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Atahan C, Ugurluer G, Kumbasar B, Ozyar E, Atalar B. Myonecrosis as a rare side effect of stereotactic body radiotherapy for bone metastases: Report of two cases and a comprehensive literature review. Cancer Radiother 2024; 28:275-279. [PMID: 38890033 DOI: 10.1016/j.canrad.2023.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Stereotactic body radiotherapy is a highly effective form of radiation therapy for palliation of bone metastases, but it can also lead to rare but severe side effects, such as myonecrosis. According to the literature, the incidence of myonecrosis after stereotactic body radiotherapy is low and mostly dose dependent. It is crucial to consider the potential impact of immunotherapy and other systemic therapies in the assessment. The course of radiation myonecrosis can vary, and corticosteroids or vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors may potentially play a role in its treatment. Herein, we report two patients presenting with myonecrosis after stereotactic body radiotherapy for bone metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Atahan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - G Ugurluer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - B Kumbasar
- Department of Radiology, Acibadem Maslak Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - E Ozyar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - B Atalar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.
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2
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Chaudary N, Hill RP, Milosevic M. Targeting the CXCL12/CXCR4 pathway to reduce radiation treatment side effects. Radiother Oncol 2024; 194:110194. [PMID: 38447871 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2024.110194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
High precision, image-guided radiotherapy (RT) has increased the therapeutic ratio, enabling higher tumor and lower normal tissue doses, leading to improved patient outcomes. Nevertheless, some patients remain at risk of developing serious side effects.In many clinical situations, the radiation tolerance of normal tissues close to the target volume limits the dose that can safely be delivered and thus the potential for tumor control and cure. This is particularly so in patients being re-treated for tumor progression or a second primary tumor within a previous irradiated volume, scenarios that are becoming more frequent in clinical practice.Various normal tissue 'radioprotective' drugs with the potential to reduce side effects have been studied previously. Unfortunately, most have failed to impact clinical practice because of lack of therapeutic efficacy, concern about concurrent tumor protection or excessive drug-related toxicity. This review highlights the evidence indicating that targeting the CXCL12/CXCR4 pathway can mitigate acute and late RT-induced injury and reduce treatment side effects in a manner that overcomes these previous translational challenges. Pre-clinical studies involving a broad range of normal tissues commonly affected in clinical practice, including skin, lung, the gastrointestinal tract and brain, have shown that CXCL12 signalling is upregulated by RT and attracts CXCR4-expressing inflammatory cells that exacerbate acute tissue injury and late fibrosis. These studies also provide convincing evidence that inhibition of CXCL12/CXCR4 signalling during or after RT can reduce or prevent RT side effects, warranting further evaluation in clinical studies. Greater dialogue with the pharmaceutical industry is needed to prioritize the development and availability of CXCL12/CXCR4 inhibitors for future RT studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naz Chaudary
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Richard P Hill
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael Milosevic
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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3
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Feng Y, Feng Y, Gu L, Mo W, Wang X, Song B, Hong M, Geng F, Huang P, Yang H, Zhu W, Jiao Y, Zhang Q, Ding WQ, Cao J, Zhang S. Tetrahydrobiopterin metabolism attenuates ROS generation and radiosensitivity through LDHA S-nitrosylation: novel insight into radiogenic lung injury. Exp Mol Med 2024; 56:1107-1122. [PMID: 38689083 PMCID: PMC11148139 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-024-01208-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Genotoxic therapy triggers reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and oxidative tissue injury. S-nitrosylation is a selective and reversible posttranslational modification of protein thiols by nitric oxide (NO), and 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) is an essential cofactor for NO synthesis. However, the mechanism by which BH4 affects protein S-nitrosylation and ROS generation has not been determined. Here, we showed that ionizing radiation disrupted the structural integrity of BH4 and downregulated GTP cyclohydrolase I (GCH1), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in BH4 biosynthesis, resulting in deficiency in overall protein S-nitrosylation. GCH1-mediated BH4 synthesis significantly reduced radiation-induced ROS production and fueled the global protein S-nitrosylation that was disrupted by radiation. Likewise, GCH1 overexpression or the administration of exogenous BH4 protected against radiation-induced oxidative injury in vitro and in vivo. Conditional pulmonary Gch1 knockout in mice (Gch1fl/fl; Sftpa1-Cre+/- mice) aggravated lung injury following irradiation, whereas Gch1 knock-in mice (Gch1lsl/lsl; Sftpa1-Cre+/- mice) exhibited attenuated radiation-induced pulmonary toxicity. Mechanistically, lactate dehydrogenase (LDHA) mediated ROS generation downstream of the BH4/NO axis, as determined by iodoacetyl tandem mass tag (iodoTMT)-based protein quantification. Notably, S-nitrosylation of LDHA at Cys163 and Cys293 was regulated by BH4 availability and could restrict ROS generation. The loss of S-nitrosylation in LDHA after irradiation increased radiosensitivity. Overall, the results of the present study showed that GCH1-mediated BH4 biosynthesis played a key role in the ROS cascade and radiosensitivity through LDHA S-nitrosylation, identifying novel therapeutic strategies for the treatment of radiation-induced lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, 215123, Suzhou, China
- Department of Oncology, Wuxi No.2 People's Hospital, Jiangnan University Medical Center, 214002, Wuxi, China
| | - Yahui Feng
- Laboratory of Radiation Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital, 610051, Chengdu, China
| | - Liming Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, 215123, Suzhou, China
| | - Wei Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, 215123, Suzhou, China
| | - Xi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, 215123, Suzhou, China
| | - Bin Song
- West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Min Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, 215123, Suzhou, China
| | - Fenghao Geng
- West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Pei Huang
- Department of Oncology, Wuxi No.2 People's Hospital, Jiangnan University Medical Center, 214002, Wuxi, China
| | - Hongying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, 215123, Suzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, 215123, Suzhou, China
| | - Yang Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, 215123, Suzhou, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, 215123, Suzhou, China
| | - Wei-Qun Ding
- Department of Pathology, Stephenson Cancer Centre, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Jianping Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, 215123, Suzhou, China.
| | - Shuyu Zhang
- Laboratory of Radiation Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital, 610051, Chengdu, China.
- West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China.
- Laboratory of Radiation Medicine, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Technology Medical Transformation (Mianyang Central Hospital), 621099, Mianyang, China.
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Van Parijs H, Sinove Y, Carprieaux M, De Ridder M. Radiation-induced cutaneous vasculopathy of the breast: a rare case report. World J Surg Oncol 2024; 22:60. [PMID: 38383372 PMCID: PMC10880245 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-024-03346-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiation therapy is often indicated as part of the treatment for breast cancer and is therefore used frequently worldwide. Vasculopathy is a general term used to describe any condition that affects blood vessels. We present a case report of a patient who presented with vasculopathy as a rare late side effect of radiation therapy to the breast. CASE PRESENTATION This 66-year-old woman was initially treated with breast-conserving surgery for early-stage receptor-positive left breast carcinoma. She received postoperative radiation therapy and hormonal treatment with tamoxifen. She developed sudden spontaneous painless ecchymosis spread over the whole irradiated area 1.5 years after finishing her radiation therapy. Tumor relapse was excluded. There was no associated vasculitis. The cause was presumed to be multifactorial. She had a history of smoking and was known to have hyperlipidemia. She had undergone several surgical treatments at the left breast one year after her initial breast-conserving treatment and was taking tamoxifen. Anti-inflammatory medicine and treatments increasing local blood flow were prescribed. The ecchymosis resolved completely within one month. CONCLUSIONS Vasculopathy can occur as a rare late side effect of radiation therapy. It can be reversible. Prevention begins with carefully treating precipitating factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilde Van Parijs
- Department of Radiotherapy, UZ Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, Brussels, 1090, Belgium.
| | - Yves Sinove
- Department of Plastic Surgery, A.S.Z, Merestraat 80, Aalst, 9300, Belgium
| | | | - Mark De Ridder
- Department of Radiotherapy, UZ Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, Brussels, 1090, Belgium
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Xu Q, Wang X, Mu Z, Zhou Y, Ding X, Ji X, Yan J, Pan D, Chen C, Xu Y, Wang L, Wang J, Wang G, Yang M. Repurposing iron chelators for accurate positron emission tomography imaging tracking of radiometal-labeled cell transplants. MedComm (Beijing) 2024; 5:e473. [PMID: 38292327 PMCID: PMC10827001 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The use of radiolabeled cells for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging tracking has been a promising approach for monitoring cell-based therapies. However, the presence of free radionuclides released from dead cells during tracking can interfere with the signal from living cells, leading to inaccurate results. In this study, the effectiveness of the iron chelators deferoxamine (DFO) and deferiprone in removing free radionuclides 89Zr and 68Ga, respectively, was demonstrated in vivo utilizing PET imaging. The use of DFO during PET imaging tracking of 89Zr-labeled mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) significantly reduced uptake in bone while preserving uptake in major organs, resulting in more accurate and reliable tracking. Furthermore, the clearance of free 89Zr in vivo resulted in a significant reduction in radiation dose from 89Zr-labeled MSCs. Additionally, the avoidance of free radionuclide accumulation in bone allowed for more precise observation of the homing process and persistence during bone marrow transplantation. The efficacy and safety of this solution suggest this finding has potential for widespread use in imaging tracking studies involving various cells. Moreover, since this method employed iron chelator drugs in clinical use, which makes it is a good prospect for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Xu
- Department of RadiopharmaceuticalsSchool of PharmacyNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear MedicineJiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear MedicineJiangsu Institute of Nuclear MedicineWuxiChina
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Department of RadiopharmaceuticalsSchool of PharmacyNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear MedicineJiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear MedicineJiangsu Institute of Nuclear MedicineWuxiChina
| | - Ziqian Mu
- Department of RadiopharmaceuticalsSchool of PharmacyNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear MedicineJiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear MedicineJiangsu Institute of Nuclear MedicineWuxiChina
| | - Yixiang Zhou
- Department of RadiopharmaceuticalsSchool of PharmacyNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear MedicineJiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear MedicineJiangsu Institute of Nuclear MedicineWuxiChina
| | - Xiang Ding
- Department of RadiopharmaceuticalsSchool of PharmacyNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear MedicineJiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear MedicineJiangsu Institute of Nuclear MedicineWuxiChina
| | - Xin Ji
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear MedicineJiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear MedicineJiangsu Institute of Nuclear MedicineWuxiChina
| | - Junjie Yan
- Department of RadiopharmaceuticalsSchool of PharmacyNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear MedicineJiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear MedicineJiangsu Institute of Nuclear MedicineWuxiChina
| | - Donghui Pan
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear MedicineJiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear MedicineJiangsu Institute of Nuclear MedicineWuxiChina
| | - Chongyang Chen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear MedicineJiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear MedicineJiangsu Institute of Nuclear MedicineWuxiChina
| | - Yuping Xu
- Department of RadiopharmaceuticalsSchool of PharmacyNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear MedicineJiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear MedicineJiangsu Institute of Nuclear MedicineWuxiChina
| | - Lizhen Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear MedicineJiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear MedicineJiangsu Institute of Nuclear MedicineWuxiChina
| | - Jing Wang
- Jiangsu Renocell Biotech Co., Ltd.NanjingChina
| | - Guangji Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and PharmacokineticsState Key Laboratory of Natural MedicinesChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Min Yang
- Department of RadiopharmaceuticalsSchool of PharmacyNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear MedicineJiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear MedicineJiangsu Institute of Nuclear MedicineWuxiChina
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Golomb BA, Berg BK, Han JH. Susceptibility to radiation adverse effects in veterans with Gulf War illness and healthy civilians. Sci Rep 2024; 14:874. [PMID: 38195674 PMCID: PMC10776672 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50083-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
We evaluated whether veterans with Gulf War illness (VGWI) report greater ionizing radiation adverse effects (RadAEs) than controls; whether radiation-sensitivity is tied to reported chemical-sensitivity; and whether environmental exposures are apparent risk factors for reported RadAEs (rRadAEs). 81 participants (41 VGWI, 40 controls) rated exposure to, and rRadAEs from, four radiation types. The relations of RadAE-propensity (defined as the ratio of rRadAEs to summed radiation exposures) to Gulf War illness (GWI) presence and severity, and to reported chemical-sensitivity were assessed. Ordinal logistic regression evaluated exposure prediction of RadAE-propensity in the full sample, in VGWI, and stratified by age and chemical-sensitivity. RadAE-propensity was increased in VGWI (vs. controls) and related to GWI severity (p < 0.01) and chemical-sensitivity (p < 0.01). Past carbon monoxide (CO) exposure emerged as a strong, robust predictor of RadAE-propensity on univariable and multivariable analyses (p < 0.001 on multivariable assessment, without and with adjustment for VGWI case status), retaining significance in age-stratified and chemical-sensitivity-stratified replication analyses. Thus, RadAE-propensity, a newly-described GWI-feature, relates to chemical-sensitivity, and is predicted by CO exposure-both features reported for nonionizing radiation sensitivity, consistent with shared mitochondrial/oxidative toxicity across radiation frequencies. Greater RadAE vulnerability fits an emerging picture of heightened drug/chemical susceptibility in VGWI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Alexandra Golomb
- Department of Medicine, UC San Diego School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr. #0995, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0995, USA.
| | - Brinton Keith Berg
- Department of Medicine, UC San Diego School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr. #0995, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0995, USA
| | - Jun Hee Han
- Department of Medicine, UC San Diego School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr. #0995, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0995, USA
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Wigner-Jeziorska P, Grębowski R, Saluk J, Bijak M, Szemraj J. Polymorphic variations and mRNA expression of the genes encoding interleukins as well as enzymes of oxidative and nitrative stresses as a potential risk of nephrolithiasis development. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0293280. [PMID: 37878647 PMCID: PMC10599546 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0293280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Urolithiasis is one of the most common urological diseases worldwide with an unclear aetiology. However, a growing body of evidence suggests the potential role of molecular disturbances of the inflammation as well as oxidative and nitrative stresses, in the pathogenesis of urolithiasis. Therefore, we aimed to detect the potential association between six selected single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and the development of nephrolithiasis. Moreover, we verified the association of urolithiasis development and mRNA expression of IL-6, IL-8, SOD2, and NOS2 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Total genomic DNA and mRNA were isolated from the peripheral blood of 112 patients with urolithiasis and 114 healthy subjects. Using Taq-Man® probes, we genotyped the following SNPs: rs1800797 and rs2069845 in IL-6, rs2227307 in IL-8, rs4880 in SOD2, rs2297518 and rs2779249 in NOS2. In turn, the evaluation of mRNA expression was performed using real-time PCR and 2-ΔCt methods. We found that the C/T genotype of the c.47 T>C-SOD2 SNP increased the frequency of urolithiasis occurrence whereas the T/T homozygote of the same polymorphism decreased the risk of urolithiasis development in the Polish population. Moreover, our study confirmed that patients with urolithiasis were characterised by decreased IL-6, IL-8, and SOD2 mRNA expression levels compared to the controls. In conclusion, our results suggest that polymorphic variants and changes in mRNA expression of IL-6, IL8, SOD2, and NOS2 may be involved in the pathophysiology of urolithiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Wigner-Jeziorska
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Radosław Grębowski
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
- Department of Urology, Provincial Integrated Hospital in Płock, Plock, Poland
| | - Joanna Saluk
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Michał Bijak
- Biohazard Prevention Centre, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Janusz Szemraj
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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Güzelöz Z, Ayrancıoğlu O, Aktürk N, Güneş M, Alıcıkuş ZA. Dose Volume and Liver Function Test Relationship following Radiotheraphy for Right Breast Cancer: A Multicenter Study. Curr Oncol 2023; 30:8763-8773. [PMID: 37887532 PMCID: PMC10605792 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol30100632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The liver is a critical organ at risk during right breast radiotherapy (RT). Liver function tests (LFTs) such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) serve as biochemical markers for hepatobiliary damage. In this multicenter cross-sectional study, the effects of liver dose-volume on changes in LFTs pre- and post-RT in patients treated for right breast cancer were evaluated. MATERIALS AND METHODS Between January 2019 and November 2022, data from 100 patients who underwent adjuvant right breast RT across three centers were retrospectively assessed. Target volumes and normal structures were contoured per the RTOG atlas. Patients were treated with a total dose of 50 Gy in 25 fractions to the CTV, followed by a boost to the tumor bed where indicated. The percentage change in LFT values in the first two weeks post-RT was calculated. Statistics were analyzed with SPSS version 22 software, with significance set at p < 0.05. Statistical correlation between liver doses (in cGy) and the volume receiving specific doses (Vx in cc) on the change in LFTs were analyzed using Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Mann-Whitney U test. RESULTS The median age among the 100 patients was 56 (range: 29-79). Breast-conserving surgery was performed on 75% of the patients. The most common T and N stages were T1 (53%) and N0 (53%), respectively. None of the patients had distant metastasis or simultaneous systemic treatment with RT. A total of 67% of the treatments utilized the IMRT technique and 33% VMAT. The median CTV volume was 802 cc (range: 214-2724 cc). A median boost dose of 10 Gy (range: 10-16 Gy) was applied to 28% of the patients with electrons and 51% with IMRT/VMAT. The median liver volume was 1423 cc (range: 825-2312 cc). Statistical analyses were conducted on a subset of 57 patients for whom all three LFT values were available both pre- and post-RT. In this group, the median values for AST, ALT, and GGT increased up to 15% post-RT compared to pre-RT, and a median liver Dmean below 208 cGy was found significant. While many factors can influence LFT values, during RT planning, attention to liver doses and subsequent regular LFT checks are crucial. CONCLUSION Due to factors such as anatomical positioning, planning technique, and breast posture, the liver can receive varying doses during right breast irradiation. Protecting patients from liver toxicity secondary to RT is valuable, especially in breast cancer patients with a long-life expectancy. Our study found that, even in the absence of any systemic treatment or risk factors, there was an average increase of nearly 15% in enzymes, indicating acute liver damage post-RT compared with pre-RT. Attention to liver doses during RT planning and regular follow-up with LFTs is essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeliha Güzelöz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Health Science University Tepecik Training and Research Hospital, İzmir 35100, Türkiye
| | - Oğuzhan Ayrancıoğlu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, İzmir Tınaztepe University Galen Hospital, İzmir 35001, Türkiye; (O.A.); (M.G.); (Z.A.A.)
| | - Nesrin Aktürk
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Katip Çelebi University Atatürk Training and Research Hospital, İzmir 35150, Türkiye;
| | - Merve Güneş
- Department of Radiation Oncology, İzmir Tınaztepe University Galen Hospital, İzmir 35001, Türkiye; (O.A.); (M.G.); (Z.A.A.)
| | - Zümre Arıcan Alıcıkuş
- Department of Radiation Oncology, İzmir Tınaztepe University Galen Hospital, İzmir 35001, Türkiye; (O.A.); (M.G.); (Z.A.A.)
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Deng L, Wang S, Leng X, Yao P, Li C, Zheng Y. Combining network pharmacology and in vitro and in vivo experiments to study the mechanism of Keluoxin in the treatment of radiation nephropathy†. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2023; 64:769-782. [PMID: 37429602 PMCID: PMC10516735 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrad050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Radiation nephropathy refers to kidney damage caused by radiation therapy for malignant tumours. Currently, the pathogenesis is unclear and there is a lack of effective treatment methods. With the development of traditional Chinese medicine, the role of traditional Chinese medicine in the protection of radiation nephropathy is receiving increasing attention. Therefore, in this study, we used X-ray intraperitoneal irradiation to construct a mouse model of radiation nephropathy and studied the protective effect of traditional Chinese medicine Keluoxin on radiation nephropathy. We first analysed the potential targets and pathways of Keluoxin in the treatment of radiation nephropathy using network pharmacology methods, combined with in vitro and in vivo experimental verification, to study its potential mechanism. By searching the database, 136 components of Keluoxin were identified. A total of 333 intersectional targets related to radiation nephropathy were obtained. Among them, key targets include IL-6, TNF-α, HIF-1α, STAT1, STAT3, JAK1, JAK2, etc. In in vivo and in vitro experiments, we found that as the irradiation dose increased and time prolonged, kidney damage in mice gradually worsened in a time-dependent and dose-dependent manner. As the irradiation dose increases, the expression of pro-inflammatory factors Il-6, TNF-α, TGF-β increased. Compared with the irradiation group, the intervention of Keluoxin can reduce kidney damage caused by X-ray irradiation and reduce the expression of IL-6, TNF-α, TGF-β, STAT1, STAT3, JAK1, JAK2, etc. These results indicated that Keluoxin can alleviate kidney damage caused by X-ray irradiation, possibly by regulating the JAK/STAT signalling pathway, reducing inflammation levels and oxidative stress damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Deng
- Nephrology Department of The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital, Chengdu, China, No. 4, North Section 4, Second Ring Road, Chengdu 610057, China
| | - Shaoqing Wang
- Nephrology Department of The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital, Chengdu, China, No. 4, North Section 4, Second Ring Road, Chengdu 610057, China
| | - Xingli Leng
- Nephrology Department of The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital, Chengdu, China, No. 4, North Section 4, Second Ring Road, Chengdu 610057, China
| | - Peng Yao
- Nephrology Department of The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital, Chengdu, China, No. 4, North Section 4, Second Ring Road, Chengdu 610057, China
| | - Cuicui Li
- Physical Examination Center of General Hospital of Western Warzone, China, No. 270 Tianhui Road, Rongdu Avenue, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610083, China
| | - Yang Zheng
- Nephrology Department of The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital, Chengdu, China, No. 4, North Section 4, Second Ring Road, Chengdu 610057, China
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10
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Golomb BA, Han JH. Adverse effect propensity: A new feature of Gulf War illness predicted by environmental exposures. iScience 2023; 26:107363. [PMID: 37554469 PMCID: PMC10405325 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
A third of 1990-1 Gulf-deployed personnel developed drug/chemical-induced multisymptom illness, "Gulf War illness" (GWI). Veterans with GWI (VGWI) report increased drug/exposure adverse effects (AEs). Using previously collected data from a case-control study, we evaluated whether the fraction of exposures that engendered AEs ("AE Propensity") is increased in VGWI (it was); whether AE Propensity is related to self-rated "chemical sensitivity" (it did); and whether specific exposures "predicted" AE Propensity (they did). Pesticides and radiation exposure were significant predictors, with copper significantly "protective"-in the total sample (adjusted for GWI-status) and separately in VGWI and controls, on multivariable regression. Mitochondrial impairment and oxidative stress (OS) underlie AEs from many exposures irrespective of nominal specific mechanism. We hypothesize that mitochondrial toxicity and interrelated OS from pesticides and radiation position people on the steep part of the curve of mitochondrial impairment and OS versus symptom/biological disruption, amplifying impact of new exposures. Copper, meanwhile, is involved in critical OS detoxification processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice A. Golomb
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jun Hee Han
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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Li B, Yabluchanskiy A, Tarantini S, Allu SR, Şencan-Eğilmez I, Leng J, Alfadhel MAH, Porter JE, Fu B, Ran C, Erdener SE, Boas DA, Vinogradov SA, Sonntag WE, Csiszar A, Ungvari Z, Sakadžić S. Measurements of cerebral microvascular blood flow, oxygenation, and morphology in a mouse model of whole-brain irradiation-induced cognitive impairment by two-photon microscopy and optical coherence tomography: evidence for microvascular injury in the cerebral white matter. GeroScience 2023; 45:1491-1510. [PMID: 36792820 PMCID: PMC10400746 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-00735-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Whole-brain irradiation (WBI, also known as whole-brain radiation therapy) is a mainstay treatment modality for patients with multiple brain metastases. It is also used as a prophylactic treatment for microscopic tumors that cannot be detected by magnetic resonance imaging. WBI induces a progressive cognitive decline in ~ 50% of the patients surviving over 6 months, significantly compromising the quality of life. There is increasing preclinical evidence that radiation-induced injury to the cerebral microvasculature and accelerated neurovascular senescence plays a central role in this side effect of WBI. To better understand this side effect, male C57BL/6 mice were first subjected to a clinically relevant protocol of fractionated WBI (5 Gy, two doses per week, for 4 weeks). Nine months post the WBI treatment, we applied two-photon microscopy and Doppler optical coherence tomography to measure capillary red-blood-cell (RBC) flux, capillary morphology, and microvascular oxygen partial pressure (PO2) in the cerebral somatosensory cortex in the awake, head-restrained, WPI-treated mice and their age-matched controls, through a cover-glass-sealed chronic cranial window. Thanks to the extended penetration depth with the fluorophore - Alexa680, measurements of capillary blood flow properties (e.g., RBC flux, speed, and linear density) in the cerebral subcortical white matter were enabled. We found that the WBI-treated mice exhibited a significantly decreased capillary RBC flux in the white matter. WBI also caused a significant reduction in capillary diameter, as well as a large (although insignificant) reduction in segment density at the deeper cortical layers (e.g., 600-700 μm), while the other morphological properties (e.g., segment length and tortuosity) were not obviously affected. In addition, we found that PO2 measured in the arterioles and venules, as well as the calculated oxygen saturation and oxygen extraction fraction, were not obviously affected by WBI. Lastly, WBI was associated with a significant increase in the erythrocyte-associated transients of PO2, while the changes of other cerebral capillary PO2 properties (e.g., capillary mean-PO2, RBC-PO2, and InterRBC-PO2) were not significant. Collectively, our findings support the notion that WBI results in persistent cerebral white matter microvascular impairment, which likely contributes to the WBI-induced brain injury and cognitive decline. Further studies are warranted to assess the WBI-induced changes in brain tissue oxygenation and malfunction of the white matter microvasculature as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoqiang Li
- Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Andriy Yabluchanskiy
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- The Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Stefano Tarantini
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- The Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine/Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1083, Hungary
| | - Srinivasa Rao Allu
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Ikbal Şencan-Eğilmez
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
- Biophotonics Research Center, Department of Radiology, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Ji Leng
- Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Mohammed Ali H Alfadhel
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Jason E Porter
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Buyin Fu
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Chongzhao Ran
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Sefik Evren Erdener
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - David A Boas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Sergei A Vinogradov
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - William E Sonntag
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- The Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Anna Csiszar
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- The Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine/Department of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1083, Hungary
| | - Zoltan Ungvari
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.
- The Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine/Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1083, Hungary.
| | - Sava Sakadžić
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA.
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12
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Lu J, Guan S, Luo J, Yuan J, Yan J, Yang C, Tong Q. Levels of oxidative stress in patients with neoadjuvant chemotherapy for gastric cancer: correlation with treatment response. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1192192. [PMID: 37274227 PMCID: PMC10233062 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1192192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The intent of this study was to investigate the relationship between oxidative stress and treatment response in gastric cancer patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Methods Blood samples from 108 patients and 108 healthy subjects were collected, and all patients were enrolled in SOX chemotherapy. The patients received four cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Blood samples were collected to determine oxidative stress levels at baseline prior to beginning chemotherapy, and at the end of cycles 2 and 4. The patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy were followed up for several months to years. A survival curve was created according to the follow-up information from the patients. In addition, the correlation between oxidative stress level and treatment effect was evaluated and ROC curves were plotted according to the final collected data. Results Compared with the normal group, the levels of the antioxidant index decreased while the peroxide index increased in the patients. Conversely, when patients were compared before and after chemotherapy, the antioxidant index increased but the peroxide index decreased. Furthermore, the antioxidant index increased in the response group while the peroxide index decreased in the non-response group. Conclusion Patients with an increased antioxidant index after chemotherapy have good treatment responsiveness. These indicators can also be used as predictors to judge the patients' response to chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiatong Lu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery I Section, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shaoyu Guan
- 93868 Troop of the Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA), Yinchuan, China
| | - Jiajun Luo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery I Section, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Sixth Hospital of Wuhan, The Affiliated Hospital of Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jingwen Yuan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery I Section, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Junfeng Yan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery I Section, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chen Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery I Section, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiang Tong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery I Section, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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13
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Meer E, Grob S, Antonsen EL, Sawyer A. Ocular conditions and injuries, detection and management in spaceflight. NPJ Microgravity 2023; 9:37. [PMID: 37193709 DOI: 10.1038/s41526-023-00279-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Ocular trauma or other ocular conditions can be significantly debilitating in space. A literature review of over 100 articles and NASA evidence books, queried for eye related trauma, conditions, and exposures was conducted. Ocular trauma and conditions during NASA space missions during the Space Shuttle Program and ISS through Expedition 13 in 2006 were reviewed. There were 70 corneal abrasions, 4 dry eyes, 4 eye debris, 5 complaints of ocular irritation, 6 chemical burns, and 5 ocular infections noted. Unique exposures on spaceflight, such as foreign bodies, including celestial dust, which may infiltrate the habitat and contact the ocular surface, as well as chemical and thermal injuries due to prolonged CO2 and heat exposure were reported. Diagnostic modalities used to evaluate the above conditions in space flight include vision questionnaires, visual acuity and Amsler grid testing, fundoscopy, orbital ultrasound, and ocular coherence tomography. Several types of ocular injuries and conditions, mostly affecting the anterior segment, are reported. Further research is necessary to understand the greatest ocular risks that astronauts face and how better we can prevent, but also diagnose and treat these conditions in space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elana Meer
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- University of California Space Health Program, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Seanna Grob
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Erik L Antonsen
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Center for Space Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houstan, Texas, USA
| | - Aenor Sawyer
- University of California Space Health Program, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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14
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Yalcin B, Yay AH, Tan FC, Özdamar S, Yildiz OG. Investigation of the anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects of melatonin on experimental liver damage by radiation. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 246:154477. [PMID: 37148837 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Radiotherapy is one of the inevitable treatment approaches for several types of cancer. We aimed to show the protective and therapeutic effects of daily use of melatonin on liver tissues subjected to a single dose of 10 Gy (gamma-ray) total body radiation. Rats were divided into 6 groups, of which 10 were in each: control, sham, melatonin, radiation, radiation+melatonin, and melatonin+radiation. The rats received 10 Gy of external radiation throughout their entire bodies. The rats were given 10 mg/kg/day of melatonin intraperitoneally before or after radiation treatment, depending on the group. Histological methods, immunohistochemical analysis (Caspase-3, Sirtuin-1, α-SMA, NFΚB-p65), biochemical analysis by ELİSA (SOD, CAT, GSH-PX, MDA, TNF-α, TGF-β, PDGF, PGC-1α) and the Comet assay as a marker of DNA damage were applied to the liver tissues. Histopathological examinations showed structural changes in the liver tissue of the radiation group. Radiation treatment increased the immunoreactivity of Caspase-3, Sirtuin-1 and α-SMA, but these effects were relatively attenuated in the melatonin-treated groups. The melatonin+radiation group had statistically significant results close to those of the control group, in terms of Caspase-3, NFΚB-p65 and Sirtuin-1 immunoreactivity. In melatonin treated groups, hepatic biochemical markers, MDA, SOD, TNF-α, TGF-β levels, and DNA damage parameters were decreased. Administration of melatonin before and after radiation has beneficial effects, but using it before radiation may be more efficient. Accordingly, daily melatonin usage could mitigate ionizing radiation induced damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betul Yalcin
- Adıyaman University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Adıyaman, Turkey.
| | - Arzu Hanım Yay
- Erciyes University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Kayseri, Turkey; Erciyes University, Genome and Stem Cell Center (GENKOK), Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Fazile Cantürk Tan
- Erciyes University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biophysics, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Saim Özdamar
- Pamukkale University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Oğuz Galip Yildiz
- Erciyes University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, Kayseri, Turkey
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15
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Sardo U, Perrier P, Cormier K, Sotin M, Desquesnes A, Cannizzo L, Ruiz-Martinez M, Thevenin J, Billoré B, Jung G, Abboud E, Peyssonnaux C, Nemeth E, Ginzburg YZ, Ganz T, Kautz L. The hepatokine FGL1 regulates hepcidin and iron metabolism during the recovery from hemorrhage-induced anemia in mice. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.06.535920. [PMID: 37066218 PMCID: PMC10104156 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.06.535920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
As a functional component of erythrocyte hemoglobin, iron is essential for oxygen delivery to all tissues in the body. The liver-derived peptide hepcidin is the master regulator of iron homeostasis. During anemia, the erythroid hormone erythroferrone regulates hepcidin synthesis to ensure adequate supply of iron to the bone marrow for red blood cells production. However, mounting evidence suggested that another factor may exert a similar function. We identified the hepatokine FGL1 as a previously undescribed suppressor of hepcidin that is induced in the liver in response to hypoxia during the recovery from anemia and in thalassemic mice. We demonstrated that FGL1 is a potent suppressor of hepcidin in vitro and in vivo . Deletion of Fgl1 in mice results in a blunted repression of hepcidin after bleeding. FGL1 exerts its activity by direct binding to BMP6, thereby inhibiting the canonical BMP-SMAD signaling cascade that controls hepcidin transcription. Key points 1/ FGL1 regulates iron metabolism during the recovery from anemia. 2/ FGL1 is an antagonist of the BMP/SMAD signaling pathway.
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16
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Wu T, Orschell CM. The delayed effects of acute radiation exposure (DEARE): characteristics, mechanisms, animal models, and promising medical countermeasures. Int J Radiat Biol 2023; 99:1066-1079. [PMID: 36862990 PMCID: PMC10330482 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2023.2187479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Terrorist use of nuclear weapons and radiation accidents put the human population at risk for exposure to life-threatening levels of radiation. Victims of lethal radiation exposure face potentially lethal acute injury, while survivors of the acute phase are plagued with chronic debilitating multi-organ injuries for years after exposure. Developing effective medical countermeasures (MCM) for the treatment of radiation exposure is an urgent need that relies heavily on studies conducted in reliable and well-characterized animal models according to the FDA Animal Rule. Although relevant animal models have been developed in several species and four MCM for treatment of the acute radiation syndrome are now FDA-approved, animal models for the delayed effects of acute radiation exposure (DEARE) have only recently been developed, and there are no licensed MCM for DEARE. Herein, we provide a review of the DEARE including key characteristics of the DEARE gleaned from human data as well as animal, mechanisms common to multi-organ DEARE, small and large animal models used to study the DEARE, and promising new or repurposed MCM under development for alleviation of the DEARE. CONCLUSIONS Intensification of research efforts and support focused on better understanding of mechanisms and natural history of DEARE are urgently needed. Such knowledge provides the necessary first steps toward the design and development of MCM that effectively alleviate the life-debilitating consequences of the DEARE for the benefit of humankind worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Wu
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Christie M Orschell
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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17
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Kumar S, Suman S, Moon BH, Fornace AJ, Datta K. Low dose radiation upregulates Ras/p38 and NADPH oxidase in mouse colon two months after exposure. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:2067-2076. [PMID: 36542238 PMCID: PMC10119992 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-08186-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to ionizing is known to cause persistent cellular oxidative stress and NADPH oxidase (Nox) is a major source of cellular oxidant production. Chronic oxidative stress is associated with a myriad of human diseases including gastrointestinal cancer. However, the roles of NADPH oxidase in relation of long-term oxidative stress in colonic epithelial cells after radiation exposure are yet to be clearly established. METHODS AND RESULTS Mice were exposed either to sham or to 0.5 Gy γ radiation, and NADPH oxidase, oxidative stress, and related signaling pathways were assessed in colon samples 60 days after exposure. Radiation exposure led to increased expression of colon-specific NADPH oxidase isoform, Nox1, as well as upregulation of its modifiers such as Noxa1 and Noxo1 at the mRNA and protein level. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments showed enhanced binding of Rac1, an activator of NADPH oxidase, to Nox1. Increased 4-hydroxynonenal, 8-oxo-dG, and γH2AX along with higher protein carbonylation levels suggest increased oxidative stress after radiation exposure. Immunoblot analysis demonstrates upregulation of Ras/p38 pathway, and Gata6 and Hif1α after irradiation. Increased staining of β-catenin, cyclinD1, and Ki67 after radiation was also observed. CONCLUSIONS In summary, data show that exposure to a low dose of radiation was associated with upregulation of NADPH oxidase and its modifiers along with increased Ras/p38/Gata6 signaling in colon. When considered along with oxidative damage and proliferative markers, our observations suggest that the NADPH oxidase pathway could be playing a critical role in propagating long-term oxidative stress after radiation with implications for colon carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Kumar
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Shubhankar Suman
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Bo-Hyun Moon
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Albert J Fornace
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Research Building, Room E518, 3970 Reservoir Rd., NW, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Kamal Datta
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, 20057, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Research Building, Room E518, 3970 Reservoir Rd., NW, Washington, DC, 20057, USA.
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18
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Rodina AV, Semochkina YP, Vysotskaya OV, Parfenova AA, Moskaleva EY. Radiation-induced neuroinflammation monitoring by the level of peripheral blood monocytes with high expression of translocator protein. Int J Radiat Biol 2023; 99:1364-1377. [PMID: 36821843 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2023.2177765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Currently there are no effective diagnostic methods for the control of neuroinflammation before manifestation of cognitive impairment after head irradiation. The translocator protein (TSPO) is highly expressed in glial cells upon brain damage, therefore we compared the changes in the number of cells with high TSPO expression in the brain and peripheral blood during radiation-induced neuroinflammation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Hippocampal cytokines mRNA expression and the content of cells with high TSPO expression in the brain and peripheral blood monocytes were analyzed up to eight months after mice head γ-irradiation at a dose of 2 Gy or 8Gy. RESULTS Mice irradiation at a dose of 8 Gy causes neuroinflammation, accompanied by an increase of M1 microglia and TSPOhigh cells in the brain, elevated gene expression of pro-inflammatory and decreased of anti-inflammatory cytokines along with an increased number of microglia and astrocytes in the hippocampus. The content of TSPOhigh cells in the brain correlates with the level TSPOhigh monocytes in three days, one month and two months after exposure. CONCLUSIONS An increase in the level of the monocytes with high expression of TSPO may be considered as a marker for an early diagnostics of post-radiation brain damage leading to cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alla V Rodina
- Department of Cell Biology, Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Kurchatov Complex of NBICS Technologies, NRC Kurchatov Institute, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Yulia P Semochkina
- Department of Cell Biology, Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Kurchatov Complex of NBICS Technologies, NRC Kurchatov Institute, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Olga V Vysotskaya
- Department of Cell Biology, Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Kurchatov Complex of NBICS Technologies, NRC Kurchatov Institute, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Anna A Parfenova
- Department of Cell Biology, Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Kurchatov Complex of NBICS Technologies, NRC Kurchatov Institute, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Elizaveta Y Moskaleva
- Department of Cell Biology, Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Kurchatov Complex of NBICS Technologies, NRC Kurchatov Institute, Moscow, Russian Federation
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19
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El-Sheikh MM, Abdel-Naby DH, El-Hazek RM, El-Ghazaly MA. Regulation of radiation-induced liver damage by modulation of SIRT-1 activity: In vivo rat model. Cell Biochem Funct 2023; 41:67-77. [PMID: 36259113 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Silent information regulator 1 (SIRT-1), a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-dependent deacetylase, was found to regulate cell apoptosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress response in living organisms. Therefore, the role of SIRT-1 in regulating forkhead box O/poly ADP-ribose polymerase-1 (FOXO-1/PARP-1) signaling could provide the necessary validation for developing new pharmacological targets for the promotion or inhibition of SIRT-1 activity toward radiation sensitivity. In the present study, the SIRT-1 signaling pathway is being investigated to study the possible modulatory effect of resveratrol (RSV, SIRT-1 activator) versus nicotinamide (NAM, SIRT-1 inhibitor) in case of liver damage induced by whole-body gamma irradiation. Rats were exposed to 6 Gy gamma radiation after being pretreated with either RSV (10 mg/kg/day) or NAM (100 mg/kg/day) for 5 days, and subsequent examining hepatic morphological changes and apoptotic markers were assessed. The expression of SIRT-1, FOXO-1, and cleaved PARP-1 in the liver was analyzed. RSV improved radiation-induced apoptosis, mitochondrial dysfunction, and inflammation signified by low expression of caspase-3, lactate dehydrogenase, complex-I activity, myeloperoxidase, and total nitric oxide content. RSV increased the expression of SIRT-1, whereas cleaved PARP-1 and FOXO-1 were suppressed. These protective effects were suppressed by inhibition of SIRT-1 activity using NAM. These findings suggest that RSV can attenuate radiation-induced hepatic injury by reducing apoptosis and inflammation via SIRT-1 activity modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa M El-Sheikh
- Department of Drug Radiation Research, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Doaa H Abdel-Naby
- Department of Drug Radiation Research, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rania M El-Hazek
- Department of Drug Radiation Research, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mona A El-Ghazaly
- Department of Drug Radiation Research, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
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Sun MY, Bhaskar SMM. When Two Maladies Meet: Disease Burden and Pathophysiology of Stroke in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:15769. [PMID: 36555410 PMCID: PMC9779017 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke and cancer are disabling diseases with an enormous global burden, disproportionately affecting vulnerable populations and low- and middle-income countries. Both these diseases share common risk factors, which warrant concerted attention toward reshaping population health approaches and the conducting of fundamental studies. In this article, an overview of epidemiological trends in the prevalence and burden of cancer and stroke, underlying biological mechanisms and clinical risk factors, and various tools available for risk prediction and prognosis are provided. Finally, future recommendations for research and existing gaps in our understanding of pathophysiology. Further research must investigate the causes that predispose patients to an increased risk of stroke and/or cancer, as well as biomarkers that can be used to predict growing morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Yee Sun
- Global Health Neurology Lab, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia
- Neurovascular Imaging Laboratory, Clinical Sciences Stream, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia
- UNSW Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales (UNSW), South Western Sydney Clinical Campuses, Sydney, NSW 2170, Australia
| | - Sonu M. M. Bhaskar
- Global Health Neurology Lab, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia
- Neurovascular Imaging Laboratory, Clinical Sciences Stream, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia
- Department of Neurology & Neurophysiology, Liverpool Hospital and South West Sydney Local Health District (SWSLHD), Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia
- NSW Brain Clot Bank, NSW Health Pathology, Sydney, NSW 2170, Australia
- Stroke & Neurology Research Group, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia
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21
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Randolph JT, Pak ES, McMains JC, Koontz BF, Hannan JL. Cocultured Schwann Cells Rescue Irradiated Pelvic Neuron Outgrowth and Increase Survival. J Sex Med 2022; 19:1333-1342. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2022.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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22
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Aloe vera gel as a stimulant for mesenchymal stem cells differentiation and a natural therapy for radiation induced liver damage. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrras.2022.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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23
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Dinkel JG, Lahmer G, Mennecke A, Hock SW, Richter-Schmidinger T, Fietkau R, Distel L, Putz F, Dörfler A, Schmidt MA. Effects of Hippocampal Sparing Radiotherapy on Brain Microstructure-A Diffusion Tensor Imaging Analysis. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12070879. [PMID: 35884686 PMCID: PMC9312994 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12070879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hippocampal-sparing radiotherapy (HSR) is a promising approach to alleviate cognitive side effects following cranial radiotherapy. Microstructural brain changes after irradiation have been demonstrated using Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI). However, evidence is conflicting for certain parameters and anatomic structures. This study examines the effects of radiation on white matter and hippocampal microstructure using DTI and evaluates whether these may be mitigated using HSR. A total of 35 tumor patients undergoing a prospective randomized controlled trial receiving either conventional or HSR underwent DTI before as well as 6, 12, 18, 24, and 30 (±3) months after radiotherapy. Fractional Anisotropy (FA), Mean Diffusivity (MD), Axial Diffusivity (AD), and Radial Diffusivity (RD) were measured in the hippocampus (CA), temporal, and frontal lobe white matter (TL, FL), and corpus callosum (CC). Longitudinal analysis was performed using linear mixed models. Analysis of the entire patient collective demonstrated an overall FACC decrease and RDCC increase compared to baseline in all follow-ups; ADCC decreased after 6 months, and MDCC increased after 12 months (p ≤ 0.001, 0.001, 0.007, 0.018). ADTL decreased after 24 and 30 months (p ≤ 0.004, 0.009). Hippocampal FA increased after 6 and 12 months, driven by a distinct increase in ADCA and MDCA, with RDCA not increasing until 30 months after radiotherapy (p ≤ 0.011, 0.039, 0.005, 0.040, 0.019). Mean radiation dose correlated positively with hippocampal FA (p < 0.001). These findings may indicate complex pathophysiological changes in cerebral microstructures after radiation, insufficiently explained by conventional DTI models. Hippocampal microstructure differed between patients undergoing HSR and conventional cranial radiotherapy after 6 months with a higher ADCA in the HSR subgroup (p ≤ 0.034).
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes G. Dinkel
- Neuroradiologisches Institut des Universitätsklinikums Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (J.G.D.); (A.M.); (S.W.H.); (A.D.)
| | - Godehard Lahmer
- Strahlenklinik des Universitätsklinikums Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (G.L.); (R.F.); (L.D.); (F.P.)
| | - Angelika Mennecke
- Neuroradiologisches Institut des Universitätsklinikums Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (J.G.D.); (A.M.); (S.W.H.); (A.D.)
| | - Stefan W. Hock
- Neuroradiologisches Institut des Universitätsklinikums Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (J.G.D.); (A.M.); (S.W.H.); (A.D.)
| | - Tanja Richter-Schmidinger
- Psychiatrische und Psychotherapeutische Klinik des Universitätsklinikums Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany;
| | - Rainer Fietkau
- Strahlenklinik des Universitätsklinikums Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (G.L.); (R.F.); (L.D.); (F.P.)
| | - Luitpold Distel
- Strahlenklinik des Universitätsklinikums Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (G.L.); (R.F.); (L.D.); (F.P.)
| | - Florian Putz
- Strahlenklinik des Universitätsklinikums Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (G.L.); (R.F.); (L.D.); (F.P.)
| | - Arnd Dörfler
- Neuroradiologisches Institut des Universitätsklinikums Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (J.G.D.); (A.M.); (S.W.H.); (A.D.)
| | - Manuel A. Schmidt
- Neuroradiologisches Institut des Universitätsklinikums Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (J.G.D.); (A.M.); (S.W.H.); (A.D.)
- Correspondence:
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24
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Wigner P, Dziedzic A, Synowiec E, Miller E, Bijak M, Saluk-Bijak J. Variation of genes encoding nitric oxide synthases and antioxidant enzymes as potential risks of multiple sclerosis development: a preliminary study. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10603. [PMID: 35732787 PMCID: PMC9217808 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14795-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by a variable clinical course and diverse pathophysiology, including nitrative and oxidative stresses as well as inflammation. We aimed to detect the potential association between five selected single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes encoding nitric oxide synthetases as well as antioxidant enzymes and the development of MS in a Polish population. Genomic DNA was isolated from peripheral blood collected from 142 MS patients and 140 controls. Using Taq-Man® probes, we genotyped the following SNPs: rs1879417 in NOS1, and rs2297518 in NOS2 as well as rs4880 in SOD2, rs7943316 in CAT, rs713041 in GPX4. In the case of rs2297518, the C/C genotype and C allele SNP were associated with an enhanced occurrence of MS, while the C/T, T/T genotypes, and T allele of the same polymorphism reduced this risk. Moreover, the C/C homozygote and C allele of the rs4880 SNP reduced MS risk, while the T allele increased the risk. In addition, the A/T heterozygote of rs7943316 polymorphism was associated with an increased risk of MS occurrence. We also detected that the C/C genotype and C allele of rs713041 decreased the risk of MS, whereas the T/T genotype and T allele increased this risk. In conclusion, the results of our study suggest some links between polymorphic variability in the nitrative/oxidative stress-related genes and the risk of MS development in the Polish population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Wigner
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236, Lodz, Poland
| | - Angela Dziedzic
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Ewelina Synowiec
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 141/143 Pomorska Street, 90-236, Lodz, Poland
| | - Elzbieta Miller
- Department of Neurological Rehabilitation, Medical University of Lodz, Milionowa 14, 93-113, Lodz, Poland
| | - Michal Bijak
- Biohazard Prevention Centre, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236, Lodz, Poland
| | - Joanna Saluk-Bijak
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236, Lodz, Poland
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Memantine in the Prevention of Radiation-Induced Brain Damage: A Narrative Review. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14112736. [PMID: 35681716 PMCID: PMC9179311 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14112736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Decline in cognitive function is a major problem for patients undergoing whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT). Scientific interest has increased due to the high dropout rate of patients in the first months after WBRT and the early onset of cognitive decline. Therefore, the study of antiglutamatergic pharmacological prophylaxis and hippocampal-sparing WBRT techniques has been deepened based on the knowledge of the mechanisms of hyperglutamatergic neurotoxicity and the role of some hippocampal areas in cognitive decline. In order to provide a summary of the evidence in this field, and to foster future research in this setting, this literature review presents current evidence on the prevention of radiation-induced cognitive decline and particularly on the role of memantine. Abstract Preserving cognitive functions is a priority for most patients with brain metastases. Knowing the mechanisms of hyperglutamatergic neurotoxicity and the role of some hippocampal areas in cognitive decline (CD) led to testing both the antiglutamatergic pharmacological prophylaxis and hippocampal-sparing whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT) techniques. These studies showed a relative reduction in CD four to six months after WBRT. However, the failure to achieve statistical significance in one study that tested memantine alone (RTOG 0614) led to widespread skepticism about this drug in the WBRT setting. Moreover, interest grew in the reasons for the strong patient dropout rates in the first few months after WBRT and for early CD onset. In fact, the latter can only partially be explained by subclinical tumor progression. An emerging interpretation of the (not only) cognitive impairment during and immediately after WBRT is the dysfunction of the limbic and hypothalamic system with its immune and hormonal consequences. This new understanding of WBRT-induced toxicity may represent the basis for further innovative trials. These studies should aim to: (i) evaluate in greater detail the cognitive effects and, more generally, the quality of life impairment during and immediately after WBRT; (ii) study the mechanisms producing these early effects; (iii) test in clinical studies, the modern and advanced WBRT techniques based on both hippocampal-sparing and hypothalamic-pituitary-sparing, currently evaluated only in planning studies; (iv) test new timings of antiglutamatergic drugs administration aimed at preventing not only late toxicity but also acute effects.
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Correlation of chemokines and growth factors with radiation-induced liver injury after interstitial high dose rate (HDR) brachytherapy of liver metastases. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2022; 148:2815-2826. [PMID: 35596772 PMCID: PMC9470622 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-022-04041-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Background Locoregional therapies, as imaging-guided tumor-directed procedures, are emerging treatment strategies in the management of primary and secondary liver malignancies such as e.g. colorectal cancer liver metastases. As one of those, irradiation-based interstitial high dose rate brachytherapy (iBT) of liver metastases bears a risk of developing focal radiation-induced liver injury (fRILI). Since little is known about biological factors involved in hepatic dysfunction after irradiation, the aim of this study was to identify factors, that may play a role in the underlying mechanism of fRILI, and that potentially may serve as biomarkers for post-therapeutic fRILI to improve specific management and treatment of patients. Methods Twenty-two patients with hepatic malignancies (tumor patients, TP) underwent iBT with total ablative doses of radiation to the target volume ranging from e.g. 15 to 25 Gy. Hepatobiliary magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed 6 weeks after iBT to quanitify fRILI. Blood samples were taken before (pre) and 6 weeks after (post) iBT from TP, and from ten healthy volunteers (HV controls) for the analyses of humoral mediators: monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), chemokine (C-X3-C motif) ligand 1 (CX3CL1), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and beta-nerve growth factor (beta-NGF) using the Multi-Analyte Flow Assay via flow cytometry. Correlation analyses between the humoral mediators (pre and post iBT) with the tumor volume and fRILI were performed. Results While MCP-1 and CX3CL1 tended to decrease in TP vs. HV, VEGF was significantly decreased in TP vs. HV pre and post iBT (p < 0.05). Beta-NGF levels were significantly increased in TP vs. HV pre and post iBT (p < 0.05). Baseline circulating levels of MCP-1, VEGF and beta-NGF have shown significant positive correlations with the hepatic tumor volume (p < 0.05). Circulating levels of humoral mediators before treatment did not correlate with fRILI, while CX3CL1 and VEGF after iBT have shown significant positive correlations with fRILI (p < 0.05). Conclusion Tumor volume and threshold dose of irradiation damage correlated positively with MCP-1 and VEGF as well as NGF and CX3CL, respectively. Thus, investigation of biological mediators in blood samples from tumor patients may provide an appropriate tool to predict fRILI after interstitial HDR brachytherapy of liver metastases.
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27
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Oxidative Stress, Genomic Integrity, and Liver Diseases. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27103159. [PMID: 35630636 PMCID: PMC9147071 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Excess reactive oxygen species production and free radical formation can lead to oxidative stress that can damage cells, tissues, and organs. Cellular oxidative stress is defined as the imbalance between ROS production and antioxidants. This imbalance can lead to malfunction or structure modification of major cellular molecules such as lipids, proteins, and DNAs. During oxidative stress conditions, DNA and protein structure modifications can lead to various diseases. Various antioxidant-specific gene expression and signal transduction pathways are activated during oxidative stress to maintain homeostasis and to protect organs from oxidative injury and damage. The liver is more vulnerable to oxidative conditions than other organs. Antioxidants, antioxidant-specific enzymes, and the regulation of the antioxidant responsive element (ARE) genes can act against chronic oxidative stress in the liver. ARE-mediated genes can act as the target site for averting/preventing liver diseases caused by oxidative stress. Identification of these ARE genes as markers will enable the early detection of liver diseases caused by oxidative conditions and help develop new therapeutic interventions. This literature review is focused on antioxidant-specific gene expression upon oxidative stress, the factors responsible for hepatic oxidative stress, liver response to redox signaling, oxidative stress and redox signaling in various liver diseases, and future aspects.
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Fakhri S, Piri S, Moradi SZ, Khan H. Phytochemicals Targeting Oxidative Stress, Interconnected Neuroinflammatory, and Neuroapoptotic Pathways Following Radiation. Curr Neuropharmacol 2022; 20:836-856. [PMID: 34370636 PMCID: PMC9881105 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x19666210809103346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The radiation for therapeutic purposes has shown positive effects in different contexts; however, it can increase the risk of many age-related and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Huntington's disease (HD), and Parkinson's disease (PD). These different outcomes highlight a dose-response phenomenon called hormesis. Prevailing studies indicate that high doses of radiation could play several destructive roles in triggering oxidative stress, neuroapoptosis, and neuroinflammation in neurodegeneration. However, there is a lack of effective treatments in combating radiation-induced neurodegeneration, and the present drugs suffer from some drawbacks, including side effects and drug resistance. Among natural entities, polyphenols are suggested as multi-target agents affecting the dysregulated pathogenic mechanisms in neurodegenerative disease. This review discusses the destructive effects of radiation on the induction of neurodegenerative diseases by dysregulating oxidative stress, apoptosis, and inflammation. We also describe the promising effects of polyphenols and other candidate phytochemicals in preventing and treating radiation-induced neurodegenerative disorders, aiming to find novel/potential therapeutic compounds against such disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajad Fakhri
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6734667149, Iran;,Address correspondence to these author at the Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6734667149, Iran; E-mail: Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, 23200, Pakistan; E-mail:
| | - Sana Piri
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6734667149, Iran;,These authors have contributed equally to this work.
| | - Seyed Zachariah Moradi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6734667149, Iran;,Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6734667149, Iran;,These authors have contributed equally to this work.
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, 23200, Pakistan,Address correspondence to these author at the Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6734667149, Iran; E-mail: Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, 23200, Pakistan; E-mail:
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Lu CH, Lai YR, Fang FM, Tan TY, Chiu WC, Hsieh DY, Huang CC, Lien CY, Cheng BC, Chien CY, Huang TL, Kung CT. Radiotherapy Is Associated with an Accelerated Risk of Carotid Atherosclerosis in Patients with Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: A Nine-Year Prospective Follow-Up Study. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14051234. [PMID: 35267542 PMCID: PMC8909632 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14051234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiation-related extracranial vasculopathy is a common late effect after radiation in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). We proposed the hypothesis that radiation-related extracranial vasculopathy is a progressive process that can begin immediately after radiotherapy and persist for a longer period, and inflammation and oxidative stress may play a pivotal role in this process. Thirty-six newly diagnosed NPC patients were assessed with B-mode ultrasound for the common carotid artery (CCA) intima media thickness (IMT) measurement as well as surrogate markers at three different stages (baseline, immediately after concurrent chemoradiation therapy (CCRT), and 9 years after enrollment). A healthy control group was also recruited for comparison. Surrogate markers including a lipid profile, HbA1c, inflammation, oxidative stress, and platelet activation markers were assessed. The mean CCA IMT in the NPC group were increased immediately after CCRT (p = 0.043). The mean CCA IMT value after a 9-year follow-up also showed a significant increase in NPC and control group, respectively (p < 0.0001 and p < 0.0001, paired t test). The annual increase mean CCA IMT (mm) was 0.053 ± 0.025 and 0.014 ± 0.013 in NPC and control group, respectively (p < 0.0001). The baseline high sensitivity CRP (hs-CRP), thiol, TBARS, and CD63 level were significantly higher in the NPC group (hs-CRP, p = 0.001, thiol, p < 0.0001, TBARS, p = 0.05, and CD63 level, p = 0.04). The thiol and TBARS levels were significantly lower in NPC patients immediately after CCRT (thiol, p < 0.0001, and TBARS, p = 0.043). The CD62P level was significantly higher while the thiol level was significantly lower in the NPC group after a 9-year follow-up (CD62P level, p = 0.007; and thiol level, p = 0.004). Radiation-related extracranial vasculopathy is a progressive process that begins immediately after radiotherapy with significantly increased carotid IMT compared to the control group during the 9-year follow-up. Chronic inflammation and oxidative stress might serve to drive the process and also contribute to increased platelet activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Hsien Lu
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, 123 Ta Pei Road, Niao Sung District, Kaohsiung City 83301, Taiwan or (Y.-R.L.); (D.-Y.H.); (C.-C.H.); (C.-Y.L.)
- Center for Shockwave Medicine and Tissue Engineering, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung City 83301, Taiwan
- Department of Biological Science, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung City 80424, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology, Xiamen Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Xiamen 361126, China
- Correspondence: or (C.-H.L.); (T.-Y.T.); Tel.: +886-7-7317123 (ext. 2283) (C.-H.L.); Fax: +886-7-731-8762 (C.-H.L.)
| | - Yun-Ru Lai
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, 123 Ta Pei Road, Niao Sung District, Kaohsiung City 83301, Taiwan or (Y.-R.L.); (D.-Y.H.); (C.-C.H.); (C.-Y.L.)
| | - Fu-Min Fang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung City 83301, Taiwan;
| | - Teng-Yeow Tan
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, 123 Ta Pei Road, Niao Sung District, Kaohsiung City 83301, Taiwan or (Y.-R.L.); (D.-Y.H.); (C.-C.H.); (C.-Y.L.)
- Correspondence: or (C.-H.L.); (T.-Y.T.); Tel.: +886-7-7317123 (ext. 2283) (C.-H.L.); Fax: +886-7-731-8762 (C.-H.L.)
| | - Wen-Chan Chiu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung City 83301, Taiwan; (W.-C.C.); (B.-C.C.); (T.-L.H.)
| | - Dong-Yi Hsieh
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, 123 Ta Pei Road, Niao Sung District, Kaohsiung City 83301, Taiwan or (Y.-R.L.); (D.-Y.H.); (C.-C.H.); (C.-Y.L.)
| | - Chih-Cheng Huang
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, 123 Ta Pei Road, Niao Sung District, Kaohsiung City 83301, Taiwan or (Y.-R.L.); (D.-Y.H.); (C.-C.H.); (C.-Y.L.)
| | - Chia-Yi Lien
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, 123 Ta Pei Road, Niao Sung District, Kaohsiung City 83301, Taiwan or (Y.-R.L.); (D.-Y.H.); (C.-C.H.); (C.-Y.L.)
| | - Ben-Chung Cheng
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung City 83301, Taiwan; (W.-C.C.); (B.-C.C.); (T.-L.H.)
| | - Chih-Yen Chien
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung City 83301, Taiwan;
| | - Tai-Lin Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung City 83301, Taiwan; (W.-C.C.); (B.-C.C.); (T.-L.H.)
| | - Chia-Te Kung
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung City 83301, Taiwan;
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Phelan M, Hayashi SS, Sauerburger K, Henry J, Wu N, Hayashi RJ. Prevalence of hearing screening failures in low-risk childhood cancer survivors. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2022; 69:e29437. [PMID: 34854541 PMCID: PMC8712396 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.29437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We sought to estimate the frequency of hearing screening failures in pediatric cancer survivors at low risk for hearing loss and evaluate the feasibility of administering screenings in this population. PROCEDURE Survivors in the St. Louis Children's Hospital Late Effects Clinic were recruited. Eligibility included (a) diagnosis of a pediatric cancer treated without platinum chemotherapy or cranial radiation, (b) at least 6 months from completion of therapy, (c) between the ages of 7 and 18 years, (d) cognitively/behaviorally able to participate, and (e) English speaking. Behavioral hearing screenings from 1000 to 8000 Hz were performed by trained personnel using a calibrated audiometer. A failed screen was defined by a participant not responding to two or more of the three screening attempts for at least one frequency in at least one ear. RESULTS One hundred nine patients met eligibility criteria with 78 enrolled (71.5%). Diagnoses included leukemia (57.7%), sarcoma (11.5%), Wilms tumor (14.1%), lymphoma (12.8%), and other solid tumors (3.9%). The median age was 13.2 years (Q1-Q3: 9.6-15.4) and the median time from treatment completion was 3.7 years (Q1-Q3: 2.3-7.4). Eighteen patients (23%) failed the hearing screen (95% CI: 14%-34%). No demographic or treatment-related variables were significantly correlated to screening failure. Six screen failures (33%) underwent formal audiology assessments, with three demonstrating unilateral hearing loss: two conductive and one sensorineural. CONCLUSIONS A significant fraction of pediatric cancer survivors at low risk for hearing loss failed hearing screening. Broader use of hearing screening should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan Phelan
- Program in Audiology and Communication Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine
| | | | - Kara Sauerburger
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine
| | - Jennifer Henry
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine
| | - Ningying Wu
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine
| | - Robert J. Hayashi
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine
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Zhao Y, Hou X, Chai J, Zhang Z, Xue X, Huang F, Liu J, Shi L, Liu Y. Stapled Liposomes Enhance Cross-Priming of Radio-Immunotherapy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2107161. [PMID: 34767279 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202107161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The release of tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) and their cross-presentation in dendritic cells (DCs) are crucial for radio-immunotherapy. However, the irradiation resistance of tumor cells usually results in limited TAA generation and release. Importantly, TAAs internalized by DCs are easily degraded in lysosomes, resulting in unsatisfactory extent of TAA cross-presentation. Herein, an antigen-capturing stapled liposome (ACSL) with a robust structure and bioactive surface is developed. The ACSLs capture and transport TAAs from lysosomes to the cytoplasm in DCs, thereby enhancing TAA cross-presentation. l-arginine encapsulated in ACSLs induces robust T cell-dependent antitumor response and immune memory in 4T1 tumor-bearing mice after local irradiation, resulting in significant tumor suppression and an abscopal effect. Replacing l-arginine with radiosensitizers, photosensitizers, and photothermal agents may make ACSL a universal platform for the rapid development of various combinations of anticancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xiaoxue Hou
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmacokinetics for Innovative Drugs, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Jingshan Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Zhanzhan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xue Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Haihe Education Park, 38 Tongyan Road, Tianjin, 300353, China
| | - Fan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmacokinetics for Innovative Drugs, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Jianfeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmacokinetics for Innovative Drugs, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Linqi Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
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32
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Bansal N, Joshi C, Adams MJ, Hutchins K, Ray A, Lipshultz SE. Cardiotoxicity in pediatric lymphoma survivors. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2021; 19:957-974. [PMID: 34958622 DOI: 10.1080/14779072.2021.2013811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Over the past five decades, the diagnosis and management of children with various malignancies have improved tremendously. As a result, an increasing number of children are long-term cancer survivors. With improved survival, however, has come an increased risk of treatment-related cardiovascular complications that can appear decades later. AREAS COVERED This review discusses the pathophysiology, epidemiology and effects of treatment-related cardiovascular complications from anthracyclines and radiotherapy in pediatric lymphoma survivors. There is a paucity of evidence-based recommendations for screening for and treatment of cancer therapy-induced cardiovascular complications. We discuss current preventive measures and strategies for their treatment. EXPERT OPINION Significant cardiac adverse effects occur due to radiation and chemotherapy received by patients treated for lymphoma. Higher lifetime cumulative doses, female sex, longer follow-up, younger age, and preexisting cardiovascular disease are associated with a higher incidence of cardiotoxicity. With deeper understanding of the mechanisms of these adverse cardiac effects and identification of driver mutations causing these effects, personalized cancer therapy to limit cardiotoxic effects while ensuring an adequate anti-neoplastic effect would be ideal. In the meantime, expanding the use of cardioprotective agents with the best evidence such as dexrazoxane should be encouraged and further studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Bansal
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx NY, USA
| | - Chaitya Joshi
- Department of Pediatrics, University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo NY, USA
| | - Michael Jacob Adams
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester NY, USA
| | - Kelley Hutchins
- John A. Burns School of Medicine, Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Kapiolani Medical Center for Women and Children, Honolulu HI, USA
| | - Andrew Ray
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo NY, USA
| | - Steven E Lipshultz
- Department of Pediatrics, University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo NY, USA.,Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo NY, USA.,Pediatrics Department, John R. Oishei Children's Hospital, UBMD Pediatrics Practice Group, Buffalo NY, USA
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33
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Ionizing Radiation-Induced Brain Cell Aging and the Potential Underlying Molecular Mechanisms. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123570. [PMID: 34944078 PMCID: PMC8700624 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Population aging is occurring rapidly worldwide, challenging the global economy and healthcare services. Brain aging is a significant contributor to various age-related neurological and neuropsychological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Several extrinsic factors, such as exposure to ionizing radiation, can accelerate senescence. Multiple human and animal studies have reported that exposure to ionizing radiation can have varied effects on organ aging and lead to the prolongation or shortening of life span depending on the radiation dose or dose rate. This paper reviews the effects of radiation on the aging of different types of brain cells, including neurons, microglia, astrocytes, and cerebral endothelial cells. Further, the relevant molecular mechanisms are discussed. Overall, this review highlights how radiation-induced senescence in different cell types may lead to brain aging, which could result in the development of various neurological and neuropsychological disorders. Therefore, treatment targeting radiation-induced oxidative stress and neuroinflammation may prevent radiation-induced brain aging and the neurological and neuropsychological disorders it may cause.
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34
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Ali HE, Radwan RR. Synthesis, characterization and evaluation of resveratrol-loaded functionalized carbon nanotubes as a novel delivery system in radiation enteropathy. Eur J Pharm Sci 2021; 167:106002. [PMID: 34517108 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2021.106002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Radiation-induced enteropathy is a major clinical challenge during radiotherapy. Resveratrol displays beneficial pharmacological activities; however, low oral bioavailability limits its effectiveness. This study aims at preparing methacrylic acid (MAAc) functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs-MAAc) as carriers for pH triggered controlled release of resveratrol in an effort to improve the drug therapeutic potential. MWCNTs-MAAc were prepared using radiation technique and then characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. In vitro drug release profile at different pH values was analyzed. Furthermore, the designed RES-MWCNTs-MAAc nanocomplex was evaluated against radiation-induced enteropathy in rats. Oral administration of RES-MWCNTs-MAAc restored colonic redox state and elevated antioxidant enzymes activities glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) and reduced colonic inflammatory mediators tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interferone-γ (IFN-γ) contents in addition to declining the intrinsic apoptotic pathway as evidenced by down-regulation of Bax and caspase-3 proteins expression accompanied by up-regulation of Bcl-2 protein expression. RES-MWCNTs-MAAc was more efficient than free resveratrol due to the delivery system that allowed prolonged resveratrol release at target site. Thus, this formulation could serve as a beneficial anti-inflammatory approach for patients during radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussein E Ali
- Radiation Chemistry Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rasha R Radwan
- Drug Radiation Research Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, P.O. Box 29, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt.
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35
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Haruta D, Landes RD, Hida A, Imaizumi M, Ohishi W, Akahoshi M, Maemura K. Relationship Between Radiation Exposure and Incident Atrial Fibrillation Among Atomic Bomb Survivors. Circ Rep 2021; 3:381-387. [PMID: 34250279 PMCID: PMC8258179 DOI: 10.1253/circrep.cr-21-0059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common arrhythmia. Although radiation exposure is associated with an elevated risk of cardiovascular disease, the effects of radiation on arrhythmia, especially AF, are unclear. We evaluated the relationship between radiation and AF in a cohort of atomic bomb survivors. Methods and Results: From a baseline enrollment period (1967-1969) to 2009, 7,379 Hiroshima and Nagasaki atomic bomb survivors (mean baseline age 50.6 years, 65.8% women, 72.9% from Hiroshima) without AF and who had been exposed to estimated radiation doses between 0 and 3.614 Gy were followed-up once every 2 years. AF was identified by 12-lead electrocardiograms and medical records. Treating age as the time scale, AF incidence was modeled with Cox proportional hazards models adjusting for demographics, AF risk factors, and radiation. We modeled radiation as both a continuous variable and categorized according to radiation dose (Control [<0.005 Gy] and 5 equal-sized groups based on radiation dose quintiles in the cohort). Over 4 decades of follow-up, we identified 276 AF cases in 176,687 person-years, for an incidence rate of 1.56 per 1,000 person-years. After adjusting for sex and city, neither categorized, linear, nor linear-quadratic models showed substantive evidence of radiation effects. Similar results were obtained after adjusting for AF risk factors. Conclusions: There were no clear positive associations between radiation dose and AF risk, rather null or non-significant inverse associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Haruta
- Department of Clinical Studies, Radiation Effects Research Foundation Nagasaki and Hiroshima Japan.,Saikakai Shibata Chokodo Hospital Shimabara Japan
| | - Reid D Landes
- Department of Statistics, Radiation Effects Research Foundation Hiroshima Japan.,Department of Biostatistics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Little Rock, AR USA
| | - Ayumi Hida
- Department of Clinical Studies, Radiation Effects Research Foundation Nagasaki and Hiroshima Japan
| | - Misa Imaizumi
- Department of Clinical Studies, Radiation Effects Research Foundation Nagasaki and Hiroshima Japan
| | - Waka Ohishi
- Department of Clinical Studies, Radiation Effects Research Foundation Nagasaki and Hiroshima Japan
| | - Masazumi Akahoshi
- Department of Clinical Studies, Radiation Effects Research Foundation Nagasaki and Hiroshima Japan.,Wakokai Keiju Hospital Isahaya Japan
| | - Koji Maemura
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Nagasaki Japan
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36
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Dougherty MC, Shibata SB, Hansen MR. The biological underpinnings of radiation therapy for vestibular schwannomas: Review of the literature. Laryngoscope Investig Otolaryngol 2021; 6:458-468. [PMID: 34195368 PMCID: PMC8223465 DOI: 10.1002/lio2.553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Radiation therapy is a mainstay in the treatment of numerous neoplasms. Numerous publications have reported good clinical outcomes for primary radiation therapy for Vestibular Schwannomas (VS). However, there are relatively few pathologic specimens of VSs available to evaluate post-radiation, which has led to a relative dearth in research on the cellular mechanisms underlying the effects of radiation therapy on VSs. METHODS Here we review the latest literature on the complex biological effects of radiation therapy on these benign tumors-including resistance to oxidative stress, mechanisms of DNA damage repair, alterations in normal growth factor pathways, changes in surrounding vasculature, and alterations in immune responses following radiation. RESULTS Although VSs are highly radioresistant, radiotherapy is often successful in arresting their growth. CONCLUSION By better understanding the mechanisms underlying these effects, we could potentially harness such mechanisms in the future to potentiate the clinical effects of radiotherapy on VSs. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE N/A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark C. Dougherty
- Department of NeurosurgeryUniversity of Iowa Hospitals & ClinicsIowa CityIowaUSA
| | - Seiji B. Shibata
- Department of Otolaryngology, Keck School of Medicine of USCUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Marlan R. Hansen
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head & Neck SurgeryUniversity of Iowa Hospitals & ClinicsIowa CityIowaUSA
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37
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El-Missiry MA, Shabana S, Ghazala SJ, Othman AI, Amer ME. Melatonin exerts a neuroprotective effect against γ-radiation-induced brain injury in the rat through the modulation of neurotransmitters, inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:31108-31121. [PMID: 33598836 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-12951-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The current study aimed to investigate the ameliorative effect of melatonin (MLT) against brain injury in rats undergoing whole-body exposure to γ-radiation. Male Wistar rats were whole-body exposed to 4-Gy γ-radiation from a cesium-137 source. MLT (10 mg/kg) was orally administrated 30 minutes before irradiation and continued once daily for 1 and 7 days after exposure. In the irradiated rats, the plasma levels of glutamate were increased, while the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) levels were decreased, and MLT improved the disturbed glutamate and GABA levels. These effects paralleled an increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1b, IL-6, and TNF-a) and C-reactive protein as well as a decrease in IL-10 in the plasma of the irradiated rats. MLT treatment markedly reduced these effects, indicating its anti-inflammatory impact. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated a remarkable upregulation of caspase-3 and P53 expression, indicating the increased apoptosis in the brain of irradiated rats. MLT significantly downregulated the expression of these parameters compared with that in the irradiated rats, indicating its anti-apoptotic effect. Oxidative stress is developed in the brain as evidenced by increased levels of malondialdehyde; decreased activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase; and decreased content of glutathione in the brain. MLT remarkably ameliorated the development of oxidative stress in the brain of the irradiated rats indicating its antioxidant impact. The histopathological results were consistent with the biochemical and immunohistochemical results and showed that MLT remarkably protected the histological structure of brain tissue compared with that in the irradiated rats. In conclusion, MLT showed potential neuroprotective properties by increasing the release of neurotransmitters, antioxidants, and anti-inflammatory factors and reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines and apoptosis in the brain of irradiated rats. MLT can be beneficial in clinical and occupational settings requiring radiation exposure; however, additional studies are required to elucidate its neuroprotective effect in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sameh Shabana
- Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Sara J Ghazala
- Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Azza I Othman
- Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Maggie E Amer
- Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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38
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Radiation Triggers a Dynamic Sequence of Transient Microglial Alterations in Juvenile Brain. Cell Rep 2021; 31:107699. [PMID: 32492415 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cranial irradiation (IR), an effective tool to treat malignant brain tumors, triggers a chronic pro-inflammatory microglial response, at least in the adult brain. Using single-cell and bulk RNA sequencing, combined with histology, we show that the microglial response in the juvenile mouse hippocampus is rapid but returns toward normal within 1 week. The response is characterized by a series of temporally distinct homeostasis-, sensome-, and inflammation-related molecular signatures. We find that a single microglial cell simultaneously upregulates transcripts associated with pro- and anti-inflammatory microglial phenotypes. Finally, we show that juvenile and adult irradiated microglia are already transcriptionally distinct in the early phase after IR. Our results indicate that microglia are involved in the initial stages but may not be responsible for driving long-term inflammation in the juvenile brain.
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39
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Kim A, Yonemoto C, Feliciano CP, Shashni B, Nagasaki Y. Antioxidant Nanomedicine Significantly Enhances the Survival Benefit of Radiation Cancer Therapy by Mitigating Oxidative Stress-Induced Side Effects. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2008210. [PMID: 33860635 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202008210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress-induced off-target effects limit the therapeutic window of radiation therapy. Although many antioxidants have been evaluated as radioprotective agents, none of them are in widespread clinical use, owing to the side effects of the antioxidants themselves and the lack of apparent benefit. Aiming for a truly effective radioprotective agent in radiation cancer therapy, the performance of a self-assembling antioxidant nanoparticle (herein denoted as redox nanoparticle; RNP) is evaluated in the local irradiation of a subcutaneous tumor-bearing mouse model. Since RNP is covered with a biocompatible shell layer and possesses a core-shell type structure of several tens of nanometers in size, its lifetime in the systemic circulation is prolonged. Moreover, since 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO), one of the most potent antioxidants, is covalently encapsulated in the core of RNP, it exerts intense antioxidant activity and induces fewer adverse effects by avoiding leakage of the TEMPO molecules. Preadministration of RNP to the mouse model effectively mitigates side effects in normal tissues and significantly extends the survival benefit of radiation cancer therapy. Moreover, RNP pretreatment noticeably increases the apoptosis/necrosis ratio of radiation-induced cell death, a highly desirable property to reduce the chronic side effects of ionizing irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahram Kim
- Department of Materials Science, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8573, Japan
| | - Chiaki Yonemoto
- Department of Materials Science, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8573, Japan
| | - Chitho P Feliciano
- Radiation Research Center (RRC), Philippine Nuclear Research Institute, Department of Science and Technology (DOST-PNRI), Commonwealth Avenue, Diliman, Quezon City, 1101, Philippines
- Health Physics Research Section, Atomic Research Division, Philippine Nuclear Research Institute, Department of Science and Technology (DOST-PNRI), Commonwealth Avenue, Diliman, Quezon City, 1101, Philippines
| | - Babita Shashni
- Department of Materials Science, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8573, Japan
| | - Yukio Nagasaki
- Department of Materials Science, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8573, Japan
- Master's School of Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8573, Japan
- Center for Research in Isotopes and Environmental Dynamics (CRiED), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8573, Japan
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40
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Sun L, Inaba Y, Sogo Y, Ito A, Bekal M, Chida K, Moritake T. Total body irradiation causes a chronic decrease in antioxidant levels. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6716. [PMID: 33762608 PMCID: PMC7990969 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86187-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ionizing radiation exposure may not only cause acute radiation syndrome, but also an increased risk of late effects. It has been hypothesized that induction of chronic oxidative stress mediates the late effects of ionizing radiation. However, only a few reports have analyzed changes in long-term antioxidant capacity after irradiation in vivo. Our previous study demonstrated changes in whole-blood antioxidant capacity and red blood cell (RBC) glutathione levels within 50 days after total body irradiation (TBI). In this study, seven-week-old, male, C57BL/6J mice exposed to total body irradiation by X-ray and changes in whole-blood antioxidant capacity and RBC glutathione levels at ≥ 100 days after TBI were investigated. Whole-blood antioxidant capacity was chronically decreased in the 5-Gy group. The RBC reduced glutathione (GSH) level and the GSH/oxidative glutathione (GSSG) ratio were chronically decreased after ≥ 1 Gy of TBI. Interestingly, the complete blood counts (CBC) changed less with 1-Gy exposure, suggesting that GSH and the GSH/GSSG ratio were more sensitive radiation exposure markers than whole-blood antioxidant capacity and CBC counts. It has been reported that GSH depletion is one of the triggers leading to cataracts, hypertension, and atherosclerosis, and these diseases are also known as radiation-induced late effects. The present findings further suggest that chronic antioxidant reduction may contribute to the pathogenesis of late radiation effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lue Sun
- Health and Medical Research Institute, Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 6, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8566, Japan.
| | - Yohei Inaba
- Course of Radiological Technology, Health Sciences, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo, Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan.,Department of Radiation Disaster Medicine, International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, Aramaki Aza-Aoba 468-1, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-0845, Japan
| | - Yu Sogo
- Health and Medical Research Institute, Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 6, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8566, Japan
| | - Atsuo Ito
- Health and Medical Research Institute, Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 6, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8566, Japan
| | - Mahesh Bekal
- Department of Radiobiology and Hygiene Management, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 807-8555, Japan
| | - Koichi Chida
- Course of Radiological Technology, Health Sciences, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo, Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan.,Department of Radiation Disaster Medicine, International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, Aramaki Aza-Aoba 468-1, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-0845, Japan
| | - Takashi Moritake
- Department of Radiobiology and Hygiene Management, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 807-8555, Japan.
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Motallebnejad M, Zahedpasha S, Moghadamnia AA, Kazemi S, Moslemi D, Pouramir M, Asgharpour F. Protective effect of lycopene on oral mucositis and antioxidant capacity of blood plasma in the rat exposed to gamma radiation. CASPIAN JOURNAL OF INTERNAL MEDICINE 2021; 11:419-425. [PMID: 33680384 PMCID: PMC7911765 DOI: 10.22088/cjim.11.4.419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Background: Nowadays, radiotherapy is used effectively for the treatment of head and neck cancers. Mucositis is one of the most important side effects of radiotherapy. Radio-protective agents protect tissues and cells against the adverse effects due to ionizing radiation and cleave radiation-induced free radicals. Lycopene as a potent antioxidant protects cells against oxidative damage by free radical–scavenging. The present study investigated the antioxidant effect of lycopene on oral mucosa of irradiated rats. Methods: In this experimental animal study, 28 rats were placed in four groups as follows: treated with 50 mg /kg of lycopene (L50), solvent+irradiation (SR), 25 mg / kg of lycopene+irradiation (LR25), and 50 mg / kg of lycopene+irradiation (LR50). The rats received lycopene intraperitoneally. On the irradiation day (day 0) and tenth day of radiation, blood samples were taken from the animals for FRAP and TBARS tests. Results: The results showed that the LR50 group did not show mucositis higher than grade 2. There was a significant difference (p<0.05) between SR and the L50 regarding the severity of mucositis. In addition, L50 showed higher antioxidant activity and lower peroxidation than SR. Conclusion: Lycopene reduced the severity of mucositis. Therefore, it can be used as a potential and promising nutritional substance to prevent radiotherapy complications, especially in the treatment of head and neck cancers. However, further research is necessary to confirm these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Motallebnejad
- Oral Health Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | | | - Ali Akbar Moghadamnia
- Neuroscience Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.,Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Sohrab Kazemi
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Daryoush Moslemi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Mahdi Pouramir
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Fariba Asgharpour
- Dental Materials Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
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Mantawy EM, Said RS, Kassem DH, Abdel-Aziz AK, Badr AM. Novel molecular mechanisms underlying the ameliorative effect of N-acetyl-L-cysteine against ϒ-radiation-induced premature ovarian failure in rats. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 206:111190. [PMID: 32871518 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Radiotherapy represents a critical component in cancer treatment. However, premature ovarian failure (POF) is a major hurdle of deleterious off-target effects in young females, which, therefore, call for an effective radioprotective agent. The present study aimed to explore the molecular mechanism underlying the protective effects of N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) against γ-radiation-provoked POF. Immature female Sprague-Dawley rats were orally-administered NAC (50 mg/kg) and were exposed to a single whole-body dose of 3.2 Gy ϒ-radiation. NAC administration remarkably reversed abnormal serum estradiol and anti-Müllerian hormone levels by 73% and 40%, respectively while ameliorating the histopathological and ultrastructural alterations-triggered by γ-radiation. Mechanistically, NAC alleviated radiation-induced oxidative damage through significantly increased glutathione peroxidase activity by 102% alongside with decreasing NADPH oxidase subunits (p22 and NOX4) gene expressions by 48% and 38%, respectively compared to the irradiated untreated group. Moreover, NAC administration achieved its therapeutic effect by inhibiting ovarian apoptosis-induced by radiation through downregulating p53 and Bax levels by 33% and 16%, respectively while increasing the Bcl-2 mRNA expression by 135%. Hence, the Bax/Bcl2 ratio and cytochrome c expression were subsequently reduced leading to decreased caspase 3 activity by 43%. Importantly, the anti-apoptotic property of NAC could be attributed to inactivation of MAPK signaling molecules; p38 and JNK, and enhancement of the ovarian vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression. Taken together, our results suggest that NAC can inhibit radiotherapy-induced POF while preserving ovarian function and structure through upregulating VEGF expression and suppressing NOX4/MAPK/p53 apoptotic signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman M Mantawy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Riham S Said
- Department of Drug Radiation Research, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Dina H Kassem
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amal Kamal Abdel-Aziz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amira Mohamed Badr
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Suman S, Jaruga P, Dizdaroglu M, Fornace AJ, Datta K. Heavy ion space radiation triggers ongoing DNA base damage by downregulating DNA repair pathways. LIFE SCIENCES IN SPACE RESEARCH 2020; 27:27-32. [PMID: 34756227 DOI: 10.1016/j.lssr.2020.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Long-duration space missions outside low earth orbit will expose astronauts to a cumulative dose of high-energy particle radiation especially to highly damaging heavy ion radiation, which poses considerable risk to astronauts' health. The purpose of the current study was to quantitatively identify oxidatively induced DNA base modifications and assess status of the repair pathways involved in removing the modified bases in mouse intestinal cells after exposure to γ-rays and iron radiation. Mice (C57BL/6J; 6 to 8 weeks; female) were exposed to 0.5 Gy of either γ-rays or iron radiation and control mice were sham-irradiated. Intestinal tissues were collected 2 months after radiation. DNA base lesions were measured using gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry with isotope‑dilution. Base excision repair (BER) and nucleotide excision repair (NER) pathways were assessed using PCR and immunoblotting. Effects of iron radiation were compared to γ-rays and sham-irradiated controls. Exposure to iron radiation resulted in significantly higher levels of several DNA base lesions relative to control animals and those exposed to γ radiation. Assessment of BER and NER showed downregulation of pathway factors both at the RNA as well as at the protein levels. Our results not only provide important insight into DNA damage pattern in intestinal cells in response to iron radiation, but they also confirm our previous immunohistochemistry data on oxidatively induced DNA damage. We suggest that downregulation of the BER and NER pathways is contributing to ongoing DNA base damages long time after radiation exposure and has implications for chronic diseases including gastrointestinal diseases after heavy ion radiation exposure during space travel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubhankar Suman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Research Building, Room E518, 3970 Reservoir Rd., NW, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Pawel Jaruga
- Biomolecular Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Miral Dizdaroglu
- Biomolecular Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Albert J Fornace
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Research Building, Room E518, 3970 Reservoir Rd., NW, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Kamal Datta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Research Building, Room E518, 3970 Reservoir Rd., NW, Washington, DC 20057, USA.
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Dysregulated Cardiac IGF-1 Signaling and Antioxidant Response Are Associated with Radiation Sensitivity. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21145049. [PMID: 32708958 PMCID: PMC7404117 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21145049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute exposure to ionizing radiation leads to Hematopoietic Acute Radiation Syndrome (H-ARS). To understand the inter-strain cellular and molecular mechanisms of radiation sensitivity, adult males of two strains of minipig, one with higher radiosensitivity, the Gottingen minipig (GMP), and another strain with comparatively lower radiosensitivity, the Sinclair minipig (SMP), were exposed to total body irradiation (TBI). Since Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 (IGF-1) signaling is associated with radiation sensitivity and regulation of cardiovascular homeostasis, we investigated the link between dysregulation of cardiac IGF-1 signaling and radiosensitivity. The adult male GMP; n = 48, and SMP; n = 24, were irradiated using gamma photons at 1.7–2.3 Gy doses. The animals that survived to day 45 after irradiation were euthanized and termed the survivors. Those animals that were euthanized prior to day 45 post-irradiation due to severe illness or health deterioration were termed the decedents. Cardiac tissue analysis of unirradiated and irradiated animals showed that inter-strain radiosensitivity and survival outcomes in H-ARS are associated with activation status of the cardiac IGF-1 signaling and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-mediated induction of antioxidant gene expression. Our data link H-ARS with dysregulation of cardiac IGF-1 signaling, and highlight the role of oxidative stress and cardiac antioxidant response in radiation sensitivity.
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Bálentová S, Adamkov M. Pathological changes in the central nervous system following exposure to ionizing radiation. Physiol Res 2020; 69:389-404. [PMID: 32469226 PMCID: PMC8648310 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Experimental studies in animals provide relevant knowledge about pathogenesis of radiation-induced injury to the central nervous system. Radiation-induced injury can alter neuronal, glial cell population, brain vasculature and may lead to molecular, cellular and functional consequences. Regarding to its fundamental role in the formation of new memories, spatial navigation and adult neurogenesis, the majority of studies have focused on the hippocampus. Most recent findings in cranial radiotherapy revealed that hippocampal avoidance prevents radiation-induced cognitive impairment of patients with brain primary tumors and metastases. However, numerous preclinical studies have shown that this problem is more complex. Regarding the fact, that the radiation-induced cognitive impairment reflects hippocampal and non-hippocampal compartments, it is highly important to investigate molecular, cellular and functional changes in different brain regions and their integration at clinically relevant doses and schedules. Here, we provide a literature review in order support the translation of preclinical findings to clinical practice and improve the physical and mental status of patients with brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bálentová
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovak Republic.
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Bakshi HA, Zoubi MSA, Faruck HL, Aljabali AAA, Rabi FA, Hafiz AA, Al-Batanyeh KM, Al-Trad B, Ansari P, Nasef MM, Charbe NB, Satija S, Mehta M, Mishra V, Gupta G, Abobaker S, Negi P, Azzouz IM, Dardouri AAK, Dureja H, Prasher P, Chellappan DK, Dua K, Silva MWD, Tanani ME, McCarron PA, M. Tambuwala M. Dietary Crocin is Protective in Pancreatic Cancer while Reducing Radiation-Induced Hepatic Oxidative Damage. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12061901. [PMID: 32604971 PMCID: PMC7353213 DOI: 10.3390/nu12061901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the fatal causes of global cancer-related deaths. Although surgery and chemotherapy are standard treatment options, post-treatment outcomes often end in a poor prognosis. In the present study, we investigated anti-pancreatic cancer and amelioration of radiation-induced oxidative damage by crocin. Crocin is a carotenoid isolated from the dietary herb saffron, a prospect for novel leads as an anti-cancer agent. Crocin significantly reduced cell viability of BXPC3 and Capan-2 by triggering caspase signaling via the downregulation of Bcl-2. It modulated the expression of cell cycle signaling proteins P53, P21, P27, CDK2, c-MYC, Cyt-c and P38. Concomitantly, crocin treatment-induced apoptosis by inducing the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria to cytosol. Microarray analysis of the expression signature of genes induced by crocin showed a substantial number of genes involved in cell signaling pathways and checkpoints (723) are significantly affected by crocin. In mice bearing pancreatic tumors, crocin significantly reduced tumor burden without a change in body weight. Additionally, it showed significant protection against radiation-induced hepatic oxidative damage, reduced the levels of hepatic toxicity and preserved liver morphology. These findings indicate that crocin has a potential role in the treatment, prevention and management of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid A. Bakshi
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Ulster University, Coleraine BT52 1SA, UK; (M.W.D.S.); (P.A.M.)
- Correspondence: or (H.A.B.); (H.L.F.); (M.M.T.)
| | - Mazhar S Al Zoubi
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, Irbid 566, Jordan;
| | - Hakkim L. Faruck
- Department of Mathematics and Sciences, College of Arts and Applied Sciences, Dhofar University, Salalah 211, Oman
- Correspondence: or (H.A.B.); (H.L.F.); (M.M.T.)
| | - Alaa A A Aljabali
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yarmouk University, Irbid 566, Jordan;
| | - Firas A. Rabi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, Irbid 21163, Jordan;
| | - Amin A. Hafiz
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21421, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Khalid M Al-Batanyeh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Yarmouk University, Irbid 566, Jordan; (K.M.A.-B.); (B.A.-T.)
| | - Bahaa Al-Trad
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Yarmouk University, Irbid 566, Jordan; (K.M.A.-B.); (B.A.-T.)
| | - Prawej Ansari
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine BT52 1SA, UK;
| | - Mohamed M. Nasef
- Department of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield HD13DH, UK;
| | - Nitin B. Charbe
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Libertador Bernardo O’Higgins, Santiago 340, Región Metropolitana, Chile;
| | - Saurabh Satija
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India; (S.S.); (M.M.); (V.M.)
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia;
| | - Meenu Mehta
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India; (S.S.); (M.M.); (V.M.)
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia;
| | - Vijay Mishra
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India; (S.S.); (M.M.); (V.M.)
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jagatpura, Mahal Road, Jaipur, Rajasthan 302017, India;
| | - Salem Abobaker
- Department of Gynecology, European Competence Center for Ovarian Cancer, Campus Virchow, Klinikum Charite-Universitatmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Poonam Negi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Bajhol, Sultanpur, Solan, Himachal Pradesh 173229, India;
| | - Ibrahim M. Azzouz
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology, and Allergology, Charite-Universitatsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universitat Berlin, Chariteplatz1, 10117 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Ashref Ali K Dardouri
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield HD13DH, UK;
| | - Harish Dureja
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana 124001, India;
| | - Parteek Prasher
- Department of Chemistry, University of Petroleum & Energy Studies, Dehradun 248007, India;
| | - Dinesh K. Chellappan
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia;
| | - Kamal Dua
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia;
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Bajhol, Sultanpur, Solan, Himachal Pradesh 173229, India;
| | - Mateus Webba Da Silva
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Ulster University, Coleraine BT52 1SA, UK; (M.W.D.S.); (P.A.M.)
| | - Mohamed El Tanani
- Pharmacological and Diagnostic Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman 19328, Jordan;
| | - Paul A. McCarron
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Ulster University, Coleraine BT52 1SA, UK; (M.W.D.S.); (P.A.M.)
| | - Murtaza M. Tambuwala
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Ulster University, Coleraine BT52 1SA, UK; (M.W.D.S.); (P.A.M.)
- Correspondence: or (H.A.B.); (H.L.F.); (M.M.T.)
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Vicente E, Vujaskovic Z, Jackson IL. A Systematic Review of Metabolomic and Lipidomic Candidates for Biomarkers in Radiation Injury. Metabolites 2020; 10:E259. [PMID: 32575772 PMCID: PMC7344731 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10060259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A large-scale nuclear event has the ability to inflict mass casualties requiring point-of-care and laboratory-based diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers to inform victim triage and appropriate medical intervention. Extensive progress has been made to develop post-exposure point-of-care biodosimetry assays and to identify biomarkers that may be used in early phase testing to predict the course of the disease. Screening for biomarkers has recently extended to identify specific metabolomic and lipidomic responses to radiation using animal models. The objective of this review was to determine which metabolites or lipids most frequently experienced perturbations post-ionizing irradiation (IR) in preclinical studies using animal models of acute radiation sickness (ARS) and delayed effects of acute radiation exposure (DEARE). Upon review of approximately 65 manuscripts published in the peer-reviewed literature, the most frequently referenced metabolites showing clear changes in IR induced injury were found to be citrulline, citric acid, creatine, taurine, carnitine, xanthine, creatinine, hypoxanthine, uric acid, and threonine. Each metabolite was evaluated by specific study parameters to determine whether trends were in agreement across several studies. A select few show agreement across variable animal models, IR doses and timepoints, indicating that they may be ubiquitous and appropriate for use in diagnostic or prognostic biomarker panels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Isabel L. Jackson
- Division of Translational Radiation Sciences, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (E.V.); (Z.V.)
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Yahyapour R, Amini P, Saffar H, Motevaseli E, Farhood B, Pooladvand V, Shabeeb D, Musa AE, Najafi M. Protective Effect of Metformin, Resveratrol and Alpha-lipoic Acid on Radiation- Induced Pneumonitis and Fibrosis: A Histopathological Study. Curr Drug Res Rev 2020; 11:111-117. [PMID: 31875783 DOI: 10.2174/2589977511666191018180758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiation-induced pneumonitis and fibrosis are the most common side effects of chest radiotherapy. They result from massive and chronic production of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), inhibition of antioxidant enzymes as well as the release of several inflammatory mediators. In this study, we aimed to detect the radioprotective effects of metformin (as inhibitor of mitochondrial ROS), resveratrol (as stimulator of antioxidant defense enzymes) and alpha-lipoic acid (as direct antioxidant) for alleviating radiation-induced pneumonitis and fibrosis. METHODS 80 Male Mice were randomly allotted to eight groups which include G1: control; G2: resveratrol; G3: alpha-lipoic acid; G4: metformin; G5: radiation; G6: radiation plus resveratrol; G7: radiation plus alpha-lipoic acid; G8: radiation plus metformin. Drugs' doses were as follows: 100 mg/kg metformin, 200 mg/kg resveratrol and 200 mg/kg alpha-lipoic acid. Irradiation with a single radiation dose of 18 Gy was performed using a cobalt-60 (60Co) gamma-ray source. After 80 days, all mice were sacrificed and their lung tissues evaluated for morphological changes using histopathological markers. RESULTS Irradiation led to acute pneumonitis including infiltration of inflammatory cells and damages to alveolar and vascular, as well as mild fibrosis. Metformin, alpha-lipoic acid and resveratrol were able to reduce pneumonitis and overcome radiation-induced fibrosis. CONCLUSION All agents could protect against radiation-induced lung injury moderately. It is possible that administering higher doses of these drugs over a long period of time could give better radioprotection of the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasoul Yahyapour
- School of Medicine, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran
| | - Peyman Amini
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Paramedical, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hana Saffar
- Clinical and Anatomical Pathologist at Tehran University of Medical Science, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elahe Motevaseli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bagher Farhood
- Departments of Medical Physics and Radiology, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Vahid Pooladvand
- Department of Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran
| | - Dheyauldeen Shabeeb
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Misan, Misan, Iraq
| | - Ahmed Eleojo Musa
- Department of Medical Physics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Physics, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria
| | - Masoud Najafi
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Department, School of Paramedical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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49
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The Role of Sirtuin 3 in Radiation-Induced Long-Term Persistent Liver Injury. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9050409. [PMID: 32403251 PMCID: PMC7278565 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9050409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In patients with abdominal region cancers, ionizing radiation (IR)-induced long-term liver injury is a major limiting factor in the use of radiotherapy. Previously, the major mitochondrial deacetylase, sirtuin 3 (SIRT3), has been implicated to play an important role in the development of acute liver injury after total body irradiation but no studies to date have examined the role of SIRT3 in liver's chronic response to radiation. In the current study, ten-month-old Sirt3-/- and Sirt3+/+ male mice received 24 Gy radiation targeted to liver. Six months after exposure, irradiated Sirt3-/- mice livers demonstrated histopathological elevations in inflammatory infiltration, the loss of mature bile ducts and higher DNA damage (TUNEL) as well as protein oxidation (3-nitrotyrosine). In addition, increased expression of inflammatory chemokines (IL-6, IL-1β, TGF-β) and fibrotic factors (Procollagen 1, α-SMA) were also measured in Sirt3-/- mice following 24 Gy IR. The alterations measured in enzymatic activities of catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase in the livers of irradiated Sirt3-/- mice also implied that hydrogen peroxide and hydroperoxide sensitive signaling cascades in the absence of SIRT3 might contribute to the IR-induced long-term liver injury.
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50
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Abou Daher A, Francis M, Azzam P, Ahmad A, Eid AA, Fornoni A, Marples B, Zeidan YH. Modulation of radiation-induced damage of human glomerular endothelial cells by SMPDL3B. FASEB J 2020; 34:7915-7926. [PMID: 32293077 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201902179r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The intracellular molecular pathways involved in radiation-induced nephropathy are still poorly understood. Glomerular endothelial cells are key components of the structure and function of the glomerular filtration barrier but little is known about the mechanisms implicated in their injury and repair. The current study establishes the response of immortalized human glomerular endothelial cells (GEnC) to ionizing radiation (IR). We investigated the role of sphingolipids and the lipid-modifying enzyme sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase acid-like 3b (SMPDL3b) in radiation-induced GEnC damage. After delivering a single dose of radiation, long and very-long-chain ceramide species, and the expression levels of SMPDL3b were elevated. In contrast, levels of ceramide-1-phosphate (C1P) dropped in a time-dependent manner although mRNA and protein levels of ceramide kinase (CERK) remained stable. Treatment with C1P or knocking down SMPDL3b partially restored cell survival and conferred radioprotection. We also report a novel role for the NADPH oxidase enzymes (NOXs), namely NOX1, and NOX-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) in radiation-induced GEnC damage. Subjecting cultured endothelial cells to radiation was associated with increased NOX activity and superoxide anion generation. Silencing NOX1 using NOX1-specific siRNA mitigated radiation-induced oxidative stress and cellular injury. In addition, we report a novel connection between NOX and SMPDL3b. Treatment with the NOX inhibitor, GKT, decreased radiation-induced cellular injury and restored SMPDL3b basal levels of expression. Our findings indicate the importance of SMPDL3b as a potential therapeutic target in radiation-induced kidney damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa Abou Daher
- Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Marina Francis
- Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Patrick Azzam
- Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Anis Ahmad
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Miller School of Medicine, Sylvester Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Assaad A Eid
- Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Alessia Fornoni
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Peggy, Harold Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Brian Marples
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Miller School of Medicine, Sylvester Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Youssef H Zeidan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Miller School of Medicine, Sylvester Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.,Department of Radiation Oncology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
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