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Singh A, Chattopadhyay A. Age-appropriate BMI cut-offs for malnutrition among older adults in India. Sci Rep 2024; 14:15072. [PMID: 38956083 PMCID: PMC11219785 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63421-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
With the increasing prevalence of obesity in India, body mass index (BMI) has garnered importance as a disease predictor. The current World Health Organization (WHO) body mass index (BMI) cut-offs may not accurately portray these health risks in older adults aged 60 years and above. This study aims to define age-appropriate cut-offs for older adults (60-74 years and 75 years and above) and compare the performance of these cut-offs with the WHO BMI cut-offs using cardio-metabolic conditions as outcomes. Using baseline data from the Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (LASI), classification and regression tree (CART) cross-sectional analysis was conducted to obtain age-appropriate BMI cut-offs based on cardio-metabolic conditions as outcomes. Logistic regression models were estimated to compare the association of the two sets of cut-offs with cardio-metabolic outcomes. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), sensitivity and specificity were estimated. Agreement with waist circumference, an alternate measure of adiposity, was conducted. For older adults aged 60-74 years and 75 years and above, the cut-off for underweight reduced from < 18.5 to < 17.4 and < 13.3 respectively. The thresholds for overweight and obese increased for older adults aged 60-74 years old from > = 25 to > 28.8 and > = 30 to > 33.7 respectively. For older adults aged 75 years and above, the thresholds decreased for both categories. The largest improvement in AUC was observed in older adults aged 75 years and above. The newly derived cut-offs also demonstrated higher sensitivity and specificity among all age-sex stratifications. There is a need to adopt greater rigidity in defining overweight/obesity among older adults aged 75 years and above, as opposed to older adults aged 60-74 years old among whom the thresholds need to be less conservative. Further stratification in the low risk category could also improve BMI classification among older adults. These age-specific thresholds may act as improved alternatives of the current WHO BMI thresholds and improve classification among older adults in India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akancha Singh
- International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, 400088, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Aparajita Chattopadhyay
- Department of Population and Development, and Associate Head, Centre for Demography of Gender (CDG), International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, 400088, Maharashtra, India
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Bertozzi F, Tenderini D, Camuncoli F, Simoni G, Galli M, Tarabini M. Bioimpedance Vector Analysis-Derived Body Composition Influences Strength and Power in Alpine Skiers. RESEARCH QUARTERLY FOR EXERCISE AND SPORT 2024:1-7. [PMID: 38319327 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2023.2298464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Purpose: Alpine ski racing is a complex sport where no single factor can exclusively account for performance. We assessed body composition, using bioelectrical impedance vector analysis (BIVA), and our purpose was to study its influence on the strength and power profile of young alpine skiers. Methods: Anthropometric measurements and advanced BIVA parameters were recorded on eighteen alpine ski racers (6 females/12 males; 17.0 ± 1.3 years; 172.2 ± 9.3 cm; 68.5 ± 9.8 kg). Dynamic force and power were assessed using countermovement jumps (CMJ), while maximal isometric strength was evaluated for hip flexion-extension and abduction-adduction movements. Stepwise regression models examined the relationship between BIVA-derived parameters and strength/power variables. Results: Body cellular mass (BCM) positively related to jump height (p = .021, R2 = 74%), jump momentum (p < .001, R2 = 89%), reactive strength index modified (p = .026, R2 = 75%) and peak concentric power (p < .001, R2 = 82%), while intracellular water (ICW) related to peak eccentric (p < .001, R2 = 76%) and concentric force (p < .001, R2 = 77%) as well as to concentric rate of force development together with the phase angle (PhA) (p = .008, R2 = 79% and R2 = 0.015). Regarding isometric assessment, ICW was a significant predictor for all four movement directions, and PhA contributed to hip adduction strength. Conclusions: Body composition, particularly BCM and ICW, significantly predict force- and power-related factors in young alpine skiers.
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Juby A, Davis C, Minimaana S, Mager D. Observational cohort study of highly functioning community-dwelling older adults to assess their sarcopenic status, leisure physical activity, and quality of life over 12-months. Heliyon 2023; 9:e20078. [PMID: 37809471 PMCID: PMC10559810 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The prevalence of sarcopenia varies depending on the cohort evaluated, and the diagnostic criteria used. Older adults with sarcopenia report lower quality of life than their non-sarcopenic peers. Leisure physical activity is reported to have a variable effect on sarcopenic status. Most studies to date, have been done in "vulnerable" populations, with fewer done on independent community-dwelling older adults. None have been done in an Alberta, Canada population. Objectives To prospectively evaluate the sarcopenic status of independent community-dwelling older Albertan adults; whether this changed over 12-months; and any association with self-reported leisure activity or quality of life. Methods Independent community-dwelling older adults were invited to participate in a 12-month observational study. Assessments were done at baseline, 6 and 12-months for physical function (TUG, SPPB, gait speed, Tinetti, grip strength), muscle mass (DXA, arm and calf circumference), body fat (skinfold, DXA), reported daily exercise (aerobic, resistance), quality of life (EQ5D), and laboratory parameters. European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP) definitions of sarcopenic status were used. Results All 50 participants (11 male), were independent of all basic activities of daily living at baseline, and most instrumental activities (some needed assistance with driving or finances). They had an average age of 75.8 (67-90) years, with average MMSE and MoCA cognitive scores of 28.1/30 (20-30) and 24.8/30 (14-30) respectively. Eight participants dropped out prior to their first DXA test. Of the remaining 42, 17 participants (5 male) fulfilled the EWGSOP revised criteria for probable, pre-sarcopenia, or sarcopenia, giving a rate of baseline total sarcopenia of 40.5% in this community-dwelling sample. The majority were pre-sarcopenic (28.6%), and sarcopenia was present only in 7.1%. The total sarcopenia group had a lower BMI (25.6 ± 5.1 versus 29 ± 5, p = 0.01), less body fat by skinfold measurement (36.4 ± 6.5 versus 39.3 ± 8.1, p = 0.01) and lower mid-calf (35.6 ± 3.2 versus 37.6 ± 3.4, p = 0.04) and mid-arm (29.1 ± 2.5 versus 31.9 ± 3.5, p = 0.02) circumferences when compared to their non-sarcopenic peers. After 12-months, 39 participants remained in the study. Of these, the sarcopenic status of 7 improved, 10 declined, with the remaining 56% not changing. There were no statistically significant differences in baseline laboratory parameters between the groups, including 25(OH)D status. But, of the status decliners, 40% had suboptimal 25(OH)D at baseline. Self-reported leisure activity (both total time and frequency) was not associated with sarcopenic status at 12-months. EuroQol -5D was not associated with sarcopenic status. Conclusions The rate of sarcopenia was 7.1%, but the total rate of pre, probable and sarcopenia in this highly functioning, community-dwelling older adult cohort was 40.5%. In the majority (75%), there was either no change, or an improvement, in their sarcopenic status over 12-months. There was no association identified with self-reported leisure activity or quality of life in this cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- A.G. Juby
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - C.M.J. Davis
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - S. Minimaana
- Faculty of Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - D.R. Mager
- Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Nutrition Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Daryanoosh F, Alishavandi H, Nemati J, Basereh A, Jowhari A, Asad-Manesh E, Oliveira R, Brito JP, Prieto-González P, García-Calvo T, Khoramipour K, Nobari H. Effect of interval and continuous small-sided games training on the bio-motor abilities of young soccer players: a comparative study. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2023; 15:51. [PMID: 37016403 PMCID: PMC10071664 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-023-00664-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study compared the effects of two different small-sided game (SSG) training methods, interval (ISSG) and continuous (CSSG) on the bio-motor abilities of young soccer players. METHODS Sixteen young soccer players (age: 19.5 ± 0.5 years; height: 177 ± 4.72 cm) were ranked based on the result of a running-based anaerobic sprint test (RAST) and randomly divided into two groups: CSSG (n = 8) and ISSG (n = 8). The training protocols were performed for eight weeks, three sessions per week. Participants were assessed twice (pre- and post-intervention) to estimate their anaerobic capacity with the RAST, aerobic capacity with Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test, body fat percentage with a bioimpedance analysis, speed with a 30-meter run test, and agility with the Illinois agility test. During the training session, the rating of the perceived exertion (RPE) and heart rate (mean and maximum) were recorded to assess the training load. RESULTS In general, aerobic and anaerobic capacities improved after ISSG (p < 0.05, for all). The between-group analysis with repeated measures ANOVA revealed higher values for ISSG than CSSG groups post-intervention in anaerobic power (p = 0.042, ηp2 = 0.264). In addition, the independent t-test results indicated that ISSG presented lower values of mean heart rate (p = 0.023, effect size [ES] = 0.85) and RPE (p < 0.05, ES = 0.88) than CSSG. Moreover, higher values for maximum heart rate were revealed for ISSG than for the CSSG group (p = 0.004, ES = 0.85). CONCLUSION In conclusion, the findings of this study suggests that ISSG can lead to better improvements in anaerobic power and aerobic capacity than CSSG. Additionally, the ISSG led to a lower mean heart rate and RPE than the CSSG. Therefore, coaches and trainers may want to consider incorporating ISSG into their training programs for young soccer players to enhance their bio-motor abilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhad Daryanoosh
- Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, Department of Sports Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hossein Alishavandi
- Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, Department of Sports Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Javad Nemati
- Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, Department of Sports Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Aref Basereh
- Department exercise physiology, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Jowhari
- Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, Department of Sports Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Enayatollah Asad-Manesh
- Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, Department of Sports Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Rafael Oliveira
- Sports Science School of Rio Maior - Polytechnic Institute of Santarém, Rio Maior, 2040-413, Portugal.
- Life Quality Research Centre, Rio Maior, 2040-413, Portugal.
- Research Centre in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, Vila Real, 5001-801, Portugal.
| | - João Paulo Brito
- Sports Science School of Rio Maior - Polytechnic Institute of Santarém, Rio Maior, 2040-413, Portugal
- Life Quality Research Centre, Rio Maior, 2040-413, Portugal
- Research Centre in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, Vila Real, 5001-801, Portugal
| | - Pablo Prieto-González
- Sport Sciences and Diagnostics Research Group, GSD-HPE Department, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh, 11586, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tomás García-Calvo
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, 10003, Spain
| | - Kayvan Khoramipour
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Hadi Nobari
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, 10003, Spain.
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Yapici H, Gülü M, Yagin FH, Ugurlu D, Comertpay E, Eroglu O, Kocoğlu M, Aldhahi MI, Karayigit R, Badri AL-Mhanna S. The effect of 8-weeks of combined resistance training and chocolate milk consumption on maximal strength, muscle thickness, peak power and lean mass, untrained, university-aged males. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1148494. [PMID: 37007992 PMCID: PMC10064218 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1148494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The overarching aim of this study was to investigate the combined effects of chocolate milk consumption (500 mL) with 8-week of resistance training on muscle hypertrophy, body composition, and maximal strength in untrained healthy men. A total of 22 Participants were randomly divided into two experimental groups: combined resistance training (3 sessions per week for 8 weeks) and chocolate milk consumptions (include 30 g protein) Resistance Training Chocolate Milk (RTCM) (Age: 20.9 ± 0.9 years old) and resistance training (RT) only (Age: 19.8 ± 0.7 years old). Muscle thickness (MT), using a portable ultrasound, body composition, body mass, maximal strength (one repetition maximum (1 RM), counter movement jump (CMJ) and peak power (PP) were determined at baseline and 8 weeks later. In the RTCM, finding showed a significant improvement in the outcomes compared to the RT group, besides the main effect of time (pre and post). The 1 RM total increased by 36.7% in RTCM group compared to 17.6% increased in the RT group (p < 0.001). Muscle thickness increased by 20.8% in the RTCM group and 9.1% in the RT group (p < 0.001). In the RTCM group, the PP increased by 37.8% compared to only 13.8% increase in the RT group (p = 0.001). The group*time interaction effect was significant for MT, 1RM, CMJ, and PP (p < 0.05), and it was observed that the RTCM and the 8-week resistance training protocol maximized performance. Body fat percentage (%) decreased more in the RTCM (18.9%) group than in the RT (6.7%) group (p = 0.002). In conclusion, chocolate milk (500 mL) with high protein content consumed in addition to resistance training provided superior gains in terms of MT, 1 RM, body composition, CMJ, and PP. The finding of the study demonstrated the positive effect of casein-based protein (chocolate milk) and resistance training on the muscle performance. Chocolate milk consumption has a more positive effect on muscle strength when combined with RT and should be considered as a suitable post-exercise nutritional supplement. Future research could be conducted with a larger number of participants of different ages and longer study durations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hakan Yapici
- Department of Sports Management, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Kirikkale University, Kirikkale, Türkiye
| | - Mehmet Gülü
- Department of Sports Management, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Kirikkale University, Kirikkale, Türkiye
- *Correspondence: Mehmet Gülü,
| | - Fatma Hilal Yagin
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya, Türkiye
| | - Dondu Ugurlu
- Department of Sports Management, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Kirikkale University, Kirikkale, Türkiye
| | - Ertan Comertpay
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kirikkale University, Kirikkale, Türkiye
| | - Oguz Eroglu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kirikkale University, Kirikkale, Türkiye
| | - Melike Kocoğlu
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kirikkale University, Kirikkale, Türkiye
| | - Monira I. Aldhahi
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raci Karayigit
- Department of Coaching Education, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Ankara University, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Sameer Badri AL-Mhanna
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
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Effects of age and gender on body composition indices as predictors of mortality in middle-aged and old people. Sci Rep 2022; 12:7912. [PMID: 35551227 PMCID: PMC9098413 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12048-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
To determine whether body composition indices interact with age and gender as a predictor of all-cause mortality, 1200 participants at least 40 years of age were recruited in 2009 and 2010. A multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis device was used to measure each participant's body composition indices, including the fat mass index (FMI), fat free mass index (FFMI), skeletal muscle mass index (SMMI), and visceral fat area index (VFAI). A baseline questionnaire was used to collect demographic information about lifestyle habits, socioeconomic status, and medical conditions. All claimed records of death from 2009 to 2018 in the National Health Insurance Research Databank were identified. The all-cause mortality rate was 8.67% after a mean follow-up period of 5.86 ± 2.39 person-years. The Cox proportional hazard model analysis showed significantly negative associations between FFMI or SMMI with all-cause mortality in the total group and those aged ≥ 65 y/o. The FFMI and SMMI were negative predictors of mortality in both genders. The FMI and VFAI were positive predictors of mortality exclusively in females. In conclusion, the SMMI is a better predictor of mortality than the BMI, FMI, and FFMI, especially in older adults. A higher fat mass or visceral fat distribution may predict higher mortality in females.
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Sullivan K, Metoyer CJ, Hornikel B, Holmes CJ, Nickerson BS, Esco MR, Fedewa MV. Agreement Between A 2-Dimensional Digital Image-Based 3-Compartment Body Composition Model and Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry for The Estimation of Relative Adiposity. J Clin Densitom 2022; 25:244-251. [PMID: 34756706 PMCID: PMC8942865 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocd.2021.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare relative adiposity (%Fat) derived from a 2-dimensional image-based 3-component (3C) model (%Fat3C-IMAGE) and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) (%FatDXA) against a 5-component (5C) laboratory criterion (%Fat5C). 57 participants were included (63.2% male, 84.2% White/Caucasian, 22.5±4.7 yrs., 23.9±2.8 kg/m2). For each participant, body mass and standing height were measured to the nearest 0.1 kg and 0.1 cm, respectively. A digital image of each participant was taken using a 9.7 inch, 16g iPad Air 2 and analyzed using a commercially available application (version 1.1.2, made Health and Fitness, USA) for the estimation of body volume (BV) and inclusion in %Fat3C-IMAGE . %Fat3C-IMAGE and %Fat5C included measures of total body water derived from bioimpedance spectroscopy. The criterion %Fat5C included BV estimates derived from underwater weighing and bone mineral content measures via DXA. %FatDXA estimates were calculated from a whole-body DXA scan. A standardized mean effect size (ES) assessed the magnitude of differences between models with values of 0.2, 0.5, and 0.8 for small, moderate, and large differences, respectively. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation. A strong correlation (r = 0.94, p <.001) and small mean difference (ES = 0.24, p <.001) was observed between %Fat3C-IMAGE (19.20±5.80) and %Fat5C (17.69±6.20) whereas a strong correlation (r = 0.87, p <.001) and moderate-large mean difference (ES = 0.70, p <.001) was observed between %FatDXA (22.01±6.81) and %Fat5C. Furthermore, %Fat3C-IMAGE (SEE = 2.20 %Fat, TE= 2.6) exhibited smaller SEE and TE than %FatDXA (SEE = 3.14 %Fat, TE = 5.5). The 3C image-based model performed slightly better in our sample of young adults than the DXA 3C model. Thus, the 2D image analysis program provides an accurate and non-invasive estimate of %Fat within a 3C model in young adults. Compared to DXA, the 3C image-based model allows for a more cost-effective and portable method of body composition assessment, potentially increasing accessibility to multi-component methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Sullivan
- Department of Kinesiology, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama, USA
| | - Casey J Metoyer
- Department of Kinesiology, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama, USA
| | - Bjoern Hornikel
- Department of Kinesiology, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama, USA
| | - Clifton J Holmes
- Department of Kinesiology, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama, USA; Program in Physical Therapy, School of Medicine, Washington University, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Brett S Nickerson
- College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Texas A&M International University, Laredo, Texas, USA
| | - Michael R Esco
- Department of Kinesiology, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama, USA
| | - Michael V Fedewa
- Department of Kinesiology, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama, USA.
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Body composition adaptations to lower-body plyometric training: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Biol Sport 2022; 39:273-287. [PMID: 35309540 PMCID: PMC8919888 DOI: 10.5114/biolsport.2022.104916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this meta-analysis was to explore the effects of plyometric jump training (PJT) on body composition parameters among males. Relevant articles were searched in the electronic databases PubMed, MEDLINE, WOS, and SCOPUS, using the key words “ballistic”, “complex”, “explosive”, “force-velocity”, “plyometric”, “stretch-shortening cycle”, “jump”, “training”, and “body composition”. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that investigating the effects of PJT in healthy male’s body composition (e.g., muscle mass; body fat), irrespective of age. From database searching 21 RCTs were included (separate experimental groups = 28; pooled number of participants = 594). Compared to control, PJT produced significant increases in total leg muscle volume (small ES = 0.55, p = 0.009), thigh muscle volume (small ES = 0.38, p = 0.043), thigh girth (large ES = 1.78, p = 0.011), calf girth (large ES = 1.89, p = 0.022), and muscle pennation angle (small ES = 0.53, p = 0.040). However, we did not find significant difference between PJT and control for muscle cross-sectional area, body fat, and skinfold thickness. Heterogeneity remained low-to-moderate for most analyses, and using the Egger’s test publication bias was not found in any of the analyses (p = 0.300–0.900). No injuries were reported among the included studies. PJT seems to be an effective and safe mode of exercise for increasing leg muscle volume, thigh muscle volume, thigh and calf girth, and muscle pennation angle. Therefore, PJT may be effective to improve muscle size and architecture, with potential implications in several clinical and sport-related contexts.
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Sullivan K, Hornikel B, Holmes CJ, Esco MR, Fedewa MV. Validity of a 3-compartment body composition model using body volume derived from a novel 2-dimensional image analysis program. Eur J Clin Nutr 2022; 76:111-118. [PMID: 33772216 PMCID: PMC8764971 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-021-00899-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was: (1) to compare body volume (BV) estimated from a 2-dimensional (2D) image analysis program (BVIMAGE), and a dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) equation (BVDXA-Smith-Ryan) to an underwater weighing (UWW) criterion (BVUWW); (2) to compare relative adiposity (%Fat) derived from a 3-compartment (3C) model using BVIMAGE (%Fat3C-IMAGE), and a 4-compartment (4C) model using BVDXA-Smith-Ryan (%Fat4C-DXA-Smith-Ryan) to a 4C criterion model using BVUWW (%Fat4C-UWW). SUBJECT/METHODS Forty-eight participants were included (60% male, 22.9 ± 5.0 years, 24.2 ± 2.6 kg/m2). BVIMAGE was derived using a single digital image of each participant taken from the rear/posterior view. DXA-derived BV was calculated according to Smith-Ryan et al. Bioimpedance spectroscopy and DXA were used to measure total body water and bone mineral content, respectively, in the 3C and 4C models. A standardized mean effect size (ES) assessed the magnitude of differences between models with values of 0.2, 0.5, and 0.8 for small, moderate, and large differences, respectively. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation. RESULTS Near-perfect correlation (r = 0.998, p < 0.001) and no mean differences (p = 0.267) were observed between BVIMAGE (69.6 ± 11.5 L) and BVUWW (69.5 ± 11.4 L). No mean differences were observed between %Fat4C-DXA-Smith-Ryan and the %Fat4C-UWW criterion (p = 0.988). Small mean differences were observed between %Fat3C-IMAGE and %Fat4C-UWW (ES = 0.2, p < 0.001). %Fat3C-IMAGE exhibited smaller SEE and TE, and tighter limits of agreement than %Fat4C-DXA-Smith-Ryan. CONCLUSIONS The 2D image analysis program provided an accurate and non-invasive estimate of BV, and subsequently %Fat within a 3C model in generally healthy, young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Sullivan
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
| | - Bjoern Hornikel
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
| | - Clifton J. Holmes
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA,Program in Physical Therapy, School of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Michael R. Esco
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
| | - Michael V. Fedewa
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
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Individual and community-level determinants of overweight and obesity among urban men: Further analysis of the Ethiopian demographic and health survey. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0259412. [PMID: 34735510 PMCID: PMC8568163 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0259412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Overweight and obesity have become a serious public health problem in both developed and developing countries, particularly in urban areas. However, there are limited studies conducted to identify the risk factors of overweight and obesity in Ethiopia, especially among men. Therefore, this study aimed to assess individual and community level determinants of overweight and obesity among urban men in Ethiopia. Methods This study used the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) data. A weighted sample of 2259 urban men aged 15–59 years were included in this analysis. A multilevel logistic regression model was used to assess the determinants of overweight and obesity among the study participants. Results Men aged 30–44 years old (AOR = 3.1, 95% CI: 2.3–4.11), 45–59 years old (AOR = 4.8, 95% CI: 3.4–6.9), married (AOR = 1.7, 95% CI: 1.3–2.2), with secondary education (AOR = 2.7, 95% CI: 1.6–4.7), with higher education (AOR = 3.6, 95% CI: 2.1–6.2), watching television at least once a week (AOR = 1.7, 95% CI: 1.1–2.7), being from high rich communities (AOR = 2.4, 95% CI: 1.5–3.7), and living in three metropolises (Addis Ababa, Harari, Diredawa) were more likely to be overweight or obese (AOR = 1.8, 95% CI: 1.1–2.9). However, currently unemployed men were less likely to be overweight or obese (AOR = 0.5, 95% CI: 0.3–0.7). Conclusion Being older age, being married, having higher educational status, having higher frequency of watching television, being residents of three metropolises (Addis Ababa, Harari, and Diredawa), and being from high rich communities were found to be predictors of overweight and obesity in Ethiopian men. Therefore, it is essential to design strategies and programs to reduce or prevent overweight and obesity with special focus on the identified risk factors.
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Totosy de Zepetnek JO, Lee JJ, Boateng T, Plastina SE, Cleary S, Huang L, Kucab M, Paterakis S, Brett NR, Bellissimo N. Test-retest reliability and validity of body composition methods in adults. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging 2021; 41:417-425. [PMID: 34058055 DOI: 10.1111/cpf.12716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Cost-effective and efficient body composition measurement devices that are reliable and valid are necessary for identifying health risk as well as for understanding the effectiveness of lifestyle interventions. The objective of this study was to evaluate the test-retest reliability and validity of three body composition measurement devices. Forty-nine adults (mean age (SD) = 31.5 (10.7) y; BMI = 23.5 (3.0) kg/m2 ) completed a reference air displacement plethysmography (ADP) measure, and duplicate measures using skinfold callipers (Lange), ultrasound (BodyMetrix A-mode) and a 3-dimensional photonic scanner (3DPS; Fit3D ProScanner). Skinfold thickness was measured at seven sites using callipers and ultrasound; percent body fat (%BF) was then estimated using population-specific algorithms. The 3DPS was used to measure body circumferences, and then %BF was estimated using its beta-software. While skinfold callipers showed poor absolute reliability (mean differences (Δ) [95% CI] = 0.54% [0.22, 0.87], standard error of measurement (SEM) = 0.63%), ultrasound and the 3DPS showed excellent absolute (Δ = 0.17% [-0.25, 0.58], SEM = 0.78%; and Δ = -0.01% [-0.43, 0.40], SEM = 0.67%, respectively) and relative reliability (ICC2,1 = 0.988 [0.979, 0.993]; and ICC2,1 = 0.983 [0.968, 0.991], respectively). Compared to ADP (n = 43), skinfold callipers underestimated %BF (Δ = -4.53 [-7.72, -1.34]; p = 0.003), while ultrasound (Δ = -0.32 [-3.51, 2.87]; p = 0.99) and the 3DPS (Δ = 1.06 [-2.12. 4.26]; p = 0.77) were not significantly different. Bland-Altman plots showed a minimal bias of ultrasound [95% limit of agreement (LOA) = -7.87, 7.23] and the 3DPS [95% LOA = -6.66, 8.79]. In conclusion, estimating %BF from subcutaneous fat measurements using ultrasound and body circumferences using a 3DPS may be reliable and valid methods that require minimal technician expertise.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jennifer J Lee
- School of Nutrition, Faculty of Community Services, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Terence Boateng
- School of Nutrition, Faculty of Community Services, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Stephanie E Plastina
- School of Nutrition, Faculty of Community Services, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Shane Cleary
- School of Nutrition, Faculty of Community Services, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Liuye Huang
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Michaela Kucab
- School of Nutrition, Faculty of Community Services, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Stella Paterakis
- School of Nutrition, Faculty of Community Services, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Neil R Brett
- School of Nutrition, Faculty of Community Services, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nick Bellissimo
- School of Nutrition, Faculty of Community Services, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada
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12
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Syed-Abdul MM, Soni DS, Barnes JT, Wagganer JD. Comparative analysis of BIA, IBC and DXA for determining body fat in American Football players. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2021; 61:687-692. [PMID: 33472346 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.21.11278-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Body composition is frequently measured by sports, fitness, and healthcare professionals. Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) analysis is a validated measurement of body composition and is considered a criterion or "gold-standard" measurement. However, due to long scan times, accessibility and cost, conducting DXA scans on larger athletes (i.e., football players) is difficult. Hence fitness professionals, notably strength and conditioning coaches, typically use other methods to measure body composition. The aim of this study was to assess the accuracy of the Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) and Integrative Body Composition (IBC) techniques to DXA body fat percent (BF%) in collegiate American Football players. METHODS Participants performed all three modes of body composition measurement: DXA, BIA (BIA-A [athlete]and BIA-NA [non-athlete modes]), and IBC, on the same day during early morning hours in a fasted state. RESULTS The BF% measured via all methods significantly correlated with BF% measured via DXA (i.e., BIA-A [P<0.001, r=0.903], BIA-NA [P<0.001, r=0.891], and IBC [P<0.001, r=0.867]). However, values obtained via BIA-A (athlete) (P<0.001) and IBC (P<0.001) methods under predicted BF%. CONCLUSIONS BIA and IBC can be used as an alternative to DXA for measuring BF% in American Football players. The BIA-A and IBC under predicted BF% compare to DXA, therefore, a correction formula can be utilized by coaches and athletes to predict BF% more accurately compared to IBC and BIA-A methods in American Football players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid M Syed-Abdul
- Department of Kinesiology, Nutrition, and Recreation, Southeast Missouri State University, Cape Girardeau, MO, USA -
| | - Dhwani S Soni
- Department of Kinesiology, Nutrition, and Recreation, Southeast Missouri State University, Cape Girardeau, MO, USA
| | - Jeremy T Barnes
- Department of Kinesiology, Nutrition, and Recreation, Southeast Missouri State University, Cape Girardeau, MO, USA
| | - Jason D Wagganer
- Department of Kinesiology, Nutrition, and Recreation, Southeast Missouri State University, Cape Girardeau, MO, USA
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13
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Tekalegn Y. Determinants of Overweight or Obesity among Men Aged 20-59 Years: A Case-Control Study Based on the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey. J Obes 2021; 2021:6627328. [PMID: 33981456 PMCID: PMC8088365 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6627328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence shows that overweight or obesity has become a major public health problem in both developed and developing countries. However, there are limited studies conducted to identify the risk factors of overweight or obesity in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the determinants of overweight or obesity among men aged 20-59 years in Ethiopia. METHODS This study used the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) data. A case-control study was conducted based on the EDHS data; cases were men who were overweight or obese, depending on their body mass index, and controls were men with normal body mass index. Bivariate and multivariate binary logistic regression was performed to assess the determinants of overweight or obesity among the study participants. RESULTS A total of 610 cases and 2440 controls were included in this study. Men aged 30-39 years (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 2.2, 95% CI: 1.6-3.0) and ≥40 years (AOR = 3.4, 95% CI: 2.5-4.7) had higher odds of being overweight or obese compared to men aged 20-29 years old. The likelihood of overweight or obesity was significantly higher among married men (AOR = 1.5, 95% CI: 1.1-2.0), living in urban areas (AOR = 3.1, 95% CI: 2.1-4.4), those in the rich wealth quintile (AOR = 1.9, 95% CI: 1.2-2.9), and those with primary (AOR = 1.6, 95% CI: 1.1-2.3), secondary (AOR = 2.6, 95% CI: 1.7-3.9), and higher education (AOR = 3.6, 95% CI: 2.4-5.6). Additionally, men watching television at least once a week had higher odds (AOR = 1.5, 95% CI: 1.1-2.1) of being overweight or obese. CONCLUSION Men in the higher wealth quintile, older age, married, higher educational status, watching television at least once a week, urban dwellers, residents of big cities such as Addis Ababa and Harari, and residents of low land like Afar were more likely to be overweight or obese. Therefore, it is essential to design strategies and programs to reduce or prevent overweight or obesity with a special focus on the identified risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohannes Tekalegn
- Madda Walabu University, Goba Referral Hospital, School of Health Science, Department of Public Health, Goba, Ethiopia
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14
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Interrater reliability of novice examiners using A-mode ultrasound and skinfolds to measure subcutaneous body fat. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0244019. [PMID: 33315956 PMCID: PMC7735566 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Examiners with minimal training and skill are often called upon to make body composition assessments using field methods. This study compared the interrater reliability of novice examiners for the skinfold (SKF) and A-mode ultrasound (US) methods of body composition assessment. Undergraduate Kinesiology majors (48 males, 32 females) with minimal training took both SKF and US measurements at three sites (males: chest, abdomen, thigh; females: triceps, suprailiac, thigh). Interrater reliability was significantly better for US compared to SKF at the thigh (ICCUS = 0.975, ICCSKF = 0.912) and abdomen (ICCUS = 0.984, ICCSKF = 0.693) for men and suprailiac (ICCUS = 0.978, ICCSKF = 0.883) for women. Additionally, interrater reliability of the US method was superior to the SKF method for the estimate of male body fat percentage (ICCUS = 0.990, ICCSKF = 0.862). The 95% CI was generally narrower for the US method than the SKF method at each site. The interrater reliability of the US method was superior to or equal to the SKF method for measuring subcutaneous body fat when novice examiners took the measurements.
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15
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Changes in body composition and substrate utilization after a short-term ketogenic diet in endurance-trained males. Biol Sport 2020; 38:145-152. [PMID: 33795923 PMCID: PMC7996378 DOI: 10.5114/biolsport.2020.98448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Few studies have investigated the short-term effects of a very low carbohydrate ketogenic diet (KD) on body composition and substrate utilization in trained individuals. This study investigated effects on substrate utilization during incremental exercise, and changes in body composition, in response to seven days ad libitum consumption of a KD by athletes from endurance sports. Nine young trained males (age, 21.8 ± 1.9 y; height, 1.83 ± 0.11 m; body mass, 78.4 ± 13.8 kg; body fat, 14.9 ± 3.9%; VO2peak, 54.3 ± 5.9 mL kg-1 min-1) were assessed before (day 0; PRE) and after (day 7; POST) seven days of consuming an ad libitum KD. Following an overnight fast, body composition was measured by dual x-ray absorptiometry, and substrate utilization was measured during an incremental (3 min stages, 35 W increments) exercise test on a cycle ergometer. After KD, Wmax (PRE, 295 ± 30 W; POST, 292 ± 38 W) and VO2peak (PRE, 4.18 ± 0.33 L min-1; POST, 4.10 ± 0.43 L min-1) were unchanged, whereas body mass [-2.4 (-3.2, -1.6) kg; P < 0.001, d = 0.21], fat mass [-0.78 (-1.10, -0.46) kg; P < 0.001, d = 0.22] and fat-free mass (FFM) [-1.82 (-3.12, -0.51) kg; P = 0.013, d = 0.22] all decreased. The respiratory exchange ratio was lower, and rates of fat oxidation were higher, at POST across a range of exercise intensities. Maximal fat oxidation rate was ~1.8-fold higher after KD (PRE, 0.54 ± 0.13 g min-1; POST, 0.95 ± 0.24 g min-1; P < 0.001, d = 2.2). Short-term KD results in loss of both fat mass and FFM, increased rates of fat oxidation and a concomitant reduction in CHO utilization even at moderate-to-high intensities of exercise.
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16
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Anthropometric Parameters in Celiac Disease: A Review on the Different Evaluation Methods and Disease Effects. J Nutr Metab 2019; 2019:4586963. [PMID: 31583132 PMCID: PMC6754920 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4586963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This review compiled anthropometric data from 29 original articles, published between 1995 and 2015, corresponding to a total sample of 6368 celiac disease subjects. Body mass index was the main parameter for measuring anthropometry (82.1%), followed by body mass (78.6%), body fat (51.7%), bone mineral density and bone mineral content (46.4%), and fat-free mass (44.8%). The main evaluation method was dual x-ray absorptiometry (83.3%), followed by bioimpedance (16.6%), skinfold thickness (16.6%), and isotope dilution (5.5%). This compilation suggests that celiac disease patients without a gluten-free diet (WGFD) and celiac disease patients with a gluten-free diet (GFD) show a lower body mass than the control group, with inconclusive data about WGFD versus GFD. Body mass index is lower in WGFD and GFD compared to control group, and is lower in WGFD compared to GFD. We observed lower values of FM and FFM in WGFD and GFD versus the control group. No difference was found between WGFD versus GFD. BMD and BMC are lower in WGFD versus GFD and GFD versus the control group, with inconclusive data about WGFD versus GFD. The findings of this review suggest that celiac disease patients must be periodically evaluated through anthropometric parameters, since the pathology has the potential to modulate such values even in a gluten-free diet, with these variables reflecting their healthy status. In parallel, the screening of different anthropometric assessment methodologies can provide support for more accurate evaluations by scientists and clinical professionals who work with celiac disease patients.
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Wagner DR, Castañeda F, Bohman B, Sterr W. Comparison of a 2DiPad application and 3D body scanner to air displacement plethysmography for measurement of body fat percentage. J Hum Nutr Diet 2019; 32:781-788. [DOI: 10.1111/jhn.12687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. R. Wagner
- Kinesiology & Health Science Department Utah State University Logan UT USA
| | - F. Castañeda
- Kinesiology & Health Science Department Utah State University Logan UT USA
| | - B. Bohman
- Kinesiology & Health Science Department Utah State University Logan UT USA
| | - W. Sterr
- Kinesiology & Health Science Department Utah State University Logan UT USA
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18
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Affiliation(s)
- D Enette Larson-Meyer
- Department of Family and Consumer Sciences (Human Nutrition), University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY
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19
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Işın A, Melekoğlu T. Akut kuvvet antrenmanının biyoelektrik empedans ölçümleri üzerine etkileri. CUKUROVA MEDICAL JOURNAL 2019. [DOI: 10.17826/cumj.422915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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20
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Burns RD, Fu Y, Constantino N. Measurement agreement in percent body fat estimates among laboratory and field assessments in college students: Use of equivalence testing. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0214029. [PMID: 30893355 PMCID: PMC6426203 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the agreement in percent body fat estimates among 7 laboratory and field assessments against dual-emission x-ray absorptiometry using equivalence testing. Participants were 437 college students (mean age = 19.2±0.6 years). Dual-emission x-ray absorptiometry was used as the criterion with hydrostatic weighing, skinfold thickness, air displacement plethysmography, near infrared reactance, and three methods of bioelectrical impedance analysis examined as surrogate assessments. Relative agreement was examined using intraclass correlation coefficients. Group level agreement was examined using equivalence testing. Individual-level agreement was assessed using Mean Absolute Percent Error and Bland-Altman Plots. Single measure intraclass correlation coefficient scores ranged from 0.71-0.80. Hydrostatic weighing, skinfold thickness, air displacement plethysmography, and 4-electrode bioelectrical impedance analysis showed statistical equivalence with the criterion using a 10% Equivalence Interval with absolute mean differences ranging from 1.0%-4.9% body fat. Mean Absolute Percent Error ranged from 11.7% using skinfold thickness to 21.9% using Omron (hand-held) bioelectrical impedance analysis. Limits of Agreement were heteroscedastic across the range of mean scores compared to dual-emission x-ray absorptiometry, with greater mean differences observed at higher levels of percent body fat. Hydrostatic weighing, skinfold thickness, air displacement plethysmography, and 4-electrode bioelectrical impedance analysis showed strong evidence for statistical equivalence with dual-emission x-ray absorptiometry in a sample of college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan D. Burns
- Department of Health, Kinesiology, and Recreation, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - You Fu
- School of Community Health Sciences, University of Nevada Reno, Reno, Nevada, United States of America
| | - Nora Constantino
- School of Community Health Sciences, University of Nevada Reno, Reno, Nevada, United States of America
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21
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Branco BHM, Bernuci MP, Marques DC, Carvalho IZ, Barrero CAL, de Oliveira FM, Ladeia GF, Júnior NN. Proposal of a normative table for body fat percentages of Brazilian young adults through bioimpedanciometry. J Exerc Rehabil 2018; 14:974-979. [PMID: 30656157 PMCID: PMC6323334 DOI: 10.12965/jer.1836400.200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification of the body fat (BF) percentage allows health professionals to detect healthy or risky patterns in a population. However, no studies have elaborated BF cutoff points using the bioelectrical impedance method in young Brazilian adults. Thus, the objective of the present study was to elaborate normative tables for BF in Brazilian men and women (sedentary and physically active) between 18 and 39 years of age. A total of 3,111 adults (958 men and 2,153 women) were evaluated using bioimpedance measurements with the InBody 520 device. The data were distributed normally and divided into percentiles (P3, P10, P25, P50, P75, P90, and P97). The following values were observed: for men: P3=8.9%–12.5%; P10=12.6%–17.5%; P25=17.6%–25.3%; P50=25.4%–35.1%; P75=35.2%–43.0%; P90=43.1%–49.4% and P97=49.5%; for women: P3=18.7%–23.1%; P10=23.2%–28.7%; P25=28.8%–35.7%; P50=35.8%–42.9%; P75=43.0%–49.1%; P90=49.2%–52.1% and P97≥52.2%. These percentiles can be used to classify the adiposity of sedentary and physically active individuals evaluated by bioimpedanciometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Braulio Henrique Magnani Branco
- Research Group in Physical Education, Physiotherapy, Sports, Nutrition, and Performance (GEFFEND/UNICESUMAR), Maringa, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Health Promotion at the University Center of Maringa (UNICESUMAR), Maringa, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Picinin Bernuci
- Research Group in Physical Education, Physiotherapy, Sports, Nutrition, and Performance (GEFFEND/UNICESUMAR), Maringa, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Health Promotion at the University Center of Maringa (UNICESUMAR), Maringa, Brazil
| | - Déborah Cristina Marques
- Research Group in Physical Education, Physiotherapy, Sports, Nutrition, and Performance (GEFFEND/UNICESUMAR), Maringa, Brazil.,University Center of Maringa (UniCesumar), Maringa, Brazil
| | - Isabelle Zanquetta Carvalho
- Research Group in Physical Education, Physiotherapy, Sports, Nutrition, and Performance (GEFFEND/UNICESUMAR), Maringa, Brazil.,University Center of Maringa (UniCesumar), Maringa, Brazil
| | | | - Fabiano Mendes de Oliveira
- Research Group in Physical Education, Physiotherapy, Sports, Nutrition, and Performance (GEFFEND/UNICESUMAR), Maringa, Brazil.,University Center of Maringa (UniCesumar), Maringa, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Fassina Ladeia
- Research Group in Physical Education, Physiotherapy, Sports, Nutrition, and Performance (GEFFEND/UNICESUMAR), Maringa, Brazil.,University Center of Maringa (UniCesumar), Maringa, Brazil
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Lee DH, Giovannucci EL. Body composition and mortality in the general population: A review of epidemiologic studies. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2018; 243:1275-1285. [PMID: 30537867 DOI: 10.1177/1535370218818161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPACT STATEMENT Current understanding of the association of body composition on mortality in the general population is limited. This review evaluated the available epidemiologic studies on body composition and mortality that leveraged diverse approaches to estimate body composition. Although studies showed inconsistent results, there was evidence suggesting that high fat mass and low lean body mass may be independently associated with mortality in the general population. This review may help partially explain the "obesity paradox" phenomenon and facilitate further studies to advance the understanding of the association of body composition on health in the general and patient populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Hoon Lee
- 1 Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Edward L Giovannucci
- 1 Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,2 Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,3 Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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23
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Sandercock V, Andrade J. Evaluation of Worksite Wellness Nutrition and Physical Activity Programs and Their Subsequent Impact on Participants' Body Composition. J Obes 2018; 2018:1035871. [PMID: 30631593 PMCID: PMC6304910 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1035871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Adult obesity is globally recognized as a public health concern. As adults spend most of their weekdays at work, worksite wellness programs may include topics of nutrition education and physical activity to improve an employee's body composition. However, results are inconsistent with the impact they have on employees' body composition. Objective The purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate worksite wellness nutrition and physical activity programs and their subsequent impact on participants' body composition. Methods Extraction of articles was completed through 4 databases: PubMed, CINAHL, SCOPUS, and PsycINFO using keywords such as "nutrition and physical activity interventions/programs" and "weight." A 9-point inclusion criterion was established. Evaluation of the articles was assessed using the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Evidence-Based Manual. Results A total of 962 articles were identified. Twenty-three met the inclusion criterion. Seventeen studies resulted in a change in body composition (e.g., decreased BMI (kg/m2), waist circumference, and body fat percentage), and six studies did not show any changes. Programs that had professionals frequently interact with participants, regardless if the interactions were done daily, weekly, or monthly, led to a change in body composition. Additionally, programs that incorporated a motivation theory and provided content relevant to participants' needs resulted in a change in body composition. Conclusion Evidence supports that future worksite wellness programs that are designed using a motivational theory and content that is created relevant to participants' needs and that has frequent interactions with participants may result in a change in body composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Sandercock
- School of Family and Consumer Sciences, Eastern Illinois University, Charleston 61920, USA
| | - Jeanette Andrade
- Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
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Pérez-Chirinos Buxadé C, Solà-Perez T, Castizo-Olier J, Carrasco-Marginet M, Roy A, Marfell-Jones M, Irurtia A. Assessing subcutaneous adipose tissue by simple and portable field instruments: Skinfolds versus A-mode ultrasound measurements. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0205226. [PMID: 30496211 PMCID: PMC6264474 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0205226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study compared subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) measurements using a skinfold caliper and Renco Lean-Meater Series 12 A-mode portable ultrasound scanner (A-US). It aimed to assess their inter- and intra-rater reliability and measure the agreement between both methods. Methods Eighty-four volunteers of different fitness levels were divided into three groups by Ʃ6 skinfolds: G1 ≤ 55 mm (n = 33 males); G2 > 55 mm (n = 32 males); G3 = 98.0 ± 52.3 mm (n = 19 females). Triceps, subscapular, biceps, iliac crest, supraspinal, abdominal, front thigh and medial calf were assessed by ultrasound and skinfolds. Two technicians for both tools performed triplicate measures. Intraclass correlation (ICC), technical error of measurement (TEM) and coefficients of variation (CVs) were applied for test-retest and inter-rater reliability. Non-Parametric statistics were used in order to establish possible statistical differences and correlation between skinfolds thickness and uncompressed subcutaneous adipose tissue thickness from ultrasound. The amount of agreement between both methods was assessed with Lin’s coefficient and a scatterplot of all site locations. A Bland-Altman plot was constructed to establish limits of agreement between groups and regression analysis was employed to assess the ability of skinfolds to explain the variance of ultrasound. Results Test-retest ICC for skinfolds and ultrasound were higher than 0.989 and 0.793, respectively. Inter-rater ICC for skinfolds was 0.999 with a 95% CI of 0.995 to 0.999 and for ultrasound was 0.755 with a much larger 95% CI of 0.622 to 0.841. TEMs (> 8.50%) and CVs (> 6.72%) compromised ultrasound reliability. Statistical differences were found in most of the analysed anatomical sites (p < 0.001) except in biceps G2 (Z = -1.150, p = 0.25) and G3 (Z = -1.309, p = 0.19). Good correlations (r > 0.7, p ≤ 0.05) were reported at almost all anatomical sites and groups except for biceps (G1: Rho = 0.26, p = 0.140) and abdominal (G2: Rho = -0.16, p = 0.38; G3: Rho = 0.43, p = 0.068). Lin’s concordance correlation coefficient registered low values of agreement between skinfolds and A-mode ultrasound (ranged from—0.009–0.646). The scatterplot and the estimated regression line drawn through the midst of all anatomical sites of the whole sample had a slope of 0.51 and R2 adjusted = 0.62 was obtained. The combined analysis between the Bland-Altman plot and the linear regression showed that specifically in the G2 and G3 groups, as the SAT increases the differences between skinfolds and ultrasounds measurements also increases. Conclusions The Renco Lean-Meater ultrasound is not interchangeable with skinfold measures. Its utility is questionable, particularly for assessing SAT in active adult populations. Its poor test-retest and inter-rater reliability as well as the lack of agreement when compared to the skinfolds would exclude the free use of the A-mode ultrasound scanner in its hypothetical replacing of the classical calipers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Pérez-Chirinos Buxadé
- INEFC-Barcelona Sports Sciences Research Group, Institut Nacional d’Educació Física de Catalunya (INEFC), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Toni Solà-Perez
- Department of Experimental Sciences and Technology, University of Vic, Vic, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Jorge Castizo-Olier
- INEFC-Barcelona Sports Sciences Research Group, Institut Nacional d’Educació Física de Catalunya (INEFC), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Carrasco-Marginet
- INEFC-Barcelona Sports Sciences Research Group, Institut Nacional d’Educació Física de Catalunya (INEFC), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alex Roy
- INEFC-Barcelona Sports Sciences Research Group, Institut Nacional d’Educació Física de Catalunya (INEFC), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Alfredo Irurtia
- INEFC-Barcelona Sports Sciences Research Group, Institut Nacional d’Educació Física de Catalunya (INEFC), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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25
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Dodd KD, Newans TJ. Talent identification for soccer: Physiological aspects. J Sci Med Sport 2018; 21:1073-1078. [PMID: 29789264 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2018.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Soccer coaches are always looking to discover the next star player, without investing the necessary resources, time, and effort into a player's development. In the modern era, talent identification in soccer seems to be a comparative process rather than a developmental process. This article will look at the physiological profiles of soccer players in the modern era and how testing and talent identification processes should coincide with this data. DESIGN An extensive literature search identifying the physiological attributes of soccer players that are required to compete at an elite level was conducted. An examination of the methods to test these attributes was also conducted. METHODS Studies were assigned into three areas to understand the physiological aspect of soccer: physiological testing methods, benchmark values, and correlations between different tests. RESULTS A testing battery was established to test the key physiological attributes of prospective youth soccer players. Benchmark levels were also identified to allow coaches to understand areas of improvement. CONCLUSIONS Using a physiological testing battery will allow teams to track their players' progress throughout their developmental years. This allows coaches to consistently identify a player's strengths and weaknesses, as well as allow players who may experience late maturation to still be identified.
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26
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Welch D, Ndanyo LS, Brown S, Agyapong-Badu S, Warner M, Stokes M, Samuel D. Thigh muscle and subcutaneous tissue thickness measured using ultrasound imaging in older females living in extended care: a preliminary study. Aging Clin Exp Res 2018; 30:463-469. [PMID: 28741145 PMCID: PMC5911272 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-017-0800-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thigh tissue thickness has not been examined in older females living in extended care in UK as an indicator of musculoskeletal health. This study examined the feasibility of using ultrasound imaging to measure the thickness of superficial (fat) and deep layers (muscle) of the thigh in older females living in extended care. METHODS In ten older females in extended care (aged 80-98 years, mean 88 ± 6.8; body mass: 56.5 ± 12.6 kg) images of the anterior thigh (dominant) were taken in supine using B-mode ultrasound imaging. Superficial and deep layers were measured and percentage thickness was calculated. Independent t tests compared data from those in extended care to ten sedentary females living independently (aged 80-90 years, mean 84 ± 3.6; body mass: 61.6 ± 10.0 kg). RESULTS Thickness of the superficial layers was not significantly different between the two groups (CI -0.017 to 0.815, p = 0.059). However, those living in extended care had greater (p < 0.001) muscle thickness (mean 2.75 ± 0.48 cm) than those living independently (mean 1.83 ± 0.3 cm), which was similarly significant when normalised for body mass (extended care 0.51 ± 0.16; independent living 0.30 ± 0.06). CONCLUSIONS These novel findings showed it is feasible to use ultrasound to measure muscles in older females in extended care and that muscle thickness was larger than in those living independently. The reason for the difference seen between groups would need to be confirmed by a larger study that also examined factors related to risk of sarcopenia and frailty, such as nutrition and physical activity levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniella Welch
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Building 45, Highfield Campus, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Laetitia Sungu Ndanyo
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Building 45, Highfield Campus, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Simon Brown
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Building 45, Highfield Campus, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Sandra Agyapong-Badu
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Building 45, Highfield Campus, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Martin Warner
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Building 45, Highfield Campus, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
- Arthritis Research UK Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis, Nottingham, UK
| | - Maria Stokes
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Building 45, Highfield Campus, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
- Arthritis Research UK Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis, Nottingham, UK
| | - Dinesh Samuel
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Building 45, Highfield Campus, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK.
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Abstract
Nutrition assessment is a necessary first step in advising athletes on dietary strategies that include dietary supplementation, and in evaluating the effectiveness of supplementation regimens. Although dietary assessment is the cornerstone component of the nutrition assessment process, it should be performed within the context of a complete assessment that includes collection/evaluation of anthropometric, biochemical, clinical, and environmental data. Collection of dietary intake data can be challenging, with the potential for significant error of validity and reliability, which include inherent errors of the collection methodology, coding of data by dietitians, estimation of nutrient composition using nutrient food tables and/or dietary software programs, and expression of data relative to reference standards including eating guidance systems, macronutrient guidelines for athletes, and recommended dietary allowances. Limitations in methodologies used to complete anthropometric assessment and biochemical analysis also exist, as reference norms for the athlete are not well established and practical and reliable biomarkers are not available for all nutrients. A clinical assessment collected from history information and the nutrition-focused physical exam may help identify overt nutrient deficiencies but may be unremarkable in the well-trained athlete. Assessment of potential food-drug interactions and environmental components further helps make appropriate dietary and supplement recommendations. Overall, the assessment process can help the athlete understand that supplement intake cannot make up for poor food choices and an inadequate diet, while a healthy diet helps ensure maximal benefit from supplementation. Establishment of reference norms specifically for well-trained athletes for the nutrition assessment process is a future research priority.
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28
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Köhler A, King R, Bahls M, Groß S, Steveling A, Gärtner S, Schipf S, Gläser S, Völzke H, Felix SB, Markus MRP, Dörr M. Cardiopulmonary fitness is strongly associated with body cell mass and fat-free mass: The Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP). Scand J Med Sci Sports 2018; 28:1628-1635. [PMID: 29345858 DOI: 10.1111/sms.13057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) is commonly indexed by total body weight (TBW) to determine cardiopulmonary fitness (CPF). This approach may lead to misinterpretation, particularly in obese subjects. We investigated the normalization of VO2peak by different body composition markers. We analyzed combined data of 3848 subjects (1914 women; 49.7%), aged 20-90, from two independent cohorts of the population-based Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP-2 and SHIP-TREND). VO2peak was assessed by cardiopulmonary exercise testing. Body cell mass (BCM), fat-free mass (FFM), and fat mass (FM) were determined by bioelectrical impedance analysis. The suitability of the different markers as a normalization variable was evaluated by taking into account correlation coefficients (r) and intercept (α-coefficient) values from linear regression models. A combination of high r and low α values was considered as preferable for normalization purposes. BCM was the best normalization variable for VO2peak (r = .72; P ≤ .001; α-coefficient = 63.3 mL/min; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.48-123) followed by FFM (r = .63; P ≤ .001; α-coefficient = 19.6 mL/min; 95% CI: -57.9-97.0). On the other hand, a much weaker correlation and a markedly higher intercept were found for TBW (r = .42; P ≤ .001; α-coefficient = 579 mL/min; 95% CI: 483 to 675). Likewise, FM was also identified as a poor normalization variable (r = .10; P ≤ .001; α-coefficient = 2133; 95% CI: 2074-2191). Sex-stratified analyses confirmed the above order for the different normalization variables. Our results suggest that BCM, followed by FFM, might be the most appropriate marker for the normalization of VO2peak when comparing CPF between subjects with different body shape.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Köhler
- University Sports, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Greifswald, Germany
| | - R King
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Greifswald, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - M Bahls
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Greifswald, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - S Groß
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Greifswald, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - A Steveling
- Department of Internal Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - S Gärtner
- Department of Internal Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - S Schipf
- Department of Study of Health in Pomerania/Clinical-Epidemiological Research, Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,DZD (German Center for Diabetes Research), Greifswald, Germany
| | - S Gläser
- Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine and Pulmonary Diseases, Vivantes Klinikum Spandau, Berlin, Germany
| | - H Völzke
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Greifswald, Germany.,Department of Study of Health in Pomerania/Clinical-Epidemiological Research, Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - S B Felix
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Greifswald, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - M R P Markus
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Greifswald, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,Department of Study of Health in Pomerania/Clinical-Epidemiological Research, Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,DZD (German Center for Diabetes Research), Greifswald, Germany
| | - M Dörr
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Greifswald, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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29
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Woldemariam MM, Evans KD, Butwin AN, Pargeon RL, Volz KR, Spees C. Measuring Abdominal Visceral Fat Thickness With Sonography: A Methodologic Approach. JOURNAL OF DIAGNOSTIC MEDICAL SONOGRAPHY 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/8756479317747210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This methodological approach to assessing obesity is based on the prepilot work conducted on a small sample of men and women (25-58 years of age) in a laboratory setting. The use of skinfold calipers, body mass index, and sonographic imaging of adipose and visceral fat were obtained. In this pre-experimental work, the rigorous use of sonographic measures of visceral fat demonstrated better trend results than the other measurement tools. The sonographic methods employed were modeled after the work published by Hamagawa et al. All measurements were taken five times, and only the middle three were retained for mean data points. The data are compared and contrasted with a paucity of international studies using sonography to measure visceral adiposity. It is important to determine whether sonography could serve as a non-ionizing imaging technique for the assessment of body composition and a screening technique for cardiovascular disease prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mulubrhan M. Woldemariam
- The College of Medicine, School of Health & Rehabilitation Sciences, Laboratory for Investigatory Imaging, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Kevin D. Evans
- The College of Medicine, School of Health & Rehabilitation Sciences, Laboratory for Investigatory Imaging, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Angela N. Butwin
- The College of Medicine, School of Health & Rehabilitation Sciences, Laboratory for Investigatory Imaging, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Rachel L. Pargeon
- The College of Medicine, School of Health & Rehabilitation Sciences, Laboratory for Investigatory Imaging, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Kevin R. Volz
- The College of Medicine, School of Health & Rehabilitation Sciences, Laboratory for Investigatory Imaging, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Colleen Spees
- The College of Medicine, School of Health & Rehabilitation Sciences, Laboratory for Investigatory Imaging, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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30
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Agapito G, Simeoni M, Calabrese B, Caré I, Lamprinoudi T, Guzzi PH, Pujia A, Fuiano G, Cannataro M. DIETOS: A dietary recommender system for chronic diseases monitoring and management. COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 2018; 153:93-104. [PMID: 29157465 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2017.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Use of mobile and web-based applications for diet and weight management is currently increasing. However, the impact of known apps on clinical outcomes is not well-characterized so far. Moreover, availability of food recommender systems providing high quality nutritional advices to both healthy and diet-related chronic diseases users is very limited. In addition, the potentiality of nutraceutical properties of typical regional foods for improving app utility has not been exerted to this end. We present DIETOS, a recommender system for the adaptive delivery of nutrition contents to improve the quality of life of both healthy subjects and patients with diet-related chronic diseases. DIETOS provides highly specialized nutritional advices in different health conditions. METHODS DIETOS was projected to provide users with health profile and individual nutritional recommendation. Health profiling was based on user answers to dynamic real-time medical questionnaires. Furthermore, DIETOS contains catalogs of typical foods from Calabria, a southern Italian region. Several Calabrian foods have been inserted because of their nutraceutical properties widely reported in several quality studies. DIETOS includes some well known methods for user profiling (overlay profiling) and content adaptation (content selection) coming from general purpose adaptive web systems. RESULTS DIETOS has been validated for usability for both patients and specialists and for assessing the correctness of the profiling and recommendation, by enrolling 20 chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients at the Department of Nephrology and Dialysis, University Hospital, Catanzaro (Italy) and 20 age-matched healthy controls. Recruited subjects were invited to register to DIETOS and answer to medical questions to determine their health status. Based on our results, DIETOS has high specificity and sensitivity, allowing to determine a medical-controlled user's health profile and to perform a fine-grained recommendation that is better adapted to each user health status. The current version of DIETOS, available online at http://www.easyanalysis.it/dietos is not intended to be used by general users, but only for review purpose. CONCLUSIONS DIETOS is a novel food recommender system for healthy people and individuals affected by diet-related chronic diseases. The proposed system builds a users health profile and, accordingly, provides individualized nutritional recommendations, also with attention to food geographical origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Agapito
- Dep. of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, Italy.
| | | | - Barbara Calabrese
- Dep. of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Ilaria Caré
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, Italy.
| | | | - Pietro H Guzzi
- Dep. of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Arturo Pujia
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Giorgio Fuiano
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Mario Cannataro
- Dep. of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, Italy.
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31
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Guo X, Gao L, Shi X, Li H, Wang Q, Wang Z, Chen W, Xing B. Pre- and Postoperative Body Composition and Metabolic Characteristics in Patients with Acromegaly: A Prospective Study. Int J Endocrinol 2018; 2018:4125013. [PMID: 29531529 PMCID: PMC5817290 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4125013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the preoperative body composition, metabolic characteristics, and postoperative changes in patients with active acromegaly and analyze the effects of gender and age. METHODS We included 36 patients with untreated acromegaly and 37 patients with nonfunctional pituitary adenomas. Adipose tissue (AT), the visceral fat index (VFI), sclerotin, protein, skeletal muscle, total body water (TBW), intracellular water (ICW), and extracellular water (ECW) were measured using bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). Total energy expenditure (TEE) and basal metabolism (BM) were measured with a cardiopulmonary and metabolic analyzer (CMA). Tricep skinfold thickness (TST), bicep circumference, waistline, hipline, and calf circumference were measured with a skinfold caliper and tape. These indices were measured before surgery and 3 months and 1 year after surgery. RESULTS Overall, AT, VFI, and TST were lower, whereas sclerotin, protein, skeletal muscle, TBW, ICW, ECW, TEE, and BM were higher in acromegaly patients. Postoperatively, TST rose initially and then decreased, the waistline increased, and sclerotin, skeletal muscle, TEE, and BM decreased. Changes in these indices differed with gender and age in unique patterns. CONCLUSIONS Body composition and metabolism in acromegaly patients changed after surgery, and gender and age influenced these changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100730, China
- China Pituitary Disease Registry Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Lu Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100730, China
- China Pituitary Disease Registry Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Xiaodong Shi
- Department of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Hailong Li
- Department of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100730, China
- China Pituitary Disease Registry Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Zihao Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100730, China
- China Pituitary Disease Registry Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Bing Xing
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100730, China
- China Pituitary Disease Registry Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100730, China
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Kumar KVSH, Sharma R, Manrai M, Sood AK. Visceral Adipose Tissue as a Risk Factor for Diabetes Mellitus in Patients with Chronic Pancreatitis: A Cross-sectional, Observational Study. Diabetes Ther 2017; 8:1057-1064. [PMID: 28895079 PMCID: PMC5630559 DOI: 10.1007/s13300-017-0304-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is a risk factor for diabetes and we investigated the amount of VAT in patients with chronic pancreatitis (CP). METHODS Serial patients with CP seen between January 2015 and June 2016 were included in this cross-sectional, observational study. The study population was divided into alcoholic CP (group 1; N = 67) and tropical CP (group 2; N = 35). VAT was estimated using bioelectric impedance analysis (BIA) and dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) methods. The results were analyzed by appropriate statistical methods. RESULTS The study participants (85 male, 17 female) had a mean (SD) age of 40.8 (12.6) years, CP duration of 3.7 (4.7) years, and body mass index of 22.5 (3.2) kg/m2. Pancreatogenic diabetes was seen in 54 patients and the total body fat percentage was lower in the alcoholic CP group. VAT mass was similar in both the groups (p = 0.8749). CP patients with diabetes had a higher VAT mass (436 vs. 341 g) than those without diabetes (p = 0.0132). DEXA and BIA correlated in estimation of total body fat (p < 0.0001) but not in VAT (p = 0.0922). CONCLUSION VAT is a determinant in the development of diabetes, even in patients with CP. DEXA is a better modality for VAT estimation in comparison to BIA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rahul Sharma
- Department of Gastroenterology, Army Hospital (R&R), Delhi, India
| | - Manish Manrai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Army Hospital (R&R), Delhi, India
| | - A K Sood
- Department of Gastroenterology, Army Hospital (R&R), Delhi, India
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33
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Aragon AA, Schoenfeld BJ, Wildman R, Kleiner S, VanDusseldorp T, Taylor L, Earnest CP, Arciero PJ, Wilborn C, Kalman DS, Stout JR, Willoughby DS, Campbell B, Arent SM, Bannock L, Smith-Ryan AE, Antonio J. International society of sports nutrition position stand: diets and body composition. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2017. [PMID: 28630601 PMCID: PMC5470183 DOI: 10.1186/s12970-017-0174-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Position Statement: The International Society of Sports Nutrition (ISSN) bases the following position stand on a critical analysis of the literature regarding the effects of diet types (macronutrient composition; eating styles) and their influence on body composition. The ISSN has concluded the following. 1) There is a multitude of diet types and eating styles, whereby numerous subtypes fall under each major dietary archetype. 2) All body composition assessment methods have strengths and limitations. 3) Diets primarily focused on fat loss are driven by a sustained caloric deficit. The higher the baseline body fat level, the more aggressively the caloric deficit may be imposed. Slower rates of weight loss can better preserve lean mass (LM) in leaner subjects. 4) Diets focused primarily on accruing LM are driven by a sustained caloric surplus to facilitate anabolic processes and support increasing resistance-training demands. The composition and magnitude of the surplus, as well as training status of the subjects can influence the nature of the gains. 5) A wide range of dietary approaches (low-fat to low-carbohydrate/ketogenic, and all points between) can be similarly effective for improving body composition. 6) Increasing dietary protein to levels significantly beyond current recommendations for athletic populations may result in improved body composition. Higher protein intakes (2.3–3.1 g/kg FFM) may be required to maximize muscle retention in lean, resistance-trained subjects under hypocaloric conditions. Emerging research on very high protein intakes (>3 g/kg) has demonstrated that the known thermic, satiating, and LM-preserving effects of dietary protein might be amplified in resistance-training subjects. 7) The collective body of intermittent caloric restriction research demonstrates no significant advantage over daily caloric restriction for improving body composition. 8) The long-term success of a diet depends upon compliance and suppression or circumvention of mitigating factors such as adaptive thermogenesis. 9) There is a paucity of research on women and older populations, as well as a wide range of untapped permutations of feeding frequency and macronutrient distribution at various energetic balances combined with training. Behavioral and lifestyle modification strategies are still poorly researched areas of weight management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan A Aragon
- Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, California State University, Northridge, CA USA
| | | | | | | | - Trisha VanDusseldorp
- Department of Exercise Science and Sport Management, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA USA
| | - Lem Taylor
- Department of Exercise and Sports Science, University of Mary Hardin-Baylor, Belton, TX USA
| | - Conrad P Earnest
- Exercise and Sports Nutrition Laboratory, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX USA
| | - Paul J Arciero
- Health and Exercise Science, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY USA
| | - Colin Wilborn
- Department of Exercise and Sports Science, University of Mary Hardin-Baylor, Belton, TX USA
| | | | - Jeffrey R Stout
- Institute of Exercise Physiology and Wellness, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL USA
| | - Darryn S Willoughby
- Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, Baylor University, Waco, TX USA
| | - Bill Campbell
- Performance & Physique Enhancement Laboratory, Exercise Science Program, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL USA
| | - Shawn M Arent
- Department of Kinesiology & Health, IFNH Center for Health & Human Performance, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ USA
| | | | - Abbie E Smith-Ryan
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Jose Antonio
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Nova Southeastern University, Davie, FL USA
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Bakir MA, Hammad K, Mohammad L. Prevalence of obesity, central obesity, and associated socio-demographic variables in Syrian women using different anthropometric indicators. ANTHROPOLOGICAL REVIEW 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/anre-2017-0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The prevalence of overweight and obesity is increasing globally in both developing and developed countries, especially, those with rapid cultural and social changes. The aims of current study were twofold: (a) to examine, for the first time in Syria, the prevalence of overweight, obesity and central obesity in Syrian women and obesity-related socio-demographic determinants, and (b) to establish a base line data about obesity related determinants needed to develop appropriate treatment and prevention strategies. Cross-sectional study with a randomly representative sample of 923 women aged 18-60 years was conducted. Waist (WC) and hip circumference (HC) were measured, and body mass index (BMI) waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) were calculated. Socio-demographic data were collected with a designed questionnaire. The overall prevalence of overweight and obesity in Syrian women as defined by BMI were 31% and 43%, respectively. The overall central obesity as defined by WC and WHR were 53% and 33%, respectively. The prevalence of obesity and central obesity were increased with age. WC and HC were strongly correlated with BMI. The mean BMIs and other anthropometric measurements were significantly higher in married, house wife, less educated, high parity, and low physical activity women. The results of this study indicate an increased rates of overweight, overall, and central obesity in Syrian women. Also, central obesity as defined by WC is higher than BMI derived obesity. In conclusion, WC is more appropriate to be used for obesity assessment, where, BMI underestimates the obesity prevalence among middle-age women. Development of appropriate treatment and prevention strategies are urgently needed to combat with increasing rate of obesity among Syrian women.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Adel Bakir
- Radiation Medicine Department, Atomic Energy Commission of Syria (AECS), P.O. Box 6091, Damascus , Syria
| | - Kholoud Hammad
- Radiation Medicine Department, Atomic Energy Commission of Syria (AECS), Damascus , Syria
| | - Loreen Mohammad
- Radiation Medicine Department, Atomic Energy Commission of Syria (AECS), Damascus , Syria
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Chen W, Jiang H, Yang JX, Yang H, Liu JM, Zhen XY, Feng LJ, Yu JC. Body Composition Analysis by Using Bioelectrical Impedance in a Young Healthy Chinese Population: Methodological Considerations. Food Nutr Bull 2017; 38:172-181. [PMID: 28513264 DOI: 10.1177/0379572117697534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop a new bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) model for analyzing body composition by using isotope dilution, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) as the reference methods in young healthy Chinese populations. METHODS Thirty healthy participants were enrolled. Their body composition was analyzed using BIA and 3 reference methods. We established a model that uniformed data from 3 references methods (isotope, MRI, and DEXA) into 1 formula. This model was further validated with 209 participants. RESULTS The following BIA body composition adjustment model was developed: [Formula: see text], where X represents the impedance index; when K = 1, 2, and 3, Y represents total body water, fat mass, and bone mass, respectively. The prediction accuracy of this formula was 93.3%. By incorporating the data matrix, the protein mass was calculated using BIA: [Formula: see text]. In the verification part of this study, the lean body mass measured using DEXA and BIA was 43.02 ± 8.34 kg and 45.85 ± 8.81 kg, respectively. Analysis indicated that the model fit was extremely favorable ( R2 = .9997, P < .001). CONCLUSIONS The accuracy of BIA measurement on body composition and protein mass is significantly improved by our work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- 1 Department of Enteral and Parenteral Nutrition, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Medical School of Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Jiang
- 1 Department of Enteral and Parenteral Nutrition, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Medical School of Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,2 Department of Computational Mathematics and Biostatistics, Metabolomics and Multidisciplinary Laboratory for Trauma Research, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital and Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiong-Xian Yang
- 1 Department of Enteral and Parenteral Nutrition, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Medical School of Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Yang
- 2 Department of Computational Mathematics and Biostatistics, Metabolomics and Multidisciplinary Laboratory for Trauma Research, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital and Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing-Min Liu
- 3 Department of Sports, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiu-Yuan Zhen
- 3 Department of Sports, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Lian-Jun Feng
- 4 Stable Isotope Laboratory of Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Chun Yu
- 5 Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Medical School of Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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Wall R, Lips O, Seibt R, Rieger MA, Steinhilber B. Intra- and inter-rater reliability of lower leg waterplethysmography, bioelectrical impedance and muscle twitch force for the use in standing work evaluation. Physiol Meas 2017; 38:701-714. [DOI: 10.1088/1361-6579/aa6711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Smith-Ryan AE, Blue MNM, Trexler ET, Hirsch KR. Utility of ultrasound for body fat assessment: validity and reliability compared to a multicompartment criterion. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging 2016; 38:220-226. [PMID: 27981810 DOI: 10.1111/cpf.12402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Measurement of body composition to assess health risk and prevention is expanding. Accurate portable techniques are needed to facilitate use in clinical settings. This study evaluated the accuracy and repeatability of a portable ultrasound (US) in comparison with a four-compartment criterion for per cent body fat (%Fat) in overweight/obese adults. Fifty-one participants (mean ± SD; age: 37·2 ± 11·3 years; BMI: 31·6 ± 5·2 kg m-2 ) were measured for %Fat using US (GE Logiq-e) and skinfolds. A subset of 36 participants completed a second day of the same measurements, to determine reliability. US and skinfold %Fat were calculated using the seven-site Jackson-Pollock equation. The Wang 4C model was used as the criterion method for %Fat. Compared to a gold standard criterion, US %Fat (36·4 ± 11·8%; P = 0·001; standard error of estimate [SEE] = 3·5%) was significantly higher than the criterion (33·0 ± 8·0%), but not different than skinfolds (35·3 ± 5·9%; P = 0·836; SEE = 4·5%). US resulted in good reliability, with no significant differences from Day 1 (39·95 ± 15·37%) to Day 2 (40·01 ± 15·42%). Relative consistency was 0·96, and standard error of measure was 0·94%. Although US overpredicted %Fat compared to the criterion, a moderate SEE for US is suggestive of a practical assessment tool in overweight individuals. %Fat differences reported from these field-based techniques are less than reported by other single-measurement laboratory methods and therefore may have utility in a clinical setting. This technique may also accurately track changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbie E Smith-Ryan
- Applied Physiology Laboratory, Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Human Movement Sciences, Department of Allied Health Science, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Malia N M Blue
- Applied Physiology Laboratory, Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Eric T Trexler
- Applied Physiology Laboratory, Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Human Movement Sciences, Department of Allied Health Science, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Katie R Hirsch
- Applied Physiology Laboratory, Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Human Movement Sciences, Department of Allied Health Science, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Charbonneau-Roberts G, Saudny-Unterberger H, Kuhnlein HV, Egeland GM. Body mass index may overestimate the prevalence of overweight and obesity among the Inuit. Int J Circumpolar Health 2016; 64:163-9. [PMID: 15945286 DOI: 10.3402/ijch.v64i2.17969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Body mass index (BMI) is a widely used body weight classification system but has known limitations, and may need to be adjusted for sitting height in order to be useful as an indicator of health risks in special populations. Data confirm that Inuit and Far East Asians have shorter legs and relatively higher sitting heights compared with all other populations. Using standing height alone to calculate the BMI may overestimate the number of individuals that are overweight and obese, and at risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease among the Inuit. Measuring sitting height allows for the calculation of a sitting height-to-standing height ratio (SH/S) which can be used to correct the observed BMI. Incorporating sitting height measurements into health research could help formulate Inuit-specific screening guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guylaine Charbonneau-Roberts
- School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition and Centre for Indigenous Peoples' Nutrition and Environment (CINE), McGill University, Québec, Canada
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Comparison of different measures of obesity in their association with health-related quality of life in older adults - results from the KORA-Age study. Public Health Nutr 2016; 19:3276-3286. [PMID: 27337156 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980016001270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE As ageing is associated with changes in body composition, BMI may not be the appropriate obesity measure for older adults. To date, little is known about associations between obesity measures and health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Thus, we aimed to compare different obesity measures in their association with HRQoL and self-rated physical constitution (SRPC) in older adults. DESIGN Seven obesity measures (BMI, waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio, waist-to-height ratio, fat mass percentage based on bioelectrical impedance analysis, hypertriglyceridaemic waist (HTGW) and sarcopenic obesity) were assessed at baseline in 2009. HRQoL, using the EQ-5D questionnaire, and SRPC, using one single question, were collected at baseline and at the 3-year follow-up in 2012. Linear and logistic regression analyses were used to examine the associations between the obesity measures and both outcomes. Model comparisons were conducted by area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve, R 2, Akaike and Schwarz Bayesian information criteria. SETTING KORA-Age study in Southern Germany (2009-2012). SUBJECTS Older adults (n 883; aged ≥65 years). RESULTS Nearly all obesity measures were significantly inversely associated with both outcomes in cross-sectional analyses. Concerning HRQoL, the WC model explained most of the variance and had the best model adaption, followed by the BMI model. Regarding SRPC, the HTGW and BMI models were best as rated by model quality criteria, followed closely by the WC model. Longitudinal analyses showed no significant associations. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that, with regard to HRQoL/SRPC, simple anthropometric measures are sufficient to determine obesity in older adults in medical practice.
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Wagner DR, Cain DL, Clark NW. Validity and Reliability of A-Mode Ultrasound for Body Composition Assessment of NCAA Division I Athletes. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153146. [PMID: 27073854 PMCID: PMC4830536 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the validity and reliability of the BodyMetrix™ BX2000 A-mode ultrasound for estimating percent body fat (%BF) in athletes by comparing it to skinfolds and the BOD POD. Forty-five (22 males, 23 females) National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division-I athletes volunteered for this study. Subjects were measured once in the BOD POD then twice by two technicians for skinfolds and ultrasound. A one-way repeated-measures ANOVA revealed significant differences between body composition methods (F = 13.24, p < 0.01, η² = 0.24). This difference was further explained by a sex-specific effect such that the mean difference between ultrasound and BOD POD was large for females (~ 5% BF) but small for males (~ 1.5% BF). Linear regression using the %BF estimate from ultrasound to predict %BF from BOD POD resulted in an R2 = 0.849, SEE = 2.6% BF and a TE = 4.4% BF. The inter-rater intraclass correlation (ICC) for skinfold was 0.966 with a large 95% confidence interval (CI) of 0.328 to 0.991. The inter-rater ICC for ultrasound was 0.987 with a much smaller 95% CI of 0.976 to 0.993. Both skinfolds and ultrasound had test-retest ICCs ≥ 0.996. The BX2000 ultrasound device had excellent test-retest reliability, and its inter-rater reliability was superior to the skinfold method. The validity of this method is questionable, particularly for female athletes. However, due to its excellent reliability, coaches and trainers should consider this portable and easy to use A-mode ultrasound to assess body composition changes in athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dale R. Wagner
- Human Movement Science Program, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Dustin L. Cain
- Human Movement Science Program, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, United States of America
| | - Nicolas W. Clark
- Human Movement Science Program, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, United States of America
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Shakibaee A, Faghihzadeh S, Alishiri GH, Ebrahimpour Z, Faradjzadeh S, Sobhani V, Asgari A. How Accurate Are the Anthropometry Equations in in Iranian Military Men in Predicting Body Composition? Asian J Sports Med 2015; 6:e23206. [PMID: 26715964 PMCID: PMC4691302 DOI: 10.5812/asjsm.23206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Revised: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The body composition varies according to different life styles (i.e. intake calories and caloric expenditure). Therefore, it is wise to record military personnel's body composition periodically and encourage those who abide to the regulations. Different methods have been introduced for body composition assessment: invasive and non-invasive. Amongst them, the Jackson and Pollock equation is most popular. OBJECTIVES The recommended anthropometric prediction equations for assessing men's body composition were compared with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) gold standard to develop a modified equation to assess body composition and obesity quantitatively among Iranian military men. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 101 military men aged 23 - 52 years old with a mean age of 35.5 years were recruited and evaluated in the present study (average height, 173.9 cm and weight, 81.5 kg). The body-fat percentages of subjects were assessed both with anthropometric assessment and DEXA scan. The data obtained from these two methods were then compared using multiple regression analysis. RESULTS The mean and standard deviation of body fat percentage of the DEXA assessment was 21.2 ± 4.3 and body fat percentage obtained from three Jackson and Pollock 3-, 4- and 7-site equations were 21.1 ± 5.8, 22.2 ± 6.0 and 20.9 ± 5.7, respectively. There was a strong correlation between these three equations and DEXA (R² = 0.98). CONCLUSIONS The mean percentage of body fat obtained from the three equations of Jackson and Pollock was very close to that of body fat obtained from DEXA; however, we suggest using a modified Jackson-Pollock 3-site equation for volunteer military men because the 3-site equation analysis method is simpler and faster than other methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abolfazl Shakibaee
- Exercise Physiology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Soghrat Faghihzadeh
- Faculty of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, IR Iran
- Corresponding author: Soghrat Faghihzadeh, Faculty of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, IR Iran. Tel: +98-2182482402, Fax: +98-2188600030, E-mail: 35
| | - Gholam Hossein Alishiri
- Department of Internal Medicine, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Zeynab Ebrahimpour
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Human Sciences, Qaemshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qaemshahr, IR Iran
| | - Shahram Faradjzadeh
- ISAK Criterion Anthropometrist, Criterion Photoscopic Somatotype Rater and Head of Nutrition Department, I.R.I. Sport Medicine Federation, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Vahid Sobhani
- Exercise Physiology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Alireza Asgari
- Exercise Physiology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
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Abstract
Os métodos de avaliação da composição corporal em obesos têm sido amplamente discutidos, uma vez que nesses indivíduos a avaliação é dificultada devido às limitações dos equipamentos e características dos métodos utilizados. Esta sessão temática tem o objetivo de esclarecer as características, vantagens e limitações dos métodos de avaliação da composição corporal em adultos obesos. A quantificação de gordura corporal e mas-sa livre de gordura, assim como a avaliação da perda de massa muscular e de massa óssea em obesos são temas de grande interesse científico, uma vez que são utilizados para diagnosticar a obesidade osteosarcopênica. A avaliação da composição corporal de obesos pelo modelo de múltiplos compartimentos é padrão-ouro na prática científica. Por outro lado, o método de absorciometria radiológica de feixe duplo é considerado o padrão de referência em pesquisas e na prática clínica. Estudos indicam que a ressonância magnética e a tomografia computadorizada, em alguns casos, são fortemente correlacionadas com a absorciometria radiológica de feixe duplo. Os demais métodos apresentam limitações em avaliar a composição corporal, bem como suas modificações durante a redução ponderal em indivíduos obesos.
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Elmadfa I, Meyer AL. Developing suitable methods of nutritional status assessment: a continuous challenge. Adv Nutr 2014; 5:590S-598S. [PMID: 25469404 PMCID: PMC4188242 DOI: 10.3945/an.113.005330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Reliable information about the nutritional status is essential to identify potential critical nutrients and the population groups at risk of deficiency, as well as to develop effective public health policies to counteract unfavorable nutrition patterns that contribute to morbidity and mortality. In this review, the important role of biomarkers in the assessment of nutritional status is outlined, major strengths and limitations of established and new biomarkers are described, and important criteria for biomarker selection and development are discussed. Indeed, biomarkers offer a more objective assessment tool than pure dietary approaches that suffer from inadequate data reporting in particular, although biomarkers are often only measured in subsamples because of the higher costs and proband burden they entail. However, biomarkers are subject to individual variability and influences from other factors besides the nutrient of interest. Rapid turnover or tight control of nutrient concentrations in blood (homeostasis) limits their sensitivity as biomarkers, as in the case of many trace elements. The existence of different forms of a micronutrient in the body adds additional complexity. Functional biomarkers, such as enzyme activities, mirror long-term status better but are subject to confounding factors, and some are influenced by several micronutrients, not specific for only 1, so using a combination of biomarkers is advisable. Additionally, the applicability of a biomarker also depends on the existence of adequate reference values and cutoff points for the target population. Therefore, a careful selection is warranted, especially when biomarkers are to be used in larger samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Elmadfa
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna,
Austria
| | - Alexa L. Meyer
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna,
Austria
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Khalil SF, Mohktar MS, Ibrahim F. The theory and fundamentals of bioimpedance analysis in clinical status monitoring and diagnosis of diseases. SENSORS 2014; 14:10895-928. [PMID: 24949644 PMCID: PMC4118362 DOI: 10.3390/s140610895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 276] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Revised: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Bioimpedance analysis is a noninvasive, low cost and a commonly used approach for body composition measurements and assessment of clinical condition. There are a variety of methods applied for interpretation of measured bioimpedance data and a wide range of utilizations of bioimpedance in body composition estimation and evaluation of clinical status. This paper reviews the main concepts of bioimpedance measurement techniques including the frequency based, the allocation based, bioimpedance vector analysis and the real time bioimpedance analysis systems. Commonly used prediction equations for body composition assessment and influence of anthropometric measurements, gender, ethnic groups, postures, measurements protocols and electrode artifacts in estimated values are also discussed. In addition, this paper also contributes to the deliberations of bioimpedance analysis assessment of abnormal loss in lean body mass and unbalanced shift in body fluids and to the summary of diagnostic usage in different kinds of conditions such as cardiac, pulmonary, renal, and neural and infection diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami F Khalil
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Mas S Mohktar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Fatimah Ibrahim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Hillier SE, Beck L, Petropoulou A, Clegg ME. A comparison of body composition measurement techniques. J Hum Nutr Diet 2014; 27:626-31. [PMID: 24387134 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.12197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An understanding of the reproducibility of body composition measurements is essential for effective intervention studies. Air displacement plethysmography (ADP) and bioelectrical impedance (BIA) are two easy-to-use measures of body composition. The present study aimed to assess the reproducibility of ADP and BIA and compare them with each other, as well as with skinfold measurement. METHODS Forty-one participants were tested on two occasions following an overnight fast. On test day 1, participants' height, weight and % body fat (BF) were measured using ADP and BIA. Measurements were replicated to assess the within-day reproducibility. On test day 2, participants were again tested using ADP and BIA and had skinfold measurements taken. Three skinfold equations for BF calculation were applied. Comparisons of within- and between-day reproducibility and between measurement techniques were completed using Pearson correlations and Bland-Altman analysis. RESULTS Both Pearson correlation and Bland-Altman analysis showed good within- and between-day relationships and agreement for BF from ADP and BIA measurements. The two methods had a high correlation between them; however, the mean difference between the two was 3.1% (4.1%). From the skinfold equations used, the best agreement with ADP had a mean difference of 0.3% (0.8%) and, with BIA, had mean differences of 1.9% (4.2%). CONCLUSIONS The data indicate that ADP and BIA cannot be used interchangeably, although both measurements had good within- and between-day agreement.
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Affiliation(s)
- S E Hillier
- Functional Food Centre, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
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Kendler DL, Borges JLC, Fielding RA, Itabashi A, Krueger D, Mulligan K, Camargos BM, Sabowitz B, Wu CH, Yu EW, Shepherd J. The Official Positions of the International Society for Clinical Densitometry: Indications of Use and Reporting of DXA for Body Composition. J Clin Densitom 2013; 16:496-507. [PMID: 24090645 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocd.2013.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The technique of body composition by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) has been used for several years in the research environment. Its ability to accurately and precisely measure lean, fat, and mineral composition in various body compartments has been well validated. Furthermore, the technique is widely available to clinical patients on existing DXA instruments throughout the world through the use of specific software packages and scanning algorithms. There have been few clear statements regarding the clinical indications for body composition measurement in patients outside the research setting. This is in part because of the lack of specific documented interventions that would be affected by body composition test results, beyond usual clinical advice. We have examined a few of the most common, specific scenarios (HIV therapy, sarcopenia, bariatric surgery, obesity) and proposed indications for body composition assessment. We have also discussed contraindications to body composition testing.
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Infante J, Reyes C, Ramos M, Rayo J, Lorente R, Serrano J, Domínguez M, García L, Durán C, Sánchez R. The usefulness of densitometry as a method of assessing the nutritional status of athletes. Comparison with body mass index. Rev Esp Med Nucl Imagen Mol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.remnie.2013.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Tsigos C, Bitzur R, Kleinman Y, Cohen H, Cahn A, Brambilla G, Mancia G, Grassi G. Targets for body fat, blood pressure, lipids, and glucose-lowering interventions in healthy older people. Diabetes Care 2013; 36 Suppl 2:S292-300. [PMID: 23882062 PMCID: PMC3920791 DOI: 10.2337/dcs13-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rafael Bitzur
- Bert W. Strassburger Lipid Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | | | - Hofit Cohen
- Bert W. Strassburger Lipid Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Avivit Cahn
- Diabetes Unit, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | - Giuseppe Mancia
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Guido Grassi
- Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
- Istituto di Ricerca e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Multimedica, Sesto San Giovanni, Milan, Italy
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Carver TE, Christou NV, Andersen RE. In vivo precision of the GE iDXA for the assessment of total body composition and fat distribution in severely obese patients. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2013; 21:1367-9. [PMID: 23418030 DOI: 10.1002/oby.20323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2012] [Accepted: 12/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the precision of the iDXA for total body composition and fat distribution measurements in severely obese patients. DESIGN AND METHODS Sixty-five severely obese participants with a mean age of 46 ± 11 years, BMI of 49 ± 6 kg/m(2) , and a mean body mass of 137.3 ± 20.9 kg took part in this investigation. Two consecutive iDXA scans with repositioning of the total body were conducted for each participant. The coefficient of variation (CV), the root-mean-square (RMS) averages of standard deviations of repeated measurements, the corresponding 95% least significant change, and Intraclass Correlations (ICC) were calculated. RESULTS Precision expressed as % CV, for total body bone mineral content, fat free mass, total body fat, total body lean, and % total body fat were 1.08%, 0.94%, 0.90%, 1.00%, 0.79%, respectively. Precision was 1.44% for gynoid fat distribution and 1.64% for android fat (AF) distribution. The ICCs in all DXA measurements were 0.99 with % AF having the lowest at 0.96. CONCLUSIONS The GE Lunar iDXA™ demonstrated excellent precision for total body composition assessments and is the first study to assess reproducibility in severely obese individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara E Carver
- McGill University, Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Loenneke JP, Hirt KM, Wilson JM, Barnes JT, Pujol TJ. Predicting body composition in college students using the womersley and durnin body mass index equation. Asian J Sports Med 2013; 4:153-7. [PMID: 23802058 PMCID: PMC3690736 DOI: 10.5812/asjsm.34516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2012] [Accepted: 02/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose When assessing fitness levels, body composition is usually measured. The purpose of this study was to determine the overall efficacy of a body mass index (BMI) equation for predicting body composition with respect to college aged participants. Methods Body composition was measured using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and was estimated using the Womersley and Durnin BMI prediction equation. Results There was no significant (P=0.8) percent body fat (%BF) difference between the BMI prediction equation and DXA (BMI Predicted=25 (10) [min=6; max=52] %BF vs DXA=25 (6) [min=10; max=45] %BF). In addition, a significant correlation was found between the two approaches (r=0.791, P=0.001). However, both the standard error of estimate (6.32 %BF) and total error (6.63 %BF) were outside acceptable ranges for prediction equations. Conclusion The Womersley and Durnin equation for estimating %BF was not found to be a good estimate. Therefore, although the BMI predicted %BF has been previously found to predict skinfold estimated %BF, it does not appear valid in estimating %BF from DXA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy P. Loenneke
- Department of Health and Exercise Science. The University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, USA
- Address: 1401 Asp Avenue, 104 Huston Huffman Center. Norman, Oklahoma 73019-0615, USA.
| | | | - Jacob M. Wilson
- Department of Health Sciences and Human Performance, University of Tampa, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Jeremy T Barnes
- Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation. Southeast Missouri State University, Cape Girardeau, Missouri, USA
| | - Thomas J Pujol
- Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation. Southeast Missouri State University, Cape Girardeau, Missouri, USA
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