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Shang T, Zhang C, Liu D. Drug disposition in cholestasis: An important concern. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2024; 12:e1220. [PMID: 38899589 PMCID: PMC11187734 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.1220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Cholestasis, a chronic liver condition, disrupts bile acid homeostasis and complicates drug disposition, posing significant challenges in medicating cholestatic patients. Drug metabolism enzymes and transporters (DMETs) are pivotal in drug clearance. Research indicates that cholestasis leads to alterations in both hepatic and extrahepatic DMETs, with changes in expression and function documented in rodents and humans. This review synthesizes the modifications in key drug disposition components within cholestasis, focusing on cytochrome P450 (CYP450), drug transporters, and their substrates. Additionally, we briefly discuss certain drugs that have demonstrated efficacy in restoring DMET expression in cholestatic conditions. Ultimately, these insights necessitate a reevaluation of drug selection and dosing guidelines for patients with cholestasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianze Shang
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Chengliang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Dong Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
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2
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Majtan T, Olsen T, Sokolova J, Krijt J, Křížková M, Ida T, Ditrói T, Hansikova H, Vit O, Petrak J, Kuchař L, Kruger WD, Nagy P, Akaike T, Kožich V. Deciphering pathophysiological mechanisms underlying cystathionine beta-synthase-deficient homocystinuria using targeted metabolomics, liver proteomics, sphingolipidomics and analysis of mitochondrial function. Redox Biol 2024; 73:103222. [PMID: 38843767 PMCID: PMC11190558 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cystathionine β-synthase (CBS)-deficient homocystinuria (HCU) is an inherited disorder of sulfur amino acid metabolism with varying severity and organ complications, and a limited knowledge about underlying pathophysiological processes. Here we aimed at getting an in-depth insight into disease mechanisms using a transgenic mouse model of HCU (I278T). METHODS We assessed metabolic, proteomic and sphingolipidomic changes, and mitochondrial function in tissues and body fluids of I278T mice and WT controls. Furthermore, we evaluated the efficacy of methionine-restricted diet (MRD) in I278T mice. RESULTS In WT mice, we observed a distinct tissue/body fluid compartmentalization of metabolites with up to six-orders of magnitude differences in concentrations among various organs. The I278T mice exhibited the anticipated metabolic imbalance with signs of an increased production of hydrogen sulfide and disturbed persulfidation of free aminothiols. HCU resulted in a significant dysregulation of liver proteome affecting biological oxidations, conjugation of compounds, and metabolism of amino acids, vitamins, cofactors and lipids. Liver sphingolipidomics indicated upregulation of the pro-proliferative sphingosine-1-phosphate signaling pathway. Liver mitochondrial function of HCU mice did not seem to be impaired compared to controls. MRD in I278T mice improved metabolic balance in all tissues and substantially reduced dysregulation of liver proteome. CONCLUSION The study highlights distinct tissue compartmentalization of sulfur-related metabolites in normal mice, extensive metabolome, proteome and sphingolipidome disruptions in I278T mice, and the efficacy of MRD to alleviate some of the HCU-related biochemical abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Majtan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Fribourg, Faculty of Science and Medicine, Fribourg, 1700, Switzerland.
| | - Thomas Olsen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jitka Sokolova
- Department of Pediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Charles University-First Faculty of Medicine, Prague, 12808, Czech Republic; Department of Pediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, 12808, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Krijt
- Department of Pediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Charles University-First Faculty of Medicine, Prague, 12808, Czech Republic; Department of Pediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, 12808, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Křížková
- Department of Pediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Charles University-First Faculty of Medicine, Prague, 12808, Czech Republic; Department of Pediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, 12808, Czech Republic
| | - Tomoaki Ida
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Molecular Toxicology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Tamás Ditrói
- Department of Molecular Immunology and Toxicology and the National Tumor Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, 1122, Hungary
| | - Hana Hansikova
- Department of Pediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Charles University-First Faculty of Medicine, Prague, 12808, Czech Republic; Department of Pediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, 12808, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Vit
- BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 252 50, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Petrak
- BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 252 50, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Ladislav Kuchař
- Department of Pediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Charles University-First Faculty of Medicine, Prague, 12808, Czech Republic; Department of Pediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, 12808, Czech Republic
| | - Warren D Kruger
- Cancer Signaling and Microenvironment Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Péter Nagy
- Department of Molecular Immunology and Toxicology and the National Tumor Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, 1122, Hungary; Department of Anatomy and Histology, HUN-REN-UVMB Laboratory of Redox Biology Research Group, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1078, Budapest, Hungary; Chemistry Institute, University of Debrecen, 4012, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Takaaki Akaike
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Molecular Toxicology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Viktor Kožich
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Pediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Charles University-First Faculty of Medicine, Prague, 12808, Czech Republic.
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Dos Santos BP, Birk L, Schwarz P, Sebben VC, Sgaravatti ÂM, de Gouveia GC, Silva Petry AU, de Menezes FP, Gonzaga AP, Schlickmann PF, Arbo MD, de Oliveira TF, Eller S. A validated dilute-and-shoot LC-MS-MS urine screening for the analysis of 95 illicit drugs and medicines: Insights from clinical and forensic Brazilian cases. J Anal Toxicol 2024; 48:314-331. [PMID: 38334744 DOI: 10.1093/jat/bkae005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Urine toxicological analysis is a relevant tool in both clinical and forensic scenarios, enabling the diagnosis of acute poisonings, elucidation of deaths, verification of substance use in the workplace and identification of drug-facilitated crimes. For these analyses, the dilute-and-shoot technique associated with liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS) is a promising alternative since it has demonstrated satisfactory results and broad applicability. This study developed and validated a comprehensive LC-MS-MS screening method to analyze 95 illicit drugs and medicines in urine samples and application to clinical and forensic Brazilian cases. The dilute-and-shoot protocol was defined through multivariate optimization studies and was set using 100 µL of sample and 300 µL of solvent. The total chromatographic run time was 7.5 min. The method was validated following the recommendations of the ANSI/ASB Standard 036 Guideline. The lower limits of quantification varied from 20 to 100 ng/mL. Within-run and between-run precision coefficient of variations% were <20%, and bias was within ± 20%. Only 4 of the 95 analytes presented significant ionization suppression or enhancement (>25%). As proof of applicability, 839 urine samples from in vivo and postmortem cases were analyzed. In total, 90.9% of the analyzed samples were positive for at least one substance, and 78 of the 95 analytes were detected. The most prevalent substances were lidocaine (40.2%), acetaminophen (38.0%) and benzoylecgonine (31.5%). The developed method proved to be an efficient and simplified alternative for analyzing 95 therapeutic and illicit drugs in urine samples. Additionally, the results obtained from sample analysis are essential for understanding the profile of Brazilian substance use, serving as a valuable database for the promotion of health and safety public policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Pereira Dos Santos
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS 90050-170, Brazil
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 90010-150, Brazil
| | - Letícia Birk
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Schwarz
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS 90050-170, Brazil
| | | | - Ângela Malysz Sgaravatti
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS 90050-170, Brazil
- General Institute of Expertise of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 90230-010, Brazil
| | - Giovanna Cristiano de Gouveia
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Adriana Ubirajara Silva Petry
- Graduate Program in Pathology, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS 90050-170, Brazil
- Division of Postmortem Inspection, Associação Hospitalar Vila Nova, Porto Alegre, RS 91750-040, Brazil
| | - Francisco Paz de Menezes
- Division of Postmortem Inspection, Associação Hospitalar Vila Nova, Porto Alegre, RS 91750-040, Brazil
| | - Alexsandro Pinto Gonzaga
- Division of Postmortem Inspection, Associação Hospitalar Vila Nova, Porto Alegre, RS 91750-040, Brazil
| | - Paula Flores Schlickmann
- Division of Postmortem Inspection, Associação Hospitalar Vila Nova, Porto Alegre, RS 91750-040, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Dutra Arbo
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 90010-150, Brazil
| | - Tiago Franco de Oliveira
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Sarah Eller
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS 90050-170, Brazil
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Nahar L, Chaiwut P, Sangthong S, Theansungnoen T, Sarker SD. Progress in the analysis of phytocannabinoids by HPLC and UPLC (or UHPLC) during 2020-2023. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2024. [PMID: 38837522 DOI: 10.1002/pca.3374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Organic molecules that bind to cannabinoid receptors are known as cannabinoids. These molecules possess pharmacological properties similar to those produced by Cannabis sativa L. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC, also known as ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography, UHPLC) have become the most widely used analytical tools for detection and quantification of phytocannabinoids in various matrices. HPLC and UPLC (or UHPLC) are usually coupled to an ultraviolet (UV), photodiode array (PDA), or mass spectrometric (MS) detector. OBJECTIVE To critically appraise the literature on the application of HPLC and UPLC (or UHPLC) methods for the analysis of phytocannabinoids published from January 2020 to December 2023. METHODOLOGY An extensive literature search was conducted using Web of Science, PubMed, and Google Scholar and published materials including relevant books. In various combinations, using cannabinoid in all combinations, cannabis, hemp, hashish, C. sativa, marijuana, analysis, HPLC, UHPLC, UPLC, and quantitative, qualitative, and quality control were used as the keywords for the literature search. RESULTS Several HPLC- and UPLC (or UHPLC)-based methods for the analysis of phytocannabinoids were reported. While simple HPLC-UV or HPLC-PDA-based methods were common, the use of HPLC-MS, HPLC-MS/MS, UPLC (or UHPLC)-PDA, UPLC (or UHPLC)-MS, and UPLC (or UHPLC)-MS/MS was also reported. Applications of mathematical and computational models for optimization of protocols were noted. Pre-analyses included various environmentally friendly extraction protocols. CONCLUSION During the last 4 years, HPLC and UPLC (or UHPLC) remained the main analytical tools for phytocannabinoid analysis in different matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lutfun Nahar
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Phanuphong Chaiwut
- Green Cosmetic Technology Research Group, School of Cosmetic Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
| | - Sarita Sangthong
- Green Cosmetic Technology Research Group, School of Cosmetic Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
| | - Tinnakorn Theansungnoen
- Green Cosmetic Technology Research Group, School of Cosmetic Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
| | - Satyajit D Sarker
- Centre for Natural Products Discovery, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
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Jones AW. Brief history of the alcohol biomarkers CDT, EtG, EtS, 5-HTOL, and PEth. Drug Test Anal 2024; 16:570-587. [PMID: 37806783 DOI: 10.1002/dta.3584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
This article traces the historical development of various biomarkers of acute and/or chronic alcohol consumption. Much of the research in this domain of clinical and laboratory medicine arose from clinics and laboratories in Sweden, as exemplified by carbohydrate deficient transferrin (CDT) and phosphatidylethanol (PEth). Extensive studies of other alcohol biomarkers, such as ethyl glucuronide (EtG), ethyl sulfate (EtS), and 5-hydroxytryptophol (5-HTOL), also derive from Sweden. The most obvious test of recent drinking is identification of ethanol in a sample of the person's blood, breath, or urine. However, because of continuous metabolism in the liver, ethanol is eliminated from the blood at a rate of 0.15 g/L/h (range 0.1-0.3 g/L/h), so obtaining positive results is not always possible. The widow of detection is increased by analysis of ethanol's non-oxidative metabolites (EtG and EtS), which are more slowly eliminated from the bloodstream. Likewise, an elevated ratio of serotonin metabolites in urine (5-HTOL/5-HIAA) can help to disclose recent drinking after ethanol is no longer measurable in body fluids. A highly specific biomarker of hazardous drinking is CDT, a serum glycoprotein (transferrin), with a deficiency in its N-linked glycosylation. Another widely acclaimed biomarker is PEth, an abnormal phospholipid synthesized in cell membranes when people drink excessively, having a long elimination half-life (median ~6 days) during abstinence. Research on the subject of alcohol biomarkers has increased appreciably and is now an important area of drug testing and analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Wayne Jones
- Division of Clinical Chemistry and Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Linköping, Linköping, Sweden
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6
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Gopalakrishna R, Aguilar J, Oh A, Lee E, Hou L, Lee T, Xu E, Nguyen J, Mack WJ. Resveratrol and its metabolites elicit neuroprotection via high-affinity binding to the laminin receptor at low nanomolar concentrations. FEBS Lett 2024; 598:995-1007. [PMID: 38413095 PMCID: PMC11087200 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Resveratrol prevents various neurodegenerative diseases in animal models despite reaching only low nanomolar concentrations in the brain after oral administration. In this study, based on the quenching of intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence and molecular docking, we found that trans-resveratrol, its conjugates (glucuronide and sulfate), and dihydro-resveratrol (intestinal microbial metabolite) bind with high affinities (Kd, 0.2-2 nm) to the peptide G palindromic sequence (near glycosaminoglycan-binding motif) of the 67-kDa laminin receptor (67LR). Preconditioning with low concentrations (0.01-10 nm) of these polyphenols, especially resveratrol-glucuronide, protected neuronal cells from death induced by serum withdrawal via activation of cAMP-mediated signaling pathways. This protection was prevented by a 67LR-blocking antibody, suggesting a role for this cell-surface receptor in neuroprotection by resveratrol metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayudu Gopalakrishna
- Department of Integrative Anatomical Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Jennifer Aguilar
- Department of Integrative Anatomical Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Andrew Oh
- Department of Integrative Anatomical Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Emily Lee
- Department of Integrative Anatomical Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Lucas Hou
- Department of Integrative Anatomical Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Tammy Lee
- Department of Integrative Anatomical Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Eric Xu
- Department of Integrative Anatomical Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - James Nguyen
- Department of Integrative Anatomical Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - William J. Mack
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
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7
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Chi ZH, Liu L, Zheng J, Tian L, Chevrier J, Bornman R, Obida M, Goodyer CG, Hales BF, Bayen S. Biomonitoring of bisphenol A (BPA) and bisphenol analogues in human milk from South Africa and Canada using a modified QuEChERS extraction method. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 348:123730. [PMID: 38458524 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
A sensitive modified QuEChERS extraction method was developed to assess the levels of free and conjugated bisphenols (BPs) in human milk collected between 2018 and 2019 from two regions of South Africa (the Limpopo Province Vhembe district, n = 194; Pretoria, n = 193) and Canada (Montreal, n = 207). Total BPA (free and conjugated) and BPS were the predominant bisphenols detected in samples from Vhembe and Pretoria, whereas total BPS was the predominant bisphenol detected in Montreal samples. The levels of total BPA in samples from Vhembe and Pretoria ranged between < MDL-18.61 and
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Hao Chi
- Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Lan Liu
- Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jingyun Zheng
- Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Lei Tian
- Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jonathan Chevrier
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Barbara F Hales
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Stéphane Bayen
- Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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Rosay T, Jimenez AG, Sperandio V. Glucuronic acid confers colonization advantage to enteric pathogens. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2400226121. [PMID: 38502690 PMCID: PMC10990124 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2400226121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Glucuronidation is a detoxification process to eliminate endo- and xeno-biotics and neurotransmitters from the host circulation. Glucuronosyltransferase binds these compounds to glucuronic acid (GlcA), deactivating them and allowing their elimination through the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. However, the microbiota produces β-glucuronidases that release GlcA and reactivate these compounds. Enteric pathogens such as enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) and Citrobacter rodentium sense and utilize galacturonic acid (GalA), an isomer of GlcA, to outcompete the microbiota promoting gut colonization. However, the role of GlcA in pathogen colonization has not been explored. Here, we show that treatment of mice with a microbial β-glucuronidase inhibitor (GUSi) decreased C. rodentium's colonization of the GI tract, without modulating bacterial virulence or host inflammation. Metagenomic studies indicated that GUSi did not change the composition of the intestinal microbiota in these animals. GlcA confers an advantage for pathogen expansion through its utilization as a carbon source. Congruently mutants unable to catabolize GlcA depict lower GI colonization compared to wild type and are not sensitive to GUSi. Germfree mice colonized with a commensal E. coli deficient for β-glucuronidase production led to a decrease of C. rodentium tissue colonization, compared to animals monocolonized with an E. coli proficient for production of this enzyme. GlcA is not sensed as a signal and doesn't activate virulence expression but is used as a metabolite. Because pathogens can use GlcA to promote their colonization, inhibitors of microbial β-glucuronidases could be a unique therapeutic against enteric infections without disturbing the host or microbiota physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibaut Rosay
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI53706
- Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390
| | - Angel G. Jimenez
- Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390
| | - Vanessa Sperandio
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI53706
- Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390
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Lin WY. Searching for gene-gene interactions through variance quantitative trait loci of 29 continuous Taiwan Biobank phenotypes. Front Genet 2024; 15:1357238. [PMID: 38516378 PMCID: PMC10956579 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2024.1357238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: After the era of genome-wide association studies (GWAS), thousands of genetic variants have been identified to exhibit main effects on human phenotypes. The next critical issue would be to explore the interplay between genes, the so-called "gene-gene interactions" (GxG) or epistasis. An exhaustive search for all single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) pairs is not recommended because this will induce a harsh penalty of multiple testing. Limiting the search of epistasis on SNPs reported by previous GWAS may miss essential interactions between SNPs without significant marginal effects. Moreover, most methods are computationally intensive and can be challenging to implement genome-wide. Methods: I here searched for GxG through variance quantitative trait loci (vQTLs) of 29 continuous Taiwan Biobank (TWB) phenotypes. A discovery cohort of 86,536 and a replication cohort of 25,460 TWB individuals were analyzed, respectively. Results: A total of 18 nearly independent vQTLs with linkage disequilibrium measure r 2 < 0.01 were identified and replicated from nine phenotypes. 15 significant GxG were found with p-values <1.1E-5 (in the discovery cohort) and false discovery rates <2% (in the replication cohort). Among these 15 GxG, 11 were detected for blood traits including red blood cells, hemoglobin, and hematocrit; 2 for total bilirubin; 1 for fasting glucose; and 1 for total cholesterol (TCHO). All GxG were observed for gene pairs on the same chromosome, except for the APOA5 (chromosome 11)-TOMM40 (chromosome 19) interaction for TCHO. Discussion: This study provided a computationally feasible way to search for GxG genome-wide and applied this approach to 29 phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Yu Lin
- Institute of Health Data Analytics and Statistics, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Master of Public Health Degree Program, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Dai J, Chen T, Meng R, Jardi F, Kourula S, Pham L, De Jonghe S, De Smedt A, Frisk AL, Xie J. Species differences in small intestinal exposure-related epithelial vacuolation in rats and dogs treated with a heteroaryldihydropyrimidine molecule. J Appl Toxicol 2024; 44:400-414. [PMID: 37814191 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Small intestinal epithelial vacuolation induced by a heteroaryldihydropyrimidine compound (HAP-1) was observed in rats but not in dogs at termination in screening toxicity studies, despite the plasma exposure being higher in dogs. To understand the species differences, investigational studies with multiple time points following single dose (SD) and 7-day repeated dose (RD) were conducted in both species at doses resulting in comparable plasma exposures. In rats, epithelial vacuolation in the duodenum and jejunum were observed at all time points. In dogs, transient vacuolation was noted at 8 h post-SD (SD_8h) and 4 h post-RD (RD_4 h), but not at termination (RD_24 h). Special stains demonstrated lipid accumulation within enterocytes in both species and intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies in rats. Transmission electron microscopy identified these inclusion bodies as endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membranous structures. Transcriptomic analysis on jejunal mucosa at SD_8 h and RD_24 h revealed perturbations of lipid metabolism-related genes at SD_8 h in both species, but not at RD_24 h in dogs. ER stress-related gene changes at both time points were observed in rats only. Despite comparable HAP-1 plasma exposures, the duodenum and jejunum tissue concentrations of HAP-1 and acyl glucuronide metabolite were >5- and >30-fold higher in rats than in dogs, respectively. In vitro, similar cytotoxicity was observed in rat and dog duodenal organoids treated with HAP-1. In conclusion, HAP-1-induced intestinal epithelial vacuolation was related to lipid metabolism dysregulation in both species and ER-related injuries in rats only. The species differences were likely related to the difference in intestinal exposure to HAP-1 and its reactive metabolite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieyu Dai
- Preclinical Sciences and Translational Safety (PSTS), Janssen R&D, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Preclinical Sciences and Translational Safety (PSTS), Janssen R&D, Shanghai, China
| | - Ryan Meng
- Preclinical Sciences and Translational Safety (PSTS), Janssen R&D, Shanghai, China
| | | | | | - Ly Pham
- PSTS, Janssen Pharmaceuticals Inc., Spring House, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | | | | | - Jianxun Xie
- Preclinical Sciences and Translational Safety (PSTS), Janssen R&D, Shanghai, China
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11
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Maximiano I, Henriques C, Teixeira RG, Marques F, Valente A, Antunes AMM. Lead to hit ruthenium-cyclopentadienyl anticancer compounds: Cytotoxicity against breast cancer cells, metabolic stability and metabolite profiling. J Inorg Biochem 2024; 251:112436. [PMID: 38016328 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2023.112436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
The successful choice of hit compounds during drug development programs involves the integration of structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies with pharmacokinetic determinations, including metabolic stability assays and metabolite profiling. A panel of nine ruthenium-cyclopentadienyl (RuCp) compounds with the general formula [Ru(η5-C5H4R)(PPh3)(bipyR')]+ (with R = H, CHO, CH2OH; R' = H, CH3, CH2OH, CH2Biotin) has been tested against hormone-dependent MCF-7 and triple negative MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. In general, all compounds showed important cytotoxicity against both cancer cell lines and were able to inhibit the formation of MDA-MB-231 colonies in a dose-dependent manner, while showing selectivity for cancer cells over normal fibroblasts. Among them, four compounds stood out as lead structures to be further studied. Cell distribution assays revealed their preference for the accumulation at cell membrane (Ru quantification by ICP-MS) and the mechanism of cell death seemed to be mediated by apoptosis. Potential structural liabilities of lead compounds were subsequently flagged upon in vitro metabolic stability assays and metabolite profiling. The implementation of this integrated strategy led to the selection of RT151 as a promising hit compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Maximiano
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences and Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, Lisboa 1749-016, Portugal; Centro de Química Estrutural (CQE), Institute of Molecular Sciences, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior Técnico (IST), Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa 1049-001, Portugal
| | - Catarina Henriques
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences and Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, Lisboa 1749-016, Portugal; Centro de Química Estrutural (CQE), Institute of Molecular Sciences, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior Técnico (IST), Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa 1049-001, Portugal
| | - Ricardo G Teixeira
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences and Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, Lisboa 1749-016, Portugal
| | - Fernanda Marques
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares (C(2)TN) and Departamento de Engenharia e Ciências Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10, Bobadela LRS 2695-066, Portugal
| | - Andreia Valente
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences and Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, Lisboa 1749-016, Portugal.
| | - Alexandra M M Antunes
- Centro de Química Estrutural (CQE), Institute of Molecular Sciences, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior Técnico (IST), Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa 1049-001, Portugal.
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12
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Khalifa A, Palu R, Perkins AE, Volz A. Prenatal alcohol exposure alters expression of genes involved in cell adhesion, immune response, and toxin metabolism in adolescent rat hippocampus. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0293425. [PMID: 38271377 PMCID: PMC10810486 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0293425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) can result in mild to severe consequences for children throughout their lives, with this range of symptoms referred to as Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD). These consequences are thought to be linked to changes in gene expression and transcriptional programming in the brain, but the identity of those changes, and how they persist into adolescence are unclear. In this study, we isolated RNA from the hippocampus of adolescent rats exposed to ethanol during prenatal development and compared gene expression to controls. Briefly, dams were either given free access to standard chow ad libitum (AD), pair-fed a liquid diet (PF) or were given a liquid diet with ethanol (6.7% ethanol, ET) throughout gestation (gestational day (GD) 0-20). All dams were given control diet ad libitum beginning on GD 20 and throughout parturition and lactation. Hippocampal tissue was collected from adolescent male and female offspring (postnatal day (PD) 35-36). Exposure to ethanol caused widespread downregulation of many genes as compared to control rats. Gene ontology analysis demonstrated that affected pathways included cell adhesion, toxin metabolism, and immune responses. Interestingly, these differences were not strongly affected by sex. Furthermore, these changes were consistent when comparing ethanol-exposed rats to pair-fed controls provided with a liquid diet and those fed ad libitum on a standard chow diet. We conclude from this study that changes in genetic architecture and the resulting neuronal connectivity after prenatal exposure to alcohol continue through adolescent development. Further research into the consequences of specific gene expression changes on neural and behavioral changes will be vital to our understanding of the FASD spectrum of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal Khalifa
- Department of Computer Science, Purdue University Fort Wayne, Fort Wayne, IN, United States of America
| | - Rebecca Palu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University Fort Wayne, Fort Wayne, IN, United States of America
| | - Amy E. Perkins
- Department of Psychology, Purdue University Fort Wayne, Fort Wayne, IN, United States of America
| | - Avery Volz
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University Fort Wayne, Fort Wayne, IN, United States of America
- Department of Psychology, Purdue University Fort Wayne, Fort Wayne, IN, United States of America
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13
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Wang S, Ju D, Zeng X. Mechanisms and Clinical Implications of Human Gut Microbiota-Drug Interactions in the Precision Medicine Era. Biomedicines 2024; 12:194. [PMID: 38255298 PMCID: PMC10813426 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12010194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The human gut microbiota, comprising trillions of microorganisms residing in the gastrointestinal tract, has emerged as a pivotal player in modulating various aspects of human health and disease. Recent research has shed light on the intricate relationship between the gut microbiota and pharmaceuticals, uncovering profound implications for drug metabolism, efficacy, and safety. This review depicted the landscape of molecular mechanisms and clinical implications of dynamic human gut Microbiota-Drug Interactions (MDI), with an emphasis on the impact of MDI on drug responses and individual variations. This review also discussed the therapeutic potential of modulating the gut microbiota or harnessing its metabolic capabilities to optimize clinical treatments and advance personalized medicine, as well as the challenges and future directions in this emerging field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dianwen Ju
- Department of Biological Medicines & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China;
| | - Xian Zeng
- Department of Biological Medicines & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China;
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14
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Vink MA, Alarcan J, Martens J, Buma WJ, Braeuning A, Berden G, Oomens J. Structural Elucidation of Agrochemical Metabolic Transformation Products Based on Infrared Ion Spectroscopy to Improve In Silico Toxicity Assessment. Chem Res Toxicol 2024; 37:81-97. [PMID: 38118149 PMCID: PMC10792670 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.3c00316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Toxicological assessments of newly developed agrochemical agents consider chemical modifications and their metabolic and biotransformation products. To carry out an in silico hazard assessment, understanding the type of chemical modification and its location on the original compound can greatly enhance the reliability of the evaluation. Here, we present and apply a method based on liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) enhanced with infrared ion spectroscopy (IRIS) to better delineate the molecular structures of transformation products before in silico toxicology evaluation. IRIS facilitates the recording of IR spectra directly in the mass spectrometer for features selected by retention time and mass-to-charge ratio. By utilizing quantum-chemically predicted IR spectra for candidate molecular structures, one can either derive the actual structure or significantly reduce the number of (isomeric) candidate structures. This approach can assist in making informed decisions. We apply this method to a plant growth stimulant, digeraniol sinapoyl malate (DGSM), that is currently under development. Incubation of the compound in Caco-2 and HepaRG cell lines in multiwell plates and analysis by LC-MS reveals oxidation, glucuronidation, and sulfonation metabolic products, whose structures were elucidated by IRIS and used as input for an in silico toxicology assessment. The toxicity of isomeric metabolites predicted by in silico tools was also assessed, which revealed that assigning the right metabolite structure is an important step in the overall toxicity assessment of the agrochemical. We believe this identification approach can be advantageous when specific isomers are significantly more hazardous than others and can help better understand metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias
J. A. Vink
- Institute
for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Radboud University, Toernooiveld 7, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jimmy Alarcan
- Department
of Food Safety, German Federal Institute
for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jonathan Martens
- Institute
for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Radboud University, Toernooiveld 7, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Wybren Jan Buma
- Institute
for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Radboud University, Toernooiveld 7, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- van’t
Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University
of Amsterdam, Science
Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Albert Braeuning
- Department
of Food Safety, German Federal Institute
for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Giel Berden
- Institute
for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Radboud University, Toernooiveld 7, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jos Oomens
- Institute
for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Radboud University, Toernooiveld 7, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- van’t
Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University
of Amsterdam, Science
Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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15
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Wrobel SA, Bury D, Koslitz S, Hayen H, Koch HM, Brüning T, Käfferlein HU. Quantitative Metabolism and Urinary Elimination Kinetics of Seven Neonicotinoids and Neonicotinoid-Like Compounds in Humans. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:19285-19294. [PMID: 37939249 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c05040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Reverse dosimetry, i.e., calculating the dose of hazardous substances that has been taken up by humans based on measured analyte concentrations in spot urine samples, is critical for risk assessment and requires metabolic and kinetic data. We quantitatively studied the metabolism of seven major neonicotinoid and neonicotinoid-like compounds (NNIs) after single oral doses in male volunteers and determined key kinetic parameters and urinary elimination for NNIs together with their metabolites. Complete and consecutive urine samples were collected over 48 h. All samples were analyzed by tandem mass spectrometry, following liquid or gas chromatographic separation. Single- and group-specific NNI metabolites were quantified, i.e., hydroxylated and N-dealkylated NNIs and NNI-associated carboxylic acids and their glycine derivatives. Large, substance-dependent variations of key toxicokinetic parameters were observed. Mean times of concentration maxima (tmax) in urine varied between 2.0 (imidacloprid) and 25.8 h (N-desmethyl-clothianidin), whereas mean urinary elimination half-times (t1/2) were between 2.5 (acetamiprid) and 49.5 h (sulfoxaflor). Mean 48 h excretion fractions (Fue's) were between 0.03% (2-chloro-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxylic acid glycine) and 84% (clothianidin). In contrast, the interindividual differences of Fue's between the volunteers for each of the NNIs and their metabolites remained low (below a factor of 2 between the maximum and minimum derived Fue with the exception of 6-chloronicotinic acid in the acetamiprid dose study). The obtained quantitative data enabled choosing appropriate biomarkers for exposure assessment and, at the same time, for risk assessment by reverse dosimetry at current environmental exposures, i.e., comparing the calculated doses that have been taken up to currently available acceptable daily intakes of NNIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja A Wrobel
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance─Institute of the Ruhr-Universität Bochum (IPA), Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789 Bochum, Germany
| | - Daniel Bury
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance─Institute of the Ruhr-Universität Bochum (IPA), Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789 Bochum, Germany
| | - Stephan Koslitz
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance─Institute of the Ruhr-Universität Bochum (IPA), Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789 Bochum, Germany
| | - Heiko Hayen
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 48, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Holger M Koch
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance─Institute of the Ruhr-Universität Bochum (IPA), Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789 Bochum, Germany
| | - Thomas Brüning
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance─Institute of the Ruhr-Universität Bochum (IPA), Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789 Bochum, Germany
| | - Heiko U Käfferlein
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance─Institute of the Ruhr-Universität Bochum (IPA), Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789 Bochum, Germany
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16
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Visintin L, García Nicolás M, Vangeenderhuysen P, Goessens T, Alladio E, Pomian B, Vanhaecke L, De Saeger S, De Boevre M. Unraveling biomarkers of exposure for tenuazonic acid through urinary metabolomics. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 182:114183. [PMID: 37951345 PMCID: PMC10733712 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.114183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023]
Abstract
Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by fungi such as Aspergillus, Alternaria, and Penicillium, affecting nearly 80% of global food crops. Tenuazonic acid (TeA) is the major mycotoxin produced by Alternaria alternata, a prevalent pathogen affecting plants, fruits, and vegetables. TeA is notably prevalent in European diets, however, TeA biomarkers of exposure and metabolites remain unknown. This research aims to bridge this knowledge-gap by gaining insights about human TeA exposure and metabolization. Nine subjects were divided into two groups. The first group received a single bolus of TeA at the Threshold of Toxicological Concern (TTC) to investigate the presence of TeA urinary biomarkers, while the second group served as a control. Sixty-nine urinary samples were prepared and analyzed using UPLC-Xevo TQ-XS for TeA quantification and UPLC-Orbitrap Exploris for polar metabolome acquisition. TeA was rapidly excreted during the first 13 h and the fraction extracted was 0.39 ± 0.22. The polar metabolome compounds effectively discriminating the two groups were filtered using Orthogonal Partial Least Squares-Discriminant Analysis and subsequently annotated (n = 122) at confidence level 4. Finally, the urinary metabolome was compared to in silico predicted TeA metabolites. Nine metabolites, including oxidized, N-alkylated, desaturated, glucuronidated, and sulfonated forms of TeA were detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lia Visintin
- Centre of Excellence in Mycotoxicology and Public Health, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - María García Nicolás
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Regional Campus of International Excellence Campus Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, E-30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Pablo Vangeenderhuysen
- Laboratory of Integrative Metabolomics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, B-9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Tess Goessens
- Centre of Excellence in Mycotoxicology and Public Health, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Eugenio Alladio
- Regional Anti-doping and Toxicological Centre, 10043, Orbassano, Italy; Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Beata Pomian
- Laboratory of Integrative Metabolomics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, B-9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Lynn Vanhaecke
- Laboratory of Integrative Metabolomics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, B-9820, Merelbeke, Belgium; Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University, BT9 5DL, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah De Saeger
- Centre of Excellence in Mycotoxicology and Public Health, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein Campus, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Marthe De Boevre
- Centre of Excellence in Mycotoxicology and Public Health, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium.
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17
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Pepe M, Hesami M, de la Cerda KA, Perreault ML, Hsiang T, Jones AMP. A journey with psychedelic mushrooms: From historical relevance to biology, cultivation, medicinal uses, biotechnology, and beyond. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 69:108247. [PMID: 37659744 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
Psychedelic mushrooms containing psilocybin and related tryptamines have long been used for ethnomycological purposes, but emerging evidence points to the potential therapeutic value of these mushrooms to address modern neurological, psychiatric health, and related disorders. As a result, psilocybin containing mushrooms represent a re-emerging frontier for mycological, biochemical, neuroscience, and pharmacology research. This work presents crucial information related to traditional use of psychedelic mushrooms, as well as research trends and knowledge gaps related to their diversity and distribution, technologies for quantification of tryptamines and other tryptophan-derived metabolites, as well as biosynthetic mechanisms for their production within mushrooms. In addition, we explore the current state of knowledge for how psilocybin and related tryptamines are metabolized in humans and their pharmacological effects, including beneficial and hazardous human health implications. Finally, we describe opportunities and challenges for investigating the production of psychedelic mushrooms and metabolic engineering approaches to alter secondary metabolite profiles using biotechnology integrated with machine learning. Ultimately, this critical review of all aspects related to psychedelic mushrooms represents a roadmap for future research efforts that will pave the way to new applications and refined protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Pepe
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Guelph, Canada
| | - Mohsen Hesami
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Guelph, Canada
| | - Karla A de la Cerda
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Guelph, Canada
| | - Melissa L Perreault
- Departments of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tom Hsiang
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Guelph, Canada
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18
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Kostrubsky V, Liu Y, Muste C, Gu C, Kirkland M, Nishimura N, Hasegawa K, Hasumi K, Yuan L. Preclinical safety, toxicokinetics and metabolism of BIIB131, a novel prothrombolytic agent for acute stroke. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2023; 145:105498. [PMID: 37778433 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2023.105498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
BIIB131, a small molecule, is currently in Phase 2 for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke. Safety and metabolism of BIIB131 were evaluated following intravenous administration to rats and monkeys. Exposure increased dose-proportionally in rats up to 60 mg/kg and more than dose-proportionally in monkeys at greater than 10 mg/kg accompanied by prolonged half-life and safety findings. The BIIB131 was poorly metabolized in microsomes with no inhibition of CYPs. BIIB131-glucuronide, formed by UGT1A1, accounted for 21.5% metabolism in human hepatocytes and 28-40% in rat bile. In rats, excretion was primarily via the bile. BIIB131 inhibited the hERG and Nav1.5 cardiac channels by 39% but showed no effect on cardiovascular parameters in monkeys. Toxicology findings were limited to reversable hematuria, changes in urinary parameters and local effects. A MTD of 30 mg/kg was established in monkeys, the most sensitive species, at total plasma Cmax and AUC of 6- and 14-fold, respectively, greater than the NOAEL. The Phase 1 study started with intravenous 0.05 mg/kg and ascended to 6.0 mg/kg which corresponded to safety margins of 147- to 0.9-fold (for Cmax) within the linear drug exposure. Thus, the preclinical profile of BIIB131 has been appropriately characterized and supports its further clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vick Kostrubsky
- Nonclinical Safety Science, Biogen, Inc., 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.
| | - Ying Liu
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Biogen, Inc., 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Cathy Muste
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Biogen, Inc., 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Chungang Gu
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Biogen, Inc., 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Melissa Kirkland
- Nonclinical Safety Science, Biogen, Inc., 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Naoko Nishimura
- Division of Research and Development, TMS Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiko Hasegawa
- Division of Research and Development, TMS Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiji Hasumi
- Division of Research and Development, TMS Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan; Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Long Yuan
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Biogen, Inc., 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
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19
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Langevin B, Gobburu JVS, Gopalakrishnan M. Is There a Need for a Dedicated Pharmacokinetic Trial for a Drug in Obese Populations? A Drug Prioritization Decision Tree Framework. J Clin Pharmacol 2023; 63 Suppl 2:S48-S64. [PMID: 37942905 DOI: 10.1002/jcph.2304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a growing global health concern associated with high comorbidity rates, leading to an increasing number of patients who are obese requiring medication. However, clinical trials often exclude or under-represent individuals who are obese, creating the need for a methodology to adjust labeling to ensure safe and effective dosing for all patients. To address this, we developed a 2-part decision tree framework to prioritize drugs for dedicated pharmacokinetic studies in obese subjects. Leveraging current drug knowledge and modeling techniques, the decision tree system predicts expected exposure changes and recommends labeling strategies, allowing stakeholders to prioritize resources toward the drugs most in need. In a case study evaluating 30 drugs from literature across different therapeutic areas, our first decision tree predicted the expected direction of exposure change accurately in 73% of cases. We conclude that this decision tree system offers a valuable tool to advance research in obesity pharmacology and personalize drug development for patients who are obese, ensuring safe and effective medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke Langevin
- Center for Translational Medicine, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jogarao V S Gobburu
- Center for Translational Medicine, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mathangi Gopalakrishnan
- Center for Translational Medicine, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD, USA
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20
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Ibrahim ARS, Mansour MK, Ahmed MMA, Ulber R, Zayed A. Metabolism of natural and synthetic bioactive compounds in Cunninghamella fungi and their applications in drug discovery. Bioorg Chem 2023; 140:106801. [PMID: 37643568 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Investigation of xenobiotic metabolism is a key step for drug discovery. Since the in vivo investigations may be associated with harmful effects attributed to production of toxic metabolites, it is deemed necessary to predict their structure especially at the preliminary clinical studies. Furthermore, the application of microorganisms that are capable of metabolizing drugs mimic human metabolism and consequently may predict possible metabolites. The genus Cunninghamella has been proven to be a potential candidate, which mimics xenobiotic metabolism occurring inside the human body, including phase I and II metabolic reactions. Moreover, biotransformation with Cunninghamella showed chemical diversity, where a lot of products were detected in relation to the initial substrates after being modified by oxidation, hydroxylation, and conjugation reactions. Some of these products are more bioactive than the parent compounds. The current review presents a comprehensive literature overview regarding the Cunninghamella organisms as biocatalysts, which simulate mammalian metabolism of natural secondary and synthetic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdel-Rahim S Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Tanta University, Faculty of Pharmacy, El-Geish Street, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Mai K Mansour
- Department of Medicinal Plants and Natural Products, Egyptian Drug Authority, Giza 11553, Egypt
| | - Mohammed M A Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt; National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, United States; Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, United States
| | - Roland Ulber
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering, Rheinland-Pfälzische Technische Universität Kaiserslautern-Landau, Gottlieb-Daimler-Str. 49, Kaiserslautern 67663, Germany
| | - Ahmed Zayed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Tanta University, Faculty of Pharmacy, El-Geish Street, Tanta 31527, Egypt; Institute of Bioprocess Engineering, Rheinland-Pfälzische Technische Universität Kaiserslautern-Landau, Gottlieb-Daimler-Str. 49, Kaiserslautern 67663, Germany.
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21
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Han L, Chang PV. Activity-based protein profiling in microbes and the gut microbiome. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2023; 76:102351. [PMID: 37429085 PMCID: PMC10527501 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2023.102351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Activity-based protein profiling (ABPP) is a powerful chemical approach for probing protein function and enzymatic activity in complex biological systems. This strategy typically utilizes activity-based probes that are designed to bind a specific protein, amino acid residue, or protein family and form a covalent bond through a reactivity-based warhead. Subsequent analysis by mass spectrometry-based proteomic platforms that involve either click chemistry or affinity-based labeling to enrich for the tagged proteins enables identification of protein function and enzymatic activity. ABPP has facilitated elucidation of biological processes in bacteria, discovery of new antibiotics, and characterization of host-microbe interactions within physiological contexts. This review will focus on recent advances and applications of ABPP in bacteria and complex microbial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Han
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Pamela V Chang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Cornell Center for Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Cornell Institute of Host-Microbe Interactions and Disease, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
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22
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Hu Y, Zhao Y, Li P, Lu H, Li H, Ge J. Hypoxia and panvascular diseases: exploring the role of hypoxia-inducible factors in vascular smooth muscle cells under panvascular pathologies. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2023; 68:1954-1974. [PMID: 37541793 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2023.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
As an emerging discipline, panvascular diseases are a set of vascular diseases with atherosclerosis as the common pathogenic hallmark, which mostly affect vital organs like the heart, brain, kidney, and limbs. As the major responser to the most common stressor in the vasculature (hypoxia)-hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), and the primary regulator of pressure and oxygen delivery in the vasculature-vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), their own multifaceted nature and their interactions with each other are fascinating. Abnormally active VSMCs (e.g., atherosclerosis, pulmonary hypertension) or abnormally dysfunctional VSMCs (e.g., aneurysms, vascular calcification) are associated with HIFs. These widespread systemic diseases also reflect the interdisciplinary nature of panvascular medicine. Moreover, given the comparable proliferative characteristics exhibited by VSMCs and cancer cells, and the delicate equilibrium between angiogenesis and cancer progression, there is a pressing need for more accurate modulation targets or combination approaches to bolster the effectiveness of HIF targeting therapies. Based on the aforementioned content, this review primarily focused on the significance of integrating the overall and local perspectives, as well as temporal and spatial balance, in the context of the HIF signaling pathway in VSMC-related panvascular diseases. Furthermore, the review discussed the implications of HIF-targeting drugs on panvascular disorders, while considering the trade-offs involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqing Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yongchao Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hao Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai 200032, China; National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China; Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Hua Li
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Junbo Ge
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai 200032, China; National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China; Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China; Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, National Health Commission, Shanghai 200032, China; Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China.
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23
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Wang J, Li X, Wang F, Cheng M, Mao Y, Fang S, Wang L, Zhou C, Hou W, Chen Y. Placing steroid hormones within the human ABCC3 transporter reveals a compatible amphiphilic substrate-binding pocket. EMBO J 2023; 42:e113415. [PMID: 37485728 PMCID: PMC10476276 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2022113415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The human ABC transporter ABCC3 (also known as MRP3) transports a wide spectrum of substrates, including endogenous metabolites and exogenous drugs. Accordingly, it participates in multiple physiological processes and is involved in diverse human diseases such as intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy, which is caused by the intracellular accumulation of bile acids and estrogens. Here, we report three cryogenic electron microscopy structures of ABCC3: in the apo-form and in complexed forms bound to either the conjugated sex hormones β-estradiol 17-(β-D-glucuronide) and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate. For both hormones, the steroid nuclei that superimpose against each other occupy the hydrophobic center of the transport cavity, whereas the two conjugation groups are separated and fixed by the hydrophilic patches in two transmembrane domains. Structural analysis combined with site-directed mutagenesis and ATPase activity assays revealed that ABCC3 possesses an amphiphilic substrate-binding pocket able to hold either conjugated hormone in an asymmetric pattern. These data build on consensus features of the substrate-binding pocket of MRPs and provide a structural platform for the rational design of inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, and Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Division of Life Sciences and MedicineUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiChina
- Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui ProvinceUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiChina
| | - Xu Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, and Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Division of Life Sciences and MedicineUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiChina
- Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui ProvinceUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiChina
| | - Fang‐Fang Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, and Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Division of Life Sciences and MedicineUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiChina
- Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui ProvinceUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiChina
| | - Meng‐Ting Cheng
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, and Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Division of Life Sciences and MedicineUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiChina
- Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui ProvinceUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiChina
| | - Yao‐Xu Mao
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, and Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Division of Life Sciences and MedicineUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiChina
- Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui ProvinceUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiChina
| | - Shu‐Cheng Fang
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, and Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Division of Life Sciences and MedicineUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiChina
- Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui ProvinceUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiChina
| | - Liang Wang
- Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui ProvinceUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiChina
| | - Cong‐Zhao Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, and Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Division of Life Sciences and MedicineUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiChina
- Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui ProvinceUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiChina
| | - Wen‐Tao Hou
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, and Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Division of Life Sciences and MedicineUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiChina
- Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui ProvinceUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiChina
| | - Yuxing Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, and Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Division of Life Sciences and MedicineUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiChina
- Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui ProvinceUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiChina
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24
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Gopalakrishna R, Oh A, Hou L, Lee E, Aguilar J, Li A, Mack WJ. Flavonoid quercetin and its glucuronide and sulfate conjugates bind to 67-kDa laminin receptor and prevent neuronal cell death induced by serum starvation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 671:116-123. [PMID: 37300941 PMCID: PMC10527810 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Quercetin, a dietary flavonoid, has been shown to protect against various neurodegenerative diseases with mechanisms largely unknown. After oral administration, quercetin is rapidly conjugated, and the aglycone is not detectable in the plasma and brain. However, its glucuronide and sulfate conjugates are present only at low nanomolar concentrations in the brain. Since quercetin and its conjugates have limited antioxidant capability at low nanomolar concentrations, it is crucial to determine whether they induce neuroprotection by binding to high-affinity receptors. Previously we found that (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a polyphenol from green tea, induces neuroprotection by binding to the 67-kDa laminin receptor (67LR). Therefore, in this study, we determined whether quercetin and its conjugates bind 67LR to induce neuroprotection and compared their ability with EGCG. Based on the quenching of intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence of peptide G (residues 161-180 in 67LR), we found quercetin, quercetin-3-O-glucuronide, and quercetin-3-O-sulfate bind to this peptide with a high affinity comparable to EGCG. Molecular docking using the crystal structure of 37-kDa laminin receptor precursor supported the high-affinity binding of all these ligands to the site corresponding to peptide G. A pretreatment with quercetin (1-1000 nM) did not effectively protect Neuroscreen-1 cells from death induced by serum starvation. Contrarily, a pretreatment with low concentrations (1-10 nM) of quercetin conjugates better protected these cells than quercetin and EGCG. The 67LR-blocking antibody substantially prevented neuroprotection by all these agents, suggesting the role of 67LR in this process. Collectively, these studies reveal that quercetin induces neuroprotection primarily through its conjugates via high affinity binding to 67LR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayudu Gopalakrishna
- Department of Integrative Anatomical Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA.
| | - Andrew Oh
- Department of Integrative Anatomical Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Lucas Hou
- Department of Integrative Anatomical Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Emily Lee
- Department of Integrative Anatomical Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Jennifer Aguilar
- Department of Integrative Anatomical Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Andrew Li
- Department of Integrative Anatomical Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - William J Mack
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
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25
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Su ZY, Chien JC, Tung YC, Wu TY, Liao JA, Wei GJ. Tangeretin and 4'-demethyltangeretin prevent damage to mouse hepatocytes from oxidative stress by activating the Nrf2-related antioxidant pathway via an epigenetic mechanism. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 382:110650. [PMID: 37517432 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Polymethoxyflavones (PMFs) in citrus fruits have a variety of biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and anti-atherosclerotic effects. The liver is the major detoxifying organ of the human body; however, factors such as acetaminophen (APAP) overdose may increase oxidative stress in liver cells and lead to severe liver failure. In this study we examined the effects of tangeretin (TAN), a common citrus PMF, and its metabolite 4'-demethyltangeretin (4'-OH-TAN) on activation of the Nrf2 antioxidant system in mouse AML-12 hepatocytes through regulation by epigenetic mechanisms. The ability of TAN and 4'-OH-TAN to inhibit APAP-induced hepatotoxicity was also evaluated. The results showed that TAN and 4'-OH-TAN significantly increased the mRNA and protein levels of Nrf2 and Nrf2-mediated antioxidant and detoxifying enzymes (UGT1A, HO-1, and NQO1) in AML-12 cells. TAN and 4'-OH-TAN also suppressed protein expression of histone deacetylases (HDACs) and DNA methyltransferases (DMNTs) and reduced DNA methylation of the nrf2 promoter. Furthermore, TAN and 4'-OH-TAN prevented APAP-induced injury and inhibited APAP-induced ROS generation in AML-12 cells. Based on these results, we conclude that TAN and 4'-OH-TAN may increase the antioxidant capacity of liver cells by regulating epigenetic alteration to activate the Nrf2-related antioxidant system, thereby preventing liver cells from being damaged by APAP-induced oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Yuan Su
- Department of Bioscience Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan City, 320314, Taiwan.
| | - Jen-Chun Chien
- Department of Bioscience Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan City, 320314, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Chen Tung
- Department of Food Science, National Ilan University, Yilan County, 260007, Taiwan
| | - Tien-Yuan Wu
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110301, Taiwan
| | - Jie-An Liao
- Department of Bioscience Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan City, 320314, Taiwan
| | - Guor-Jien Wei
- Institute of Food Safety and Health Risk Assessment, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112304, Taiwan.
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26
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Duthaler U, Bachmann F, Ozbey AC, Umehara K, Parrott N, Fowler S, Krähenbühl S. The Activity of Members of the UDP-Glucuronosyltransferase Subfamilies UGT1A and UGT2B is Impaired in Patients with Liver Cirrhosis. Clin Pharmacokinet 2023; 62:1141-1155. [PMID: 37328712 PMCID: PMC10386950 DOI: 10.1007/s40262-023-01261-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The impact of liver cirrhosis on the activity of UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) is currently not well characterized. We investigated the glucuronidation capacity and glucuronide accumulation in patients with liver cirrhosis. METHODS We administered the Basel phenotyping cocktail (caffeine, efavirenz, flurbiprofen, omeprazole, metoprolol, midazolam) to patients with liver cirrhosis (n = 16 Child A, n = 15 Child B, n = 5 Child C) and n = 12 control subjects and obtained pharmacokinetic profiles of substrates and primary metabolites and their glucuronides. RESULTS Caffeine and its metabolite paraxanthine were only slightly glucuronidated. The metabolic ratio (AUCglucuronide/AUCparent, MR) was not affected for caffeine but decreased by 60% for paraxanthine glucuronide formation in Child C patients. Efavirenz was not glucuronidated whereas 8-hydroxyefavirenz was efficiently glucuronidated. The MR of 8-hydroxyefavirenz-glucuronide formation increased three-fold in Child C patients and was negatively correlated with the glomerular filtration rate. Flurbiprofen and omeprazole were not glucuronidated. 4-Hydroxyflurbiprofen and 5-hydroxyomeprazole were both glucuronidated but the corresponding MRs for glucuronide formation were not affected by liver cirrhosis. Metoprolol, but not α-hydroxymetoprolol, was glucuronidated, and the MR for metoprolol-glucuronide formation dropped by 60% in Child C patients. Both midazolam and its metabolite 1'-hydroxymidazolam underwent glucuronidation, and the corresponding MRs for glucuronide formation dropped by approximately 80% in Child C patients. No relevant glucuronide accumulation occurred in patients with liver cirrhosis. CONCLUSIONS Detailed analysis revealed that liver cirrhosis may affect the activity of UGTs of the UGT1A and UGT2B subfamilies according to liver function. Clinically significant glucuronide accumulation did not occur in the population investigated. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT03337945.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urs Duthaler
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Basel, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Fabio Bachmann
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Basel, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Agustos C Ozbey
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Kenichi Umehara
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Neil Parrott
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stephen Fowler
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Krähenbühl
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Basel, 4031, Basel, Switzerland.
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
- Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
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27
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Prince N, Stav M, Cote M, Chu SH, Vyas CM, Okereke OI, Palacios N, Litonjua AA, Vokonas P, Sparrow D, Spiro A, Lasky-Su JA, Kelly RS. Metabolomics and Self-Reported Depression, Anxiety, and Phobic Symptoms in the VA Normative Aging Study. Metabolites 2023; 13:851. [PMID: 37512558 PMCID: PMC10383599 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13070851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditional approaches to understanding metabolomics in mental illness have focused on investigating a single disorder or comparisons between diagnoses, but a growing body of evidence suggests substantial mechanistic overlap in mental disorders that could be reflected by the metabolome. In this study, we investigated associations between global plasma metabolites and abnormal scores on the depression, anxiety, and phobic anxiety subscales of the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) among 405 older males who participated in the Normative Aging Study (NAS). Our analysis revealed overlapping and distinct metabolites associated with each mental health dimension subscale and four metabolites belonging to xenobiotic, carbohydrate, and amino acid classes that were consistently associated across all three symptom dimension subscales. Furthermore, three of these four metabolites demonstrated a higher degree of alteration in men who reported poor scores in all three dimensions compared to men with poor scores in only one, suggesting the potential for shared underlying biology but a differing degree of perturbation when depression and anxiety symptoms co-occur. Our findings implicate pathways of interest relevant to the overlap of mental health conditions in aging veterans and could represent clinically translatable targets underlying poor mental health in this high-risk population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Prince
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (N.P.); (M.S.); (M.C.); (S.H.C.); (O.I.O.); (J.A.L.-S.)
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Meryl Stav
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (N.P.); (M.S.); (M.C.); (S.H.C.); (O.I.O.); (J.A.L.-S.)
| | - Margaret Cote
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (N.P.); (M.S.); (M.C.); (S.H.C.); (O.I.O.); (J.A.L.-S.)
| | - Su H. Chu
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (N.P.); (M.S.); (M.C.); (S.H.C.); (O.I.O.); (J.A.L.-S.)
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Chirag M. Vyas
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Olivia I. Okereke
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (N.P.); (M.S.); (M.C.); (S.H.C.); (O.I.O.); (J.A.L.-S.)
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Natalia Palacios
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
- Department of Public Health, Zuckerberg College of Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854, USA
- Geriatric Research Education Clinical Center, Edith Nourse Rogers Memorial Veterans Hospital, Bedford, MA 01730, USA
| | - Augusto A Litonjua
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, Golisano Children’s Hospital at Strong, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA;
| | - Pantel Vokonas
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (P.V.); (D.S.)
- VA Normative Aging Study, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA 02130, USA;
| | - David Sparrow
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (P.V.); (D.S.)
- VA Normative Aging Study, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA 02130, USA;
- Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian and Avidisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Avron Spiro
- VA Normative Aging Study, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA 02130, USA;
- Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian and Avidisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02118, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University Chobanian and Avidisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Jessica A. Lasky-Su
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (N.P.); (M.S.); (M.C.); (S.H.C.); (O.I.O.); (J.A.L.-S.)
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Rachel S. Kelly
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (N.P.); (M.S.); (M.C.); (S.H.C.); (O.I.O.); (J.A.L.-S.)
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
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28
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Yuan X, Wang H, Song S, Qiu L, Lan X, Dong P, Zhang J. Stepwise Targeted Matching Strategy for Comprehensive Profiling of Xanthohumol Metabolites In Vivo and In Vitro Using UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap Mass Spectrometer. Molecules 2023; 28:5168. [PMID: 37446828 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28135168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Xanthohumol (XN), a natural prenylated flavonoid extracted and isolated from the hop plant (Humulus lupulus), possesses diverse pharmacological activities. Although the metabolites of XN have been investigated in the previous study, a comprehensive metabolic profile has been insufficient in vivo or in vitro until now. The current study was aimed at systematically elucidating the metabolic pathways of XN after oral administration to rats. Herein, a UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS was adopted for the potential metabolites detection. A stepwise targeted matching strategy for the overall identification of XN metabolites was proposed. A metabolic net (53 metabolites included) on XN in vivo and in vitro, as well as the metabolic profile investigation, were designed, preferably characterizing XN metabolites in rat plasma, urine, liver, liver microsomes, and feces. On the basis of a stepwise targeted matching strategy, the net showed that major in vivo metabolic pathways of XN in rats include glucuronidation, sulfation, methylation, demethylation, hydrogenation, dehydrogenation, hydroxylation, and so on. The proposed metabolic pathways in this research will provide essential data for further pharmaceutical studies of prenylated flavonoids and lay the foundation for further toxicity and safety studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Yuan
- College of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Hong Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Shuyi Song
- College of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Lili Qiu
- Department of Medicine, Binzhou Polytechnic College, Binzhou 256600, China
| | - Xianming Lan
- College of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Pingping Dong
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Research of Chinese Medicines, College of Pharmacy, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao 999078, China
| | - Jiayu Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China
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29
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Ellis C, Inaba K, Van de Vuurst C, Ghrayeb A, Cory TJ. Drug-drug interactions between COVID-19 therapeutics and antiretroviral treatment: the evidence to date. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2023; 19:795-806. [PMID: 37800561 PMCID: PMC10841549 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2023.2267970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION With new effective treatments for SARS-CoV-2, patient outcomes have greatly improved. However, new medications bring a risk of drug interactions with other medications. People living with HIV (PLWH) are at particular risk for these interactions due to heightened risk of immunosuppression, polypharmacy, and overlap in affected organs. It is critical to identify drug interactions are a significant barrier to care for PLWH. Establishing a better understanding of the pharmacologic relationships between COVID-19 therapies and antiretrovirals will improve patient-centered care in COVID-19. AREAS COVERED Potential drug-drug interactions between Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and COVID-19 treatments are detailed and reviewed here. The mechanisms seen in these interactions include alterations in metabolic enzymes, drug transporters, pharmacoenhancement, and organ toxicities. We also review the limitations and solutions that can be used to combat drug-drug interactions between these two disease states. EXPERT OPINION While current drug interactions are relatively mild between HIV and COVID-19 therapies, improvements in identifying these beforehand must take place as new therapies are approved. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is essential in PLWH and must be maintained when treating COVID-19. As advancements in care occur, there is the possibility that newly approved drugs may have additional unknown interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camden Ellis
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Translational Science, University of Tennessee Health Science Center College of Pharmacy, Memphis, USA
| | - Keita Inaba
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Translational Science, University of Tennessee Health Science Center College of Pharmacy, Memphis, USA
| | - Christine Van de Vuurst
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Translational Science, University of Tennessee Health Science Center College of Pharmacy, Memphis, USA
| | - Atheel Ghrayeb
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Translational Science, University of Tennessee Health Science Center College of Pharmacy, Memphis, USA
| | - Theodore James Cory
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Translational Science, University of Tennessee Health Science Center College of Pharmacy, Memphis, USA
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30
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Malarney KP, Chang PV. Chemoproteomic Approaches for Unraveling Prokaryotic Biology. Isr J Chem 2023; 63:e202200076. [PMID: 37842282 PMCID: PMC10575470 DOI: 10.1002/ijch.202200076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Bacteria are ubiquitous lifeforms with important roles in the environment, biotechnology, and human health. Many of the functions that bacteria perform are mediated by proteins and enzymes, which catalyze metabolic transformations of small molecules and modifications of proteins. To better understand these biological processes, chemical proteomic approaches, including activity-based protein profiling, have been developed to interrogate protein function and enzymatic activity in physiologically relevant contexts. Here, chemoproteomic strategies and technological advances for studying bacterial physiology, pathogenesis, and metabolism are discussed. The development of chemoproteomic approaches for characterizing protein function and enzymatic activity within bacteria remains an active area of research, and continued innovations are expected to provide breakthroughs in understanding bacterial biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kien P Malarney
- Department of Microbiology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 (USA)
| | - Pamela V Chang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 (USA)
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 (USA)
- Cornell Center for Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 (USA)
- Cornell Institute of Host-Microbe Interactions and Disease, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 (USA)
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31
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Ge X, Ma S, Yan S, Wu Y, Chen C, Tang C, Zhan Y, Bian YC, Shen K, Feng S, Gao X, Zhong D, Zhang H, Miao LY, Diao XX. Mass balance study of [ 14C]SHR0302, a selective and potent JAK1 inhibitor in humans. Xenobiotica 2023; 53:69-83. [PMID: 36745485 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2023.2176267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
SHR0302, a selective JAK1 inhibitor developed by Jiangsu Hengrui Pharmaceutical Co., was intended for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. In this study, we evaluated the pharmacokinetics, mass balance, and metabolism of SHR0302 in six healthy Chinese male subjects after a single 8 mg (80 µCi) oral dose of [14C]SHR0302.SHR0302 was absorbed rapidly (Tmax = 0.505 h), and the average t1/2 of the SHR0302-related components in plasma was approximately 9.18 h. After an oral dose was administered, the average cumulative excretion of the radioactive components was 100.56% ± 1.51%, including 60.95% ± 11.62% in urine and 39.61% ± 10.52% in faeces.A total of 16 metabolites were identified. In plasma, the parent drug SHR0302 accounted for 90.42% of the total plasma radioactivity. In urine, SHR161279 was the main metabolite, accounting for 33.61% of the dose, whereas the parent drug SHR0302 only accounted for 5.1% of the dose. In faeces, the parent drug SHR0302 accounted for 23.73% of the dose, and SHR161279 was the significant metabolite, accounting for 5.67% of the dose. In conclusion, SHR0302-related radioactivity was mainly excreted through urine (60.95%) and secondarily through faeces (39.61%).The metabolic reaction of SHR0302 in the human body is mainly through mono-oxidation and glucuronidation. The main metabolic location of SHR0302 in the human body is the pyrrolopyrimidine ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Ge
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Sheng Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Institute for Interdisciplinary Drug Research and Translational Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Shu Yan
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yali Wu
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Chong Chen
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Chongzhuang Tang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Zhan
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Cong Bian
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Institute for Interdisciplinary Drug Research and Translational Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Kai Shen
- Jiangsu Hengrui Medicine Co., Ltd, Lianyungang, China
| | - Sheng Feng
- Jiangsu Hengrui Medicine Co., Ltd, Lianyungang, China
| | - Xuehu Gao
- Jiangsu Hengrui Medicine Co., Ltd, Lianyungang, China
| | - Dafang Zhong
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Institute for Interdisciplinary Drug Research and Translational Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Li-Yan Miao
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Institute for Interdisciplinary Drug Research and Translational Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xing-Xing Diao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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Zhai X, Liu J, Yu M, Zhang Q, Li M, Zhao N, Liu J, Song Y, Ma L, Li R, Qiao Z, Zhao G, Wang R, Xiao X. Nontargeted metabolomics reveals the potential mechanism underlying the association between birthweight and metabolic disturbances. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2023; 23:14. [PMID: 36624413 PMCID: PMC9830726 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-023-05346-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this study was to characterize the metabolites associated with small- and large-gestational-age newborns in maternal and cord blood, and to investigate potential mechanisms underlying the association between birthweight and metabolic disturbances. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We recorded detailed anthropometric data of mother-offspring dyads. Untargeted metabolomic assays were performed on 67 pairs of cord blood and maternal fasting plasma samples including 16 pairs of small-for-gestational (SGA, < 10th percentile) dyads, 28 pairs of appropriate-for-gestational (AGA, approximate 50 percentile) dyads, and 23 pairs of large-for-gestational (LGA, > 90th percentile) dyads. The association of metabolites with newborn birthweight was conducted to screen for metabolites with U-shaped and line-shaped distributions. The association of metabolites with maternal and fetal phenotypes was also performed. RESULTS We found 2 types of metabolites that changed in different patterns according to newborn birthweight. One type of metabolite exhibited a "U-shaped" trend of abundance fluctuation in the SGA-AGA-LGA groups. The results demonstrated that cuminaldehyde level was lower in the SGA and LGA groups, and its abundance in cord blood was negatively correlated with maternal BMI (r = -0.352 p = 0.009) and weight gain (r = -0.267 p = 0.043). 2-Methoxy-estradiol-17b 3-glucuronide, which showed enrichment in the SGA and LGA groups, was positively correlated with homocysteine (r = 0.44, p < 0.001) and free fatty acid (r = 0.42, p < 0.001) in maternal blood. Serotonin and 13(S)-HODE were the second type of metabolites, denoted as "line-shaped", which both showed increasing trends in the SGA-AGA-LGA groups in both maternal and cord blood and were both significantly positively correlated with maternal BMI before pregnancy. Moreover, cuminaldehyde, serotonin, 13(S)-HODE and some lipid metabolites showed a strong correlation between maternal and cord blood. CONCLUSIONS These investigations demonstrate broad-scale metabolomic differences associated with newborn birthweight in both pregnant women and their newborns. The U-shaped metabolites associated with both the SGA and LGA groups might explain the U-shaped association between birthweight and metabolic dysregulation. The line-shaped metabolites might participate in intrauterine growth regulation. These observations might help to provide new insights into the insulin resistance and the risk of metabolic disturbance of SGA and LGA babies in adulthood and might identify potential new markers for adverse newborn outcomes in pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhai
- grid.413106.10000 0000 9889 6335Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730 China
| | - Jieying Liu
- grid.413106.10000 0000 9889 6335Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730 China ,grid.413106.10000 0000 9889 6335Department of Medical Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730 China
| | - Miao Yu
- grid.413106.10000 0000 9889 6335Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730 China
| | - Qian Zhang
- grid.413106.10000 0000 9889 6335Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730 China
| | - Ming Li
- grid.413106.10000 0000 9889 6335Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730 China
| | - Nan Zhao
- grid.413106.10000 0000 9889 6335Department of Medical Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730 China
| | - Juntao Liu
- grid.413106.10000 0000 9889 6335Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730 China
| | - Yingna Song
- grid.413106.10000 0000 9889 6335Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730 China
| | - Liangkun Ma
- grid.413106.10000 0000 9889 6335Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730 China
| | - Rongrong Li
- grid.413106.10000 0000 9889 6335Department of Clinical Nutrition, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730 China
| | - Zongxu Qiao
- grid.478131.80000 0004 9334 6499Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Xingtai People’s Hospital, Xingtai, Hebei 054000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Guifen Zhao
- grid.478131.80000 0004 9334 6499Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Xingtai People’s Hospital, Xingtai, Hebei 054000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruiping Wang
- grid.478131.80000 0004 9334 6499Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Xingtai People’s Hospital, Xingtai, Hebei 054000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinhua Xiao
- grid.413106.10000 0000 9889 6335Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730 China
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Merenstein D, Pot B, Leyer G, Ouwehand AC, Preidis GA, Elkins CA, Hill C, Lewis ZT, Shane AL, Zmora N, Petrova MI, Collado MC, Morelli L, Montoya GA, Szajewska H, Tancredi DJ, Sanders ME. Emerging issues in probiotic safety: 2023 perspectives. Gut Microbes 2023; 15:2185034. [PMID: 36919522 PMCID: PMC10026873 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2185034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Probiotics are used for both generally healthy consumers and in clinical settings. However, theoretical and proven adverse events from probiotic consumption exist. New probiotic strains and products, as well as expanding use of probiotics into vulnerable populations, warrants concise, and actionable recommendations on how to work toward their safe and effective use. The International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics convened a meeting to discuss and produce evidence-based recommendations on potential acute and long-term risks, risks to vulnerable populations, the importance for probiotic product quality to match the needs of vulnerable populations, and the need for adverse event reporting related to probiotic use. The importance of whole genome sequencing, which enables determination of virulence, toxin, and antibiotic resistance genes, as well as clear assignment of species and strain identity, is emphasized. We present recommendations to guide the scientific and medical community on judging probiotic safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Merenstein
- Department of Family Medicine, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC USA
| | - Bruno Pot
- Yakult Europe BV, Almere, Netherlands
| | | | - Arthur C Ouwehand
- Global Health & Nutrition Sciences, International Flavors & Fragrances, Kantvik, Finland
| | - Geoffrey A Preidis
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Christopher A Elkins
- Clinical and Environmental Microbiology Branch, Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Colin Hill
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Andrea L Shane
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory Children's Center, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Niv Zmora
- Scientific consultant, Elinav Lab, Immunology Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Department of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Maria Carmen Collado
- Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology-National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Lorenzo Morelli
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Gina A Montoya
- Department of Chemical Risk Assessment, Nestlé S.A., Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Hania Szajewska
- Department of Paediatrics, The Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Daniel J Tancredi
- Department of Pediatrics, UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Mary Ellen Sanders
- International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics, Centennial, CO, USA
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Božina T, Karačić E, Ganoci L, Čuković-Čavka S, Palić J, Božina N, Šimičević L. UGT2B7 c.-161C>T polymorphism frequency in Croatian population. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol 2022; 73:303-307. [PMID: 36607721 PMCID: PMC9985345 DOI: 10.2478/aiht-2022-73-3663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase-2B7 (UGT2B7), enzyme responsible for the elimination of a number of xenobiotics through glucuronidation, is expressed in the gut, kidneys, intestines, and brain. However, data on the frequency of UGT2B7 polymorphisms in the Croatian population are limited. The aim of this study was to assess the frequency of the UGT2B7 c.-161C>T (rs7668258) polymorphism in the Croatian population and to compare it with reported frequencies in other populations. This polymorphism is in complete linkage disequilibrium with the UGT2B7 c.802C>T (UGT2B7*2, rs7439366) variant, which is important in clinical medicine. The study reports data of 501 participants from University Hospital Centre Zagreb. All data were collected and analysed retrospectively. Genotyping was performed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using the TaqMan® Drug Metabolism Genotyping Assay for UGT2B7 c.-161C>T (rs7668258). We found that 120 (23.95 %) participants were carriers of the UGT2B7 c.-161CC genotype and 255 (50.9 %) were heterozygous carriers (UGT2B7 c.-161CT), while 126 (25.15 %) were homozygous carriers of the variant allele (UGT2B7 c.-161TT). The frequency of the variant UGT2B7 c.-161C>T allele in this study was T=0.506. The frequency of the UGT2B7 c.-161C>T allelic variants and genotypes in the Croatian population is similar to other European populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Božina
- University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Department of Medical Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Clinical Chemistry, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ena Karačić
- University of Zagreb Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Lana Ganoci
- University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Division of Pharmacogenomics and Therapy Individualisation, Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Silvija Čuković-Čavka
- University of Zagreb School of Medicine, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Department of Gastroenterology, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jozefina Palić
- University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Department of Medical Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Clinical Chemistry, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nada Božina
- University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Livija Šimičević
- University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Division of Pharmacogenomics and Therapy Individualisation, Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Zagreb, Croatia
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Hu Y, Lu H, Li H, Ge J. Molecular basis and clinical implications of HIFs in cardiovascular diseases. Trends Mol Med 2022; 28:916-938. [PMID: 36208988 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2022.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Oxygen maintains the homeostasis of an organism in a delicate balance in different tissues and organs. Under hypoxic conditions, hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) are specific and dominant factors in the spatiotemporal regulation of oxygen homeostasis. As the most basic functional unit of the heart at the cellular level, the cardiomyocyte relies on oxygen and nutrients delivered by the microvasculature to keep the heart functioning properly. Under hypoxic stress, HIFs are involved in acute and chronic myocardial pathology because of their spatiotemporal specificity, thus granting them therapeutic potential. Most adult animals lack the ability to regenerate their myocardium entirely following injury, and complete regeneration has long been a goal of clinical treatment for heart failure. The precise manipulation of HIFs (considering their dynamic balance and transformation) and the development of HIF-targeted drugs is therefore an extremely attractive cardioprotective therapy for protecting against myocardial ischemic and hypoxic injury, avoiding myocardial remodeling and heart failure, and promoting recovery of cardiac function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqing Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, China
| | - Hao Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, China; National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua Li
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, China.
| | - Junbo Ge
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, China; National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, National Health Commission, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China; Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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36
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Nishikawa M, Kada Y, Kimata M, Sakaki T, Ikushiro S. Comparison of metabolism and biological properties among positional isomers of quercetin glucuronide in LPS- and RANKL-challenged RAW264.7 cells. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2022; 86:1670-1679. [PMID: 36085182 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbac150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The major quercetin metabolite, quercetin-3-glucuronide, exerts various biological activities, including anti-inflammatory effects. This study aimed to evaluate the metabolic profiles and biological properties of the positional isomers of quercetin monoglucuronides (Q3G, Q7G, Q3'G, and Q4'G) in activated macrophages. In addition to quercetin aglycone, Q7G was more cytotoxic than the other quercetin monoglucuronides (QGs), which corresponded to its lower stability under neutral pH conditions. Q3G was most effective in inhibiting both LPS-dependent induction of IL-6 and RANKL-dependent activation of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase; however, Q3'G and Q4'G may also help exert biological activities without potential cytotoxicity. The deconjugation efficacy to generate quercetin aglycone differed among QGs, with the highest efficacy in Q3G. These results suggest that the chemical or biological properties and metabolic profiles may depend on the stability of QGs to generate quercetin aglycone using β-glucuronidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miyu Nishikawa
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University
| | - Yuriko Kada
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University
| | - Mirai Kimata
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University
| | - Toshiyuki Sakaki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University
| | - Shinichi Ikushiro
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University
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37
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Zhang L, Poland B, Green M, Wong S, Slatter JG. A Population Pharmacokinetic-Pharmacodynamic Model of Navtemadlin, its Major Active Metabolite (M1) and Serum Macrophage Inhibitory Cykokine-1 (MIC-1). Xenobiotica 2022; 52:555-566. [PMID: 36052821 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2022.2114116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Navtemadlin is a potent, selective, orally available inhibitor of murine double minute 2 that restores p53 activity to induce apoptosis in TP53 wild-type malignancies. Using richly sampled pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) data from healthy volunteers, a population PK/PD model was developed. A population PK (PPK) model described the PK characteristics of navtemadlin and its major metabolite acyl glucuronide (M1) and quantified enterohepatic recirculation (EHR). Post hoc individual PK parameters from this model were coupled with PD data for serum macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1 (MIC-1, GDF15), a cytokine biomarker of p53 activation, to construct a population PK/PD model that described plasma concentration-driven MIC-1 excursions and enabled simulation of the extent and duration of navtemadlin PD effects. The median apparent clearance (CL/F) and apparent central volume (V2/F) of navtemadlin were 36.4 L/hr and 159 L. The typical maximum stimulatory effect (Smax) was close to the median maximum MIC-1 ratio to baseline of 7.29 in observed data. Simulation revealed a dose-dependent increase of MIC-1 with steady state attained in approximately 7 days, in a 7-day-on/21-day-off dose regimen. Elevated MIC-1 concentrations persist through 17-19 days, leaving about 9-11 PD-free days in a 28-day cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhang
- Certara Integrated Drug Development, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Bill Poland
- Certara Integrated Drug Development, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | | | - Shekman Wong
- Kartos Therapeutics, Inc, Redwood City, CA and Bellevue, WA USA
| | - J Greg Slatter
- Kartos Therapeutics, Inc, Redwood City, CA and Bellevue, WA USA
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Burnouf PA, Roffler SR, Wu CC, Su YC. Glucuronides: From biological waste to bio-nanomedical applications. J Control Release 2022; 349:765-782. [PMID: 35907593 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Long considered as no more than biological waste meant to be eliminated in urine, glucuronides have recently contributed to tremendous developments in the biomedical field, particularly against cancer. While glucuronide prodrugs monotherapy and antibody-directed enzyme prodrug therapy have been around for some time, new facets have emerged that combine the unique properties of glucuronides notably in the fields of antibody-drug conjugates and nanomedicine. In both cases, glucuronides are utilized as a vector to improve pharmacokinetics and confer localized activation of potent drugs at tumor sites while also decreasing systemic toxicity. Here we will discuss some of the most promising strategies using glucuronides to promote successful anti-tumor therapeutic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Alain Burnouf
- International Center for Wound Repair and Regeneration, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
| | - Steve R Roffler
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ching Wu
- International Center for Wound Repair and Regeneration, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Cheng Su
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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Lai Y, Chu X, Di L, Gao W, Guo Y, Liu X, Lu C, Mao J, Shen H, Tang H, Xia CQ, Zhang L, Ding X. Recent advances in the translation of drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics science for drug discovery and development. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 12:2751-2777. [PMID: 35755285 PMCID: PMC9214059 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics (DMPK) is an important branch of pharmaceutical sciences. The nature of ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion) and PK (pharmacokinetics) inquiries during drug discovery and development has evolved in recent years from being largely descriptive to seeking a more quantitative and mechanistic understanding of the fate of drug candidates in biological systems. Tremendous progress has been made in the past decade, not only in the characterization of physiochemical properties of drugs that influence their ADME, target organ exposure, and toxicity, but also in the identification of design principles that can minimize drug-drug interaction (DDI) potentials and reduce the attritions. The importance of membrane transporters in drug disposition, efficacy, and safety, as well as the interplay with metabolic processes, has been increasingly recognized. Dramatic increases in investments on new modalities beyond traditional small and large molecule drugs, such as peptides, oligonucleotides, and antibody-drug conjugates, necessitated further innovations in bioanalytical and experimental tools for the characterization of their ADME properties. In this review, we highlight some of the most notable advances in the last decade, and provide future perspectives on potential major breakthroughs and innovations in the translation of DMPK science in various stages of drug discovery and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurong Lai
- Drug Metabolism, Gilead Sciences Inc., Foster City, CA 94404, USA
| | - Xiaoyan Chu
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Drug Metabolism, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Li Di
- Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, CT 06340, USA
| | - Wei Gao
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Drug Metabolism, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Yingying Guo
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN 46221, USA
| | - Xingrong Liu
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Biogen, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Chuang Lu
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Accent Therapeutics, Inc. Lexington, MA 02421, USA
| | - Jialin Mao
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech, A Member of the Roche Group, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Hong Shen
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Department, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
| | - Huaping Tang
- Bioanalysis and Biomarkers, Glaxo Smith Kline, King of the Prussia, PA 19406, USA
| | - Cindy Q. Xia
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Lei Zhang
- Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, CDER, FDA, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Xinxin Ding
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
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A rapid quantitative method by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry for the measurement of anthocyanins and their metabolic characteristics in Sprague–Dawley rats. Eur Food Res Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-022-04034-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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41
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Kikuchi T, Hayashi A, Ikeda N, Morita O, Tasaki J. Multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2) is an efflux transporter of EGCG and its metabolites in the human small intestine. J Nutr Biochem 2022; 107:109071. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.109071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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42
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In silico deconjugation of glucuronide conjugates enhances tandem mass spectra library annotation of human samples. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:2629-2640. [PMID: 35080654 PMCID: PMC8888480 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-03899-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Mass spectral library annotation of liquid chromatography-high resolution tandem mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS/MS) data is a reliable approach for fast identification of organic contaminants and toxicants in complex environmental and biological matrices. While determining the exposure of humans or mammals, it is indispensable to include phase I and phase II metabolites (conjugates) along with the parent compounds, but often, tandem mass spectra for these are unavailable. In this study, we present and evaluate a strategy for annotating glucuronide conjugates in LC-HRMS/MS scans by applying a neutral loss search for detection, then truncating the spectra which we refer to as in silico deconjugation, and finally searching these against mass spectral libraries of the aglycones. The workflow was tested on a dataset of in vitro-generated glucuronides of reference standard mixtures and a dataset of 51 authentic urine samples collected from patients with known medication status, acquired on different instrumentations. A total number of 75 different glucuronidated molecular structures were identified by in silico deconjugation and spectral library annotation. We also identified specific molecular structures (sulfonamides, ether bonds, di-glucuronides), which resulted in slightly different fragmentation patterns between the glucuronide and the unconjugated compound. This led to a decreased spectral matching score and in some cases to a false-negative identification. Still, by applying this method, we revealed a reliable annotation of most common glucuronides, leading to a new strategy reducing the need for deconjugation steps or for recording many reference glucuronide spectra for screening approaches.
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Zhang XJ, Ji YX, Cheng X, Cheng Y, Yang H, Wang J, Zhao LP, Huang YP, Sun D, Xiang H, Shen LJ, Li PL, Ma JP, Tian RF, Yang J, Yao X, Xu H, Liao R, Xiao L, Zhang P, Zhang X, Zhao GN, Wang X, Hu ML, Tian S, Wan J, Cai J, Ma X, Xu Q, Wang Y, Touyz RM, Liu PP, Loomba R, She ZG, Li H. A small molecule targeting ALOX12-ACC1 ameliorates nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in mice and macaques. Sci Transl Med 2021; 13:eabg8116. [PMID: 34910548 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abg8116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jing Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China.,Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yan-Xiao Ji
- Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Xu Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China.,Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yanjie Cheng
- Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.,Medical Science Research Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Hailong Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China.,Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Junyong Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China.,Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Ling-Ping Zhao
- Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yong-Ping Huang
- Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.,College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Dating Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China.,Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Hui Xiang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China.,Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Li-Jun Shen
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China.,Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Peng-Long Li
- Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Jun-Peng Ma
- Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Rui-Feng Tian
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China.,Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Juan Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China.,Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Xinxin Yao
- Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Haibo Xu
- Department of Radiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Rufang Liao
- Department of Radiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Li Xiao
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Guang-Nian Zhao
- Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.,Medical Science Research Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Xi Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China.,Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Man-Li Hu
- Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.,Medical Science Research Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Song Tian
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China.,Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Juan Wan
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China.,Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Jingjing Cai
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Xinliang Ma
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19004, USA
| | - Qingbo Xu
- Centre for Clinic Pharmacology, The William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Yibin Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cardiovascular Research Laboratories, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Rhian M Touyz
- British Heart Foundation Chair in Cardiovascular Medicine, and Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Peter P Liu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario K1Y 4W7, Canada
| | - Rohit Loomba
- NAFLD Research Center, Division of Gastroenterology and Epidemiology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Zhi-Gang She
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China.,Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Hongliang Li
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China.,Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.,Medical Science Research Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
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Gao S, Siddiqui N, Etim I, Du T, Zhang Y, Liang D. Developing nutritional component chrysin as a therapeutic agent: Bioavailability and pharmacokinetics consideration, and ADME mechanisms. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 142:112080. [PMID: 34449320 PMCID: PMC8653576 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chrysin is a promising naturally occurring flavonoid mainly found in honey and propolis. Although chrysin's biological activities have been demonstrated and the mechanism of actions has been determined using in vitro and in vivo models, results from the current clinical studies were largely negative. A potential reason for chrysin's low efficacy in humans is poor oral bioavailability. In this paper, we reviewed the preclinical and clinical pharmacokinetics studies of chrysin and analyzed the mechanism of poor in vivo efficacy with emphasis on its bioavailability and ADME mechanism. Low aqueous solubility, rapid metabolism mediated by UGTs and SULT, efficient excretion through efflux transporters including BCRP and MRP2 are the major reasons causing poor systemic bioavailability for chrysin. However, because of efficient enterohepatic recycling facilitated by phase II metabolism and efflux, chrysin's bioavailability in the low GI tract is high. Thus, chrysin can be ideal for treating diseases in the terminal ileum and colon (e.g., carcinoma, local infection) since it is localized in the lower GI tract with limited delivery to other organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Gao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Texas Southern University, 3100 Cleburne Street, Houston, TX, USA 77004.
| | - Nyma Siddiqui
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Texas Southern University, 3100 Cleburne Street, Houston, TX, USA 77004
| | - Imoh Etim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Texas Southern University, 3100 Cleburne Street, Houston, TX, USA 77004
| | - Ting Du
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Texas Southern University, 3100 Cleburne Street, Houston, TX, USA 77004
| | - Yun Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Texas Southern University, 3100 Cleburne Street, Houston, TX, USA 77004
| | - Dong Liang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Texas Southern University, 3100 Cleburne Street, Houston, TX, USA 77004
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Long H, Hu X, Wang B, Wang Q, Wang R, Liu S, Xiong F, Jiang Z, Zhang XQ, Ye WC, Wang H. Discovery of Novel Apigenin-Piperazine Hybrids as Potent and Selective Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1 (PARP-1) Inhibitors for the Treatment of Cancer. J Med Chem 2021; 64:12089-12108. [PMID: 34404206 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) is a potential target for the discovery of chemosensitizers and anticancer drugs. Amentoflavone (AMF) is reported to be a selective PARP-1 inhibitor. Here, structural modifications and trimming of AMF have led to a series of AMF derivatives (9a-h) and apigenin-piperazine/piperidine hybrids (14a-p, 15a-p, 17a-h, and 19a-f), respectively. Among these compounds, 15l exhibited a potent PARP-1 inhibitory effect (IC50 = 14.7 nM) and possessed high selectivity to PARP-1 over PARP-2 (61.2-fold). Molecular dynamics simulation and the cellular thermal shift assay revealed that 15l directly bound to the PARP-1 structure. In in vitro and in vivo studies, 15l showed a potent chemotherapy sensitizing effect against A549 cells and a selective cytotoxic effect toward SK-OV-3 cells through PARP-1 inhibition. 15l·2HCl also displayed good ADME characteristics, pharmacokinetic parameters, and a desirable safety margin. These findings demonstrated that 15l·2HCl may serve as a lead compound for chemosensitizers and the (BRCA-1)-deficient cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Long
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of TCMs Pharmaceuticals, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of TCMs Pharmaceuticals, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Baolin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of TCMs Pharmaceuticals, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Quan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of TCMs Pharmaceuticals, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of TCMs Pharmaceuticals, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Shumeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of TCMs Pharmaceuticals, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenzhou Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Qi Zhang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Cai Ye
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of TCMs Pharmaceuticals, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
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Du T, Sun R, Etim I, Zheng Z, Liang D, Hu M, Gao S. Age-and Region-Dependent Disposition of Raloxifene in Rats. Pharm Res 2021; 38:1357-1367. [PMID: 34322833 PMCID: PMC8452384 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-021-03084-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Raloxifene undergoes extensive glucuronidation in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and the liver. However, the impact of age on raloxifene disposition has never been studied. The purpose of this paper is to determine glucuronidation and Pharmacokinetics (PK) profiles of raloxifene in rats at different ages. METHODS Raloxifene glucuronidation was characterized using S9 fractions prepared from different intestinal segments and the liver of F344 rats at 4-, 11-, and 28-week. PK studies were conducted to determine raloxifene oral bioavailability at different ages. Raloxifene and its glucuronides were quantified using LC-MS/MS. RESULTS Raloxifene-6-glucuronide and raloxifene-4'-glucuronide were detected as the major metabolites and the ratio of these two glucuronides were different ranging from 2.1 to 4.9 folds in the ileum, jejunum, liver, and duodenum, and from 14.5 to 50 folds in the colon. The clearances in the duodenum at 4-week for both two glucuronides were significantly lower than those at the other two ages. PK studies showed that the oral bioavailability of raloxifene is age dependent. The absolute oral bioavailability of raloxifene was 3.5-folds higher at 4-week compared to that at 11-weeks. When raloxifene was administered through IV bolus, its half-life was 5.9 ± 1.16 h and 3.7 ± 0.68 h at 11-and 4-week, respectively. CONCLUSION These findings suggested that raloxifene metabolism in the duodenum was significantly slower at young age in rats, which increased the oral bioavailability of raloxifene. At 11-week, enterohepatic recycling efficiency was higher than that of 4-week. Raloxifene's dose at different ages should be carefully considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Du
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Texas Southern University, 3100 Cleburne St, Houston, Texas, 77004, USA
| | - Rongjin Sun
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Houston, 4901 Calhoun Street, Houston, Texas, 77204, USA
| | - Imoh Etim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Texas Southern University, 3100 Cleburne St, Houston, Texas, 77004, USA
| | - Zicong Zheng
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Houston, 4901 Calhoun Street, Houston, Texas, 77204, USA
| | - Dong Liang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Texas Southern University, 3100 Cleburne St, Houston, Texas, 77004, USA
| | - Ming Hu
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Houston, 4901 Calhoun Street, Houston, Texas, 77204, USA.
| | - Song Gao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Texas Southern University, 3100 Cleburne St, Houston, Texas, 77004, USA.
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Weitman M, Bejar C, Melamed M, Weill T, Yanovsky I, Zeeli S, Nudelman A, Weinstock M. Comparison of the tissue distribution and metabolism of AN1284, a potent anti-inflammatory agent, after subcutaneous and oral administration in mice. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2021; 394:2077-2089. [PMID: 34309687 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-021-02125-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study is to compare the tissue distribution and metabolism of AN1284 after subcutaneous and oral administration at doses causing maximal reductions in IL-6 in plasma and tissues of mice. Anti-inflammatory activity of AN1284 and its metabolites was detected in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) activated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Mice were given AN1284 by injection or gavage, 15 min before LPS. IL-6 protein levels were measured after 4 h. Using a liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry method we developed, we showed that AN1284 is rapidly metabolized to the indole (AN1422), a 7-OH derivative (AN1280) and its glucuronide. AN1422 has weaker anti-inflammatory activity than AN1284 in LPS-activated macrophages and in mice. AN1284 (0.5 mg/kg) caused maximal reductions in IL-6 in the plasma, brain, and liver when injected subcutaneously and after gavage only in the liver. Similar reductions in the plasma and brain required a dose of 2.5 mg/kg, which resulted in 5.5-fold higher hepatic levels than after injection of 0.5 mg/kg, but 7, 11, and 19-fold lower ones in the plasma, brain, and kidneys, respectively. Hepatic concentrations produced by AN1284 were 2.5 mg/kg/day given by subcutaneously implanted mini-pumps that were only 12% of the peak levels seen after acute injection of 0.5 mg/kg. Similar hepatic concentrations were obtained by (1 mg/kg/day), administered in the drinking fluid. These were sufficient to decrease hepatocellular damage and liver triglycerides in previous experiments in diabetic mice. AN1284 can be given orally by a method of continuous release to treat chronic liver disease, and its preferential concentration in the liver should limit any adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Weitman
- Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, 5290002, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Corina Bejar
- Institute of Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Ein Kerem, 9112002, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Michal Melamed
- Institute of Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Ein Kerem, 9112002, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Tehilla Weill
- Institute of Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Ein Kerem, 9112002, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Inessa Yanovsky
- Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, 5290002, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Shani Zeeli
- Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, 5290002, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Abraham Nudelman
- Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, 5290002, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Marta Weinstock
- Institute of Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Ein Kerem, 9112002, Jerusalem, Israel.
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Glucuronides Hydrolysis by Intestinal Microbial β-Glucuronidases (GUS) Is Affected by Sampling, Enzyme Preparation, Buffer pH, and Species. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13071043. [PMID: 34371734 PMCID: PMC8309147 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13071043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucuronides hydrolysis by intestinal microbial β-Glucuronidases (GUS) is an important procedure for many endogenous and exogenous compounds. The purpose of this study is to determine the impact of experimental conditions on glucuronide hydrolysis by intestinal microbial GUS. Standard probe 4-Nitrophenyl β-D-glucopyranoside (pNPG) and a natural glucuronide wogonoside were used as the model compounds. Feces collection time, buffer conditions, interindividual, and species variations were evaluated by incubating the substrates with enzymes. The relative reaction activity of pNPG, reaction rates, and reaction kinetics for wogonoside were calculated. Fresh feces showed the highest hydrolysis activities. Sonication increased total protein yield during enzyme preparation. The pH of the reaction system increased the activity in 0.69–1.32-fold, 2.9–12.9-fold, and 0.28–1.56-fold for mouse, rat, and human at three different concentrations of wogonoside, respectively. The Vmax for wogonoside hydrolysis was 2.37 ± 0.06, 4.48 ± 0.11, and 5.17 ± 0.16 μmol/min/mg and Km was 6.51 ± 0.71, 3.04 ± 0.34, and 0.34 ± 0.047 μM for mouse, rat, and human, respectively. The inter-individual difference was significant (4–6-fold) using inbred rats as the model animal. Fresh feces should be used to avoid activity loss and sonication should be utilized in enzyme preparation to increase hydrolysis activity. The buffer pH should be appropriate according to the species. Inter-individual and species variations were significant.
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49
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Schuler G. Steroid sulfates in domestic mammals and laboratory rodents. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2021; 76:106622. [PMID: 33765496 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2021.106622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Historically steroid sulfates have been considered predominantly as inactive metabolites. It was later discovered that by cleavage of the sulfate residue by steroid sulfatase (STS), they can be (re-)converted into active forms or into precursors for the local production of active steroids. This sulfatase pathway is now a very active field of research, which has gained considerable interest particularly in connection with the steroid metabolism of human steroid hormone-dependent cancer tissue. In comparison, there is much less information available on the occurrence of the sulfatase pathway in physiological settings, where the targeted uptake of steroid sulfates by specific transporters and their hydrolysis could serve to limit steroid effects to a subgroup of potentially steroid responsive cells. In humans, steroid sulfates of adrenal origin circulate in intriguingly high concentrations throughout most of life. Thus, ample substrate is available for the sulfatase pathway regardless of sex. However, the abundant adrenal output of steroid sulfates is a specific feature of select primates. Compared to humans, in our domestic mammals (dogs, cats, domestic ungulates) and laboratory rodents (mouse, rat) research into the biology of steroid sulfates is still in its infancy and information on the subject has so far been largely limited to punctual observations, which indicate considerable species-specific peculiarities. The aim of this overview is to provide a summary of the relevant information available in the above-mentioned species, predominantly taking into account data on concentrations of steroid sulfates in blood as well as the expression patterns and activities of relevant sulfotransferases and STS.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Schuler
- Veterinary Clinic for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Andrology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
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Zhu J, Liu W, Zhang M, Lu L, Pan H, He X, Wang N, Yang M, Yi H, Tang S. A validation study of the UGT1A4 rs2011404 variant and the risk of anti-tuberculosis drug-induced hepatotoxicity in an Eastern Chinese Han population. J Clin Pharm Ther 2021; 46:1288-1294. [PMID: 34046917 DOI: 10.1111/jcpt.13452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE Anti-tuberculosis (anti-TB) drug-induced hepatotoxicity (ATDH) is a serious adverse drug reaction. A recent study found that the rs2011404 variant of uridine 5'-diphospho-glucuronosyl-transferase 1A4 (UGT1A4) is a marker of susceptibility to ATDH. The present study aimed to validate this relationship in an Eastern Chinese Han anti-TB treatment population. METHODS A 1:4 matched case-control study was conducted among anti-TB treatment patients in four regions of Jiangsu. ATDH was diagnosed based on the criteria from the Chinese Society of Hepatology and the updated Roussel Uclaf Causality Assessment Method. A conditional logistic regression model was used to estimate the association between rs2011404 genotypes and the risk of ATDH using odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) and smoking, drinking, hepatoprotectant use and liver diseases as covariates. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION A total of 202 ATDH cases and 808 controls were matched according to age, sex and treatment history. After correcting for potential confounding factors, conditional logistic regression analysis indicated no significant differences in genotypes between the two groups (CC vs. TC: OR = 0.933, 95% CI: 0.457-1.905, p = 0.849). Subgroup analysis suggested that patients carrying the CC genotype at rs2011404 in UGT1A4 were at a reduced risk of moderate or severe liver injury (OR = 0.293, 95% CI: 0.093-0.921, p = 0.036). WHAT IS NEW AND CONCLUSION Based on a 1:4 individual matched case-control study, possessing the CC genotype at rs2011404 of the UGT1A4 gene reduces the risk of moderate or severe liver injury in Eastern Chinese Han patients receiving anti-TB treatment. Further research is warranted to explain the role of the UGT1A4 gene and its contribution to individual differences in susceptibility to ATDH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenpei Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Meiling Zhang
- Department of Infectious Disease, The Jurong Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Jurong, China
| | - Lihuan Lu
- Department of Tuberculosis, The Second People's Hospital of Changshu, Changshu, China
| | - Hongqiu Pan
- Department of Tuberculosis, The Third People's Hospital of Zhenjiang Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xiaomin He
- Department of Infectious Disease, The People's Hospital of Taixing, Taixing, China
| | - Nannan Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Miaomiao Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Honggang Yi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shaowen Tang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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