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Begh MZA, Khan J, Al Amin M, Sweilam SH, Dharmamoorthy G, Gupta JK, Sangeetha J, Lokeshvar R, Nafady MH, Ahmad I, Alshehri MA, Emran TB. Monoterpenoid synergy: a new frontier in biological applications. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024:10.1007/s00210-024-03342-x. [PMID: 39105799 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03342-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
Monoterpenoids, compounds found in various organisms, have diverse applications in various industries. Their effectiveness is influenced by the oil's chemical composition, which in turn is influenced by plant genotype, environmental conditions, cultivation practices, and plant development stage. They are used in various industries due to their distinctive odor and taste, serving as ingredients, additives, insecticides, and repellents. These compounds have synergistic properties, resulting in superior combined effects over discrete ones, potentially beneficial for various health purposes. Many experimental studies have investigated their interactions with other ingredients and their antibacterial, insecticidal, antifungal, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. This review discusses potential synergistic interactions between monoterpenoids and other compounds, their sources, and biological functions. It also emphasizes the urgent need for more research on their bioavailability and toxicity, underlining the importance and relevance of this comprehensive study in the current scientific landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Zamshed Alam Begh
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh.
| | - Jishan Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Kumira, Chittagong, 4318, Bangladesh
| | - Md Al Amin
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Sherouk Hussein Sweilam
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Cairo-Suez Road, Badr City, Cairo, 11829, Egypt
| | - G Dharmamoorthy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, MB School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mohan Babu University (Erstwhile Sree Vidyaniketan College of Pharmacy), Tirupati, India
| | - Jeetendra Kumar Gupta
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, 281406, India
| | - J Sangeetha
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Malla Reddy Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maisammaguda, Dhulapally, 500100, India
| | - R Lokeshvar
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha College of Pharmacy, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha Nagar, Thandalam, Chennai, India
| | - Mohamed H Nafady
- Faculty of Applied Health Science Technology, Misr University for Science and Technology, Giza, 12568, Egypt
| | - Irfan Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Science, King Khalid University, Abha, 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Ali Alshehri
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, 71491, Saudi Arabia
| | - Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh.
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Zou K, Yin K, Ren S, Zhang R, Zhang L, Zhao Y, Li R. Activity and mechanism of action of antimicrobial peptide ACPs against Candida albicans. Life Sci 2024; 350:122767. [PMID: 38843993 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Candida albicans is the most prevalent pathogenic fungus, exhibiting escalating multidrug resistance (MDR). Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) represent promising candidates for addressing this issue. In this research, five antimicrobial peptides, ACP1 to ACP5 which named ACPs were studied as alternative fungicidal molecules. MAIN METHODS CD assay was used to analyze the 2D structures, Absorbance method was used to test the antimicrobial activity, haemolytic activity, time-kill kinetics, biofilm inhibition and reduction activity, resistance induction activity and assessment against fluconazole-resistant C. albicans. SEM, TEM, CLSM, flow cytometer and FM were carried out to provide insight into the mechanisms of anti-Candida action. KEY FINDINGS ACPs possessed an α-helical structure and strong anti-Candida activities, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) from 3.9 to 15.6 μg/mL. In addition, ACPs did not produce hemolysis at concentrations lower than 10 or 62 × MIC, indicating their low cytotoxicity. Fungicidal kinetics showed that they completely killed C. albicans within 8 h at 2 to 4 × MIC. Notably, ACPs were highly fungicidal against fluconazole-resistant C. albicans and showed low resistance. In addition, they were effective in inhibiting mycelium and biofilm formation. Fluorescence microscopy revealed that while fluconazole had minimal to no inhibitory effect on biofilm-forming cells, ACPs induced apoptosis in all of them. The research on mechanism of action revealed that ACPs disrupted the cell membranes, with ROS increasing and cellular mitochondrial membrane potential decreasing. SIGNIFICANCE ACPs could be promising candidates for combating fluconazole-resistant C. albicans infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuiming Zou
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecules for Biomedical Research, Zhengzhou, Henan University of Technology, 450001 Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China; College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, 450001 Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Kedong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecules for Biomedical Research, Zhengzhou, Henan University of Technology, 450001 Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China; College of Information Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, 450001 Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Shiming Ren
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecules for Biomedical Research, Zhengzhou, Henan University of Technology, 450001 Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China; College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, 450001 Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Ruiling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecules for Biomedical Research, Zhengzhou, Henan University of Technology, 450001 Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China; School of Economics and Trade, Henan University of Technology, 450001 Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Lan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecules for Biomedical Research, Zhengzhou, Henan University of Technology, 450001 Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China; College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, 450001 Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Yingyuan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecules for Biomedical Research, Zhengzhou, Henan University of Technology, 450001 Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China; College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, 450001 Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Ruifang Li
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecules for Biomedical Research, Zhengzhou, Henan University of Technology, 450001 Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China; College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, 450001 Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China.
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Dias JP, Domingues FC, Ferreira S. Linalool Reduces Virulence and Tolerance to Adverse Conditions of Listeria monocytogenes. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:474. [PMID: 38927141 PMCID: PMC11201053 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13060474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes, a foodborne pathogen causing listeriosis, poses substantial societal, economic, and public health challenges due to its resistance, persistence, and biofilm formation in the food industry. Exploring subinhibitory concentrations of compounds to target virulence inhibition and increase susceptibility to adverse conditions presents a promising strategy to mitigate its impact of L. monocytogenes and unveils new potential applications. Thus, this study aims to explore the effect of linalool on virulence factors of L. monocytogenes and potential use in the reduction in its tolerance to stressful conditions. This action was analysed considering the use of two sub-inhibitory concentrations of linalool, 0.312 and 0.625 mg/mL. We found that even with the lowest tested concentrations, a 65% inhibition of violacein production by Chromobacterium violaceum, 55% inhibition in biofilm formation by L. monocytogenes and 62% reduction on haemolysis caused by this bacterium were observed. In addition to its impact on virulence factors, linalool diminished the tolerance to osmotic stress (up to 4.3 log reduction after 24 h with 12% NaCl), as well as to high (up to 3.8 log reduction after 15 min at 55 °C) and low temperatures (up to 4.6 log reduction after 84 days with 12% NaCl at 4 °C). Thus, this study paves the way to further investigation into the potential utilization of linalool to mitigate the threat posed by L. monocytogenes in the field of food safety and public health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Susana Ferreira
- CICS-UBI Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Avenida Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (J.P.D.); (F.C.D.)
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Yang Z, Zhang S, Ji N, Li J, Chen Q. The evil companion of OSCC: Candida albicans. Oral Dis 2024; 30:1873-1886. [PMID: 37530513 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Microbial dysbiosis and microbiome-induced inflammation may play a role in the etiopathogenesis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Candida albicans (C. albicans) is the most prevalent opportunistic pathogenic fungus in the oral cavity, and Candida infection is considered as one of its high-risk factors. Although oral microbiota-host interactions are closely associated with the development of OSCC, the interrelationship between fungi and OSCC is poorly understood compared to that between bacteria and viruses. RESULTS We accumulated knowledge of the evidence, pathogenic factors, and possible multiple mechanisms by which C. albicans promotes malignant transformation of OSCC, focusing on the induction of epithelial damage, production of carcinogens, and regulation of the tumor microenvironment. In addition, we highlight the latest treatment strategies for Candida infection. CONCLUSION This review provides a new perspective on the interrelationship between C. albicans and OSCC and contributes to the establishment of a systematic and reliable clinical treatment system for OSCC patients with C. albicans infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Shiyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Ning Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Qianming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
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Pasrija R, Kumari D, Wadhwan S, Chhillar AK, Mittal V. The Zanthoxylum armatum fruit's oil exterminates Candida cells by inhibiting ergosterol biosynthesis without generating reactive oxygen species. Int Microbiol 2024; 27:423-434. [PMID: 37481507 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-023-00401-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
Candida spp. is a significant cause of topical and fungal infections in humans. In addition to Candida albicans, many non-albicans species such as C. krusei, C. glabrata, C. parapsilosis, C. tropicalis, C. guilliermondii cause severe infections. The main antifungal agents belong to three different classes, including azoles, polyenes, and echinocandins. However, resistance to all three categories of drugs has been reported. Therefore, there is an urgent need to search for other alternatives with antifungal activity. Many herbal extracts and compounds from natural sources show excellent antifungal activity. In this study, we used an oil extract from the fruits of Zanthoxylum armatum, which showed significant antifungal activity against various Candida spp. by two different methods-minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and agar diffusion. In addition, we attempted to explore the possible mechanism of action in C. albicans. It was found that the antifungal activity of Z. armatum oil is fungicidal and involves a decrease in the level of ergosterol in the cell membrane. The decrease in ergosterol level resulted in increased passive diffusion of a fluorescent molecule, rhodamine6G, across the plasma membrane, indicating increased membrane fluidity. The oil-treated cells showed decreased germ tube formation, an important indicator of C. albicans' virulence. The fungal cells also exhibited decreased attachment to the buccal epithelium, the first step toward invasion, biofilm formation, and damage to oral epithelial cells. Interestingly, unlike most antifungal agents, in which the generation of reactive oxygen species is responsible for killing, no significant effect was observed in the present study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritu Pasrija
- Department of Biochemistry, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India.
| | - Deepika Kumari
- Department of Biochemistry, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Swati Wadhwan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Kharvel Subharti College of Pharmacy, Swami Vivekanand Subharti University, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | - Vineet Mittal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
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Shi L, Lin W, Cai Y, Chen F, Zhang Q, Liang D, Xiu Y, Lin S, He B. Oxidative Stress-Mediated Repression of Virulence Gene Transcription and Biofilm Formation as Antibacterial Action of Cinnamomum burmannii Essential Oil on Staphylococcus aureus. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3078. [PMID: 38474323 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25053078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
This work aimed to identify the chemical compounds of Cinnamomum burmannii leaf essential oil (CBLEO) and to unravel the antibacterial mechanism of CBLEO at the molecular level for developing antimicrobials. CBLEO had 37 volatile compounds with abundant borneol (28.40%) and showed good potential to control foodborne pathogens, of which Staphylococcus aureus had the greatest inhibition zone diameter (28.72 mm) with the lowest values of minimum inhibitory concentration (1.0 μg/mL) and bactericidal concentration (2.0 μg/mL). To unravel the antibacterial action of CBLEO on S. aureus, a dynamic exploration of antibacterial growth, material leakage, ROS formation, protein oxidation, cell morphology, and interaction with genome DNA was conducted on S. aureus exposed to CBLEO at different doses (1/2-2×MIC) and times (0-24 h), indicating that CBLEO acts as an inducer for ROS production and the oxidative stress of S. aureus. To highlight the antibacterial action of CBLEO on S. aureus at the molecular level, we performed a comparative association of ROS accumulation with some key virulence-related gene (sigB/agrA/sarA/icaA/cidA/rsbU) transcription, protease production, and biofilm formation in S. aureus subjected to CBLEO at different levels and times, revealing that CBLEO-induced oxidative stress caused transcript suppression of virulence regulators (RsbU and SigB) and its targeted genes, causing a protease level increase destined for the biofilm formation and growth inhibition of S. aureus, which may be a key bactericidal action. Our findings provide valuable information for studying the antibacterial mechanism of essential oil against pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Shi
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Wei Lin
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yanling Cai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture, Protection and Utilization, Guangdong Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou 510520, China
| | - Feng Chen
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture, Protection and Utilization, Guangdong Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou 510520, China
| | - Dongcheng Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture, Protection and Utilization, Guangdong Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou 510520, China
| | - Yu Xiu
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Shanzhi Lin
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Boxiang He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture, Protection and Utilization, Guangdong Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou 510520, China
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Xiao Y, Zhang S, Liu Z, Wang T, Cai S, Chu C, Hu X, Yi J. Effect of inoculating Pichia spp. starters on flavor formation of fermented chili pepper: Metabolomics and genomics approaches. Food Res Int 2023; 173:113397. [PMID: 37803735 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
The influence of Pichia spp. on flavor formation and metabolic pathways during chili pepper fermentation was investigated in this study. Multiple omics approaches were employed, including metabolomics analysis to identify volatile and non-volatile flavor compounds, and genomic analysis to gain insights into the underlying molecular mechanism driving flavor formation of chili peppers inoculated with Pichia spp. The results showed that inoculation with Pichia spp. accelerated fermentation process of chili peppers compared to spontaneous fermentation. Metabolomics analysis showed P. fermentans promoted characteristic terpenes [e.g., (Z)-β-ocimene and linalool], L-glutamate, gamma-aminobutyric acid, and succinate production, while P. manshurica produced more alcohols (e.g., isoamyl alcohol and phenylethyl alcohol) and phenols (e.g., 4-ethylguaiacol and 2-methoxy-4-methylphenol). Genomics analysis revealed that a substantial portion of the genes in Pichia spp. were associated with amino acid and carbohydrate metabolism. Specifically, the pathways involved in amino acid metabolism and the release of glycoside-bound aromatic compounds were identified as the primary drivers behind the unique flavor of fermented chili peppers, facilitated by Pichia spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Xiao
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; Yunnan Engineering Research Center for Fruit & Vegetable Products, Kunming 650500, China; International Green Food Processing Research and Development Center of Kunming City, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Shiyao Zhang
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; Yunnan Engineering Research Center for Fruit & Vegetable Products, Kunming 650500, China; International Green Food Processing Research and Development Center of Kunming City, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Zhijia Liu
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; Yunnan Engineering Research Center for Fruit & Vegetable Products, Kunming 650500, China; International Green Food Processing Research and Development Center of Kunming City, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Tao Wang
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; Yunnan Engineering Research Center for Fruit & Vegetable Products, Kunming 650500, China; International Green Food Processing Research and Development Center of Kunming City, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Shengbao Cai
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; Yunnan Engineering Research Center for Fruit & Vegetable Products, Kunming 650500, China; International Green Food Processing Research and Development Center of Kunming City, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Chuanqi Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Xiaosong Hu
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Junjie Yi
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; Yunnan Engineering Research Center for Fruit & Vegetable Products, Kunming 650500, China; International Green Food Processing Research and Development Center of Kunming City, Kunming 650500, China.
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Shen G, Yang L, Lv X, Zhang Y, Hou X, Li M, Zhou M, Pan L, Chen A, Zhang Z. Antibiofilm Activity and Mechanism of Linalool against Food Spoilage Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10980. [PMID: 37446158 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Pellicle biofilm-forming bacteria Bacillus amyloliquefaciens are the major spoilage microorganisms of soy products. Due to their inherent resistance to antibiotics and disinfectants, pellicle biofilms formed are difficult to eliminate and represent a threat to food safety. Here, we assessed linalool's ability to prevent the pellicle of two spoilage B. amyloliquefaciens strains. The minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration (MBIC) of linalool against B. amyloliquefaciens DY1a and DY1b was 4 μL/mL and 8 μL/mL, respectively. The MBIC of linalool had a considerable eradication rate of 77.15% and 83.21% on the biofilm of the two strains, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy observations revealed that less wrinkly and thinner pellicle biofilms formed on a medium supplemented with 1/2 MBIC and 1/4 MBIC linalool. Also, linalool inhibited cell motility and the production of extracellular polysaccharides and proteins of the biofilm matrix. Furthermore, linalool exposure reduced the cell surface hydrophobicity, zeta potential, and cell auto-aggregation of B. amyloliquefaciens. Molecular docking analysis demonstrated that linalool interacted strongly with quorum-sensing ComP receptor and biofilm matrix assembly TasA through intermolecular hydrogen bonds, hydrophobic contacts, and van der Waals forces interacting with site residues. Overall, our findings suggest that linalool may be employed as a potential antibiofilm agent to control food spoilage B. amyloliquefaciens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghui Shen
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China
| | - Lu Yang
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China
| | - Xinyu Lv
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China
| | - Yingfan Zhang
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China
| | - Xiaoyan Hou
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China
| | - Meiliang Li
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China
| | - Man Zhou
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China
| | - Le Pan
- Chemical Engineering College, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
| | - Anjun Chen
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China
| | - Zhiqing Zhang
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China
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Abdulkareem ZA, Mohammed NI, Abdollahi A, Ahmed OR, Ghaffar OR, Khdir HA, Salam DA, Aziz SA, Mustafa MM, Mustafa WM, Abas ZA, Abid OI. Effects of garlic, onion, and apple cider vinegar as a herbal mixture on performance and blood traits of broilers inoculated with chicken infectious anemia virus. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17768. [PMID: 37449102 PMCID: PMC10336684 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
This study assessed the effects of a herbal mixture (HM) to protect poultry against chicken infectious anemia (CIA) and to modulate the adverse effects of this virus on performance, mortality, blood profile, white blood cells (WBCs) count, liver enzymes, liver histopathology, and intestinal morphology. Therefore, 240 one-day-old male broiler chicks (Ross 308) were divided into four experimental groups, with six replicates and ten chicks per group. The experimental groups consisted of a control group and groups with 2.5%, 5%, and 7.5% HM, all based on corn-soybean meal. All chicks were inoculated with the CIA virus (CIAV) on day 7. The results showed that supplementation of 2.5% of HM to broiler diet increased feed intake (FI) (P < 0.05) and also increased body weight (BW) and weight gain (WG) slightly (P > 0.05). Adding 7.5% HM caused a reversible decrease in FI, BW, and WG and increased FCR. Compared with the control group, mortality rates declined with an additional dose of HM in CIAV-infected chickens. HM supplementation in the diet of CIAV-infected chickens increased hematocrit (HCT), hemoglobin (Hb), and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and decreased mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) compared to the control (P < 0.05). Lymphocyte percentage and lymphocyte/heterophile ratio increased in HM-supplemented groups, especially at 2.5% (P < 0.05), and heterophile and granulocyte percentages were reduced (P < 0.05). Liver enzyme alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and liver steatosis declined in the 2.5% HM-treated group compared to the control (P < 0.05). It was concluded that adding 2.5% of the HM to the CIAV-infected broiler's diet did not negatively affect chicken performance. In addition to its hypolipidemic effects, it could prevent HCT and Hb from decreasing in chicks infected with CIAV and positively affect leukocyte types and liver enzymes. Interestingly, an additional dose of HM in the diet of the CIAV-infected broilers reduced mortality. Therefore, adding 2.5% of HM could prevent the adverse effects of CIA on hematological traits in broiler chicken flocks without adverse effects on performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zana Azeez Abdulkareem
- Department of Animal Resources, Collage of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Raparin, Ranya, Sulaymaniyah, 46012, Iraq
| | - Nihayat Ibrahim Mohammed
- Department of Animal Resources, Collage of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Raparin, Ranya, Sulaymaniyah, 46012, Iraq
| | - Asrin Abdollahi
- Department of Animal Science, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, 66177-15175, Iran
| | - Omer Rasool Ahmed
- Department of Animal Resources, Collage of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Raparin, Ranya, Sulaymaniyah, 46012, Iraq
| | - Osama Rahman Ghaffar
- Department of Animal Resources, Collage of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Raparin, Ranya, Sulaymaniyah, 46012, Iraq
| | - Hawkar Azad Khdir
- Department of Animal Resources, Collage of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Raparin, Ranya, Sulaymaniyah, 46012, Iraq
| | - Dashty Akram Salam
- Department of Animal Resources, Collage of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Raparin, Ranya, Sulaymaniyah, 46012, Iraq
| | - Sarhang Ahmad Aziz
- Department of Animal Resources, Collage of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Raparin, Ranya, Sulaymaniyah, 46012, Iraq
| | - Mustafa Mama Mustafa
- Department of Animal Resources, Collage of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Raparin, Ranya, Sulaymaniyah, 46012, Iraq
| | - Warzer Mohammed Mustafa
- Department of Animal Resources, Collage of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Raparin, Ranya, Sulaymaniyah, 46012, Iraq
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10
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Enhancement of bioactives, functional and nutraceutical attributes of banana peels and de-oiled groundnut cake through submerged fermentation employing Calocybe indica. FOOD BIOSCI 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2023.102530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
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11
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Odoom JF, Aboagye CI, Acheampong P, Asiamah I, Darko G, Borquaye LS. Chemical Composition, Antioxidant, and Antimicrobial Activities of the Leaf and Fruit Essential Oils of the West African Plum, Vitex doniana. J CHEM-NY 2023. [DOI: 10.1155/2023/9959296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitex doniana (West African plum or black plum) is a plant with varying phytoconstituents and biological activities across different countries. In this study, essential oils extracted from the leaves and fruits of Vitex doniana cultivated in Ghana were investigated for their antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. The antioxidant actions of the essential oils were determined using hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), phosphomolybdenum, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assays. For both essential oils, the total antioxidant capacities ranged from 44 to 68 µg/g AAE, the IC50 values for H2O2 scavenging activity were between 87 and 242 µg/mL, whereas that for DPPH assay were between 322 and 599 µg/mL. The IC50 for the TBARS assay for both essential oils also ranged from 247 to 414 µg/mL. The antimicrobial activities of the essential oils were investigated using the broth dilution assay. The minimum inhibition concentration for the essential oils ranged from 12.5 to 50 mg/mL. Biofilm inhibitory activity was also evaluated for both essential oils, and the fruit essential oil showed a half-maximal inhibition of biofilm formation (BIC50) at 44.40 ± 0.6 mg/mL, whereas the BIC50 value of the leaf essential oil was 109.1 ± 0.9 mg/mL. The fruit essential oil was superior to the leaf essential oil in inhibiting the secretion of pyoverdine. Molecular docking analyses suggested that methyl cinnamate, ethyl cinnamate, p-menth-4-en-3-one, trans-α-ionone, benzyl benzoate, isobutyl cinnamate, and folic acid likely interacted with LasR and algC proteins, and hence, contributed to the inhibition of biofilm formation and pyoverdine secretion. Essential oils from Vitex doniana could, therefore, be exploited as a natural source of radical scavenging and antimicrobial agents and could be useful in the pharmaceutical, food, and cosmetic industries.
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12
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Juxtaposing Caenorhabditis elegans-Pathogenic Mould Model with Other Models; How Reliable Is This Nematode Model? A Mini Review. Curr Microbiol 2023; 80:105. [PMID: 36790616 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-023-03209-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
The application of Caenorhabditis elegans as a pathogenic model has spanned decades. Its use for pathogenic mould modeling has been attracting some attention lately, though not without some reservations. Several studies have shown C. elegans to be a reliable model for evaluating moulds' virulence factors and patterns as well as for screening the pathogenicity of mutant strains alongside their parental/wild type and revertant/complementary strains. There is a very high degree of reported similarities between the virulence patterns demonstrated in C. elegans and those of other invertebrate and vertebrate models. We have here presented several works in which this nematode model was adopted for virulence evaluation, and other comparative research in which virulence in C. elegans model were juxtaposed with other models. We have further presented possible reasons why there might have been variations of virulence in a few cases, thereby validating C. elegans to be an effective and reliable tool in the study of pathogenic moulds.
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13
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de Oliveira GD, da Rocha WRV, Rodrigues JFB, Alves HDS. Synergistic and Antibiofilm Effects of the Essential Oil from Croton conduplicatus (Euphorbiaceae) against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 16:ph16010055. [PMID: 36678551 PMCID: PMC9867205 DOI: 10.3390/ph16010055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial resistance refers to the ability of bacteria to resist the action of some antibiotics due to the development of adaptation and resistance mechanisms. It is a serious public health problem, especially for diseases caused by opportunistic bacteria. In this context, the search for new drugs, used alone or in combination, appears as an alternative for the treatment of microbial infections, and natural products, such as essential oils, are important in this process due to their structural diversity, which increases the probability for antimicrobial action. The objective of this study was to extract and identify the chemical components of the essential oil from Croton conduplicatus (EOCC), to evaluate the antimicrobial activity, to investigate the effect of the interaction between the EOCC and different antibiotics and to evaluate its antibiofilm potential. The EOCC was obtained by hydrodistillation. Based on chemical characterisation, 70 compounds were identified, with 1.8 cineole (13.15%), p-cymene (10.68%), caryophyllene (9.73%) and spathulenol (6.36%) being the major constituents. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of EOCC were 256 and 512 µg mL-1 for methicillin-sensitive and -resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains (MSSA and MRSA), respectively. The combinations of EOCC with the antibiotics oxacillin and ampicillin were synergistic (OXA/EOCC and AMP/EOCC combined decreased the OXA MIC and AMP MIC to 0.5 and 0.25 for MSSA, respectively, and OXA/EOCC and AMP/EOCC combined decreased the OXA MIC and the AMP MIC to 1 and 0.5 for MRSA, respectively) and could modify the resistance profile of MSSA and MRSA strains. The results indicated that EOCC was also able to partially inhibit biofilm formation. Our study presents important information about the chemical composition of EOCC and its antimicrobial potential and provides a reference to determine the mechanisms of action of EOCC and its use in pharmaceutical formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genil Dantas de Oliveira
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceuticals Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, State University of Paraiba, Campina Grande 58429-500, Brazil
| | - Wilma Raianny Vieira da Rocha
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceuticals Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, State University of Paraiba, Campina Grande 58429-500, Brazil
| | - José Filipe Bacalhau Rodrigues
- Postgraduate Program in Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Materials Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande, Campina Grande 58429-900, Brazil
| | - Harley da Silva Alves
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceuticals Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, State University of Paraiba, Campina Grande 58429-500, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-83-98790-9234
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14
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Manoharan RK, Raorane CJ, Ishaque F, Ahn YH. Antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation of wastewater microorganisms by halogenated indole derivative capped zinc oxide. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 214:113905. [PMID: 35948149 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Novel 5-bromoindole (5B)-capped zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (5BZN) were synthesized to improve the antibacterial, antibiofilm, and disinfection processes for the control of microorganisms in wastewater treatment. When exposed to 5BZN, the biofilm density and cell attachment were reduced dramatically, as measured by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The 5BZN were also investigated for photodynamic treatment of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria and toxicity. The combination of 5B and ZnO exhibited strong antibacterial and antibiofilm activities against MDR bacteria even at low doses (20 μg/mL). After 12.5 mW/cm2 blue LED irradiation, the composite 5BZN showed superior photodynamic inactivation of two wastewater MDR, Enterobacter tabaci E2 and Klebsiella quasipneumoniae SC3, with cell densities reduced by 3.9 log CFU/mL and 4.7 log CFU/mL, respectively, after 120 min. The mechanism of bacterial inactivation was studied using a scavenging investigation, and H2O2 was identified mainly as the reactive species for bacterial inactivation. The 5BZN exhibited higher photodynamic inactivation towards the total coliform bacteria in wastewater effluents under a blue LED light intensity of 12.5 mW/cm2 with almost complete inactivation of the coliform bacteria cells within 40 min. Furthermore, when 5BZN (100 mg/L) was added to the reactor, the level of tetracycline antibiotic degradation was increased by 63.6% after 120 min. The toxicity test, animal model nematode studies and seed germination assays, showed that 5BZN is harmless, highlighting its tremendous potential as a self-healing agent in large-scale photodynamic disinfection processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Fahmida Ishaque
- Department of Civil Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Ho Ahn
- Department of Civil Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea.
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15
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Bruna F, Fernández K, Urrejola F, Touma J, Navarro M, Sepúlveda B, Larrazabal-Fuentes M, Paredes A, Neira I, Ferrando M, Osorio M, Yáñez O, Bravo J. Chemical composition, antioxidant, antimicrobial and antiproliferative activity of Laureliopsis philippiana essential oil of Chile, study in vitro and in silico. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.104271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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16
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Terpenes Combinations Inhibit Biofilm Formation in Staphyloccocus aureus by Interfering with Initial Adhesion. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10081527. [PMID: 36013945 PMCID: PMC9415918 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10081527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The biofilm is a conglomerate of cells surrounded by an extracellular matrix, which contributes to the persistence of infections. The difficulty in removing the biofilm drives the research for new therapeutic options. In this work, the effect of terpenes (−)-trans-Caryophyllene, (S)-cis-Verbenol, (S)-(−)-Limonene, (R)-(+)-Limonene, and Linalool was evaluated, individually and in combinations on bacterial growth, by assay with resazurin; the formation of biofilm, by assay with violet crystal; and the expression of associated genes, by real-time PCR, in two clinical isolates of Staphyloccocus aureus, ST30-t019 and ST5-t311, responsible for more than 90% of pediatric infections by this pathogen in Paraguay. All combinations of terpenes can inhibit biofilm formation in more than 50% without affecting bacterial growth. The most effective combination was (−)-trans-Caryophyllene and Linalool at a 500 μg/mL concentration for each, with an inhibition percentage of 88%. This combination decreased the expression levels of the sdrD, spa, agr, and hld genes associated with the initial cell adhesion stage and quorum sensing. At the same time, it increased the expression levels of the cap5B and cap5C genes related to the production of capsular polysaccharides. The combinations of compounds tested are promising alternatives to inhibit biofilm formation in S. aureus.
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17
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Shariati A, Didehdar M, Razavi S, Heidary M, Soroush F, Chegini Z. Natural Compounds: A Hopeful Promise as an Antibiofilm Agent Against Candida Species. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:917787. [PMID: 35899117 PMCID: PMC9309813 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.917787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The biofilm communities of Candida are resistant to various antifungal treatments. The ability of Candida to form biofilms on abiotic and biotic surfaces is considered one of the most important virulence factors of these fungi. Extracellular DNA and exopolysaccharides can lower the antifungal penetration to the deeper layers of the biofilms, which is a serious concern supported by the emergence of azole-resistant isolates and Candida strains with decreased antifungal susceptibility. Since the biofilms’ resistance to common antifungal drugs has become more widespread in recent years, more investigations should be performed to develop novel, inexpensive, non-toxic, and effective treatment approaches for controlling biofilm-associated infections. Scientists have used various natural compounds for inhibiting and degrading Candida biofilms. Curcumin, cinnamaldehyde, eugenol, carvacrol, thymol, terpinen-4-ol, linalool, geraniol, cineole, saponin, camphor, borneol, camphene, carnosol, citronellol, coumarin, epigallocatechin gallate, eucalyptol, limonene, menthol, piperine, saponin, α-terpineol, β–pinene, and citral are the major natural compounds that have been used widely for the inhibition and destruction of Candida biofilms. These compounds suppress not only fungal adhesion and biofilm formation but also destroy mature biofilm communities of Candida. Additionally, these natural compounds interact with various cellular processes of Candida, such as ABC-transported mediated drug transport, cell cycle progression, mitochondrial activity, and ergosterol, chitin, and glucan biosynthesis. The use of various drug delivery platforms can enhance the antibiofilm efficacy of natural compounds. Therefore, these drug delivery platforms should be considered as potential candidates for coating catheters and other medical material surfaces. A future goal will be to develop natural compounds as antibiofilm agents that can be used to treat infections by multi-drug-resistant Candida biofilms. Since exact interactions of natural compounds and biofilm structures have not been elucidated, further in vitro toxicology and animal experiments are required. In this article, we have discussed various aspects of natural compound usage for inhibition and destruction of Candida biofilms, along with the methods and procedures that have been used for improving the efficacy of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aref Shariati
- Molecular and Medicine Research Center, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Khomein, Iran
- *Correspondence: Aref Shariati, ; Zahra Chegini,
| | - Mojtaba Didehdar
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Shabnam Razavi
- Microbial Biotechnology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Heidary
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedical Sciences, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Soroush
- Molecular and Medicine Research Center, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Khomein, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Khomein, Iran
| | - Zahra Chegini
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- *Correspondence: Aref Shariati, ; Zahra Chegini,
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18
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Gharari Z, Hanachi P, Walker TR. Green synthesized Ag-nanoparticles using Scutellaria multicaulis stem extract and their selective cytotoxicity against breast cancer. Anal Biochem 2022; 653:114786. [PMID: 35714944 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2022.114786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Scutellaria multicaulis is a medicinal herb which has been extensively prescribed in Iranian traditional medicine for treatment of infections, constipation, wounds, and also as medication for anxiety. To evaluate biological activities of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles, silver nanoparticles (Sm-AgNPs) were synthesized using S. multicaulis extract as capping and reducing agent. Characterization studies using UV-vis, XRD, DLS, Zeta potential, FESEM, EDX, TEM, FTIR, RAMAN and TGA assays indicated that Sm-AgNPs had optimal shape, size (∼60 nm) and stability (-46.4 mV) to be used as a drug. Findings also demonstrated that Sm-AgNPs display higher Total Phenolics and Total Flavonoids Content and possesses higher antioxidant activity. HPLC-MSn analysis of constituents in the S. multicaulis stem extract and Sm-AgNPs-free supernatant in negative ion mode showed that flavonoids, mainly jaceidin, skullcapflavon II, wogonin, oroxylin A and dihydroxy, trimethoxyflavone from extract have contributed to the synthesis of Sm-AgNPs. Additionally, Sm-AgNPs demonstrated effective anticarcinogenic properties on MDA-MB231 cells proliferation with IC50 value of 81.2 μg/mL at 48 h by inducing cell apoptosis. Overall, results confirmed the potential role of S. multicaulis stem extract as a potential raw material for synthesis of biologically active Sm-AgNPs, for development of new antitumor agents which could be utilized to combat breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Gharari
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parichehr Hanachi
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Tony R Walker
- School for Resource and Environmental Studies, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2, Canada
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19
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Identification of Secondary Metabolites from Mexican Plants with Antifungal Activity against Pathogenic Candida Species. J CHEM-NY 2022. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/8631284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last three decades, invasive fungal infections caused by Candida species have become an important public health problem, because they are associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised and hospitalized patients. The diagnosis and treatment of candidiasis are difficult and usually inefficient. Accordingly, a diversity of available drugs, currently employed to attack candidiasis, frequently induce resistance in patients promoting toxicity due to long-term treatments. Therefore, development of accurate diagnoses and novel antifungals is of high priority to improve life’s quality and expectancy of individuals infected with this pathogen. Plants are invaluable sources of new biologically active compounds. Among the plants used in Mexico in traditional herbolary medicine which have empirically been demonstrated to have antifungal activity are Pedilanthus tithymaloides, Thymus vulgaris, and Ocimum basilicum. In the present study, we analyzed whether these plants contain metabolites with antifungal activity against five Candida species. The extracts from the different plant organs were obtained by macerating them in ethyl alcohol or hexane and filtering. The obtained extracts were preserved in amber flasks at 4°C until used. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the active compound were determined by a microdilution assay. In addition, the following secondary metabolites were identified: linalool (3,7-dimethylocta-1,6-dien-3-ol), eugenol (4-allyl-2-methoxyphenol), limonene (1-methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl)-cyclohexene), and borneol ([(2R)-1,7,7-trimethyl-2-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptanyl] formate). All these compounds were found in the three plants, traditionally used in everyday life, and proved to be effective against Candida species and therefore a viable alternative to conventional antifungals.
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20
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Kalimuthu S, Alshanta OA, Krishnamoorthy AL, Pudipeddi A, Solomon AP, McLean W, Leung YY, Ramage G, Neelakantan P. Small molecule based anti-virulence approaches against Candida albicans infections. Crit Rev Microbiol 2022; 48:743-769. [PMID: 35232325 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2021.2025337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Fungi are considered "silent killers" due to the difficulty of, and delays in diagnosis of infections and lack of effective antifungals. This challenge is compounded by the fact that being eukaryotes, fungi share several similarities with human cellular targets, creating obstacles to drug discovery. Candida albicans, a ubiquitous microbe in the human body is well-known for its role as an opportunistic pathogen in immunosuppressed people. Significantly, C. albicans is resistant to all the three classes of antifungals that are currently clinically available. Over the past few years, a paradigm shift has been recommended in the management of C. albicans infections, wherein anti-virulence strategies are considered an alternative to the discovery of new antimycotics. Small molecules, with a molecular weight <900 Daltons, can easily permeate the cell membrane and modulate the signal transduction pathways to elicit desired virulence inhibitory actions against pathogens. This review dissects in-depth, the discoveries that have been made with small-molecule anti-virulence approaches to tackle C. albicans infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Om Alkhir Alshanta
- Glasgow Endodontology Group, Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Glasgow, UK
| | - Akshaya Lakshmi Krishnamoorthy
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Quorum Sensing Laboratory, Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID), School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to be University, Thanjavur, India
| | - Akhila Pudipeddi
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Adline Princy Solomon
- Quorum Sensing Laboratory, Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID), School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to be University, Thanjavur, India
| | - William McLean
- Glasgow Endodontology Group, Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Glasgow, UK
| | - Yiu Yan Leung
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Gordon Ramage
- Glasgow Endodontology Group, Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Glasgow, UK
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21
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Zhao T, Zhang K, Shi G, Ma K, Wang B, Shao J, Wang T, Wang C. Berberine Inhibits the Adhesion of Candida albicans to Vaginal Epithelial Cells. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:814883. [PMID: 35295335 PMCID: PMC8918845 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.814883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is an inflammatory disease of the vagina mainly caused by Candida albicans (C. albicans), which affects around three-quarters of all women during their reproductive age. Although some antifungal drugs such as azoles have been applied clinically for many years, their therapeutic value is very limited due to the emergence of drug-resistant strains. Previous studies have shown that the adhesion of C. albicans to vaginal epithelial cells is essential for the pathogenesis of VVC. Therefore, preventing the adhesion of C. albicans to vaginal epithelial cells may be one of the most effective strategies for the treatment of VVC. Berberine (BBR) is a biologically active herbal alkaloid that was used to treat VVC. However, so far, its mechanism has remained unclear. This study shows BBR significantly inhibits the adhesion of C. albicans to vaginal epithelial cells by reducing the expressions of ICAM-1, mucin1, and mucin4 in vaginal epithelial cells, which play the most important role in modulating the adhesion of C. albicans to host cells, and balancing IL-2 and IL-4 expressions, which play a key effect on regulating the inflammatory response caused by C. albicans infection. Hence, our findings demonstrate that BBR may be a potential therapeutic agent for VVC by interfering with the adhesion of C. albicans to vaginal epithelial cells and represents a new pathway for developing antifungal therapies agents from natural herbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhao
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine (College of Life Science), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, China
| | - Kang Zhang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine (College of Life Science), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, China
| | - Gaoxiang Shi
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine (College of Life Science), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, China
| | - Kelong Ma
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine (College of Life Science), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, China
| | - Benfan Wang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine (College of Life Science), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, China
| | - Jing Shao
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine (College of Life Science), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, China
| | - Tianming Wang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine (College of Life Science), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Tianming Wang, ; Changzhong Wang,
| | - Changzhong Wang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine (College of Life Science), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Tianming Wang, ; Changzhong Wang,
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22
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Kačániová M, Galovičová L, Valková V, Ďuranová H, Štefániková J, Čmiková N, Vukic M, Vukovic NL, Kowalczewski PŁ. Chemical Composition, Antioxidant, In Vitro and In Situ Antimicrobial, Antibiofilm, and Anti-Insect Activity of Cedar atlantica Essential Oil. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11030358. [PMID: 35161339 PMCID: PMC8839266 DOI: 10.3390/plants11030358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The present study was designed to evaluate commercial cedar essential oil (CEO), obtained by hydrodistillation from cedar wood, in relationship to its chemical composition and antioxidant, in vitro and in situ antimicrobial, antibiofilm, and anti-insect activity. For these purposes, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, DPPH radical-scavenging assay, agar and disc diffusion, and vapor phase methods were used. The results from the volatile profile determination showed that δ-cadinene (36.3%), (Z)-β-farnesene (13.8%), viridiflorol (7.3%), and himachala-2,4-diene (5.4%) were the major components of the EO chemical constitution. Based on the obtained results, a strong antioxidant effect (81.1%) of the CEO was found. CEO is characterized by diversified antimicrobial activity, and the zones of inhibition ranged from 7.33 to 21.36 mm in gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, and from 5.44 to 13.67 mm in yeasts and fungi. The lowest values of minimal inhibition concentration (MIC) were noted against gram-positive Micrococcus luteus (7.46 µL/mL) and against yeast Candida krusei (9.46 µL/mL). It seems that the vapor phase of CEO can inhibit the growth of the microscopic filamentous fungi of the genus Penicillium according to in situ antifungal analysis on bread, carrots, and celery. This finding confirms the impact of CEO on the change in the protein structure of older biofilms of Pseudomonas fluorescens and Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica. Insecticidal activity of a vapor phase has also been demonstrated against Pyrrhocoris apterus. CEO showed various advantages on antimicrobial activity, and it is an ideal substitute for food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslava Kačániová
- Institute of Horticulture, Faculty of Horticulture and Landscape Engineering, Slovak University of Agriculture, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 94976 Nitra, Slovakia; (L.G.); (V.V.); (N.Č.)
- Department of Bioenergy, Food Technology and Microbiology, Institute of Food Technology and Nutrition, University of Rzeszow, 4 Zelwerowicza St., 35-601 Rzeszow, Poland
- Correspondence: (M.K.); (P.Ł.K.)
| | - Lucia Galovičová
- Institute of Horticulture, Faculty of Horticulture and Landscape Engineering, Slovak University of Agriculture, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 94976 Nitra, Slovakia; (L.G.); (V.V.); (N.Č.)
| | - Veronika Valková
- Institute of Horticulture, Faculty of Horticulture and Landscape Engineering, Slovak University of Agriculture, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 94976 Nitra, Slovakia; (L.G.); (V.V.); (N.Č.)
| | - Hana Ďuranová
- AgroBioTech Research Centre, Slovak University of Agriculture, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 94976 Nitra, Slovakia; (H.Ď.); (J.Š.)
| | - Jana Štefániková
- AgroBioTech Research Centre, Slovak University of Agriculture, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 94976 Nitra, Slovakia; (H.Ď.); (J.Š.)
| | - Natália Čmiková
- Institute of Horticulture, Faculty of Horticulture and Landscape Engineering, Slovak University of Agriculture, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 94976 Nitra, Slovakia; (L.G.); (V.V.); (N.Č.)
| | - Milena Vukic
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (M.V.); (N.L.V.)
| | - Nenad L. Vukovic
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (M.V.); (N.L.V.)
| | - Przemysław Łukasz Kowalczewski
- Department of Food Technology of Plant Origin, Poznań University of Life Sciences, 31 Wojska Polskiego St., 60-624 Poznan, Poland
- Correspondence: (M.K.); (P.Ł.K.)
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Ahamefule CS, Ezeuduji BC, Ogbonna JC, Moneke AN, Ike AC, Jin C, Wang B, Fang W. Caenorhabditis elegans as an Infection Model for Pathogenic Mold and Dimorphic Fungi: Applications and Challenges. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:751947. [PMID: 34722339 PMCID: PMC8554291 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.751947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The threat burden from pathogenic fungi is universal and increasing with alarming high mortality and morbidity rates from invasive fungal infections. Understanding the virulence factors of these fungi, screening effective antifungal agents and exploring appropriate treatment approaches in in vivo modeling organisms are vital research projects for controlling mycoses. Caenorhabditis elegans has been proven to be a valuable tool in studies of most clinically relevant dimorphic fungi, helping to identify a number of virulence factors and immune-regulators and screen effective antifungal agents without cytotoxic effects. However, little has been achieved and reported with regard to pathogenic filamentous fungi (molds) in the nematode model. In this review, we have summarized the enormous breakthrough of applying a C. elegans infection model for dimorphic fungi studies and the very few reports for filamentous fungi. We have also identified and discussed the challenges in C. elegans-mold modeling applications as well as the possible approaches to conquer these challenges from our practical knowledge in C. elegans-Aspergillus fumigatus model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chukwuemeka Samson Ahamefule
- National Engineering Research Center for Non-Food Biorefinery, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, China.,College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China.,Department of Microbiology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | | | - James C Ogbonna
- Department of Microbiology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Anene N Moneke
- Department of Microbiology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Anthony C Ike
- Department of Microbiology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Cheng Jin
- National Engineering Research Center for Non-Food Biorefinery, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, China.,College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Bin Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Non-Food Biorefinery, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, China.,State Key Laboratory of Non-Food Biomass and Enzyme Technology, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Wenxia Fang
- National Engineering Research Center for Non-Food Biorefinery, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, China.,State Key Laboratory of Non-Food Biomass and Enzyme Technology, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, China
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24
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An Q, Ren JN, Li X, Fan G, Qu SS, Song Y, Li Y, Pan SY. Recent updates on bioactive properties of linalool. Food Funct 2021; 12:10370-10389. [PMID: 34611674 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo02120f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Natural products, including essential oils and their components, have been used for their bioactivities. Linalool (2,6-dimethyl-2,7-octadien-6-ol) is an aromatic monoterpene alcohol that is widely found in essential oils and is broadly used in perfumes, cosmetics, household cleaners and food additives. This review covers the sources, physicochemical properties, application, synthesis and bioactivities of linalool. The present study focuses on the bioactive properties of linalool, including anticancer, antimicrobial, neuroprotective, anxiolytic, antidepressant, anti-stress, hepatoprotective, renal protective, and lung protective activity and the underlying mechanisms. Besides this, the therapeutic potential of linalool and the prospect of encapsulating linalool are also discussed. Linalool can induce apoptosis of cancer cells via oxidative stress, and at the same time protects normal cells. Linalool exerts antimicrobial effects through disruption of cell membranes. The protective effects of linalool to the liver, kidney and lung are owing to its anti-inflammatory activity. On account of its protective effects and low toxicity, linalool can be used as an adjuvant of anticancer drugs or antibiotics. Therefore, linalool has a great potential to be applied as a natural and safe alternative therapeutic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi An
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology of Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Jing-Nan Ren
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology of Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Xiao Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology of Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Gang Fan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology of Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Sha-Sha Qu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology of Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Yue Song
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology of Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Yang Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology of Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Si-Yi Pan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology of Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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Fungal Biofilms as a Valuable Target for the Discovery of Natural Products That Cope with the Resistance of Medically Important Fungi-Latest Findings. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10091053. [PMID: 34572635 PMCID: PMC8471798 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10091053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of new antifungal agents that target biofilms is an urgent need. Natural products, mainly from the plant kingdom, represent an invaluable source of these entities. The present review provides an update (2017-May 2021) on the available information on essential oils, propolis, extracts from plants, algae, lichens and microorganisms, compounds from different natural sources and nanosystems containing natural products with the capacity to in vitro or in vivo modulate fungal biofilms. The search yielded 42 articles; seven involved essential oils, two Brazilian propolis, six plant extracts and one of each, extracts from lichens and algae/cyanobacteria. Twenty articles deal with the antibiofilm effect of pure natural compounds, with 10 of them including studies of the mechanism of action and five dealing with natural compounds included in nanosystems. Thirty-seven manuscripts evaluated Candida spp. biofilms and two tested Fusarium and Cryptococcus spp. Only one manuscript involved Aspergillus fumigatus. From the data presented here, it is clear that the search of natural products with activity against fungal biofilms has been a highly active area of research in recent years. However, it also reveals the necessity of deepening the studies by (i) evaluating the effect of natural products on biofilms formed by the newly emerged and worrisome health-care associated fungi, C. auris, as well as on other non-albicans Candida spp., Cryptococcus sp. and filamentous fungi; (ii) elucidating the mechanisms of action of the most active natural products; (iii) increasing the in vivo testing.
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Jain S, Arora P, Nainwal LM. Essential oils as Potential Source of Anti-dandruff Agents: A Review. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2021; 25:1411-1426. [PMID: 34254910 DOI: 10.2174/1386207324666210712094148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dandruff is a frequently occurring scalp problem that causes significant discomfort to approximately 50% population at some stage of life, especially post-puberty and pre-adult age. OBJECTIVE This review aims to summarize the recent findings regarding the anti-fungal properties of herbal essential oils against pathogens involved in dandruff prognosis. METHODS A literature search of studies published between 2000 and 2020 was conducted over databases: PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Science direct. Literature was explored using the guidelines given in Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). RESULTS Dandruff, characterized by clinical symptoms of dryness, pruritis, scaly, and flaky scalp, is considered a pri-mary manifestation of seborrheic dermatitis. Amongst various etiological and pathophysiological factors, a significant role of yeasts, primarily species of Malassezia, Candida, has been strongly correlated with dandruff. At the same time, incidences of M. furfur, M. restricta, and M. globosa are high compared to others. Due to relapse of symptoms with the withdrawal of conventional anti-dandruff products. Essential oils of herbal origin, such as tea tree oil, lime oil, rose-mary oil, have gained global importance in dermatology. These oils are rich in secondary aromatic metabolites, espe-cially terpenes and phenolic components that impart substantial antimicrobial properties and resisting biofilm production. CONCLUSION Based on the available information, we can conclude that essential oils have tremendous potential to be developed as anti-dandruff products; however, further studies are warranted to establish their efficacy in dandruff cures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shagun Jain
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sci-ences and Research University, New Delhi, India
| | - Poonam Arora
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sci-ences and Research University, New Delhi, India
| | - Lalit Mohan Nainwal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, HIMT College of Pharmacy, Harlal Institute of Management and Technol-ogy, Greater Noida, U.P, India
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27
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Khan F, Bamunuarachchi NI, Tabassum N, Jo DM, Khan MM, Kim YM. Suppression of hyphal formation and virulence of Candida albicans by natural and synthetic compounds. BIOFOULING 2021; 37:626-655. [PMID: 34284656 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2021.1948538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Candida albicans undergoes a morphological yeast-to-hyphal transition during infection, which plays a significant role in its pathogenesis. The filamentous morphology of the hyphal form has been identified as a virulence factor as it facilitates surface adherence, intertwining with biofilm, invasion, and damage to host tissues and organs. Hence, inhibition of filamentation in addition to biofilm formation is considered a viable strategy against C. albicans infections. Furthermore, a good understanding of the signaling pathways involved in response to environmental cues driving hyphal growth is also critical to an understanding of C. albicans pathogenicity and to develop novel therapies. In this review, first the clinical significance and transcriptional control of C. albicans hyphal morphogenesis are addressed. Then, various strategies employed to suppress filamentation, prevent biofilm formation, and reduce virulence are discussed. These strategies include the inhibition of C. albicans filament formation using natural or synthetic compounds, and their combination with other agents or nanoformulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fazlurrahman Khan
- Research Center for Marine Integrated Bionics Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Nilushi Indika Bamunuarachchi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan, South Korea
- Department of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Ocean University of Sri Lanka, Tangalle, Sri Lanka
| | - Nazia Tabassum
- Industrial Convergence Bionix Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Du-Min Jo
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Mohammad Mansoob Khan
- Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science, University Brunei Darussalam, Gadong, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Young-Mog Kim
- Research Center for Marine Integrated Bionics Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan, South Korea
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan, South Korea
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28
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Xiong X, Zhang L, Li X, Zeng Q, Deng R, Ren X, Kong Q. Antifungal mechanisms of lavender essential oil in the inhibition of rot disease caused by Monilinia fructicola in postharvest flat peaches. Can J Microbiol 2021; 67:724-736. [PMID: 34153193 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2020-0484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
As a natural antimicrobial agent, lavender essential oil (LEO) is generally recognized to be safe and effective in the inhibition of phytopathogenic fungi. Direct contact and fumigation (in vivo and in vitro) were used to study the fungistatic effect of LEO on Monilinia fructicola. Additionally, the effect on the ultrastructure of cells and degree of destruction of the cell membrane of M. fructicola were revealed. In addition, the effects of LEO on the expression levels of particular apoptosis-related genes in M. fructicola cells were detected and GC-MS was used to analyse the main components of LEO. LEO had a good inhibitory efficacy against M. fructicola in flat peaches, with almost complete growth inhibition with 800 μL / L. These effects were associated with leakage of cytoplasm contents, hyphal distortion and spore disruption. Moreover, the expression of apoptosis RTG1 and RLM1 genes increased on LEO treatment. These results demonstrate that LEO can inhibit M. fructicola by inducing cytoplasmic membrane damage and cell apoptosis of fungi and that the major ingredients of LEO are monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes which are presumed to contribute to the inhibitory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Xiong
- Shaanxi Normal University, 12401, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China;
| | - Lingling Zhang
- Shaanxi Normal University, 12401, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China;
| | - Xingyan Li
- Shaanxi Normal University, 12401, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China;
| | - Qingzhi Zeng
- Shaanxi Normal University, 12401, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China;
| | - Rongrong Deng
- Shaanxi Normal University, 12401, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China;
| | - Xueyan Ren
- Shaanxi Normal University, 12401, Xi'an, China, 710062;
| | - Qingjun Kong
- Shaanxi Normal University, 12401, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China;
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29
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Karpiński TM, Ożarowski M, Seremak-Mrozikiewicz A, Wolski H, Adamczak A. Plant Preparations and Compounds with Activities against Biofilms Formed by Candida spp. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7050360. [PMID: 34063007 PMCID: PMC8147947 DOI: 10.3390/jof7050360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungi from the genus Candida are very important human and animal pathogens. Many strains can produce biofilms, which inhibit the activity of antifungal drugs and increase the tolerance or resistance to them as well. Clinically, this process leads to persistent infections and increased mortality. Today, many Candida species are resistant to drugs, including C. auris, which is a multiresistant pathogen. Natural compounds may potentially be used to combat multiresistant and biofilm-forming strains. The aim of this review was to present plant-derived preparations and compounds that inhibit Candida biofilm formation by at least 50%. A total of 29 essential oils and 16 plant extracts demonstrate activity against Candida biofilms, with the following families predominating: Lamiaceae, Myrtaceae, Asteraceae, Fabaceae, and Apiacae. Lavandula dentata (0.045–0.07 mg/L), Satureja macrosiphon (0.06–8 mg/L), and Ziziphora tenuior (2.5 mg/L) have the best antifungal activity. High efficacy has also been observed with Artemisia judaica, Lawsonia inermis, and Thymus vulgaris. Moreover, 69 plant compounds demonstrate activity against Candida biofilms. Activity in concentrations below 16 mg/L was observed with phenolic compounds (thymol, pterostilbene, and eugenol), sesquiterpene derivatives (warburganal, polygodial, and ivalin), chalconoid (lichochalcone A), steroidal saponin (dioscin), flavonoid (baicalein), alkaloids (waltheriones), macrocyclic bisbibenzyl (riccardin D), and cannabinoid (cannabidiol). The above compounds act on biofilm formation and/or mature biofilms. In summary, plant preparations and compounds exhibit anti-biofilm activity against Candida. Given this, they may be a promising alternative to antifungal drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz M. Karpiński
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Wieniawskiego 3, 61-712 Poznań, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-61-854-61-38
| | - Marcin Ożarowski
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Natural Fibres and Medicinal Plants, National Research Institute, Wojska Polskiego 71b, 60-630 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Agnieszka Seremak-Mrozikiewicz
- Division of Perinatology and Women’s Diseases, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Polna 33, 60-535 Poznań, Poland; (A.S.-M.); (H.W.)
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Division of Perinatology and Women’s Diseases, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Polna 33, 60-535 Poznań, Poland
- Department of Pharmacology and Phytochemistry, Institute of Natural Fibres and Medicinal Plants, National Research Institute, Kolejowa 2, 62-064 Plewiska, Poland
| | - Hubert Wolski
- Division of Perinatology and Women’s Diseases, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Polna 33, 60-535 Poznań, Poland; (A.S.-M.); (H.W.)
- Division of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Podhale Multidisciplinary Hospital, Szpitalna 14, 34-400 Nowy Targ, Poland
| | - Artur Adamczak
- Department of Botany, Breeding and Agricultural Technology of Medicinal Plants, Institute of Natural Fibres and Medicinal Plants, National Research Institute, Kolejowa 2, 62-064 Plewiska, Poland;
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Atriwal T, Azeem K, Husain FM, Hussain A, Khan MN, Alajmi MF, Abid M. Mechanistic Understanding of Candida albicans Biofilm Formation and Approaches for Its Inhibition. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:638609. [PMID: 33995297 PMCID: PMC8121174 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.638609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the demand for novel antifungal therapies has increased several- folds due to its potential to treat severe biofilm-associated infections. Biofilms are made by the sessile microorganisms attached to the abiotic or biotic surfaces, enclosed in a matrix of exopolymeric substances. This results in new phenotypic characteristics and intrinsic resistance from both host immune response and antimicrobial drugs. Candida albicans biofilm is a complex association of hyphal cells that are associated with both abiotic and animal tissues. It is an invasive fungal infection and acts as an important virulent factor. The challenges linked with biofilm-associated diseases have urged scientists to uncover the factors responsible for the formation and maturation of biofilm. Several strategies have been developed that could be adopted to eradicate biofilm-associated infections. This article presents an overview of the role of C. albicans biofilm in its pathogenicity, challenges it poses and threats associated with its formation. Further, it discusses strategies that are currently available or under development targeting prostaglandins, quorum-sensing, changing surface properties of biomedical devices, natural scaffolds, and small molecule-based chemical approaches to combat the threat of C. albicans biofilm. This review also highlights the recent developments in finding ways to increase the penetration of drugs into the extracellular matrix of biofilm using different nanomaterials against C. albicans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanu Atriwal
- Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Kashish Azeem
- Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Fohad Mabood Husain
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agriculture Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Afzal Hussain
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammed Nadeem Khan
- Department of Tashreehul Badan, Faculty of Unani Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Mohamed F Alajmi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Abid
- Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
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Ponde NO, Lortal L, Ramage G, Naglik JR, Richardson JP. Candida albicans biofilms and polymicrobial interactions. Crit Rev Microbiol 2021; 47:91-111. [PMID: 33482069 PMCID: PMC7903066 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2020.1843400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Candida albicans is a common fungus of the human microbiota. While generally a harmless commensal in healthy individuals, several factors can lead to its overgrowth and cause a range of complications within the host, from localized superficial infections to systemic life-threatening disseminated candidiasis. A major virulence factor of C. albicans is its ability to form biofilms, a closely packed community of cells that can grow on both abiotic and biotic substrates, including implanted medical devices and mucosal surfaces. These biofilms are extremely hard to eradicate, are resistant to conventional antifungal treatment and are associated with high morbidity and mortality rates, making biofilm-associated infections a major clinical challenge. Here, we review the current knowledge of the processes involved in C. albicans biofilm formation and development, including the central processes of adhesion, extracellular matrix production and the transcriptional network that regulates biofilm development. We also consider the advantages of the biofilm lifestyle and explore polymicrobial interactions within multispecies biofilms that are formed by C. albicans and selected microbial species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole O. Ponde
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, London, SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
| | - Léa Lortal
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, London, SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
| | - Gordon Ramage
- School of Medicine, Dentistry & Nursing, Glasgow Dental School and Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Glasgow, G2 3JZ, United Kingdom
| | - Julian R. Naglik
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, London, SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan P. Richardson
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, London, SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
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Scorzoni L, Alves de Paula e Silva AC, de Oliveira HC, Tavares dos Santos C, de Lacorte Singulani J, Akemi Assato P, Maria Marcos C, Teodoro Oliveira L, Ferreira Fregonezi N, Rossi DCP, Buffoni Roque da Silva L, Pelleschi Taborda C, Fusco-Almeida AM, Soares Mendes-Giannini MJ. In Vitro and In Vivo Effect of Peptides Derived from 14-3-3 Paracoccidioides spp. Protein. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7010052. [PMID: 33451062 PMCID: PMC7828505 DOI: 10.3390/jof7010052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is a chronic disease that causes sequelae and requires prolonged treatment; therefore, new therapeutic approaches are necessary. In view of this, three peptides from Paracoccidioides brasiliensis 14-3-3 protein were selected based on its immunogenicity and therapeutic potential. Methods: The in vitro antifungal activity and cytotoxicity of the 14-3-3 peptides were evaluated. The influence of the peptides in immunological and survival aspects was evaluated in vivo, using Galleria mellonella and the expression of antimicrobial peptide genes in Caenorhabditis elegans. Results: None of the peptides were toxic to HaCaT (skin keratinocyte), MRC-5 (lung fibroblast), and A549 (pneumocyte) cell lines, and only P1 exhibited antifungal activity against Paracoccidioides spp. The peptides could induce an immune response in G. mellonella. Moreover, the peptides caused a delay in the death of Paracoccidioides spp. infected larvae. Regarding C. elegans, the three peptides were able to increase the expression of the antimicrobial peptides. These peptides had essential effects on different aspects of Paracoccidioides spp. infection showing potential for a therapeutic vaccine. Future studies using mammalian methods are necessary to validate our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Scorzoni
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo 14800-903, Brazil; (L.S.); (A.C.A.d.P.eS.); (H.C.d.O.); (C.T.d.S.); (J.d.L.S.); (P.A.A.); (C.M.M.); (L.T.O.); (N.F.F.); (A.M.F.-A.)
| | - Ana Carolina Alves de Paula e Silva
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo 14800-903, Brazil; (L.S.); (A.C.A.d.P.eS.); (H.C.d.O.); (C.T.d.S.); (J.d.L.S.); (P.A.A.); (C.M.M.); (L.T.O.); (N.F.F.); (A.M.F.-A.)
| | - Haroldo Cesar de Oliveira
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo 14800-903, Brazil; (L.S.); (A.C.A.d.P.eS.); (H.C.d.O.); (C.T.d.S.); (J.d.L.S.); (P.A.A.); (C.M.M.); (L.T.O.); (N.F.F.); (A.M.F.-A.)
| | - Claudia Tavares dos Santos
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo 14800-903, Brazil; (L.S.); (A.C.A.d.P.eS.); (H.C.d.O.); (C.T.d.S.); (J.d.L.S.); (P.A.A.); (C.M.M.); (L.T.O.); (N.F.F.); (A.M.F.-A.)
| | - Junya de Lacorte Singulani
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo 14800-903, Brazil; (L.S.); (A.C.A.d.P.eS.); (H.C.d.O.); (C.T.d.S.); (J.d.L.S.); (P.A.A.); (C.M.M.); (L.T.O.); (N.F.F.); (A.M.F.-A.)
| | - Patricia Akemi Assato
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo 14800-903, Brazil; (L.S.); (A.C.A.d.P.eS.); (H.C.d.O.); (C.T.d.S.); (J.d.L.S.); (P.A.A.); (C.M.M.); (L.T.O.); (N.F.F.); (A.M.F.-A.)
| | - Caroline Maria Marcos
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo 14800-903, Brazil; (L.S.); (A.C.A.d.P.eS.); (H.C.d.O.); (C.T.d.S.); (J.d.L.S.); (P.A.A.); (C.M.M.); (L.T.O.); (N.F.F.); (A.M.F.-A.)
| | - Lariane Teodoro Oliveira
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo 14800-903, Brazil; (L.S.); (A.C.A.d.P.eS.); (H.C.d.O.); (C.T.d.S.); (J.d.L.S.); (P.A.A.); (C.M.M.); (L.T.O.); (N.F.F.); (A.M.F.-A.)
| | - Nathália Ferreira Fregonezi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo 14800-903, Brazil; (L.S.); (A.C.A.d.P.eS.); (H.C.d.O.); (C.T.d.S.); (J.d.L.S.); (P.A.A.); (C.M.M.); (L.T.O.); (N.F.F.); (A.M.F.-A.)
| | - Diego Conrado Pereira Rossi
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (D.C.P.R.); (L.B.R.d.S.); (C.P.T.)
| | - Leandro Buffoni Roque da Silva
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (D.C.P.R.); (L.B.R.d.S.); (C.P.T.)
| | - Carlos Pelleschi Taborda
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (D.C.P.R.); (L.B.R.d.S.); (C.P.T.)
| | - Ana Marisa Fusco-Almeida
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo 14800-903, Brazil; (L.S.); (A.C.A.d.P.eS.); (H.C.d.O.); (C.T.d.S.); (J.d.L.S.); (P.A.A.); (C.M.M.); (L.T.O.); (N.F.F.); (A.M.F.-A.)
| | - Maria José Soares Mendes-Giannini
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo 14800-903, Brazil; (L.S.); (A.C.A.d.P.eS.); (H.C.d.O.); (C.T.d.S.); (J.d.L.S.); (P.A.A.); (C.M.M.); (L.T.O.); (N.F.F.); (A.M.F.-A.)
- Correspondence:
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Liu F, Jin P, Sun Z, Du L, Wang D, Zhao T, Doyle MP. Carvacrol oil inhibits biofilm formation and exopolysaccharide production of Enterobacter cloacae. Food Control 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2020.107473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Ahamefule CS, Ezeuduji BC, Ogbonna JC, Moneke AN, Ike AC, Wang B, Jin C, Fang W. Marine Bioactive Compounds against Aspergillus fumigatus: Challenges and Future Prospects. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:E813. [PMID: 33207554 PMCID: PMC7698247 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9110813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
With the mortality rate of invasive aspergillosis caused by Aspergillus fumigatus reaching almost 100% among some groups of patients, and with the rapidly increasing resistance of A. fumigatus to available antifungal drugs, new antifungal agents have never been more desirable than now. Numerous bioactive compounds were isolated and characterized from marine resources. However, only a few exhibited a potent activity against A. fumigatus when compared to the multitude that did against some other pathogens. Here, we review the marine bioactive compounds that display a bioactivity against A. fumigatus. The challenges hampering the discovery of antifungal agents from this rich habitat are also critically analyzed. Further, we propose strategies that could speed up an efficient discovery and broaden the dimensions of screening in order to obtain promising in vivo antifungal agents with new modes of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chukwuemeka Samson Ahamefule
- National Engineering Research Center for Non-Food Biorefinery, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning 530007, Guangxi, China; (C.S.A.); (B.W.)
- College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, Guangxi, China
- Department of Microbiology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Enugu State, Nigeria; (J.C.O.); (A.N.M.); (A.C.I.)
| | | | - James C. Ogbonna
- Department of Microbiology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Enugu State, Nigeria; (J.C.O.); (A.N.M.); (A.C.I.)
| | - Anene N. Moneke
- Department of Microbiology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Enugu State, Nigeria; (J.C.O.); (A.N.M.); (A.C.I.)
| | - Anthony C. Ike
- Department of Microbiology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Enugu State, Nigeria; (J.C.O.); (A.N.M.); (A.C.I.)
| | - Bin Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Non-Food Biorefinery, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning 530007, Guangxi, China; (C.S.A.); (B.W.)
- State Key Laboratory of Non-food Biomass and Enzyme Technology, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning 530007, Guangxi, China
| | - Cheng Jin
- National Engineering Research Center for Non-Food Biorefinery, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning 530007, Guangxi, China; (C.S.A.); (B.W.)
- College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, Guangxi, China
| | - Wenxia Fang
- National Engineering Research Center for Non-Food Biorefinery, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning 530007, Guangxi, China; (C.S.A.); (B.W.)
- State Key Laboratory of Non-food Biomass and Enzyme Technology, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning 530007, Guangxi, China
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Wu J, Wu D, Zhao Y, Si Y, Mei L, Shao J, Wang T, Yan G, Wang C. Sodium New Houttuyfonate Inhibits Candida albicans Biofilm Formation by Inhibiting the Ras1-cAMP-Efg1 Pathway Revealed by RNA-seq. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:2075. [PMID: 32983053 PMCID: PMC7477049 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.02075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we aim to investigate the antifungal effect and mechanism of action of sodium new houttuyfonate (SNH) against Candida albicans. Microdilution analysis results showed that SNH possesses potent inhibitory activity against C. albicans SC5314, with a MIC80 of 256 μg/mL. Furthermore, we found that SNH can effectively inhibit the initial adhesion of C. albicans. Inverted microscopy, crystal violet staining, scanning electron microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy results showed that morphological changes during the transition from yeast to hypha and the biofilm formation of C. albicans are repressed by SNH treatment. We also found that SNH can effectively inhibit the biofilm formation of clinical C. albicans strains (Z103, Z3044, Z1402, and Z1407) and SNH in combination with fluconazole, berberine chloride, caspofungin and itraconazole antifungal agents can synergistically inhibit the biofilm formation of C. albicans. Eukaryotic transcriptome sequencing and qRT-PCR results showed that SNH treatment resulted in significantly down-regulated expression in several biofilm formation related genes in the Ras1-cAMP-Efg1 pathway (ALS1, ALA1, ALS3, EAP1, RAS1, EFG1, HWP1, and TEC1) and significantly up-regulated expression in yeast form-associated genes (YWP1 and RHD1). We also found that SNH can effectively reduce the production of key messenger cAMP in the Ras1-cAMP-Efg1 pathway. Furthermore, using Galleria mellonella as an in vivo model we found that SNH can effectively treat C. albicans infection in vivo. Our presented results suggest that SNH exhibits potential antibiofilm effects related to inhibiting the Ras1-cAMP-Efg1 pathway in the biofilm formation of C. albicans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiadi Wu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Daqiang Wu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Research Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Key Laboratory of Chinese Herbal Compound Formula in Anhui Province, Hefei, China
| | - Yeye Zhao
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Yuanqing Si
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Longfei Mei
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Jing Shao
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Research Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Key Laboratory of Chinese Herbal Compound Formula in Anhui Province, Hefei, China
| | - Tianming Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Herbal Compound Formula in Anhui Province, Hefei, China
| | - Guiming Yan
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Herbal Compound Formula in Anhui Province, Hefei, China
| | - Changzhong Wang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Research Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Key Laboratory of Chinese Herbal Compound Formula in Anhui Province, Hefei, China
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Zhang K, Jiang Y, Zhao H, Köllner TG, Chen S, Chen F, Chen F. Diverse Terpenoids and Their Associated Antifungal Properties from Roots of Different Cultivars of Chrysanthemum Morifolium Ramat. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25092083. [PMID: 32365690 PMCID: PMC7248984 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25092083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Roots provide anchorage and enable the absorption of water and micronutrients from the soil for plants. Besides these essential functions, roots are increasingly being recognized as an important organ for the production of diverse secondary metabolites. The goal of this study was to investigate the chemical composition and function of terpenoid secondary metabolites in roots of different cultivars of the popular ornamental plant Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat. Although C. morifolium is known for rich production of secondary metabolites in its flower heads and leaves, the diversity of secondary metabolites in roots remains poorly characterized. In this study, 12 cultivars of C. morifolium were selected for comparative analysis. From their roots, a total of 20 terpenoids were detected, including four monoterpenes, 15 sesquiterpenes, and one diterpene. The cultivar ‘She Yang Hong Xin Ju’ exhibited the highest concentration of total terpenoids at approximately 730 µg·g−1 fresh weight. Most cultivars contained sesquiterpenes as the predominant terpenoids. Of them, (E)-β-farnesene was detected in all cultivars. Based on their terpenoid composition, the 12 cultivars were planed into four groups. To gain insights into the function of root secondary metabolites, we performed bioassays to assess their effects on growth of three species of pathogenic fungi: Fusarium oxysporum, Magnaporthe oryzae, and Verticillium dahliae. Significant variability in antifungal activity of the root extracts among different cultivars were observed. The cultivar ‘Xiao Huang Ju’ was the only cultivar that had significant inhibitory effects on all three species of fungi. Our study reveals the diversity of terpenoids in roots of C. morifolium and their function as a chemical defense against fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaige Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (K.Z.); (S.C.); (F.C.)
| | - Yifan Jiang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (K.Z.); (S.C.); (F.C.)
- Correspondence: (Y.J.); (F.C.); Tel.: +86-25-8439-5262 (Y.J.); +1-865-974-8521 (F.C.)
| | - Hongwei Zhao
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China;
| | - Tobias G. Köllner
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll Str. 8, 07745 Jena, Germany;
| | - Sumei Chen
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (K.Z.); (S.C.); (F.C.)
| | - Fadi Chen
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (K.Z.); (S.C.); (F.C.)
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
- Correspondence: (Y.J.); (F.C.); Tel.: +86-25-8439-5262 (Y.J.); +1-865-974-8521 (F.C.)
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de Barros PP, Rossoni RD, de Souza CM, Scorzoni L, Fenley JDC, Junqueira JC. Candida Biofilms: An Update on Developmental Mechanisms and Therapeutic Challenges. Mycopathologia 2020; 185:415-424. [PMID: 32277380 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-020-00445-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Fungi of the genus Candida are important etiological agents of superficial and life-threatening infections in individuals with a compromised immune system. One of the main characteristics of Candida is its ability to form highly drug tolerance biofilms in the human host. Biofilms are a dynamic community of multiple cell types whose formation over time is orchestrated by a network of transcription regulators. In this brief review, we provide an update of the processes involved in biofilm formation by Candida spp. (formation, treatment, and control), as well as the transcriptional circuitry that regulates its development and interactions with other microorganisms. Candida albicans is known to build mixed species biofilms with other Candida species and with various other bacterial species in different host niches. Taken together, these properties play a key role in Candida pathogenesis. In addition, this review gathers recent studies with new insights and perspectives for the treatment and control of Candida biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Pimentel de Barros
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Institute of Science and Technology, São José dos Campos, Avenida Engenheiro Francisco José Longo 777, São Dimas, São José dos Campos, SP, CEP 12245-000, Brazil.
| | - Rodnei Dennis Rossoni
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Institute of Science and Technology, São José dos Campos, Avenida Engenheiro Francisco José Longo 777, São Dimas, São José dos Campos, SP, CEP 12245-000, Brazil
| | - Cheyenne Marçal de Souza
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Institute of Science and Technology, São José dos Campos, Avenida Engenheiro Francisco José Longo 777, São Dimas, São José dos Campos, SP, CEP 12245-000, Brazil
| | - Liliana Scorzoni
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Institute of Science and Technology, São José dos Campos, Avenida Engenheiro Francisco José Longo 777, São Dimas, São José dos Campos, SP, CEP 12245-000, Brazil
| | - Juliana De Camargo Fenley
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Institute of Science and Technology, São José dos Campos, Avenida Engenheiro Francisco José Longo 777, São Dimas, São José dos Campos, SP, CEP 12245-000, Brazil
| | - Juliana Campos Junqueira
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Institute of Science and Technology, São José dos Campos, Avenida Engenheiro Francisco José Longo 777, São Dimas, São José dos Campos, SP, CEP 12245-000, Brazil
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Venkata S, Zeeshan F, Kamal A, Luqman AK, Saif H. Efficiency of vanillin in impeding metabolic adaptability and virulence of Candida albicans by inhibiting glyoxylate cycle, morphogenesis, and biofilm formation. Curr Med Mycol 2020; 6:1-8. [PMID: 32420501 PMCID: PMC7217250 DOI: 10.18502/cmm.6.1.2501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose Candida albicans is the fourth most common cause of nosocomial fungal infections across the world. The current drug regimens are suffering from such drawbacks as drug resistance, toxicity, and costliness; accordingly, they highlight the need for the discovery of novel drug agents. The metabolic adaptability under low-carbon conditions and expression of functional virulence traits mark the success of pathogens to cause infection. The metabolic pathways, such as glyoxylate cycle (GC), enable C. albicans to survive under glucose-deficient conditions prevalent in the hostile niche. Therefore, the key enzymes, namely isocitrate lyase (ICL) and malate synthase (MLS), represent attractive agents against C. albicans. Similarly, virulence traits, such as morphogenesis and biofilm formation, are the crucial determinants of C. albicans pathogenicity. Regarding this, the present study was conducted to uncover the role of vanillin (Van), a natural food flavoring agent, in inhibiting GC, yeast-to-hyphal transition, and biofilm formation in human fungal pathogen C. albicans. Materials and Methods For the determination of hypersensitivity under low-glucose conditions, phenotypic susceptibility assay was utilized. In addition, enzyme activities were estimated based on crude extracts while in-silico binding was confirmed by molecular docking. The assessment of morphogenesis was accomplished using hyphal-inducing media, and biofilm formation was estimated using calcofluor staining, MTT assay, and biomass measurement. Additionally, the in vivo efficacy of Van was demonstrated using Caenorhabditis elegans nematode model. Results Based on the results, Van was found to be a potent GC inhibitor that phenocopied ICL1 deletion mutant and displayed hypersensitivity under low-carbon conditions. Accordingly, Van facilitated the inhibition of ICL and MLS activities in vitro. Molecular docking analyses revealed the in-silico binding affinity of Van with Icl1p and Mls1p. Those analyses were also confirmative of the binding of Van to the active sites of both proteins with better binding energy in comparison to their known inhibitors. Furthermore, Van led to the attenuation of such virulence traits as morphogenesis, biofilm formation, and cell adherence. Finally, the antifungal efficacy of Van was demonstrated by the enhanced survival of C. elegans with Candida infection. The results also confirmed negligible hemolytic activity on erythrocytes. Conclusion As the findings of the present study indicated, Van is a persuasive natural compound that warrants further attention to exploit its anticandidal potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saibabu Venkata
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Haryana, Gurugram, India.,Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Fatima Zeeshan
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Haryana, Gurugram, India
| | - Ahmad Kamal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Hameed Saif
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Haryana, Gurugram, India
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Kim YG, Lee JH, Park JG, Lee J. Inhibition of Candida albicans and Staphylococcus aureus biofilms by centipede oil and linoleic acid. BIOFOULING 2020; 36:126-137. [PMID: 32093497 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2020.1730333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Microbial biofilms are associated with persistent infections because of their high tolerance to antimicrobial agents and host defenses. The effects of centipede oil from Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans and its main components were investigated to identify non-toxic biofilm inhibitors. Centipede oil and linoleic acid at 20 µg ml-1 markedly inhibited biofilm formation by two fluconazole-resistant Candida albicans strains and three Staphylococcus aureus strains without affecting their planktonic cell growth. Also, both centipede oil and linoleic acid inhibited hyphal growth and cell aggregation by C. albicans. In addition, centipede oil and linoleic acid showed anti-biofilm activities against mixed C. albicans and S. aureus biofilms. Transcriptomic analysis showed that centipede oil and linoleic acid downregulated the expressions of several hypha/biofilm-related genes in C. albicans and α-hemolysin in S. aureus. Furthermore, both compounds effectively reduced C. albicans virulence in a nematode infection model with minimal toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Guy Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Hyung Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Gyu Park
- Advanced Bio Convergence Center, Pohang Technopark Foundation, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Jintae Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
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Motamedi M, Saharkhiz MJ, Pakshir K, Amini Akbarabadi S, Alikhani Khordshami M, Asadian F, Zareshahrabadi Z, Zomorodian K. Chemical compositions and antifungal activities of Satureja macrosiphon against Candida and Aspergillus species. Curr Med Mycol 2020; 5:20-25. [PMID: 32104740 PMCID: PMC7034783 DOI: 10.18502/cmm.5.4.2162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Despite the various applications of Satureja species, there are limited data in this domain. Regarding this, the present study was conducted to investigate the essential oil (EO) biological activity of S. macrosiphon species in Iran. Materials and Methods: The EO of S. macrosiphon flowers was obtained by hydrodistillation. Chemical compositions of the EO were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. In addition, minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were measured by means of the broth microdilution method. The estimation of antibiofilm and cytotoxic activities was also accomplished using the tetrazolium salt and MTT assays, respectively. Results: A total of 26 components were identified in the EO with linalool as the main constituent (28.46%). A MIC range value of 0.25-8 μL/mL was obtained against all of the tested fungi. The EO inhibited the biofilm development of the Candida tested strains at a concentration of 4-8 μL/mL. Cytotoxicity (IC50) of EO against the HeLa cell was greater than the MIC concentration (6.49 μL/mL). Conclusion: Based on the findings, it was concluded that the EO of S. macrosiphon has the potential for further use as an antifungal agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjan Motamedi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Keyvan Pakshir
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Basic Sciences in Infectious Diseases Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sara Amini Akbarabadi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Marzieh Alikhani Khordshami
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Asadian
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zahra Zareshahrabadi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kamiar Zomorodian
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Basic Sciences in Infectious Diseases Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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41
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Wang W, Li D, Huang X, Yang H, Qiu Z, Zou L, Liang Q, Shi Y, Wu Y, Wu S, Yang C, Li Y. Study on Antibacterial and Quorum-Sensing Inhibition Activities of Cinnamomum camphora Leaf Essential Oil. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24203792. [PMID: 31640286 PMCID: PMC6832878 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24203792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Many essential oils (EOs) regulate the quorum-sensing (QS) system of pathogens and inhibit the virulence expression. Interference with QS can potentially reduce bacterial multidrug resistance and aid the biological control of bacterial disease. In the present work, the antibacterial and anti-QS activities of Cinnamomum camphora leaf EO were investigated. A total of 23 chemical components with relative levels ≥0.11%, including a large number of terpene compounds, were identified in C. camphora leaf EO by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The principal component was linalool, followed by eucalyptol, with relative levels of 51.57% and 22.07%, respectively. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and antibacterial activity of C. camphora EO were examined, and P. aeruginosa and E. coli ATCC25922 showed the highest and lowest sensitivity to C. camphora EO, respectively. Tests of QS inhibitory activity revealed that C. camphora EO significantly decreased the production of violacein and biofilm biomass in C. violaceum, with the maximum inhibition rates of 63% and 77.64%, respectively, and inhibited the biofilm formation and swarming movement, independent of affecting the growth of C. violaceum. Addition of C. camphora EO also resulted in downregulation of the expression of the acyl-homoserine lactones (AHL) synthesis gene (cviI) and transcription regulator (cviR), and inhibited the expression of QS-regulated virulence genes, including vioA, vioB, vioC, vioD, vioE, lasA, lasB, pilE3, and hmsHNFR. Collectively, the prominent antibacterial activity and anti-QS activities clearly support that C. camphora EO acts as a potential antibacterial agent and QS inhibitor in the prevention of bacterial contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Wang
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Dongxiang Li
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Xiaoqin Huang
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Huixiang Yang
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Ziwen Qiu
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Liting Zou
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Qin Liang
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Yu Shi
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Yingxiang Wu
- Qingyuan Agricultural Science and Technology Extension Service Center, Qingyuan 511518, China.
| | - Shaohua Wu
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Chao Yang
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Yongyu Li
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
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Shin DS, Eom YB. Zerumbone inhibits Candida albicans biofilm formation and hyphal growth. Can J Microbiol 2019; 65:713-721. [DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2019-0155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Candida albicans biofilm formation is considered an important matter because it can lead to strong resistance to conventional antifungal agents. Hyphae formed by C. albicans can also act as an important virulence factor related to its biofilm. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of zerumbone, a monocyclic sesquiterpene extracted from Zingiber zerumbet (L.) Smith, against C. albicans biofilm formation. Our results suggest that zerumbone possesses antifungal and antibiofilm activity that inhibits biofilm formation and eradicates preformed biofilm. Notably, zerumbone considerably reduced carbohydrate and DNA contents of biofilm matrix. In addition, zerumbone showed antivirulence effects by decreasing the growth of hyphae and inhibiting morphologic changes of C. albicans. Furthermore, zerumbone significantly downregulated expression levels of biofilm-related and hyphae-specific genes, including HWP1 and ALS3. Since zerumbone suppresses biofilm formation and hyphae growth, these results indicate that zerumbone could be used as a potential candidate to treat and prevent C. albicans biofilm-related infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Seul Shin
- Department of Medical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Bin Eom
- Department of Medical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Republic of Korea
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43
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Zahra G, Khadijeh B, Hossein D, Ali S. Essential oil composition of two Scutellaria species from Iran. JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICAL SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcms.2019.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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44
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Alves M, Gonçalves MJ, Zuzarte M, Alves-Silva JM, Cavaleiro C, Cruz MT, Salgueiro L. Unveiling the Antifungal Potential of Two Iberian Thyme Essential Oils: Effect on C. albicans Germ Tube and Preformed Biofilms. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:446. [PMID: 31130859 PMCID: PMC6509473 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungal infections remain a burden worldwide, thus underpinning the need for effective new therapeutic approaches. In the present study, the antifungal effect of the essential oils of two thyme species, Thymus camphoratus and Thymus carnosus, used in traditional medicine in Portugal, as well as their major compounds was assessed. A special focus was placed on their effect on Candida albicans virulence factors. Also, the safety profile of the essential oils was assessed on keratinocytes. The essential oils were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy (GC/MS). The minimal inhibitory and minimal fungicidal concentrations of the essential oils and their main compounds were assessed on reference and clinical strains. Also, their effect on C. albicans germ tube formation, metabolism, and biofilm disruption were considered. T. camphoratus oil was rich in 1,8-cineole and α-pinene whereas T. carnosus oil showed high amounts of borneol and camphene. Regarding the antifungal effect, both oils were more active against Cryptococcus neoformans and dermatophytes and very effective in inhibiting C. albicans germ tube formation, at doses well below their MIC and in a higher extend than the isolated compounds and fluconazole, an antifungal drug widely used in the clinic. The oils also disrupted preformed C. albicans biofilms. Furthermore, no toxicity was observed at pharmacological relevant concentrations towards keratinocytes. Our study validates the traditional uses ascribed to these Iberian species. Furthermore, it brings new insights on the antifungal potential and mechanism of action of these thyme species, thus paving the way for the development of novel effective antifungal drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Alves
- CIEPQPF - Department of Chemical Engineering and Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria José Gonçalves
- CIEPQPF - Department of Chemical Engineering and Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Mónica Zuzarte
- Faculty of Medicine, CNC.IBILI, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Jorge M Alves-Silva
- CIEPQPF - Department of Chemical Engineering and Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine, CNC.IBILI, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carlos Cavaleiro
- CIEPQPF - Department of Chemical Engineering and Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria Teresa Cruz
- Faculty of Pharmacy, CNC.IBILI, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Lígia Salgueiro
- CIEPQPF - Department of Chemical Engineering and Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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Lee JH, Kim YG, Gupta VK, Manoharan RK, Lee J. Suppression of Fluconazole Resistant Candida albicans Biofilm Formation and Filamentation by Methylindole Derivatives. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2641. [PMID: 30459738 PMCID: PMC6232606 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans is an opportunistic fungal pathogen and most prevalent species among clinical outbreaks. It causes a range of infections, including from mild mucosal infections to serious life-threatening candidemia and disseminated candidiasis. Multiple virulence factors account for the pathogenic nature of C. albicans, and its morphological transition from budding yeast to hyphal form and subsequent biofilm formation is regarded as the most important reason for the severity of Candida infections. To address the demanding need for novel antifungals, we investigated the anti-biofilm activities of various methylindoles against C. albicans using a crystal violet assay, and the metabolic activity was assessed by using a 2,3-bis (2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfo-phenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide reduction assay. Changes in biofilm morphologies and thicknesses were determined by confocal laser scanning microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. Of the 21 methylindoles tested, 1-methylindole-2-carboxylic acid (1MI2CA) at 0.1 mM (17.5 μg ml-1) and 5-methylindole-2-carboxylic acid (5MI2CA) at 0.1 mM effectively inhibited biofilm formation by C. albicans DAY185 and ATCC10231 strains. Moreover, 1MI2CA and 5MI2CA both effectively inhibited hyphal formation, and thus, improved C. albicans infected nematode survival without inducing acute toxic effects. Furthermore, our in silico molecular modeling findings were in-line with in vitro observations. This study provides information useful for the development of novel strategies targeting candidiasis and biofilm-related infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Hyung Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | - Yong-Guy Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | - Vivek Kumar Gupta
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | | | - Jintae Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
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Manoharan RK, Lee J, Lee J. Efficacy of 7-benzyloxyindole and other halogenated indoles to inhibit Candida albicans biofilm and hyphal formation. Microb Biotechnol 2018; 11:1060-1069. [PMID: 29656577 PMCID: PMC6196399 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Certain pathogenic bacteria and yeast form biofilms on biotic and abiotic surfaces including medical devices and implants. Hence, the development of antibiofilm coating materials becomes relevant. The virulence of those colonizing pathogens can be reduced by inhibiting biofilm formation rather than killing pathogens using excessive amounts of antimicrobials, which is touted as one of the main reasons for the development of drug resistance. Candida albicans is an opportunistic fungal pathogen, and the transition of yeast cells to hyphal cells is believed to be a crucial virulence factor. Previous studies have shown that indole and its derivatives possess antivirulence properties against various bacterial pathogens. In this study, we used various indole derivatives to investigate biofilm-inhibiting activity against C. albicans. Our study revealed that 7-benzyloxyindole, 4-fluoroindole and 5-iodoindole effectively inhibited biofilm formation compared to the antifungal agent fluconazole. Particularly, 7-benzyloxyindole at 0.02 mM (4.5 μg ml-1 ) significantly reduced C. albicans biofilm formation, but had no effect on planktonic cells, and this finding was confirmed by a 2,3-bis-(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide (XTT) assay and three-dimensional confocal laser scanning microscopy. Scanning electron microscopy analyses revealed that 7-benzyloxyindole effectively inhibited hyphal formation, which explains biofilm inhibition. Transcriptomic analysis showed that 7-benzyloxyindole downregulated the expressions of several hypha/biofilm-related genes (ALS3, ECE1, HWP1 and RBT1). A C. albicans-infected Caenorhabditis elegans model system was used to confirm the antivirulence efficacy of 7-benzyloxyindole.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jin‐Hyung Lee
- School of Chemical EngineeringYeungnam UniversityGyeongsan38541Korea
| | - Jintae Lee
- School of Chemical EngineeringYeungnam UniversityGyeongsan38541Korea
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47
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Feng W, Ao H, Yue S, Peng C. Systems pharmacology reveals the unique mechanism features of Shenzhu Capsule for treatment of ulcerative colitis in comparison with synthetic drugs. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16160. [PMID: 30385774 PMCID: PMC6212405 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34509-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In clinic, both synthetic drugs and Shenzhu Capsule (SZC), one kind of traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs), are used to treat ulcerative colitis (UC). In our study, a systems pharmacology approach was employed to elucidate the chemical and mechanism differences between SZC and synthetic drugs in treating UC. First, the compound databases were constructed for SZC and synthetic drugs. Then, the targets of SZC were predicted with on-line tools and validated using molecular docking method. Finally, chemical space, targets, and pathways of SZC and synthetic drugs were compared. Results showed that atractylenolide I, atractylone, kaempferol, etc., were bioactive compounds of SZC. Comparison of SZC and synthetic drugs showed that (1) in chemical space, the area of SZC encompasses the area of synthetic drugs; (2) SZC can act on more targets and pathways than synthetic drugs; (3) SZC can not only regulate immune and inflammatory reactions but also act on ulcerative colitis complications (bloody diarrhea) and prevent UC to develop into colorectal cancer whereas synthetic drugs mainly regulate immune and inflammatory reactions. Our study could help us to understand the compound and mechanism differences between TCM and synthetic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuwen Feng
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Hui Ao
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Shijun Yue
- College of Pharmacy and Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
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48
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Ong KS, Mawang CI, Daniel-Jambun D, Lim YY, Lee SM. Current anti-biofilm strategies and potential of antioxidants in biofilm control. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2018; 16:855-864. [PMID: 30308132 DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2018.1535898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Biofilm formation is a strategy for microorganisms to adapt and survive in hostile environments. Microorganisms that are able to produce biofilms are currently recognized as a threat to human health. Areas covered: Many strategies have been employed to eradicate biofilms, but several drawbacks from these methods had subsequently raised concerns on the need for alternative approaches to effectively prevent biofilm formation. One of the main mechanisms that drives a microorganism to transit from a planktonic to a biofilm-sessile state, is oxidative stress. Chemical agents that could target oxidative stress regulators, for instance antioxidants, could therefore be used to treat biofilm-associated infections. Expert commentary: The focus of this review is to summarize the function and limitation of the current anti-biofilm strategies and will propose the use of antioxidants as an alternative method to treat, prevent and eradicate biofilms. Studies have shown that water-soluble and lipid-soluble antioxidants can reduce and prevent biofilm formation, by influencing the expression of genes associated with oxidative stress. Further in vivo work should be conducted to ensure the efficacy of these antioxidants in a biological environment. Nevertheless, antioxidants are promising anti-biofilm agents, and thus is a potential solution for biofilm-associated infections in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan Shion Ong
- a School of Science , Monash University Malaysia , Bandar Sunway , Selangor , Malaysia.,b Tropical Medicine and Biology Multidisciplinary Platform , Monash University Malaysia , Bandar Sunway , Selangor , Malaysia
| | | | | | - Yau Yan Lim
- a School of Science , Monash University Malaysia , Bandar Sunway , Selangor , Malaysia
| | - Sui Mae Lee
- a School of Science , Monash University Malaysia , Bandar Sunway , Selangor , Malaysia.,b Tropical Medicine and Biology Multidisciplinary Platform , Monash University Malaysia , Bandar Sunway , Selangor , Malaysia
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Song Z, Yin F, Xiang B, Lan B, Cheng S. Systems Pharmacological Approach to Investigate the Mechanism of Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma for Alzheimer's Disease. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2018; 2018:5194016. [PMID: 30050590 PMCID: PMC6040288 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5194016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma (ATR) is widely used to treat memory and cognition dysfunction. This study aimed to confirm evidence regarding the potential therapeutic effect of ATR on Alzheimer's disease (AD) using a system network level based in silico approach. Study results showed that the compounds in ATR are highly connected to AD-related signaling pathways, biological processes, and organs. These findings were confirmed by compound-target network, target-organ location network, gene ontology analysis, and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis. Most compounds in ATR have been reported to have antifibrillar amyloid plaques, anti-tau phosphorylation, and anti-inflammatory effects. Our results indicated that compounds in ATR interact with multiple targets in a synergetic way. Furthermore, the mRNA expressions of genes targeted by ATR are elevated significantly in heart, brain, and liver. Our results suggest that the anti-inflammatory and immune system enhancing effects of ATR might contribute to its major therapeutic effects on Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyan Song
- The Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China
| | - Fang Yin
- The Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China
| | - Biao Xiang
- The Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China
| | - Bin Lan
- The Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China
| | - Shaowu Cheng
- The Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China
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50
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Farisa Banu S, Rubini D, Shanmugavelan P, Murugan R, Gowrishankar S, Karutha Pandian S, Nithyanand P. Effects of patchouli and cinnamon essential oils on biofilm and hyphae formation by Candida species. J Mycol Med 2018; 28:332-339. [PMID: 29571979 DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2018.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 02/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence and fatality rates with biofilm-associated candidal infections have remained a challenge to the medical fraternity despite major advances in the field of antifungal therapy. Traditionally, essential oils (EOs) from the aromatic plants have been found to be excellent therapeutic agents to treat fungal ailments. The present study explores the antivirulent and antibiofilm effects of under explored leaf EOs of Indian patchouli EO extracted from Pogostemon heyneanus (PH), Indian cassia from Cinnamomum tamala (CT) and camphor EO from C. camphora (CC) against Candida species. The EOs were investigated for its efficacy to disrupt the young and preformed Candida spp. biofilms and to inhibit the yeast to hyphal transition, a hallmark virulent trait of C. albicans. The ability of these EOs to inhibit metabolically active cells was assessed through XTT assay. Of these three EOs, CT EO showed enhanced biofilm inhibition than others and hence it was further selected to study its biomass inhibition potential and exopolysaccharide layer disruption ability. The CT EO reduced the biomass of the preformed biofilms of all three Candida strains, which was supported by confocal microscopy. It also disrupted the exopolysaccharide layer of the Candida strains as shown by scanning electron microscopy. The present findings validate the effectiveness of EOs against the virulence of Candida spp. and emphasize the pharmaceutical potential of several native but yet unexplored wild aromatic plants in the prospect of therapeutic application.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Farisa Banu
- Biofilm Biology Laboratory, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, Anusandhan Kendra II, SASTRA University, 613401 Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - D Rubini
- Biofilm Biology Laboratory, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, Anusandhan Kendra II, SASTRA University, 613401 Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - P Shanmugavelan
- Biofilm Biology Laboratory, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, Anusandhan Kendra II, SASTRA University, 613401 Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R Murugan
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, 613401 Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Gowrishankar
- Department of Biotechnology, Science Campus, Alagappa University, 630003 Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Karutha Pandian
- Department of Biotechnology, Science Campus, Alagappa University, 630003 Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - P Nithyanand
- Biofilm Biology Laboratory, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, Anusandhan Kendra II, SASTRA University, 613401 Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India; Centre for Research on Infectious Diseases (CRID), School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, 613401 Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India.
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