bicultural identity integration (B = 0.415 [SE = 0.090], p = 0.0001) was positively associated with family support (B= -0.329 [SE = 0.108], p = 0.002) which, in turn, was associated with less permissive substance use beliefs. In contrast, endorsement of the model minority stereotype (B = 0.351 [SE = 0.090], p = 0.001) was positively associated with family closeness (B = 0.232 [SE = 0.927], p = 0.01) which, in turn, was associated with family support and then with less permissive substance use beliefs. CONCLUSIONS Discrimination and bicultural identity integration emerged as key constructs related to substance use risk among Indian American youth. These youth could benefit from culturally appropriate prevention programming that addresses the negative impact of discrimination and its effect on permissive substance use beliefs and highlights protective factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- R.S John
- Rutgers University School of Social Work; 264 Bay State Road, Boston, MA 02215
| | - M Amodeo
- Boston University School of Social Work, 264 Bay State Road, Boston, MA 02215
| | - P Montero-Zamora
- University of Texas at Austin College of Education, 1912 Speedway, Stop D5000 Austin, Texas 78712
| | - S.J Schwartz
- University of Texas at Austin College of Education, 1912 Speedway, Stop D5000 Austin, Texas 78712
| | - C.P Salas-Wright
- Boston College School of Social Work, 140 Commonwealth Ave., Chestnut Hill, MA 02467
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14
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Vinton LC, Preston C, de la Rosa S, Mackie G, Tipper SP, Barraclough NE. Four fundamental dimensions underlie the perception of human actions. Atten Percept Psychophys 2024; 86:536-558. [PMID: 37188862 PMCID: PMC10185378 DOI: 10.3758/s13414-023-02709-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
We evaluate the actions of other individuals based upon a variety of movements that reveal critical information to guide decision making and behavioural responses. These signals convey a range of information about the actor, including their goals, intentions and internal mental states. Although progress has been made to identify cortical regions involved in action processing, the organising principles underlying our representation of actions still remains unclear. In this paper we investigated the conceptual space that underlies action perception by assessing which qualities are fundamental to the perception of human actions. We recorded 240 different actions using motion-capture and used these data to animate a volumetric avatar that performed the different actions. 230 participants then viewed these actions and rated the extent to which each action demonstrated 23 different action characteristics (e.g., avoiding-approaching, pulling-pushing, weak-powerful). We analysed these data using Exploratory Factor Analysis to examine the latent factors underlying visual action perception. The best fitting model was a four-dimensional model with oblique rotation. We named the factors: friendly-unfriendly, formidable-feeble, planned-unplanned, and abduction-adduction. The first two factors of friendliness and formidableness explained approximately 22% of the variance each, compared to planned and abduction, which explained approximately 7-8% of the variance each; as such we interpret this representation of action space as having 2 + 2 dimensions. A closer examination of the first two factors suggests a similarity to the principal factors underlying our evaluation of facial traits and emotions, whilst the last two factors of planning and abduction appear unique to actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura C Vinton
- Department of Psychology, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Catherine Preston
- Department of Psychology, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Stephan de la Rosa
- Department of Social Sciences, IU University of Applied Sciences, Juri-Gagarin-Ring 152, 99084, Erfurt, Germany
| | - Gabriel Mackie
- Department of Psychology, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Steven P Tipper
- Department of Psychology, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Nick E Barraclough
- Department of Psychology, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK.
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15
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Beribisky N, Cribbie RA. Evaluating the performance of existing and novel equivalence tests for fit indices in structural equation modelling. THE BRITISH JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICAL AND STATISTICAL PSYCHOLOGY 2024; 77:103-129. [PMID: 37448144 DOI: 10.1111/bmsp.12317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
It has been suggested that equivalence testing (otherwise known as negligible effect testing) should be used to evaluate model fit within structural equation modelling (SEM). In this study, we propose novel variations of equivalence tests based on the popular root mean squared error of approximation and comparative fit index fit indices. Using Monte Carlo simulations, we compare the performance of these novel tests to other existing equivalence testing-based fit indices in SEM, as well as to other methods commonly used to evaluate model fit. Results indicate that equivalence tests in SEM have good Type I error control and display considerable power for detecting well-fitting models in medium to large sample sizes. At small sample sizes, relative to traditional fit indices, equivalence tests limit the chance of supporting a poorly fitting model. We also present an illustrative example to demonstrate how equivalence tests may be incorporated in model fit reporting. Equivalence tests in SEM also have unique interpretational advantages compared to other methods of model fit evaluation. We recommend that equivalence tests be utilized in conjunction with descriptive fit indices to provide more evidence when evaluating model fit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataly Beribisky
- Quantitative Methods Program, Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robert A Cribbie
- Quantitative Methods Program, Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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16
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Che SL, Leong SM, Lau WS, Tam KI. Reliability and Validation Study of Advance Care Planning Practice Scale among Health and Social Care Professionals. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:200. [PMID: 38255087 PMCID: PMC10815370 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12020200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Advance care planning (ACP) is a crucial process in clinical practice, enabling individuals to articulate their care preferences and goals, with significant implications for future healthcare. However, ACP practice of health and social care professionals (HSCPs) concerning patients, or their family members are rarely explored. The objective of the study was to adapt and validate a four-item scale assessing ACP practices of HSCPs toward patients or their family members. The ACP Practice Scale was evaluated through a cross-sectional online survey administered to HSCPs in Macao, assessing its factor structure, validity, and reliability. Based on a sample of 186 valid responses, the ACP Practice Scale demonstrated satisfactory levels of validity and reliability among HSPCs in Macao. The four-item scale explained 65.87% of the variance in ACP practice and exhibited strong internal consistency, with Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's omega coefficients of 0.82. Furthermore, item factor loadings ranged from 0.71 to 0.90. The ACP Practice Scale provides reliable and valid measurements of ACP practice among HSCPs. This instrument can help to enhance our understanding of ACP practices in clinical settings and support the advancement of advance care planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sok-Leng Che
- Nursing and Health Education Research Centre, Kiang Wu Nursing College of Macau, Macao SAR, China;
| | - Sok-Man Leong
- Education Department, Kiang Wu Nursing College of Macau, Macao SAR, China;
| | - Wing-Sze Lau
- Lar de Cuidados de Ká Hó da Federação das Associações dos Operários de Macau, Estr. de Nossa Sra. de Ka Ho, Macao SAR, China
| | - Kuai-In Tam
- Education Department, Kiang Wu Nursing College of Macau, Macao SAR, China;
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17
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Yang N, Ma H, Huang M, Lau EYY, Fong DYT, Wang M, Wang P, Xu S, Xu J, Jiang C, Luo Y, Meng R. Measurement Properties and Optimal Cutoff Point of the WHO-5 Among Chinese Healthcare Students. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2023; 16:5141-5158. [PMID: 38148776 PMCID: PMC10750781 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s437219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The World Health Organization-Five Well-Being Index (WHO-5) is widely used to assess subjective well-being. Nevertheless, measurement invariance and optimal cutoff point of the WHO-5 have not been examined in Chinese samples. We aimed to assess measurement properties of the Chinese version of the WHO-5 (WHO-5-C) among healthcare students. Patients and Methods A two-wave longitudinal assessment was conducted among 343 Chinese healthcare students from September to November 2022. Measurement properties of the WHO-5-C were assessed through structural validity using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), measurement invariance using multigroup CFA (MGCFA) and longitudinal CFA (LCFA), convergent validity using correlation analysis with the Self-Rated Health Questionnaire (SRHQ) and Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4), reliability using internal consistency and test-retest reliability, and optimal cutoff point using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Results The WHO-5-C demonstrated satisfactory structural validity with comparative fit index (CFI) of 0.968 at baseline and 0.980 at follow-up, and adequate measurement invariance in different sociodemographic variables at baseline (gender, age, major, home location, being only child, monthly household income, part-time job, physical exercise, hobby, frequency of visiting home, and stress coping strategy) (CFI changes [ΔCFI] = -0.009-0.003) and over a week (ΔCFI = -0.006-0.000). The WHO-5-C also had good internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.907-0.934; McDonald's ω = 0.908-0.935) and test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] = 0.803). Convergent validity was supported by moderate correlations of the WHO-5-C with the SRHQ and PHQ-4. The optimal cutoff point of the WHO-5-C was found to be 50, with an area under the ROC curve of 0.882 at baseline data, with sensitivity of 0.803 and specificity of 0.762 at follow-up. Conclusion The WHO-5-C demonstrated adequate measurement properties, especially concerning cross-sectional and longitudinal measurement invariance, with a recommended optimal cutoff point of ≥ 50 for assessing adequate level of psychological well-being in healthcare students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nongnong Yang
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haiyan Ma
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Mobile Health Management System, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mengyi Huang
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Esther Yuet Ying Lau
- Sleep Laboratory, Department of Psychology, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
- Centre for Psychosocial Health, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
- Centre for Religious and Spirituality Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Daniel Yee Tak Fong
- School of Nursing, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meng Wang
- Ophthalmology Center, Ningbo Yinzhou No.2 Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Pengqiao Wang
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Siyi Xu
- School of Nursing, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiale Xu
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chen Jiang
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Luo
- School of Nursing, Ningbo College of Health Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Runtang Meng
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Mobile Health Management System, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
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18
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Goodall K, Sawrikar V. The Rating of Emotional Abuse in Childhood (REACH) Questionnaire: A new self-report measure assessing history of childhood emotional abuse. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2023; 146:106498. [PMID: 37844458 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A history of childhood emotional abuse (CEA) is prevalent among adults with affective disorders; therefore, a comprehensive measure of it is vital. The Rating of Emotional Abuse in Childhood Questionnaire (REACH) was developed to assess history of CEA in relation to parental behaviours of threat, ignoring, humiliation/denigration, scapegoating, antipathy, and overcontrol/conditionality in a single measure. This paper investigated the psychometric properties of REACH in a community sample and proposes values for classifying individuals as high-risk for CEA. METHOD A convenience sample of N = 483 adults (Female, 78.3%) was recruited to complete questionnaires that included the REACH alongside measures of mental health, insecure attachment, emotion regulation, and childhood abuse. A subset of participants (n = 198) completed the REACH 7 days later. RESULTS Factor analysis indicated a 2-factor model provided a good fit. Factors were named 'threatening' and 'devaluing'. A total scale score of CEA was also recommended. The threatening, devaluing, and total scales demonstrated strong psychometric properties with high internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and convergent validity, while cutoff values for identifying a high-risk CEA group demonstrated good discriminant utility. CONCLUSIONS The results support REACH as a valid measure and suggest a history of CEA should be measured in relation to threatening and devaluing CEA as they represent unique dimensions of CEA even though they often co-occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Goodall
- School of Health in Social Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Center of Applied Developmental Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Vilas Sawrikar
- School of Health in Social Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Center of Applied Developmental Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
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19
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Ion A. Primary affective systems and personality: Disentangling the within-person reciprocal relationships. J Pers 2023. [PMID: 38018605 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Personality traits and affective functioning have been closely linked. Empirical evidence suggests that the Five-Factor Model traits have been linked with Panskepp's six primary affective systems, as measured by the Affective Neuroscience Personality Scales: SEEKING, PLAY, CARE (positive emotions) and FEAR, SADNESS, ANGER (negative emotions). OBJECTIVE The present work investigated the dynamic relations between primary affective systems and FFM personality. METHOD Drawing from a sample of 220 participants completing surveys on four consecutive days, we used the random intercept cross-lagged panel model (RI-CLPM) to investigate the associations between primary affective systems and personality traits. RESULTS The following associations were identified: bidirectional associations between negative emotions and neuroticism, unidirectional associations from SEEKING to openness and from agreeableness to three primary affective systems. No significant associations were observed between extraversion and primary affective systems. CONCLUSIONS Our findings highlight the importance of disentangling the within-person effects when examining the relationship between primary affective systems and personality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei Ion
- Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
- Assessment and Individual Differences-AID Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
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20
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Hintz EA, Tucker RV, Wilson SR. Developing Measures for and Testing the Theory of Communicative Disenfranchisement (TCD) in the Context of Chronic Pain. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2023:1-14. [PMID: 37927211 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2023.2275916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
The post-positivist articulation of the theory of communicative disenfranchisement (TCD) asserts that people subjected to disenfranchising talk (DT; talk that discredits, silences, and stereotypes) experience proximal consequences (PCs; reduced agency, perceived credibility, and ability to exercise rights and privileges) and make negative inferences about others' future interactional goals (negative goal inferences [NGIs]). Through the mediators of PCs and NGIs, DT is theorized to lead to more distal health and well-being outcomes. This article developed measures of DT, PCs, and NGIs to test the TCD's post-positivist model in the context of chronic pain. Items were developed and refined in a pilot study. Then, in two validation studies, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted and health and well-being outcomes were assessed. Findings offer initial empirical support for the reliability and convergent, divergent, and predictive validity of the DT, PCs, and NGIs measures, as well as the model proposed in the post-positivist articulation of the TCD.
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21
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Didier PR, Moore TM, Calkins ME, Prettyman G, Levinson T, Savage C, de Moraes Leme LFV, Kohler CG, Kable J, Satterthwaite T, Gur RC, Gur RE, Wolf DH. Evaluation of a new intrinsic and extrinsic motivation scale in youth with psychosis spectrum symptoms. Compr Psychiatry 2023; 127:152413. [PMID: 37696094 PMCID: PMC10644398 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2023.152413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Impairment in intrinsic motivation (IM), the drive to satisfy internal desires like mastery, may play a key role in disability in psychosis. However, we have limited knowledge regarding relative impairments in IM compared to extrinsic motivation (EM) or general motivation (GM), in part due to limitations in existing measures. METHODS Here we address this gap using a novel Trait Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation self-report scale in a sample of n = 243 participants including those with schizophrenia, psychosis-risk, and healthy controls. Each of the 7 IM and 6 EM items used a 7-point Likert scale assessing endorsement of dispositional statements. Bifactor analyses of these items yielded distinct IM, EM, and GM factor scores. Convergent and discriminant validity were examined in relation to General Causality Orientation Scale (GCOS-CP) and Quality of Life 3-item IM measure (QLS-IM). Utility was assessed in relation to psychosis-spectrum (PS) status and CAINS clinical amotivation. RESULTS IM and EM showed acceptable inter-item consistency (IM: α = 0.88; EM: α = 0.66); the bifactor model exhibited fit that varied from good to borderline to inadequate depending on the specific fit metric (SRMR = 0.038, CFI = 0.94, RMSEA = 0.106 ± 0.014). IM scores correlated with established IM measures: GCOS-CP Autonomy (rho = 0.38, p < 0.01) and QLS-IM (rho = 0.29, p < 0.01). Supporting discriminant validity, IM did not correlate with GCOS-CP Control (rho = -0.14, p > 0.05). Two-year stability in an available longitudinal subset (n = 35) was strong (IM: rho = 0.64, p < 0.01; EM: rho = 0.55, p < 0.01). Trait IM was lower in PS youth (t = 4.24, p < 0.01), and correlated with clinical amotivation (rho = -0.36, p < 0.01); EM did not show significant clinical associations. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate the clinical relevance of IM in psychosis risk. They also provide preliminary support for the reliability, validity and utility of this new Trait IM-EM scale, which addresses a measurement gap and can facilitate identification of neurobehavioral and clinical correlates of IM deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paige R Didier
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
| | - Tyler M Moore
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Penn-CHOP Lifespan Brain Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Monica E Calkins
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Penn-CHOP Lifespan Brain Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Greer Prettyman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Tess Levinson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Lynch School of Education and Human Development, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, USA
| | - Chloe Savage
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | - Christian G Kohler
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Joseph Kable
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Theodore Satterthwaite
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Penn-CHOP Lifespan Brain Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center (PennLINC), Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ruben C Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Penn-CHOP Lifespan Brain Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Raquel E Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Penn-CHOP Lifespan Brain Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Daniel H Wolf
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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22
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Sacco A, Robbins ML, Paiva AL, Monahan K, Lindsey H, Reyes C, Rusnock A. Measuring Motivation for COVID-19 Vaccination: An Application of the Transtheoretical Model. Am J Health Promot 2023; 37:1109-1120. [PMID: 37612233 DOI: 10.1177/08901171231197899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE In the United States (US), individuals vary widely in their readiness to get vaccinated for COVID-19. The present study developed measures based on the transtheoretical model (TTM) to better understand readiness, decisional balance (DCBL; pros and cons), self-efficacy (SE), as well as other motivators for change such as myths and barriers for COVID-19 vaccination. DESIGN Cross-sectional measurement development. SETTING Online survey. SAMPLE 528 US adults ages 18-75. MEASURES Demographics, stage of change (SOC), DCBL, SE, myths, and barriers. ANALYSIS The sample was randomly split into halves for exploratory factor analysis using principal components analysis (EFA/PCA), followed by confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) to test measurement models. Correlation matrices were assessed and multivariate analyses examined relationships between constructs and sub-constructs. RESULTS For DCBL, EFA/PCA revealed three correlated factors (one pros, two cons) (n1 = 8, α = .97; n2 = 5, α = .93; n3 = 4, α = .84). For SE, two correlated factors were revealed (n1 = 12, α = .96; n2 = 3, α = .89). Single-factor solutions for Myths (n = 13, α = .94) and Barriers (n = 6, α = .82) were revealed. CFA confirmed models from EFAs/PCAs. Follow-up analyses of variance aligned with past theoretical predictions of the relationships between SOC, pros, cons, and SE, and the predicted relationships with myths and barriers. CONCLUSION This study produced reliable and valid measures of TTM constructs, myths, and barriers to understand motivation to receive COVID-19 vaccination that can be used in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allegra Sacco
- Department of Psychology, College of Health Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Mark L Robbins
- Department of Psychology, College of Health Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Andrea L Paiva
- Department of Psychology, College of Health Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Kathleen Monahan
- Department of Psychology, College of Health Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Hayley Lindsey
- Department of Psychology, College of Health Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Cheyenne Reyes
- Department of Psychology, College of Health Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Andrea Rusnock
- Department of History, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
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23
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Whitley BE, Luttrell A, Schultz T. The Measurement of Racial Colorblindness. PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY BULLETIN 2023; 49:1531-1551. [PMID: 35818309 DOI: 10.1177/01461672221103414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Although there is consensus that the intergroup ideology of multiculturalism is negatively related to prejudice and that assimilation is positively related to prejudice, research regarding the relationship of racial colorblindness to prejudice has produced mixed results. We investigated whether these mixed results might stem from colorblindness being a multifaceted construct despite typically being treated as unidimensional. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses of items from existing measures revealed three factors-equality orientation, color evasion, and rejection of racial categorization-from which we created the Multidimensional Assessment of Racial Colorblindness (MARC). Four studies provided evidence for the reliability and construct validity of the MARC and found that its subscales were often differentially related to other variables, including prejudice. We also compared the MARC to another measure of colorblindness, the Color-Blind Racial Attitudes Scale (CoBRAS). We discuss the implications of racial colorblindness as a multifaceted construct.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tollie Schultz
- Ball State University, Muncie, IN, USA
- Finch Brands, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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24
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Anghel E, Mahalik JR, Harris MP. Examining the Measurement Invariance of the Conformity to Masculine Norms Inventory (CMNI-30) by Sexual Orientation. Assessment 2023; 30:2318-2331. [PMID: 36635970 DOI: 10.1177/10731911221149085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
An abbreviated version of the Conformity to Masculine Norms Inventory, the CMNI-30, was developed with several strengths. However, its measurement invariance across men with different sexual orientations has not been examined in a U.S. sample, so it is unclear whether these different populations understand the items similarly. In addition, no studies have compared conformity to masculinity norms across sexual orientations. This would be important to understand sexual minority men's experience of masculinity and how it differs from heteronormative masculinity. This article explores the measurement invariance of the CMNI-30 among 882 heterosexual, gay, and bisexual+ men using confirmatory factor analysis, and compares their CMNI-30 subscale scores. Results indicated that the CMNI-30 demonstrated residual invariance between men of different sexual orientations, suggesting that men of different sexual orientations interpreted the items similarly. We also found higher levels of conformity to the masculine norms of Winning, Heterosexual self-presentation, and Power over women among heterosexual men relative to gay and bisexual+ men, and higher levels of Pursuit of status among gay men relative to the other groups. Results provide support for the use of the CMNI-30 in research with men of different sexual orientations.
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Gralla MS, Guendel H, Mueller A, Braehler E, Häuser W, Kruse J, Muschalla B, Rigotti T, Strauss B, Balint EM. Validation of the irritation scale on a representative German sample: new normative data. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15374. [PMID: 37717063 PMCID: PMC10505143 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41829-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The irritation scale is a widely used and reliable self-report scale for measuring cognitive and emotional strain related to the work environment. It extends existing measures by providing a sensitive assessment for pre-clinical stress at work. Existing normative data are based on convenience samples and are therefore not representative. This study provides new normative data for the irritation scale based on a representative German sample (N = 1480). The new normative data indicate that the overall level of irritation in the German workforce is significantly lower compared to previously published data. Convergent and discriminant validity is confirmed by correlations with depression and anxiety (Patient Health Questionnaire-4 for Depression and Anxiety), somatic symptom scales (Bodily Distress Syndrome 25 checklist, Somatic Symptom Scale-8, Giessen Subjective Complaints List-8, comorbidity), psychological functioning (Mini-ICF rating for activity and participation disorders in mental illness), work-related stressors (overcommitment and bullying) and individual resources (self-efficacy). The results confirm the utility of the irritation scale and provide new benchmarks that avoid an underestimation of the levels of irritation in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria S Gralla
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Clinical Center, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081, Ulm, Germany.
| | - Harald Guendel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Clinical Center, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Andreas Mueller
- Institute of Psychology, Work- and Organizational Psychology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Elmar Braehler
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Research and Treatment Center Adiposity Diseases, Behavioral Medicine Unit, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Winfried Häuser
- Department Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Technische Universitaet Muenchen, Muenchen, Germany
| | - Johannes Kruse
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Beate Muschalla
- Institute of Psychology, Psychotherapy and Diagnostics, Technische Universitaet Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Thomas Rigotti
- Work, Organizational and Business Psychology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research, Mainz, Germany
| | - Bernhard Strauss
- Institute of Psychosocial Medicine, Psychotherapy and Psycho-Oncology (IPMPP), Jena, Germany
| | - Elisabeth M Balint
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Clinical Center, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081, Ulm, Germany
- Center for Burnout and Stress-Related Disorders, Privatklinik Meiringen, Meiringen, Switzerland
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Renner G, Schroeder A, Irblich D. Factorial Validity of the German KABC-II at Ages 7 to 12 in a Clinical Sample: Four Factors Fit Better than Five. J Intell 2023; 11:148. [PMID: 37504791 PMCID: PMC10381406 DOI: 10.3390/jintelligence11070148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Multidimensional intelligence test batteries such as the KABC-II are widely used in clinical practice. Although validity evidence should be provided for all intended uses of a test, data on the factorial validity of the KABC-II mostly relies on the standardization samples and raises some concerns about the adequacy of the factor structure. Confirmatory factor analyses of the KABC-II core subtests were conducted in a sample of 627 children who had been assessed in German Centers for Social Pediatrics. The standard structure of the KABC-II was superior to unidimensional models but, as in previous research, evidenced cross-loadings and a high correlation between Planning/Gf and Simultaneous/Gv. Pattern Reasoning was more closely related to Simultaneous/Gv than to Planning/Gf. A four-factorial structure combining subtests from Planning/Gf and Simultaneous/Gv to form a common factor emerged as a better representation of the data. Story Completion showed a secondary loading on Knowledge/Gc. On average, most subtest variance was accounted for by the general factor. Models with bonus points for fast responses generally fitted worse than those without. Clinicians should be aware that Planning/Gf and Simultaneous/Gv measure both visual and fluid abilities. Scales of the KABC-II should not be interpreted as dimensions independent of the general factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerolf Renner
- Faculty of Special Education, Ludwigsburg University of Education, 71634 Ludwigsburg, Germany
| | | | - Dieter Irblich
- Social Pediatric Center Kreuznacher Diakonie, 55469 Simmern, Germany
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Claes S, Vandepitte S, Clays E, Annemans L. How job demands and job resources contribute to our overall subjective well-being. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1220263. [PMID: 37539001 PMCID: PMC10394838 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1220263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives How the work environment contributes to employees' overall subjective well-being remains inadequately explored. Building upon the seminal Job Demands-Resources model, this study aims to test a complex model that combines leadership, job demands, and job resources, as factors contributing either indirectly (via job satisfaction) or directly to employees' subjective well-being (SWB). Methods The cross-sectional data (N = 1,859) of the Belgian National happiness study (2020) were used. Leadership (satisfaction with leadership; perceived supervisor support), job demands (role conflict; job insecurity; work-private conflict; perceived working conditions), job resources (autonomy; relatedness; competence; skill utilization; personal growth), job satisfaction and subjective well-being (life evaluation; positive affect; negative affect) were assessed via self-report questionnaires. The proposed model investigates the direct impact of job demands and resources on SWB, as well as the indirect impact with job satisfaction as mediating factor, and was tested using the Structural Equation Modeling technique. Results Findings supported the proposed model. Both job demands and job resources have a direct relationship with SWB. Job resources are positively related to overall SWB, whereas job demands negatively affected SWB. Moreover, job resources are more strongly related to SWB compared to job demands. The demands and resources also indirectly contribute to employee's SWB via job satisfaction as job satisfaction appeared to mediate these relationships. Conclusion The current study shows that both job demands and resources directly and indirectly contribute to employees' SWB. Creating a supportive and healthy work environment is thus of paramount importance in order to foster employees' SWB. In particular, investing in improving job resources may be a fruitful approach to promote employees' overall subjective well-being.
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Quinn-Nilas C. Time for a Measurement Check-Up: Testing the Couple's Satisfaction Index and the Global Measure of Sexual Satisfaction Using Structural Equation Modeling and Item Response Theory. JOURNAL OF SOCIAL AND PERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS 2023; 40:2252-2276. [PMID: 37441630 PMCID: PMC10333968 DOI: 10.1177/02654075221143360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Relationship and sexual satisfaction are two central outcomes in the study of relationships and are commonly used in both academia and applied practice. However, relationship and sexual satisfaction measures infrequently undergo specific psychometric investigation. Ensuring that measures display strong psychometric performance is an important but under-tested element of replication that has come under more scrutiny lately, and adequate measurement of constructs is an important auxiliary assumption underpinning theory-testing empirical work. A measurement check-up was conducted, including Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) to test factorial validity, measurement invariance to test for group comparability, and Item Response Theory (IRT) to assess the relationship between latent traits and their items/indicators. This format was used to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Couple's Satisfaction Index (CSI) and the Global Measure of Sexual Satisfaction (GMSEX), two commonly used scales of relationship and sexual satisfaction with a sample of 640 midlife (40-59 years old) married Canadians who were recruited by Qualtrics Panels. Results of CFA suggested that both models were satisfactory. Invariance testing provided robust support for intercept invariance across all the groupings tested. IRT analysis supported the CSI and GMSEX, however, there was evidence that the GMSEX provided somewhat less information for those high on sexual satisfaction. This measurement check-up found that the CSI and GMSEX were reasonably healthy with some caveats. Implications are discussed in terms of replicability and meaning for scholars and practitioners.
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Martín-Carbonell M, Espejo B, Castro-Melo GP, Sequeira-Daza D, Checa I. Psychometric Properties of and Measurement Invariance in the Questionnaire of Stereotypes Toward Older Adulthood in Health Care College Students and Health Professionals of Colombia: Psychometric Study. J Med Internet Res 2023; 25:e42340. [PMID: 36892936 PMCID: PMC10037170 DOI: 10.2196/42340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In health professionals, negative stereotypes toward older adulthood have been associated with the difficulty in recognizing pathological processes and the refusal to care for older patients because of assuming that communication with them will be uncomfortable and frustrating. For these reasons, research on stereotypes in these groups has acquired growing importance. The usual strategy to identify and evaluate agist stereotypes is to use scales and questionnaires. Although multiple scales are currently used, in Latin America, the Questionnaire for the Evaluation of Negative Stereotypes Toward Older Adulthood (Cuestionario de Estereotipos Negativos sobre la Vejez [CENVE]), developed in Spain, is widely used but without evidence of construct validity in our context. In addition, although in the original version, a factorial structure of 3 factors was found, in later studies, a unifactorial structure was obtained. OBJECTIVE The objective is to study the construct validity of the CENVE in a sample of Colombian health personnel to clarify its factorial structure and concurrent validity. Likewise, the measurement invariance according to gender and age was studied. METHODS A nonprobabilistic sample of 877 Colombian health professionals and intern health students was obtained. The data were collected online using the LimeSurvey tool. To study the factor structure of the CENVE, 2 confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) models were carried out, one to test a single factor and the other to test the 3-related-factor structure. The factor measurement reliability was evaluated with the composite reliability index (CRI) and the average variance extracted (AVE). The measurement invariance was studied according to gender (men and women) and age (emerging adults, 18-29 years old, and adults, 30 years old or older). Using a structural equation model, the relationship between age and the latent CENVE total score was studied to obtain evidence of concurrent validity, since studies indicate that the younger the age, the greater the number of stereotypes. RESULTS The 1-factor structure was confirmed. The reliability results indicated that both indices show adequate values. Likewise, the existence of a strong invariance in measurement by gender and age group was verified. After contrasting the means of the groups, the results showed that men show more negative stereotypes toward old age than women. Likewise, emerging adults also showed more stereotypes than adults. We also verified that age is inversely related to the latent score of the questionnaire, such that the younger the age, the greater the stereotype. These results are in agreement with those obtained by other authors. CONCLUSIONS The CENVE shows good construct and concurrent validity, as well as good reliability, and it can be used to assess stereotypes toward older adulthood in Colombian health professionals and health sciences college students. This will allow us to better understand the effect of stereotypes on agism.
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Verra SE, Poelman MP, Mudd AL, de Vet E, de Wit J, Kamphuis CBM. Socioeconomic inequalities in self-assessed health and food consumption: the mediating roles of daily hassles and the perceived importance of health. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:439. [PMID: 36882808 PMCID: PMC9990278 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15077-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Urgent daily hassles, which are more common among people with a lower socioeconomic position (SEP), might limit one's ability to address less pressing goals, such as goals related to health promotion. Consequently, health goals may be viewed as less focal, which could jeopardize one's health. This study examined an understudied pathway: whether a higher severity of daily hassles resulted in a lower perceived importance of health and whether these two factors sequentially mediate socioeconomic inequalities in self-assessed health (SAH) and food consumption. METHODS A cross-sectional survey among 1,330 Dutch adults was conducted in 2019. Participants self-reported SEP (household income, educational level), the severity of eleven daily hassles (e.g., financial hassles, legal hassles), the perceived importance of health (not being ill, living a long life), SAH, and food consumption. Structural equation modeling was used to examine whether daily hassles and the perceived importance of health sequentially mediated income and educational inequalities in SAH, fruit and vegetable consumption (FVC) and snack consumption. RESULTS No evidence of sequential mediation through daily hassles and the perceived importance of health was found. Daily hassles individually mediated income inequalities in SAH (indirect effect: 0.04, total effect: 0.06) and in FVC (indirect effect: 0.02, total effect: 0.09). The perceived importance of not being ill and living a long life both individually mediated educational inequalities in SAH (indirect effects: 0.01 and -0.01, respectively, total effect: 0.07). CONCLUSIONS Income inequalities in SAH and FVC were explained by daily hassles, and educational inequalities in SAH were explained by the perceived importance of health. Socioeconomic inequalities may not be sequentially explained by a more severe experience of daily hassles and a lower perceived importance of health. Interventions and policies addressing challenging circumstances associated with a low income may improve SAH and healthy food consumption among lower-income groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanne E Verra
- Department of Interdisciplinary Social Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 14, 3584 CH, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Maartje P Poelman
- Chair Group Consumption and Healthy Lifestyles, Wageningen University & Research, Hollandseweg 1, 6706 KN, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Andrea L Mudd
- Department of Interdisciplinary Social Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 14, 3584 CH, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Emely de Vet
- Chair Group Consumption and Healthy Lifestyles, Wageningen University & Research, Hollandseweg 1, 6706 KN, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - John de Wit
- Department of Interdisciplinary Social Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 14, 3584 CH, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Carlijn B M Kamphuis
- Department of Interdisciplinary Social Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 14, 3584 CH, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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Bambrah V, Wyman A, Eastwood JD. A longitudinal approach to understanding boredom during pandemics: The predictive roles of trauma and emotion dysregulation. Front Psychol 2023; 13:1050073. [PMID: 36710786 PMCID: PMC9880451 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1050073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Research during the COVID-19 pandemic and prior outbreaks suggest that boredom is linked to poor compliance with critical lifesaving social distancing and quarantine guidelines, as well as to numerous mental health difficulties. As such, continued understanding on what contributes to boredom is imperative. Extending beyond the roles of constraint, monotony, and trait dispositions (e.g., individual differences in boredom propensity), and informed by prior theories on the emotional contributors of boredom, the current longitudinal study examined the predictive role of "pandemic trauma" on people's boredom, with a focus on how emotion dysregulation mediates this relationship. Community participants (N = 345) completed questionnaires three times across an average of 3 1/2 weeks, rating their pandemic trauma, emotion dysregulation, and boredom over the past week each time. Pandemic trauma was assessed with items querying exposure to coronavirus, as well as the financial, resource-related, and interpersonal pandemic stressors that participants experienced. Emotion dysregulation was assessed with the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale. Boredom was assessed with the short-form Multidimensional State Boredom Scale. The results of a theory-informed mediation model showed that participants' pandemic trauma at Time 1 positively and modestly predicted their boredom at Time 3 and that this relationship was partially and moderately mediated by participants' lack of emotional clarity and difficulties with engaging in goal-directed behaviors at Time 2. When people experience pandemic-related trauma, they subsequently struggle to understand their feelings and engage in goal-oriented actions, and, in turn, feel more bored. Theoretical and clinical implications as related to the emotional underpinnings of boredom are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veerpal Bambrah
- Boredom Lab, Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Srivastava A, Hall WJ, Krueger EA, Goldbach JT. Sexual identity fluidity, identity management stress, and depression among sexual minority adolescents. Front Psychol 2023; 13:1075815. [PMID: 36710830 PMCID: PMC9874312 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1075815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Sexual identity is mutable and evolving, particularly during adolescence. Sexual identity fluidity could be stressful for some adolescents and may differ by birth-sex. Evidence suggests chronic stress can lead to negative mental health outcomes. However, it is unknown if these two processes (stress and depression) differ by sexual identity fluidity. Methods This paper studied time-sequential associations between identity management stress and depression over time by sexual identity fluidity, in a national longitudinal data from sexual minority adolescents (SMA) aged 14-17 years using a multigroup autoregressive cross-lagged model (n = 1077). Results In the sample, 40% of SMA reported at least one change in sexual identity over 18-month period. Greater number of cisgender females reported sexual identity fluidity compared to their male counterparts (46.9% vs. 26.6%). A temporal cross-lagged effect was reported between depression and identity management stress among cisgender females who reported fluidity in sexual identity; and no cross-lagged effect was reported among those females who did not report fluidity. However, among cisgender male sample depression predicted subsequent identity management stress, irrespective of their change sexual identity fluidity status. Conclusion Public health programs and practice must be responsive to the sexual identity fluidity processes among adolescents, with particular attention to minority stress and depression. In addition, our results indicate that sexual identity development and fluidity processes differ between cisgender females and males; and the nuances associated with these processes of change need further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankur Srivastava
- School of Social Work, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States,*Correspondence: Ankur Srivastava,
| | - William J. Hall
- School of Social Work, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Evan A. Krueger
- School of Social Work, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Jeremy T. Goldbach
- Brown School of Social Work, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
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Predicting Decent Work Among US Black Workers: Examining Psychology of Working Theory. JOURNAL OF CAREER ASSESSMENT 2023. [DOI: 10.1177/10690727221149456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The U.S. has a history of marginalizing Black people. Marginalization impedes Black Americans’ ability to secure wealth, education, and meaningful work. The Psychology of Working Theory (PWT) uses a social justice lens to understand how contextual factors inform the labor market experiences of those who work and want to work. PWT highlights the ways economic constraints and marginalization predict access to decent work. We tested the PWT model with two measures of marginalization, general ethnic discrimination, and racial microaggressions, with a sample of 241 Black workers to add to the extant literature about the suitability of the PWT for racial minorities. Diverging from previous studies, we found that marginalization predicted career adaptability. Consistent with previous studies, marginalization and economic constraints predicted Black workers’ work volition and perceived access to decent work. Work volition mediated the relationship between general ethnic discrimination and economic constraints with the perception of attaining decent work.
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Fleuren BPI, Nübold A, Uitdewilligen S, Verduyn P, Hülsheger UR. Troubles on troubled minds: an intensive longitudinal diary study on the role of burnout in the resilience process following acute stressor exposure. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF WORK AND ORGANIZATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/1359432x.2022.2161369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bram P. I. Fleuren
- Department of Work and Social Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Annika Nübold
- Department of Work and Social Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Sjir Uitdewilligen
- Department of Work and Social Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Philippe Verduyn
- Department of Work and Social Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ute R. Hülsheger
- Department of Work and Social Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Miraglia L, Peretti G, Manzi F, Di Dio C, Massaro D, Marchetti A. Development and validation of the Attribution of Mental States Questionnaire (AMS-Q): A reference tool for assessing anthropomorphism. Front Psychol 2023; 14:999921. [PMID: 36895742 PMCID: PMC9989770 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.999921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Attributing mental states to others, such as feelings, beliefs, goals, desires, and attitudes, is an important interpersonal ability, necessary for adaptive relationships, which underlies the ability to mentalize. To evaluate the attribution of mental and sensory states, a new 23-item measure, the Attribution of Mental States Questionnaire (AMS-Q), has been developed. The present study aimed to investigate the dimensionality of the AMS-Q and its psychometric proprieties in two studies. Study 1 focused on the development of the questionnaire and its factorial structure in a sample of Italian adults (N = 378). Study 2 aimed to confirm the findings in a new sample (N = 271). Besides the AMS-Q, Study 2 included assessments of Theory of Mind (ToM), mentalization, and alexithymia. A Principal Components Analysis (PCA) and a Parallel Analysis (PA) of the data from Study 1 yielded three factors assessing mental states with positive or neutral valence (AMS-NP), mental states with negative valence (AMS-N), and sensory states (AMS-S). These showed satisfactory reliability indexes. AMS-Q's whole-scale internal consistency was excellent. Multigroup Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) further confirmed the three-factor structure. The AMS-Q subscales also showed a consistent pattern of correlation with associated constructs in the theoretically predicted ways, relating positively to ToM and mentalization and negatively to alexithymia. Thus, the questionnaire is considered suitable to be easily administered and sensitive for assessing the attribution of mental and sensory states to humans. The AMS-Q can also be administered with stimuli of nonhuman agents (e.g., animals, inanimate things, and even God); this allows the level of mental anthropomorphization of other agents to be assessed using the human as a term of comparison, providing important hints in the perception of nonhuman entities as more or less mentalistic compared to human beings, and identifying what factors are required for the attribution of human mental traits to nonhuman agents, further helping to delineate the perception of others' minds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Miraglia
- Research Unit on Theory of Mind, Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Peretti
- Research Unit on Theory of Mind, Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
| | - Federico Manzi
- Research Unit on Theory of Mind, Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy.,Research Unit on Robopsychology in the Lifespan, Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
| | - Cinzia Di Dio
- Research Unit on Theory of Mind, Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy.,Research Unit on Robopsychology in the Lifespan, Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Massaro
- Research Unit on Theory of Mind, Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy.,Research Unit on Robopsychology in the Lifespan, Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonella Marchetti
- Research Unit on Theory of Mind, Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy.,Research Unit on Robopsychology in the Lifespan, Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
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He T, Isenberg P, Dachselt R, Isenberg T. BeauVis: A Validated Scale for Measuring the Aesthetic Pleasure of Visual Representations. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VISUALIZATION AND COMPUTER GRAPHICS 2023; 29:363-373. [PMID: 36155461 DOI: 10.1109/tvcg.2022.3209390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
We developed and validated a rating scale to assess the aesthetic pleasure (or beauty) of a visual data representation: the BeauVis scale. With our work we offer researchers and practitioners a simple instrument to compare the visual appearance of different visualizations, unrelated to data or context of use. Our rating scale can, for example, be used to accompany results from controlled experiments or be used as informative data points during in-depth qualitative studies. Given the lack of an aesthetic pleasure scale dedicated to visualizations, researchers have mostly chosen their own terms to study or compare the aesthetic pleasure of visualizations. Yet, many terms are possible and currently no clear guidance on their effectiveness regarding the judgment of aesthetic pleasure exists. To solve this problem, we engaged in a multi-step research process to develop the first validated rating scale specifically for judging the aesthetic pleasure of a visualization (osf.io/fxs76). Our final BeauVis scale consists of five items, "enjoyable," "likable," "pleasing," "nice," and "appealing." Beyond this scale itself, we contribute (a) a systematic review of the terms used in past research to capture aesthetics, (b) an investigation with visualization experts who suggested terms to use for judging the aesthetic pleasure of a visualization, and (c) a confirmatory survey in which we used our terms to study the aesthetic pleasure of a set of 3 visualizations.
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Pauli R, Gaum PM, Cropley M, Lang J. Antecedents, outcomes and measurement of work related-cognition in non-work time: A multistudy report using the work-related rumination questionnaire in two languages. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1013744. [PMID: 36935958 PMCID: PMC10017545 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1013744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
According to the perseverative cognition hypothesis, prolonged activation for example, via work-related rumination impairs recovery and thereby poses a risk to employee health. The extent to which gender, age, occupation or longitudinal stress exposure may alter work-related rumination is an ongoing debate. Whether group or longitudinal comparisons of work-related rumination are valid, however, has never been tested. In this multistudy report, we therefore investigated measurement invariance of the widely used Work-Related Rumination Questionnaire (WRRQ) across gender, age, occupation, and longitudinal measurements by performing secondary analyses of preexisting data on work-related rumination. We examined the psychometric properties of WRRQ measurements in two languages and expand knowledge about the nomological network of affective rumination, problem-solving pondering and detachment in relation to individual employee characteristics (e.g., personality, work engagement, commitment), job stressors (e.g., work intensity, decision latitude, social relations with colleagues and supervisors) and employee health outcomes (e.g., wellbeing, irritation, somatic symptoms). Multigroup confirmatory factor analyses showed partial scalar invariance of English and German WRRQ measurements and full scalar invariance across gender, age, occupation and over the period of 1 week (Study 1, n = 2,207). Correlation analyses supported criterion, convergent and discriminant validity of WRRQ measurements (Study 2, n = 4,002). These findings represent a prerequisite for comparisons of work-related cognition across groups and further the understanding of the antecedents and outcomes of different types of work-related cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Pauli
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Roman Pauli,
| | - Petra Maria Gaum
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Mark Cropley
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Psychology, University of Surrey, Guildford, England, United Kingdom
| | - Jessica Lang
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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Beumer WY, Roseboom TJ, Koot MH, Vrijkotte T, van Ditzhuijzen J. Carrying an unintended pregnancy to term and long-term maternal psychological distress: Findings from the Dutch prospective Amsterdam Born Children and their Development study. WOMEN'S HEALTH (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2023; 19:17455057231213737. [PMID: 38062674 PMCID: PMC10704944 DOI: 10.1177/17455057231213737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Given the estimated high rate of unintended pregnancies, it is important to investigate long-term effects on psychological distress in women carrying an unintended pregnancy to term. However, research into associations between unintended pregnancies carried to term and psychological distress postpartum is mixed, and especially, evidence on long-term associations is scarce. OBJECTIVE To examine whether carrying an unintended pregnancy to term is associated with maternal psychological distress later in life, up to 12 years postpartum. DESIGN This study is based on the population-based birth cohort study 'Amsterdam Born Children and their Development' study, which included pregnant people in 2003 (n = 7784) and followed them up until 12 years postpartum. METHODS Unintended pregnancy was measured as a multidimensional construct, based on self-reported data around 16 weeks gestation on pregnancy mistiming, unwantedness and unhappiness. Symptoms of maternal psychological distress were assessed around 3 months, 5 years and 12 years postpartum using multiple questionnaires measuring symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress. Multiple structural equation modelling models were analysed, examining the associations between dimensions of unintended pregnancy and maternal psychological distress per time point, while controlling for important co-occurring risks. RESULTS Pregnancy mistiming and unhappiness were significant predictors of more maternal psychological distress around 3 months postpartum. Around 5 years postpartum, only pregnancy mistiming was positively associated with maternal psychological distress. Dimensions of unintended pregnancy were no longer associated with maternal psychological distress around 12 years postpartum. Strikingly, antenatal psychological distress was a much stronger predictor of maternal psychological distress than pregnancy intention dimensions. CONCLUSION Those who carried a more unintended pregnancy to term reported more symptoms of psychological distress at 3 months and 5 years postpartum. People carrying an unintended pregnancy to term may benefit from extra support, not because of the pregnancy intentions per se, but because they may be related to antenatal psychological distress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wieke Y Beumer
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Reproduction and Development, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tessa J Roseboom
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Reproduction and Development, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marjette H Koot
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Tanja Vrijkotte
- Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jenneke van Ditzhuijzen
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Social Policy and Public Health, Department of Interdisciplinary Social Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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McNeish D. Generalizability of Dynamic Fit Index, Equivalence Testing, and Hu & Bentler Cutoffs for Evaluating Fit in Factor Analysis. MULTIVARIATE BEHAVIORAL RESEARCH 2023; 58:195-219. [PMID: 36787523 DOI: 10.1080/00273171.2022.2163477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Factor analysis is often used to model scales created to measure latent constructs, and internal structure validity evidence is commonly assessed with indices like RMSEA, and CFI. These indices are essentially effect size measures and definitive benchmarks regarding which values connote reasonable fit have been elusive. Simulations from the 1990s suggesting possible benchmark values are among the most highly cited methodological papers across any discipline. However, simulations have suggested that fixed benchmarks do not generalize well - fit indices are systematically impacted by characteristics like the number of items and the magnitude of the loadings, so fixed benchmarks can confound misfit with model characteristics. Alternative frameworks for creating customized, model-specific benchmarks have recently been proposed to circumvent these issues but they have not been systematically evaluated. Motivated by two empirical applications where different methods yield inconsistent conclusions, two simulation studies are performed to assess the ability of three different approaches to correctly classify models that are correct or misspecified across different conditions. Results show that dynamic fit indices and equivalence testing both improved upon the traditional Hu & Bentler benchmarks and dynamic fit indices appeared to be least confounded with model characteristics in the conditions studied.
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Gholami K, Alikhani M, Tirri K. Empirical model of teachers' neuroplasticity knowledge, mindset, and epistemological belief system. Front Psychol 2022; 13:1042891. [PMID: 36570980 PMCID: PMC9773884 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1042891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Educational research has shown that teachers' knowledge and beliefs are two important variables that significantly affect their pedagogical practice and decisions. Relying on the premise that knowledge is superior to beliefs in a pure epistemic dimension and rooted in the previous empirical studies, we examined the hypothesis that teachers' knowledge of neuroplasticity affects their epistemological belief system mediated by mindset. Using a survey consisting of established scales about these variables, we collected data from a sample of 345 teachers. Structural equation modeling was performed to test the hypothesis. Results showed that the path coefficients (direct effects) from teachers' knowledge of neuroplasticity to their mindset and epistemological belief system were statistically significant. In other words, we found that teachers with a higher score in the knowledge of neuroplasticity had a growth mindset and a sophisticated epistemological belief system. Teachers' knowledge of neuroplasticity also had an indirect effect on their epistemological belief system mediated by mindset. This result has a conceptual contribution to the literature because it suggests that teachers' knowledge of neuroplasticity is a predicting variable for mindset and epistemological belief system. In practice, it provides us with a tool for developing teachers' growth mindset and sophisticated epistemological beliefs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalil Gholami
- Department of Education, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran,Department of Education, Faculty of Educational Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland,*Correspondence: Khalil Gholami,
| | - Maryam Alikhani
- Department of Education, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Kirsi Tirri
- Department of Education, Faculty of Educational Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Eck KM, Byrd-Bredbenner C. Development and Psychometric Validation of the Athletes' Perceived Body Pressures from Coaches Questionnaire (APBPCQ). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph192416416. [PMID: 36554296 PMCID: PMC9778746 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192416416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to develop a questionnaire to assess male and female athletes' perceived weight and shape pressure from coaches and establish its psychometric properties. Exploratory factor analysis (N = 412 in each female sample 1 and 2) provided evidence for 4 scales for female athletes and 3 scales for male athletes which were confirmed in confirmatory factor analysis (N = 260 in each male sample 1 and 2). For both females and males, KMO testing and Bartlett's test of sphericity indicated that the sampling was adequate and survey items were appropriate for factor analysis. Additionally, all scales for both sexes had strong factor loadings (≥0.65), good Cronbach alpha coefficients (>0.70), and made contextual sense. The magnitude of difference results were indicative of a stable factor structure. Goodness-of-fit indicators were all in the expected direction. Good convergent validity was demonstrated. The questionnaire's excellent psychometric properties and novelty make it a valuable tool for researchers and practitioners. This questionnaire has the potential to identify training needs in coaching staff, as well as to identify athletes who may benefit from support and guidance for effectively coping with pressure from coaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlyn M. Eck
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Marywood University, Scranton, PA 18509, USA
| | - Carol Byrd-Bredbenner
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
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Borentain S, Gogate J, Williamson D, Carmody T, Trivedi M, Jamieson C, Cabrera P, Popova V, Wajs E, DiBernardo A, Daly EJ. Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale factors in treatment-resistant depression at onset of treatment: Derivation, replication, and change over time during treatment with esketamine. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res 2022; 31:e1927. [PMID: 35749277 PMCID: PMC9720209 DOI: 10.1002/mpr.1927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Derive and confirm factor structure of the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) in patients with treatment-resistant depression (TRD) and evaluate how the factors evident at baseline change over 4 weeks of esketamine treatment. METHODS Two similarly-designed, short-term TRANSFORM trials randomized adults to esketamine or matching placebo nasal spray, each with a newly-initiated oral antidepressant, for 4 weeks (TRANSFORM-1: N = 342 patients; TRANSFORM-2: N = 223 patients). The factor structure of MADRS item scores at baseline was determined by exploratory factor analysis in TRANSFORM-2 and corroborated by confirmatory factor analysis in TRANSFORM-1. Change in MADRS factor scores from baseline (day 1) to the end of the 28-day double-blind treatment phase of TRANSFORM-2 was analyzed using a mixed-effects model for repeated measures (MMRM). RESULTS Three factors were identified based on analysis of MADRS items: Factor 1 labeled affective and anhedonic symptoms (apparent sadness, reported sadness, lassitude, inability to feel), Factor 2 labeled anxiety and vegetative symptoms (inner tension, reduced sleep, reduced appetite, concentration difficulties), and Factor 3 labeled hopelessness (pessimistic thoughts, suicidal thoughts). The three-factor structure observed in TRANSFORM-2 was verified in TRANSFORM-1. Treatment benefit at 24 h with esketamine versus placebo was observed on all 3 factors and continued throughout the 4-week double-blind treatment period. CONCLUSIONS A three-factor structure for MADRS appears to generalize to TRD. All three factors improved over 4 weeks of treatment with esketamine nasal spray.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephane Borentain
- Department of Global Medical Affairs, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Titusville, New Jersey, USA
| | - Jagadish Gogate
- Department of Statistics & Decision Sciences, Janssen Research & Development LLC, Raritan, New Jersey, USA
| | - David Williamson
- Clinical Medical Affairs, Janssen Scientific Affairs LLC, Titusville, New Jersey, USA
| | - Thomas Carmody
- Department of Psychiatry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Madhukar Trivedi
- Department of Psychiatry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Carol Jamieson
- Patient Reported Outcomes, Janssen Research & Development LLC, Milpitas, California, USA
| | - Patricia Cabrera
- Department of Global Medical Affairs, Janssen Global Services LLC, Titusville, New Jersey, USA
| | - Vanina Popova
- Department of Neuroscience, Janssen Research & Development, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Ewa Wajs
- Department of Neuroscience, Janssen Research & Development, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Allitia DiBernardo
- Department of Global Medical Affairs, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Titusville, New Jersey, USA
| | - Ella J Daly
- Clinical Medical Affairs, Janssen Scientific Affairs LLC, Titusville, New Jersey, USA
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Bürgler S, Kleinke K, Hennecke M. The Metacognition in Self-Control Scale (MISCS). PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2022.111841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Robie C, Meade AW, Risavy SD, Rasheed S. Effects of Response Option Order on Likert-Type Psychometric Properties and Reactions. EDUCATIONAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL MEASUREMENT 2022; 82:1107-1129. [PMID: 36325125 PMCID: PMC9619315 DOI: 10.1177/00131644211069406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The effects of different response option orders on survey responses have been studied extensively. The typical research design involves examining the differences in response characteristics between conditions with the same item stems and response option orders that differ in valence-either incrementally arranged (e.g., strongly disagree to strongly agree) or decrementally arranged (e.g., strongly agree to strongly disagree). The present study added two additional experimental conditions-randomly incremental or decremental and completely randomized. All items were presented in an item-by-item format. We also extended previous studies by including an examination of response option order effects on: careless responding, correlations between focal predictors and criteria, and participant reactions, all the while controlling for false discovery rate and focusing on the size of effects. In a sample of 1,198 university students, we found little to no response option order effects on a recognized personality assessment vis-à-vis measurement equivalence, scale mean differences, item-level distributions, or participant reactions. However, the completely randomized response option order condition differed on several careless responding indices suggesting avenues for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chet Robie
- Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - Sabah Rasheed
- Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
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45
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Psychometric evaluation of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale 8 among women with chronic non-cancer pelvic pain. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20693. [PMID: 36450770 PMCID: PMC9712382 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15005-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Psychiatric comorbidity and abusive experiences in chronic pelvic pain (CPP) conditions may prolong disease course. This study investigated the psychometrics of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale 8 (DASS-8) among women with CPP (N = 214, mean age = 33.3 ± 12.4 years). The DASS-8 expressed excellent fit, invariance across age groups and menopausal status, good know-group validity (differentiating women with psychiatric comorbidity from those without comorbidity: U = 2018.0, p = 0.001), discriminant validity (HTMT ratios < 0.85), excellent reliability (alpha = 0.90), adequate predictive and convergent validity indicated by strong correlation with the DASS-21 (r = 0.94) and high values of item-total correlations (r = 0.884 to 0.893). In two-step cluster analysis, the DASS-8 classified women into low- and high-distress clusters (n = 141 and 73), with significantly higher levels of distress, pain severity and duration, and physical symptoms in cluster 2. The DASS-8 positively correlated with pain severity/duration, subjective symptoms of depression/anxiety, experiences of sexual assault, fatigue, headache severity, and collateral physical symptoms (e.g., dizziness, bloating, fatigue etc.) at the same level expressed by the parent scale and the DASS-12, or even greater. Accordingly, distress may represent a target for early identification of psychiatric comorbidity, CPP severity, experiences of sexual assault, and collateral physical complaints. Therefore, the DASS-8 is a useful brief measure, which may detect mental distress symptoms among women with CPP.
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46
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Molinari L, Grazia V. A multi-informant study of school climate: student, parent, and teacher perceptions. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY OF EDUCATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10212-022-00655-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThis paper presents a multi-informant study on school climate with the aim of (a) comparing students’, teachers’, and parents’ perceptions of several school climate dimensions and (b) examining the associations between dimensions pertaining to classroom practices and school atmosphere in both students and teachers. Participants comprised 105 teachers, 320 parents, and 1070 students (49% female; Mage = 11.77) enrolled in four middle schools in Northern Italy. The latent mean comparison of students’, teachers’, and parents’ perceptions revealed many significant differences, with teachers generally reporting better perceptions of the quality of the school environment. A multigroup path analysis highlighted associations between classroom practices and school atmosphere dimensions of school climate which varied for students and teachers. The findings are discussed in terms of their implications for school intervention and the fostering of a supportive school environment.
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Gil-Monte PR, Espejo B, Checa I, Gil-LaOrden P, Angeline J K, Carlotto MS, Converso D, Deroncele-Acosta Á, Figueiredo-Ferraz H, Galarza L, Gómez-Ortiz V, Grau-Alberola E, Labarthe J, Llorca-Pellicer M, Mekala V C, Misiolek-Marín A, Román-Cao E, Salas-Blas E, Schoenenberger S, Unda-Rojas S, Viotti S. Factor Structure and Measurement Invariance of the Spanish Burnout Inventory Among Professionals Across 17 Countries and Regions. APPLIED RESEARCH IN QUALITY OF LIFE 2022; 18:869-892. [PMID: 36345422 PMCID: PMC9631596 DOI: 10.1007/s11482-022-10108-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Studies on the prevalence of burnout in professionals in service organizations who work in direct contact with the clients or users of the organization have concluded that burnout is a serious health disorder that has increased due to the COVID-19 pandemic. A significant advantage of the Spanish Burnout Inventory (SBI) over other instruments is that it provides a broader conceptualization of burnout by including feelings of guilt as a dimension of burnout to explain its development. However, the measurement invariance of the SBI across countries has not been investigated. The purpose of this study was to test the measurement invariance of the SBI among professionals across 17 countries and regions in Europe, Latin America, and Asia, and in different languages. All the countries showed a good fit to the four-factor model, except the Indian sample, which was excluded from the measurement invariance study. Using the alignment method, it was possible to verify the scalar measurement invariance of the four SBI factors across 15 countries and one Spanish region (16 samples). The comparison of estimated latent means indicates that France is the country with the lowest scores on the Enthusiasm factor and the highest scores on the negative factors (Exhaustion, Indolence, and Guilt). In contrast, the Andean countries, Colombia, Peru, and Ecuador, show the highest latent means on the Enthusiasm factor and the lowest means on the negative factors. These results support the validity of the SBI in the countries and regions in Europe and Latin America included in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro R. Gil-Monte
- Unidad de Investigación Psicosocial de la Conducta Organizacional (UNIPSICO), Valencia, Spain
- Faculty of Psychology (Dep. Methodology of Behavioral Sciences), University of Valencia, Av. Blasco Ibáñez, 21; 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Begoña Espejo
- Faculty of Psychology (Dep. Methodology of Behavioral Sciences), University of Valencia, Av. Blasco Ibáñez, 21; 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Irene Checa
- Faculty of Psychology (Dep. Methodology of Behavioral Sciences), University of Valencia, Av. Blasco Ibáñez, 21; 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Pedro Gil-LaOrden
- Unidad de Investigación Psicosocial de la Conducta Organizacional (UNIPSICO), Valencia, Spain
- Faculty of Psychology (Dep. Methodology of Behavioral Sciences), University of Valencia, Av. Blasco Ibáñez, 21; 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - Hugo Figueiredo-Ferraz
- Unidad de Investigación Psicosocial de la Conducta Organizacional (UNIPSICO), Valencia, Spain
- Universidad Internacional de Valencia (VIU), Valencia, Spain
| | | | | | - Ester Grau-Alberola
- Unidad de Investigación Psicosocial de la Conducta Organizacional (UNIPSICO), Valencia, Spain
- Universidad Internacional de La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | | | - Marta Llorca-Pellicer
- Unidad de Investigación Psicosocial de la Conducta Organizacional (UNIPSICO), Valencia, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Sara Unda-Rojas
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, FES Zaragoza, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Sara Viotti
- Università degli Studi di Torino, Turin, Italy
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Rinn R, Ludwig J, Fassler P, Deutsch R. Cues of wealth and the subjective perception of rich people. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03763-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThese pre-registered studies shed light on the cues that individuals use to identify rich people. In two studies (N = 598), we first developed a factor-analytical model that describes the content and the mental structure of 24 wealth cues. A third within-subject study (N = 89) then assessed the perception of rich subgroups based on this model of wealth cues. Participants evaluated the extent to which the wealth cues applied to two distinct subgroups of rich people. The results show: German and US-American participants think that one can identify rich people based on the same set of cues which can be grouped along the following dimensions: luxury consumption, expensive hobbies, spontaneous spending, greedy behavior, charismatic behavior, self-presentation, and specific possessions. However, Germans and US-Americans relied on these cues to different degrees to diagnose wealth in others. Moreover, we found evidence for subgroup-specific wealth cue profiles insofar as target individuals who acquired their wealth via internal (e.g., hard work) compared to external means (e.g., lottery winners) were evaluated differently on these wealth cues, presumably because of their perceived differences in valence and competence. Together, this research provides new insights in the cognitive representation of the latent construct of wealth. Practical implications for research on the perception of affluence, and implications for political decision makers, are discussed in the last section.
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Park K, Yoon S, Cho S, Choi Y, Lee SH, Choi KH. Final validation of the mental health screening tool for depressive disorders: A brief online and offline screening tool for major depressive disorder. Front Psychol 2022; 13:992068. [PMID: 36275320 PMCID: PMC9580402 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.992068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Early screening for depressive disorders is crucial given that major depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the main reasons of global burden of disease, and depression is the underlying cause for 60% of suicides. The need for an accurate screening for depression with high diagnostic sensitivity and specificity in a brief and culturally adapted manner has emerged. This study reports the final stage of a 3-year research project for the development of depression screening tool. The developed Mental Health Screening Tool for Depressive Disorders (MHS:D) was designed to be administered in both online and offline environments with a high level of sensitivity and specificity in screening for major depressive disorder. A total of 527 individuals completed two versions (online/offline) of the MHS:D and existing depression scales, including the BDI-II, CES-D, and PHQ-9. The Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) for diagnostic sensitivity/specificity was also administered to all participants. Internal consistency, convergent validity, factor analysis, item response theory analysis, and receiver operating characteristics curve (ROC) analysis were performed. The MHS:D showed an excellent level of internal consistency and convergent validity as well as a one-factor model with a reasonable level of model fit. The MHS:D could screen for major depressive disorder accurately (0.911 sensitivity and 0.878 specificity for both online and paper-pencil versions). Item response theory analysis suggested that items from the MHS:D could provide significantly more information than other existing depression scales. These statistical analyses indicated that the MHS:D is a valid and reliable scale for screening Korean patients with MDD with high diagnostic sensitivity and specificity. Moreover, given that the MHS:D is a considerably brief scale that can be administered in either online or paper-pencil versions, it can be used effectively in various contexts, particularly during the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiho Park
- School of Psychology, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seowon Yoon
- School of Psychology, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Surin Cho
- School of Psychology, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Younyoung Choi
- Department of Psychology, Ajou University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung-Hwan Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Kee-Hong Choi
- School of Psychology, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
- KU Mind Health Institute, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Kee-Hong Choi,
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50
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Heinz A, Sischka PE, Catunda C, Cosma A, García-Moya I, Lyyra N, Kaman A, Ravens-Sieberer U, Pickett W. Item response theory and differential test functioning analysis of the HBSC-Symptom-Checklist across 46 countries. BMC Med Res Methodol 2022; 22:253. [PMID: 36175865 PMCID: PMC9520881 DOI: 10.1186/s12874-022-01698-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Symptom Checklist (SCL) developed by the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study is a non-clinical measure of psychosomatic complaints (e.g., headache and feeling low) that has been used in numerous studies. Several studies have investigated the psychometric characteristics of this scale; however, some psychometric properties remain unclear, among them especially a) dimensionality, b) adequacy of the Graded Response Model (GRM), and c) measurement invariance across countries. METHODS Data from 229,906 adolescents aged 11, 13 and 15 from 46 countries that participated in the 2018 HBSC survey were analyzed. Adolescents were selected using representative sampling and surveyed by questionnaire in the classroom. Dimensionality was investigated using exploratory graph analysis. In addition, we investigated whether the GRM provided an adequate description of the data. Reliability over the latent variable continuum and differential test functioning across countries were also examined. RESULTS Exploratory graph analyses showed that SCL can be considered as one-dimensional in 16 countries. However, a comparison of the unidimensional with a post-hoc bifactor GRM showed that deviation from a hypothesized one-dimensional structure was negligible in most countries. Multigroup invariance analyses supported configural and metric invariance, but not scalar invariance across 32 countries. Alignment analysis showed non-invariance especially for the items irritability, feeling nervous/bad temper and feeling low. CONCLUSION HBSC-SCL appears to represent a consistent and reliable unidimensional instrument across most countries. This bodes well for population health analyses that rely on this scale as an early indicator of mental health status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Heinz
- Department of Social Sciences, University of Luxembourg, Maison des Sciences Humaines, 11, Porte des Sciences, L-4366, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg. .,Department of Health, IU Internationale Hochschule, Erfurt, Germany.
| | - Philipp E Sischka
- Department of Behavioural and Cognitive Sciences, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Carolina Catunda
- Department of Social Sciences, University of Luxembourg, Maison des Sciences Humaines, 11, Porte des Sciences, L-4366, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Alina Cosma
- Sts Cyril and Methodius Faculty of Theology, Olomouc University Social Health Institute, Palacky University in Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic.,Department of Sociology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Irene García-Moya
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Nelli Lyyra
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Anne Kaman
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ulrike Ravens-Sieberer
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - William Pickett
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St Catharines, Canada.,Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
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