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Brown ER, Gettler LT, Rosenbaum S. Effects of social environments on male primate HPG and HPA axis developmental programming. Dev Psychobiol 2024; 66:e22491. [PMID: 38698633 DOI: 10.1002/dev.22491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Developmental plasticity is particularly important for humans and other primates because of our extended period of growth and maturation, during which our phenotypes adaptively respond to environmental cues. The hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) and hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axes are likely to be principal targets of developmental "programming" given their roles in coordinating fitness-relevant aspects of the phenotype, including sexual development, adult reproductive and social strategies, and internal responses to the external environment. In social animals, including humans, the social environment is believed to be an important source of cues to which these axes may adaptively respond. The effects of early social environments on the HPA axis have been widely studied in humans, and to some extent, in other primates, but there are still major gaps in knowledge specifically relating to males. There has also been relatively little research examining the role that social environments play in developmental programming of the HPG axis or the HPA/HPG interface, and what does exist disproportionately focuses on females. These topics are likely understudied in males in part due to the difficulty of identifying developmental milestones in males relative to females and the general quiescence of the HPG axis prior to maturation. However, there are clear indicators that early life social environments matter for both sexes. In this review, we examine what is known about the impact of social environments on HPG and HPA axis programming during male development in humans and nonhuman primates, including the role that epigenetic mechanisms may play in this programming. We conclude by highlighting important next steps in this research area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ella R Brown
- Department of Anthropology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Lee T Gettler
- Department of Anthropology, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
- Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
| | - Stacy Rosenbaum
- Department of Anthropology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Liebert MA, Urlacher SS, Madimenos FC, Gildner TE, Cepon-Robins TJ, Harrington CJ, Bribiescas RG, Sugiyama LS, Snodgrass JJ. Variation in diurnal cortisol patterns among the Indigenous Shuar of Amazonian Ecuador. Am J Hum Biol 2024:e24056. [PMID: 38517108 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.24056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and its primary end product, the glucocorticoid cortisol, are major components of the evolved human stress response. However, most studies have examined these systems among populations in high-income settings, which differ from the high pathogen and limited resource contexts in which the HPA axis functioned for most of human evolution. METHODS We investigated variability in diurnal salivary cortisol patterns among 298 Indigenous Shuar from Amazonian Ecuador (147 males, 151 females; age 2-86 years), focusing on the effects of age, biological sex, and body mass index (BMI) in shaping differences in diurnal cortisol production. Saliva samples were collected three times daily (waking, 30 minutes post-waking, evening) for three consecutive days to measure key cortisol parameters: levels at waking, the cortisol awakening response, the diurnal slope, and total daily output. RESULTS Age was positively associated with waking levels and total daily output, with Shuar juveniles and adolescents displaying significantly lower levels than adults (p < .05). Sex was not a significant predictor of cortisol levels (p > .05), as Shuar males and females displayed similar patterns of diurnal cortisol production across the life course. Moreover, age, sex, and BMI significantly interacted to moderate the rate of diurnal cortisol decline (p = .027). Overall, Shuar demonstrated relatively lower cortisol concentrations than high-income populations. CONCLUSIONS This study expands the documented range of global variation in HPA axis activity and diurnal cortisol production and provides important insights into the plasticity of human stress physiology across diverse developmental and socioecological settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A Liebert
- Department of Anthropology, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA
| | - Samuel S Urlacher
- Department of Anthropology, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
- Child and Brain Development Program, CIFAR, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Felicia C Madimenos
- Department of Anthropology, Queens College (CUNY), Flushing, New York, USA
- New York Consortium of Evolutionary Primatology (NYCEP), CUNY Graduate Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Theresa E Gildner
- Department of Anthropology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Tara J Cepon-Robins
- Department of Anthropology, University of Colorado, Colorado Springs, Colorado, Springs, Colorado, USA
| | | | | | | | - J Josh Snodgrass
- Department of Anthropology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, USA
- Center for Global Health, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, USA
- Global Station for Indigenous Studies and Cultural Diversity, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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Picci G, Casagrande CC, Ott LR, Petro NM, Christopher‐Hayes NJ, Johnson HJ, Willett MP, Okelberry HJ, Wang Y, Stephen JM, Calhoun VD, Wilson TW. Dehydroepiandrosterone mediates associations between trauma-related symptoms and anterior pituitary volume in children and adolescents. Hum Brain Mapp 2023; 44:6388-6398. [PMID: 37853842 PMCID: PMC10681633 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The anterior pituitary gland (PG) is a potential locus of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis responsivity to early life stress, with documented associations between dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) levels and anterior PG volumes. In adults, elevated anxiety/depressive symptoms are related to diminished DHEA levels, and studies have shown a positive relationship between DHEA and anterior pituitary volumes. However, specific links between responses to stress, DHEA levels, and anterior pituitary volume have not been established in developmental samples. METHODS High-resolution T1-weighted MRI scans were collected from 137 healthy youth (9-17 years; Mage = 12.99 (SD = 1.87); 49% female; 85% White, 4% Indigenous, 1% Asian, 4% Black, 4% multiracial, 2% not reported). The anterior and posterior PGs were manually traced by trained raters. We examined the mediating effects of salivary DHEA on trauma-related symptoms (i.e., anxiety, depression, and posttraumatic) and PG volumes as well as an alternative model examining mediating effects of PG volume on DHEA and trauma-related symptoms. RESULTS DHEA mediated the association between anxiety symptoms and anterior PG volume. Specifically, higher anxiety symptoms related to lower DHEA levels, which in turn were related to smaller anterior PG. CONCLUSIONS These results shed light on the neurobiological sequelae of elevated anxiety in youth and are consistent with adult findings showing suppressed levels of DHEA in those with greater comorbid anxiety and depression. Specifically, adolescents with greater subclinical anxiety may exhibit diminished levels of DHEA during the pubertal window, which may be associated with disruptions in anterior PG growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Picci
- Institute for Human NeuroscienceBoys Town National Research HospitalBoys TownNebraskaUSA
- Center for Pediatric Brain HealthBoys Town National Research HospitalBoys TownNebraskaUSA
| | - Chloe C. Casagrande
- Institute for Human NeuroscienceBoys Town National Research HospitalBoys TownNebraskaUSA
| | - Lauren R. Ott
- Institute for Human NeuroscienceBoys Town National Research HospitalBoys TownNebraskaUSA
| | - Nathan M. Petro
- Institute for Human NeuroscienceBoys Town National Research HospitalBoys TownNebraskaUSA
| | | | - Hallie J. Johnson
- Institute for Human NeuroscienceBoys Town National Research HospitalBoys TownNebraskaUSA
| | - Madelyn P. Willett
- Institute for Human NeuroscienceBoys Town National Research HospitalBoys TownNebraskaUSA
| | - Hannah J. Okelberry
- Institute for Human NeuroscienceBoys Town National Research HospitalBoys TownNebraskaUSA
| | - Yu‐Ping Wang
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringTulane UniversityNew OrleansLouisianaUSA
| | | | - Vince D. Calhoun
- Tri‐Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS)Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of technology, and Emory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Tony W. Wilson
- Institute for Human NeuroscienceBoys Town National Research HospitalBoys TownNebraskaUSA
- Center for Pediatric Brain HealthBoys Town National Research HospitalBoys TownNebraskaUSA
- Department of Pharmacology & NeuroscienceCreighton UniversityOmahaNebraskaUSA
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Li R, Lopez DA, Gupta M, Palermo TM. Pubertal development and pain incidence and characteristics in children: a 1-year prospective cohort study of a national sample. Pain 2023; 164:2725-2736. [PMID: 37343155 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Sex differences in pain become apparent during puberty. However, the influence of key pubertal characteristics and pubertal hormones on pain is largely unknown. We examined the prospective associations between self-reported and hormone-indicated pubertal characteristics and pain incidence and severity in 10- to 11-year-old pain-free youth in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study over 1 year. Puberty was measured at baseline and follow-up with self-report (Pubertal Development Scale [PDS]) and hormonal assessment (salivary dehydroepiandrosterone [DHEA], testosterone, and estradiol). Pain status (yes/no), intensity, and interference (0-10 numerical rating scale) in the past month were self-reported at follow-up. Pubertal maturity, progression, and asynchrony were examined in relation to pain onset and severity through confounder-adjusted generalized estimating equations modified Poisson and linear mixed regression models. Among 6631 pain-free youth at baseline, 1-year incident pain was 30.7%. In both sexes, higher PDS scores were associated with greater risk of pain onset (relative risk [RR] = 1.10 to 1.27, P s < 0.01). In boys, higher PDS item variance was associated with greater pain incidence (RR = 1.11, 95% CI, 1.03-1.20) and interference (beta = 0.40, 95% CI, 0.03-0.76); higher PDS overall and gonadal scores were associated with higher pain intensity ( P s < 0.05). Associations with hormones were seen in boys only, with each 10-fold higher testosterone levels associated with a 40% lower risk of pain incidence (95% CI, -55% to -22%) and 1.30-point lower (95% CI, -2.12 to -0.48) pain intensity, and higher DHEA levels were associated with lower pain intensity ( P = 0.020). Relationships between pubertal development and pain in peripubertal adolescents are sex specific and puberty measurement specific and warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Li
- Center for Child Health, Behavior and Development, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Daniel A Lopez
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Meenal Gupta
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Tonya M Palermo
- Center for Child Health, Behavior and Development, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States
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Picci G, Ott LR, Penhale SH, Taylor BK, Johnson HJ, Willett MP, Okelberry HJ, Wang Y, Calhoun VD, Stephen JM, Wilson TW. Developmental changes in endogenous testosterone have sexually-dimorphic effects on spontaneous cortical dynamics. Hum Brain Mapp 2023; 44:6043-6054. [PMID: 37811842 PMCID: PMC10619376 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The transition from childhood to adolescence is associated with an influx of sex hormones, which not only facilitates physical and behavioral changes, but also dramatic changes in neural circuitry. While previous work has shown that pubertal hormones modulate structural and functional brain development, few of these studies have focused on the impact that such hormones have on spontaneous cortical activity, and whether these effects are modulated by sex during this critical developmental window. Herein, we examined the effect of endogenous testosterone on spontaneous cortical activity in 71 typically-developing youth (ages 10-17 years; 32 male). Participants completed a resting-state magnetoencephalographic (MEG) recording, structural MRI, and provided a saliva sample for hormone analysis. MEG data were source-reconstructed and the power within five canonical frequency bands (delta, theta, alpha, beta, and gamma) was computed. The resulting power spectral density maps were analyzed via vertex-wise ANCOVAs to identify spatially specific effects of testosterone and sex by testosterone interactions, while covarying out age. We found robust sex differences in the modulatory effects of testosterone on spontaneous delta, beta, and gamma activity. These interactions were largely confined to frontal cortices and exhibited a stark switch in the directionality of the correlation from the low (delta) to high frequencies (beta/gamma). For example, in the delta band, greater testosterone related to lower relative power in prefrontal cortices in boys, while the reverse pattern was found for girls. These data suggest testosterone levels are uniquely related to the development of spontaneous cortical dynamics during adolescence, and such levels are associated with different developmental patterns in males and females within regions implicated in executive functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Picci
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research HospitalBoys TownNebraskaUSA
- Center for Pediatric Brain Health, Boys Town National Research HospitalBoys TownNebraskaUSA
| | - Lauren R. Ott
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research HospitalBoys TownNebraskaUSA
- Center for Pediatric Brain Health, Boys Town National Research HospitalBoys TownNebraskaUSA
| | - Samantha H. Penhale
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research HospitalBoys TownNebraskaUSA
- Center for Pediatric Brain Health, Boys Town National Research HospitalBoys TownNebraskaUSA
| | - Brittany K. Taylor
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research HospitalBoys TownNebraskaUSA
- Center for Pediatric Brain Health, Boys Town National Research HospitalBoys TownNebraskaUSA
| | - Hallie J. Johnson
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research HospitalBoys TownNebraskaUSA
- Center for Pediatric Brain Health, Boys Town National Research HospitalBoys TownNebraskaUSA
| | - Madelyn P. Willett
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research HospitalBoys TownNebraskaUSA
- Center for Pediatric Brain Health, Boys Town National Research HospitalBoys TownNebraskaUSA
| | - Hannah J. Okelberry
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research HospitalBoys TownNebraskaUSA
- Center for Pediatric Brain Health, Boys Town National Research HospitalBoys TownNebraskaUSA
| | - Yu‐Ping Wang
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringTulane UniversityNew OrleansLouisianaUSA
| | - Vince D. Calhoun
- Tri‐Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of TechnologyEmory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | | | - Tony W. Wilson
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research HospitalBoys TownNebraskaUSA
- Center for Pediatric Brain Health, Boys Town National Research HospitalBoys TownNebraskaUSA
- Department of Pharmacology & NeuroscienceCreighton UniversityOmahaNebraskaUSA
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Yeasmin S, Ullah A, Wu B, Zhang X, Cheng LJ. Hybrid Functional Polymer-Enabled Multiplexed Chemosensor Patch for Wearable Adrenocortex Stress Profiling. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:50034-50046. [PMID: 37851924 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c11374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Measuring bioactive stress hormones, including cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), allows for evaluating the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis functioning, offering valuable insights into an individual's stress response through adrenocortex stress profiles (ASPs). Conventional methods for detecting steroid hormones involve sample collections and competitive immunoassays, which suffer from drawbacks such as time-consuming labeling and binding procedures, reliance on unstable biological receptors, and the need for sophisticated instruments. Here, we report a label-free and external redox reagent-free amperometric assay directly detecting sweat cortisol and DHEA levels on the skin. The approach utilizes multitarget sensors based on redox-active molecularly imprinted polymers (redox MIPs) capable of selectively binding cortisol and DHEA, inducing changes in electrochemical redox features. The redox MIP consists of imprinted cavities for specific capture of cortisol or DHEA in a poly(pyrrole-co-(dimethylamino)pyrrole) copolymer containing hydrophobic moieties to enhance affinity toward steroid hormones. The polymer matrix also incorporates covalently linked interpenetrating redox-active polyvinylferrocene, offering a stable electrochemical redox feature that enables sensitive current change in response to the target capture in the vicinity. The multiplexed sensor detects cortisol and DHEA within 5 min, with detection limits of 115 and 390 pM, respectively. Through the integration of redox MIP sensors into a wireless wearable sensing system, we successfully achieved ambulatory detection of these two steroid hormones in sweat directly on the skin. The new sensing method facilitates rapid, robust determination of the cortisol-DHEA ratio, providing a promising avenue for point-of-care assessment of an individual's physiological state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjida Yeasmin
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Ahasan Ullah
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Bo Wu
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Xueqiao Zhang
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Li-Jing Cheng
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
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Gavate ND, Shetty S, Nayak RS, K V, Narayan A, K R C. Assessment of dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEAS) and cortisol levels in saliva and their correlation to cervical vertebrae maturation method in males and females at different growth stages: a clinical study. Dental Press J Orthod 2023; 28:e2322277. [PMID: 37646739 PMCID: PMC10452376 DOI: 10.1590/2177-6709.28.4.e2322277.oar] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this in-vivo study was to assess the salivary dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEAS) and cortisol levels, and their correlation to the Cervical Vertebrae Maturation method (CVM) in males and females at pre-pubertal, pubertal and post-pubertal growth stages. METHODS 48 patients (24 males, 24 females) who were to undergo routine orthodontic treatment were screened according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Then subjects were grouped according to CVM stages, using lateral cephalogram, in pre-pubertal, pubertal and post-pubertal groups. Unstimulated saliva from the selected subjects was collected. DHEAS and cortisol levels in the salivary samples were estimated by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Then they were compared to Cervical Vertebrae Maturation Method stages. One-way ANOVA test followed by Tukey's post-hoc test was used to compare the salivary DHEAS and cortisol levels between different CVM stages in males and females. Independent Student t-test was used to compare the mean salivary DHEAS and cortisol levels between different males and females in each CVM stage. RESULT There was a progressive increase in salivary DHEAS and cortisol concentration as skeletal maturation progressed from CVM stages 1 and 2, CVM stages 3 and 4, reaching the highest value at CVM stages 5 and 6. Their levels were higher in males than females. CONCLUSION The salivary DHEAS and cortisol levels can be useful as a potential indicator of skeletal maturation, to aid in the assessment of pubertal status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Dattatraya Gavate
- Mathrusri Ramabai Ambedkar Dental College & Hospital, Department of Orthodontics (Bangalore/India)
| | - Smitha Shetty
- Mathrusri Ramabai Ambedkar Dental College & Hospital, Department of Orthodontics (Bangalore/India)
| | - Rabindra S Nayak
- Mathrusri Ramabai Ambedkar Dental College & Hospital, Department of Orthodontics (Bangalore/India)
| | - Vinay K
- Mathrusri Ramabai Ambedkar Dental College & Hospital, Department of Orthodontics (Bangalore/India)
| | - Anjali Narayan
- Mathrusri Ramabai Ambedkar Dental College & Hospital, Department of Orthodontics (Bangalore/India)
| | - Chaitra K R
- Mathrusri Ramabai Ambedkar Dental College & Hospital, Department of Orthodontics (Bangalore/India)
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Mariko H, Uban KA. The implications of socioeconomic factors on salivary bioscience methodological variables in a large pediatric multi-site study. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1088043. [PMID: 37427258 PMCID: PMC10327643 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1088043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Salivary bioscience has found increased utilization within pediatric research, given the non-invasive nature of self-collecting saliva for measuring biological markers. With this growth in pediatric utility, more understanding is needed of how social-contextual factors, such as socioeconomic factors or status (SES), influence salivary bioscience in large multi-site studies. Socioeconomic factors have been shown to influence non-salivary analyte levels across childhood and adolescent development. However, less is understood about relationships between these socioeconomic factors and salivary collection methodological variables (e.g., time of saliva collection from waking, time of day of saliva collection, physical activity prior to saliva collection, and caffeine intake prior to saliva collection). Variability in salivary methodological variables between participants may impact the levels of analytes measured in a salivary sample, thus serving as a potential mechanism for non-random systematic biases in analytes. Methods Our objective is to examine relationships between socioeconomic factors and salivary bioscience methodological variables within the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study© cohort of children aged 9-10 years old (n = 10,567 participants with saliva samples). Results We observed significant associations between household socioeconomic factors (poverty status, education) and salivary collection methodological variables (time since waking, time of day of sampling, physical activity, and caffeine intake). Moreover, lower levels of household poverty and education were significantly associated with more sources of potential bias in salivary collection methodological variables (e.g., longer times since waking, collections later in the day, higher odds of caffeine consumption, and lower odds of physical activity). Consistent associations were not observed with neighborhood socioeconomic factors and salivary methodological variables. Discussion Previous literature demonstrates associations between collection methodological variables and measurements of salivary analyte levels, particularly with analytes that are more sensitive to circadian rhythms, pH levels, or rigorous physical activity. Our novel findings suggest that unintended distortions in measured salivary analyte values, potentially resulting from the non-random systematic biases in salivary methodology, need to be intentionally incorporated into analyses and interpretation of results. This is particularly salient for future studies interested in examining underlying mechanisms of childhood socioeconomic health inequities in future analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hawa Mariko
- Program in Public Health, Susan and Henry Samueli College of Health Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Salivary Bioscience Research, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Kristina A. Uban
- Program in Public Health, Susan and Henry Samueli College of Health Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Salivary Bioscience Research, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
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Chaku N, Barry K. Exploring profiles of hormone exposure: Associations with cognition in a population‐based cohort of early adolescents. INFANT AND CHILD DEVELOPMENT 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/icd.2415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Chaku
- Department of Psychology University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan USA
- Psychological and Brain Science Indiana University Bloomington IN USA
| | - Kelly Barry
- Department of Psychology University of Houston Houston Texas USA
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Marciniak M, Sato M, Rutkowski R, Zawada A, Juchacz A, Mahadea D, Grzymisławski M, Dobrowolska A, Kawka E, Korybalska K, Bręborowicz A, Witowski J, Kanikowska D. Effect of the one-day fasting on cortisol and DHEA daily rhythm regarding sex, chronotype, and age among obese adults. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1078508. [PMID: 36814510 PMCID: PMC9940638 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1078508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Physiological and biochemical processes in the human body occur in a specific order and show rhythmic variability. Time dependence characterizes the secretion of cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA). One-day fasting implies alternating fasting days and eating days. The study aimed to determine how 24-h fasting affects the daily rhythm of cortisol and DHEA levels in obese people while taking into account gender and chronotype. Methods Forty-nine obese patients (BMI 32.2-67.1 kg/m2; 25 women and 24 men) underwent a 3-week hospital-controlled calorie restriction diet to reduce body weight. During hospitalization, patients fasted for 1 day, during which only water could be consumed. Samples of whole mixed unstimulated saliva were collected at 2-3-h intervals over a 64-h period and analyzed for cortisol and DHEA by immunoassays. The individual chronotypes were assessed by the morning and evening questionnaire, according to Horne and Östberg. Three components of daily rhythm were evaluated: amplitude, acrophase, and the so-called MESOR. Results Cortisol rhythm showed differences in amplitude (p = 0.0127) and acrophase (p = 0.0005). The amplitude on the fasting day was 11% higher (p = 0.224) than the day after. The acrophase advanced on the day of fasting, 48 min earlier than the day before (p = 0.0064), and by 39 min to the day after fasting (p = 0.0005). In the rhythm of DHEA, differences were found in the MESOR (p = 0.0381). The MESOR on the fasting day increased. Discussion Our results obtained during 64 consecutive hours of saliva sampling suggest that one-day fasting may affect three components of cortisol and DHEA daily rhythm. Additionally, no differences were found in the daily rhythm between the morning and evening chronotypes and between females and males. Although aging did not influence daily cortisol rhythm, DHEA amplitude, MESOR, and acrophase changed with age. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first presentation of changes in DHEA rhythm during one-day fasting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martyna Marciniak
- Department of Pathophysiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland,Department of Gastroenterology, Dietetics and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Science, Poznan, Poland
| | - Maki Sato
- Institutional Research, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Rafał Rutkowski
- Department of Pathophysiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Zawada
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dietetics and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Science, Poznan, Poland
| | - Aldona Juchacz
- Greater Poland Center of Pulmonology and Thoracic Surgery of Eugenia and Janusz Zeyland, Poznan, Poland
| | - Dagmara Mahadea
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dietetics and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Science, Poznan, Poland
| | - Marian Grzymisławski
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dietetics and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Science, Poznan, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Dobrowolska
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dietetics and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Science, Poznan, Poland
| | - Edyta Kawka
- Department of Pathophysiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Korybalska
- Department of Pathophysiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Andrzej Bręborowicz
- Department of Pathophysiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland,Collegium Medicum, Zielona Góra University, Zielona Góra, Poland
| | - Janusz Witowski
- Department of Pathophysiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Dominika Kanikowska
- Department of Pathophysiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland,*Correspondence: Dominika Kanikowska,
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Fung MH, Heinrichs-Graham E, Taylor BK, Frenzel MR, Eastman JA, Wang YP, Calhoun VD, Stephen JM, Wilson TW. The development of sensorimotor cortical oscillations is mediated by pubertal testosterone. Neuroimage 2022; 264:119745. [PMID: 36368502 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Puberty is a period of substantial hormonal fluctuations, and pubertal hormones can modulate structural and functional changes in the developing brain. Many previous studies have characterized the neural oscillatory responses serving movement, which include a beta event-related desynchronization (ERD) preceding movement onset, gamma and theta responses coinciding with movement execution, and a post-movement beta-rebound (PMBR) response following movement offset. While a few studies have investigated the developmental trajectories of these neural oscillations serving motor control, the impact of pubertal hormone levels on the maturation of these dynamics has not yet been examined. Since the timing and tempo of puberty varies greatly between individuals, pubertal hormones may uniquely impact the maturation of motor cortical oscillations distinct from other developmental metrics, such as age. In the current study we quantified these oscillations using magnetoencephalography (MEG) and utilized chronological age and measures of endogenous testosterone as indices of development during the transition from childhood to adolescence in 69 youths. Mediation analyses revealed complex maturation patterns for the beta ERD, in which testosterone predicted both spontaneous baseline and ERD power through direct and indirect effects. Age, but not pubertal hormones, predicted motor-related theta, and no relationships between oscillatory responses and developmental metrics were found for gamma or PMBR responses. These findings provide novel insight into how pubertal hormones affect motor-related oscillations, and highlight the continued development of motor cortical dynamics throughout the pubertal period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison H Fung
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA
| | - Elizabeth Heinrichs-Graham
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA; Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Brittany K Taylor
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA; Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Michaela R Frenzel
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA
| | - Jacob A Eastman
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA
| | - Yu-Ping Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Vince D Calhoun
- Tri-institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | | | - Tony W Wilson
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA; Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, USA.
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12
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Penhale SH, Picci G, Ott LR, Taylor BK, Frenzel MR, Eastman JA, Wang YP, Calhoun VD, Stephen JM, Wilson TW. Impacts of adrenarcheal DHEA levels on spontaneous cortical activity during development. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2022; 57:101153. [PMID: 36174268 PMCID: PMC9519481 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) production is closely associated with the first pubertal hormonal event, adrenarche. Few studies have documented the relationships between DHEA and functional brain development, with even fewer examining the associations between DHEA and spontaneous cortical activity during the resting-state. Thus, whether DHEA levels are associated with the known developmental shifts in the brain's idling cortical rhythms remains poorly understood. Herein, we examined spontaneous cortical activity in 71 typically-developing youth (9-16 years; 32 male) using magnetoencephalography (MEG). MEG data were source imaged and the power within five canonical frequency bands (delta, theta, alpha, beta, gamma) was computed to identify spatially- and spectrally-specific effects of salivary DHEA and DHEA-by-sex interactions using vertex-wise ANCOVAs. Our results indicated robust increases in power with increasing DHEA within parieto-occipital cortices in all frequency bands except alpha, which decreased with increasing DHEA. In the delta band, DHEA and sex interacted within frontal and temporal cortices such that with increasing DHEA, males exhibited increasing power while females showed decreasing power. These data suggest that spontaneous cortical activity changes with endogenous DHEA levels during the transition from childhood to adolescence, particularly in sensory and attentional processing regions. Sexually-divergent trajectories were only observed in later-developing frontal cortical areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha H Penhale
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA
| | - Giorgia Picci
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA
| | - Lauren R Ott
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA
| | - Brittany K Taylor
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA; Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Michaela R Frenzel
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA
| | - Jacob A Eastman
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA
| | - Yu-Ping Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Vince D Calhoun
- Tri-institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Tony W Wilson
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA; Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, USA.
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13
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Fung MH, Rahman RL, Taylor BK, Frenzel MR, Eastman JA, Wang Y, Calhoun VD, Stephen JM, Wilson TW. The impact of pubertal DHEA on the development of visuospatial oscillatory dynamics. Hum Brain Mapp 2022; 43:5154-5166. [PMID: 35778797 PMCID: PMC9812248 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The adolescent brain undergoes tremendous structural and functional changes throughout puberty. Previous research has demonstrated that pubertal hormones can modulate sexually dimorphic changes in cortical development, as well as age-related maturation of the neural activity underlying cognitive processes. However, the precise impact of pubertal hormones on these functional changes in the developing human brain remains poorly understood. In the current study, we quantified the neural oscillatory activity serving visuospatial processing using magnetoencephalography, and utilized measures of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) as an index of development during the transition from childhood to adolescence (i.e., puberty). Within a sample of typically developing youth (ages 9-15), a novel association between pubertal DHEA and theta oscillatory activity indicated that less mature children exhibited stronger neural responses in higher-order prefrontal cortices during the visuospatial task. Theta coherence between bilateral prefrontal regions also increased with increasing DHEA, such that network-level theta activity became more distributed with more maturity. Additionally, significant DHEA-by-sex interactions in the gamma range were centered on cortical regions relevant for attention processing. These findings suggest that pubertal DHEA may modulate the development of neural oscillatory activity serving visuospatial processing and attention functions during the pubertal period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison H. Fung
- Institute for Human NeuroscienceBoys Town National Research HospitalOmahaNebraskaUSA,Institute of Child DevelopmentUniversity of Minnesota‐Twin CitiesMinneapolisMinnesotaUSA
| | - Raeef L. Rahman
- Institute for Human NeuroscienceBoys Town National Research HospitalOmahaNebraskaUSA
| | - Brittany K. Taylor
- Institute for Human NeuroscienceBoys Town National Research HospitalOmahaNebraskaUSA
| | - Michaela R. Frenzel
- Institute for Human NeuroscienceBoys Town National Research HospitalOmahaNebraskaUSA
| | - Jacob A. Eastman
- Institute for Human NeuroscienceBoys Town National Research HospitalOmahaNebraskaUSA
| | - Yu‐Ping Wang
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringTulane UniversityNew OrleansLouisianaUSA
| | - Vince D. Calhoun
- Tri‐institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | | | - Tony W. Wilson
- Institute for Human NeuroscienceBoys Town National Research HospitalOmahaNebraskaUSA
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14
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Babarro I, Andiarena A, Fano E, García-Baquero G, Lebeña A, Arranz-Freijo EB, Ibarluzea J. Do prepubertal hormones, 2D:4D index and psychosocial context jointly explain 11-year-old preadolescents' involvement in bullying? Biol Psychol 2022; 172:108379. [PMID: 35690279 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2022.108379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bullying is a type of aggressive behavior that occurs repeatedly and intentionally in school environments and where there is a power imbalance. The main objective of this study was to analyze the association that hormones and the psychosocial context jointly have with bullying behavior. METHOD Participants were 302 11-year-old preadolescents from the Gipuzkoan cohort of the INMA Project. Bullying was assessed using the Olweus Bully/victim Questionnaire. Prenatal sexual hormones were assessed by calculating 2D:4D ratio and in order to measure prepubertal testosterone and cortisol levels saliva samples were collected within a week of each other. Additionally, various psychosocial factors were evaluated: executive function, family context, school environment and social context. To analyze our complex hypothesis, six metamodels were tested using structural equation modeling. RESULTS In relation to victims, results showed that victimization was related to worse school environment' perception in boys, and higher stress and conflict in the family in girls. In the case of their involvement in bullying as a bully, lower salivary cortisol levels, worse school environment' perception and lower peers and social support was related to being more frequently involved as a bully in boys, while having more family stress and conflict was related with being a bully in girls. CONCLUSIONS This approach makes it possible not only to explore the different biological and psychosocial factors affect bullying behavior, but also to explore associations between the predictor variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izaro Babarro
- Faculty of Psychology of the University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 20018 Donostia/San Sebastian, Spain; Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Group of Environmental Epidemiology and Child Development, 20014 Donostia/San Sebastian, Spain.
| | - Ainara Andiarena
- Faculty of Psychology of the University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 20018 Donostia/San Sebastian, Spain; Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Group of Environmental Epidemiology and Child Development, 20014 Donostia/San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Eduardo Fano
- Faculty of Psychology of the University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 20018 Donostia/San Sebastian, Spain; Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Group of Environmental Epidemiology and Child Development, 20014 Donostia/San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Gonzalo García-Baquero
- Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Group of Environmental Epidemiology and Child Development, 20014 Donostia/San Sebastian, Spain; Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrea Lebeña
- University of Linköping, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Enrique B Arranz-Freijo
- Faculty of Psychology of the University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 20018 Donostia/San Sebastian, Spain; Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Group of Environmental Epidemiology and Child Development, 20014 Donostia/San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Jesus Ibarluzea
- Faculty of Psychology of the University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 20018 Donostia/San Sebastian, Spain; Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Group of Environmental Epidemiology and Child Development, 20014 Donostia/San Sebastian, Spain; Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Ministry of Health of the Basque Government, Sub-Directorate for Public Health and Addictions of Gipuzkoa, 20013 Donostia/San Sebastian, Spain
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15
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Fung MH, Taylor BK, Embury CM, Spooner RK, Johnson HJ, Willett MP, Frenzel MR, Badura-Brack AS, White SF, Wilson TW. Cortisol changes in healthy children and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic. Stress 2022; 25:323-330. [PMID: 36168664 PMCID: PMC9744629 DOI: 10.1080/10253890.2022.2125798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused massive disruptions to daily life in the United States, closing schools and businesses and increasing physical and social isolation, leading to deteriorations in mental health and well-being in people of all ages. Many studies have linked chronic stress with long-term changes in cortisol secretion, which has been implicated in many stress-related physical and mental health problems that commonly emerge in adolescence. However, the physiological consequences of the pandemic in youth remain understudied. Using hair cortisol concentrations (HCC), we quantified average longitudinal changes in cortisol secretion across a four-month period capturing before, during, and after the transition to pandemic-lockdown conditions in a sample of healthy youth (n = 49). Longitudinal changes in HCC were analyzed using linear mixed-effects models. Perceived levels of pandemic-related stress were measured and compared to the physiological changes in HCC. In children and adolescents, cortisol levels significantly increased across the course of the pandemic. These youth reported a multitude of stressors during this time, although changes in HCC were not associated with self-reported levels of COVID-19-related distress. We provide evidence that youth are experiencing significant physiological changes in cortisol activity across the COVID-19 pandemic, yet these biological responses are not associated with perceived stress levels. Youth may be especially vulnerable to the deleterious impacts of chronic cortisol exposure due to their current status in the sensitive periods for development, and the incongruency between biological and psychological stress responses may further complicate these developmental problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison H. Fung
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Brittany K. Taylor
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Omaha, NE, USA
- Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Christine M. Embury
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Rachel K. Spooner
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Hallie J. Johnson
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Madelyn P. Willett
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Michaela R. Frenzel
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Omaha, NE, USA
| | | | - Stuart F. White
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Omaha, NE, USA
- Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Tony W. Wilson
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Omaha, NE, USA
- Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, USA
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16
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Perkins DR, Talbot JS, Lord RN, Dawkins TG, Baggish AL, Zaidi A, Uzun O, Mackintosh KA, McNarry MA, Cooper SM, Lloyd RS, Oliver JL, Shave RE, Stembridge M. The influence of maturation on exercise-induced cardiac remodelling and haematological adaptation. J Physiol 2021; 600:583-601. [PMID: 34935156 DOI: 10.1113/jp282282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS It has long been hypothesised that cardiovascular adaptation to endurance training is augmented following puberty. We investigated whether differences in cardiac and haematological variables exist, and to what extent, between endurance-trained vs. untrained, pre- and post-peak height velocity (PHV) children, and how these central factors relate to maximal oxygen consumption. Using echocardiography to quantify left ventricular (LV) morphology and carbon monoxide rebreathing to determine blood volume and haemoglobin mass, we identified that training-related differences in LV morphology are evident in pre-PHV children, with haematological differences also observed between pre-PHV girls. However, the breadth and magnitude of cardiovascular remodelling was more pronounced post-PHV. Cardiac and haematological measures provide significant predictive models for maximal oxygen consumption in children that are much stronger post-PHV, suggesting that other important determinants within the oxygen transport chain could account for the majority of variance in before puberty. ABSTRACT Cardiovascular and haematological adaptations to endurance training facilitate greater maximal oxygen consumption, and such adaptations maybe augmented following puberty. Therefore, we compared left ventricular (LV) morphology (echocardiography), blood volume, haemoglobin (Hb) mass (CO-rebreathe) and in endurance-trained and untrained boys (n = 42, age = 9.0-17.1 years, = 61.6±7.2 mL∙kg∙min, and n = 31, age = 8.0-17.7 years, O2max = 46.5±6.1 mL∙kg∙min, respectively) and girls (n = 45, age = 8.2-17.0 years, O2max = 51.4±5.7 mL∙kg∙min and n = 36, age = 8.0-17.6 years, O2max = 39.8±5.7 mL∙kg∙min, respectively). Pubertal stage was estimated via maturity offset, with participants classified as pre- or post-peak height velocity (PHV). Pre-PHV, only a larger LV end-diastolic volume/lean body mass (EDV/LBM) for trained boys (+0.28 mL∙kgLBM , P = 0.007) and a higher Hb mass/LBM for trained girls (+1.65 g∙kgLBM , P = 0.007) were evident compared to untrained controls. Post-PHV, LV mass/LBM (boys:+0.50 g∙kgLBM , P = 0.0003; girls:+0.35 g∙kgLBM , P = 0.003), EDV/LBM (boys:+0.35 mL∙kgLBM , P<0.0001; girls:+0.31 mL∙kgLBM, P = 0.0004), blood volume/LBM (boys:+12.47 mL∙kgLBM , P = 0.004; girls:+13.48 mL∙kgLBM , P = 0.0002.) and Hb mass/LBM (boys:+1.29 g∙kgLBM , P = 0.015; girls:+1.47 g∙kgLBM , P = 0.002) were all greater in trained vs. untrained groups. Pre-PHV, EDV (R2 adj = 0.224, P = 0.001) in boys, and Hb mass and interventricular septal thickness (R2 adj = 0.317, P = 0.002) in girls partially accounted for the variance in O2max . Post-PHV, stronger predictive models were evident via the inclusion of LV wall thickness and EDV in boys (R2 adj = 0.608, P<0.0001), and posterior wall thickness and Hb mass in girls (R2 adj = 0.490, P<0.0001). In conclusion, cardiovascular adaptation to exercise training is more pronounced post-PHV, with evidence for a greater role of central components for oxygen delivery. Abstract figure legend: Schematic diagram depicting cardiac structural and haematological differences between trained and untrained boys and girls, pre-peak height velocity (PHV) and post-PHV alongside cardiac and haematological variables contributions to the variance in O2max . Cardiac and haematological variables are greater in trained vs. untrained pre-pubertal children, and a greater number and magnitude of differences are observed at post-PHV. These variables provide significant predictive models for maximal oxygen consumption in children and are much stronger post-PHV, suggesting that other important determinants within the oxygen transport chain could account for the majority of variance in O2max before puberty. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean R Perkins
- Cardiff School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Jack S Talbot
- Cardiff School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel N Lord
- Cardiff School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Tony G Dawkins
- Cardiff School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.,Centre for Heart, Lung and Vascular Health, School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, Canada
| | - Aaron L Baggish
- Cardiovascular Performance Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - Abbas Zaidi
- University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Orhan Uzun
- University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Kelly A Mackintosh
- Applied Sports, Technology, Exercise and Medicine (A-STEM) Research Centre, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - Melitta A McNarry
- Applied Sports, Technology, Exercise and Medicine (A-STEM) Research Centre, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen-Mark Cooper
- Cardiff School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Rhodri S Lloyd
- Youth Physical Development Centre, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.,Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand, AUT University, Auckland, New Zealand.,Centre for Sport Science and Human Performance, Waikato Institute of Technology, Waikato, New Zealand
| | - Jon L Oliver
- Youth Physical Development Centre, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.,Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand, AUT University, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Rob E Shave
- Centre for Heart, Lung and Vascular Health, School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, Canada
| | - Mike Stembridge
- Cardiff School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
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17
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Gv V, Tripathi T. Non-invasive methods for the assessment of biomarkers and their correlation with radiographic maturity indicators - a scoping review. Prog Orthod 2021; 22:26. [PMID: 34486079 PMCID: PMC8419155 DOI: 10.1186/s40510-021-00372-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Detection of skeletal maturity is vital in orthodontic treatment timing and planning. Traditional methods include hand-wrist radiography and cervical vertebral maturation index (CVMI). Though the radiographic methods are well established and routinely used to assess skeletal maturation, they carry the drawback of subjective perception and low reproducibility. With evolving concepts, skeletal maturation has been assessed quantitatively through biomarkers obtained from saliva, gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), and urine. The scoping review aims to explore the various biomarkers assessed through non-invasive methods and their correlation with radiographic skeletal maturity. METHODOLOGY The literature search was carried out on MEDLINE via Pubmed, Cochrane Library (Cochrane database of systematic reviews), Cochrane central register of controlled trials (CENTRAL), Google Scholar, Semantic Scholar, ScienceDirect, and Opengrey.eu for articles up to and including November 2020. Pertinent articles were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. The results were tabulated based on the type of sample collected, the biomarker assessed, method of sample collection, and the radiographic method used. RESULTS The literature search resulted in 12 relevant articles. Among all the studies, 10 studies showed that the concentration of biomarkers increases during the pubertal growth peak. On the contrary, 2 articles showed no significant difference between the levels of biomarkers and pubertal growth peak. CONCLUSION It can be concluded that the level of biomarkers increases during the pubertal growth spurt and can provide a quantitative way of assessing skeletal maturity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veena Gv
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi, 110002, India
| | - Tulika Tripathi
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi, 110002, India.
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18
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Červená K, Spišská V, Kolář D, Evansová K, Skálová K, Dostal J, Vybíral S, Bendová Z. Diurnal and seasonal differences in cardiopulmonary response to exercise in morning and evening chronotypes. Chronobiol Int 2021; 38:1661-1672. [PMID: 34128445 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2021.1938598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Circadian clocks regulate multiple physiological domains from molecular to behavioral levels and adjust bodily physiology to seasonal changes in day length. Circadian regulation of cellular bioenergy and immunity in the cardiovascular and muscle systems may underpin the individual diurnal differences in performance capacity during exercise. Several studies have shown diurnal differences in cardiopulmonary parameters at maximal and submaximal workloads in morning and evening circadian human phenotypes. However, the effect of seasons on these changes was not elucidated. In this study, we recruited subjects with Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire scores corresponding to morning and evening types. Subjects underwent morning (7:00-9:00) and evening (20:00-22:00) maximal workload spiroergometry in both winter and summer seasons. We analyzed their performance time, anaerobic threshold, heart rate, and respiratory parameters. Our results suggest that evening types manifest diurnal variations in physical performance, particularly in winter. They also have slower heart rate recovery than morning types, irrespective of the time of day or season. Compared to winter, the chronotype effect on the magnitude of morning-evening differences in performance time, maximal heart rate, and anaerobic threshold onset was more significant in summer. Our data are in concordance with previous observations and confirm the difference between morning and evening types in the timing of maximum performance capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kateřina Červená
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Sleep Medicine and Chronobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Spišská
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - David Kolář
- Department of Sleep Medicine and Chronobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Katarína Evansová
- Department of Sleep Medicine and Chronobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic.,Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Skálová
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Sleep Medicine and Chronobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Dostal
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Stanislav Vybíral
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeňka Bendová
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Sleep Medicine and Chronobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
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19
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Cheng TW, Magis-Weinberg L, Guazzelli Williamson V, Ladouceur CD, Whittle SL, Herting MM, Uban KA, Byrne ML, Barendse MEA, Shirtcliff EA, Pfeifer JH. A Researcher's Guide to the Measurement and Modeling of Puberty in the ABCD Study ® at Baseline. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:608575. [PMID: 34025573 PMCID: PMC8131843 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.608575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development℠ (ABCD) Study is an ongoing, diverse, longitudinal, and multi-site study of 11,880 adolescents in the United States. The ABCD Study provides open access to data about pubertal development at a large scale, and this article is a researcher's guide that both describes its pubertal variables and outlines recommendations for use. These considerations are contextualized with reference to cross-sectional empirical analyses of pubertal measures within the baseline ABCD dataset by Herting, Uban, and colleagues (2021). We discuss strategies to capitalize on strengths, mitigate weaknesses, and appropriately interpret study limitations for researchers using pubertal variables within the ABCD dataset, with the aim of building toward a robust science of adolescent development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa W. Cheng
- Developmental Social Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States
| | - Lucía Magis-Weinberg
- Adolescent Research Collaborative, Institute of Human Development, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Victoria Guazzelli Williamson
- Developmental Social Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States
| | - Cecile D. Ladouceur
- Cognitive-Affective Neuroscience and Development Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Sarah L. Whittle
- Social Affective Neurodevelopment, Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Megan M. Herting
- Herting Laboratory, Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Kristina A. Uban
- Developing Brains Laboratory, Public Health & Institute for Interdisciplinary Salivary Bioscience Research, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Michelle L. Byrne
- Developmental Social Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Marjolein E. A. Barendse
- Developmental Social Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States
| | - Elizabeth A. Shirtcliff
- Stress Physiology Investigative Team, Human Development and Family Studies, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Jennifer H. Pfeifer
- Developmental Social Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States
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20
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Titman A, Price V, Hawcutt D, Chesters C, Ali M, Cacace G, Lancaster GA, Peak M, Blair JC. Salivary cortisol, cortisone and serum cortisol concentrations are related to age and body mass index in healthy children and young people. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2020; 93:572-578. [PMID: 32688436 DOI: 10.1111/cen.14294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Saliva is an ideal medium in which to measure cortisol in children. However, there are very few data reporting salivary cortisol or cortisone concentrations in healthy children since the introduction of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to routine laboratory practice. DESIGN Early morning serum cortisol, salivary cortisol and cortisone were measured on fasting samples, and salivary hormones were measured in samples collected every 2 hours during waking hours, and 30 minutes after waking the following morning. PARTICIPANTS 43 healthy paediatric volunteers (19 female), median age 11.5 years, range 6.2-18.7, participated. RESULTS Early morning serum cortisol (265 nmol/L, 156-516) correlated strongly with salivary cortisol (4.7 nmol/L, 1.1-14.6) and cortisone (28.8 nmol/L, 11.7-56.6), P < .0001 for both. Serum cortisol, salivary cortisol and salivary cortisone correlated directly with age (P < .0001, P = .002 and P = .015, respectively), and salivary cortisone/cortisol ratio correlated indirectly with age (P = .007). Between 08.00 and 21.00, area under the curve for salivary cortisol (mean ± 1 SD) was 41.8 ± 19.1 and for cortisone 213.0 ± 61.2. Salivary cortisol was undetectable in 25/130 (19%) of samples collected after 13.00, while cortisone was always detectable. DISCUSSION Salivary cortisol and cortisone concentrations are strongly related to serum cortisol concentrations; however, cortisone may be a preferable measure as cortisol is often undetectable. Age may be an important factor in the interpretation of early morning cortisol measurements made in serum and saliva.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Titman
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Victoria Price
- NIHR Clinical Research Facility, Alder Hey Children's Hospital, Liverpool, UK
| | - Daniel Hawcutt
- NIHR Clinical Research Facility, Alder Hey Children's Hospital, Liverpool, UK
| | - Chris Chesters
- Department of Biochemistry, Alder Hey Children's Hospital, Liverpool, UK
| | - Murtaza Ali
- University of Liverpool School of Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | | | - Gill A Lancaster
- School of Primary, Social and Community Care & Keele Clinical Trials Unit, Keele University, Keele, UK
| | - Matthew Peak
- Clinical Research Division, Alder Hey Children's Hospital, Liverpool, UK
| | - Joanne C Blair
- Department of Endocrinology, Alder Hey Children's Hospital, Liverpool, UK
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21
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Byiers BJ, Payen A, Feyma T, Panoskaltsis-Mortari A, Ehrhardt MJ, Symons FJ. Associations Among Diurnal Salivary Cortisol Patterns, Medication Use, and Behavioral Phenotype Features in a Community Sample of Rett Syndrome. AMERICAN JOURNAL ON INTELLECTUAL AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2020; 125:353-368. [PMID: 32936892 PMCID: PMC10699094 DOI: 10.1352/1944-7558-125.5.353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Rett syndrome (RTT) is a severe neurodevelopmental disorder resulting from mutations of the MECP2 gene. Hyperactivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and abnormal stress responses have been observed in animal models of RTT, but little is known about HPA axis function among individuals with RTT. Diurnal salivary cortisol patterns from 30 females with RTT were examined in relation to mutation type, medication use, and features of the RTT behavioral phenotype. Cortisol patterns were significantly related to mutation severity, anticonvulsant medication status, and bruxism (tooth grinding). This study provides preliminary support for the hypothesis that RTT may be at risk for outcomes associated with aberrant HPA axis function, and that this risk may be mediated by mutation type.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ameante Payen
- Breanne J. Byiers and Ameante Payen, University of Minnesota
| | - Timothy Feyma
- Timothy Feyma, Gillette Children's Specialty Healthcare, St. Paul, Minnesota
| | | | - Michael J Ehrhardt
- Angela Panoskaltsis-Mortari, Michael J. Ehrhardt, and Frank J. Symons, University of Minnesota
| | - Frank J Symons
- Angela Panoskaltsis-Mortari, Michael J. Ehrhardt, and Frank J. Symons, University of Minnesota
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22
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Phan JM, Van Hulle CA, Shirtcliff EA, Schmidt NL, Goldsmith HH. Longitudinal effects of family psychopathology and stress on pubertal maturation and hormone coupling in adolescent twins. Dev Psychobiol 2020; 63:512-528. [PMID: 32862448 DOI: 10.1002/dev.22028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Adolescents experience profound neuroendocrine changes, including hormone "coupling" between cortisol, testosterone, and dehydroepiandrosterone. Emerging research has only begun to elucidate the role of hormone coupling, its genetic and environmental etiology, and the extent to which coupling is impacted by gender, puberty, and family context. We included measures on parent and child mental health, parenting stress, and family conflict of 444 twin pairs and their parents across two timepoints, when youth were on average 8 and 13 years old, respectively. Structural equation models examined the impact of family context effects on coupling during adolescence. Biometric twin models were then used to probe additive genetic, shared, and non-shared environmental effects on hormone coupling. Hormones were more tightly coupled for females than males, and coupling was sensitive to parental depression and co-twin psychopathology symptoms and stress exposure in females. The association between family context and coupling varied across specific neuroendocrine measures and was largely distinct from pubertal maturation. Biometric models revealed robust shared and non-shared environmental influences on coupling. We found that family antecedents modify the strength of coupling. Environmental influences account for much of the variation on coupling during puberty. Gender differences were found in genetic influences on coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny M Phan
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.,Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | - Elizabeth A Shirtcliff
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Nicole L Schmidt
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - H Hill Goldsmith
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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23
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Fung MH, Taylor BK, Frenzel MR, Eastman JA, Wang YP, Calhoun VD, Stephen JM, Wilson TW. Pubertal Testosterone Tracks the Developmental Trajectory of Neural Oscillatory Activity Serving Visuospatial Processing. Cereb Cortex 2020; 30:5960-5971. [PMID: 32577718 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaa169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Puberty is a period of substantial hormonal fluctuations that induce dramatic physical, neurological, and behavioral changes. Previous research has demonstrated that pubertal hormones modulate cortical development, as well as sex- and age-specific patterns of cognitive development during childhood and adolescence. However, the influence of pubertal hormones on the brain's functional development, specifically neural oscillatory dynamics, has yet to be fully examined. Thus, in the current study, we used magnetoencephalography to investigate the oscillatory dynamics serving visuospatial perception and attention, and testosterone levels and chronological age as measures of development. Within a sample of typically developing youth, age was associated with changes in alpha, theta, and gamma oscillatory activity. Novel testosterone-by-sex interactions in the gamma range were identified in critical areas of the visual and attention networks. Females had increased gamma activity with increasing testosterone in the right temporal-parietal junction and occipital cortices, while males showed increased gamma activity in the right insula with increasing testosterone. These findings reveal robust developmental alterations in the oscillatory dynamics serving visuospatial processing during childhood and adolescence and provide novel insight into the hormonal basis of sexually dimorphic patterns of functional brain development during the pubertal transition that is at least partially mediated by endogenous testosterone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison H Fung
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.,Center for Magnetoencephalography, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.,Cognitive Neuroscience of Development & Aging (CoNDA) Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Brittany K Taylor
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.,Center for Magnetoencephalography, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.,Cognitive Neuroscience of Development & Aging (CoNDA) Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Michaela R Frenzel
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.,Center for Magnetoencephalography, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.,Cognitive Neuroscience of Development & Aging (CoNDA) Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Jacob A Eastman
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.,Center for Magnetoencephalography, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.,Cognitive Neuroscience of Development & Aging (CoNDA) Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Yu-Ping Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA
| | - Vince D Calhoun
- Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA.,Tri-institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | | | - Tony W Wilson
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.,Center for Magnetoencephalography, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.,Cognitive Neuroscience of Development & Aging (CoNDA) Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
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24
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van Dammen L, de Rooij SR, Behnsen PM, Huizink AC. Sex-specific associations between person and environment-related childhood adverse events and levels of cortisol and DHEA in adolescence. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0233718. [PMID: 32497103 PMCID: PMC7272021 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Person and environment-related childhood adverse events have been demonstrated to increase the risk of impaired mental health in later life differently for boys and girls. Altered hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA)-axis functioning has been suggested as a key mechanism underlying this association. Cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) are both output hormones of the HPA-axis. DHEA may have a protective function against long-term exposure to increased levels of cortisol, but has been little investigated in relation to childhood adversity. OBJECTIVE We aimed to test the associations between person-, and environment-related childhood adversity and levels of cortisol, DHEA and cortisol/DHEA ratio in adolescent boys and girls. METHODS A total of 215 Dutch adolescents participated in the study and filled out the 27-item Adverse Life Events Questionnaire for the assessment of childhood adversity, which was split up in separate scores for person-related and environment-related events. Cortisol and DHEA concentrations and cortisol/DHEA ratio were determined in proximal 3 cm long hair segments. Additionally, saliva samples were collected immediately and 30 minutes after waking up, at noon and at 8 pm. Multiple linear regression analyses were used to test associations between childhood adversity and cortisol and DHEA concentrations, for boys and girls separately, with age, BMI and pubertal development as covariates. RESULTS Data were available for 74 boys and 116 girls with a mean age of 15.7 years (SD = 2.0). Higher levels of person-related childhood adversity were associated with higher hair DHEA levels in girls and with higher hair cortisol levels in boys. A trend towards a significant association was observed between higher levels of environment-related childhood adversity and higher DHEA levels in boys. Neither person- nor environment related childhood adversity was associated with cortisol/DHEA ratio. A trend was observed for environment-related childhood adversity and lower daily cortisol output in boys. CONCLUSION We found differential associations between childhood adversity and cortisol and DHEA levels in girls and boys, for respectively person-related and environment-related childhood adversity. Our findings suggest that different types of childhood adversity are not only linked to levels of cortisol, but also to DHEA concentrations, in a sex-specific manner, with possible future implications for mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lotte van Dammen
- Department of Human Development & Family Studies, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| | - Susanne R. de Rooij
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Amsterdam UMC, location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Developmental Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pia M. Behnsen
- Department of Developmental Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anja C. Huizink
- Department of Developmental Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- School of Health and Learning, University of Skövde, Skövde, Sweden
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25
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King LS, Graber MG, Colich NL, Gotlib IH. Associations of waking cortisol with DHEA and testosterone across the pubertal transition: Effects of threat-related early life stress. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2020; 115:104651. [PMID: 32199287 PMCID: PMC7183417 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2020.104651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Atypical regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is a putative mechanism underlying the association between exposure to early life stress (ELS) and the subsequent development of mental and physical health difficulties. Recent research indicates that puberty is a period of HPA-axis plasticity during which the effects of exposure to ELS on cortisol regulation may change. In particular, increases in the sex hormones that drive pubertal maturation, including dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and testosterone, may be implicated in pubertal recalibration of cortisol regulation. In the current study, we examined the associations among levels of objectively-rated threat-related ELS and salivary waking cortisol, DHEA, and testosterone in a sample of 178 adolescents (55 % female) who were in early puberty at baseline (Tanner stages 1-3; mean Tanner stage[SD] = 1.93[0.64]; mean age[SD] = 11.42[1.04]) and were followed up approximately two years later (mean Tanner stage[SD] = 3.46[0.86]; mean age[SD] = 13.38[1.06]). Using multi-level modeling, we disaggregated the effects of between-individual levels and within-individual increases in pubertal stage and sex hormones on change in cortisol. Controlling for between-individual differences in average pubertal stage, the association between levels of cortisol and DHEA was more strongly positive among adolescents who evidenced greater within-individual increases in pubertal stage across time. Both higher average levels and greater within-individual increases in DHEA and testosterone were associated with increases in cortisol across time, indicating positive coupling of developmental changes in these hormones; however, coupling was attenuated in adolescents who were exposed to more severe threat-related ELS prior to puberty. These findings advance our understanding of the development of the HPA-axis and its association with childhood environmental risk during puberty.
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26
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Shields GS. Stress and cognition: A user's guide to designing and interpreting studies. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2020; 112:104475. [PMID: 31810538 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2019.104475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Fueling the rapid growth in our understanding of how stress influences cognition, the number of studies examining the effects of stress on various cognitive processes has grown substantially over the last two decades. Despite this growth, few published guidelines exist for designing these studies, and divergent paradigm designs can diminish typical effects of stress or even reverse them. The goal of this review, therefore, is to survey necessary considerations (e.g., validating a stress induction), important considerations (e.g., specifying the timing of the stressor and cognitive task), and best practices (e.g., using Bayesian analyses) when designing a study that aims at least in part to examine the effects of acute stress on some cognitive process or function. These guidelines will also serve to help readers of these studies interpret what may otherwise be very confusing, anomalous results. Designing and interpreting studies with these considerations and practices in mind will help to move the field of stress and cognition forward by clarifying how, exactly, stress influences performance on a given cognitive task in a population of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant S Shields
- Center for Mind and Brain, University of California, Davis, United States.
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27
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Shields GS, Ivory SL, Telzer EH. Three-month cumulative exposure to testosterone and cortisol predicts distinct effects on response inhibition and risky decision-making in adolescents. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2019; 110:104412. [PMID: 31520929 PMCID: PMC6859201 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2019.104412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Prior studies have established that cortisol and testosterone play a role in impulsive behavior, but little is known about how cumulative exposure to these hormones over a recent period influences cognitive processes that help to regulate impulsive behavior. We addressed this gap in the present study by examining how hair concentrations of testosterone and cortisol related to response inhibition and risky decision-making in adolescents. Adolescents provided 3 cm of hair cut as close as possible to the scalp from a posterior vertex position-indexing three months of hair growth-and completed two behavioral tasks, one that measures response inhibition and the second that measures risky decision-making. We found that greater three-month cumulative exposure to testosterone predicted better response inhibition but was unassociated with risky decision-making, whereas greater three-month cumulative exposure to cortisol predicted less risky decision-making but was unassociated with response inhibition. These results suggest that testosterone and cortisol may be associated with unique cognitive processes underpinning impulsive behavior, providing further evidence for their roles in contributing to complex impulsive behaviors in adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Susannah L. Ivory
- Department of Psychology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park
| | - Eva H. Telzer
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
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28
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Chen Z, Zhang Q, Chen S, Wang W, Liu G, Deng H. Determination, intercorrelation and intraindividual stability of five steroids in hair, saliva and urine among chinese college students. Steroids 2019; 149:108418. [PMID: 31150683 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2019.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Hair steroids and their ratios are believed to be reliable biomarkers reflecting the long-term exposure of circulating steroids. Hereinto, two underlying assumptions are that hair biomarkers have consistency with traditional biomarkers in saliva or urine, and good long-term intraindividual stability across a long time. However, these two assumptions have not been well verified for most of hair biomarkers except for hair cortisol. Thus, this study aimed to verify the two issues on eight hair biomarkers: cortisol, cortisone, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), testosterone, progesterone, the ratios of cortisol to cortisone, DHEA and testosterone. The five steroids in hair, saliva and urine were measured with high performance chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. The results revealed that the hair biomarkers had significant correlations with the salivary biomarkers calculated by the mean area under curve (AUCg) in a matched time span (ps < 0.05) where the coefficients of correlations (r) were >0.3 (r = 0.322-0.616) except cortisone and progesterone (r = 0.177 and 0.212, respectively). It indicated that hair biomarkers had weak to moderate consistency with salivary ones. But only three biomarkers showed the consistency between hair and urine, such as testosterone (r = 0.352, p < 0.01), progesterone (r = 0.228, p < 0.05) and the ratio of cortisol to testosterone (r = 0.502, p < 0.01). Hair biomarkers showed no absolute stability, but moderate to high long-term relative stability across 12 months where interclass correlation coefficients ranged between 0.356 and 0.678 (ps < 0.01). These results implied that the eight biomarkers in hair could retrospectively reflect their cumulative exposure in vivo. Therefore, the hair biomarkers would be considerable reliable long-term biomarkers for psychological and physiological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Child Development and Learning Science (Southeast University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210096, China; Institute of Child Development and Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China; Department of Brain and Learning Science, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Quan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Child Development and Learning Science (Southeast University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210096, China; Institute of Child Development and Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China; Department of Brain and Learning Science, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Shenghuo Chen
- Key Laboratory of Child Development and Learning Science (Southeast University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210096, China; Institute of Child Development and Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China; Department of Brain and Learning Science, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Weiwen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Guoxiong Liu
- School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210097, China
| | - Huihua Deng
- Key Laboratory of Child Development and Learning Science (Southeast University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210096, China; Institute of Child Development and Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China; Department of Brain and Learning Science, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.; Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
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29
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Golub Y, Kuitunen-Paul S, Panaseth K, Stonawski V, Frey S, Steigleder R, Grimm J, Goecke TW, Fasching PA, Beckmann MW, Kornhuber J, Kratz O, Heinrich H, Moll GH, Eichler A. Salivary and hair cortisol as biomarkers of emotional and behavioral symptoms in 6-9 year old children. Physiol Behav 2019; 209:112584. [PMID: 31228497 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2019.112584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present work is to investigate the association of salivary and cumulative cortisol levels with emotional and behavioral symptoms in a Franconian Cognition and Emotion Studies (FRANCES) general population cohort of 158 6- to 9 year old children. Salivary cortisol values were measured by one-day diurnal cortisol profile, whereas cumulative cortisol was estimated via one-month hair cortisol concentrations (rHCC). Nearly all significant associations of clinical symptoms with child cortisol indices were age dependent: We report emotional symptoms being associated with lower rHCC in younger children (6.06-7.54 years). In older children (7.55-9.41 years) behavioral problems were further associated with higher rHCC and lower salivary cortisol awakening responses. In summary, child clinical symptoms were stronger associated with markers of hair cortisol compared to salivary cortisol. To picture developmental mechanisms, we suggest longitudinal designs for cortisol measures of stress systems in children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia Golub
- University Hospital Erlangen, Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Schwabachanlage 6 & 10, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; University Hospital Dresden, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Sören Kuitunen-Paul
- University Hospital Dresden, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Kerstin Panaseth
- University Hospital Erlangen, Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Schwabachanlage 6 & 10, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Valeska Stonawski
- University Hospital Erlangen, Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Schwabachanlage 6 & 10, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Stefan Frey
- University Hospital Erlangen, Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Schwabachanlage 6 & 10, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Ruth Steigleder
- University Hospital Erlangen, Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Schwabachanlage 6 & 10, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Jennifer Grimm
- University Hospital Erlangen, Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Schwabachanlage 6 & 10, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Tamme W Goecke
- University Hospital Erlangen, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Universitätsstraße 21-23, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; Department of Perinatal Medicine and Obstetrics, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Peter A Fasching
- University Hospital Erlangen, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Universitätsstraße 21-23, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Matthias W Beckmann
- University Hospital Erlangen, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Universitätsstraße 21-23, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Johannes Kornhuber
- University Hospital Erlangen, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Oliver Kratz
- University Hospital Erlangen, Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Schwabachanlage 6 & 10, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Hartmut Heinrich
- University Hospital Erlangen, Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Schwabachanlage 6 & 10, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; kbo-Heckscher-Klinikum, Deisenhofener Str. 28, 81539 München, Germany.
| | - Gunter H Moll
- University Hospital Erlangen, Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Schwabachanlage 6 & 10, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Anna Eichler
- University Hospital Erlangen, Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Schwabachanlage 6 & 10, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
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30
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Belsky J. Early-Life Adversity Accelerates Child and Adolescent Development. CURRENT DIRECTIONS IN PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/0963721419837670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Most developmental work regards adverse developmental experiences as forces that undermine well-being. Here, I present an alternative—or complementary—view, summarizing recent evidence on puberty, endocrinology, cellular aging, and brain connectivity that collectively reveals developmental acceleration in response to contextual adversity. Findings are cast in evolutionary-developmental terms, highlighting the trade-off between accelerated aging and (a) increased morbidity and (b) premature mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay Belsky
- Department of Human Ecology, University of California, Davis
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31
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Nguyen TV, Jones SL, Gower T, Lew J, Albaugh MD, Botteron KN, Hudziak JJ, Fonov VS, Collins DL, Campbell BC, Booij L, Herba CM, Monnier P, Ducharme S, Waber D, McCracken JT. Age-specific associations between oestradiol, cortico-amygdalar structural covariance, and verbal and spatial skills. J Neuroendocrinol 2019; 31:e12698. [PMID: 30776161 PMCID: PMC6482064 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Oestradiol is known to play an important role in the developing human brain, although little is known about the entire network of potential regions that might be affected and how these effects may vary from childhood to early adulthood, which in turn can explain sexually differentiated behaviours. In the present study, we examined the relationships between oestradiol, cortico-amygdalar structural covariance, and cognitive or behavioural measures typically showing sex differences (verbal/spatial skills, anxious-depressed symptomatology) in 152 children and adolescents (aged 6-22 years). Cortico-amygdalar structural covariance shifted from positive to negative across the age range. Oestradiol was found to diminish the impact of age on cortico-amygdalar covariance for the pre-supplementary motor area/frontal eye field and retrosplenial cortex (across the age range), as well as for the posterior cingulate cortex (in older children). Moreover, the influence of oestradiol on age-related cortico-amygdalar networks was associated with higher word identification and spatial working memory (across the age range), as well as higher reading comprehension (in older children), although it did not impact anxious-depressed symptoms. There were no significant sex effects on any of the above relationships. These findings confirm the importance of developmental timing on oestradiol-related effects and hint at the non-sexually dimorphic role of oestradiol-related cortico-amygdalar structural networks in aspects of cognition distinct from emotional processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuong-Vi Nguyen
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada, H3A1A1
- Department of Obstetrics-Gynecology, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada, H4A 3J1
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada, H4A 3J1
| | - Sherri Lee Jones
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada, H4A 3J1
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Verdun, QC, Canada, H4H 1R3
| | - Tricia Gower
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada, H4A 3J1
| | - Jimin Lew
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada, H4A 3J1
| | - Matthew D Albaugh
- Department of Psychology, University of Vermont, College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA, 05405
| | - Kelly N Botteron
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA, 63110
- Brain Development Cooperative Group
| | - James J Hudziak
- Department of Psychology, University of Vermont, College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA, 05405
- Brain Development Cooperative Group
| | - Vladimir S Fonov
- McConnell Brain imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, QC Canada H3A 2B4
| | - D. Louis Collins
- McConnell Brain imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, QC Canada H3A 2B4
| | - Benjamin C Campbell
- Department of Anthropology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA, 53211
| | - Linda Booij
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada, H3A1A1
- Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada, H4B 1R6
- CHU Sainte Justine Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada, H3T1C5
| | - Catherine M. Herba
- CHU Sainte Justine Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada, H3T1C5
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC,
Canada
| | - Patricia Monnier
- Department of Obstetrics-Gynecology, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada, H4A 3J1
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada, H4A 3J1
| | - Simon Ducharme
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada, H3A1A1
- McConnell Brain imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, QC Canada H3A 2B4
- Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada, H3A 1A1
| | - Deborah Waber
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA, 02115
| | - James T McCracken
- Brain Development Cooperative Group
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of California in Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA,
USA, 90024
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32
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Susman EJ, Marceau K, Dockray S, Ram N. Interdisciplinary Work Is Essential for Research on Puberty: Complexity and Dynamism in Action. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE 2019; 29:115-132. [PMID: 30869845 PMCID: PMC6844367 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Puberty is associated with changes in behavior and psychosocial well-being, and is important in lifelong health. We present five different facets regarding interdisciplinary research that are important to puberty. A short history of philosophical issues instrumental in promoting early interdisciplinary research is first presented. We discuss then what is hard and what is easy about interdisciplinary research, the purpose of which is to alert scientists to challenges and opportunities for interdisciplinary research on puberty. Readers then are introduced to advances and obstacles in interdisciplinary research on development. Recommendations for tailoring graduate education toward interdisciplinarity are introduced. Finally, issues related to publication, education of scientists, and policy makers are described. The report concludes with a discussion of funding and policy issues.
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Deardorff J, Hoyt LT, Carter R, Shirtcliff EA. Next Steps in Puberty Research: Broadening the Lens Toward Understudied Populations. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE 2019; 29:133-154. [PMID: 30869847 PMCID: PMC6827435 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Decades of puberty research have yielded key scientific discoveries. Building on the field's rich history, we highlight four understudied populations: youth of color, boys, sexual minority youth, and gender minority youth. We explore why scientific study has been slow to evolve in these groups and propose paths forward for exciting new work. For ethnically racially diverse youth, we discuss the need to incorporate culture and context. For boys, we highlight methodological issues and challenges of mapping existing conceptual models onto boys. For sexual and gender minority youth, we discuss unique challenges during puberty and suggest ways to better capture their experiences. With an eye toward a new era, we make recommendations for next steps and underscore the importance of transdisciplinary research.
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Smith JD, Johnson KA, Whittle S, Allen NB, Simmons JG. Measurement of cortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone, and testosterone in the hair of children: Preliminary results and promising indications. Dev Psychobiol 2018; 61:962-970. [PMID: 30478964 DOI: 10.1002/dev.21807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Hormone analysis is a valuable tool for understanding how physiology and behavior interact. Cortisol in hair has recently been examined as a measure of longer-term hormone output. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between other androgens in hair and anthropometric measures. In a child sample (n = 114, mean age: 8.5 years, 66 females) levels of cortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and testosterone were assayed in the 0-3 cm section proximal to scalp. The 3-6 cm segment within a subsample of female participants (n = 35) was examined and compared. Results showed that testosterone strongly correlated with DHEA, and moderately correlated with cortisol (0-3 cm only). Higher hormone concentrations were present in the 3-6 cm segment. Finally, there was a weak positive association between DHEA and height. The replication of previously identified associations between androgens, particularly testosterone-DHEA, and with developmental measures suggests hair may offer a valid method of hormone measurement for DHEA and testosterone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse D Smith
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Katherine A Johnson
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sarah Whittle
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Julian G Simmons
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Testosterone-cortisol dissociation in children exposed to prenatal maternal stress, and relationship with aggression: Project Ice Storm. Dev Psychopathol 2018; 30:981-994. [PMID: 30068431 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579418000652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Prenatal maternal stress (PNMS) has been associated with postnatal behavioral alterations that may be partly explained by interactions between the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) and hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axes. Yet it remains unclear whether PNMS leads to enduring HPA-HPG alterations in the offspring, and whether HPA-HPG interactions can impact behavior during development, in particular levels of aggression in childhood. Here we investigated the relationship between a marker for HPG axis function (baseline testosterone) and a marker for HPA axis response (cortisol area under the curve) in 11½-year-olds whose mothers were exposed to the 1998 Quebec ice storm during pregnancy (n = 59 children; 31 boys, 28 girls). We examined (a) whether the degree of objective or subjective PNMS regulates the testosterone-cortisol relationship at age 11½, and (b) whether this testosterone-cortisol relationship is associated with differences in aggressive behavior. We found that, at lower levels of subjective PNMS, baseline testosterone and cortisol reactivity were positively correlated; in contrast, there was no relationship between these hormones at higher levels of subjective PNMS. Cortisol response moderated the relationship between testosterone and aggression. These results support the notion PNMS may explain variance in fetal HPA-HPG interactions, and that these interactions may be associated with aggressive behavior in late childhood.
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Abstract
Hormones produced by glands in the endocrine system and neurotransmitters produced by the nervous system control many bodily functions. The concentrations of these molecules in the body are an indication of its state, hence the use of the term biomarker. Excess concentrations of biomarkers, such as cortisol, serotonin, epinephrine, and dopamine, are released by the body in response to a variety of conditions, for example, emotional state (euphoria, stress) and disease. The development of simple, low-cost modalities for point-of-use (PoU) measurements of biomarkers levels in various bodily fluids (blood, urine, sweat, saliva) as opposed to conventional hospital or lab settings is receiving increasing attention. This paper starts with a review of the basic properties of 12 primary stress-induced biomarkers: origin in the body (i.e., if they are produced as hormones, neurotransmitters, or both), chemical composition, molecular weight (small/medium size molecules and polymers, ranging from ∼100 Da to ∼100 kDa), and hydro- or lipophilic nature. Next is presented a detailed review of the published literature regarding the concentration of these biomarkers found in several bodily fluids that can serve as the medium for determination of the condition of the subject: blood, urine, saliva, sweat, and, to a lesser degree, interstitial tissue fluid. The concentration of various biomarkers in most fluids covers a range of 5-6 orders of magnitude, from hundreds of nanograms per milliliter (∼1 μM) down to a few picograms per milliliter (sub-1 pM). Mechanisms and materials for point-of-use biomarker sensors are summarized, and key properties are reviewed. Next, selected methods for detecting these biomarkers are reviewed, including antibody- and aptamer-based colorimetric assays and electrochemical and optical detection. Illustrative examples from the literature are discussed for each key sensor approach. Finally, the review outlines key challenges of the field and provides a look ahead to future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J. Steckl
- Nanoelectronics Laboratory, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221-0030, United States
| | - Prajokta Ray
- Nanoelectronics Laboratory, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221-0030, United States
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37
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Vijayakumar N, Op de Macks Z, Shirtcliff EA, Pfeifer JH. Puberty and the human brain: Insights into adolescent development. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2018; 92:417-436. [PMID: 29972766 PMCID: PMC6234123 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2018] [Revised: 06/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Alongside the exponential flourish of research on age-related trajectories of human brain development during childhood and adolescence in the past two decades, there has been an increase in the body of work examining the association between pubertal development and brain maturation. This review systematically examines empirical research on puberty-related structural and functional brain development in humans, with the aim of identifying convergent patterns of associations. We emphasize longitudinal studies, and discuss pervasive but oft-overlooked methodological issues that may be contributing to inconsistent findings and hindering progress (e.g., conflating distinct pubertal indices and different measurement instruments). We also briefly evaluate support for prominent models of adolescent neurodevelopment that hypothesize puberty-related changes in brain regions involved in affective and motivational processes. For the field to progress, replication studies are needed to help resolve current inconsistencies and gain a clearer understanding of pubertal associations with brain development in humans, knowledge that is crucial to make sense of the changes in psychosocial functioning, risk behavior, and mental health during adolescence.
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38
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Neither antecedent nor consequence: Developmental integration of chronic stress, pubertal timing, and conditionally adapted stress response. DEVELOPMENTAL REVIEW 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dr.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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39
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Grotzinger AD, Briley DA, Engelhardt LE, Mann FD, Patterson MW, Tackett JL, Tucker-Drob EM, Harden KP. Genetic and environmental influences on pubertal hormones in human hair across development. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2018; 90:76-84. [PMID: 29454168 PMCID: PMC5864552 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Puberty is a complex biopsychosocial process that can affect an array of psychiatric and medical disorders emerging in adolescence. Although the pubertal process is driven by neuroendocrine changes, few quantitative genetic studies have directly measured puberty-relevant hormones. Hair samples can now be assayed for accumulation of hormones over several months. In contrast to more conventional salivary measures, hair measures are not confounded by diurnal variation or hormonal reactivity. In an ethnically and socioeconomically diverse sample of 1286 child and adolescent twins and multiples from 672 unique families, we estimated genetic and environmental influences on hair concentrations of testosterone, DHEA, and progesterone across the period of 8-18 years of age. On average, male DHEA and testosterone were highly heritable, whereas female DHEA, progesterone, and puberty were largely influenced by environmental components. We identified sex-specific developmental windows of maximal heritability in each hormone. Peak heritability for DHEA occurred at approximately 10 years of age for males and females. Peak heritability for testosterone occurred at age 12.5 and 15.2 years for males and females, respectively. Peak heritability for male progesterone occurred at 11.2 years, while the heritability of female progesterone remained uniformly low. The identification of specific developmental windows when genetic signals for hormones are maximized has critical implications for well-informed models of hormone-behavior associations in childhood and adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel A Briley
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Laura E Engelhardt
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Frank D Mann
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Megan W Patterson
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | | | - Elliot M Tucker-Drob
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA; Population Research Center, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - K Paige Harden
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA; Population Research Center, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
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40
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Milas G, Šupe-Domić D, Drmić-Hofman I, Rumora L, Klarić IM. Weather conditions: a neglected factor in human salivary cortisol research? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2018; 62:165-175. [PMID: 28884366 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-017-1436-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
There is ample evidence that environmental stressors such as extreme weather conditions affect animal behavior and that this process is in part mediated through the elevated activity of the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis which results in an increase in cortisol secretion. This relationship has not been extensively researched in humans, and weather conditions have not been analyzed as a potential confounder in human studies of stress. Consequently, the goal of this paper was to assess the relationship between salivary cortisol and weather conditions in the course of everyday life and to test a possible moderating effect of two weather-related variables, the climate region and timing of exposure to outdoors conditions. The sample consisted of 903 secondary school students aged 18 to 21 years from Mediterranean and Continental regions. Cortisol from saliva was sampled in naturalistic settings at three time points over the course of a single day. We found that weather conditions are related to salivary cortisol concentration and that this relationship may be moderated by both the specific climate and the anticipation of immediate exposure to outdoors conditions. Unpleasant weather conditions are predictive for the level of salivary cortisol, but only among individuals who anticipate being exposed to it in the immediate future (e.g., in students attending school in the morning shift). We also demonstrated that isolated weather conditions or their patterns may be relevant in one climate area (e.g., Continental) while less relevant in the other (e.g., Mediterranean). Results of this study draw attention to the importance of controlling weather conditions in human salivary cortisol research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goran Milas
- Centre for Research on Interindividual Differences, Institute of Social Sciences "Ivo Pilar", Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Daniela Šupe-Domić
- Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics, University Hospital Centre Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Irena Drmić-Hofman
- Department of Pathology, Forensic Medicine and Cytology, University Hospital Centre Split, Split, Croatia
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
| | - Lada Rumora
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Hematology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Irena Martinović Klarić
- Centre for Research in Social Inequalities and Sustainability, Institute for Social Research in Zagreb, Amruševa 11/II, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
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41
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Barendse MEA, Simmons JG, Byrne ML, Seal ML, Patton G, Mundy L, Wood SJ, Olsson CA, Allen NB, Whittle S. Brain structural connectivity during adrenarche: Associations between hormone levels and white matter microstructure. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2018; 88:70-77. [PMID: 29175736 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2017.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Levels of the adrenal hormones dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), its sulfate (DHEAS), and testosterone, have all been linked to behavior and mental health during adrenarche, and preclinical studies suggest that these hormones influence brain development. However, little is known about how variation in these hormones is associated with white matter structure during this period of life. The current study aimed to examine associations between DHEA, DHEAS, and testosterone, and white matter microstructure during adrenarche. To avoid the confounding effect of age on hormone levels, we tested these associations in 87 children within a narrow age range (mean age 9.56 years, SD=0.34) but varying in hormone levels. All children provided saliva samples directly after waking and completed a diffusion-weighted MRI scan. Higher levels of DHEA were associated with higher mean diffusivity (MD) in a widespread cluster of white matter tracts, which was partially explained by higher radial diffusivity (RD) and partially by higher axial diffusivity (AD). In addition, there was an interaction between DHEA and testosterone, with higher levels of testosterone being associated with higher fractional anisotropy (FA) and lower MD and RD when DHEA levels were relatively high, but with lower FA and higher MD and RD when DHEA levels were low. These findings suggest that relatively early exposure to DHEA, as well as an imbalance between the adrenal hormones, may be associated with alterations in white matter microstructure. These findings highlight the potential relevance of adrenarcheal hormones for structural brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjolein E A Barendse
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
| | - Julian G Simmons
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia; Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Michelle L Byrne
- Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, 97403, USA
| | - Marc L Seal
- Developmental Imaging, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - George Patton
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia; Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Lisa Mundy
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia; Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Stephen J Wood
- Orygen, the National Centre of Excellence for Youth Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia; Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia; School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Craig A Olsson
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia; Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia; Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, 3125, Australia
| | - Nicholas B Allen
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia; Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, 97403, USA
| | - Sarah Whittle
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia; Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
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Fragkaki I, Cima M, Granic I. The role of trauma in the hormonal interplay of cortisol, testosterone, and oxytocin in adolescent aggression. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2018; 88:24-37. [PMID: 29156403 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2017.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Although numerous studies have examined the neuroendocrinology of aggression, the findings are mixed and focused on cortisol and testosterone. We argue that past findings remain inconclusive partly because the key roles of oxytocin and trauma have not been systematically integrated yet. Oxytocin is associated with social behavior and interacts with cortisol and testosterone, whereas trauma is a crucial risk factor of aggression that strongly affects hormonal activity. In this review, we investigate the role of trauma in the hormonal interplay of cortisol, testosterone, and oxytocin in aggression during adolescence. We first discuss how these hormones interact with each other and how trauma influences these interactions and then we propose a model that highlights the role of trauma in the hormonal interplay in aggression. We suggest that the timing of trauma has a distinct effect on hormonal activity and it should be integrated into any comprehensive model. Current trauma is linked to different levels of oxytocin, cortisol, testosterone, and testosterone/cortisol ratio than childhood trauma, but this distinction is also influenced by gender and type of aggression. We conclude that in order to better understand the neuroendocrinology of aggression, it is crucial to incorporate the investigation of oxytocin and trauma in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iro Fragkaki
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Maaike Cima
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Isabela Granic
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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43
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Simultaneous measurement of salivary cortisol and alpha-amylase: Application and recommendations. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2017; 83:657-677. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 07/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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44
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Nguyen TV, Wu M, Lew J, Albaugh MD, Botteron KN, Hudziak JJ, Fonov VS, Collins DL, Campbell BC, Booij L, Herba C, Monnier P, Ducharme S, McCracken JT. Dehydroepiandrosterone impacts working memory by shaping cortico-hippocampal structural covariance during development. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2017; 86:110-121. [PMID: 28946055 PMCID: PMC5659912 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2017.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Existing studies suggest that dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) may be important for human brain development and cognition. For example, molecular studies have hinted at the critical role of DHEA in enhancing brain plasticity. Studies of human brain development also support the notion that DHEA is involved in preserving cortical plasticity. Further, some, though not all, studies show that DHEA administration may lead to improvements in working memory in adults. Yet these findings remain limited by an incomplete understanding of the specific neuroanatomical mechanisms through which DHEA may impact the CNS during development. Here we examined associations between DHEA, cortico-hippocampal structural covariance, and working memory (216 participants [female=123], age range 6-22 years old, mean age: 13.6 +/-3.6 years, each followed for a maximum of 3 visits over the course of 4 years). In addition to administering performance-based, spatial working memory tests to these children, we also collected ecological, parent ratings of working memory in everyday situations. We found that increasingly higher DHEA levels were associated with a shift toward positive insular-hippocampal and occipito-hippocampal structural covariance. In turn, DHEA-related insular-hippocampal covariance was associated with lower spatial working memory but higher overall working memory as measured by the ecological parent ratings. Taken together with previous research, these results support the hypothesis that DHEA may optimize cortical functions related to general attentional and working memory processes, but impair the development of bottom-up, hippocampal-to-cortical connections, resulting in impaired encoding of spatial cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuong-Vi Nguyen
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A1A1, Canada; Department of Obstetrics-Gynecology, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada; Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada.
| | - Mia Wu
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Jimin Lew
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Matthew D Albaugh
- Department of Psychology, University of Vermont, College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Kelly N Botteron
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA; Brain Development Cooperative Group, United States
| | - James J Hudziak
- Department of Psychology, University of Vermont, College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA; Brain Development Cooperative Group, United States
| | - Vladimir S Fonov
- McConnell Brain imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - D Louis Collins
- McConnell Brain imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Benjamin C Campbell
- Department of Anthropology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, 53211, USA
| | - Linda Booij
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A1A1, Canada; Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, H4B 1R6, Canada; CHU Sainte Justine Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, H3T1C5, Canada
| | - Catherine Herba
- CHU Sainte Justine Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, H3T1C5, Canada; Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Patricia Monnier
- Department of Obstetrics-Gynecology, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada; Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Simon Ducharme
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A1A1, Canada; McConnell Brain imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada; Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 1A1, Canada
| | - James T McCracken
- Brain Development Cooperative Group, United States; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of California in Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA
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Patterns of neuroendocrine coupling in 9-year-old children: Effects of sex, body-mass index, and life stress. Biol Psychol 2017; 132:252-259. [PMID: 29155118 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Previous investigations have explored stress and pubertal hormones in parallel; it has been a recent development, however, to explore the relationships between different hormones during puberty, and how this hormonal cross-talk may be influenced by the environment. The current study investigated neuroendocrine coupling, or the extent to which hormones are correlated within the individual, and also investigated early life stressors that may influence coupling. Participants were 405 adrenarcheal children (mean Tanner stage=1.73 for girls and 1.38 for boys) from a longitudinal study who provided saliva samples for analysis of cortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), and testosterone. Saliva was collected when children were 9-years-old, while early life stressors were assessed at each longitudinal assessment (ages 3, 6, and 9). Results from multi-level modeling (MLM) analyses provided evidence of positive cortisol-dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and cortisol-testosterone coupling in middle childhood, and identified body mass index as a predictor of the strength of hormone coordination. While exposure to stressful life events did not impact cortisol-DHEA coupling patterns, stress interacted with sex to predict looser cortisol-testosterone coupling in girls, but not boys. The current study adds to the existing literature on the development of neuroendocrine coupling, and provided further evidence of sex differences in the impact of stress. Furthermore, hormone coupling may be investigated in the future as a mechanism by which puberty is associated with negative behavioral outcomes.
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Vestergaard M, Holm SK, Uldall P, Siebner HR, Paulson OB, Baaré WFC, Madsen KS. Glucocorticoid treatment earlier in childhood and adolescence show dose-response associations with diurnal cortisol levels. Dev Psychobiol 2017; 59:1010-1020. [PMID: 28888057 DOI: 10.1002/dev.21559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Heightened levels of glucocorticoids in children and adolescents have previously been linked to prolonged changes in the diurnal regulation of the stress-hormone cortisol, a glucocorticoid regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal-axis (HPA-axis). To address this question, we examined the salivary cortisol awakening response (CAR) and daily cortisol output in 36 children and adolescents (25 girls/11 boys) aged 7-16 years previously treated with glucocorticoids for nephrotic syndrome or rheumatic disorder and 36 healthy controls. Patients and controls did not significantly differ in the CAR or diurnal cortisol output; however, sex-dependent group differences were observed. Specifically, female patients had a higher CAR relative to female controls, while male patients had higher daily cortisol levels compared to male controls. Notably, CAR in female patients and daily cortisol levels in male patients showed a positive linear relationship with the mean daily glucocorticoid doses administered during treatment. The observed dose-response associations suggest that glucocorticoid therapy during childhood and adolescence might trigger long-term changes in HPA-axis regulation, which may differ for males and females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Vestergaard
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark.,Psychiatric Research Unit, Region Zealand Psychiatry, Region Zealand, Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Sara K Holm
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark.,Neuropaediatric Unit, Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Uldall
- Neuropaediatric Unit, Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hartwig R Siebner
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark.,Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Olaf B Paulson
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark.,Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - William F C Baaré
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Kathrine S Madsen
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark.,Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Technology, Metropolitan University College, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Abstract
BACKGROUND In adults, hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity shows sexual dimorphism, and this is thought to be a mechanism underlying sex-specific disease incidence. Evidence is scarce on whether these sex differences are also present in childhood. In a meta-analysis, we recently found that basal (non-stimulated) cortisol in saliva and free cortisol in 24-h urine follow sex-specific patterns. We explored whether these findings could be extended with sex differences in HPA axis reactivity. METHODS From inception to January 2016, PubMed and EMBASE.com were searched for studies that assessed HPA axis reactivity in healthy girls and boys aged ≤18 years. Articles were systematically assessed and reported in the categories: (1) diurnal rhythm, (2) cortisol awakening response (CAR), (3) protocolled social stress tests similar or equal to the Trier Social Stress Test for children (TSST-C), (4) pharmacological (ACTH and CRH) stress tests, and (5) miscellaneous stress tests. RESULTS Two independent assessors selected 109 out of 6158 records for full-text screening, of which 81 studies (with a total of 14,591 subjects) were included. Studies showed that girls had a tendency towards a more variable diurnal rhythm (12 out of 29 studies), a higher CAR (8 out of 18 studies), and a stronger cortisol response to social stress tests (9 out of 21 studies). We found no evidence for sex differences in cortisol response after a pharmacological challenge or to miscellaneous stress tests. DISCUSSION Sex differences in HPA axis reactivity appear to be present in childhood, although evidence is not unequivocal. For a better evaluation of sex differences in HPA axis reactivity, standardization of protocols and reports of stress tests is warranted.
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48
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Antualpa K, Aoki MS, Moreira A. Salivary steroids hormones, well-being, and physical performance during an intensification training period followed by a tapering period in youth rhythmic gymnasts. Physiol Behav 2017; 179:1-8. [PMID: 28528891 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the effect of an intensification period (IT; 4weeks; after a habitual training period; HT) followed by a tapering period (TP; 2weeks) on salivary hormones (testosterone - T and cortisol - C), well-being (WB), and physical performance in 23 rhythmic gymnasts (RG; Under-11 group [G1], Under-13 group [G2], and >13 group [G3]). The session-rating of perceived exertion was used to quantify the daily internal training load (ITL). The WB questionnaire was completed daily. Physical performance tests and saliva sampling were carried out at the beginning of the IT (T1), after IT (T2), and after TP (T3). A higher ITL was observed for IT compared to HT (2310±327 vs 2940±334, 2449±237 vs 3902±273, 2278±436 vs 3954±866 arbitrary units [UA], for G1, G2, and G3, respectively) and TP (vs 1781±260, 2305±298, 2415±522AU). No significant change was detected for T concentration (206±39, 221±35, 216±51 ρmol/L, for T1, T2, and T3, respectively [whole group]; p=0.16), C concentration (5.7±1.0, 5.8±0.8, 5.0±0.7nmol/L; p=0.07), and WB (19±3, 19±2, 19±2; p=0.44). A significant lower WB score was observed for the G3. Physical performance increased for sit-ups from T2 to T3 (ES=0.80), and T1 to T3 (ES=0.78) and for push-ups (T2-T3; ES=0.61; T1-T3; ES=0.55). In summary, a period of IT followed by TP, seems to be a useful approach to improve physical performance of youth RG, while maintaining the perception of WB and the hormonal milieu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kizzy Antualpa
- Department of Sport, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Saldanha Aoki
- School of Arts, Sciences, and Humanities, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Moreira
- Department of Sport, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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49
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Diurnal coupling between testosterone and cortisol from adolescence to older adulthood. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2016; 73:79-90. [PMID: 27474909 PMCID: PMC5048541 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2016.07.216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Revised: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) and hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axes are typically conceptualized as mutually inhibitory systems; however, previous studies have found evidence for positive within-person associations (i.e., coupling) between cortisol and testosterone. One developmental hypothesis is that positive testosterone-cortisol coupling is unique to the adolescent period and that coupling becomes attenuated, or even switches direction, in adulthood. This study used a lifespan sample (N=292, ages 11-88) to test for age-related differences in coupling between cortisol and testosterone in daily life. Participants provided salivary hormone samples at waking, 30min after waking, and during the evening for two days. Hierarchical linear modeling was used to test the within-person and between-person associations between testosterone and cortisol. Within-person associations were further decomposed into associations due to coupled diurnal change versus coupled variability around diurnal change. Results indicated positive associations between cortisol and testosterone at all levels of analysis. Additionally, positive coupling was evident across the lifespan, even in older adults who are no longer expected to reproduce, but further investigation of developmental differences with a larger sample is necessary. Potential mechanisms and functions for positive coupling are discussed.
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50
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Miller R, Stalder T, Jarczok M, Almeida DM, Badrick E, Bartels M, Boomsma DI, Coe CL, Dekker MCJ, Donzella B, Fischer JE, Gunnar MR, Kumari M, Lederbogen F, Power C, Ryff CD, Subramanian SV, Tiemeier H, Watamura SE, Kirschbaum C. The CIRCORT database: Reference ranges and seasonal changes in diurnal salivary cortisol derived from a meta-dataset comprised of 15 field studies. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2016; 73:16-23. [PMID: 27448524 PMCID: PMC5108362 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2016.07.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2016] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Diurnal salivary cortisol profiles are valuable indicators of adrenocortical functioning in epidemiological research and clinical practice. However, normative reference values derived from a large number of participants and across a wide age range are still missing. To fill this gap, data were compiled from 15 independently conducted field studies with a total of 104,623 salivary cortisol samples obtained from 18,698 unselected individuals (mean age: 48.3 years, age range: 0.5-98.5 years, 39% females). Besides providing a descriptive analysis of the complete dataset, we also performed mixed-effects growth curve modeling of diurnal salivary cortisol (i.e., 1-16h after awakening). Cortisol decreased significantly across the day and was influenced by both, age and sex. Intriguingly, we also found a pronounced impact of sampling season with elevated diurnal cortisol in spring and decreased levels in autumn. However, the majority of variance was accounted for by between-participant and between-study variance components. Based on these analyses, reference ranges (LC/MS-MS calibrated) for cortisol concentrations in saliva were derived for different times across the day, with more specific reference ranges generated for males and females in different age categories. This integrative summary provides important reference values on salivary cortisol to aid basic scientists and clinicians in interpreting deviations from the normal diurnal cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Miller
- Institute of General Psychology, Biopsychology and Psychological Methods, Technische Universität Dresden, Zellescher Weg 19, D-01069 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Tobias Stalder
- Institute of General Psychology, Biopsychology and Psychological Methods, Technische Universität Dresden, Zellescher Weg 19, D-01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Marc Jarczok
- Mannheim Institute of Public Health, Ludolf-Krehl-Str. 7-11, D-68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - David M Almeida
- College of Heath and Human Development, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park PA 16802, USA
| | - Ellena Badrick
- MRC Health eResearch Centre, The Farr Institute of Health Informatics Research, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Meike Bartels
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, van der Boechorststraat 1, 1081 BT Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Dorret I Boomsma
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, van der Boechorststraat 1, 1081 BT Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Christopher L Coe
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin, 1202W. Johnson Street, Madison, WI 53706-1969, USA
| | - Marieke C J Dekker
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Gravendijkwal 230, 3015 CE, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Bonny Donzella
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, 51 East River Parkway, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Joachim E Fischer
- Mannheim Institute of Public Health, Ludolf-Krehl-Str. 7-11, D-68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Megan R Gunnar
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, 51 East River Parkway, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Meena Kumari
- ISER, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, Essex CO4 3SQ, United Kingdom
| | - Florian Lederbogen
- Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Medical Faculty Mannheim, J5, D-68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Christine Power
- Population, Policy and Practice, UCL Institute of Child Health, University College London, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom
| | - Carol D Ryff
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin, 1202W. Johnson Street, Madison, WI 53706-1969, USA
| | - S V Subramanian
- Department of Society, Human Development and Health, Harvard School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115-6096, USA
| | - Henning Tiemeier
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Gravendijkwal 230, 3015 CE, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus Medical Center, Gravendijkwal 230, 3015 CE, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sarah E Watamura
- Department of Psychology, University of Denver, 2155S. Race Street, Denver, CO 802058, USA
| | - Clemens Kirschbaum
- Institute of General Psychology, Biopsychology and Psychological Methods, Technische Universität Dresden, Zellescher Weg 19, D-01069 Dresden, Germany
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