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Berki T, Csányi T, Tóth L. Associations of physical activity and physical education enjoyment with self-concept domains among Hungarian adolescents. BMC Psychol 2024; 12:449. [PMID: 39169414 PMCID: PMC11340068 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-024-01953-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sport enjoyment is one of the most important factors in physical activity (PA) and physical education (PE) domains. It is not only beneficial for regular participation but also has a positive effect on mental health. Due to these benefits, this study aims to understand the relationships between PA, two forms of enjoyment, and the dimension of self-concept. METHODS The sample consisted of 315 students (Mage=12.63). The Self-Description Questionnaire-I was used to measure the domains of self-concept. Enjoyment was measured with two scales. The Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale reflects extracurricular PA enjoyment, and the Factors Influencing Enjoyment of Physical Education Questionnaire reflects school PE enjoyment. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire was used to assess vigorous, moderate, and walking types of extracurricular PA enjoyment. RESULTS Hierarchical multivariate regression analysis revealed that vigorous PA predicted physical ability (β = 0.19) and physical appearance (β = 0.15). PA enjoyment was a significant predictor of general self-concept (β = 0.29), physical ability (β = 0.28), physical appearance (β = 0.16), peer relation (β = 0.16), and parental relations (β = 0.14). PE enjoyment significantly predicted general school (β = 0.17), physical ability (β = 0.27), peer relations (β = 0.21) and parental relations (β = 0.22). Furthermore, boys scored at a higher level on most of self-concept domains. CONCLUSIONS The present study suggested that enjoyment plays a more important role in self-concept than PA. PE enjoyment mainly strengthens boys' self-concept, but PA enjoyment is an important predictor of general self-concept in both genders. It is concluded that extracurricular PA enjoyment is beneficial, but increasing enjoyment of physical education could increase girls' self-concepts as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamás Berki
- Department of Physical Education Theory and Methodology, Hungarian University of Sports Science, Budapest, 1123, Hungary.
| | - Tamás Csányi
- Department of Physical Education Theory and Methodology, Hungarian University of Sports Science, Budapest, 1123, Hungary
| | - László Tóth
- Department of Psychology and Sport Psychology, Teacher Training Institute, Hungarian University of Sports Science, Budapest, 1123, Hungary
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2
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Greule C, Sudeck G, Thiel A, Kastner L, Janßen P, Nieß A, Rapp F, Junne F, Krauß I. Correlates of physical activity enjoyment in children and adolescents for a new perspective on the treatment of overweight: A systematic literature review. Obes Rev 2024; 25:e13655. [PMID: 37987113 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this systematic literature review was to systematically compile the state of knowledge on correlates of physical activity enjoyment in children and adolescents to influence the perspective of future physical activity promotion approaches especially for children and adolescents affected by overweight or obesity. The electronic database search was executed in the five databases PubMed, PsychINFO, SPORTDiscus, Web of Science, and BISp-SURF, from inception to December 6, 2021. A semi-quantitative method was used for summarizing the resulted correlates. For final analysis, 85 studies comprising 48,144 children and adolescents were included. Fifty-seven variables could be coded for their relationship with physical activity enjoyment. Of these, 12 psychological variables, for example, the basic psychological needs, task orientation, or self-efficacy; six interpersonal variables, for example, peer/group acceptance, parental support, and autonomy support; and one behavioral variable, the higher self-reported physical activity, are consistent positively associated to physical activity enjoyment. A scientifically based overview could be extracted for the promotion of physical activity enjoyment in children and adolescents. There is a gap in literature focusing the perception of physical activity enjoyment in the subgroup of children and adolescents affected by overweight or obesity. Therefore, recommendations were made to enable the development of further innovative research approaches in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constanze Greule
- Department of Sports Medicine, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Institute of Sports Science, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Interfaculty Research Institute for Sport and Physical Activity, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Gorden Sudeck
- Institute of Sports Science, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Interfaculty Research Institute for Sport and Physical Activity, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- LEAD Graduate School and Research Network, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ansgar Thiel
- Institute of Sports Science, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Interfaculty Research Institute for Sport and Physical Activity, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- LEAD Graduate School and Research Network, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Lydia Kastner
- Institute of Sports Science, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Interfaculty Research Institute for Sport and Physical Activity, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- LEAD Graduate School and Research Network, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Pia Janßen
- Department of Sports Medicine, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Interfaculty Research Institute for Sport and Physical Activity, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Nieß
- Department of Sports Medicine, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Interfaculty Research Institute for Sport and Physical Activity, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Felicitas Rapp
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Florian Junne
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Inga Krauß
- Department of Sports Medicine, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Interfaculty Research Institute for Sport and Physical Activity, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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3
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Lofrano-Prado MC, Donato Junior J, Lambertucci AC, Lambertucci RH, Malik N, Ritti-Dias RM, Correia MA, Botero JP, Prado WL. Recreational Physical Activity Improves Adherence and Dropout in a Non-Intensive Behavioral Intervention for Adolescents With Obesity. RESEARCH QUARTERLY FOR EXERCISE AND SPORT 2022; 93:659-669. [PMID: 34672899 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2021.1893259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare adherence and dropout rates in adolescents with obesity participating in a behavioral-counseling intervention with or without recreational physical activity (PA). Material and methods: Seventy-four adolescents (13 to 18y, 40 girls and 34 boys) with obesity (body mass index [BMI] z-score ≥ 2.0) were randomized into a counseling group (CG; n = 37) and a counseling + recreational physical activity group (CPAG; n = 37). Adolescents from both groups received behavioral counseling once a week for 12 weeks and monthly for an additional 12 weeks. CPAG adolescents participated in supervised recreational physical activity sessions twice a week for 12 weeks. Body composition, body image dissatisfaction, symptoms of depression, binge eating, bulimia, anorexia and quality of life were assessed at baseline and after 24-weeks. Result: The dropout rate was 2.73 times higher in adolescents from CG compared to CPAG (χ2 = 4.48; p = .034; R2McF = 0.044). Girls were 2.56 times more likely to withdraw when compared to boys (χ2 = 3.86; p = .049; R2McF = 0.038). Binomial logistic regression which incorporated sex, intervention group, BMI z-score and BSQ score at baseline (R2McF = 0.177) explained 75% of the dropout rate. Both interventions were effective in reducing waist circumference (p < .01) and improving quality of life, symptoms of depression, bulimia and binge eating (p < .01). Conclusion: Incorporating a recreational physical activity component to a non-intensive behavioral intervention may be a feasible strategy to reduce dropout rates in adolescents with obesity seeking treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Neal Malik
- California State University - San Bernardino
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4
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Masadis G, Filippou F, Bebetsos E, Mavridou S, Kouli O, Karagiannidou V, Petanidis D, Varsami D, Filippou DA, Németh Z. The Physical Activity Class Satisfaction Questionnaire (PACSQ) in Greek educational context: Psychometric properties. ACTA GYMNICA 2021. [DOI: 10.5507/ag.2021.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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5
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Teixeira DS, Rodrigues F, Machado S, Cid L, Monteiro D. Did You Enjoy It? The Role of Intensity-Trait Preference/Tolerance in Basic Psychological Needs and Exercise Enjoyment. Front Psychol 2021; 12:682480. [PMID: 34177737 PMCID: PMC8222508 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.682480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Promoting exercise regimens that aim at enhancing the quality of individuals’ subjective exercise experience can be challenging. Given the recent theoretical contributions regarding the possible interaction of exercise intensity-traits and several motivational variables, as well as their potential value for exercise adherence, the objective of this study was to examine the mediation role of basic psychological needs in the relationship between preference for and tolerance of exercise intensity and enjoyment. This cross-sectional study comprised a total of 160 exercisers (Mage = 34.12, SD = 9.23, 73 males) enrolled in several health clubs. All analyses were performed using SPSS v. 23.0/PROCESS v. 3.4. The results indicate that intensity-traits presented positive associations with enjoyment, and negative associations with all of needs frustration variables. A mediation role of needs frustration emerged in the intensity-traits and enjoyment associations that was analyzed according to relatable theoretical considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo S Teixeira
- Universidade Lusófona, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Lisbon, Portugal.,Research Center in Sport, Physical Education, and Exercise and Health (CIDEFES), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Filipe Rodrigues
- Sport Science School of Rio Maior (ESDRM-IPSantarem), Rio Maior, Portugal.,Life Quality Research Centre (CIEQV), Santarém, Portugal
| | - Sérgio Machado
- Department of Sports Methods and Techniques, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Luis Cid
- Sport Science School of Rio Maior (ESDRM-IPSantarem), Rio Maior, Portugal.,Research Center in Sport, Health and Human Development (CIDESD), Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Diogo Monteiro
- Research Center in Sport, Health and Human Development (CIDESD), Vila Real, Portugal.,ESECS - Polytechnique of Leiria, Leiria, Portugal
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6
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Fierro-Suero S, Almagro BJ, Sáenz-López P. Validation of the Achievement Emotions Questionnaire for Physical Education (AEQ-PE). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E4560. [PMID: 32599900 PMCID: PMC7345144 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17124560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The fundamental role of emotions in education has been revealed in recent years. The control-value theory of achievement emotions has been postulated as one of the most used theories in this field. Thanks to the Achievement Emotions Questionnaire (AEQ), achievement emotions have been measured in different subjects and countries. The purpose of this research was to adapt and validate this questionnaire to assess achievement emotions in physical education. The sample of participants consisted of 902 (Mage = 13.15, SD = 1.17) secondary education students from various secondary schools in Spain. The psychometric properties of the Achievement Emotions Questionnaire for Physical Education (AEQ-PE) indicate that the scales are reliable and valid, as demonstrated by exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, temporal stability, internal consistency and regression analysis. Considering the results achieved in the present study, the AEQ-PE opens a range of possibilities for both teachers and researchers. This instrument will help to understand the role of emotions in student learning and their motivation towards physical education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastián Fierro-Suero
- Faculty of Education, Psychology and Sport Sciences, Universidad de Huelva; Avda. Tres de marzo s/n, 21071 Huelva, Spain;
| | | | - Pedro Sáenz-López
- Faculty of Education, Psychology and Sport Sciences, Universidad de Huelva; Avda. Tres de marzo s/n, 21071 Huelva, Spain;
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7
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Xu G, Sun N, Li L, Qi W, Li C, Zhou M, Chen Z, Han L. Physical behaviors of 12-15 year-old adolescents in 54 low- and middle-income countries: Results from the Global School-based Student Health Survey. J Glob Health 2020; 10:010423. [PMID: 32426123 PMCID: PMC7211419 DOI: 10.7189/jogh.10.010423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background To describe and compare the separate and combined prevalence of physical activity, active transportation, physical education, and sedentary behavior among adolescents 12-15 year-olds in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Methods We used the latest data from the Global School-based Student Health Survey (GSHS), which collect data on the physical behaviors of young adolescents in LMICs. The weighted prevalence and 95% confidence intervals of separate, combined and all of the qualifying physical behaviors were calculated. Pooled overall and regional estimates were calculated using a random effects model. Results In total, 154 559 young adolescents (45.90% boys) aged 12-15 from 54 countries covered in the GSHS were included in our analysis. Only 0.7% (95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.5%-1.0%) of the adolescents, comprising 0.9% (95% CI = 0.6%-1.3%) of the boys and 0.5% (95% CI = 0.3%-0.7%) of the girls, displayed all of the qualifying physical behaviors. The overall prevalence of physical activity, active transportation, physical education, and sedentary behavior was 15.2% (95% CI = 13.7%-16.7%), 39.5% (95% CI = 34.9%-44.0%), 18.8% (95% CI = 16.1%-21.5%), and 34.6% (95% CI = 28.4%-40.7%), respectively. The overall prevalence of high levels of combined physical behaviors was 6.6% (95% CI = 5.4%-7.8%), with lowest in the Eastern Mediterranean region (4.9%, 95% CI = 3.5%-6.2%) and highest in Southeast Asia (8.6%, 95% CI = 4.9%-12.3%). Conclusion The prevalence of the separate physical behaviors and high levels of the combined physical behaviors was consistently low among young adolescents in LMICs, and that of all qualifying physical behaviors was even lower.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guodong Xu
- Hwa Mei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang, PR China.,Ningbo Institute of Life and Health Industry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang, PR China.,Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Ning Sun
- Ningbo College of Health Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Lian Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, PR China
| | - Wanfu Qi
- Ningbo Health Supervision Institute, Ningbo, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Changwei Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Georgia College of Public Health, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Maigeng Zhou
- National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, PR China
| | - Zhu Chen
- Hwa Mei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Liyuan Han
- Hwa Mei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang, PR China.,Ningbo Institute of Life and Health Industry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang, PR China
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8
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Understanding the Motives of Undertaking Physical Activity with Different Levels of Intensity among Adolescents: Results of the INDARES Study. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:1849715. [PMID: 30364033 PMCID: PMC6186376 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1849715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the motives for undertaking physical activity (PA) and the intensity of PA in Polish adolescents. Methods The study included 1,231 students, 515 boys (age 16.2 ± 0.7 years) and 716 girls (age 16.3 ± 0.6 years). The participants were recruited from secondary schools in 20 conurbations throughout Poland. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Long Form and the Motives for Physical Activity Measure-Revised were used. Results In boys, all motives predicted a 10.4% variance in vigorous intensity of PA (F(5, 509) = 11.822, p < .001). Higher scores on competence and appearance motives for PA were found to be predictors of higher level of vigorous intensity of PA. In girls, all motives explained a 7.4% variance in vigorous intensity of PA (F(5, 710) = 11.292, p < .001). Higher scores on competence and appearance motives for PA were found to be predictors of higher level of vigorous intensity of PA. Conclusions This study shows that competence and appearance related motives for PA are important motivations for Polish adolescent girls and boys in undertaking vigorous intensity PA.
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Shen B, Centeio E, Garn A, Martin J, Kulik N, Somers C, McCaughtry N. Parental social support, perceived competence and enjoyment in school physical activity. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2018; 7:346-352. [PMID: 30356633 PMCID: PMC6189254 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2016.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2015] [Revised: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Beginning in the elementary school years, there are differences among children on how they perceive their competence in physical activity (PA). Children's competence perceptions may influence their affective reactions to PA. A crucial question is how to motivate children who hold low competence perceptions to enhance their enjoyment and PA involvement. Because parents play critical roles in children's development and socialization, social support from parents can be an important factor to complement teachers' effort to enhance children's enjoyment and PA involvement. In this research we identified the associations among children's beliefs about parental social support, perceived competence, and enjoyment in school PA. METHODS Three hundred and twenty children (9-11 years old) participated in a two-wave study. At the first wave, children completed questionnaires measuring their beliefs about parental social support, perceived competence, and enjoyment in school PA; they reported their enjoyment again 8 months later at the second wave. RESULTS Both concurrent and longitudinal analyses revealed that beliefs about parental social support were important factors associated with children's enjoyment in school PA, especially among girls with low competence perceptions. CONCLUSION Family socialization factors should be taken into consideration. The efficacy of individual and community-level strategies should be included and evaluated when designing effective intervention strategies that enhance children's PA in school.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Shen
- Division of Kinesiology, Health, and Sport Studies, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Erin Centeio
- Division of Kinesiology, Health, and Sport Studies, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Alex Garn
- Department of Kinesiology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Jeffrey Martin
- Division of Kinesiology, Health, and Sport Studies, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Noel Kulik
- Division of Kinesiology, Health, and Sport Studies, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Cheryl Somers
- Division of Kinesiology, Health, and Sport Studies, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Nate McCaughtry
- Division of Kinesiology, Health, and Sport Studies, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
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10
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Kurková P. Attitudes of Czech pupils who are deaf or hard of hearing towards physical education classes: A comparison of gender differences. ACTA GYMNICA 2018. [DOI: 10.5507/ag.2018.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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11
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Budd EL, McQueen A, Eyler AA, Haire-Joshu D, Auslander WF, Brownson RC. The role of physical activity enjoyment in the pathways from the social and physical environments to physical activity of early adolescent girls. Prev Med 2018; 111:6-13. [PMID: 29447926 PMCID: PMC5985153 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2018.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Most girls experience a notable decline in physical activity (PA) in early adolescence, increasing their risk for harmful health outcomes. Enjoyment for PA (i.e., positive feelings toward PA) is a determinant of PA among girls during adolescence and sustained PA throughout adulthood. Previous studies recommended increasing girls' PA enjoyment in order to increase their PA, but did not include environmental-level strategies for how families, schools, or communities do this. To gain insight on such strategies, this study examines the role of PA enjoyment as a mediator of social and physical environments to moderate-to-vigorous intensity PA of early adolescent girls. Cross-sectional, secondary analyses, using structural equation modeling, were conducted on a U.S. national dataset of 1721 sixth grade girls from the Trial of Activity for Adolescent Girls in 2003. Mediation model fit parameters included χ2 (292, N = 1721) = 947.73 p < 0.001, CFI = 0.95, RMSEA = 0.04 (90% CI = 0.03, 0.04), and SRMR = 0.037 suggesting overall good fit. There were no indirect effects on PA through PA enjoyment from the social or physical environmental factors. To PA, there were significant direct effects only from social support from friends (β = 0.15, CI = 0.09, 0.22). To PA enjoyment, there were significant direct effects from social support from family (β = 0.15, CI = 0.08, 0.23), school climate (teachers β = 0.15, CI = 0.10, 0.21 and boys β = 0.15, CI = 0.09, 0.20), and neighborhood environment (β = 0.10, CI = 0.04, 0.17). The findings of this study identified several direct effects of the social and physical environment on PA enjoyment that can begin to inform environmental-level strategies for increasing PA enjoyment among early adolescent girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth L Budd
- College of Education, University of Oregon, 5251 University of Oregon, HEDCO Building, Eugene, OR 97403, USA.
| | - Amy McQueen
- Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Dr., Campus Box 1196, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.
| | - Amy A Eyler
- Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Dr., Campus Box 1196, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.
| | - Debra Haire-Joshu
- Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Dr., Campus Box 1196, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.
| | - Wendy F Auslander
- Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Dr., Campus Box 1196, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.
| | - Ross C Brownson
- Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Dr., Campus Box 1196, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; Division of Public Health Sciences and Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.
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12
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Bevelander KE, Smit CR, van Woudenberg TJ, Buijs L, Burk WJ, Buijzen M. Youth's social network structures and peer influences: study protocol MyMovez project - Phase I. BMC Public Health 2018; 18:504. [PMID: 29661223 PMCID: PMC5902932 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-018-5353-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Youth are an important target group for social network interventions, because they are particularly susceptible to the adaptation of healthy and unhealthy habits and behaviors of others. They are surrounded by ‘social influence agents’ (i.e., role models such as family, friends and peers) that co-determine their dietary intake and physical activity. However, there is a lack of systematic and comprehensive research on the implementation of a social network approach in health campaigns. The MyMovez research project aims to fill this gap by developing a method for effective social network campaign implementation. This protocol paper describes the design and methods of Phase I of the MyMovez project, aiming to unravel youth’s social network structures in combination with individual, psychosocial, and environmental factors related to energy intake and expenditure. In addition, the Wearable Lab is developed to enable an attractive and state-of-the-art way of collecting data and online campaign implementation via social networks. Methods Phase I of the MyMovez project consists of a large-scale cross-sequential cohort study (N = 953; 8-12 and 12-15 y/o). In five waves during a 3-year period (2016-2018), data are collected about youth’s social network exposure, media consumption, socialization experiences, psychological determinants of behavior, physical environment, dietary intake (snacking and drinking behavior) and physical activity using the Wearable Lab. The Wearable Lab exists of a smartphone-based research application (app) connected to an activity tracking bracelet, that is developed throughout the duration of the project. It generates peer- and self-reported (e.g., sociometric data and surveys) and experience sampling data, social network beacon data, real-time physical activity data (i.e., steps and cycling), location information, photos and chat conversation data from the app’s social media platform Social Buzz. Discussion The MyMovez project - Phase I is an innovative cross-sequential research project that investigates how social influences co-determine youth’s energy intake and expenditure. This project utilizes advanced research technologies (Wearable Lab) that provide unique opportunities to better understand the underlying processes that impact youths’ health-related behaviors. The project is theoretically and methodologically pioneering and produces a unique and useful method for successfully implementing and improving health campaigns. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12889-018-5353-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten E Bevelander
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Communication Science, P.O. Box 9104, 6500 HE, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Crystal R Smit
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Communication Science, P.O. Box 9104, 6500 HE, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Thabo J van Woudenberg
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Communication Science, P.O. Box 9104, 6500 HE, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Laura Buijs
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Communication Science, P.O. Box 9104, 6500 HE, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - William J Burk
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Communication Science, P.O. Box 9104, 6500 HE, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Moniek Buijzen
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Communication Science, P.O. Box 9104, 6500 HE, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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13
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Li YC, Joshi D, King-Dowling S, Hay J, Faught BE, Cairney J. The longitudinal relationship between generalized self-efficacy and physical activity in school-aged children. Eur J Sport Sci 2018; 18:569-578. [PMID: 29400618 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2018.1430852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Our understanding of the longitudinal relationship between generalized self-efficacy (GSE) and physical activity in children and youth is limited. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of GSE towards physical activity on sedentary behaviours and physical activity in school-aged children over time. A total of 2278 nine-year-old children (1120 girls and 1158 boys) were recruited at baseline and followed for seven waves of data collection from 2005 to 2008. All children completed questionnaires at each wave assessing their GSE (adequacy, predilection, and enjoyment), sedentary behaviours, free play, and organized activity. Mixed-effects models were used to estimate changes in physical activity and GSE within individuals over time, controlling for gender and motor ability. The results showed that participation in free play significantly increased over time, whereas organized activity significantly decreased over the same period. Children with high perceived adequacy and predilection had higher free play and organized activity participation relative to other children over time. However, the effect of perceived adequacy diminished over time, while the gaps between groups with different levels of predilection widened over time. While sedentary behaviours were lower over time in children with high predilection, these behaviours were consistently higher in children with high enjoyment. The differences in sedentary behaviours between groups increased over time for both predilection and enjoyment. This study highlights the importance of different components of GSE on physical activity participation. In addition, interventions targeting the enhancement of predilection may facilitate physical activity and reduce sedentary behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Chuen Li
- a Department of Kinesiology , McMaster University , Hamilton , Canada.,b INfant and Child Health (INCH) Lab, Department of Family Medicine , McMaster University , Hamilton , Canada
| | - Divya Joshi
- c Faculty of Applied Health Sciences , Brock University , St. Catharines , Canada
| | - Sara King-Dowling
- a Department of Kinesiology , McMaster University , Hamilton , Canada.,b INfant and Child Health (INCH) Lab, Department of Family Medicine , McMaster University , Hamilton , Canada
| | - John Hay
- c Faculty of Applied Health Sciences , Brock University , St. Catharines , Canada
| | - Brent E Faught
- c Faculty of Applied Health Sciences , Brock University , St. Catharines , Canada
| | - John Cairney
- b INfant and Child Health (INCH) Lab, Department of Family Medicine , McMaster University , Hamilton , Canada.,d Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education , University of Toronto , Toronto , Canada
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Hilland TA, Brown TD, Fairclough SJ. The physical education predisposition scale: Preliminary tests of reliability and validity in Australian students. J Sports Sci 2017; 36:384-392. [PMID: 28357932 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2017.1308002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The main aim of this study was to psychometrically test the Physical Education Predisposition Scale (PEPS) with a cohort of Australian students, to assess secondary school students' perceived PE ability and PE worth. Secondary aims were to explore how the two variables were related and to investigate age and gender differences. Altogether, 266 Year 7, 8, 9 and 10 students (aged 12-16 years), from four schools within the South Eastern region of Melbourne, completed the PEPS at both time points. Principal components analysis revealed the presence of a simple two-factor structure explaining 66.9% of the variance. Factor 1 (labelled perceived PE worth) reflected enjoyment and attitude (α = .91), and factor 2 (labelled perceived PE ability) represented perceptions of competence and self-efficacy (α = .92). Significant positive correlations were observed between the two factors (r = .50-.82, P < .001). Boys scored significantly higher than girls on perceived PE ability (P = .01), and year 7 students scored significantly higher compared to Year 9 students (P = .002). Our results support the potential of the PEPS as a concise measurement tool for use in the PE setting, for both teachers and researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toni A Hilland
- a College of Sport and Exercise Science, Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living (ISEAL) , Victoria University , Footscray Park , Australia
| | - Trent D Brown
- b Faculty of Education , Monash University , Frankston , Australia
| | - Stuart J Fairclough
- c Department of Sport and Physical Activity , Edge Hill University , Ormskirk , UK.,d Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences , University of Limerick , Limerick , Ireland
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15
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Gråstén A. Children's expectancy beliefs and subjective task values through two years of school-based program and associated links to physical education enjoyment and physical activity. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2016; 5:500-508. [PMID: 30356577 PMCID: PMC6188906 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2015.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Revised: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The present study examined the patterns of children's expectancy beliefs and subjective task values through the Physical Activity as Civil Skill Program and associated links to physical education enjoyment and total physical activity. METHODS The sample comprised 401 children aged 9-13 years from 3 small towns located in North-East Finland. All children received school-based activities across 2-year program from Grades 5 to 7. The present data were collected using questionnaires across 3 measurement phases during 2012-2014. RESULTS The levels of expectancy beliefs and subjective task values indicated to be relatively high and the development was stable through the program, especially in terms of expectancy beliefs, attainment value, and cost. In contrast, interest value and utility value decreased over the particular period of time. Boys believed they are physically more competent when compared to other students and valued physical education classes more important than girls. In addition, the higher the physical activity level the children reported, the higher the physical education enjoyment they perceived. CONCLUSION The current program including actions to increase physical activity through manipulation of psychological and physical school environment modifications indicated to be an effective strategy to prohibit declining levels of children's expectancy beliefs and task values.
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16
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Bronikowski M, Bronikowska M, Glapa A. Do They Need Goals or Support? A Report from a Goal-Setting Intervention Using Physical Activity Monitors in Youth. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2016; 13:ijerph13090914. [PMID: 27649219 PMCID: PMC5036747 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13090914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the association between physical activity (PA) and different goal setting and strategies in youth. The study took into consideration different sources of support as well as gender variations. Classmate and Teacher Support scales were used to evaluate support in physical education (PE) classes, and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) was reported. Garmin Vivofit® activity trackers were used during an 8 week-long intervention to count daily steps. Data was collected from 65 adolescents (mean age 17.2 ± 0.2), 74 young adolescents (mean age 15.3 ± 0.2) and 57 children (mean age 11.5 ± 0.4). An experimental design was employed, with “goal” and “do your best” groups given different step goal strategies. The results show that both groups achieved a comparable number of steps. Two-way ANOVA showed interactional effects between gender and teacher support. There were no such effects for MVPA and number of steps. Although classmate support in PE was reported to be reasonably high, the findings show that it does not play a significant role in increasing MVPA behaviors in youths. However, the problem of significantly lower support given to adolescent girls by PE teachers should be embedded into the teaching context of PE students and counteracted in school setting realities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Bronikowski
- Department of Physical Activity Didactics, University School of Physical Education, Krolowej Jadwigi 27/38, 61871 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Malgorzata Bronikowska
- Department of Traditional Games and Ethnology of Sport, University School of Physical Education, Krolowej Jadwigi 27/38, 61871 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Agata Glapa
- Department of Physical Activity Didactics, University School of Physical Education, Krolowej Jadwigi 27/38, 61871 Poznan, Poland.
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Pate RR, McIver KL, Colabianchi N, Troiano RP, Reis JP, Carroll DD, Fulton JE. Physical Activity Measures in the Healthy Communities Study. Am J Prev Med 2015; 49:653-9. [PMID: 26384937 PMCID: PMC4578728 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2015.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Revised: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The risk of obesity is reduced when youth engage in recommended levels of physical activity (PA). For that reason, public health organizations in the U.S. have encouraged communities to implement programs and policies designed to increase PA in youth, and many communities have taken on that challenge. However, the long-term effects of those programs and policies on obesity are largely unknown. The Healthy Communities Study is a large-scale observational study of U.S. communities that is examining the characteristics of programs and policies designed to promote healthy behaviors (e.g., increase PA and improve diet) and determining their association with obesity-related outcomes. The purpose of this paper is to describe the methods used to measure PA in children and the personal and community factors that may influence it. The study used both self-reported and objective measures of PA, and measured personal, family, and home influences on PA via three constructs: (1) PA self-schema; (2) parental support; and (3) parental rules regarding PA. Neighborhood and community factors related to PA were assessed using three measures: (1) child perceptions of the neighborhood environment; (2) availability of PA equipment; and (3) attributes of the child's street segment via direct observation. School influences on children's PA were assessed via three constructs: (1) school PA policies; (2) child perceptions of the school PA environment; and (3) school outdoor PA environment. These measures will enable examination of the associations between characteristics of community PA programs and policies and obesity-related outcomes in children and youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell R Pate
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina.
| | - Kerry L McIver
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | | | - Richard P Troiano
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Science, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jared P Reis
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Dianna D Carroll
- Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Janet E Fulton
- Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Atlanta, Georgia
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18
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Reznik M, Wylie-Rosett J, Kim M, Ozuah PO. A classroom-based physical activity intervention for urban kindergarten and first-grade students: a feasibility study. Child Obes 2015; 11:314-24. [PMID: 25747719 PMCID: PMC4485880 DOI: 10.1089/chi.2014.0090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Urban elementary schools in minority communities with high obesity prevalence may have limited resources for physical education (PE) to achieve daily activity recommendations. Little is known whether integrating physical activity (PA) into classrooms can increase activity levels of students attending such schools. METHODS We conducted a cluster randomized, controlled trial among kindergarten and first-grade students from four Bronx, New York, schools to determine feasibility and impact of a classroom-based intervention on students' PA levels. Students in two intervention schools received the Children's Hospital at Montefiore Joining Academics and Movement (CHAM JAM), an audio CD consisting of 10-minute, education-focused aerobic activities led by teachers three times a day. PA was objectively measured by pedometer. Each subject wore a sealed pedometer during the 6-hour school day for 5 consecutive days at baseline (Time 1) and 8 weeks postintervention (Time 2). Hierarchical linear models were fit to evaluate differences in mean number of steps between the two groups. RESULTS A total of 988 students participated (intervention group, n=500; control group, n=488). There was no significant difference at baseline between the two groups on mean number of steps (2581 [standard deviation (SD), 1284] vs. 2476 [SD, 1180]; P=0.71). Eight weeks post-CHAM JAM, intervention group students took significantly greater mean number of steps than controls (2839 [SD, 1262] vs. 2545 [SD, 1153]; P=0.0048) after adjusting for baseline number of steps and other covariates (grade, gender, recess, and PE class). CHAM JAM was equally effective in gender, grade level, and BMI subgroups. CONCLUSIONS CHAM JAM significantly increased school-based PA among kindergarten and first-grade students in inner-city schools. This approach holds promise as a cost-effective means to integrate the physical and cognitive benefits of PA into high-risk schools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Reznik
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Judith Wylie-Rosett
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Mimi Kim
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Philip O. Ozuah
- Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
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19
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Grant EM, Young DR, Wu TT. Predictors for physical activity in adolescent girls using statistical shrinkage techniques for hierarchical longitudinal mixed effects models. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0125431. [PMID: 25928064 PMCID: PMC4416015 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined associations among longitudinal, multilevel variables and girls' physical activity to determine the important predictors for physical activity change at different adolescent ages. The Trial of Activity for Adolescent Girls 2 study (Maryland) contributed participants from 8th (2009) to 11th grade (2011) (n=561). Questionnaires were used to obtain demographic, and psychosocial information (individual- and social-level variables); height, weight, and triceps skinfold to assess body composition; interviews and surveys for school-level data; and self-report for neighborhood-level variables. Moderate to vigorous physical activity minutes were assessed from accelerometers. A doubly regularized linear mixed effects model was used for the longitudinal multilevel data to identify the most important covariates for physical activity. Three fixed effects at the individual level and one random effect at the school level were chosen from an initial total of 66 variables, consisting of 47 fixed effects and 19 random effects variables, in additional to the time effect. Self-management strategies, perceived barriers, and social support from friends were the three selected fixed effects, and whether intramural or interscholastic programs were offered in middle school was the selected random effect. Psychosocial factors and friend support, plus a school's physical activity environment, affect adolescent girl's moderate to vigorous physical activity longitudinally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward M. Grant
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States of America
| | - Deborah Rohm Young
- Department of Research & Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA, United States of America
| | - Tong Tong Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States of America
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20
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Spencer RA, Rehman L, Kirk SFL. Understanding gender norms, nutrition, and physical activity in adolescent girls: a scoping review. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2015; 12:6. [PMID: 25616739 PMCID: PMC4310022 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-015-0166-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Public health is currently focused on childhood obesity, and the associated behaviors of physical activity and nutrition. Canadian youth are insufficiently active and do not meet nutritional guidelines. This is of particular concern for adolescent girls, as they are less active than boys, become less active as they age, and engage in unhealthy weight control behaviors. The purpose of this review is to determine what is known from the existing literature about how gender norms are understood in relation to the health-related behaviors of PA and nutrition in young girls. This scoping review follows the framework of Arksey and O’Malley, involving defining a research question, study identification and selection, charting, interpretation, summarizing, and reporting. In total, 28 documents are reviewed, and characteristics are summarized quantitatively and qualitatively. Five major themes are identified: (1) Girls’ relationships with PA are complex and require negotiating gender roles, (2) the literature focuses on dieting rather than nutrition, (3) appearance and perceptions influence behaviors, (4) “body” focused discourse is significant to girls’ experiences, and (5) social influences, institutions, and environments are influential and may offer opportunity for future research and action. Gaps in the literature are identified and discussed. It is concluded that young girls’ activity and nutrition is affected by gender norms and feminine ideals through complex negotiations, perceptions, body-centered discourse, and societal influences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A Spencer
- Applied Research Collaborations for Health, Dalhousie University, 1318 Robie St, Halifax, NS, B3H4R2, Canada.
| | - Laurene Rehman
- School of Health and Human Performance, Dalhousie University, 6230 South St, Halifax, NS, B3H4R2, Canada.
| | - Sara F L Kirk
- Applied Research Collaborations for Health, Dalhousie University, 1318 Robie St, Halifax, NS, B3H4R2, Canada.
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21
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Sandercock GRH, Ogunleye A, Voss C. Associations between showering behaviours following physical education, physical activity and fitness in English schoolchildren. Eur J Sport Sci 2014; 16:128-34. [PMID: 25506624 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2014.987321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to describe the frequency of showering after physical education (PE) in English high-school pupils. We examined differences in physical activity (PA) and cardiorespiratory fitness according to showering behaviours and examined predictors of showering. We measured PA and cardiorespiratory fitness of n = 3921 pupils (11-16 years, 53.5% males) from eight high schools. Pupils self-reported showering behaviour and parental PA levels. We calculated deprivation and distance travelled to school from their home postcode. Overall, 53% of boys and 68% of girls said they never shower after PE. Pupils who did not shower after PE were less physically active and engaged in fewer team sports. Girls who did not shower also had lower cardiorespiratory fitness than those who did. Showering behaviour varied greatly by school, so we adjusted for clustering at the school level. Pupils were more likely to shower if they were active with their parents [odds ratio (OR) = 1.72; 95% CI: 1.43, 2.07] and less likely to shower if they were from deprived areas (OR = 0.68; 95% CI: 0.52, 0.88). Showering after PE is relatively rare in English schoolchildren, particularly girls. While we cannot infer causality regarding the relationships found here, the low rates of showering and the lower PA and cardiorespiratory fitness (in girls) observed in schoolchildren who do not shower suggest research is needed to determine whether showering is a barrier to being physically active during PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin R H Sandercock
- a Centre for Sports and Exercise Science, School of Biological Sciences , University of Essex , Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, Essex , UK
| | - Ayodele Ogunleye
- b Center for Obesity Management , University of Alberta , Edmonton , AB , Canada
| | - Christine Voss
- c Centre for Hip Health and Mobility , University of British Columbia , Vancouver , BC , Canada
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22
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Vanden Bosch ML, Robbins LB, Pfeiffer KA, Kazanis AS, Maier KS. Demographic, cognitive, affective, and behavioral variables associated with overweight and obesity in low-active girls. J Pediatr Nurs 2014; 29:576-85. [PMID: 25027734 PMCID: PMC4252398 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2014.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Revised: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study examined personal, cognitive, affective, and behavioral variables related to body mass index (BMI) among 73 6th and 7th grade girls, and differences between categories of healthy weight, overweight, and obese in the variables. BMI was correlated with barriers to physical activity, enjoyment of physical activity, light physical activity, moderate to vigorous physical activity, vigorous physical activity, and sedentary time. As compared to obese girls, those who were non-obese perceived greater enjoyment of physical activity, engaged in more light and vigorous physical activity, and had fewer minutes/hour of sedentary time. Findings can inform interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melodee L. Vanden Bosch
- Grand Valley State University, Kirkhof College of Nursing, 376 CHS, 301 Michigan St NE, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, . Phone: 616-331-5773. FAX: 616-331-2510
| | - Lorraine B. Robbins
- Michigan State University, College of Nursing, Bott Building for Nursing Education and Research, C-245, 1355 Bogue Street, East Lansing, MI, 48824.
| | - Karin A. Pfeiffer
- Michigan State University, Department of Kinesiology, College of Education, 27R IM Sports Circle, East Lansing, MI, 48824.
| | - Anamaria S. Kazanis
- Michigan State University, College of Nursing, Bott Building for Nursing Education and Research, 1355 Bogue Street, East Lansing, MI, 48824.
| | - Kimberly S. Maier
- Michigan State University, Measurement and Quantitative Methods Program, College of Education, 451 Erickson Hall, East Lansing, MI, 48824.
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23
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Graham DJ, Wall MM, Larson N, Neumark-Sztainer D. Multicontextual correlates of adolescent leisure-time physical activity. Am J Prev Med 2014; 46:605-16. [PMID: 24842737 PMCID: PMC4030467 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2014.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Revised: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescent moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) is influenced by many factors. MVPA-promotion interventions would fare better if these multiple determinants were better understood. PURPOSE To simultaneously assess overall and relative contributions of factors from personal, family, friend, school, and neighborhood contexts to adolescent MVPA. It was hypothesized that (1) key correlates would emerge in each context and (2) factors from more- versus less-proximal contexts would relate more strongly to MVPA. METHODS Students in grades 6-12 (n=2,793; mean age=14.4 [SD=2.0] years; 53% girls) were recruited from 20 Minnesota public schools in 2009-2010 to participate in the Eating and Activity in Teens 2010 study. Regression analyses conducted in 2013 examined factors related to weekly MVPA. Data were collected from adolescent participants, their parents and friends, school teachers and administrators, and GIS sources. RESULTS Fifty multicontextual factors explained 25% of MVPA variance for boys and 27% for girls. Personal factors (e.g., self-efficacy) were most predictive of MVPA, followed by social factors (e.g., support for PA); environmental factors (e.g., access to PA resources) were least predictive of adolescent PA. Gender differences emerged for several predictors (e.g., in mutually adjusted analyses, MVPA among girls, but not boys, related positively to distance to trails and MVPA among female friends and fathers, and related negatively to perceived barriers). CONCLUSIONS Stronger linkages exist between adolescent MVPA and more-proximal (personal, family, and friend) factors compared to more-distal (school and neighborhood) factors, suggesting the importance of working with adolescents, their families, and friends to promote PA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan J Graham
- School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota; Department of Psychology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado.
| | - Melanie M Wall
- Department of Biostatistics, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Nicole Larson
- School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
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24
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Stanley RM, Ridley K, Olds TS, Dollman J. Increasing specificity of correlate research: exploring correlates of children's lunchtime and after-school physical activity. PLoS One 2014; 9:e96460. [PMID: 24809440 PMCID: PMC4014506 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The lunchtime and after-school contexts are critical windows in a school day for children to be physically active. While numerous studies have investigated correlates of children’s habitual physical activity, few have explored correlates of physical activity occurring at lunchtime and after-school from a social-ecological perspective. Exploring correlates that influence physical activity occurring in specific contexts can potentially improve the prediction and understanding of physical activity. Using a context-specific approach, this study investigated correlates of children’s lunchtime and after-school physical activity. Methods Cross-sectional data were collected from 423 South Australian children aged 10.0–13.9 years (200 boys; 223 girls) attending 10 different schools. Lunchtime and after-school physical activity was assessed using accelerometers. Correlates were assessed using purposely developed context-specific questionnaires. Correlated Component Regression analysis was conducted to derive correlates of context-specific physical activity and determine the variance explained by prediction equations. Results The model of boys’ lunchtime physical activity contained 6 correlates and explained 25% of the variance. For girls, the model explained 17% variance from 9 correlates. Enjoyment of walking during lunchtime was the strongest correlate for both boys and girls. Boys’ and girls’ after-school physical activity models explained 20% variance from 14 correlates and 7% variance from the single item correlate, “I do an organised sport or activity after-school because it gets you fit”, respectively. Conclusions Increasing specificity of correlate research has enabled the identification of unique features of, and a more in-depth interpretation of, lunchtime and after-school physical activity behaviour and is a potential strategy for advancing the physical activity correlate research field. The findings of this study could be used to inform and tailor gender-specific public health messages and interventions for promoting lunchtime and after-school physical activity in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca M. Stanley
- Exercise for Health and Human Performance Group, School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Kate Ridley
- Sport, Health and Physical Education Group, School of Education, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Timothy S. Olds
- Health and Use of Time Group, School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - James Dollman
- Exercise for Health and Human Performance Group, School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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25
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Multilevel correlates of physical activity for early, mid, and late adolescent girls. J Phys Act Health 2013; 11:950-60. [PMID: 23676305 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2012-0192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We examined associations among multilevel variables and girls' physical activity to determine whether they vary at different adolescent ages. METHODS All field sites of the Trial of Activity for Adolescent Girls contributed participants from 6th (n = 1576) and 8th grades (n = 3085). The Maryland site contributed an 11th grade sample (n = 589). Questionnaires were used to obtain demographic and psychosocial information (individual- and social-level variables); height, weight, and triceps skinfold to assess body composition; interviews and surveys for school-level data; and geographical information systems and self-report for neighborhood-level variables. Moderate to vigorous physical activity minutes (MVPA) were assessed from accelerometers. Mixed models (13 individual, 5 social, 15 school, 12 neighborhood variables) were used to determine multilevel associations. RESULTS Variables at individual, social, school, and neighborhood levels were associated with MVPA, but differed across grades. Lower percent body fat, higher social support from friends, and lower school math scores were associated with higher MVPA at 6th and 8th grade. Higher physical activity self-efficacy was associated with higher MVPA at 11th grade. Only lower physical activity barriers were associated with higher MVPA at all grades. CONCLUSION MVPA is a complex behavior with fluid, multilevel correlates that differ among girls across middle and high school.
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26
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Impact of physical activity intervention programs on self-efficacy in youths: a systematic review. ISRN OBESITY 2013; 2013:586497. [PMID: 24555151 PMCID: PMC3901978 DOI: 10.1155/2013/586497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2012] [Accepted: 08/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Lack of physical activity has contributed to the nation's childhood obesity crisis, but the impact of physical activity on self-efficacy as a mediator of behavior change has not been examined. This systematic review (SR) describes the published evidence related to the impact of physical activity intervention programs on self-efficacy among youths. From January 2000 to June 2011, the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) standards were used to identify publications from PubMed, PsychInfo, Web of Knowledge, and the Cochran Database of Systematic Reviews. The Cochrane Population, Intervention, Control, Outcome, Study Design (PICOS) approach guided this SR articles selection and evaluation process. Of the 102 publications screened, 10 original studies matched the SR inclusion criteria. The types of physical activity interventions and self-efficacy assessments for these 10 studies were diverse. Of the 10 included articles, 6 articles identified an improvement in post-self-efficacy assessments compared to baseline and 4 showed no effect. In conclusion, physical activity intervention programs may improve self-efficacy in youths. A standardized approach to classify and measure self-efficacy is required. Further research is needed to quantify the association of self-efficacy ratings after completing physical activity interventions with objective health improvements, such as weight loss.
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Griffin K, Meaney K, Hart M. The Impact of a Mastery Motivational Climate on Obese and Overweight Children's Commitment to and Enjoyment of Physical Activity: A Pilot Study. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH EDUCATION 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/19325037.2012.749678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Tsang TW, Kohn MR, Chow CM, Singh MF. Self-Perception and Attitude Toward Physical Activity in Overweight/Obese Adolescents: The “Martial Fitness” Study. Res Sports Med 2013; 21:37-51. [DOI: 10.1080/15438627.2012.738444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tracey W. Tsang
- a Exercise, Health & Performance Faculty Research Group, Faculty of Health Science , The University of Sydney , Sydney , Australia
| | - Michael R. Kohn
- b Centre for Research into Adolescent's Health , The Sydney Children's Hospital Network and Westmead Hospital , Westmead , Australia
- c Brain Dynamics Centre, Westmead Millenium Institute for Medical Research and Sydney Medical School , The University of Sydney , Sydney , Australia
| | - Chin Moi Chow
- a Exercise, Health & Performance Faculty Research Group, Faculty of Health Science , The University of Sydney , Sydney , Australia
| | - Maria Fiatarone Singh
- a Exercise, Health & Performance Faculty Research Group, Faculty of Health Science , The University of Sydney , Sydney , Australia
- d Hebrew SeniorLife , Boston , Massachusetts , USA
- e Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Center on Aging , Tufts University , Boston , Massachusetts , USA
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Gråstén A, Jaakkola T, Liukkonen J, Watt A, Yli-Piipari S. Prediction of enjoyment in school physical education. J Sports Sci Med 2012; 11:260-269. [PMID: 24149199 PMCID: PMC3737880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2011] [Accepted: 02/18/2012] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The specific aim of this study was to examine whether motivational climate, perceived physical competence, and exercise motivation predict enjoyment in school physical education within the same sample of adolescents across three years of secondary school. A sample of 639 students (girls = 296, boys = 343) aged between 13- to 15-years at the commencement of the study completed the Intrinsic Motivation Climate in Physical Education Questionnaire, Physical Self-Perception Profile, Physical Education Motivation Scale, and Physical Education Enjoyment Scale. Results derived from path analyses indicated that task-involving motivational climate predicted enjoyment in physical education via perceived physical competence and intrinsic motivation in both girls and boys. In particular, these results supported previous findings of Vallerand et. al (1997) with the self-determination theory and the achievement goal theory. Ego-involving climate was not a significant predictor either in girls or boys. The current results provide continuing support for the investigation of Vallerand's model in the physical education setting, and highlight that motivational climate is an area that requires further evaluation as a contributing factor in the improvement of physical education teaching. A better understanding of the role of motivational climate may assist efforts to promote children's and adolescents' perceived physical competence, intrinsic motivation, and enjoyment in the school physical education setting. Key pointsThe findings of the current study support existing suggestions of Vallerand's (1997) model in which social factors mediated by a psychological mediator, and exercise motivation are related to positive consequences in the PE context.Task-involving motivational climate predicted PE enjoyment via perceived physical competence and intrinsic motivation with both girls and boys. Task-involving motivational climate in PE lessons at Grade 7 had a strong association with PE enjoyment via perceived physical competence and intrinsic motivation at Grade 9 for both girls and boys.Ego-involving climate did not fit either the data for the girls or boys, as PE lessons based on ego-involving motivational climate did not significantly influence on the level of PE enjoyment.The results of the current study and previous practical findings support task-involving teaching methods to promote adolescent's PE enjoyment through secondary school years. School PE could be most effective if based on task-involving motivational climate, in which the main objective is increasing students' perceived physical competence, intrinsic motivation, and enjoyment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arto Gråstén
- Department of Sport Sciences, University of Jyvaskyla , Finland
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Cairney J, Kwan MYW, Velduizen S, Hay J, Bray SR, Faught BE. Gender, perceived competence and the enjoyment of physical education in children: a longitudinal examination. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2012; 9:26. [PMID: 22394618 PMCID: PMC3310805 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5868-9-26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2011] [Accepted: 03/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The current study examined associations between gender, perceived athletic competence, and enjoyment of physical education (PE) class over time in a cohort of children enrolled in grade four (ages 9 or 10) at baseline (n = 2262). METHODS We assessed each student 5 times over a period of 2 years. We used mixed effects modeling to examine change over time in enjoyment of PE. RESULTS Enjoyment of PE declined among girls but remained constant among boys. Higher levels of perceived competence were associated with higher PE enjoyment. A 3-way interaction between gender, competence, and time revealed that PE enjoyment was lowest and declined most markedly among girls with low perceived athletic competence. Among boys with low competence, enjoyment remained at a consistently low level. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that lower perceived athletic competence is associated with low enjoyment of PE, and, among girls, with declining enjoyment. Findings suggest that interventions in a PE context that target perceived competence should be considered in future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Cairney
- Department of Family Medicine, McMaster University, 175 Longwood Road South, Suite 201A, Hamilton, ON L8P 0A1, Canada
- Centre for Addiction & Mental Health, 33 Russell St, Toronto, ON M5S 2S1, Canada
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S4L8, USA
| | - Matthew YW Kwan
- Department of Family Medicine, McMaster University, 175 Longwood Road South, Suite 201A, Hamilton, ON L8P 0A1, Canada
| | - Scott Velduizen
- Centre for Addiction & Mental Health, 33 Russell St, Toronto, ON M5S 2S1, Canada
| | - John Hay
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Brock University, 500 Glenridge Ave, St., Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Steven R Bray
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S4L8, USA
| | - Brent E Faught
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Brock University, 500 Glenridge Ave, St., Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada
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Jenkinson KA, Naughton G, Benson AC. The GLAMA (Girls! Lead! Achieve! Mentor! Activate!) physical activity and peer leadership intervention pilot project: a process evaluation using the RE-AIM framework. BMC Public Health 2012; 12:55. [PMID: 22260195 PMCID: PMC3293770 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-12-55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2011] [Accepted: 01/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Implementing new initiatives and physical activity interventions in schools represents a myriad of challenges that if overcome can potentially facilitate a range of behavioural changes. The aim of this paper is to describe the process evaluation of specific design constructs used in the GLAMA (Girls! Lead! Achieve! Mentor! Activate!) peer leadership and physical activity pilot project. Conducted in a state secondary school in Australia, the intervention was designed to provide students with opportunities to develop leadership skills, school and social connectedness in addition to a range of physical activity experiences. Methods This process evaluation used the RE-AIM (Reach, Efficacy, Adoption, Implementation and Maintenance) health promotion evaluation framework to assess three design constructs of the intervention: the effectiveness of leadership training and leader preparedness, activity suitability and participation, and the barriers to implementation of the intervention and potential solutions to overcome these barriers. As it was not the specific aim of this pilot, no behavioural change data were collected from students. Data were collected using a mixed methods approach including student questionnaires, teachers and researchers reporting on their own observations and feedback from students. Results There were three main considerations evident across more than one RE-AIM dimension that need to be addressed to assist with future GLAMA dissemination. Firstly, the development of teacher, school and student participation. This needs to be through a variety of professional development opportunities for teachers, integration of the program within timetabled classes within the school and promoting the program to students as an opportunity to develop a range of skills to apply to future learning and workplace environments. Secondly, the successful translation of leadership training to practice is necessary to ensure that leaders are effectively able to motivate, facilitate and activate their teams. Finally, the need for consistent activity implementation requires sequential, competitive elements, purposeful team selection and clearly defined scoring and time periods for team 'challenges'. Conclusions Factors that have the greatest impact on intervention success are those that come from within the school setting including: the structure of the curriculum, pressure to meet curriculum and assessment content, lack of support for new initiatives, multiple programs already running within the school, time allowances for teachers, appropriate training for teachers, and support for students to participate. These barriers need to be considered when developing all secondary school interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate A Jenkinson
- School of Medical Sciences, Discipline of Exercise Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia.
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Van Zant RS, Toney J. Negative correlation between body mass index category and physical activity perceptions in children. Physiother Theory Pract 2011; 28:529-34. [DOI: 10.3109/09593985.2011.639851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Davison KK, Schmalz DL, Downs DS. Hop, skip... no! Explaining adolescent girls' disinclination for physical activity. Ann Behav Med 2010; 39:290-302. [PMID: 20393818 PMCID: PMC5542820 DOI: 10.1007/s12160-010-9180-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to develop and validate the Girls' Disinclination for Physical Activity Scale (G-DAS)and implement the scale along with an objective measure of physical activity (PA) in a longitudinal sample of adolescent girls. METHODS Participants were non-Hispanic White girls who were assessed at ages 13 years (n=151) and 15 years (n=98). Girls completed the G-DAS and the Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale and wore an accelerometer for 7 days. RESULTS Results supported a five-factor solution for the GDAS;factors represented reasons for disliking PA including low perceived competence, lack of opportunities, high perceived exertion, concern about physical appearance,and threats to girls' gender identity. Data supported the reliability and validity of the G-DAS. Low perceived competence was the most common reason girls reported disliking PA and predicted a decreased likelihood of maintaining sufficient PA across ages 13 to 15 years. CONCLUSION Developing PA-related skills prior to adolescence may reduce declines in adolescent girls' PA.
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