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Golombek DA, Eyre H, Spiousas I, Casiraghi LP, Hartikainen KM, Partonen T, Pyykkö M, Reynolds CF, Hynes WM, Bassetti CLA, Berk M, Hu K, Ibañez A. Sleep Capital: Linking Brain Health to Wellbeing and Economic Productivity Across the Lifespan. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2024:S1064-7481(24)00405-6. [PMID: 39117505 DOI: 10.1016/j.jagp.2024.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND FRAMEWORK Sleep capital contributes to individual and societal wellbeing, productivity, and economic outcomes and involves a novel aspect of brain capital. It encompasses the quality and quantity of sleep as integral components that influence cognitive abilities, mental and brain health, and physical health, affecting workplace productivity, learning, decision-making, and overall economic performance. Here, we bring a framework to understand the complex relationship between sleep quality, health, wellbeing, and economic productivity. Then we outline the multilevel impact of sleep on cognitive abilities, mental/brain health, and economic indicators, providing evidence for the substantial returns on investment in sleep health initiatives. Moreover, sleep capital is a key factor when considering brain health across the lifespan, especially for the aging population. DISCUSSION We propose specific elements and main variables to develop specific indexes of sleep capital to address its impacts on health, wellbeing and productivity. CONCLUSION Finally, we suggest policy recommendations, workplace interventions, and individual strategies to promote sleep health and brain capital. Investing in sleep capital is essential for fostering a healthier, happier, fairer and more productive society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego A Golombek
- Laboratorio Interdisciplinario del Tiempo (LITERA) (DAG, IS, LPC), Universidad de San Andrés/CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Harris Eyre
- Baker Institute for Public Policy (HE), Rice University, Houston, TX, USA; Global Brain Health Institute (HE), University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science (HE), (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science (HE), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science (HE), Houston Methodist, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science (HE), The University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA; Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT) (HE), Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia; Euro-Mediterranean Economists Association (HE), Barcelona, Spain; Meadows Mental Health Policy Institute (HE), Dallas, TX, USA; Frontier Technology Lab, School of Engineering (HE), Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Ignacio Spiousas
- Laboratorio Interdisciplinario del Tiempo (LITERA) (DAG, IS, LPC), Universidad de San Andrés/CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Leandro P Casiraghi
- Laboratorio Interdisciplinario del Tiempo (LITERA) (DAG, IS, LPC), Universidad de San Andrés/CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Kaisa M Hartikainen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology (KMH), Tampere University, Tampere, Finland; Behavioral Neurology Research Group (KMH), Tampere University Hospital, Wellbeing Services County of Pirkanmaa, Tampere, Finland; National Brain Health Programme (KMH), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Timo Partonen
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (TP), Helsinki, Finland; Department of Psychiatry (TP), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mika Pyykkö
- Finnish Brain Association and Finnish Centre for Health Promotion (MP), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Charles F Reynolds
- Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine (CFR), Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - William M Hynes
- Institute for Global Prosperity (MH), University College London, London, UK; Santa Fe Institute (MH), Santa Fe, NM, USA; World Bank (MH), Washington, DC, USA
| | - Claudio L A Bassetti
- Neurology Department, Inselspital (CLAB), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Swiss Brain Health Plan (CLAB), Bern, Switzerland
| | - Michael Berk
- School of Medicine (MB), Deakin University and Barwon Health. Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), Victoria, Australia
| | - Kun Hu
- Division of Sleep Medicine (KH), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Medical Biodynamics Center (KH), Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Agustín Ibañez
- Latin American Brain Health institute (Brainlat) (CSCN) (AI), Universidad Adolfo Ibanez, Santiago, Chile; ChileGlobal Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland; Center for Social and Cognitive Neuroscience (CSCN) (AI), Universidad Adolfo Ibanez, Santiago, Chile; Universidad de San Andrés (AI), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Woo SW, Kim M, Kang D, Choe YH, Oh SJ, You AS, Lee SL, Kim J. Genome-Wide Characterization of Somatic Mutation Patterns in Cloned Dogs Reveals Implications for Neuronal Function, Tumorigenesis, and Aging. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:801. [PMID: 38927737 PMCID: PMC11202621 DOI: 10.3390/genes15060801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Studies on somatic mutations in cloned animals have revealed slight genetic variances between clones and their originals, but have yet to identify the precise effects of these differences within the organism. Somatic mutations contribute to aging and are implicated in tumor development and other age-related diseases. Thus, we compared whole genome sequencing data from an original dog with that of cloned dogs, identifying candidate somatic mutations that were disproportionately located within genes previously implicated in aging. The substitutional signature of cloning-specific somatic mutations mirrored the uniform distribution characteristic of the signature associated with human aging. Further analysis of genes revealed significant enrichment of traits associated with body size as well as the molecular mechanisms underlying neuronal function and tumorigenesis. Overall, the somatic mutations found in cloned dogs may indicate a conserved mechanism driving aging across species and a broad spectrum of pathway alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Wan Woo
- Division of Applied Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (S.-W.W.); (D.K.)
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea;
| | - Miju Kim
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea;
| | - Dayeon Kang
- Division of Applied Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (S.-W.W.); (D.K.)
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea;
| | - Yong-ho Choe
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (Y.-h.C.); (S.-J.O.); (S.-L.L.)
| | - Seong-Ju Oh
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (Y.-h.C.); (S.-J.O.); (S.-L.L.)
| | - Are-Sun You
- Division of Animal Diseases & Health, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sung-Lim Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (Y.-h.C.); (S.-J.O.); (S.-L.L.)
| | - Jaemin Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (S.-W.W.); (D.K.)
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea;
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Li TC, Li CI, Liu CS, Lin CH, Yang SY, Lin CC. Association of time-varying sleep duration and cognitive function with mortality in the elderly: a 12-year community-based cohort study. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:954. [PMID: 38124053 PMCID: PMC10731683 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-05434-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleeping problems and cognitive impairment are common in elders. Baseline sleep duration and cognitive status are predictors of mortality. But few studies have explored whether longitudinal changes in sleep duration and cognitive function are related to mortality in older adults. The present study investigated the time-varying relationships of sleep duration and cognitive function with subsequent mortality among community-dwelling elders by using 12 years of repeated-measure data. METHODS Taichung Community Health Study for Elders (TCHS-E) is a retrospective, population-based cohort that started in 2009 (wave 1) with a total of 912 elders aged 65 years or above. Follow up was conducted in 2010 (wave 2), 2018 (wave 3), and 2020 (wave 4). Sleep duration and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) forms were executed at baseline and three visits during follow-up. Time-varying Cox proportional hazards regression estimated adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) of mortality with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS During about 12 years (9,396 person-years) follow-up, 329 deaths from all causes were documented, including 102 deaths due to expanded cardiovascular disease (CVD). In the multivariable-adjusted, time-varying Cox proportional hazard model, the adjusted HR values of all-cause mortality were 1.47 (1.02-2.12) for sleep duration > 9 h/day (vs. 7 h/day) and 1.81 (1.26-2.59) for MMSE < 27 (vs. 30). The adjusted HR values of the expanded CVD mortality were 2.91 (1.24-6.83) for MMSE of 29; 2.69 (1.20-6.05) for MMSE of 27-28; and 4.32 (95% CI: 1.92-9.74) for MMSE < 27. The dose-dependent relationship was significant (p < 0.001). The combinations of sleep duration longer than 9 h/day and MMSE < 27 were linked with the highest risks for expanded CVD and all-cause mortality. CONCLUSIONS Long sleep duration and low cognitive function were jointly and independently linked with higher risk of mortality in elders residing in community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsai-Chung Li
- Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Healthcare Administration, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ing Li
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, No. 100, Sec. 1, Jingmao Rd., Beitun Dist., Taichung City, 406040, Taiwan ROC
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Shong Liu
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, No. 100, Sec. 1, Jingmao Rd., Beitun Dist., Taichung City, 406040, Taiwan ROC
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Family Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsueh Lin
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, No. 100, Sec. 1, Jingmao Rd., Beitun Dist., Taichung City, 406040, Taiwan ROC
- Department of Family Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shing-Yu Yang
- Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chieh Lin
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, No. 100, Sec. 1, Jingmao Rd., Beitun Dist., Taichung City, 406040, Taiwan ROC.
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
- Department of Family Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Coelho J, Lucas G, Micoulaud-Franchi JA, Tran B, Yon DK, Taillard J, D'Incau E, Philip P, Boyer L, Fond G. Sleep timing, workplace well-being and mental health in healthcare workers. Sleep Med 2023; 111:123-132. [PMID: 37769583 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2023.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Healthcare workers face an elevated risk of burnout, sleep disorders, and mental health issues, potentially stemming from the misalignment of their circadian rhythm due to nonstandard work schedules. This cross-sectional survey aims to examine the connections between sleep timing, workplace well-being (including burnout and absenteeism), and mental health outcomes (specifically depression and poor sleep) in healthcare workers. Additionally, the survey takes into account individual and professional factors, as well as the interaction with work schedules. METHODS The study encompasses 4,971 healthcare workers from both public and private healthcare facilities in France, including nurses, nursing assistants, and physicians recruited during the third wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. The Maslach Burnout Inventory assesses burnout, the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale measures depression, and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index evaluates poor sleep. Sleep timing is categorized into morning, neutral, and evening timing, referred to as midsleep. Multivariate logistic regression analysis is conducted to explore the relationships between sleep timing and burnout, depression, and poor sleep, while adjusting for various factors. RESULTS The findings reveal that 56.5% of participants experience burnout, 29.8% report depression, and 64.5% report poor sleep. Nurses and nursing assistants exhibit a higher prevalence of poor sleep. Morning sleep timing is associated with burnout among those with fixed schedules and with depression among those with shift schedules. Among physicians, both morning and evening sleep timing are associated with depression, while morning sleep timing is linked to poor sleep across all subgroups. INTERPRETATION This study suggests that the misalignment between healthcare workers' internal circadian rhythm and their work schedules may contribute to an increased risk of burnout, depression, and poor sleep. Occupational health services and policymakers should recognize the potential for enhancing workplace well-being and mental health outcomes by enabling healthcare workers to maintain sleep schedules that accommodate their needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Coelho
- Univ. Bordeaux, SANPSY, UMR 6033, F-33000, Bordeaux, France; CNRS, SANPSY, UMR 6033, F-33000, Bordeaux, France; CHU Bordeaux, Service Universitaire de Médecine du sommeil, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Guillaume Lucas
- Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille, Aix-Marseille University, CEReSS-Health Service Research and Quality of Life Center, 27, boulevard Jean -Moulin, 13005, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Arthur Micoulaud-Franchi
- Univ. Bordeaux, SANPSY, UMR 6033, F-33000, Bordeaux, France; CNRS, SANPSY, UMR 6033, F-33000, Bordeaux, France; CHU Bordeaux, Service Universitaire de Médecine du sommeil, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Bach Tran
- Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille, Aix-Marseille University, CEReSS-Health Service Research and Quality of Life Center, 27, boulevard Jean -Moulin, 13005, Marseille, France; Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France
| | - Dong Keon Yon
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Center for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jacques Taillard
- Univ. Bordeaux, SANPSY, UMR 6033, F-33000, Bordeaux, France; CNRS, SANPSY, UMR 6033, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Emmanuel D'Incau
- Univ. Bordeaux, SANPSY, UMR 6033, F-33000, Bordeaux, France; CNRS, SANPSY, UMR 6033, F-33000, Bordeaux, France; CHU Bordeaux, Service Universitaire de Médecine du sommeil, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Pierre Philip
- Univ. Bordeaux, SANPSY, UMR 6033, F-33000, Bordeaux, France; CNRS, SANPSY, UMR 6033, F-33000, Bordeaux, France; CHU Bordeaux, Service Universitaire de Médecine du sommeil, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Laurent Boyer
- Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille, Aix-Marseille University, CEReSS-Health Service Research and Quality of Life Center, 27, boulevard Jean -Moulin, 13005, Marseille, France; Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France
| | - Guillaume Fond
- Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille, Aix-Marseille University, CEReSS-Health Service Research and Quality of Life Center, 27, boulevard Jean -Moulin, 13005, Marseille, France; Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France.
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Carlson EJ, Wilckens KA, Wheeler ME. The Interactive Role of Sleep and Circadian Rhythms in Episodic Memory in Older Adults. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2023; 78:1844-1852. [PMID: 37167439 PMCID: PMC10562893 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glad112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Adequate sleep is essential for healthy physical, emotional, and cognitive functioning, including memory. However, sleep ability worsens with increasing age. Older adults on average have shorter sleep durations and more disrupted sleep compared with younger adults. Age-related sleep changes are thought to contribute to age-related deficits in episodic memory. Nonetheless, the nature of the relationship between sleep and episodic memory deficits in older adults is still unclear. Further complicating this relationship are age-related changes in circadian rhythms such as the shift in chronotype toward morningness and decreased circadian stability, which may influence memory abilities as well. Most sleep and cognitive aging studies do not account for circadian factors, making it unclear whether age-related and sleep-related episodic memory deficits are partly driven by interactions with circadian rhythms. This review will focus on age-related changes in sleep and circadian rhythms and evidence that these factors interact to affect episodic memory, specifically encoding and retrieval. Open questions, methodological considerations, and clinical implications for diagnosis and monitoring of age-related memory impairments are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elyse J Carlson
- School of Psychology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Kristine A Wilckens
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mark E Wheeler
- School of Psychology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Akpınar Ş, Tek NA. Age-Related Changes in Circadian Rhythm and Association with Nutrition. Curr Nutr Rep 2023; 12:376-382. [PMID: 37195400 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-023-00474-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Considering the increase in life expectancy, there is a time-related decline in biological functions. Age-related changes are also observed in the circadian clock which directly leads to appropriate rhythms in the endocrine and metabolic pathways required for organism homeostasis. Circadian rhythms are affected by the sleep/wake cycle, environmental changes, and nutrition. The aim of this review is to show the relationship between age-related changes in circadian rhythms of physiological and molecular processes and nutritional differences in the elderly. RECENT FINDINGS Nutrition is an environmental factor that is particularly effective on peripheral clocks. Age-related physiological changes have an impact on nutrient intake and circadian processes. Considering the known effects of amino acid and energy intakes on peripheral and circadian clocks, it is thought that the change in circadian clocks in aging may occur due to anorexia due to physiological changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Şerife Akpınar
- Faculty of Health Science, Department of Nutrition and Dietetic, Gazi University, Bişkek Main St. 6. St No: 2, 06490, Ankara, Emek, Turkey.
| | - Nilüfer Acar Tek
- Faculty of Health Science, Department of Nutrition and Dietetic, Gazi University, Bişkek Main St. 6. St No: 2, 06490, Ankara, Emek, Turkey
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Ujma PP, Horváth CG, Bódizs R. Daily rhythms, light exposure and social jetlag correlate with demographic characteristics and health in a nationally representative survey. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12287. [PMID: 37516741 PMCID: PMC10387097 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39011-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The timing of daily activity in humans have been associated with various demographic and health-related factors, but the possibly complex patterns of confounding and interaction between these has not been systematically explored. We use data from Hungarostudy 2021, a nationally representative survey of 7000 Hungarian adults to assess the relationship between self-reported chronotype, social jetlag (using the Munich Chronotype Questionnaire), demographic variables and self-reported health and demographic variables, including ethnic minority membership. Supporting the validity of self-reports, participants with later chronotypes reported the lowest daytime sleepiness at a later clock time. We found that older age, female sex, a more eastward and southward geographical position, residence in a smaller settlement, less education and income, religiousness and cohabiting with small children were associated with an earlier chronotype. Younger age, higher education and income, and cohabiting with small children were associated with increased social jetlag. Of the 48 health-related variables surveyed, the relationship with both chronotype and social jetlag were mostly accounted for by age, sex, and socioeconomic effects, but we identified alcohol consumption, smoking, and physical activity as predictors of both social jetlag and chronotype, while a number of disorders were either positively or negatively associated with chronotype and social jetlag. Our findings from a large, nationally representative sample indicate that both biological and social factors influence chronotype and identified both demographic and health-related variables as risk factors for social jetlag. Our results, however, do not support a causal relationship between light exposure and mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Péter P Ujma
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Csenge G Horváth
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Róbert Bódizs
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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Hublin C, Kaprio J. Chronotype and mortality - a 37-year follow-up study in Finnish adults. Chronobiol Int 2023; 40:841-849. [PMID: 37322846 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2023.2215342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The UK Biobank study on chronotype and mortality suggested small increases of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in a 6.5-year follow-up. Our aim was to constructively replicate findings from it in a longer follow-up. A questionnaire was administered to the population-based adult Finnish Twin Cohort in 1981 (response rate 84%). The study population included 23 854 participants who replied to the question: "Try to assess to what extent you are a morning person or an evening person," with four response alternatives (anchored from "clearly a morning person" to "clearly an evening person"). Vital status and cause of death data were provided by nationwide registers up to the end of 2018. Hazard ratios for mortality were computed based on 8728 deaths. Adjustments were made for education, alcohol, smoking, BMI, and sleep duration. The covariate adjusted model showed a 9% increase of all-cause mortality for the evening-type group (HR = 1.09, 95% CI 1.01-1.18), with attenuation mainly due to smoking and alcohol. Their importance was highlighted by observing no increased mortality among non-smokers who were at most light drinkers. There was no increase in any cause-specific mortality. Our results suggest that there is little or no independent contribution of chronotype to mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christer Hublin
- Working Ability and Working Careers, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Barley BK, Gao C, Luster T, Porro A, Parizi-Robinson M, Quigley D, Zinke P, Scullin MK. Chronotype in college science students is associated with behavioral choices and can fluctuate across a semester. Chronobiol Int 2023; 40:710-724. [PMID: 37080776 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2023.2203251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Many students self-report that they are "night owls," which can result from neurodevelopmental delays in the circadian timing system. However, whether an individual considers themselves to be an evening-type versus a morning-type (self-reported chronotype) may also be influenced by academic demands (e.g. class start times, course load) and behavioral habits (e.g. bedtime social media use, late caffeine consumption, daytime napping). If so, then chronotype should be malleable. We surveyed 858 undergraduate students enrolled in demanding science courses at up to three time points. The survey assessed morning/evening chronotype, global sleep quality, academics, and behavioral habits. Evening and morning-type students showed similar demographics, stress levels, and academic demands. At baseline measurements, relative to morning-types, evening-types showed significantly worse sleep quality and duration as well as 22% greater bedtime social media usage, 27% greater daytime napping duration, and 46% greater likelihood of consuming caffeine after 5pm. These behavioral habits partially mediated the effects of self-reported chronotype on sleep quality/duration, even after controlling for demographic factors. Interestingly, 54 students reported switching from being at least moderate evening-types at baseline to being at least moderate morning-types later in the semester and 56 students showed the reverse pattern (6.3% of students switched from "definitely" one chronotype to the other chronotype). Evening-to-morning "chrono-switchers" consumed less caffeine after 5pm and showed significantly better sleep quantity/quality at the later timepoint. Thus, some students may consider themselves to be night owls in part because they consume caffeine later, take more daytime naps, or use more social media at bedtime. Experimental work is needed to determine whether nudging night owls to behave like morning larks results in better sleep health or academic achievement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blake K Barley
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
| | - Chenlu Gao
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Taylor Luster
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Abbye Porro
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
| | | | - Dena Quigley
- Department of Biology, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
| | - Paul Zinke
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
| | - Michael K Scullin
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
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Hicks H, Meyer K, Watts A. Differential effects of chronotype on physical activity and cognitive performance in older adults. FRONTIERS IN EPIDEMIOLOGY 2023; 3:1029221. [PMID: 38455930 PMCID: PMC10910946 DOI: 10.3389/fepid.2023.1029221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Chronotypes reflect individuals' preferred activity and sleep patterns (e.g., "morning-types" vs. "evening-types") and are associated with health and physical activity. Less is known about the relationship between chronotype and cognitive health in older adults. It is unclear whether chronotype's influence is driven by sleep timing or disruption. This study explored the relationship between chronotype, physical activity, and cognitive performance in older adults with and without self-reported sleep disorders. Methods Participants were 153 older adults (M = 70.35, SD = 5.89) who wore an Actigraph on the non-dominant wrist for seven days to measure total physical activity, peak physical activity, and chronotype (sleep interval midpoint). We categorized participants as morning-, evening-, and intermediate-chronotypes and assessed cognitive performance in domains of attention, executive function, and verbal memory. Results MANCOVAs showed patterns of activity across the 24-hour day differed between chronotypes such that morning-types were active earlier and evening-types active later, ps > .001. Total physical activity and average peak activity did not differ between chronotypes, (ps ≥ .117). Timing of peak activity followed expectations (morning-types peaked earliest (p = .019). Evening-types exhibited significantly worse executive function and attention than intermediate-types, p = .008. When excluding participants with sleep disorders, evening-types engaged in significantly less total physical activity than other groups, but cognitive performance did not differ. Discussion We found no differences in total or peak physical activity between groups, which is inconsistent with findings from studies in younger samples. This suggests the role of chronotype on physical activity may change with age and points to the potential impact of methodological discrepancies. While evening-types exhibited worse executive function and attention performance, this finding disappeared when participants with sleep disorders were excluded. Sleep dysregulation rather than sleep timing may be driving this difference. Recent trends in physical activity research explore activity patterns across the 24-hour day and acknowledge codependence between different activity types. Our findings suggest chronotype and activity timing may be important as researchers advance this line of research in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilary Hicks
- Department of Psychology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
| | - Kayla Meyer
- Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Fairway, KS, United States
| | - Amber Watts
- Department of Psychology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
- Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Fairway, KS, United States
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11
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Manners J, Appleton SL, Reynolds AC, Melaku YA, Gill TK, Lovato N, Sweetman A, Bickley K, Adams R, Lack L, Scott H. The Good Sleeper Scale-15 items: a questionnaire for the standardised assessment of good sleepers. J Sleep Res 2023; 32:e13717. [PMID: 36065002 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.13717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Research with 'good sleepers' is ubiquitous, yet there are no standardised criteria to identify a 'good sleeper'. The present study aimed to create and validate a questionnaire for identifying good sleepers for use in research studies known as the Good Sleeper Scale-15 items (GSS-15). Data were derived from a population-based survey of Australian adults (n = 2,044). A total of 23 items were chosen for possible inclusion. An exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was conducted on ~10% of the survey dataset (n = 191) for factor identification and item reduction. A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted on the remaining data (n = 1,853) to test model fit. Receiver operating characteristic curves and correlations were conducted to derive cut-off scores and test associations with sleep, daytime functioning, health, and quality-of-life. The EFA identified six factors: 'Sleep Difficulties', 'Timing', 'Duration', 'Regularity', 'Adequacy', and 'Perceived Sleep Problem'. The CFA showed that model fit was high and comparable to other sleep instruments, χ2 (63) = 378.22, p < 0.001, root mean square error of approximation = 0.05, with acceptable internal consistency (α = 0.76). Strong correlations were consistently found between GSS-15 global scores and outcomes, including 'a good night's sleep' (r = 0.7), 'feeling un-refreshed' (r = -0.59), and 'experienced sleepiness' (r = -0.51), p < 0.001. Cut-off scores were derived to categorise individuals likely to be a good sleeper (GSS-15 score ≥40) and those very likely to be a good sleeper (GSS-15 score ≥45). The GSS-15 is a freely available, robust questionnaire that will assist in identifying good sleepers for the purpose of sleep research. Future work will test relationships with other sleep measures in community and clinical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Manners
- College of Education, Psychology and Social Work, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Sarah L Appleton
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute: Sleep Health, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Amy C Reynolds
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute: Sleep Health, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | | | - Tiffany K Gill
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Nicole Lovato
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute: Sleep Health, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Alexander Sweetman
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute: Sleep Health, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Kelsey Bickley
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute: Sleep Health, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Robert Adams
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute: Sleep Health, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Leon Lack
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute: Sleep Health, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Hannah Scott
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute: Sleep Health, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
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12
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Strizhitskaya O, Petrash M, Golubitskaya D, Kuzmina M, Krupina K, Shchukin A, Engelgardt E. Futurization of Aging: Subjective Beliefs and Effects. Behav Sci (Basel) 2022; 13:bs13010004. [PMID: 36661576 PMCID: PMC9855098 DOI: 10.3390/bs13010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging in the face of an increasing population and growing life expectancy is considered one of the major demographic challenges in modern society. Previous research has revealed that quality of life in aging could significantly differ depending on the resources one possesses. However, little attention has been given to the mechanisms of formation of these resources and the role of intentionality. In the present study, we identified 22 strategies that favor a better life quality in aging and analyzed them from the perspective of subjective beliefs and reported performance. Our sample was adults (n = 72) aged 57-65, living in St. Petersburg, Russia. The results showed that although participants were aware of the strategies that favor aging, their reported performance ranged on a scale from average to infrequent use of these strategies. We found that subjective beliefs about the role of psychological resources for better aging predicted higher scores on subjective beliefs about the role of lifestyle resources and the reported performance of psychological resources. Our results suggest that there is a gap between subjective beliefs about the controllability of aging processes and the transformation of these beliefs into real performance.
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13
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Manková D, Novák J, Sedlak P, Andrlíková Farkova E. The circadian preferences in the context of sociodemographic indicators and lifestyle. Chronobiol Int 2022; 39:1574-1589. [PMID: 36342233 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2022.2134786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Circadian preferences are frequently used as a synonym for chronotype. Both terms are based on different principles and are measured by a variant questionnaire. We focused on circadian preferences, delimited as an individual preference for the timing of various activities, and their relationship to the selected sociodemographic factors. All participants (n = 2068) filled out online questionnaires including MEQ, MCTQ, and sociodemographic information (age, sex, place of residence, marital status, childcare, education, financial security, physical and mental health). Although the concept of chronotype and circadian preference differ, the mutual correlation was high. Our results of the observed variables are similar to other studies. We revealed evening preference is related to a higher probability of living in a big city, having a single life, a higher risk of smoking, worse health status, and worse financial security. We observed a higher social jet lag among them. Our research complies with previous studies, which found that in some areas, people with evening preferences evince worse results. Due to the evening preference, these people are at a disadvantage, and the society's setting for morning operations can lead to a deepening of these differences. We recommend further research, which would focus on the practical application of results to the everyday life of participants to create preventive programs aimed at reducing the negative impact of evening preferences on life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denisa Manková
- Sleep and Chronobiology Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Novák
- Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Sedlak
- Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Andrlíková Farkova
- Sleep and Chronobiology Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
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14
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Menczel Schrire Z, Gordon CJ, Palmer JR, Murray J, Hickie I, Rogers NL, Lewis SJG, Terpening Z, Pye JE, Naismith SL, Hoyos CM. Actigraphic and melatonin alignment in older adults with varying dementia risk. Chronobiol Int 2022; 40:91-102. [PMID: 36408793 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2022.2144744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms alter with ageing and may be aetiologically linked to neurodegeneration. This study explored the association between clinical markers and 1) dim light melatonin onset (DLMO) time and 2) phase angle derived from sleep midpoint, in older adults with varying dementia risks. Participants completed 14 days of actigraphy followed by in-lab measurement of salivary melatonin, from which DLMO time and phase angle were computed. Eighty participants (age = 65.5, SD = 9.6), 44 males (55%), MMSE (28.6, SD = 1.5) were included in the analysis. Sex (t = 2.15, p = .04), sleep onset (r = 0.49, p < .001) and midpoint (r = 0.44, p < .001) also correlated with DLMO time. Multiple linear regression showed chronotype, average actigraphy-derived light exposure during the DLMO window (window 2 h prior to DLMO to 2 h post), early biological day (6-10 h post DLMO time) and late biological day (10-14 h post DLMO time) were predictive of DLMO time (adjusted R2 = 0.75). Sleep offset, depression severity, average light exposure during the early biological night and early and late biological day were shown to be predictive variables in the estimation of phase angle (adjusted R2 = 0.78). The current study highlights the potential use of clinical variables, such as actigraphy-derived light, as circadian markers in ageing which could be easily implemented into existing clinical practice and could yield potential targets focusing on chronotherapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe Menczel Schrire
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Science, Healthy Brain Ageing Program, the University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- CIRUS, Centre for Sleep and Chronobiology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, the University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Brain & Mind Centre, the University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Christopher J Gordon
- CIRUS, Centre for Sleep and Chronobiology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, the University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, the University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jake R Palmer
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Science, Healthy Brain Ageing Program, the University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Brain & Mind Centre, the University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jade Murray
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ian Hickie
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Science, Healthy Brain Ageing Program, the University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Brain & Mind Centre, the University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, the University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Naomi L. Rogers
- Brain & Mind Centre, the University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Simon JG Lewis
- Brain & Mind Centre, the University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, the University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Zoe Terpening
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Science, Healthy Brain Ageing Program, the University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jonathon E Pye
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, the University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sharon L Naismith
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Science, Healthy Brain Ageing Program, the University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Brain & Mind Centre, the University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Camilla M Hoyos
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Science, Healthy Brain Ageing Program, the University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- CIRUS, Centre for Sleep and Chronobiology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, the University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Brain & Mind Centre, the University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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15
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Seo JY, Yeom JW, Cho CH, Son S, Ahn YM, Kim SJ, Ha TH, Cha B, Moon E, Park DY, Baek JH, Kang HJ, An H, Lee HJ. The relationship between morningness-eveningness and mood symptoms and quality of life in euthymic state of mood disorders: Results from a prospective observational cohort study. J Affect Disord 2022; 316:10-16. [PMID: 35940376 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.07.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The clinical importance of morningness-eveningness, especially in mood disorders, is prevailing. The differential relation of chronotype with diagnoses of early-onset mood disorders, mood symptoms, anxiety, and quality of life was evaluated. METHODS Early-onset mood disorder patients [n = 419; 146 major depressive disorder (MDD); 123 bipolar I disorder (BDI); 150 bipolar II disorder (BDII)] from the Mood Disorder Cohort Research Consortium were assessed for chronotype using the composite scale for morningness (CSM) and its association with clinical variables obtained during the clinician-verified euthymic state. RESULTS The mean total CSM of BDI was significantly higher than MDD and BDII (p < 0.001). In all types of mood disorders, higher total CSM was associated with lower Quick inventory of depressive symptomatology (p < 0.005) and higher WHO quality of life (p < 0.005). Such negative correlations between the total CSM and Montgomery-Asberg depression rating were significant in MDD and BDI (p < 0.05) and marginally significant in BDII (p = 0.077). CSM was a significant contributor to quality of life in BDI (p < 0.001) and BDII (p = 0.011), but it was not for MDD. LIMITATIONS The defined 'euthymic state' that may not fully reflect the remission of episode; limited generalizability due to clinical characteristic of early-onset mood disorder; the disparity between diurnal preference measured by the CSM and chronotype; possible effects of the last mood episode polarity and medication; and, lack of control group. CONCLUSION Less eveningness was associated with less severe depressive symptoms and better quality of life. This suggests that morningness may reduce residual depressive symptoms and recover function of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Yeon Seo
- Department of Psychiatry, Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Chronobiology Institute, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Won Yeom
- Department of Psychiatry, Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Chronobiology Institute, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul-Hyun Cho
- Chronobiology Institute, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Department of Psychiatry, Chungnam National University Sejong Hospital, Sejong, Republic of Korea
| | - Serhim Son
- Department of Biostatistics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Min Ahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Joo Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Hyon Ha
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Boseok Cha
- Department of Psychiatry, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunsoo Moon
- Department of Psychiatry, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Yeon Park
- Department of Psychiatry, National Center for Mental Health, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Baek
- Department of Psychiatry, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Ju Kang
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University College of Medicine, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyonggin An
- Department of Biostatistics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Heon-Jeong Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Chronobiology Institute, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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16
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Liu R, Ren Y, Hou T, Liang X, Dong Y, Wang Y, Cong L, Wang X, Qin Y, Ren J, Sindi S, Tang S, Du Y, Qiu C. Associations of sleep timing and time in bed with dementia and cognitive decline among Chinese older adults: A cohort study. J Am Geriatr Soc 2022; 70:3138-3151. [PMID: 36128778 DOI: 10.1111/jgs.18042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The longitudinal associations of sleep timing and time in bed (TIB) with dementia and cognitive decline in older adults are unclear. METHODS This population-based cohort study used data from 1982 participants who were aged ≥60 years, free of dementia, and living in rural communities in western Shandong, China. At the baseline (2014) and follow-up (2018) examinations, sleep parameters were assessed using standard questionnaires. Cognitive function was measured using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Dementia was diagnosed following the DSM-IV criteria, and the NIA-AA criteria for Alzheimer disease (AD). Data were analyzed using restricted cubic splines, Cox proportional-hazards models, and general linear models. RESULTS During the mean follow-up of 3.7 years, dementia was diagnosed in 97 participants (68 with AD). Restricted cubic spline curves showed J-shaped associations of sleep duration, TIB, and rise time with dementia risk, and a reverse J-shaped association with mid-sleep time. When sleep parameters were categorized into tertiles, the multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of incident dementia was 1.69 (95%CI 1.01-2.83) for baseline sleep duration >8 hours (vs. 7-8 h), 2.17 (1.22-3.87) for bedtime before 9 p.m. (vs. 10 p.m. or later), and 2.00 (1.23-3.24) for mid-sleep time before 1 a.m. (vs. 1-1.5 a.m.). Early bedtime and mid-sleep time were significantly associated with incident AD (HR range: 2.25-2.51; p < 0.05). Among individuals who were free of dementia at follow-up, baseline long TIB, early bedtime and mid-sleep time, early and late rise time, and prolonged TIB and advanced bedtime and mid-sleep time from baseline to follow-up were associated with a greater decline in MMSE score (p < 0.05). These associations with cognitive decline were statistically evident mainly among men or participants who were aged 60-74 years. CONCLUSIONS Long TIB and early sleep timing are associated with an increased risk of dementia, and the associations with greater cognitive decline are evident only among older people aged 60-74 years and men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Liu
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China.,Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yifei Ren
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China.,Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Hou
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China.,Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, People's Republic of China.,Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Liang
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China.,Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Dong
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China.,Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongxiang Wang
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China.,Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, People's Republic of China.,Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Cong
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China.,Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, People's Republic of China.,Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China.,Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, People's Republic of China.,Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Qin
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Ren
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China.,Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shireen Sindi
- Aging Research Center and Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet-Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.,Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Neuroepidemiology and Ageing Research Unit, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Shi Tang
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China.,Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, People's Republic of China.,Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yifeng Du
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China.,Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, People's Republic of China.,Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengxuan Qiu
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China.,Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, People's Republic of China.,Aging Research Center and Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet-Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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17
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Ayaki M, Negishi K, Kawashima M, Tsubota K. Starting Time of Presbyopic Eyeglasses Wear and Lifestyle. Front Public Health 2022; 10:856999. [PMID: 35784242 PMCID: PMC9240650 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.856999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Presbyopia is a serious burden in the aged population, however, the factors affecting its progression have not been fully determined. The aim of this study was to explore the association between the time of starting to wear presbyopic eyeglasses and lifestyle, in participants aged from 40 to 59 years. Methods We selected the sample to be representative of sex and age for the age group 40 to 59 years. Participants completed a web-based survey on presbyopia-related questions, symptomatic dry eye, sleep habits, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, subjective happiness scale (SHS), and other lifestyle-related questions including marital status, income, screen time, sun exposure, family history of myopia, and the frequency of regular visits to medical services. Results We found 529 participants (26.5%) used near correction, with a mean age for first near correction of 47.8±4.8 years. An earlier commencement of near correction correlated with hyperopia (P = 0.013), late wake-up time (P = 0.010), a poor subjective sleep quality score (P = 0.019), and a low annual income score (P = 0.025), after adjusting for age and sex. Stratification by income demonstrated the low-income group exhibited more dry eye, later wake-up time, longer sleep latency, longer sleep duration, worse sleep efficacy, lower SHS score, and a higher prevalence of living alone compared with the high-income group. The usage of corrective devices did not differ between the two groups. Conclusions The current study suggests a healthy sleep habit may delay the need for near correction, in addition to myopia. Shift work and circadian rhythm disruption might exacerbate presbyopia progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiko Ayaki
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Otake Clinic Moon View Eye Center, Kanagawa, Japan
- *Correspondence: Masahiko Ayaki
| | - Kazuno Negishi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Kazuno Negishi
| | - Motoko Kawashima
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuo Tsubota
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Tsubota Laboratory, Inc., Tokyo, Japan
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18
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Didikoglu A, Walker B, Maharani A, Pendleton N, Canal MM, Payton A, Gibson J, Brown T. Associations between chronotype and employment status in a longitudinal study of an elderly population. Chronobiol Int 2022; 39:1118-1131. [PMID: 35535553 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2022.2071158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Individuals with an 'evening' chronotype tend to sleep and wake later than people described to be 'morning' type if given a free choice. Since early awakening times, due to school and occupation, may be more challenging for those with evening chronotype, they are expected to be at greater risk of adverse health, occupational and educational outcomes. Our objectives are to investigate associations between chronotype and occupational, educational and health outcomes in a longitudinal cohort. We use sleep, sociodemographic and health data from The University of Manchester Longitudinal Study of Cognition in Normal Healthy Old Age, 1982 through 2010. The relationship between employment and longitudinal midsleep trajectories were estimated using linear mixed models. Associations between employment status and Cornell Medical Index, Beck Depression Inventory scores, cortisol concentrations at different times of the day stratified by chronotype were estimated using regression. The relationship between chronotype, occupational success, education, and cognition were also examined using regression methods. In older adults, compared to non-employed participants, employed participants get up 0.45 hours earlier. Evening-type employed individuals had earlier midsleep time compared to their non-employed counterparts and had abnormal longitudinal trajectories with an increasing trend as they aged. Employed individuals with evening chronotype had a higher risk of depression than employed morning-types. Moreover, employed individuals with evening chronotype had a higher cortisol concentration at 14:00 h than non-employed individuals. In addition, memory score was lower in individuals with morning chronotype, however processing speed was higher in individuals with morning chronotype compared to evening. Morning-types had a higher age when they finished full time education. Relative to evening-types, those with morning chronotype were 6.5% more likely to be in a job classed as professional or intermediate. Our findings suggest that evening-types are at a disadvantage with regards to occupational, educational and health outcomes in older adults due to their vulnerability to circadian and sleep disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Altug Didikoglu
- Division of Neuroscience & Experimental Psychology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Benjamin Walker
- Division of Population Health, Health Services Research & Primary Care, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Asri Maharani
- Division of Nursing, Midwifery & Social Work, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Neil Pendleton
- Division of Neuroscience & Experimental Psychology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Maria Mercè Canal
- Division of Neuroscience & Experimental Psychology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Antony Payton
- Division of Informatics, Imaging & Data Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Jon Gibson
- Division of Population Health, Health Services Research & Primary Care, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Timothy Brown
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology & Gastroenterology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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19
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Işik M, Kirli U. The mediating effect of attachment insecurity on circadian consequences of childhood trauma. Chronobiol Int 2022; 39:936-947. [PMID: 35300548 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2022.2050385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Circadian preferences have been associated with mental health as well as social and physical health in recent years. However, factors associated with circadian preferences have not been fully elucidated. The main aim of this study is to investigate the associations of childhood trauma and attachment styles with circadian preferences. A total of 673 participants were evaluated using the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ), the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire 28 (CTQ-28), and the Experiences in Close Relationships-Revised (ECR-R) questionnaire. The results indicated that 14.9% (n = 100) of the participants were morning type, 20.6% (n = 139) were evening type, and 64.5% (n = 434) were intermediate type. Both childhood trauma and attachment-related anxiety/avoidance scores were associated with being evening type (p < .01). Moreover, attachment-related anxiety and avoidance fully mediated the association between childhood trauma and circadian preferences. The present study showed that attachment styles might be associated with circadian preferences. Further studies are needed to replicate these results and to infer explanatory mechanisms for these cross-sectional associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mesut Işik
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Turkey
| | - Umut Kirli
- Department of Drug Abuse, Ege University, Institute on Drug Abuse, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science, Izmir, Turkey
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Chen S, Wang Y, Wang Z, Zhang X, Deng C, Ma B, Yang J, Lu Q, Zhao Y. Sleep Duration and Frailty Risk among Older Adults: Evidence from a Retrospective, Population-Based Cohort Study. J Nutr Health Aging 2022; 26:383-390. [PMID: 35450995 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-022-1766-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Frailty and sleep duration complaints are both prevalent and often coexist among older adults. The purpose of this study was to examine the prospective association between sleep duration and frailty risk in a nationally representative cohort study. DESIGN Prospective cohort study, ten-year follow-up. SETTING Community-based setting in 23 provinces of China. PARTICIPANTS A total of 7623 older adults age 65 and over without frailty at baseline were included in the analysis. MEASUREMENTS The participants were divided into three groups according to self-reported sleep duration: short (≤6 hours per day), middle (>6 but <10 hours per day) and long (≥10 hours per day). Frailty was measured according to the accumulation of health deficits by the construction of a frailty index of 38 items with 0.25 as the cutoff. A Cox proportional hazard model, a competing risk model and a generalized estimating equation (GEE) model with multiple adjustments were performed to evaluate the association between sleep duration and frailty risk. RESULTS During a median follow-up period of 4.4 years (IQR 2.9-9.0), 2531 (33.2%) individuals developed frailty. Compared with participants with middle sleep duration, the risk of frailty was increased among participants with long sleep duration (HR 1.26, 95% CI 1.14-1.38) in the fully adjusted Cox proportional hazard model. However, short sleep duration was insignificantly associated with frailty risk. The competing risk model and the GEE model yielded similar results. CONCLUSION Long sleep duration is significantly associated with frailty incidence among older adults even after adjustment for confounding factors. This study provides reinforcing longitudinal evidence for the need to design sleep quality improvement interventions in health care programs to prevent frailty among older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Chen
- Qi Lu, MD, School of Nursing, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China. Tel:86-23542855. Email address: ; Yue Zhao, PhD, Professor, School of Nursing, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China. Tel:86-23542855. Email address:
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21
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Druiven SJM, Riese H, Kamphuis J, Haarman BCM, Antypa N, Penninx BWJH, Schoevers RA, Meesters Y. Chronotype changes with age; seven-year follow-up from the Netherlands study of depression and anxiety cohort. J Affect Disord 2021; 295:1118-1121. [PMID: 34706423 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.08.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronotype reflects an individual's optimal daily timing of sleep, activity, and cognitive performance. Previous, cross-sectional, studies have suggested an age effect on chronotype with later chronotypes in adolescents and earlier chronotypes in children and elderly. Additionally, later chronotypes have been associated with more depressive symptoms. Few studies have been able to study longitudinal associations between chronotype and age, while adjusting for depressive symptoms. METHODS Chronotype was assessed twice with the Munich Chronotype Questionnaire 7 years apart in the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety (T1: N = 1842, mean age (SD): 42.63 years (12.66)) and T2: N = 1829, mean age (SD) 50.67 (13.11)). The longitudinal association between change in age and change in chronotype was tested using a generalized estimated equation analysis adjusted for covariates (including level of depressive symptoms). Using age-bins of 5 years (age at T2), change in chronotype between T1 and T2 was analyzed with Linear Mixed Models. RESULTS We found a change towards an earlier chronotype with higher age (B (95% CI): -0.011 (-0.014-0.008), p < 0.001). For the age-bins, the difference in chronotype was significant for the 25-29 years age-bin. LIMITATIONS The sample did not include individuals younger than 19 years or older than 68 years. CONCLUSIONS In the whole sample chronotype changed towards becoming more morning-type over a period of 7 years, but this change was only significant for those aged 25-29 years. The study was performed in a large naturalistic cohort study with a wide age-range, including patients with a diagnosis of depressive and anxiety disorder and healthy controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J M Druiven
- Department of Psychiatry, Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion regulation (ICPE), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry, Research School of Behavioral and Cognitive Neurosciences (BCN), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - H Riese
- Department of Psychiatry, Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion regulation (ICPE), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - J Kamphuis
- Department of Psychiatry, Research School of Behavioral and Cognitive Neurosciences (BCN), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - B C M Haarman
- Department of Psychiatry, Research School of Behavioral and Cognitive Neurosciences (BCN), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - N Antypa
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - B W J H Penninx
- Department of Psychiatry and Amsterdam Public Health Research Insitute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - R A Schoevers
- Department of Psychiatry, Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion regulation (ICPE), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry, Research School of Behavioral and Cognitive Neurosciences (BCN), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Y Meesters
- Department of Psychiatry, Research School of Behavioral and Cognitive Neurosciences (BCN), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
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22
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Li ZH, Huang QM, Gao X, Chung VCH, Zhang PD, Shen D, Zhang XR, Zhong WF, Liu D, Chen PL, Chen Q, Cai MC, Cheng X, Yang HL, Song WQ, Wu XB, Kraus VB, Mao C. Healthy Sleep Associated With Lower Risk of Hypertension Regardless of Genetic Risk: A Population-Based Cohort Study. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:769130. [PMID: 34869684 PMCID: PMC8637045 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.769130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Hypertension is a leading contributor to the global burden of disease and to mortality. The combined effects of sleep factors on the risk of hypertension are unclear. We aimed to evaluate the effect of combined sleep factors on the risk of hypertension and to explore whether this association is independent of genetic risk. Methods: This population-based prospective cohort study included 170,378 participants from the UK Biobank study. We conducted a healthy sleep score based on a combination of major five sleep factors and a genetic risk score based on 118 risk variants. Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: A total of 170,378 participants were included. Compared to participants with a healthy sleep score of 0-1, those with healthy sleep scores of 2 (HR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.83-0.98), 3 (HR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.75-0.88), 4 (HR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.68-0.81), or 5 (HR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.59-0.77) had increasingly lower risks of hypertension (P for trend <0.001). Participants with high genetic risk and an unfavorable sleep pattern had a 1.80-fold greater risk of hypertension than participants with low genetic risk and a favorable sleep pattern. The association between sleep patterns and hypertension persisted in subgroup analysis, stratified by the genetic risk. Nearly 18.2% of hypertension events in this cohort could be attributed to unfavorable sleep pattern. Conclusions: Favorable sleep pattern was associated with a low risk of hypertension, regardless of genetic risk. These findings highlight the potential of sleep interventions to reduce risk of hypertension across entire populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Hao Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing-Mei Huang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Vincent C. H. Chung
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Pei-Dong Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dong Shen
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xi-Ru Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Fang Zhong
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pei-Liang Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Miao-Chun Cai
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Cheng
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hai-Lian Yang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei-Qi Song
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xian-Bo Wu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Virginia Byers Kraus
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Chen Mao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Microbiome Medicine Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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23
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Lian X, Gu J, Wang S, Yan J, Chen X, Wang M, Zhang Y, Wang L. Effects of sleep habits on acute myocardial infarction risk and severity of coronary artery disease in Chinese population. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2021; 21:481. [PMID: 34620076 PMCID: PMC8499531 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-021-02251-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Growing evidence indicates that poor sleep harms health. Early to bed and early to rise is considered as a healthy lifestyle in Chinese population. The current study aimed to examine the effects of sleep habits on acute myocardial infarction (AMI) risk and severity of coronary artery disease (CAD) in Chinese population from two centers. Methods A total of 873 patients including 314 AMI cases and 559 controls were recruited from the inpatient cardiology department of the Affiliated Jiangning Hospital and the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University. 559 controls included 395 CAD cases and 164 non-CAD cases. We used a 17-item sleep factors questionnaire (SFQ) to evaluate sleep habits comprehensively by face-to-face interview. The severity of CAD was assessed by Gensini score in AMI and CAD groups. The effects of sleep factors on AMI risk and Gensini score were examined by unconditional logistic regression. Results After mutually adjustment for other sleep factors and demographic characteristics, the timing of sleep (24:00 and after) and morning waking (after 7:00) and sleep duration (< 6 h) were associated with increased risk of AMI (OR = 4.005, P < 0.001, OR = 2.544, P = 0.011 and OR = 2.968, P < 0.001, respectively). Lower level of light exposure at night was correlated with reduced risk of AMI (OR = 0.243, P = 0.009). In subgroup analysis by age, both late sleep timing and short sleep duration were associated with increased risk of AMI regardless of age. In subjects with age ≤ 65 years, daytime napping was related to reduced risk of AMI (OR = 0.645, P = 0.046). In subjects with age > 65 years, the frequency of night-time waking (3 times) was associated with increased risk of AMI (OR = 3.467, P = 0.035). Short sleep duration was correlated with increased risk of high Gensini score (OR = 2.374, P < 0.001). Conclusion Sleep insufficiency is an important risk factor both for AMI risk and CAD severity. Late sleeping is also associated with increased risk of AMI. In young and middle-aged people, regular naps may have a protective effect. Graphic abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12872-021-02251-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Lian
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu Province, China.,Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211100, China
| | - Jie Gu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Sibo Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jianjun Yan
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211100, China
| | - Xiaowen Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Mingwei Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310015, China
| | - Yuqing Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211100, China
| | - Liansheng Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Eggert T, Dorn H, Danker-Hopfe H. Nocturnal Brain Activity Differs with Age and Sex: Comparisons of Sleep EEG Power Spectra Between Young and Elderly Men, and Between 60-80-Year-Old Men and Women. Nat Sci Sleep 2021; 13:1611-1630. [PMID: 34584476 PMCID: PMC8464589 DOI: 10.2147/nss.s327221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Quantification of nocturnal EEG activity has emerged as a promising extension to the conventional sleep evaluation approach. To date, studies focusing on quantitative sleep EEG data in relation to age and sex have revealed considerable variation across lifespan and differences between men and women. However, sleep EEG power values from elderly individuals are still rare. The present secondary analysis aimed to fill this gap. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS Sleep EEG data of 30 healthy elderly males (mean age ± SD: 69.1 ± 5.5 years), 30 healthy elderly females (67.8 ± 5.7 years), and of 30 healthy young males (25.6 ± 2.4 years) have been collected in three different studies with the same experimental design. Each individual contributed three polysomnographic recordings without any intervention to the analysis. Sleep recordings were performed and evaluated according to the standard of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine. Sleep EEG signals were derived from 19 electrode sites. Sleep-stage specific global and regional EEG power were compared between samples using a permutation-based statistic in combination with the threshold-free cluster enhancement method. RESULTS The present results showed pronounced differences in sleep EEG power between older men and women. The nocturnal EEG activity of older women was generally larger than that of older men, confirming previously reported variations with sex in younger individuals. Aging was reflected by differences in EEG power between young and elderly men for lower frequencies and for the sleep spindle frequency range, again consistent with prior studies. CONCLUSION The findings of this investigation complement those of earlier studies. They add to the understanding of nocturnal brain activity manifestation in senior adulthood and show how it differs with age in males. Unfortunately, the lack of information on young women prevents a similar insight for females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torsten Eggert
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Competence Centre of Sleep Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hans Dorn
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Competence Centre of Sleep Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Heidi Danker-Hopfe
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Competence Centre of Sleep Medicine, Berlin, Germany
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25
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Baldanzi G, Hammar U, Fall T, Lindberg E, Lind L, Elmståhl S, Theorell-Haglöw J. Evening chronotype is associated with elevated biomarkers of cardiometabolic risk in the EpiHealth cohort: a cross-sectional study. Sleep 2021; 45:6364133. [PMID: 34480568 PMCID: PMC8842133 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsab226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Individuals with evening chronotype have a higher risk of cardiovascular and metabolic disorders, although the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. In a population-based cohort, we aimed to investigate the association between chronotype and 242 circulating proteins from three panels of established or candidate biomarkers of cardiometabolic processes. METHODS In 2,471 participants (49.7% men, mean age 61.2±8.4 SD years) from the EpiHealth cohort, circulating proteins were analyzed with a multiplex proximity extension technique. Participants self-reported their chronotype on a five-level scale from extreme morning to extreme evening chronotype. With the intermediate chronotype set as the reference, each protein was added as the dependent variable in a series of linear regression models adjusted for confounders. Next, the chronotype coefficients were jointly tested and the resulting p-values adjusted for multiple testing using false discovery rate (5%). For the associations identified, we then analyzed the marginal effect of each chronotype category. RESULTS We identified 17 proteins associated with chronotype. Evening chronotype was positively associated with proteins previously linked to insulin resistance and cardiovascular risk, namely retinoic acid receptor protein 2, fatty acid-binding protein adipocyte, tissue-type plasminogen activator, and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1). Additionally, PAI-1 was inversely associated with the extreme morning chronotype. CONCLUSIONS In this population-based study, proteins previously related with cardiometabolic risk were elevated in the evening chronotypes. These results may guide future research in the relation between chronotype and cardiometabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Baldanzi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala
| | - Ulf Hammar
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala
| | - Tove Fall
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala
| | - Eva Lindberg
- Department of Medical Sciences, Respiratory, Allergy and Sleep Research, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Lars Lind
- Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Sölve Elmståhl
- Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Division of Geriatric Medicine, Lund University, Sweden; CRC, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Jenny Theorell-Haglöw
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala.,Department of Medical Sciences, Respiratory, Allergy and Sleep Research, Uppsala University, Sweden
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26
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Scarpelli S, Alfonsi V, Gorgoni M, Camaioni M, Giannini AM, De Gennaro L. Age-Related Effect of Sleepiness on Driving Performance: A Systematic-Review. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11081090. [PMID: 34439709 PMCID: PMC8393523 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11081090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Several studies highlighted that sleepiness affects driving abilities. In particular, road traffic injuries due to excessive daytime sleepiness are about 10–20%. Considering that aging is related to substantial sleep changes and the number of older adults with driving license is increasing, the current review aims to summarize recent studies on this issue. Further, we intend to provide insights for future research. Methods: From the 717 records screened, ten articles were selected and systematically reviewed. Results: Among the selected articles, (a) five studies investigated sleepiness only by self-reported standardized measures; (b) two studies assessed sleepiness also using a behavioral task; (c) three studies obtained objective measures by electroencephalographic recordings. Conclusions: The available literature on the topic reports several limitations. Overall, many findings converge in evidencing that older drivers are less vulnerable to sleep loss and sleepiness-related driving impairments than young adults. These discrepancies in sleepiness vulnerability between age groups may be ascribed to differences in subjects’ lifestyles. Moreover, it has been hypothesized that older adults self-regulate their driving and avoid specific dangerous situations. We believe that an easy protocol to objectively evaluate the vigilance level in elderly and young adults is required, and further studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Scarpelli
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via dei Marsi 78, 00185 Rome, Italy; (V.A.); (M.G.); (M.C.); (A.M.G.); (L.D.G.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Valentina Alfonsi
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via dei Marsi 78, 00185 Rome, Italy; (V.A.); (M.G.); (M.C.); (A.M.G.); (L.D.G.)
| | - Maurizio Gorgoni
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via dei Marsi 78, 00185 Rome, Italy; (V.A.); (M.G.); (M.C.); (A.M.G.); (L.D.G.)
| | - Milena Camaioni
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via dei Marsi 78, 00185 Rome, Italy; (V.A.); (M.G.); (M.C.); (A.M.G.); (L.D.G.)
| | - Anna Maria Giannini
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via dei Marsi 78, 00185 Rome, Italy; (V.A.); (M.G.); (M.C.); (A.M.G.); (L.D.G.)
| | - Luigi De Gennaro
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via dei Marsi 78, 00185 Rome, Italy; (V.A.); (M.G.); (M.C.); (A.M.G.); (L.D.G.)
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via Ardeatina 306/354, 00179 Rome, Italy
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Abstract
Circadian rhythms, present in most phyla across life, are biological oscillations occurring on a daily cycle. Since the discovery of their molecular foundations in model organisms, many inputs that modify this tightly controlled system in humans have been identified. Polygenic variations and environmental factors influence each person's circadian rhythm, contributing to the trait known as chronotype, which manifests as the degree of morning or evening preference in an individual. Despite normal variation in chronotype, much of society operates on a "one size fits all" schedule that can be difficult to adjust to, especially for certain individuals whose endogenous circadian phase is extremely advanced or delayed. This is a public health concern, as phase misalignment in humans is associated with a number of adverse health outcomes. Additionally, modern technology (such as electric lights and computer, tablet, and phone screens that emit blue light) and lifestyles (such as shift or irregular work schedules) are disrupting circadian consistency in an increasing number of people. Though medical and lifestyle interventions can alleviate some of these issues, growing research on endogenous circadian variability and sensitivity suggests that broader social changes may be necessary to minimize the impact of circadian misalignment on health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ying-Hui Fu
- Department of Neurology
- Institute for Human Genetics
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, and
- Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Louis J. Ptáček
- Department of Neurology
- Institute for Human Genetics
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, and
- Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
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28
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Huang WC, Chang CS, Lin CY, Lai TF, Hsueh MC, Liao Y, Park JH. Is Sleep Timing Related to Objectively Measured Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior in Older Women? Nat Sci Sleep 2021; 13:1377-1381. [PMID: 34354382 PMCID: PMC8331085 DOI: 10.2147/nss.s308270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Sleep, sedentary behavior, and physical activity are the components of the 24-hour model, while the timing of sleep may play a critical role to impact waking behaviors. Therefore, the present study aimed to examine the relationship of sleep timing with sedentary behavior, light-intensity, moderate-to-vigorous-intensity physical activity, and daily steps in older women. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 90 community-dwelling older women (70.5 ± 5.4 years) were included in our sample. Multiple linear regression models were used to estimate the associations of accelerometer-measured sedentary behavior and physical activity metrics with the three sleep timing indicators (bedtime and wake time, and mid-sleep time). Bedtime and wake time were recorded by the participants, and mid-sleep time was estimated based on the two sleep indicators. RESULTS Most indicators of sleep timing were negatively associated with moderate-to-vigorous-intensity physical activity (unstandardized coefficient [B]-0.07 for bedtime and mid-sleep time, p<0.05) and daily steps (B ranged from -15.51 for bedtime to -13.73 for wake time, p<0.05). No associations of sleep timing were found in sedentary behavior and light-intensity physical activity. CONCLUSION The findings suggest that sleep timing should be considered when designing promising strategies or interventions for older women to be physically active.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Chi Huang
- Department of Health Promotion and Health Education, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Shuan Chang
- Institute of Health Behaviors and Community Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 100, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Yu Lin
- Graduate School of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa City, Saitama Prefecture, 359-1192, Japan
| | - Ting-Fu Lai
- Department of Health Promotion and Health Education, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chun Hsueh
- Graduate Institute of Sport Pedagogy, University of Taipei, Taipei City, 11153, Taiwan
| | - Yung Liao
- Department of Health Promotion and Health Education, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa City, Saitama, 359-1192, Japan
| | - Jong-Hwan Park
- Health Convergence Medicine Laboratory, Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, 49241, Korea
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The effect of season of birth on brain epigenome-wide DNA methylation of older adults. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2021; 13:367-377. [PMID: 34308828 DOI: 10.1017/s2040174421000453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Perinatal light exposure predisposes towards health and behaviour in adulthood. Season of birth is associated with psychiatric, allergic, cardiovascular and metabolic problems. It has been proposed that early-life environmental light disrupts the development of biological rhythms which, in turn, influence later-life health. However, the mechanisms linking perinatal seasonal light to later-life biological rhythm and health in humans are unknown. In this study, we investigated the association between season of birth and epigenome-wide DNA methylation of two postmortem human brain regions (16 hypothalamus, 14 temporal cortex). We did not find statistically significant differences at the whole epigenome level, either because we lacked statistical power or that no association exists. However, when we examined 24 CpG sites that had the highest significance or differential methylation, we identified regions which may be associated with circadian rhythm entrainment, cholinergic neurotransmission and neural development. Amongst methylation of the core clock genes, we identified that hypothalamus Neuronal PAS Domain Protein 2 (NPAS2) gene has hypermethylated regions in long photoperiod-born individuals. In addition, we found nominal associations between season of birth and genes linked to chronotype and narcolepsy. Season of birth-related brain DNA methylation profile was different than a previously reported blood methylation profile, suggesting a tissue-specific mechanism of perinatal light programming. Overall, we are the first to analyse the relationship between season of birth and human brain DNA methylation. Further studies with larger sample sizes are required to confirm an imprinting effect of perinatal light on the circadian clock.
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Markovic SJ, Fitzgerald M, Peiffer JJ, Scott BR, Rainey-Smith SR, Sohrabi HR, Brown BM. The impact of exercise, sleep, and diet on neurocognitive recovery from mild traumatic brain injury in older adults: A narrative review. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 68:101322. [PMID: 33737117 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) accounts for a large majority of traumatic brain injuries sustained globally each year. Older adults, who are already susceptible to age-related declines to neurocognitive health, appear to be at an increased risk of both sustaining an mTBI and experiencing slower or impaired recovery. There is also growing evidence that mTBI is a potential risk factor for accelerated cognitive decline and neurodegeneration. Lifestyle-based interventions are gaining prominence as a cost-effective means of maintaining cognition and brain health with age. Consequently, inter-individual variations in exercise, sleep, and dietary patterns could influence the trajectory of post-mTBI neurocognitive recovery, particularly in older adults. This review synthesises the current animal and human literature centred on the mechanisms through which lifestyle-related habits and behaviours could influence acute and longer-term neurocognitive functioning following mTBI. Numerous neuroprotective processes which are impacted by lifestyle factors have been established in animal models of TBI. However, the literature is characterised by a lack of translation to human samples and limited appraisal of the interaction between ageing and brain injury. Further research is needed to better establish the therapeutic utility of applying lifestyle-based modifications to improve post-mTBI neurocognitive outcomes in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaun J Markovic
- Discipline of Exercise Science, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, 90 South St, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia; Australian Alzheimer's Research Foundation, Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute Building, 8 Verdun St, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.
| | - Melinda Fitzgerald
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute Building, 8 Verdun St, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute Building, 8 Verdun St, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Jeremiah J Peiffer
- Discipline of Exercise Science, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, 90 South St, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia; Centre for Healthy Ageing, Murdoch University, 90 South St, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia; Murdoch Applied Sports Science Laboratory, Murdoch University, 90 South St, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Brendan R Scott
- Discipline of Exercise Science, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, 90 South St, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia; Centre for Healthy Ageing, Murdoch University, 90 South St, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia; Murdoch Applied Sports Science Laboratory, Murdoch University, 90 South St, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Stephanie R Rainey-Smith
- Australian Alzheimer's Research Foundation, Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute Building, 8 Verdun St, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; Centre for Healthy Ageing, Murdoch University, 90 South St, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia; School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Dr, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia; School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Hamid R Sohrabi
- Australian Alzheimer's Research Foundation, Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute Building, 8 Verdun St, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; Centre for Healthy Ageing, Murdoch University, 90 South St, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia; School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Dr, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Macquarie University, Balaclava Rd, Macquarie Park, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Belinda M Brown
- Discipline of Exercise Science, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, 90 South St, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia; Australian Alzheimer's Research Foundation, Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute Building, 8 Verdun St, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; Centre for Healthy Ageing, Murdoch University, 90 South St, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
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31
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Griffioen MA, Bowen ME, Resnick B, Renn CL, Ji X. Prior Night Sleep Affects Next-Day Pain Interference Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults With Lower Extremity Chronic Pain. Res Gerontol Nurs 2021; 14:173-179. [PMID: 34288781 DOI: 10.3928/19404921-20210526-02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Emergent work suggests that sleep is a robust biobehavioral predictor of pain; however, it remains unclear how sleep is prospectively linked to pain on a day-to-day basis among older adults. The current prospective study examined how sleep duration (total sleep time), quality (sleep efficiency, wake after sleep onset), and late and irregular sleep timing influenced next-day pain perception among community-dwelling older adults (N = 10; 65 matched observations) with lower extremity chronic pain over 1 week. Multilevel modeling estimated the association between sleep (Actigraph GT9X Link) and pain perception (Brief Pain Inventory Short Form). Increased wake after sleep onset (B = 0.19, p = 0.04), sleep variability (B = 0.02, p = 0.01), and later midsleep time (B = 0.40, p < 0.05) were associated with increased pain interference the following day. Findings support the idea that timely sleep interventions may reduce the effect of poor sleep on next-day pain in older adults. [Research in Gerontological Nursing, 14(4), 173-179.].
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32
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Reis-Canaan JC, Canaan MM, Costa PD, Rodrigues-Juliatte TP, Pereira MCA, Castelo PM, Pardi V, M. Murata R, Pereira LJ. Association between Chronotype and Nutritional, Clinical and Sociobehavioral Characteristics of Adults Assisted by a Public Health Care System in Brazil. Nutrients 2021; 13:2260. [PMID: 34209002 PMCID: PMC8308412 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronotype (CT) has been associated with predisposition to chronic noncommunicable diseases (CNCDs), such as diabetes mellitus and obesity. However, the effects of CT on individuals assisted by public health systems (PHSs) in middle-up economies are still poorly explored. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between CT and clinical, sociobehavioral and nutritional aspects in adults assisted by a PHS in Brazil. This is a population-based cross-sectional study. The sample consisted of 380 individuals, selected through probabilistic sampling by clusters, in all health units in a city of approximately 100 thousand inhabitants. Data collection was performed during home visits, by means of general and nutritional interviews, anthropometric measurements and the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ). Statistical analysis comprised chi-square test and principal component analysis (CPA) followed by Fisher's discriminant analysis to determine aspects associated with each CT (morning, evening or intermediate). With the aim of explaining the variation in the CT scores, the consumption of micronutrients (corrected to the total energy intake) and other individual and sociodemographic variables were used as explanatory factors in the adjustment of a linear regression model. The morning group was characterized by older men, with less than eight years of schooling, with low body mass index (BMI) and with low intake of omega-6, omega-3, sodium, zinc, thiamine, pyridoxine and niacin. The evening group, on the other hand, was composed of younger individuals, with a high consumption of these same nutrients, with high BMI and a higher frequency of heart diseases (p < 0.05). It was concluded that most morning CT individuals were elderly thin males with lower consumption of omega-6 and -3, sodium, zinc, thiamine, pyridoxine and niacin, whereas evening individuals were younger, had higher BMI and had higher consumption of the studied micronutrients. The identification of circadian and behavioral risk groups can help to provide preventive and multidisciplinary health promotion measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana C. Reis-Canaan
- Health Sciences Faculty, Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), Lavras 37200-900, MG, Brazil; (J.C.R.-C.); (M.M.C.); (P.D.C.); (T.P.R.-J.); (M.C.A.P.)
| | - Marcelo M. Canaan
- Health Sciences Faculty, Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), Lavras 37200-900, MG, Brazil; (J.C.R.-C.); (M.M.C.); (P.D.C.); (T.P.R.-J.); (M.C.A.P.)
| | - Patrícia D. Costa
- Health Sciences Faculty, Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), Lavras 37200-900, MG, Brazil; (J.C.R.-C.); (M.M.C.); (P.D.C.); (T.P.R.-J.); (M.C.A.P.)
| | - Tamires P. Rodrigues-Juliatte
- Health Sciences Faculty, Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), Lavras 37200-900, MG, Brazil; (J.C.R.-C.); (M.M.C.); (P.D.C.); (T.P.R.-J.); (M.C.A.P.)
| | - Michel C. A. Pereira
- Health Sciences Faculty, Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), Lavras 37200-900, MG, Brazil; (J.C.R.-C.); (M.M.C.); (P.D.C.); (T.P.R.-J.); (M.C.A.P.)
| | - Paula M. Castelo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Diadema 09913-030, SP, Brazil;
| | - Vanessa Pardi
- Department of Foundational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, East Carolina University (ECU), Greenville, NC 27834, USA;
| | - Ramiro M. Murata
- Department of Foundational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, East Carolina University (ECU), Greenville, NC 27834, USA;
| | - Luciano J. Pereira
- Health Sciences Faculty, Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), Lavras 37200-900, MG, Brazil; (J.C.R.-C.); (M.M.C.); (P.D.C.); (T.P.R.-J.); (M.C.A.P.)
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33
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Montaruli A, Castelli L, Mulè A, Scurati R, Esposito F, Galasso L, Roveda E. Biological Rhythm and Chronotype: New Perspectives in Health. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11040487. [PMID: 33804974 PMCID: PMC8063933 DOI: 10.3390/biom11040487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The circadian rhythm plays a fundamental role in regulating biological functions, including sleep–wake preference, body temperature, hormonal secretion, food intake, and cognitive and physical performance. Alterations in circadian rhythm can lead to chronic disease and impaired sleep. The circadian rhythmicity in human beings is represented by a complex phenotype. Indeed, over a 24-h period, a person’s preferred time to be more active or to sleep can be expressed in the concept of morningness–eveningness. Three chronotypes are distinguished: Morning, Neither, and Evening-types. Interindividual differences in chronotypes need to be considered to reduce the negative effects of circadian disruptions on health. In the present review, we examine the bi-directional influences of the rest–activity circadian rhythm and sleep–wake cycle in chronic pathologies and disorders. We analyze the concept and the main characteristics of the three chronotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Montaruli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Via G. Colombo 71, 20133 Milan, Italy; (A.M.); (L.C.); (A.M.); (R.S.); (F.E.); (E.R.)
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Via R. Galeazzi 4, 20161 Milan, Italy
| | - Lucia Castelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Via G. Colombo 71, 20133 Milan, Italy; (A.M.); (L.C.); (A.M.); (R.S.); (F.E.); (E.R.)
| | - Antonino Mulè
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Via G. Colombo 71, 20133 Milan, Italy; (A.M.); (L.C.); (A.M.); (R.S.); (F.E.); (E.R.)
| | - Raffaele Scurati
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Via G. Colombo 71, 20133 Milan, Italy; (A.M.); (L.C.); (A.M.); (R.S.); (F.E.); (E.R.)
| | - Fabio Esposito
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Via G. Colombo 71, 20133 Milan, Italy; (A.M.); (L.C.); (A.M.); (R.S.); (F.E.); (E.R.)
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Via R. Galeazzi 4, 20161 Milan, Italy
| | - Letizia Galasso
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Via G. Colombo 71, 20133 Milan, Italy; (A.M.); (L.C.); (A.M.); (R.S.); (F.E.); (E.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +2-5031-4656
| | - Eliana Roveda
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Via G. Colombo 71, 20133 Milan, Italy; (A.M.); (L.C.); (A.M.); (R.S.); (F.E.); (E.R.)
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Via R. Galeazzi 4, 20161 Milan, Italy
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34
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Höller Y, Gudjónsdottir BE, Valgeirsdóttir SK, Heimisson GT. The effect of age and chronotype on seasonality, sleep problems, and mood. Psychiatry Res 2021; 297:113722. [PMID: 33476898 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2021.113722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Seasonal affective disorder has been associated with sleep problems, young age, and an evening chronotype. A chronotype refers to an individual's preference in the timing of their sleep-wake cycle, as well as the time during the sleep-wake cycle when a person is most alert and energetic. Seasonality refers to season-dependent fluctuations in sleep length, social activity, mood, weight, appetite, and energy level. Evening chronotype is more common in young adults and morning chronotype more common in the elderly. This study aimed to estimate the differential contribution of chronotype and age on seasonality. A sample of n=410 participants were included in the study. The age groups showed significantly different results according to sleep parameters, depression, anxiety, stress, seasonality, and chronotype. The oldest group (>59 years) showed the lowest scores on all of these scales. According to a path analysis, chronotype and age predict propensity for seasonality. However, sleep problems were linked to chronotype but not to age. Older adults seem to be more resistant to seasonal changes that are perceived as a problem than young and middle aged adults. Future studies would benefit from considering cultural aspects and examine seasonality, chronotype, depression, and insomnia in longitudinal designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Höller
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Akureyri, Nordurslod 2, 600 Akureyri, Iceland.
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35
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Season-of-birth phenomenon in health and longevity: epidemiologic evidence and mechanistic considerations. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2020; 12:849-858. [PMID: 33298226 DOI: 10.1017/s2040174420001221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In many human populations, especially those living in regions with pronounced climatic differences between seasons, the most sensitive (prenatal and neonatal) developmental stages occur in contrasting conditions depending on the season of conception. The difference in prenatal and postnatal environments may be a factor significantly affecting human development and risk for later life chronic diseases. Factors potentially contributing to this kind of developmental programming include nutrition, outdoor temperature, infectious exposures, duration of sunlight, vitamin D synthesis, etc. Month of birth is commonly used as a proxy for exposures which vary seasonally around the perinatal period. Season-of-birth patterns have been identified for many chronic health outcomes. In this review, the research evidence for the seasonality of birth in adult-life disorders is provided and potential mechanisms underlying the phenomenon of early life seasonal programming of chronic disease and longevity are discussed.
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36
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Gamble KL. Rhythms in Neurometabolism Decline with Age. Neuroscience 2020; 448:299. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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37
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Maukonen M, Havulinna AS, Männistö S, Kanerva N, Salomaa V, Partonen T. Genetic Associations of Chronotype in the Finnish General Population. J Biol Rhythms 2020; 35:501-511. [PMID: 32579418 PMCID: PMC7534025 DOI: 10.1177/0748730420935328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Individuals with a later chronotype (evening types) tend to have unhealthier behaviors and increased morbidity and mortality as compared with those with an earlier chronotype (morning types). However, the role of genetics in explaining evening types' adverse health and health behavior is unclear. Our aim was to study genetic associations of chronotype among 8433 Finns from the cross-sectional National FINRISK 2007 and 2012 studies. First, we studied associations between chronotype and 20 key clock genes with a candidate-gene approach and then performed a full genome-wide association study (GWAS) of chronotype. We also developed a genetic risk score (GRS) for chronotype based on 313 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that have previously been associated with chronotype. Chronotype was assessed with a shortened version of Horne and Östberg's Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (sMEQ), and for comparison, we also used the single self-evaluation question on chronotype from the questionnaire. Linear and logistic regression was used for statistical analysis assuming additive effects. The clock gene analysis revealed 1 independent association signal within NR1D2 (lead SNP rs4131403) that was associated with chronotype (p < 0.05; as based on both chronotype assessment methods). The GWAS analysis did not yield any genome-wide significant associations (p > 5 × 10-8). However, higher GRS was associated with evening chronotype (p < 0.001; as based on both chronotype assessment methods). In conclusion, our findings indicated novel genetic associations between chronotype and the NR1D2 clock gene, which has previously been associated with carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. Furthermore, the GRS was able to capture the genetic aspect of chronotype in our study population. These findings expand our knowledge of the genetic basis of chronotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirkka Maukonen
- Department of Public Health Solutions, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Aki S Havulinna
- Department of Public Health Solutions, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.,Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM/HiLIFE), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Satu Männistö
- Department of Public Health Solutions, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Veikko Salomaa
- Department of Public Health Solutions, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Timo Partonen
- Department of Public Health Solutions, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
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38
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Santos RC, Silva ACPE, José Dos Santos M, Barbosa MR, Coimbra DG, Gitaí DLG, de Andrade TG. Environmental temperature as a mediator on the association between photoperiod at birth and chronotype. Chronobiol Int 2020; 37:1662-1668. [PMID: 32573265 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2020.1773843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The association between chronotypes and season of birth (SOB) remains an inconclusive issue due, in some extension, to the lack of investigations of mediation mechanisms. We evaluated the association of photoperiod at birth (PAB) with chronotypes and sleep duration in Brazil (n = 810), and the mediating effect of meteorological factors, sex, age and rs4753426 polymorphism in the melatonin receptor MTNR1B. Longer PAB was associated with a delayed mid-sleep phase with a suppressive effect of maximum environmental temperature. No significant interactions were identified for the other variables. These findings suggest that photoperiod and environmental temperature modulate chronotype development at early stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Costa Santos
- Circadian Medicine Center, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Alagoas , Maceió, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Daniel Gomes Coimbra
- Circadian Medicine Center, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Alagoas , Maceió, Brazil
| | - Daniel Leite Góes Gitaí
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences and Health, Feferal University of Alagoas , Maceió, Brazil
| | - Tiago Gomes de Andrade
- Circadian Medicine Center, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Alagoas , Maceió, Brazil
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39
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Björkqvist J, Kuula J, Kuula L, Nurhonen M, Hovi P, Räikkönen K, Pesonen A, Kajantie E. Chronotype in very low birth weight adults - a sibling study. Chronobiol Int 2020; 37:1023-1033. [PMID: 32354238 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2020.1754847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Chronotype is the temporal preference for activity and sleep during the 24 h day and is linked to mental and physical health, quality of life, and mortality. Later chronotypes, so-called "night owls", consistently display poorer health outcomes than "larks". Previous studies have suggested that preterm birth (<37 weeks of gestation) is associated with an earlier chronotype in children, adolescents, and young adults, but studies beyond this age are absent. Our aim was to determine if adults born preterm at very low birth weight (VLBW, ≤1500 g) display different chronotypes than their siblings. We studied VLBW adults, aged 29.9 years (SD 2.8), matched with same-sex term-born siblings as controls. A total of 123 participants, consisting of 53 sibling pairs and 17 unmatched participants, provided actigraphy-derived data on the timing, duration, and quality of sleep from 1640 nights (mean 13.3 per participant, SD 2.7). Mixed effects models provided estimates and significance tests. Compared to their siblings, VLBW adults displayed 27 min earlier sleep midpoint during free days (95% CI: 3 to 51 min, p =.029). This was also reflected in the timing of falling asleep, waking up, and sleep-debt corrected sleep midpoint. The findings were emphasized in VLBW participants born small for gestational age. VLBW adults displayed an earlier chronotype than their siblings still at age 30, which suggests that the earlier chronotype is an enduring individual trait not explained by shared family factors. This preference could provide protection from risks associated with preterm birth. ABBREVIATIONS AGA: Appropriate for gestational age; ELBW: Extremely low birth weight, ≤ 1000 grams; FMBR: Finnish Medical Birth Registry; HeSVA: Helsinki Study of Very low birth weight Adults; MSFsc: Midsleep on free days, corrected for sleep debt; SGA: Small for gestational age, ≤ -2 SD; VLBW: Very low birth weight, ≤ 1500 grams; WASO: Wake after sleep onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Björkqvist
- Children's Hospital, and Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital , Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Public Health Promotion, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare , Helsinki, Finland
| | - Juho Kuula
- Department of Public Health Promotion, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare , Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Radiology, HUS Medical Imaging Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital , Helsinki, Finland
| | - Liisa Kuula
- SleepWell Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki , Helsinki, Finland
| | - Markku Nurhonen
- Department of Public Health Promotion, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare , Helsinki, Finland
| | - Petteri Hovi
- Children's Hospital, and Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital , Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Public Health Promotion, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare , Helsinki, Finland
| | - Katri Räikkönen
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki , Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anu Pesonen
- SleepWell Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki , Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eero Kajantie
- Children's Hospital, and Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital , Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Public Health Promotion, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare , Helsinki, Finland.,PEDEGO Research Unit, University of Oulu , Oulu, Finland.,Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology , Trondheim, Norway
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40
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Didikoglu A, Maharani A, Canal MM, Pendleton N, Payton A. Interactions between season of birth, chronological age and genetic polymorphisms in determining later-life chronotype. Mech Ageing Dev 2020; 188:111253. [PMID: 32371234 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2020.111253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Human chronotype, the temporal pattern of daily behaviors, is influenced by postnatal seasonal programming and ageing. The aim of this study was to investigate genetic variants that are associated with season of birth programming and longitudinal chronotype change. Longitudinal sleep timing and genotype data from 1449 participants were collected for up to 27 years. Gene-environment interaction analysis was performed for 445 candidate single nucleotide polymorphisms that have previously been associated with chronotype. Associations were tested using linear mixed model. We identified 67 suggestively significant genomic loci that have genotype-ageing interaction and 25 genomic loci that may have genotype-season of birth interaction in determining chronotype. We attempted to replicate the results using longitudinal data of the UK Biobank from approximately 30,000 participants. Biological functions of these genes suggest that epigenetic regulation of gene expression and neural development may have roles in these processes. The strongest associated gene for sleep trajectories was ALKBH5, which has functions of DNA repair and epigenetic regulation. A potential candidate gene for postnatal seasonal programming was SIRT1, which has previously been implicated in postnatal programming, ageing and longevity. Genetic diversity may explain the heterogeneity in ageing-related change of sleep timing and postnatal environmental programming of later-life chronotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Altug Didikoglu
- Division of Neuroscience & Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, UK(2).
| | - Asri Maharani
- Division of Nursing, Midwifery & Social Work, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, UK
| | - Maria Mercè Canal
- Division of Neuroscience & Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, UK(2)
| | - Neil Pendleton
- Division of Neuroscience & Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, UK(2)
| | - Antony Payton
- Division of Informatics, Imaging & Data Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, UK
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Didikoglu A, Canal MM, Pendleton N, Payton A. Seasonality and season of birth effect in the
UK
Biobank cohort. Am J Hum Biol 2020; 32:e23417. [DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Altug Didikoglu
- Division of Neuroscience & Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health The University of Manchester Manchester UK
| | - Maria Mercè Canal
- Division of Neuroscience & Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health The University of Manchester Manchester UK
| | - Neil Pendleton
- Division of Neuroscience & Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health The University of Manchester Manchester UK
| | - Antony Payton
- Division of Informatics, Imaging & Data Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health The University of Manchester Manchester UK
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Ashbrook LH, Krystal AD, Fu YH, Ptáček LJ. Genetics of the human circadian clock and sleep homeostat. Neuropsychopharmacology 2020; 45:45-54. [PMID: 31400754 PMCID: PMC6879540 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-019-0476-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Timing and duration of sleep are controlled by the circadian system, which keeps an ~24-h internal rhythm that entrains to environmental stimuli, and the sleep homeostat, which rises as a function of time awake. There is a normal distribution across the population in how the circadian system aligns with typical day and night resulting in varying circadian preferences called chronotypes. A portion of the variation in the population is controlled by genetics as shown by the single-gene mutations that confer extreme early or late chronotypes. Similarly, there is a normal distribution across the population in sleep duration. Genetic variations have been identified that lead to a short sleep phenotype in which individuals sleep only 4-6.5 h nightly. Negative health consequences have been identified when individuals do not sleep at their ideal circadian timing or are sleep deprived relative to intrinsic sleep need. Whether familial natural short sleepers are at risk of the health consequences associated with a short sleep duration based on population data is not known. More work needs to be done to better assess for an individual's chronotype and degree of sleep deprivation to answer these questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liza H Ashbrook
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
| | - Andrew D Krystal
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- Weill Institute for Neuroscience, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Ying-Hui Fu
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- Weill Institute for Neuroscience, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Louis J Ptáček
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
- Weill Institute for Neuroscience, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
- Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
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