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Xu S, Chen Y, Gong Y. Improvement of Theaflavins on Glucose and Lipid Metabolism in Diabetes Mellitus. Foods 2024; 13:1763. [PMID: 38890991 PMCID: PMC11171799 DOI: 10.3390/foods13111763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
In diabetes mellitus, disordered glucose and lipid metabolisms precipitate diverse complications, including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, contributing to a rising global mortality rate. Theaflavins (TFs) can improve disorders of glycolipid metabolism in diabetic patients and reduce various types of damage, including glucotoxicity, lipotoxicity, and other associated secondary adverse effects. TFs exert effects to lower blood glucose and lipids levels, partly by regulating digestive enzyme activities, activation of OATP-MCT pathway and increasing secretion of incretins such as GIP. By the Ca2+-CaMKK ꞵ-AMPK and PI3K-AKT pathway, TFs promote glucose utilization and inhibit endogenous glucose production. Along with the regulation of energy metabolism by AMPK-SIRT1 pathway, TFs enhance fatty acids oxidation and reduce de novo lipogenesis. As such, the administration of TFs holds significant promise for both the prevention and amelioration of diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Xu
- National Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Changsha 410128, China;
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Ying Chen
- National Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Changsha 410128, China;
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Yushun Gong
- Co-Innovation Center of Education Ministry for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Changsha 410128, China
- Key Laboratory for Evaluation and Utilization of Gene Resources of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
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2
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Park HY, Yu JH. Mitigation effect of hesperidin on X-ray radiation-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction in Caco-2 cell monolayers. Food Chem Toxicol 2024; 186:114549. [PMID: 38442786 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2024.114549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
The tight junctions (TJs) and barrier function of the intestinal epithelium are highly sensitive to radiation. However, polyphenols can be used to reverse the effects of radiation. Here, we investigated the effects of hesperidin (hesperetin-7-rhamnoglucoside) on X-ray-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction in human epithelial Caco-2 monolayers. To examine whether hesperidin mitigated the effects of X-ray exposure (2 Gy), cell survival was evaluated and intestinal barrier function was assessed by measuring the transepithelial flux, apparent permeability coefficient (Papp), and barrier integrity. Hesperidin improved the survival of Caco-2 cell monolayers and attenuated X-ray exposure-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction. For fluorescein transport experiments, transepithelial flux and Papp of fluorescein in control group were significantly elevated by X-ray, but were restored to near control by 10 μM hesperidin pretreatment. Further, X-ray exposure decreased the barrier integrity and TJ interruption by reducing TJ-related proteins occludin and claudin-4, whereas cell monolayers pretreated with hesperidin before X-ray exposure were reinstated to control level. It was concluded that hesperidin treatment before X-ray exposure alleviated X-ray-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction through regulation of TJ-related proteins. These results indicate that hesperidin prevents and mitigates X-ray-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha-Young Park
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, 56212, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jin-Hee Yu
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, 56212, Republic of Korea
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Alsholi DM, Yacoub GS, Rehman AU, Ullah H, Khan AI, Deng T, Siddiqui NZ, Alioui Y, Farooqui NA, Elkharti M, Li Y, Wang L, Xin Y. Lactobacillus rhamnosus Attenuates Cisplatin-Induced Intestinal Mucositis in Mice via Modulating the Gut Microbiota and Improving Intestinal Inflammation. Pathogens 2023; 12:1340. [PMID: 38003804 PMCID: PMC10674506 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12111340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactobacillus rhamnosus (LBS) is a well-documented probiotic strain in oncology and has a pivotal role in clinical applications. Here, we have investigated the protective effect of Lactobacillus rhamnosus on intestinal mucositis induced by cisplatin (CP) and explored the underlying mechanisms targeting inflammatory proteins, as well as the histological changes in the intestinal tissue of mice, in addition, the bacterial strains that may be related to the health-enhancing properties. BALB/c mice were pre-treated with or without LBS via oral gavage, followed by mucositis induction with cisplatin. Our results revealed that the LBS-treated groups significantly attenuated proinflammatory cytokine levels (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) compared to the CP group. Furthermore, LBS mitigated the damaged tight junction integrity caused by CP via up-regulating the levels of claudin, occludin, ZO-1, and mucin-2 protein (MUC-2). Finally, the 16S rRNA fecal microbiome genomic analysis showed that LBS administration enhanced the growth of beneficial bacteria, i.e., Firmicutes and Lachnospiraceae, while the relative abundance of the opportunistic bacteria Bacteroides and Proteobacteria decreased. Collectively, LBS was found to beneficially modulate microbial composition structure and functions and enrich the ecological diversity in the gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duaa M. Alsholi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China; (D.M.A.); (A.U.R.); (H.U.); (A.I.K.); (T.D.); (N.Z.S.); (Y.A.); (N.A.F.)
| | - Ghazi Suleiman Yacoub
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 222 Zhongshan Lu, Dalian 116011, China;
| | - Ata Ur Rehman
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China; (D.M.A.); (A.U.R.); (H.U.); (A.I.K.); (T.D.); (N.Z.S.); (Y.A.); (N.A.F.)
| | - Hidayat Ullah
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China; (D.M.A.); (A.U.R.); (H.U.); (A.I.K.); (T.D.); (N.Z.S.); (Y.A.); (N.A.F.)
| | - Asif Iqbal Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China; (D.M.A.); (A.U.R.); (H.U.); (A.I.K.); (T.D.); (N.Z.S.); (Y.A.); (N.A.F.)
| | - Ting Deng
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China; (D.M.A.); (A.U.R.); (H.U.); (A.I.K.); (T.D.); (N.Z.S.); (Y.A.); (N.A.F.)
| | - Nimra Zafar Siddiqui
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China; (D.M.A.); (A.U.R.); (H.U.); (A.I.K.); (T.D.); (N.Z.S.); (Y.A.); (N.A.F.)
| | - Yamina Alioui
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China; (D.M.A.); (A.U.R.); (H.U.); (A.I.K.); (T.D.); (N.Z.S.); (Y.A.); (N.A.F.)
| | - Nabeel Ahmed Farooqui
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China; (D.M.A.); (A.U.R.); (H.U.); (A.I.K.); (T.D.); (N.Z.S.); (Y.A.); (N.A.F.)
| | - Maroua Elkharti
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China;
| | - Yanxia Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Stem Cell Clinical Research Center, National Joint Engineering Laboratory, Regenerative Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
| | - Yi Xin
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China; (D.M.A.); (A.U.R.); (H.U.); (A.I.K.); (T.D.); (N.Z.S.); (Y.A.); (N.A.F.)
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Park HY, Yu JH. X-ray radiation-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction in human epithelial Caco-2 cell monolayers. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 264:115404. [PMID: 37625335 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Radiation therapy and unwanted radiological or nuclear exposure, such as nuclear plant accidents, terrorist attacks, and military conflicts, pose serious health issues to humans. Dysfunction of the intestinal epithelial barrier and the leakage of luminal antigens and bacteria across the barrier have been linked to various human diseases. Intestinal permeability is regulated by intercellular structures, termed tight junctions (TJs), which are disrupted after radiation exposure. In this study, we investigated radiation-induced alterations in TJ-related proteins in an intestinal epithelial cell model. Caco-2 cells were irradiated with 2, 5, and 10 Gy and harvested 1 and 24 h after X-ray exposure. The trypan blue assay revealed that cell viability was reduced in a dose-dependent manner 24 h after X-ray exposure compared to that of non-irradiated cells. However, the WST-8 assay revealed that cell proliferation was significantly reduced only 24 h after radiation exposure to 10 Gy compared to that of non-irradiated cells. In addition, a decreased growth rate and increased doubling time were observed in cells irradiated with X-rays. Intestinal permeability was significantly increased, and transepithelial electrical resistance values were remarkably reduced in Caco-2 cell monolayers irradiated with X-rays compared to non-irradiated cells. X-ray irradiation significantly decreased the mRNA and protein levels of ZO-1, occludin, claudin-3, and claudin-4, with ZO-1 and claudin-3 protein levels decreasing in a dose-dependent manner. Overall, the present study reveals that exposure to X-ray induces dysfunction of the human epithelial intestinal barrier and integrity via the downregulation of TJ-related genes, which may be a key factor contributing to intestinal barrier damage and increased intestinal permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha-Young Park
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup 56212, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jin-Hee Yu
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup 56212, Republic of Korea
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Bonetti A, Toschi A, Tugnoli B, Piva A, Grilli E. A blend of selected botanicals maintains intestinal epithelial integrity and reduces susceptibility to Escherichia coli F4 infection by modulating acute and chronic inflammation in vitro. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1275802. [PMID: 37841479 PMCID: PMC10570737 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1275802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In the pig production cycle, the most delicate phase is weaning, a sudden and early change that requires a quick adaptation, at the cost of developing inflammation and oxidation, especially at the intestinal level. In this period, pathogens like enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) contribute to the establishment of diarrhea, with long-lasting detrimental effects. Botanicals and their single bioactive components represent sustainable well-recognized tools in animal nutrition thanks to their wide-ranging beneficial functions. The aim of this study was to investigate the in vitro mechanism of action of a blend of botanicals (BOT), composed of thymol, grapeseed extract, and capsicum oleoresin, in supporting intestinal cell health during inflammatory challenges and ETEC infections. To reach this, we performed inflammatory and ETEC challenges on Caco-2 cells treated with BOT, measuring epithelial integrity, cellular oxidative stress, bacterial translocation and adhesion, gene expression levels, and examining tight junction distribution. BOT protected enterocytes against acute inflammation: while the challenge reduced epithelial tightness by 40%, BOT significantly limited its drop to 30%, also allowing faster recovery rates. In the case of chronic inflammation, BOT systematically improved by an average of 25% the integrity of challenged cells (p < 0.05). Moreover, when cells were infected with ETEC, BOT maintained epithelial integrity at the same level as an effective antibiotic and significantly reduced bacterial translocation by 1 log average. The mode of action of BOT was strictly related to the modulation of the inflammatory response, protecting tight junctions' expression and structure. In addition, BOT influenced ETEC adhesion to intestinal cells (-4%, p < 0.05), also thanks to the reduction of enterocytes' susceptibility to pathogens. Finally, BOT effectively scavenged reactive oxygen species generated by inflammatory and H2O2 challenges, thus alleviating oxidative stress by 40% compared to challenge (p < 0.05). These results support the employment of BOT in piglets at weaning to help manage bacterial infections and relieve transient or prolonged stressful states thanks to the modulation of host-pathogen interaction and the fine-tuning activity on the inflammatory tone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Bonetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Veterinarie (DIMEVET), Università di Bologna, Ozzano dell’Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | | | | | - Andrea Piva
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Veterinarie (DIMEVET), Università di Bologna, Ozzano dell’Emilia, Bologna, Italy
- Vetagro S.p.A., Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Ester Grilli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Veterinarie (DIMEVET), Università di Bologna, Ozzano dell’Emilia, Bologna, Italy
- Vetagro Inc., Chicago, IL, United States
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Huang J, Fan Y, Lei Z, Yu Z, Ni D, Chen Y. The inhibitory effect and mechanism of theaflavins on fluoride transport and uptake in HIEC-6 cell model. Food Chem Toxicol 2023:113939. [PMID: 37433353 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.113939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Fluoride (F-) is widely present in nature, while long-term excessive F- intake can lead to fluorosis. Theaflavins are an important bioactive ingredient of black and dark tea, and black and dark tea water extracts showed a significantly lower F- bioavailability than NaF solutions in previous studies. In this study, the effect and mechanism of four theaflavins (theaflavin, theaflavin-3-gallate, theaflavin-3'-gallate, theaflavin-3,3'-digallate) on F- bioavailability were investigated using normal human small intestinal epithelial cells (HIEC-6) as a model. The results showed that theaflavins could inhibit the absorptive (apical - basolateral) transport of F- while promote its secretory (basolateral - apical) transport in HIEC-6 cell monolayers in a time- and concentration-dependent (5-100 μg/mL) manner, and significantly reduce the cellular F- uptake. Moreover, the HIEC-6 cells treated with theaflavins showed a reduction in cell membrane fluidity and cell surface microvilli. Transcriptome, qRT-PCR and Western blot analysis revealed that theaflavin-3-gallate (TF3G) addition could significantly enhance the mRNA and protein expression levels of tight junction-related genes in HIEC-6 cells, such as claudin-1, occludin and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1). Overall, theaflavins may reduce F- absorptive transport by regulating tight junction-related proteins, and decreasing intracellular F- accumulation by affecting the cell membrane structure and properties in HIEC-6 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiasheng Huang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China; College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China
| | - Yueqin Fan
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China; College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China
| | - Zhendong Lei
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China; College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China
| | - Zhi Yu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China; College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China
| | - Dejiang Ni
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China; College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China
| | - Yuqiong Chen
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China; College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China.
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Park I, Nam H, Wickramasuriya SS, Lee Y, Wall EH, Ravichandran S, Lillehoj HS. Host-mediated beneficial effects of phytochemicals for prevention of avian coccidiosis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1145367. [PMID: 37334385 PMCID: PMC10272459 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1145367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Both in vitro and in vivo studies were conducted to evaluate the beneficial effects of green tea extract (GT), cinnamon oil (CO), and pomegranate extract (PO) on avian coccidiosis. In experiment (EXP) 1, an in vitro culture system was used to investigate the individual effects of GT, CO, and PO on the proinflammatory cytokine response and integrity of tight junction (TJ) in chicken intestinal epithelial cells (IEC), on the differentiation of quail muscle cells and primary chicken embryonic muscle cells, and anticoccidial and antibacterial activities against Eimeria tenella sporozoites and Clostridium perfringens bacteria, respectively. In EXP 2 and 3, in vivo trials were carried out to study the dose-dependent effect of blended phytochemicals (GT, CO, PO) on coccidiosis in broiler chickens infected with E. maxima. For EXP 2, one hundred male broiler chickens (0-day-old) were allocated into the following five treatment groups: Control group for non-infected chickens (NC), Basal diet group for E. maxima-infected chickens (PC), PC group supplemented with phytochemicals at 50 (Phy 50), 100 (Phy 100), and 200 (Phy 200) mg/kg feed diets for E. maxima-infected chickens. For EXP 3, one hundred twenty male broiler chickens (0-day-old) were allocated into the following six treatment groups: NC, PC, PC supplemented with phytochemicals at 10 (Phy 10), 20 (Phy 20), 30 (Phy 30), and 100 (Phy 100) mg/kg feed for E. maxima-infected chickens. Body weights (BW) were measured on days 0, 7, 14, 20, and 22, and jejunum samples were used to measure cytokine, TJ protein, and antioxidant enzyme responses at 8 days post-infection (dpi). Fecal samples for oocyst enumeration were collected from 6 to 8 dpi. In vitro, CO and PO reduced LPS-induced IL-1β and IL-8 in IEC, respectively, and GT enhanced the gene expression of occludin in IEC. PO at 1.0 and 5.0 mg/mL exerted antimicrobial effect against E. tenella sporozoites and C. perfringens bacteria, respectively. In vivo, chickens fed a diet supplemented with phytochemicals showed enhanced BW, reduced oocyst shedding, and decreased proinflammatory cytokines following E. maxima challenge. In conclusion, the combination of GT, CO, and PO in the diet of broiler chickens infected with E. maxima induced enhanced host disease resistance including innate immunity and gut health, which contributed to improved growth and reduced disease responses. These findings provide scientific support for the development of a novel phytogenic feed additive formula that enhances the growth and intestinal health of broiler chickens infected with coccidiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inkyung Park
- Animal Bioscience and Biotechnology Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Beltsville, MD, United States
| | - Hyoyoun Nam
- Animal Bioscience and Biotechnology Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Beltsville, MD, United States
| | - Samiru S. Wickramasuriya
- Animal Bioscience and Biotechnology Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Beltsville, MD, United States
| | - Youngsub Lee
- Animal Bioscience and Biotechnology Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Beltsville, MD, United States
| | - Emma H. Wall
- AVT Natural North America, Santa Clara, CA, United States
| | | | - Hyun S. Lillehoj
- Animal Bioscience and Biotechnology Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Beltsville, MD, United States
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Fan Y, Lei Z, Huang J, Su D, Ni D, Chen Y. Effect and Mechanism of Theaflavins on Fluoride Transport and Absorption in Caco-2 Cells. Foods 2023; 12:foods12071487. [PMID: 37048308 PMCID: PMC10094491 DOI: 10.3390/foods12071487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper investigated the effect and mechanism of theaflavins (TFs) on fluoride (F−) uptake and transport in the Caco-2 cell model through structural chemistry and transcriptome analysis. The results showed that the four major TFs (TF, TF3G, TF3′G and TFDG) at a 150 μg/mL concentration could all significantly decrease F− transport in Caco-2 cells after 2 h of treatment and, at 2 μg/mL F− concentration, the F− transport was more inclined to efflux. During transport, the F− retention in Caco-2 cells was significantly increased by TF3G while it was clearly decreased by TF. The interaction between TFs and F− was analyzed by Raman spectroscopy and isothermal titration calorimetry, and F− was shown to affect the π bond vibration on the benzene ring of TFs, thus influencing their stability. Additionally, F− showed weak binding to TF3G, TF3′G and TFDG, which may inhibit F− transport and absorption in the Caco-2 cell line. Transcriptome and RT-PCR analysis identified three key differentially expressed genes related to cell permeability, and TFs can be assumed to mediate F− transport by regulating the expression of permeability-related genes to change cell monolayer permeability and enhance cell barrier function; however, this needs to be further elucidated in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueqin Fan
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Fruit and Vegetable Horticultural Crops, Wuhan 430070, China
- College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhendong Lei
- College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jiasheng Huang
- College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Dan Su
- College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Dejiang Ni
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Fruit and Vegetable Horticultural Crops, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yuqiong Chen
- College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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9
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Wang Y, Li X, Han Z, Meng M, Shi X, Wang L, Chen M, Chang G, Shen X. iE-DAP Induced Inflammatory Response and Tight Junction Disruption in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells via NOD1-Dependent NF-κB and MLCK Signaling Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076263. [PMID: 37047240 PMCID: PMC10094069 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
γ-D-glutamyl-meso-diaminopimelic acid (iE-DAP), a bacterial cell wall component, can trigger an inflammatory response. A mammary inflammatory response causes tight junction (TJ) dysfunction. This study aimed to explore the effects and involved mechanisms of iE-DAP-induced inflammatory response on the TJ integrity in bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs). The results showed that iE-DAP-induced inflammatory response and TJ disruption was associated with increased expression levels of inflammatory cytokines and decreased gene expression of ZO-1 and Occludin, as well as a reduction in transepithelial electrical resistance and elevation in paracellular dextran passage. While MLCK inhibitor ML-7 reversed the TJ disruption induced by iE-DAP. NF-κB inhibitor BAY 11-7085 hindered the activation of NF-κB and MLCK signaling pathways, the inflammatory response and TJ disruption induced by iE-DAP. NOD1-specific shRNA also inhibited the activation of the NOD1/NF-κB signaling pathway and reversed the inflammatory response and TJ injury in iE-DAP-treated BMECs. Above results suggest that iE-DAP activated the NF-κB and MLCK signaling pathway in NOD1-dependent manner, which promoted the transcription of inflammatory cytokines and altered the expression and distribution of tight junction proteins, finally caused inflammatory response and TJ disruption. This study might provide theoretical basis and scientific support for the prevention and treatment of mastitis.
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Park HY, Yu JH. Hesperidin enhances intestinal barrier function in Caco-2 cell monolayers via AMPK-mediated tight junction-related proteins. FEBS Open Bio 2023; 13:532-544. [PMID: 36700348 PMCID: PMC9989920 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The intestinal epithelium is a single-cell layer on the mucosal surface that absorbs food-derived nutrients and functions as a barrier that protects mucosal integrity. Hesperidin (hesperetin-7-rhamnoglucoside) is a flavanone glycoside composed of the flavanone hesperetin and the disaccharide rutinose, which has various physiological benefits, including antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and antiallergic effects. Here, we used human intestinal Caco-2 cell monolayers to examine the effect of hesperidin on intestinal barrier function. Hesperidin-treated Caco-2 cell monolayers displayed enhanced intestinal barrier integrity, as indicated by an increase in transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and a decreased apparent permeability (Papp ) for fluorescein. Hesperidin elevated the mRNA and protein levels of occludin, MarvelD3, JAM-1, claudin-1, and claudin-4, which are encoded by tight junction (TJ)-related genes. Moreover, hesperidin significantly increased the phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), indicating improved intestinal barrier function. Thus, our results suggest that hesperidin enhances intestinal barrier function by increasing the expression of TJ-related occludin, MarvelD3, JAM-1, and claudin-1 via AMPK activation in human intestinal Caco-2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha-Young Park
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, Korea
| | - Jin-Hee Yu
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, Korea
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11
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Park HY, Kweon DK, Kim JK. Molecular weight-dependent hyaluronic acid permeability and tight junction modulation in human buccal TR146 cell monolayers. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 227:182-192. [PMID: 36529213 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.12.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The oral route is considered an attractive method for drug delivery, as it avoids the hepatic and intestinal first-pass metabolism processes. Hyaluronic acid (HA) beneficial effects to the human body include anti-aging and wound healing but its effects on oral barrier integrity and mechanical function have not yet been investigated. In this study, we analyzed oral barrier integrity and the paracellular pathway of HA transportation in TR146 cell monolayers during and after permeation and using low molecular weight HA (LMW-HA, <100 kDa) and high molecular weight HA (HMW-HA, >500 kDa). Cytotoxicity assays in TR146 cells revealed that neither LMW-HA or HMW-HA altered cell viability at concentrations <0.5 % during 24 h of treatment. HA-treated TR146 cell monolayers showed enhanced oral barrier integrity and reduced apparent permeability of fluorescein. Moreover, HA significantly increased tight junction (TJ)-related genes expression, including ZO-2, marvelD3, cingulin, claudin-1, claudin-3, and claudin-4 expression. Overall, the results of the present study indicate that HA can permeate across the oral barrier and enhance oral barrier function via the upregulated expression of TJ-related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha-Young Park
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup 56212, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dong-Keon Kweon
- Jinwoo Bio Co., Ltd., Giheung-gu, Yongin-si 17111, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Kyung Kim
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup 56212, Republic of Korea.
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12
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Choi K, Park SY, Kwon Y, Lee J, Kwon O, Kim JY. Green tea extract and Piper retrofractum attenuate deoxycholic acid-induced damage and enhance the tight junction barrier: An analysis in a Caco-2 cell culture model and a DSS coinduced mouse model. FOOD BIOSCI 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2023.102416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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13
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Bonetti A, Piva A, Grilli E. Botanicals as a zinc oxide alternative to protect intestinal cells from an Escherichia coli F4 infection in vitro by modulation of enterocyte inflammatory response and bacterial virulence. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1141561. [PMID: 36968476 PMCID: PMC10033929 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1141561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Pharmacological doses of zinc oxide (ZnO) have been widely used in pig industry to control post-weaning diarrhea (PWD) symptoms exacerbated by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli F4 infections. Because of environmental issues and regulatory restrictions, ZnO is no longer sustainable, and novel nutritional alternatives to manage PWD are urgently required. Botanicals represent a wide class of compounds employed in animal nutrition because of their diverse beneficial functions. The aim of this study was to investigate the in vitro protective action of a panel of essential oils and natural extracts on intestinal Caco-2 cells against an E. coli F4 infection. Moreover, we explored the potential mechanisms of action of all the botanicals compared to ZnO. Amongst the others, thyme essential oil, grape seed extract, and Capsicum oleoresin were the most effective in maintaining epithelial integrity and reducing bacterial translocation. Their mechanism of action was related to the modulation of cellular inflammatory response, the protection of tight junctions' expression and function, and the control of bacterial virulence, thus resembling the positive functions of ZnO. Moreover, despite their mild effects on the host side, ginger and tea tree essential oils provided promising results in the control of pathogen adhesion when employed during the challenge. These outcomes support the advantages of employing selected botanicals to manage E. coli F4 infections in vitro, therefore offering novel environmentally-friendly alternatives to pharmacological doses of ZnO capable to modulate host-pathogen interaction at different levels during PWD in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Bonetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Veterinarie, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Piva
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Veterinarie, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Vetagro S.p.A., Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Ester Grilli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Veterinarie, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Vetagro Inc., Chicago, IL, United States
- *Correspondence: Ester Grilli
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14
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Abdul Khaliq H, Alhouayek M, Quetin-Leclercq J, Muccioli GG. 5'AMP-activated protein kinase: an emerging target of phytochemicals to treat chronic inflammatory diseases. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:4763-4788. [PMID: 36450301 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2145264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is a defensive response of the organism to traumatic, infectious, toxic, ischemic, and autoimmune injury. Inflammatory mediators are released to effectively eliminate the inflammatory trigger and restore homeostasis. However, failure of these processes can lead to chronic inflammatory conditions and diseases such as inflammatory bowel diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory lung diseases, atherosclerosis, and neurodegenerative diseases. The cure of chronic inflammatory diseases remains challenging as current therapies have various limitations, such as pronounced side effects, progressive loss of efficacy, and high cost especially for biologics. In this context, phytochemicals (such as alkaloids, flavonoids, lignans, phenolic acids, saponins, terpenoids, and other classes) are considered as an interesting alternative approach. Among the numerous targets of phytochemicals, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) can be considered as an interesting target in the context of inflammation. AMPK regulates inflammatory response by inhibiting inflammatory pathways (NF-κB, JAK/STAT, and MAPK) and regulating several other processes of the inflammatory response (oxidative stress, autophagy, and apoptosis). In this review, we summarize and discuss the studies focusing on phytochemicals that showed beneficial effects by blocking different inflammatory pathways implicating AMPK activation in chronic inflammatory disease models. We also highlight elements to consider when investigating AMPK in the context of phytochemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafiz Abdul Khaliq
- Pharmacognosy Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Bioanalysis and Pharmacology of Bioactive Lipids Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Mireille Alhouayek
- Bioanalysis and Pharmacology of Bioactive Lipids Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Joëlle Quetin-Leclercq
- Pharmacognosy Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Giulio G Muccioli
- Bioanalysis and Pharmacology of Bioactive Lipids Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
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15
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Phenol-Rich Botanicals Modulate Oxidative Stress and Epithelial Integrity in Intestinal Epithelial Cells. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12172188. [PMID: 36077907 PMCID: PMC9454507 DOI: 10.3390/ani12172188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Botanicals are mainly known for their role as antimicrobials and anti-inflammatories. Thus, the dual purpose of the study was to verify the antioxidant potential of the tested botanicals and to evaluate their possible modulation of intestinal barrier integrity. As the effects of various phenol-rich extracts were screened, the human Caco-2 cell line was determined to be most suitable for use as the in vitro model for the intestinal epithelium. The tested botanicals, all approved as feed additives, are ginger essential oil, tea tree oil, grape seed extract, green tea extract, olive extract, chestnut extract, pomegranate extract, thyme essential oil, and capsicum oleoresin. The cells were treated with incremental doses of each botanical, followed by measurements of transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER), gene expression of tight junctions (TJs), and reactive oxygen species (ROS). The results showed how different phenol-rich botanicals could modulate barrier functions and oxidative stress in different ways. Interestingly, all the botanicals tested exerted an antioxidant potential by dropping the cytoplasmatic ROS, while the beneficial effect was exerted at different concentrations for each botanical. Our data support the role of plant extracts and essential oils in controlling gut barrier function and in reducing the negative effects of oxidative stress in intestinal epithelial cells, thereby supporting gut barrier functionality.
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Huang T, Che Q, Chen X, Chen D, Yu B, He J, Chen H, Yan H, Zheng P, Luo Y, Huang Z. Apple Polyphenols Improve Intestinal Antioxidant Capacity and Barrier Function by Activating the Nrf2/Keap1 Signaling Pathway in a Pig Model. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:7576-7585. [PMID: 35679090 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c02495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the function of plant polyphenols to improve the intestinal barrier has been fully demonstrated. However, the exact mechanisms linking plant polyphenols with the intestinal barrier function have not yet been established. Apple polyphenols (APs) are safe and healthy nutrients, which are extracted from apples and their byproducts. Using pig and IPEC-J2 cell models, this study investigated the effects of dietary AP supplementation on intestinal antioxidant capacity and barrier function. Then, we further explored the role of the Nrf2/Keap1 signaling pathway in maintaining intestinal antioxidant capacity and barrier function. Our study found that dietary AP supplementation improved the intestinal mechanical barrier by promoting the intestinal morphology and intestinal tight junction protein expression, improved the intestinal immune barrier by increasing intestinal secretory immunoglobulin A production, and improved the intestinal biological barrier by increasing probiotics and decreasing the Escherichia coli population. Further research found that dietary AP supplementation increased the intestinal antioxidant capacity and activated the Nrf2/Keap1 signaling pathway. Finally, after treatment with Nrf2-specific inhibitor ML-385, the upregulation effect of APs on antioxidant capacity and tight junction protein expression was reduced in IPEC-J2 cells. Our results suggested that APs promoted intestinal antioxidant capacity and barrier function via the Nrf2/Keap1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengteng Huang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P. R. China
| | - Qiangjun Che
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoling Chen
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P. R. China
| | - Daiwen Chen
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P. R. China
| | - Bing Yu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P. R. China
| | - Jun He
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P. R. China
| | - Hong Chen
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan, Sichuan 625014, P. R. China
| | - Hui Yan
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P. R. China
| | - Ping Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P. R. China
| | - Yuheng Luo
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P. R. China
| | - Zhiqing Huang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P. R. China
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17
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Protective Effects of Oxyberberine in 5-Fluorouracil-Induced Intestinal Mucositis in the Mice Model. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:1238358. [PMID: 35677366 PMCID: PMC9170416 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1238358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Berberine (BBR), a major active constituent of Rhizoma coptidis, was reported to exert beneficial effects on intestinal mucositis (IM) induced by 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). However, the bioavailability of BBR is extremely low, and its metabolites were perceived to contribute to its prominent pharmacological activities. Oxyberberine (OBB) is a gut metabolite of BBR, which has been reported to have a superior anti-inflammatory effect in experimental colitis. However, its anti-inflammatory effects against 5-FU-induced IM mice have not yet been investigated. Hence, the purpose of this study was to reveal the protective effects of OBB on IM induced by 5-FU and investigate its potential underlying mechanism. The IM mice model was induced by receiving 5-FU (60 mg/kg, i.p.) for five days. Meanwhile, BBR (50 mg/kg) and OBB (12.5, 25, and 50 mg/kg) were given prior to 30 min intraperitoneal injection of 5-FU for seven days. Results indicated that OBB ameliorated body weight loss, anorexia, diarrhea, and histopathological damage in 5-FU-induced IM mice. After OBB administration, the amounts of MDA, SOD, and GSH altered by IM were remarkably restored. OBB was also observed to dramatically decrease the levels of TNF-α, IL-8, IL-6, COX-2, and iNOS and promote the release of IL-10. Besides, OBB distinctly upregulated the mRNA expressions of PCNA, ZO-1, occludin, and mucin-1, which could improve intestinal homeostasis in IM mice. OBB also blocked the activation of the upstream TLR4/MyD88 signaling pathway, and then it inhibited the phosphorylation of the NF-κB and MAPK pathways. Importantly, compared with BBR, OBB displayed a superior therapeutic effect to BBR in alleviating 5-FU-induced IM mice. These results indicated that OBB has considerable potential to become a novel candidate drug against IM.
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18
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Tea phenolics as prebiotics. Trends Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2022.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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19
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Truong VL, Jeong WS. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory roles of tea polyphenols in inflammatory bowel diseases. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2021.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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20
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Latek U, Chłopecka M, Karlik W, Mendel M. Phytogenic Compounds for Enhancing Intestinal Barrier Function in Poultry-A Review. PLANTA MEDICA 2022; 88:218-236. [PMID: 34331305 DOI: 10.1055/a-1524-0358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
After the European Union ban of antibiotic growth promoters, works on different methods of improving gut health have intensified. The poultry industry is struggling with problems that were previously controlled by antibiotic growth promoters, therefore the search for optimal solutions continues. Simultaneously, there is also increasing social pressure to minimize the use of antibiotics and replace them with alternative feed additives. A variety of available alternatives is considered safe by consumers, among which phytogenics play a significant role. However, there are still some limitations that need to be considered. The most questionable are the issues related to bioavailability, metabolism of plant derivatives in birds, and the difficulty of standardizing commercial products. There is still a need for more evidence-based recommendations for the use of phytogenics in livestock. On the other hand, a positive influence of phytogenic compounds on the health of poultry has been previously described by many researchers and practical application of these compounds has auspicious perspectives in poultry production. Supplementation with phytogenic feed additives has been shown to protect birds from various environmental threats leading to impaired intestinal barrier function. Phytogenic feed additives have the potential to improve the overall structure of intestinal mucosa as well as gut barrier function on a molecular level. Recognition of the phytogenics' effect on the components of the intestinal barrier may enable the selection of the most suitable ones to alleviate negative effects of different agents. This review aims to summarize current knowledge of the influence of various phytogenic constituents on the intestinal barrier and health of poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urszula Latek
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Chłopecka
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wojciech Karlik
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Mendel
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Warsaw, Poland
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21
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Prakash T, Janadri S. Anti-inflammatory effect of wedelolactone on DSS induced colitis in rats: IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathway. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2022:100544. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaim.2022.100544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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22
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Olivier S, Diounou H, Foretz M, Guilmeau S, Daniel N, Marette A, Rolli-Derkinderen M, Viollet B. [AMPK activity is a gatekeeper of the intestinal epithelial barrier]. Med Sci (Paris) 2022; 38:136-138. [PMID: 35179465 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2021251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Séverine Olivier
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, Inserm, CNRS, 24 rue du faubourg Saint-Jacques, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Hanna Diounou
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, Inserm, CNRS, 24 rue du faubourg Saint-Jacques, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Marc Foretz
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, Inserm, CNRS, 24 rue du faubourg Saint-Jacques, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Sandra Guilmeau
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, Inserm, CNRS, 24 rue du faubourg Saint-Jacques, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Noëmie Daniel
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, Inserm, CNRS, 24 rue du faubourg Saint-Jacques, 75014 Paris, France
| | - André Marette
- Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (IUCPQ) et Institut sur la nutrition et les aliments fonctionnels (INAF)
| | - Malvyne Rolli-Derkinderen
- Université de Nantes, Unité de recherche TENS (Le système nerveux entérique dans les maladies de l'intestin et du cerveau), Inserm, 44093 Nantes, France
| | - Benoit Viollet
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, Inserm, CNRS, 24 rue du faubourg Saint-Jacques, 75014 Paris, France
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23
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Shi M, Yue Y, Ma C, Dong L, Chen F. Pasteurized Akkermansia muciniphila Ameliorate the LPS-Induced Intestinal Barrier Dysfunction via Modulating AMPK and NF-κB through TLR2 in Caco-2 Cells. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14040764. [PMID: 35215413 PMCID: PMC8879293 DOI: 10.3390/nu14040764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Akkermansia muciniphila is well known for the amelioration of inflammatory responses and restoration of intestinal barrier function. The beneficial effect of A. muciniphila occurred through contacting Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) on intestinal epithelial cells by wall components. In this case, the downstream mechanism of pasteurized A. muciniphila stimulating TLR2 for ameliorated intestinal barrier function is worth investigating. In this study, we evaluated the effect of live and pasteurized A. muciniphila on protecting the barrier dysfunction of Caco-2 intestinal epithelial cells induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). We discovered that both live and pasteurized A. muciniphila could attenuate an inflammatory response and improve intestinal barrier integrity in Caco-2 monolayers. We demonstrated that A. muciniphila enhances AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation and inhibits Nuclear Factor-Kappa B (NF-κB) activation through the stimulation of TLR2. Overall, we provided a specific mechanism for the probiotic effect of A. muciniphila on the intestinal barrier function of Caco-2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxuan Shi
- National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Processing Ministry of Agriculture, Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (M.S.); (Y.Y.); (C.M.); (L.D.)
| | - Yunshuang Yue
- Beijing DaBeiNong Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chen Ma
- National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Processing Ministry of Agriculture, Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (M.S.); (Y.Y.); (C.M.); (L.D.)
| | - Li Dong
- National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Processing Ministry of Agriculture, Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (M.S.); (Y.Y.); (C.M.); (L.D.)
| | - Fang Chen
- National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Processing Ministry of Agriculture, Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (M.S.); (Y.Y.); (C.M.); (L.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-10-6273-7645
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24
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Matsui T. Polyphenols-absorption and occurrence in the body system. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.3136/fstr.fstr-d-21-00264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Toshiro Matsui
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduated School of Kyushu University
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25
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Wang K, Wu J, Chen S, Zhao H, He P, Tu Y, Li B. Transcriptome analysis provides insights into the anti-diabetic mechanism of theaflavins in high-fat diet and streptozotocin-induced mice. Food Funct 2022; 13:2033-2043. [DOI: 10.1039/d1fo03856g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Black tea exhibits potential to improve hyperglycemia and insulin resistance, and theaflavins (TFs) are one of its characteristic components. The aim of this study was to explore the anti-diabetic mechanism...
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26
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Hydroxyxanthone ameliorates IL1β-induced epithelial barrier disruption in colonic-like cells by down-regulation of p-MLC expression. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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27
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Kim MS, Kim YD, Kang S, Kwon O, Shin JH, Kim JY. Cinnamon(Cinnamomum japonicum) subcritical water extract suppresses gut damage induced by dextran sodium sulfate in mouse colitis model. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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28
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Qi L, Mao H, Lu X, Shi T, Wang J. Cinnamaldehyde Promotes the Intestinal Barrier Functions and Reshapes Gut Microbiome in Early Weaned Rats. Front Nutr 2021; 8:748503. [PMID: 34712688 PMCID: PMC8545821 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.748503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cinnamaldehyde is an aromatic aldehyde isolated from the essential oil of cinnamon. It has been proved to possess various bioactivities such as anti-inflammation, anti-bacteria and antihypertensive. Nevertheless, early weaning could lead to intestinal stress, causing a range of intestinal health problems. The aim of this study is to explore the effects of cinnamaldehyde on gut barrier integrity, inflammatory responses, and intestinal microbiome of early weaned rats. In this study, treatment with cinnamaldehyde (100 or 200 mg/kg bodyweight/day) for 2 weeks significantly promoted the production of mucins in the colonic epithelial tissue of rats. Cinnamaldehyde supplementation significantly upregulated the expression of Muc2, TFF3 and the tight junction proteins (ZO-1, claudin-1, and occludin). Hematoxylin and eosin staining results showed that colonic histopathological changes were recovered by cinnamaldehyde supplementation. The mRNA expression of IL-6 and TNF-α were significantly decreased in the cinnamaldehyde groups while the TNF-α protein levels were significantly decreased in the two cinnamaldehyde groups. Cinnamaldehyde treatment obviously attenuated the activation of NF-κB signaling pathway in rat colonic tissue and suppressed the production of inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, cinnamaldehyde supplementation remodeled the gut microbiome structure, at the genus level, Akkermansia, Bacteroides, Clostridium III, Psychrobacter, Intestinimonas were increased, whereas those of Ruminococcus, Escherichia/Shigella were obviously decreased in the cinnamaldehyde treated groups. These findings indicated that cinnamaldehyde could effectively enhance intestinal barrier integrity, ameliorate inflammatory responses and remodel gut microbiome in early weaned rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Qi
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo Tech University, Ningbo, China
| | - Haiguang Mao
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo Tech University, Ningbo, China
| | - Xiaohui Lu
- Ningbo Biomart Lifetech Co. Ltd, Ningbo, China
| | - Tingting Shi
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo Tech University, Ningbo, China
| | - Jinbo Wang
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo Tech University, Ningbo, China
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Fortea M, Albert-Bayo M, Abril-Gil M, Ganda Mall JP, Serra-Ruiz X, Henao-Paez A, Expósito E, González-Castro AM, Guagnozzi D, Lobo B, Alonso-Cotoner C, Santos J. Present and Future Therapeutic Approaches to Barrier Dysfunction. Front Nutr 2021; 8:718093. [PMID: 34778332 PMCID: PMC8582318 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.718093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
There is converging and increasing evidence, but also uncertainty, for the role of abnormal intestinal epithelial barrier function in the origin and development of a growing number of human gastrointestinal and extraintestinal inflammatory disorders, and their related complaints. Despite a vast literature addressing factors and mechanisms underlying changes in intestinal permeability in humans, and its connection to the appearance and severity of clinical symptoms, the ultimate link remains to be established in many cases. Accordingly, there are no directives or clinical guidelines related to the therapeutic management of intestinal permeability disorders that allow health professionals involved in the management of these patients to carry out a consensus treatment based on clinical evidence. Instead, there are multiple pseudoscientific approaches and commercial propaganda scattered on the internet that confuse those affected and health professionals and that often lack scientific rigor. Therefore, in this review we aim to shed light on the different therapeutic options, which include, among others, dietary management, nutraceuticals and medical devices, microbiota and drugs, and epigenetic and exosomes-manipulation, through an objective evaluation of the scientific publications in this field. Advances in the knowledge and management of intestinal permeability will sure enable better options of dealing with this group of common disorders to enhance quality of life of those affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Fortea
- Laboratory for Enteric NeuroScience, Translational Research Center for GastroIntestinal Disorders, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mercé Albert-Bayo
- Laboratory of Neuro-Immuno-Gastroenterology, Digestive System Research Unit, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mar Abril-Gil
- Laboratory of Neuro-Immuno-Gastroenterology, Digestive System Research Unit, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain
| | - John-Peter Ganda Mall
- Laboratory of Neuro-Immuno-Gastroenterology, Digestive System Research Unit, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Xavier Serra-Ruiz
- Department of Gastroenterology, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alejandro Henao-Paez
- Department of Gastroenterology, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elba Expósito
- Laboratory of Neuro-Immuno-Gastroenterology, Digestive System Research Unit, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana María González-Castro
- Laboratory of Neuro-Immuno-Gastroenterology, Digestive System Research Unit, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Danila Guagnozzi
- Laboratory of Neuro-Immuno-Gastroenterology, Digestive System Research Unit, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Gastroenterology, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain
- Facultad de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERHED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Lobo
- Laboratory of Neuro-Immuno-Gastroenterology, Digestive System Research Unit, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Gastroenterology, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain
- Facultad de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Carmen Alonso-Cotoner
- Laboratory of Neuro-Immuno-Gastroenterology, Digestive System Research Unit, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Gastroenterology, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain
- Facultad de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERHED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Santos
- Laboratory of Neuro-Immuno-Gastroenterology, Digestive System Research Unit, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Gastroenterology, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain
- Facultad de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERHED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Hayes HV, Wolfe V, O’Connor M, Levinsky NC, Piraino G, Zingarelli B. Deficiency of AMPKα1 Exacerbates Intestinal Injury and Remote Acute Lung Injury in Mesenteric Ischemia and Reperfusion in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9911. [PMID: 34576076 PMCID: PMC8468919 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenteric ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) injury can ensue from a variety of vascular diseases and represents a major cause of morbidity and mortality in intensive care units. It causes an inflammatory response associated with local gut dysfunction and remote organ injury. Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a crucial regulator of metabolic homeostasis. The catalytic α1 subunit is highly expressed in the intestine and vascular system. In loss-of-function studies, we investigated the biological role of AMPKα1 in affecting the gastrointestinal barrier function. Male knock-out (KO) mice with a systemic deficiency of AMPKα1 and wild-type (WT) mice were subjected to a 30 min occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery. Four hours after reperfusion, AMPKα1 KO mice exhibited exaggerated histological gut injury and impairment of intestinal permeability associated with marked tissue lipid peroxidation and a lower apical expression of the junction proteins occludin and E-cadherin when compared to WT mice. Lung injury with neutrophil sequestration was higher in AMPKα1 KO mice than WT mice and paralleled with higher plasma levels of syndecan-1, a biomarker of endothelial injury. Thus, the data demonstrate that AMPKα1 is an important requisite for epithelial and endothelial integrity and has a protective role in remote organ injury after acute ischemic events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah V. Hayes
- Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; (H.V.H.); (N.C.L.)
| | - Vivian Wolfe
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; (V.W.); (M.O.); (G.P.)
| | - Michael O’Connor
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; (V.W.); (M.O.); (G.P.)
| | - Nick C. Levinsky
- Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; (H.V.H.); (N.C.L.)
| | - Giovanna Piraino
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; (V.W.); (M.O.); (G.P.)
| | - Basilia Zingarelli
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; (V.W.); (M.O.); (G.P.)
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Guha S, Alvarez S, Majumder K. Transport of Dietary Anti-Inflammatory Peptide, γ-Glutamyl Valine (γ-EV), across the Intestinal Caco-2 Monolayer. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13051448. [PMID: 33923345 PMCID: PMC8145144 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study analyzed the transepithelial transport of the dietary anti-inflammatory peptide, γ-glutamyl valine (γ-EV). γ-EV is naturally found in dry edible beans. Our previous study demonstrated the anti-inflammatory potency of γ-EV against vascular inflammation at a concentration of 1mM, and that it can transport with the apparent permeability coefficient (Papp) of 1.56 × 10-6 ± 0.7 × 10-6 cm/s across the intestinal Caco-2 cells. The purpose of the current study was to explore whether the permeability of the peptide could be enhanced and to elucidate the mechanism of transport of γ-EV across Caco-2 cells. The initial results indicated that γ-EV was nontoxic to the Caco-2 cells up to 5 mM concentration and could be transported across the intestinal cells intact. During apical-to-basolateral transport, a higher peptide dose (5 mM) significantly (p < 0.01) enhanced the transport rate to 2.5 × 10-6 ± 0.6 × 10-6 cm/s. Cytochalasin-D disintegrated the tight-junction proteins of the Caco-2 monolayer and increased the Papp of γ-EV to 4.36 × 10-6 ± 0.16 × 10-6 cm/s (p < 0.001), while theaflavin 3'-gallate and Gly-Sar significantly decreased the Papp (p < 0.05), with wortmannin having no effects on the peptide transport, indicating that the transport route of γ-EV could be via both PepT1-mediated and paracellular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snigdha Guha
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-6205, USA;
| | - Sophie Alvarez
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility, Nebraska Center for Biotechnology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0665, USA;
| | - Kaustav Majumder
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-6205, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(402)-472-3510; Fax: +1-(402)-472-4474
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Engin AB. Combined Toxicity of Metal Nanoparticles: Comparison of Individual and Mixture Particles Effect. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1275:165-193. [PMID: 33539016 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-49844-3_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Toxicity of metal nanoparticles (NPs) are closely associated with increasing intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the levels of pro-inflammatory mediators. However, NP interactions and surface complexation reactions alter the original toxicity of individual NPs. To date, toxicity studies on NPs have mostly been focused on individual NPs instead of the combination of several species. It is expected that the amount of industrial and highway-acquired NPs released into the environment will further increase in the near future. This raises the possibility that various types of NPs could be found in the same medium, thereby, the adverse effects of each NP either could be potentiated, inhibited or remain unaffected by the presence of the other NPs. After uptake of NPs into the human body from various routes, protein kinases pathways mediate their toxicities. In this context, family of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) is mostly efficient. Despite each NP activates almost the same metabolic pathways, the toxicity induced by a single type of NP is different than the case of co-exposure to the combined NPs. The scantiness of toxicological data on NPs combinations displays difficulties to determine, if there is any risk associated with exposure to combined nanomaterials. Currently, in addition to mathematical analysis (Response surface methodology; RSM), the quantitative-structure-activity relationship (QSAR) is used to estimate the toxicity of various metal oxide NPs based on their physicochemical properties and levels applied. In this chapter, it is discussed whether the coexistence of multiple metal NPs alter the original toxicity of individual NP. Additionally, in the part of "Toxicity of diesel emission/exhaust particles (DEP)", the known individual toxicity of metal NPs within the DEP is compared with the data regarding toxicity of total DEP mixture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayse Basak Engin
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey.
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Kaur H, Moreau R. mTORC1 silencing during intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cell differentiation is mediated by the activation of the AMPK/TSC2 pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 545:183-188. [PMID: 33561653 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.01.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling is the prototypical pathway regulating protein synthesis and cell proliferation. The level of mTORC1 activity is high in intestinal stem cells located at the base of the crypts and thought to gradually decrease as transit-amplifying cells migrate out of the crypts and differentiate into enterocytes, goblet cells or enteroendocrine cells along the epithelium. The unknown mechanism responsible for the silencing of intestinal epithelium mTORC1 during cell differentiation was investigated in Caco-2 cells, which spontaneously differentiate into enterocytes in standard growth medium. The results show that TSC2, an upstream negative regulator of mTORC1 was central to mTORC1 silencing in differentiated Caco-2 cells. AMPK-mediated activation of TSC2 (Ser1387) and repression of Raptor (Ser792), an essential component of mTORC1, were stimulated in differentiated Caco-2 cells. ERK1/2-mediated repression of TSC2 (Ser664) seen in undifferentiated Caco-2 cells was lifted in differentiated cells. IRS-1-mediated activation of AKT (Thr308) phosphorylation was stimulated in differentiated Caco-2 cells and may be involved in cross-pathway repression of ERK1/2. Additionally, PRAS40 (Thr246) phosphorylation was decreased in differentiated Caco-2 cells compared to undifferentiated cells allowing dephosphorylated PRAS40 to displace Raptor thereby repressing mTORC1 kinase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harleen Kaur
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
| | - Régis Moreau
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA.
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Olivier S, Pochard C, Diounou H, Castillo V, Divoux J, Alcantara J, Leclerc J, Guilmeau S, Huet C, Charifi W, Varin TV, Daniel N, Foretz M, Neunlist M, Salomon BL, Ghosh P, Marette A, Rolli-Derkinderen M, Viollet B. Deletion of intestinal epithelial AMP-activated protein kinase alters distal colon permeability but not glucose homeostasis. Mol Metab 2021; 47:101183. [PMID: 33548500 PMCID: PMC7921883 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The intestinal epithelial barrier (IEB) restricts the passage of microbes and potentially harmful substances from the lumen through the paracellular space, and rupture of its integrity is associated with a variety of gastrointestinal disorders and extra-digestive diseases. Increased IEB permeability has been linked to disruption of metabolic homeostasis leading to obesity and type 2 diabetes. Interestingly, recent studies have uncovered compelling evidence that the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway plays an important role in maintaining epithelial cell barrier function. However, our understanding of the function of intestinal AMPK in regulating IEB and glucose homeostasis remains sparse. Methods We generated mice lacking the two α1 and α2 AMPK catalytic subunits specifically in intestinal epithelial cells (IEC AMPK KO) and determined the physiological consequences of intestinal-specific deletion of AMPK in response to high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity. We combined histological, functional, and integrative analyses to ascertain the effects of gut AMPK loss on intestinal permeability in vivo and ex vivo and on the development of obesity and metabolic dysfunction. We also determined the impact of intestinal AMPK deletion in an inducible mouse model (i-IEC AMPK KO) by measuring IEB function, glucose homeostasis, and the composition of gut microbiota via fecal 16S rRNA sequencing. Results While there were no differences in in vivo intestinal permeability in WT and IEC AMPK KO mice, ex vivo transcellular and paracellular permeability measured in Ussing chambers was significantly increased in the distal colon of IEC AMPK KO mice. This was associated with a reduction in pSer425 GIV phosphorylation, a marker of leaky gut barrier. However, the expression of tight junction proteins in intestinal epithelial cells and pro-inflammatory cytokines in the lamina propria were not different between genotypes. Although the HFD-fed AMPK KO mice displayed suppression of the stress polarity signaling pathway and a concomitant increase in colon permeability, loss of intestinal AMPK did not exacerbate body weight gain or adiposity. Deletion of AMPK was also not sufficient to alter glucose homeostasis or the acute glucose-lowering action of metformin in control diet (CD)- or HFD-fed mice. CD-fed i-IEC AMPK KO mice also presented higher permeability in the distal colon under homeostatic conditions but, surprisingly, this was not detected upon HFD feeding. Alteration in epithelial barrier function in the i-IEC AMPK KO mice was associated with a shift in the gut microbiota composition with higher levels of Clostridiales and Desulfovibrionales. Conclusions Altogether, our results revealed a significant role of intestinal AMPK in maintaining IEB integrity in the distal colon but not in regulating glucose homeostasis. Our data also highlight the complex interaction between gut microbiota and host AMPK. Deletion of intestinal AMPKα1 and α2 suppresses the stress-polarity signaling (SPS) pathway. Loss of the SPS pathway is associated with increased paracellular permeability in the distal colon. Intestinal AMPK is dispensable for the acute glucose-lowering action of metformin. Loss of intestinal AMPK alters the gut microbiota composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Séverine Olivier
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Camille Pochard
- University of Nantes, INSERM, TENS, The Enteric Nervous System in Gut and Brain Diseases, IMAD, Nantes, France
| | - Hanna Diounou
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Vanessa Castillo
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jordane Divoux
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI), Paris, France
| | - Joshua Alcantara
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jocelyne Leclerc
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Sandra Guilmeau
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Camille Huet
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Wafa Charifi
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Thibault V Varin
- Québec Heart and Lung Research Institute (IUCPQ) & Institute for Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Noëmie Daniel
- Québec Heart and Lung Research Institute (IUCPQ) & Institute for Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Marc Foretz
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Michel Neunlist
- University of Nantes, INSERM, TENS, The Enteric Nervous System in Gut and Brain Diseases, IMAD, Nantes, France
| | - Benoit L Salomon
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI), Paris, France
| | - Pradipta Ghosh
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - André Marette
- Québec Heart and Lung Research Institute (IUCPQ) & Institute for Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Malvyne Rolli-Derkinderen
- University of Nantes, INSERM, TENS, The Enteric Nervous System in Gut and Brain Diseases, IMAD, Nantes, France.
| | - Benoit Viollet
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, F-75014 Paris, France.
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Dias R, Pereira CB, Pérez-Gregorio R, Mateus N, Freitas V. Recent advances on dietary polyphenol's potential roles in Celiac Disease. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2020.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Theaflavins inhibit glucose transport across Caco-2 cells through the downregulation of the Ca2+/AMP-activated protein kinase-mediated glucose transporter SGLT1. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.104273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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Liu X, Liang F, Zhang J, Li Z, Yang J, Kang N. Hyperbaric Oxygen Treatment Improves Intestinal Barrier Function After Spinal Cord Injury in Rats. Front Neurol 2020; 11:563281. [PMID: 33178107 PMCID: PMC7593681 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.563281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal barrier dysfunction is often observed clinically after spinal cord injury (SCI) and seriously affects long-term quality of life. Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) treatment has been proved to promote barrier function recovery after injury, but the influence of HBO on intestinal barrier function following SCI is unclear. We aimed to investigate the effect and mechanisms of HBO treatment on intestinal barrier function by measuring the level of tight junction (TJ) proteins and the Ras homolog (Rho)/Rho-associated coiled-coil forming protein kinase (ROCK) signaling pathway. SCI model was established in rats, and the animals were randomly assigned into three groups: sham-operation group (SH), SCI group and SCI+HBO group. In the SCI+HBO group, the rats inhaled 100% O2 for 1 h at 2.0 atmospheres absolute pressure (ATA) once per day after surgery. Neurological function and intestinal permeability were assessed after surgery, and the jejunum tissue was excised for histological and intestinal barrier function evaluations. The protein levels of TJ and the Rho/ROCK signaling pathway were also measured. The results showed that in the SCI group, intestinal mucosal injury score, intestinal permeability, and levels of Rho and ROCK1 were higher, and TJ proteins occludin and ZO-1 were lower than those in the SH group (P < 0.01). HBO treatment significantly inhibited the expression of Rho and ROCK1, increased occludin and ZO-1 expression, decreased intestinal permeability, and alleviated intestinal mucosal injury as compared with the SCI group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). The SCI+HBO group showed higher Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan (BBB) scores relative to the SCI group on postoperative days 7 and 14 (P < 0.01). There was a significant negative correlation between BBB score and intestinal mucosal injury score in rats after HBO treatment (P < 0.05). We concluded from this study that HBO treatment promoted the expression of TJ proteins possibly through inhibiting Rho/ROCK signaling pathway, which protected the intestinal barrier function and improved the intestinal permeability after SCI in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehua Liu
- Department of Hyperbaric Oxygen Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Liang
- Department of Hyperbaric Oxygen Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Hyperbaric Oxygen Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuo Li
- Department of Hyperbaric Oxygen Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Hyperbaric Oxygen Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Kang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Nature-Identical Compounds and Organic Acids Ameliorate and Prevent the Damages Induced by an Inflammatory Challenge in Caco-2 Cell Culture. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25184296. [PMID: 32961674 PMCID: PMC7570934 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25184296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Bioactive compounds, such as organic acids (OA) and nature-identical compounds (NIC), can exert a role in the protection of intestinal mucosa functionality due to their biological properties. The aim of this study was to understand the role of 2 OA (citric and sorbic acid) and 2 NIC (thymol and vanillin), alone or combined in a blend (OA + NIC), on intestinal barrier functionality, either during homeostatic condition or during an inflammatory challenge performed with pro-inflammatory cytokines and lipopolysaccharides (LPS). The study was performed on the human epithelial cell line Caco-2, a well-known model of the intestinal epithelial barrier. The results showed how OA and NIC alone can improve transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and mRNA levels of tight junction (TJ) components, but OA + NIC showed stronger efficacy compared to the single molecules. When an inflammatory challenge occurred, OA + NIC blend was able both to ameliorate, and prevent, damage caused by the pro-inflammatory stimulus, reducing or preventing the drop in TEER and improving the TJ mRNA expression. The data support the role of OA + NIC in modulating gut barrier functionality and reducing the negative effects of inflammation in intestinal epithelial cells, thereby supporting the gut barrier functionality.
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The effect of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and its extracellular vesicles on the permeability of intestinal epithelial cells and expression of PPARs and ANGPTL4 in the Caco-2 cell culture model. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2020; 19:1061-1069. [PMID: 33520823 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-020-00605-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives Gut microbiota such as Faecalibacterium prausnitzii play a major role in the regulation of gut barrier, inflammation and metabolic functions. Microbiota-derived extracellular vehicles (EVs) have been recently introduced as functional units mediating the eukaryotic and prokaryotic cell-microbiota interactions. In this paper, the effect of F. prausnitzii and its EVs on mRNA expression levels of tight junction genes (ZO1 and OCLN) as well as PPARs and ANGPTL4 genes in the human epithelial colorectal adenocarcinoma (Caco-2) cell line was evaluated. Methods F. prausnitzii was cultured on the Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) broth medium under anaerobic conditions, and its EVs were extracted by ultracentrifugation. This bacterium and its EVs were treated on the Caco-2 cells. After 24 h, the expression of the genes encoding TJ proteins such as ZO1 and OCLN, PPARs and ANGPTL4 was evaluated by quantitative real-time PCR. Results Unlike F. prausnitzii, its EVs significantly increased the expression of ZO1 and OCLN genes, and PPARα, PPARγ and PPARβ/δ genes (except at a concentration of 100 µg/ml) as well as ANGPTL4 gene. Conclusions The results of this study demonstrated that F. prausnitzii-derived EVs increased the intestinal barrier permeability via TJs (ZO1 and OCLN) as well as PPAR-α, PPAR-γ and PPAR β/δ genes and their targeted gene (ANGPTL4) in the Caco-2 cell line. Accordingly, it is suggested that F. prausnitzii-derived EVs can be considered as a new bacterial postbiotic to cure dysbiosis-associated diseases including obesity and its related metabolic dysfunctions, according to the leaky gut hypothesis.
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Li J, Liu Y, Xue R, Shen H, Wu Y, Quinn M, Zhang H, Wu W. Inflammation-related downregulation of zonula Occludens-1 in fetal membrane contributes to development of prelabor rupture of membranes. Placenta 2020; 99:173-179. [PMID: 32810765 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2020.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this research was to study the alteration of three key tight junction proteins, to explore whether they were involved in the occurrence of prelabor rupture of the membrane (PROM) and to determine the correlation with intrauterine infection. METHODS A total of 208 women were enrolled between January 2015 to December 2018, including those with preterm and term PROM (PROM group) and normal pregnancies with intact fetal membrane (control group). We investigated the expressions of three key TJ molecules (Zonula occludens-1, Occludin and Claudin-5) in fetal membranes. The localization and expression of Zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) in the amnion and chorion were studied by immunohistochemistry assay. The associations between ZO-1 expression levels and extent of inflammatory reactions as well as other obstetric characteristics were further studied using Spearman's rank correlation test and Mann-Whitney U test. RESULTS ZO-1 was significantly downregulated in PROM group compared with control group (P < 0.001), whereas no significant changes were found for Occludin and Claudin-5. ZO-1 expression was reduced in the chorion and amnion layers in PROM group compared with that in control group, which showed a significant difference (P < 0.01), but no significant differences were observed between the preterm PROM and term PROM groups (P > 0.05). The expression levels of ZO-1 in the chorion were negatively correlated with the stage/grade of acute chorioamnionitis (P < 0.05). DISCUSSION Our study suggests that inflammation-related downregulation of ZO-1 might be a pivotal event in the occurrence of PROM, which helps to clarify the mechanism of membrane rupture caused by infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Li
- Departments of Pathology, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Departments of Pathology, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruihong Xue
- Departments of Obstetrics, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Shen
- Departments of Obstetrics, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Wu
- Departments of Neonatology, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Martin Quinn
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Huijuan Zhang
- Departments of Pathology, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Disease, Shanghai, China.
| | - Weibin Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Disease, Shanghai, China; Departments of Biobank, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Angé M, Castanares-Zapatero D, De Poortere J, Dufeys C, Courtoy GE, Bouzin C, Quarck R, Bertrand L, Beauloye C, Horman S. α1AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Protects against Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Endothelial Barrier Disruption via Junctional Reinforcement and Activation of the p38 MAPK/HSP27 Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155581. [PMID: 32759774 PMCID: PMC7432762 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular hyperpermeability is a determinant factor in the pathophysiology of sepsis. While, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is known to play a role in maintaining endothelial barrier function in this condition. Therefore, we investigated the underlying molecular mechanisms of this protective effect. α1AMPK expression and/or activity was modulated in human dermal microvascular endothelial cells using either α1AMPK-targeting small interfering RNA or the direct pharmacological AMPK activator 991, prior to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment. Western blotting was used to analyze the expression and/or phosphorylation of proteins that compose cellular junctions (zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), vascular endothelial cadherin (VE-Cad), connexin 43 (Cx43)) or that regulate actin cytoskeleton (p38 MAPK; heat shock protein 27 (HSP27)). Functional endothelial permeability was assessed by in vitro Transwell assays, and quantification of cellular junctions in the plasma membrane was assessed by immunofluorescence. Actin cytoskeleton remodeling was evaluated through actin fluorescent staining. We consequently demonstrate that α1AMPK deficiency is associated with reduced expression of CX43, ZO-1, and VE-Cad, and that the drastic loss of CX43 is likely responsible for the subsequent decreased expression and localization of ZO-1 and VE-Cad in the plasma membrane. Moreover, α1AMPK activation by 991 protects against LPS-induced endothelial barrier disruption by reinforcing cortical actin cytoskeleton. This is due to a mechanism that involves the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and HSP27, which is nonetheless independent of the small GTPase Rac1. This results in a drastic decrease of LPS-induced hyperpermeability. We conclude that α1AMPK activators that are suitable for clinical use may provide a specific therapeutic intervention that limits sepsis-induced vascular leakage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Angé
- Pôle de Recherche Cardiovasculaire (CARD), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (M.A.); (D.C.-Z.); (J.D.P.); (C.D.); (L.B.); (C.B.)
| | - Diego Castanares-Zapatero
- Pôle de Recherche Cardiovasculaire (CARD), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (M.A.); (D.C.-Z.); (J.D.P.); (C.D.); (L.B.); (C.B.)
- Division of Intensive Care, Cliniques Universitaires Saint Luc, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Julien De Poortere
- Pôle de Recherche Cardiovasculaire (CARD), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (M.A.); (D.C.-Z.); (J.D.P.); (C.D.); (L.B.); (C.B.)
| | - Cécile Dufeys
- Pôle de Recherche Cardiovasculaire (CARD), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (M.A.); (D.C.-Z.); (J.D.P.); (C.D.); (L.B.); (C.B.)
| | - Guillaume E. Courtoy
- IREC Imaging Platform, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (G.E.C.); (C.B.)
| | - Caroline Bouzin
- IREC Imaging Platform, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (G.E.C.); (C.B.)
| | - Rozenn Quarck
- Department of Chronic Diseases & Metabolism (CHROMETA), Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases & Thoracic Surgery (BREATHE), KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
| | - Luc Bertrand
- Pôle de Recherche Cardiovasculaire (CARD), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (M.A.); (D.C.-Z.); (J.D.P.); (C.D.); (L.B.); (C.B.)
| | - Christophe Beauloye
- Pôle de Recherche Cardiovasculaire (CARD), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (M.A.); (D.C.-Z.); (J.D.P.); (C.D.); (L.B.); (C.B.)
- Division of Cardiology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sandrine Horman
- Pôle de Recherche Cardiovasculaire (CARD), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (M.A.); (D.C.-Z.); (J.D.P.); (C.D.); (L.B.); (C.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +32-2-764-55-66
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Iftikhar M, Iftikhar A, Zhang H, Gong L, Wang J. Transport, metabolism and remedial potential of functional food extracts (FFEs) in Caco-2 cells monolayer: A review. Food Res Int 2020; 136:109240. [PMID: 32846508 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Caco-2, a human intestinal carcinoma cell line, has been used to test the absorption and transport mechanism of functional foods and drugs across the intestinal epithelium in order to study their antioxidant, anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities. Caco-2 cells represent the morphological and functional characteristics of small intestinal cells and capable of expressing brush borders, tight junctions, intestinal efflux and uptake transporters which regulate permeation of drugs and functional food extracts from intestinal lumen to systemic circulation. The integrity of the Caco-2 monolayer is controlled by establishing the TEER between 200 and 1000 O per cm2. FFEs affect intestinal permeability by adjusting the tight junction proteins between the cells in order to maintain the epithelial barrier function. Because of the side effects of medicines, there is an increased interest in functional food extracts (FFEs) as drug substitutes. Functional foods undergo intricate transport processes and biotransformation after oral administration. Metabolism and transport studies of FFEs in Caco-2 cells are very important for determining their bioavailability. Functional foods and their constituents produce anti-proliferative and anti-cancer effects through apoptosis, cell cycle arrest and inhibition of various signal transduction pathways across Caco-2 cell lines. The current review has summarized the anti-inflammation, anticancer, antioxidant and cholesterol lowering potential of FFEs using Caco-2 cells through reducing local inflammatory signals, production of ROS and lipid accumulation. The transport, bioavailability, metabolism, mechanisms of actions, cellular pathways adopted by FFEs across Caco-2 cell lines are predominantly affected by their molecular weight, structures and physicochemical properties. These studies are beneficial for investigating the different mechanisms of action of FFEs in the human body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Iftikhar
- Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health, Beijing Technology & Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Asra Iftikhar
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Faisalabad (TUF), Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Huijuan Zhang
- Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health, Beijing Technology & Business University, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Lingxiao Gong
- Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health, Beijing Technology & Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health, Beijing Technology & Business University, Beijing 100048, China.
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Sharma S, Tripathi P, Sharma J, Dixit A. Flavonoids modulate tight junction barrier functions in hyperglycemic human intestinal Caco-2 cells. Nutrition 2020; 78:110792. [PMID: 32473529 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2020.110792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 01/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease requiring lifelong medical attention. With hundreds of millions suffering worldwide and a rapidly rising incidence, diabetes mellitus poses a great burden on health care systems. Recent studies investigating the underlying mechanisms involved in disease development in diabetes point to the role of the dysregulation of the intestinal barrier. Hyperglycemia-mediated tight junction deformity is known to contribute to leaky gut in various metabolic disorders. The present study aimed to investigate the role of oxidative stress on intestinal epithelial tight junction (TJ) barrier functions in hyperglycemia. Because many flavonoids are known to influence the cellular redox state, exploring these flavonoids may help to understand the role of TJ barrier in hyperglycemia-mediated oxidative stress, which in turn might unfold the association of oxidative stress and dysfunction of barrier-forming TJs. METHODS Caco-2 cells were stimulated with high glucose (HG), with or without flavonoids (quercetin, morin, naringenin), for 24 h. We determined cellular viability, levels of reactive oxygen species, and mitochondrial membrane potential in flavonoids treated HG-Caco-2 cells. The levels of the proinflammatory cytokines, glucose uptake, and expression of glucose transporters were determined on flavonoids treatment. We investigated the effect of flavonoids on TJs functions by measuring transepithelial electrical resistance (a TJ integrity marker), membrane permeability using tracer compounds, and the expressions levels of TJs related molecules on hyperglycemic Caco-2 cell monolayers. RESULTS We found that high glucose treatment resulted in reduced cell viability, increased reactive oxygen species production, measurable mitochondrial dysfunction, and decreased transepithelial electrical resistance, with increased membrane permeability. Treatment with the test flavonoids produced increased cell viability and reduced glucose uptake of HG-Caco-2 cells. A concomitant decrease in reactive oxygen species production, proinflammatory cytokines, and Glut-associated genes and proteins were identified with flavonoid treatment. Flavonoids prevented derangement of TJs protein interaction and stabilized membrane permeability. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that flavonoids confer protection against hyperglycemia-mediated oxidative stress and enhance intestinal barrier functions by modulating underlying intracellular molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sapna Sharma
- Gene Regulation Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Prabhanshu Tripathi
- Translational Health Science, and Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, India
| | - Jeetesh Sharma
- Gene Regulation Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Aparna Dixit
- Gene Regulation Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India.
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Bernardi S, Del Bo' C, Marino M, Gargari G, Cherubini A, Andrés-Lacueva C, Hidalgo-Liberona N, Peron G, González-Dominguez R, Kroon P, Kirkup B, Porrini M, Guglielmetti S, Riso P. Polyphenols and Intestinal Permeability: Rationale and Future Perspectives. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:1816-1829. [PMID: 31265272 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b02283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence links intestinal permeability (IP), a feature of the intestinal barrier, to several pathological or dysfunctional conditions. Several host and environmental factors, including dietary factors, can affect the maintenance of normal IP. In this regard, food bioactives, such as polyphenols, have been proposed as potential IP modulators, even if the mechanisms involved are not yet fully elucidated. The aim of the present paper is to provide a short overview of the main evidence from in vitro and in vivo studies supporting the role of polyphenols in modulating IP and briefly discuss future perspectives in this research area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Bernardi
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS) , Università degli Studi di Milano , 20122 Milan , Italy
| | - Cristian Del Bo'
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS) , Università degli Studi di Milano , 20122 Milan , Italy
| | - Mirko Marino
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS) , Università degli Studi di Milano , 20122 Milan , Italy
| | - Giorgio Gargari
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS) , Università degli Studi di Milano , 20122 Milan , Italy
| | - Antonio Cherubini
- Geriatria, Accettazione Geriatrica e Centro di Ricerca per l'Invecchiamento , Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS)-l'Istituto Nazionale Ricovero e Cura Anziani (INRCA) , 60127 Ancona , Italy
| | - Cristina Andrés-Lacueva
- Biomarkers and Nutrimetabolomics Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, Food Technology Reference Net (XaRTA), Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute (INSA), Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences , University of Barcelona , 08028 Barcelona , Spain
- CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERfes) , Instituto de Salud Carlos III , 08028 Barcelona , Spain
| | - Nicole Hidalgo-Liberona
- Biomarkers and Nutrimetabolomics Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, Food Technology Reference Net (XaRTA), Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute (INSA), Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences , University of Barcelona , 08028 Barcelona , Spain
- CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERfes) , Instituto de Salud Carlos III , 08028 Barcelona , Spain
| | - Gregorio Peron
- Biomarkers and Nutrimetabolomics Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, Food Technology Reference Net (XaRTA), Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute (INSA), Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences , University of Barcelona , 08028 Barcelona , Spain
- CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERfes) , Instituto de Salud Carlos III , 08028 Barcelona , Spain
| | - Raúl González-Dominguez
- Biomarkers and Nutrimetabolomics Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, Food Technology Reference Net (XaRTA), Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute (INSA), Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences , University of Barcelona , 08028 Barcelona , Spain
- CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERfes) , Instituto de Salud Carlos III , 08028 Barcelona , Spain
| | - Paul Kroon
- Quadram Institute Bioscience , Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UQ , United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin Kirkup
- Quadram Institute Bioscience , Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UQ , United Kingdom
| | - Marisa Porrini
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS) , Università degli Studi di Milano , 20122 Milan , Italy
| | - Simone Guglielmetti
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS) , Università degli Studi di Milano , 20122 Milan , Italy
| | - Patrizia Riso
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS) , Università degli Studi di Milano , 20122 Milan , Italy
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Berberine regulates fecal metabolites to ameliorate 5-fluorouracil induced intestinal mucositis through modulating gut microbiota. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 124:109829. [PMID: 31958765 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.109829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Berberine (BBR) is an isoquinoline alkaloid, which has been used in the treatment of intestinal mucositis. However, BBR on chemotherapy-induced mucositis in cancer patients remains largely unknown. Here, we investigated the effect of BBR on intestinal mucositis induced by 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu) using rat model. We detected the degree of intestinal mucosal damage and inflammatory response in 5-Fu treated rats with or without BBR administration, and investigated the changes of fecal metabolites and gut microbiota using 1H NMR spectroscopy and 16S rRNA. The mechanism was further explored by fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT). Results showed that BBR treated rats displayed less weight loss, lower diarrhea score and longer colon length in 5-Fu treated rats. Meanwhile, BBR treatment significantly increased the expression of Occludin in ileum and decreased the d-lactate content in serum. Moreover, the expression of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in ileum were suppressed by BBR treatment. The pattern of fecal metabolism changed obviously after treated with 5-Fu, which was reversed by BBR. Importantly, BBR significantly increased the levels of butyrate and glutamine in feces from 5-Fu treated rats. In terms of gut microbiota, BBR enriched the relative abundance of Firmicutes and decreased Proteobacteria at the phylum level. Meanwhile, BBR increased the propotion of unclassified_f_ Porphyromonadaceae, unclassified_f_ Lachnospiraceae, Lactobacillus, unclassified_o_ Clostridiales, Ruminococcus, Prevotella, Clostridium IV, and decreased Escherichia/Shigella at the genera level. Furthermore, principal component analysis (PCA) showed that fecal transplantation led to changes in fecal metabolites. Fecal transplantation from BBR treated rats had low diarrhea score, reduced inflammatory response in ileum, and relieved intestinal mucosal injury, which may be caused by the increased of butyrate level in fecal metabolites. In conclusion, our study provides evidence that BBR regulates fecal metabolites to ameliorate 5-Fu induced intestinal mucositis by modifying gut microbiota.
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Reciprocal Association between the Apical Junctional Complex and AMPK: A Promising Therapeutic Target for Epithelial/Endothelial Barrier Function? Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20236012. [PMID: 31795328 PMCID: PMC6928779 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20236012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial/endothelial cells adhere to each other via cell–cell junctions including tight junctions (TJs) and adherens junctions (AJs). TJs and AJs are spatiotemporally and functionally integrated, and are thus often collectively defined as apical junctional complexes (AJCs), regulating a number of spatiotemporal events including paracellular barrier, selective permeability, apicobasal cell polarity, mechano-sensing, intracellular signaling cascades, and epithelial morphogenesis. Over the past 15 years, it has been acknowledged that adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a well-known central regulator of energy metabolism, has a reciprocal association with AJCs. Here, we review the current knowledge of this association and show the following evidences: (1) as an upstream regulator, AJs activate the liver kinase B1 (LKB1)–AMPK axis particularly in response to applied junctional tension, and (2) TJ function and apicobasal cell polarization are downstream targets of AMPK and are promoted by AMPK activation. Although molecular mechanisms underlying these phenomena have not yet been completely elucidated, identifications of novel AMPK effectors in AJCs and AMPK-driven epithelial transcription factors have enhanced our knowledge. More intensive studies along this line would eventually lead to the development of AMPK-based therapies, enabling us to manipulate epithelial/endothelial barrier function.
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Olivier S, Leclerc J, Grenier A, Foretz M, Tamburini J, Viollet B. AMPK Activation Promotes Tight Junction Assembly in Intestinal Epithelial Caco-2 Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E5171. [PMID: 31635305 PMCID: PMC6829419 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20205171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is principally known as a major regulator of cellular energy status, but it has been recently shown to play a key structural role in cell-cell junctions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of AMPK activation on the reassembly of tight junctions in intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cells. We generated Caco-2 cells invalidated for AMPK α1/α2 (AMPK dKO) by CRISPR/Cas9 technology and evaluated the effect of the direct AMPK activator 991 on the reassembly of tight junctions following a calcium switch assay. We analyzed the integrity of the epithelial barrier by measuring the trans-epithelial electrical resistance (TEER), the paracellular permeability, and quantification of zonula occludens 1 (ZO-1) deposit at plasma membrane by immunofluorescence. Here, we demonstrated that AMPK deletion induced a delay in tight junction reassembly and relocalization at the plasma membrane during calcium switch, leading to impairments in the establishment of TEER and paracellular permeability. We also showed that 991-induced AMPK activation accelerated the reassembly and reorganization of tight junctions, improved the development of TEER and paracellular permeability after calcium switch. Thus, our results show that AMPK activation ensures a better recovery of epithelial barrier function following injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Séverine Olivier
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, CNRS UMR8104, INSERM U1016, F-75014 Paris, France.
| | - Jocelyne Leclerc
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, CNRS UMR8104, INSERM U1016, F-75014 Paris, France.
| | - Adrien Grenier
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, CNRS UMR8104, INSERM U1016, F-75014 Paris, France.
| | - Marc Foretz
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, CNRS UMR8104, INSERM U1016, F-75014 Paris, France.
| | - Jérôme Tamburini
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, CNRS UMR8104, INSERM U1016, F-75014 Paris, France.
| | - Benoit Viollet
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, CNRS UMR8104, INSERM U1016, F-75014 Paris, France.
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Leong W, Huang G, Khan I, Xia W, Li Y, Liu Y, Li X, Han R, Su Z, Hsiao WLW. Patchouli Essential Oil and Its Derived Compounds Revealed Prebiotic-Like Effects in C57BL/6J Mice. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1229. [PMID: 31680986 PMCID: PMC6812344 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth (PC) is a Chinese medicinal plant traditionally used for the treatment of gastrointestinal symptoms. To investigate the prebiotic effect of patchouli essential oil (PEO) and its derived compounds through the modulation of gut microbiota (GM). C57BL/6J mice were treated with the PEO and three active components of PEO, i.e. patchouli alcohol (PA), pogostone (PO) and β-patchoulene (β-PAE) for 15 consecutive days. Fecal samples and mucosa were collected for GM biomarkers studies. PEO, PA, PO, and β-PAE improve the gut epithelial barrier by altering the status of E-cadherin vs. N-cadherin expressions, and increasing the mucosal p-lysozyme and Muc 2. Moreover, the treatments also facilitate the polarization of M1 to M2 macrophage phenotypes, meanwhile, suppress the pro-inflammatory cytokines. Fecal microbial DNAs were analyzed and evaluated for GM composition by ERIC-PCR and 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. The GM diversity was increased with the treated groups compared to the control. Further analysis showed that some known short chain fatty acids (SCFAs)-producing bacteria, e.g. Anaerostipes butyraticus, Butytivibrio fibrisolvens, Clostridium jejuense, Eubacterium uniforme, and Lactobacillus lactis were significantly enriched in the treated groups. In addition, the key SCFAs receptors, GPR 41, 43 and 109a, were significantly stimulated in the gut epithelial layer of the treated mice. By contract, the relative abundance of pathogens Sutterlla spp., Fusobacterium mortiferum, and Helicobacter spp. were distinctly reduced by the treatments with PEO and β-PAE. Our findings provide insightful information that the microbiota/host dynamic interaction may play a key role for the pharmacological activities of PEO, PA, PO, and β-PAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waikit Leong
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Guoxin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Imran Khan
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Wenrui Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Yucui Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Chinese Medicinal Development and Research, Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuhong Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Chinese Medicinal Development and Research, Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Ruixuan Han
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Ziren Su
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Chinese Medicinal Development and Research, Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - W L Wendy Hsiao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
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Shen Z, Chen Q, Jin T, Wang M, Ying H, Lu J, Wang M, Zhang W, Qiu F, Jin C, Zhao Y, Fu G. Theaflavin 3,3'-digallate reverses the downregulation of connexin 43 and autophagy induced by high glucose via AMPK activation in cardiomyocytes. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:17999-18016. [PMID: 30847932 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Revised: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Theaflavin 3,3'-digallate (TF3), is reported to protect cardiomyocytes from lipotoxicity and reperfusion injury. However, the role of TF3 in the protection of high-glucose injury is still poorly understood. This study investigated the protective effects of TF3 on gap junctions and autophagy in neonatal cardiomyocytes (NRCMs). NRCMs preincubated with high glucose were coincubated with TF3. The expression of connexins and autophagy-related proteins was determined. The functioning of gap-junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) was measured by a dye transfer assay. Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity was determined by western blot. Moreover, AMPK was activated with aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-β-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR) or inhibited by AMPKα small interfering RNA (siRNA) to explore the role of AMPK in the modulation of connexin 43 (Cx43) and autophagy. Meanwhile, autophagy was activated or blocked to observe the change in Cx43 expression. It was found that the protein expression of Cx43 and autophagy-related proteins was increased in a TF3 dose- and time-dependent manner under high glucose. TF3 also recovered the reduced GJIC function induced by high glucose concentrations. TF3 activated phosphorylated AMPK in a time-dependent way. AMPKα siRNA abrogated the protection of TF3, while AICAR showed similar results compared to the TF3 treatment. Meanwhile, autophagy activation caused decreased Cx43, while cotreatment with baf A1 enhanced Cx43 expression further compared with the TF3 treatment alone under high glucose. We concluded that TF3 partly reversed the inhibition of Cx43 expression and autophagy induced by high glucose in NRCMs, partly by restoring AMPK activity. Inhibition of autophagy might be protective by preserving Cx43 expression in NRCMs stimulated by high glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhida Shen
- Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tingting Jin
- Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Meihui Wang
- Department of Cardiology Basic Research, Biomedical Research Center, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hangying Ying
- Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiangting Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ming Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenbin Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fuyu Qiu
- Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chongying Jin
- Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanbo Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guosheng Fu
- Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Extracellular vesicles and soluble factors secreted by Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 and ECOR63 protect against enteropathogenic E. coli-induced intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction. BMC Microbiol 2019; 19:166. [PMID: 31315566 PMCID: PMC6637528 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-019-1534-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Enteric pathogens have developed mechanisms to disrupt tight junctions and increase gut permeability. Many studies have analysed the ability of live probiotics to protect intestinal epithelial cells against tight junction damage caused by bacterial pathogens. Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) is among the probiotics that positively modulates the intestinal epithelial barrier by regulating expression and distribution of tight junction proteins. We previously reported that regulation of ZO-1, claudin-14 and claudin-2 is mediated by EcN secreted factors, either free-released or associated with outer membrane vesicles (OMVs). Factors secreted by commensal ECOR63 elicited comparable effects in intact epithelial T-84 and Caco-2 cell monolayers. Results Here we analyse the ability of OMVs and soluble secreted factors to protect epithelial barrier function in polarized T-84 and Caco-2 cells infected with enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC). Transepithelial electrical resistance, paracellular permeability, mRNA levels and subcellular distribution of tight junction proteins were monitored in the absence or presence of EcN and ECOR63 extracellular fractions. EPEC downregulated expression of ZO-1 ZO-2, occludin and claudin-14 and altered the subcellular localization of ZO-1, occludin and F-actin cytoskeleton. OMVs and soluble factors secreted by EcN and ECOR63 counteracted EPEC-altered transepithelial resistance and paracellular permeability, preserved occludin and claudin-14 mRNA levels, retained ZO-1 and occludin at tight junctions in the cell boundaries and ameliorated F-actin disorganization. Redistribution of ZO-1 was not accompanied by changes at mRNA level. Conclusion This study provides new insights on the role of microbiota secreted factors on the modulation of intestinal tight junctions, expanding their barrier-protective effects against pathogen-induced disruption.
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