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Leonarski E, Kuasnei M, Santos EH, Moraes PAD, Cesca K, de Oliveira D, Zielinski AAF. The Potential of Crude and Partially Purified Black Rice Bran Extracts Obtained by Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction: Anti-Glycemic, Cytotoxicity, Cytoprotective, and Antitumoral Effects. Foods 2024; 13:597. [PMID: 38397574 PMCID: PMC10887987 DOI: 10.3390/foods13040597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Recovering anthocyanins from black rice bran is a way of valuing this byproduct, by obtaining an extract with biological potential. The objective of this study was to recover anthocyanins using ultrasound-assisted extraction. Some of the extract was partially purified, and both (crude and partially purified) extracts were evaluated for their anthocyanin content, antioxidant activity, antidiabetic and antitumoral activities, cytotoxicity, and oxidative stress. An increase in the laboratory scale was also achieved, making possible to increase the extraction volume up to 20 times without significantly changing the content of anthocyanins (1.85 mg C3G/g DW). It was found that the purified sample presented a 4.2 times higher value of total anthocyanins compared to the crude sample. The best IC50 values for the purified sample were verified by DPPH and ABTS (0.76 and 0.33 mg/mL). The best results for antidiabetic activity were obtained for the partially purified sample: 0.82 µM C3G for α-glucosidase and 12.5 µM C3G for α-amylase. The extracts demonstrated protection (~70%) when subjected to the oxidative stress of L929 cells. An antitumoral effect of 25-30% for both extracts was found in A459 cells. The crude and partially purified extracts of black rice have antidiabetic and anticancer effects and more studies are needed to explore their potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Leonarski
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis 88010-970, SC, Brazil; (E.L.); (M.K.); (E.H.S.); (K.C.); (D.d.O.)
| | - Mayara Kuasnei
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis 88010-970, SC, Brazil; (E.L.); (M.K.); (E.H.S.); (K.C.); (D.d.O.)
| | - Eloisa H. Santos
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis 88010-970, SC, Brazil; (E.L.); (M.K.); (E.H.S.); (K.C.); (D.d.O.)
| | - Paulo A. D. Moraes
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis 88010-970, SC, Brazil;
| | - Karina Cesca
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis 88010-970, SC, Brazil; (E.L.); (M.K.); (E.H.S.); (K.C.); (D.d.O.)
| | - Débora de Oliveira
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis 88010-970, SC, Brazil; (E.L.); (M.K.); (E.H.S.); (K.C.); (D.d.O.)
| | - Acácio A. F. Zielinski
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis 88010-970, SC, Brazil; (E.L.); (M.K.); (E.H.S.); (K.C.); (D.d.O.)
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Costa MM, Spínola MP, Prates JAM. Microalgae as an Alternative Mineral Source in Poultry Nutrition. Vet Sci 2024; 11:44. [PMID: 38275926 PMCID: PMC10819150 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci11010044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
This review explores the potential of microalgae as a sustainable and nutritionally rich alternative for mineral supplementation in poultry diets, addressing both the opportunities and challenges in this emerging field. Poultry nutrition, pivotal to the health and productivity of birds, traditionally relies on inorganic and organic mineral sources which, while effective, raise environmental and economic concerns. Microalgae offer a promising solution with their high contents of essential minerals, proteins, vitamins, and bioactive compounds. This review delves into the nutritional profiles of various microalgae, highlighting their rich contents of minerals which are crucial for physiological processes in poultry. It examines the bioavailability of these minerals and their impact on poultry health and productivity. Furthermore, it evaluates the environmental sustainability of microalgae cultivation and acknowledges the challenges in using microalgae in poultry diets, particularly in terms of the economic viability of large-scale production and the consistency of nutrient composition. It discusses the importance of rigorous safety assessments and regulatory compliance, given the potential risks of toxins and heavy metals. Overall, this analysis aims to provide a clear understanding of the role microalgae could play in poultry nutrition and address sustainability challenges in animal agriculture while also considering future perspectives and advancements needed in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica M. Costa
- CIISA—Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal; (M.M.C.); (M.P.S.)
- Laboratório Associado para Ciência Animal e Veterinária (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Maria P. Spínola
- CIISA—Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal; (M.M.C.); (M.P.S.)
- Laboratório Associado para Ciência Animal e Veterinária (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - José A. M. Prates
- CIISA—Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal; (M.M.C.); (M.P.S.)
- Laboratório Associado para Ciência Animal e Veterinária (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
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Yeh YC, Ebbing T, Frick K, Schmid-Staiger U, Haasdonk B, Tovar GEM. Improving Determination of Pigment Contents in Microalgae Suspension with Absorption Spectroscopy: Light Scattering Effect and Bouguer-Lambert-Beer Law. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:619. [PMID: 38132940 PMCID: PMC10744667 DOI: 10.3390/md21120619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The Bouguer-Lambert-Beer (BLB) law serves as the fundamental basis for the spectrophotometric determination of pigment content in microalgae. Although it has been observed that the applicability of the BLB law is compromised by the light scattering effect in microalgae suspensions, in-depth research concerning the relationship between the light scattering effect and the accuracy of spectrophotometric pigment determination remains scarce. We hypothesized that (1) the precision of spectrophotometric pigment content determination using the BLB law would diminish with increasing nonlinearity of absorbance, and (2) employing the modified version of the BLB (mBLB) law would yield superior performance. To assess our hypotheses, we cultivated Phaeodactylum tricornutum under varying illumination conditions and nitrogen supplies in controlled indoor experiments, resulting in suspensions with diverse pigment contents. Subsequently, P. tricornutum samples were diluted into subsamples, and spectral measurements were conducted using different combinations of biomass concentrations and path lengths. This was carried out to assess the applicability of the BLB law and the nonlinearity of absorbance. The chlorophyll a and fucoxanthin contents in the samples were analyzed via high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and subsequently used in our modeling. Our findings confirm our hypotheses, showing that the modified BLB law outperforms the original BLB law in terms of the normalized root mean square error (NRMSE): 6.3% for chlorophyll a and 5.8% for fucoxanthin, compared to 8.5% and 7.9%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Cheng Yeh
- Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGB, Nobelstraße 12, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany; (T.E.); (U.S.-S.); (G.E.M.T.)
- Institute of Interfacial Process Engineering and Plasma Technology, University of Stuttgart, Nobelstraße 12, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Tobias Ebbing
- Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGB, Nobelstraße 12, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany; (T.E.); (U.S.-S.); (G.E.M.T.)
- Institute of Interfacial Process Engineering and Plasma Technology, University of Stuttgart, Nobelstraße 12, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Konstantin Frick
- Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGB, Nobelstraße 12, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany; (T.E.); (U.S.-S.); (G.E.M.T.)
- Institute of Interfacial Process Engineering and Plasma Technology, University of Stuttgart, Nobelstraße 12, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Ulrike Schmid-Staiger
- Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGB, Nobelstraße 12, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany; (T.E.); (U.S.-S.); (G.E.M.T.)
| | - Bernard Haasdonk
- Institute of Applied Analysis and Numerical Simulation, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany;
| | - Günter E. M. Tovar
- Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGB, Nobelstraße 12, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany; (T.E.); (U.S.-S.); (G.E.M.T.)
- Institute of Interfacial Process Engineering and Plasma Technology, University of Stuttgart, Nobelstraße 12, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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Frick K, Ebbing T, Yeh Y, Schmid‐Staiger U, Tovar GEM. Influence of light conditions on the production of chrysolaminarin using Phaeodactylum tricornutum in artificially illuminated photobioreactors. Microbiologyopen 2023; 12:e1378. [PMID: 37877659 PMCID: PMC10505944 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.1378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The light conditions are of utmost importance in any microalgae production process especially involving artificial illumination. This also applies to a chrysolaminarin (soluble 1,3-β-glucan) production process using the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Here we examine the influence of the amount of light per gram biomass (specific light availability) and the influence of two different biomass densities (at the same amount of light per gram biomass) on the accumulation of the storage product chrysolaminarin during nitrogen depletion in artificially illuminated flat-panel airlift photobioreactors. Besides chrysolaminarin, other compounds (fucoxanthin, fatty acids used for energy storage [C16 fatty acids], and eicosapentaenoic acid) are regarded as well. Our results show that the time course of C-allocation between chrysolaminarin and fatty acids, serving as storage compounds, is influenced by specific light availability and cell concentration. Furthermore, our findings demonstrate that with increasing specific light availability, the maximal chrysolaminarin content increases. However, this effect is limited. Beyond a certain specific light availability (here: 5 µmolphotons gDW -1 s-1 ) the maximal chrysolaminarin content no longer increases, but the rate of increase becomes faster. Furthermore, the conversion of light to chrysolaminarin is best at the beginning of nitrogen depletion. Additionally, our results show that a high biomass concentration has a negative effect on the maximal chrysolaminarin content, most likely due to the occurring self-shading effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Frick
- Institute of Interfacial Process Engineering and Plasma Technology, Bioprocess EngineeringUniversity of StuttgartStuttgartGermany
- Industrial BiotechnologyFraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGBStuttgartGermany
| | - Tobias Ebbing
- Institute of Interfacial Process Engineering and Plasma Technology, Bioprocess EngineeringUniversity of StuttgartStuttgartGermany
- Industrial BiotechnologyFraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGBStuttgartGermany
| | - Yen‐Cheng Yeh
- Industrial BiotechnologyFraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGBStuttgartGermany
| | - Ulrike Schmid‐Staiger
- Industrial BiotechnologyFraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGBStuttgartGermany
| | - Günter E. M. Tovar
- Institute of Interfacial Process Engineering and Plasma Technology, Bioprocess EngineeringUniversity of StuttgartStuttgartGermany
- Industrial BiotechnologyFraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGBStuttgartGermany
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Enhancing Digestibility of Chlorella vulgaris Biomass in Monogastric Diets: Strategies and Insights. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13061017. [PMID: 36978557 PMCID: PMC10044532 DOI: 10.3390/ani13061017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Microalgae, such as Chlorella vulgaris (CV), have been identified as promising animal feed sources due to their high content of essential nutrients, including proteins, total lipids, n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, and pigments. This study aimed to review the digestibility, bioaccessibility, and bioavailability of nutrients from CV biomass, and to analyse strategies to enhance their digestibility in monogastric animal diets. The study conducted a systematic review of the literature from databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Web of Science, up until the end of January 2023. The results of adding CV to poultry and swine diets were diverse and depended on a number of variables. However, pre-treatments applied to CV biomass improved nutrient digestibility and accessibility. CV biomass, produced in a cost-effective manner, has the potential to serve as a supplement or substitute for expensive feed ingredients and improve animal health, physiology, and immune status. Variations in results may be due to differences in microalgal strain, cultivation conditions, and dietary inclusion levels, among other factors. This study provides new insights and perspectives into the utilization of CV biomass in animal diets, highlighting its potential as a valuable ingredient to improve nutrient utilization.
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Brückner K, Griehl C. Permeabilization of the cell wall of Chlorella sorokiniana by the chitosan-degrading protease papain. ALGAL RES 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2023.103066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
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Masi A, Leonelli F, Scognamiglio V, Gasperuzzo G, Antonacci A, Terzidis MA. Chlamydomonas reinhardtii: A Factory of Nutraceutical and Food Supplements for Human Health. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031185. [PMID: 36770853 PMCID: PMC9921279 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (C. reinhardtii) is one of the most well-studied microalgae organisms that revealed important information for the photosynthetic and metabolic processes of plants and eukaryotes. Numerous extensive studies have also underpinned its great potential as a biochemical factory, capable of producing various highly desired molecules with a direct impact on human health and longevity. Polysaccharides, lipids, functional proteins, pigments, hormones, vaccines, and antibodies are among the valuable biomolecules that are produced spontaneously or under well-defined conditions by C. reinhardtii and can be directly linked to human nutrition and diet. The aim of this review is to highlight the recent advances in the field focusing on the most relevant applications related to the production of important biomolecules for human health that are also linked with human nutrition and diet. The limitations and challenges are critically discussed along with the potential future applications of C. reinhardtii biomass and processed products in the field of nutraceuticals and food supplements. The increasing need for high-value and low-cost biomolecules produced in an environmentally and economy sustainable manner also underline the important role of C. reinhardtii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Masi
- Institute of Crystallography, National Research Council, 00010 Montelibretti, Italy
| | - Francesca Leonelli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rome “Sapienza”, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Viviana Scognamiglio
- Institute of Crystallography, National Research Council, 00010 Montelibretti, Italy
| | - Giulia Gasperuzzo
- Institute of Crystallography, National Research Council, 00010 Montelibretti, Italy
| | - Amina Antonacci
- Institute of Crystallography, National Research Council, 00010 Montelibretti, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.A.); (M.A.T.); Tel.: +39-0690675597 (A.A.); +30-2310013224 (M.A.T.)
| | - Michael A. Terzidis
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, International Hellenic University, Sindos Campus, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Correspondence: (A.A.); (M.A.T.); Tel.: +39-0690675597 (A.A.); +30-2310013224 (M.A.T.)
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Guidance for formulating ingredients/products from Chlorella vulgaris and Arthrospira platensis considering carotenoid and chlorophyll bioaccessibility and cellular uptake. Food Res Int 2022; 157:111469. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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do Nascimento TC, Pinheiro PN, Fernandes AS, Caetano PA, Jacob-Lopes E, Zepka LQ. Insights on the Bioaccessibility of Natural Pigments from Diatom Chaetoceros calcitrans. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27103305. [PMID: 35630782 PMCID: PMC9147772 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the bioaccessibility of carotenoids and chlorophylls from the biomass of microalgae Chaetoceros calcitrans. The samples were submitted to an in vitro digestion protocol, and the compounds were determined by HPLC-PDA-MS/MS. A total of 13 compounds were identified in all tests. After in vitro digestion, the relative bioaccessibility of carotenoids and chlorophylls ranged from 4 to 58%. The qualitative profile of carotenoids reflected the initial sample, with all-E-zeaxanthin (57.2%) being the most bioaccessible compound, followed by all-E-neochrome (31.26%), the latter being reported for the first time in the micellar fraction. On the other hand, among the chlorophylls only pheophytin a (15.01%) was bioaccessible. Furthermore, a chlorophyll derivative (Hydroxypheophytin a’) was formed after in vitro digestion. Considering all compounds, xanthophylls (12.03%) and chlorophylls (12.22%) were significantly (p < 0.05) more bioaccessible than carotenes (11.22%). Finally, the considerable individual bioaccessibilities found, especially for zeaxanthin, demonstrate the bioactive potential of this bioresource. However, the large reduction in the totality of compounds after in vitro digestion suggests that additional technological strategies should be explored in the future to increase the efficiency of micellarization and enhance its bioactive effects.
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Akepach P, Ribeiro-Filho N, Wattanakul J, Darwish R, Gedi MA, Gray DA. Bioaccessibility of carotenoids (β-carotene and lutein) from intact and disrupted microalgae (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii). Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.113292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Montoya-Arroyo A, Lehnert K, Lux PE, Jiménez VM, Esquivel P, Silva-Benavides AM, Vetter W, Frank J. 11'-α-Tocomonoenol is the major α-tocomonoenol isomer in cyanobacteria and microalgae from Costa Rica. J Food Compost Anal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2021.104325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Canelli G, Tevere S, Jaquenod L, Dionisi F, Rohfritsch Z, Bolten CJ, Neutsch L, Mathys A. A novel strategy to simultaneously enhance bioaccessible lipids and antioxidants in hetero/mixotrophic Chlorella vulgaris as functional ingredient. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 347:126744. [PMID: 35074464 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.126744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae are a promising source of polyunsaturated fatty acids as well as bioactive antioxidant compounds such as carotenoids, phenolics and tocopherols. However, the accumulation of these biomolecules is often promoted by conflicting growth conditions. In this study, a phased bioprocessing strategy was developed to simultaneously enhance the lipid and antioxidant amounts by tailoring nitrogen content in the cultivation medium and applying light stress. This approach increased the overall contents of total fatty acids, carotenoids, phenolics, and α-tocopherol in Chlorella vulgaris by 2.2-, 2.2-, 1.5-, and 2.1-fold, respectively. Additionally, the bioaccessibility of the lipids and bioactives from the obtained biomasses improved after pulsed electric field (5 μs, 20 kV cm-1, 31.8 kJ kg-1sus) treatment (up to +12%) and high-pressure homogenization (100 MPa, 5-6 passes) (+41-76%). This work represents a step towards the generation of more efficient algae biorefineries, thus expanding the alternative resources available for essential nutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greta Canelli
- ETH Zürich, Laboratory of Sustainable Food Processing, Schmelzbergstrasse 9, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Sabrina Tevere
- Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, ZHAW, Campus Grüental, 8820, Wädenswil, Switzerland
| | - Luc Jaquenod
- ETH Zürich, Laboratory of Sustainable Food Processing, Schmelzbergstrasse 9, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Fabiola Dionisi
- Nestlé Research, Route du Jorat 57, 1000 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Zhen Rohfritsch
- Nestlé Research, Route du Jorat 57, 1000 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Lukas Neutsch
- Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, ZHAW, Campus Grüental, 8820, Wädenswil, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Mathys
- ETH Zürich, Laboratory of Sustainable Food Processing, Schmelzbergstrasse 9, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland.
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Perković L, Djedović E, Vujović T, Baković M, Paradžik T, Čož-Rakovac R. Biotechnological Enhancement of Probiotics through Co-Cultivation with Algae: Future or a Trend? Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20020142. [PMID: 35200671 PMCID: PMC8880515 DOI: 10.3390/md20020142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The diversity of algal species is a rich source of many different bioactive metabolites. The compounds extracted from algal biomass have various beneficial effects on health. Recently, co-culture systems between microalgae and bacteria have emerged as an interesting solution that can reduce the high contamination risk associated with axenic cultures and, consequently, increase biomass yield and synthesis of active compounds. Probiotic microorganisms also have numerous positive effects on various aspects of health and represent potent co-culture partners. Most studies consider algae as prebiotics that serve as enhancers of probiotics performance. However, the extreme diversity of algal organisms and their ability to produce a plethora of metabolites are leading to new experimental designs in which these organisms are cultivated together to derive maximum benefit from their synergistic interactions. The future success of these studies depends on the precise experimental design of these complex systems. In the last decade, the development of high-throughput approaches has enabled a deeper understanding of global changes in response to interspecies interactions. Several studies have shown that the addition of algae, along with probiotics, can influence the microbiota, and improve gut health and overall yield in fish, shrimp, and mussels aquaculture. In the future, such findings can be further explored and implemented for use as dietary supplements for humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucija Perković
- Laboratory for Aquaculture Biotechnology, Division of Materials Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (L.P.); (E.D.); (T.V.); (M.B.); (R.Č.-R.)
| | - Elvis Djedović
- Laboratory for Aquaculture Biotechnology, Division of Materials Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (L.P.); (E.D.); (T.V.); (M.B.); (R.Č.-R.)
| | - Tamara Vujović
- Laboratory for Aquaculture Biotechnology, Division of Materials Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (L.P.); (E.D.); (T.V.); (M.B.); (R.Č.-R.)
| | - Marija Baković
- Laboratory for Aquaculture Biotechnology, Division of Materials Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (L.P.); (E.D.); (T.V.); (M.B.); (R.Č.-R.)
| | - Tina Paradžik
- Laboratory for Aquaculture Biotechnology, Division of Materials Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (L.P.); (E.D.); (T.V.); (M.B.); (R.Č.-R.)
- Center of Excellence for Marine Bioprospecting (BioProCro), Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Correspondence:
| | - Rozelindra Čož-Rakovac
- Laboratory for Aquaculture Biotechnology, Division of Materials Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (L.P.); (E.D.); (T.V.); (M.B.); (R.Č.-R.)
- Center of Excellence for Marine Bioprospecting (BioProCro), Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Krust D, Gusbeth C, Müller ASK, Scherer D, Müller G, Frey W, Nick P. Biological signalling supports biotechnology - Pulsed electric fields extract a cell-death inducing factor from Chlorella vulgaris. Bioelectrochemistry 2022; 143:107991. [PMID: 34763172 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2021.107991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Compared to mechanical extraction methods, pulsed electric field (PEF) treatment provides an energy-efficient and gentle alternative. However, the biological processes involved are poorly understood. The unicellular green microalga Chlorella vulgaris was used as model organism to investigate the effect of PEF treatment on biological cells. A viability assay using fluorescein diacetate measured by flow cytometry was established. The influence of developmental stage on viability could be shown in synchronised cultures when applying PEF treatment with very low specific energies where one part of cells undergoes cell death, and the other part stays viable after treatment. Reactive oxygen species generation after similar low-energy PEF treatment could be shown, indicating that PEFs could act as abiotic stress signal. Most importantly, a cell-death inducing factor could be extracted. A water-soluble extract derived from microalgae suspensions incubated for 24 h after PEF treatment caused the recipient microalgae to die, even though the recipient cells had not been subjected to PEF treatment directly. The working model assumes that low-energy PEF treatment induces programmed cell death in C.vulgaris while specifically releasing a cell-death inducing factor. Low-energy PEF treatment with subsequent incubation period could be a novel biotechnological strategy to extract soluble proteins and lipids in cascade process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damaris Krust
- Institute for Pulsed Power and Microwave Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany; Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 4, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Christian Gusbeth
- Institute for Pulsed Power and Microwave Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.
| | - Alexander S K Müller
- Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 4, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Daniel Scherer
- Institute for Pulsed Power and Microwave Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Georg Müller
- Institute for Pulsed Power and Microwave Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Frey
- Institute for Pulsed Power and Microwave Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Peter Nick
- Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 4, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
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Demarco M, Oliveira de Moraes J, Matos ÂP, Derner RB, de Farias Neves F, Tribuzi G. Digestibility, bioaccessibility and bioactivity of compounds from algae. Trends Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2022.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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16
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Schmid V, Mayer-Miebach E, Behsnilian D, Briviba K, Karbstein HP, Emin MA. Enrichment of starch-based extruded cereals with chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa) pomace: Influence of processing conditions on techno-functional and sensory related properties, dietary fibre and polyphenol content as well as in vitro digestibility. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.112610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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17
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Tolpeznikaite E, Bartkevics V, Ruzauskas M, Pilkaityte R, Viskelis P, Urbonaviciene D, Zavistanaviciute P, Zokaityte E, Ruibys R, Bartkiene E. Characterization of Macro- and Microalgae Extracts Bioactive Compounds and Micro- and Macroelements Transition from Algae to Extract. Foods 2021; 10:2226. [PMID: 34574335 PMCID: PMC8471643 DOI: 10.3390/foods10092226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the characteristics of macroalgae (Cladophora rupestris, Furcellaria lumbricalis, Ulva intestinalis) and microalgae (Arthrospira platensis (Sp1, Sp2), Chlorella vulgaris) extracts, including micro- and macroelement transition to extract, antioxidant, antimicrobial properties, the concentrations of chlorophyll (-a, -b), and the total carotenoid concentration (TCC). In macroalgae, the highest TCC and chlorophyll content were found in C. rupestris. In microalgae, the TCC was 10.1-times higher in C. vulgaris than in Sp1, Sp2; however, the chlorophyll contents in C. vulgaris samples were lower. A moderate negative correlation was found between the chlorophyll-a and TCC contents (r = -0.4644). In macroalgae extract samples, C. rupestris and F. lumbricalis showed the highest total phenolic compound content (TPCC). DPPH antioxidant activity and TPCC in microalgae was related to the TCC (r = 0.6191, r = 0.6439, respectively). Sp2 extracts inhibited Staphylococcus haemolyticus; C. rupestris, F. lumbricalis, U. intestinalis, and Sp2 extracts inhibited Bacillus subtilis; and U. intestinalis extracts inhibited Streptococcus mutans strains. This study showed that extraction is a suitable technology for toxic metal decontamination in algae; however, some of the desirable microelements are reduced during the extraction, and only the final products, could be applied in food, feed, and others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernesta Tolpeznikaite
- Faculty of Animal Sciences, Institute of Animal Rearing Technologies, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Mickeviciaus Str. 9, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania; (E.T.); (P.Z.); (E.Z.)
| | - Vadims Bartkevics
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment “BIOR”, Lejupes iela 3, Zemgales priekšpilsēta, LV-1076 Riga, Latvia;
| | - Modestas Ruzauskas
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Mickeviciaus Str. 9, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania;
- Faculty of Veterinary, Institute of Microbiology and Virology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Mickeviciaus Str. 9, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Renata Pilkaityte
- Marine Research Institute, Klaipėda University, Universiteto ave. 17, LT-92294 Klaipėda, Lithuania;
| | - Pranas Viskelis
- Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Institute of Horticulture, Kauno Str. 30, LT-54333 Babtai, Lithuania; (P.V.); (D.U.)
| | - Dalia Urbonaviciene
- Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Institute of Horticulture, Kauno Str. 30, LT-54333 Babtai, Lithuania; (P.V.); (D.U.)
| | - Paulina Zavistanaviciute
- Faculty of Animal Sciences, Institute of Animal Rearing Technologies, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Mickeviciaus Str. 9, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania; (E.T.); (P.Z.); (E.Z.)
- Department of Food Safety and Quality, Faculty of Veterinary, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Mickeviciaus Str. 9, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Egle Zokaityte
- Faculty of Animal Sciences, Institute of Animal Rearing Technologies, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Mickeviciaus Str. 9, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania; (E.T.); (P.Z.); (E.Z.)
- Department of Food Safety and Quality, Faculty of Veterinary, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Mickeviciaus Str. 9, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Romas Ruibys
- Institute of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Agriculture Academy, Vytautas Magnus University, K. Donelaicio Str. 58, LT-44244 Kaunas, Lithuania;
| | - Elena Bartkiene
- Faculty of Animal Sciences, Institute of Animal Rearing Technologies, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Mickeviciaus Str. 9, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania; (E.T.); (P.Z.); (E.Z.)
- Department of Food Safety and Quality, Faculty of Veterinary, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Mickeviciaus Str. 9, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
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Fernandes AS, Nascimento TC, Pinheiro PN, Vendruscolo RG, Wagner R, de Rosso VV, Jacob-Lopes E, Zepka LQ. Bioaccessibility of microalgae-based carotenoids and their association with the lipid matrix. Food Res Int 2021; 148:110596. [PMID: 34507741 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The composition of microalgae can contribute to nutritious and functional diets. Among the functional compounds, carotenoids are in focus since positive effects on human health have been established, which are in turn related to their bioaccessibility. In addition to essential nutrients, our hypothesis was that microalgae biomasses could be used as sources of bioaccessible carotenoids. Thus, this study determined for the first time the bioaccessibility of carotenoids from biomass of Scenedesmus bijuga and Chlorella sorokiniana and their possible relationship with the lipid composition of the matrix. The samples were submitted to in vitro digestion protocol, and carotenoids were determined by HPLC-PDA-MS/MS. Individual bioaccessibility of carotenoids was ≥ 3.25%. In general, compounds in their cis conformation were more bioaccessible than trans; and total carotenes more than total xanthophylls. Twelve compounds were bioaccessible from the biomass of S. bijuga, and eight in C. sorokiniana. In S. bijuga, the bioaccessibility of total carotenoids was 7.30%, and the major bioaccessible carotenoids were 9-cis-β-carotene (43.78%), 9-cis-zeaxanthin (42.30%) followed by 9-cis-lutein (26.73%); while in C. sorokiniana, the total bioaccessibility was 8.03%, and 9-cis-β-carotene (26.18%), all-trans-β-carotene (13.56%), followed by 13-cis-lutein (10.71%) were the major compounds. Overall, the total content of lipids does not influence the bioaccessibility of total carotenoids. Still, the lipid composition, including structural characteristics such as degree of saturation and chain length of the fatty acid, impacts the promotion of individual bioaccessibility of carotenes and xanthophylls of microalgae. Finally, the results of this study can assist the development of microalgae-based functional food ingredients and products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrêssa S Fernandes
- Department of Food Technology and Science, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), P.O. Box 5021, Santa Maria 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Tatiele C Nascimento
- Department of Food Technology and Science, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), P.O. Box 5021, Santa Maria 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Pricila N Pinheiro
- Department of Food Technology and Science, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), P.O. Box 5021, Santa Maria 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Raquel G Vendruscolo
- Department of Food Technology and Science, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), P.O. Box 5021, Santa Maria 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Roger Wagner
- Department of Food Technology and Science, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), P.O. Box 5021, Santa Maria 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Veridiana V de Rosso
- Department of Biosciences, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Silva Jardim 136, Santos 11015-020, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Jacob-Lopes
- Department of Food Technology and Science, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), P.O. Box 5021, Santa Maria 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Leila Q Zepka
- Department of Food Technology and Science, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), P.O. Box 5021, Santa Maria 97105-900, Brazil.
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Nutritional Profiling and Preliminary Bioactivity Screening of Five Micro-Algae Strains Cultivated in Northwest Europe. Foods 2021; 10:foods10071516. [PMID: 34359386 PMCID: PMC8307025 DOI: 10.3390/foods10071516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to map the nutritional profile and bioactivities of five microalgae that can be grown in Northwest Europe or areas with similar cultivation conditions. Next to the biochemical composition, the in vitro digestibility of carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids was studied for Chlamydomonas nivalis, Porphyridium purpureum, Chlorella vulgaris, Nannochloropsis gaditana, and Scenedesmus species biomass. These microalgae were also assessed for their ability to inhibit the angiotensin-1-converting enzyme (ACE-1, EC 3.4.15.1), which is known to play a role in the control of blood pressure in mammals. Large differences in organic matter solubility after digestion suggested that a cell disruption step is needed to unlock the majority of the nutrients from N. gaditana and Scenedesmus species biomass. Significant amounts of free glucose (16.4–25.5 g glucose/100 g dry algae) were detected after the digestion of C. nivalis, P. purpureum, and disrupted Scenedesmus. The fatty acid profiles showed major variations, with particularly high Ω-3 fatty acid levels found in N. gaditana (5.5 ± 0.5 g/100 g dry algae), while lipid digestibility ranged from 33.3 ± 6.5% (disrupted N. gaditana) to 67.1 ± 11.2% (P. purpureum). C. vulgaris and disrupted N. gaditana had the highest protein content (45–46% of dry matter), a nitrogen solubility after digestion of 65–71%, and the degree of protein hydrolysis was determined as 31% and 26%, respectively. Microalgae inhibited ACE-1 by 73.4–87.1% at physiologically relevant concentrations compared to a commercial control. These data can assist algae growers and processors in selecting the most suitable algae species for food or feed applications.
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20
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Saadaoui I, Rasheed R, Aguilar A, Cherif M, Al Jabri H, Sayadi S, Manning SR. Microalgal-based feed: promising alternative feedstocks for livestock and poultry production. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2021; 12:76. [PMID: 34134776 PMCID: PMC8359609 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-021-00593-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an immediate need to identify alternative sources of high-nutrient feedstocks for domestic livestock production and poultry, not only to support growing food demands but also to produce microalgae-source functional foods with multiple health benefits. Various species of microalgae and cyanobacteria are used to supplement existing feedstocks. In this review, microalgae have been defined as a potential feedstock for domestic animals due to their abundance of proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, minerals, vitamins, and other high-value products. Additionally, the positive physiological effects on products of animals fed with microalgal biomass have been compiled and recommendations are listed to enhance the assimilation of biomolecules in ruminant and nonruminant animals, which possess differing digestive systems. Furthermore, the role of microalgae as prebiotics is also discussed. With regards to large scale cultivation of microalgae for use as feed, many economic trade-offs must be considered such as the selection of strains with desired nutritional properties, cultivation systems, and steps for downstream processing. These factors are highlighted with further investigations needed to reduce the overall costs of cultivation. Finally, this review outlines the pros and cons of utilizing microalgae as a supplementary feedstock for poultry and cattle, existing cultivation strategies, and the economics of large-scale microalgal production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imen Saadaoui
- Center for Sustainable Development, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, P.O.Box.2713, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Rihab Rasheed
- Center for Sustainable Development, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, P.O.Box.2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ana Aguilar
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, UTEX Culture Collection of Algae, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Maroua Cherif
- Center for Sustainable Development, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, P.O.Box.2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hareb Al Jabri
- Center for Sustainable Development, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, P.O.Box.2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sami Sayadi
- Center for Sustainable Development, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, P.O.Box.2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Schonna R Manning
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, UTEX Culture Collection of Algae, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
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21
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From biorefinery of microalgal biomass to vacuum impregnation of fruit. A multidisciplinary strategy to develop innovative food with increased nutritional properties. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2021.102677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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22
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do Nascimento TC, Pinheiro PN, Fernandes AS, Murador DC, Neves BV, de Menezes CR, de Rosso VV, Jacob-Lopes E, Zepka LQ. Bioaccessibility and intestinal uptake of carotenoids from microalgae Scenedesmus obliquus. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2020.110780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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23
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Tudor C, Gherasim EC, Dulf FV, Pintea A. In vitro bioaccessibility of macular xanthophylls from commercial microalgal powders of Arthrospira platensis and Chlorella pyrenoidosa. Food Sci Nutr 2021; 9:1896-1906. [PMID: 33841808 PMCID: PMC8020956 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The bioaccessibility of the major carotenoids present in two commercial microalgal supplements in powder form was investigated through a standardized in vitro digestion method. The dried biomass of Arthrospira platensis contained β-carotene (36.8 mg/100 g) and zeaxanthin (20.8 mg/100 g) as the main carotenoids as well as a high content of saturated fatty acids (61% of total fatty acids), whereas that of Chlorella pyrenoidosa was rich in lutein (37.8 mg/100 g) and had a high level of unsaturated fatty acids (65% of total fatty acids). In the case of the latter, lutein bioaccessibility was not statistically enhanced after the replacement of porcine bile extract with bovine bile extract in the in vitro digestion protocol and after the addition of coconut oil (17.8% as against to 19.2% and 19.2% vs. 18.5%, respectively). In contrast, the use of bovine bile extract along with co-digestion with coconut oil significantly enhanced the bioaccessibility of zeaxanthin from A. platensis, reaching the highest bioaccessibility of 42.8%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Tudor
- University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary MedicineCluj‐NapocaRomania
| | | | | | - Adela Pintea
- University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary MedicineCluj‐NapocaRomania
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Marinelli V, Lucera A, Incoronato AL, Morcavallo L, Del Nobile MA, Conte A. Strategies for fortified sustainable food: the case of watermelon-based candy. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2021; 58:894-901. [PMID: 33678872 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-020-04603-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this research was to design a new product, in particular a watermelon-based jelly candy, without generating waste. The study was divided in two steps: (i) optimization of candy formulation in terms of amount of rind, pulp and juice; (ii) fortification of the jelly candy with different concentrations of orange by-products (albedo and flavedo flours). The fortified jelly samples were assessed for sensory quality and chemical properties, before and after digestion. The new candy product was greatly appreciated. The addition of albedo and flavedo flours significantly improved the chemical composition compared to jelly candy without by-products, before and after digestion. A whole quality index was also calculated to determine the best combination of by-products to be added. Fortification with albedo 1.2% and flavedo ranged between 0.6 and 1.2% allowed recording the most interesting jelly candy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Marinelli
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Food and the Environment, University of Foggia, Via Napoli, 25, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Annalisa Lucera
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Food and the Environment, University of Foggia, Via Napoli, 25, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Anna Lucia Incoronato
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Food and the Environment, University of Foggia, Via Napoli, 25, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Luigia Morcavallo
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Food and the Environment, University of Foggia, Via Napoli, 25, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Matteo A Del Nobile
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Food and the Environment, University of Foggia, Via Napoli, 25, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Amalia Conte
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Food and the Environment, University of Foggia, Via Napoli, 25, 71122 Foggia, Italy
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25
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Fernandes AS, Nascimento TC, Pinheiro PN, de Rosso VV, de Menezes CR, Jacob-Lopes E, Zepka LQ. Insights on the intestinal absorption of chlorophyll series from microalgae. Food Res Int 2020; 140:110031. [PMID: 33648259 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.110031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The bioaccessibility and subsequent uptake by Caco-2 human intestinal cells of chlorophyll pigments from Scenedesmus obliquus were determined for the first time. In order to evaluate the impact of different types of the matrix on bioaccessibility of chlorophyll from microalgae, three different products were evaluated: isolated chlorophyll extract (ICE); wet ultrasonicated biomass (WUB); and whole dried biomass (WDB). The samples were submitted to in vitro digestion model according to the INFOGEST protocol, and Caco-2 cells determined the intestinal uptake. Chlorophyll pigments were determined by HPLC-PDA-MS/MS. A total of ten chlorophyll pigments (8,318.48 µg g-1) were separated in S. obliquus biomass, with chlorophyll a (3,507.76 µg g-1) and pheophytin a' (1,598.09 µg g-1) the major ones. After in vitro digestion, all tested products showed bioaccessible chlorophylls. However, the total bioaccessibility results were as follows: ICE (33.45%), WUB (2.65%), WDB (0.33%). Five compounds were bioaccessible in ICE, three in WUB, and one in WDB. The hydroxypheophytin a showed the highest bioaccessibility (212%) in ICE, while pheophytin a' in WUB (11%) and WDB (2%). As a result, bioavailability estimates of ICE using the Caco-2 cell showed hydroxypheophytin a (102.53%), followed by pheophytin a' (64.69%) as the chlorophyll pigments most abundant in intestinal cells. In summary, from a nutritional perspective, these three types of the matrix (WDB, WUB, and ICE) influence the promotion of chlorophyll bioaccessibility. In this way, the data suggest that chlorophylls bioaccessibility from ICE is greater than that in WDB and WUB. Therefore, ICE should be considered a product that provides bioavailable chlorophyll and could be the best choice, such as ingredients in the development of functional foods chlorophyll-based.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrêssa S Fernandes
- Department of Food Technology and Science, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), P.O. Box 5021, Santa Maria 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Tatiele C Nascimento
- Department of Food Technology and Science, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), P.O. Box 5021, Santa Maria 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Pricila N Pinheiro
- Department of Food Technology and Science, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), P.O. Box 5021, Santa Maria 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Veridiana V de Rosso
- Department of Biosciences, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Silva Jardim 136, Santos 11015-020, Brazil
| | - Cristiano R de Menezes
- Department of Food Technology and Science, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), P.O. Box 5021, Santa Maria 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Jacob-Lopes
- Department of Food Technology and Science, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), P.O. Box 5021, Santa Maria 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Leila Q Zepka
- Department of Food Technology and Science, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), P.O. Box 5021, Santa Maria 97105-900, Brazil.
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Nurcahyani PR, Hashimoto S, Matsumura Y. Supercritical water gasification of microalgae with and without oil extraction. J Supercrit Fluids 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2020.104936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Derwenskus F, Weickert S, Lewandowski I, Schmid-Staiger U, Hirth T. Economic evaluation of up- and downstream scenarios for the co-production of fucoxanthin and eicosapentaenoic acid with P. tricornutum using flat-panel airlift photobioreactors with artificial light. ALGAL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2020.102078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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28
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Canelli G, Tarnutzer C, Carpine R, Neutsch L, Bolten CJ, Dionisi F, Mathys A. Biochemical and Nutritional Evaluation of Chlorella and Auxenochlorella Biomasses Relevant for Food Application. Front Nutr 2020; 7:565996. [PMID: 33117841 PMCID: PMC7557355 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.565996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Microalgae are a source of potentially healthy and sustainable nutrients. However, the bioaccessibility of these nutrients remains uncertain. In this study, we analyzed the biomass composition of five commercial Chlorella and Auxenochlorella strains, and Chlorella vulgaris heterotrophically cultivated in our laboratory. Protein accounted for 65 ± 3% (w w-1) dry matter (DM) in all biomasses, except for the lab-grown C. vulgaris that contained 20% (w w-1) DM protein. The fatty acids content was comparable and ranged between 7 and 10% (w w-1) DM. Most of the biomasses had a ω6-polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs)/ω3-PUFAs ratio <4, as recommended by nutritional experts. A recently published harmonized protocol for in vitro digestion was used to evaluate fatty acids and protein bioaccessibilities. Protein bioaccessibility ranged between 60 and 74% for commercial Chlorella and Auxenochlorella biomasses and was 43% for the lab-grown C. vulgaris. Fatty acids bioaccessibility was <7% in commercial biomasses and 19% in the lab-grown C. vulgaris. Taken together, the results show that microalgae are promising sources of bioaccessible protein. The limited fatty acids bioaccessibility indicates the need for alternative upstream and downstream production strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greta Canelli
- Laboratory of Sustainable Food Processing, ETH Zurich, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Carmen Tarnutzer
- Laboratory of Sustainable Food Processing, ETH Zurich, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roberta Carpine
- Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, ZHAW, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Wädenswil, Switzerland.,Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lukas Neutsch
- Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, ZHAW, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Wädenswil, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Alexander Mathys
- Laboratory of Sustainable Food Processing, ETH Zurich, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland
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Derwenskus F, Schäfer B, Müller J, Frick K, Gille A, Briviba K, Schmid‐Staiger U, Hirth T. Coproduction of EPA and Fucoxanthin withP. tricornutum– A Promising Approach for Up‐ and Downstream Processing. CHEM-ING-TECH 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.202000046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Felix Derwenskus
- Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGB Nobelstraße 12 70569 Stuttgart Germany
- University of Stuttgart Institute of Interfacial Process Engineering and Plasma Technology IGVP Nobelstraße 12 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Benjamin Schäfer
- University of Stuttgart Institute of Interfacial Process Engineering and Plasma Technology IGVP Nobelstraße 12 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Jan Müller
- University of Stuttgart Institute of Interfacial Process Engineering and Plasma Technology IGVP Nobelstraße 12 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Konstantin Frick
- University of Stuttgart Institute of Interfacial Process Engineering and Plasma Technology IGVP Nobelstraße 12 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Andrea Gille
- Max Rubner-Institut Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food Haid-und-Neu-Straße 9 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Karlis Briviba
- Max Rubner-Institut Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food Haid-und-Neu-Straße 9 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Ulrike Schmid‐Staiger
- Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGB Nobelstraße 12 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Thomas Hirth
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Kaiserstraße 12 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
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Etzbach L, Stolle R, Anheuser K, Herdegen V, Schieber A, Weber F. Impact of Different Pasteurization Techniques and Subsequent Ultrasonication on the In Vitro Bioaccessibility of Carotenoids in Valencia Orange ( Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck) Juice. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E534. [PMID: 32570987 PMCID: PMC7346171 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9060534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of traditional pasteurization (low pasteurization, conventional pasteurization, hot filling) and alternative pasteurization (pulsed electric fields, high pressure processing), followed by ultrasonication on the carotenoid content, carotenoid profile, and on the in vitro carotenoid bioaccessibility of orange juice were investigated. There was no significant difference in the total carotenoid content between the untreated juice (879.74 µg/100 g juice) and all pasteurized juices. Significantly lower contents of violaxanthin esters were found in the high thermally-treated juices (conventional pasteurization, hot filling) compared to the untreated juice, owing to heat-induced epoxy-furanoid rearrangement. The additional ultrasonication had almost no effects on the carotenoid content and profile of the orange juices. However, the in vitro solubilization and the micellarization efficiency were strongly increased by ultrasound, the latter by approximately 85.3-159.5%. Therefore, among the applied processing techniques, ultrasonication might be a promising technology to enhance the in vitro bioaccessibility of carotenoids and, thus, the nutritional value of orange juice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Etzbach
- Institute of Nutritional and Food Sciences, Molecular Food Technology, University of Bonn, Endenicher Allee 19b, D-53115 Bonn, Germany; (L.E.); (R.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Ruth Stolle
- Institute of Nutritional and Food Sciences, Molecular Food Technology, University of Bonn, Endenicher Allee 19b, D-53115 Bonn, Germany; (L.E.); (R.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Kerstin Anheuser
- Eckes-Granini Group GmbH, Ludwig-Eckes-Platz 1, D-55268 Nieder-Olm, Germany; (K.A.); (V.H.)
| | - Volker Herdegen
- Eckes-Granini Group GmbH, Ludwig-Eckes-Platz 1, D-55268 Nieder-Olm, Germany; (K.A.); (V.H.)
| | - Andreas Schieber
- Institute of Nutritional and Food Sciences, Molecular Food Technology, University of Bonn, Endenicher Allee 19b, D-53115 Bonn, Germany; (L.E.); (R.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Fabian Weber
- Institute of Nutritional and Food Sciences, Molecular Food Technology, University of Bonn, Endenicher Allee 19b, D-53115 Bonn, Germany; (L.E.); (R.S.); (A.S.)
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Resilience and self-regulation processes of microalgae under UV radiation stress. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY C: PHOTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2019.100322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Schmid V, Steck J, Mayer-Miebach E, Behsnilian D, Briviba K, Bunzel M, Karbstein HP, Emin MA. Impact of defined thermomechanical treatment on the structure and content of dietary fiber and the stability and bioaccessibility of polyphenols of chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa) pomace. Food Res Int 2020; 134:109232. [PMID: 32517902 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Dietary fiber is a potential replacement for other ingredients such as starch in reformulated extruded breakfast cereals. Analysis of chokeberry pomace powder revealed a total dietary fiber content of 57.8 ± 2 g/100 g with 76% being insoluble, 20% high molecular soluble and 4% low molecular soluble dietary fiber. The fiber polysaccharide composition was analyzed in detail by using a variety of analytical approaches. Extrusion-like processing conditions were studies in a Closed Cavity Rheometer enabling the application of defined thermal (temperature range 100-160 °C) and mechanical treatments (shear rates between 0.1 s-1 and 50 s-1) to chokeberry pomace powder. Application of temperatures up to 140 °C irrespective of the mechanical treatment does not remarkably alter dietary fiber structure or content, but reduces the initial content of total polyphenols by about 40% to a final content of 3.3 ± 0.5 g/100 g including 0.63 ± 0.1 g/100 g of anthocyanins, 0.18 ± 0.02 g/100 g of phenolic acids and 0.090 ± 0.007 g/100 g of flavonols, respectively. The retained polyphenols are fully bioaccessible after in vitro digestion, and antioxidant capacity remains unchanged as compared to the untreated pomace powder. Glucose bioaccessibility remains unaffected, whereas glucose content is reduced. It is concluded that chokeberry pomace powder is a good source of dietary fiber with the potential to partially substitute starch in extruded breakfast cereals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Schmid
- Max Rubner-Institut (MRI), Department of Food Technology and Bioprocess Engineering, Karlsruhe, Germany; Institute of Process Engineering in Life Sciences, Section I: Food Process Engineering, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Jan Steck
- Institute of Applied Biosciences, Department of Food Chemistry and Phytochemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Esther Mayer-Miebach
- Max Rubner-Institut (MRI), Department of Food Technology and Bioprocess Engineering, Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Diana Behsnilian
- Max Rubner-Institut (MRI), Department of Food Technology and Bioprocess Engineering, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Karlis Briviba
- Max Rubner-Institut (MRI), Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Mirko Bunzel
- Institute of Applied Biosciences, Department of Food Chemistry and Phytochemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Heike P Karbstein
- Institute of Process Engineering in Life Sciences, Section I: Food Process Engineering, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M Azad Emin
- Institute of Process Engineering in Life Sciences, Section I: Food Process Engineering, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
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Rajesh Banu J, Kavitha S, Gunasekaran M, Kumar G. Microalgae based biorefinery promoting circular bioeconomy-techno economic and life-cycle analysis. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 302:122822. [PMID: 32007307 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.122822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae are source of third generation biofuel having the key advantage of high lipid productivity. In recent times, biorefinery is seen as promising option to further reduce the production cost of microalgae biofuel. However, exact energy balance analysis has not been performed on important biorefinery routes. In this aspect, three biorefinery routes, all based on lipid based biorefinery route are evaluated for economical production of microalgal biofuel and valorised products. Biorefinery route 1 involves production of biodiesel, pigments, and animal feed. Biorefinery route 2 involves biogas and pigments production and two stage fermentation, and third biorefinery route involves bio-hydrogen and pigments production. Finally, the technoeconomic assessment of three biorefinery routes were reviewed, net energy savings, and life-cycle costing approaches to economize microalgal biorefinery are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Rajesh Banu
- Department of Civil Engineering, Anna University Regional Campus, Tirunelveli, India
| | - S Kavitha
- Department of Civil Engineering, Anna University Regional Campus, Tirunelveli, India
| | - M Gunasekaran
- Department of Physics, Anna University Regional Campus, Tirunelveli, India
| | - Gopalakrishnan Kumar
- Green Processing, Bioremediation and Alternative Energies Research Group, Faculty of Environment and Labour Safety, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.
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Bernaerts TM, Verstreken H, Dejonghe C, Gheysen L, Foubert I, Grauwet T, Van Loey AM. Cell disruption of Nannochloropsis sp. improves in vitro bioaccessibility of carotenoids and ω3-LC-PUFA. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.103770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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Gille A, Hollenbach R, Trautmann A, Gomez MR, Krüger R, Bischoff SC, Posten C, Briviba K. Lipophilic compounds, but not fucoxanthin, mediate the genotoxic effect of photoautotrophic grown Phaeodactylum tricornutum in Caco-2 and HT-29 cells. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.103671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
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37
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Canelli G, Neutsch L, Carpine R, Tevere S, Giuffrida F, Rohfritsch Z, Dionisi F, Bolten CJ, Mathys A. Chlorella vulgaris in a heterotrophic bioprocess: Study of the lipid bioaccessibility and oxidative stability. ALGAL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2019.101754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Bernaerts TM, Gheysen L, Foubert I, Hendrickx ME, Van Loey AM. The potential of microalgae and their biopolymers as structuring ingredients in food: A review. Biotechnol Adv 2019; 37:107419. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2019.107419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Gille A, Trautmann A, Gomez MR, Bischoff SC, Posten C, Briviba K. Photoautotrophically Grown Chlorella vulgaris Shows Genotoxic Potential but No Apoptotic Effect in Epithelial Cells. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:8668-8676. [PMID: 31271028 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b03457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of Chlorella vulgaris (C. vulgaris) on genotoxicity, cytotoxicity, and apoptosis in Caco-2 and HT-29 cells. C. vulgaris significantly induced DNA damage in both cell lines at a concentration of 200 μg dry matter/mL (comet tail intensity CTI: 24.6 ± 4.7% for Caco-2, 16.6 ± 0.9% for HT-29). The application of processing (sonication, ball-milling) did not affect the genotoxicity negatively and lowered the lipid peroxidation in C. vulgaris preparations. C. vulgaris-induced intracellular formation of reactive oxygen species in human cell lines and might be responsible for the genotoxic effect. A solid fraction mainly triggered the observed DNA damage (CTI: 41.5 ± 1.9%), whereas a hydrophilic (CTI: 7.9 ± 1.7%) and lipophilic (CTI: 10.2 ± 2.1%) fraction revealed a significantly lower tail intensity. C. vulgaris significantly induced DNA damage in both cell lines possibly through intracellular formation of reactive oxygen species; however, it was repaired after a 2 h recovery time or was even avoided at lower concentrations. In addition, none of the preparations indicated an adverse effect on cell proliferation or revealed apoptotic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Gille
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition , Max Rubner-Institut , Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, 76131 Karlsruhe , Germany
| | - Andreas Trautmann
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) , Institute of Process Engineering in Life Sciences III Bioprocess Engineering , 76131 Karlsruhe , Germany
| | - Manuel Rodriguez Gomez
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition , Max Rubner-Institut , Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, 76131 Karlsruhe , Germany
| | - Stephan C Bischoff
- University of Hohenheim , Institute of Nutritional Medicine , 70599 Stuttgart , Germany
| | - Clemens Posten
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) , Institute of Process Engineering in Life Sciences III Bioprocess Engineering , 76131 Karlsruhe , Germany
| | - Karlis Briviba
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition , Max Rubner-Institut , Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, 76131 Karlsruhe , Germany
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Sidari R, Tofalo R. A Comprehensive Overview on Microalgal-Fortified/Based Food and Beverages. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2019.1608557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rossana Sidari
- Department of Agraria, Mediterranea University of Reggio Calabria, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Rosanna Tofalo
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
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Ebert S, Grossmann L, Hinrichs J, Weiss J. Emulsifying properties of water-soluble proteins extracted from the microalgae Chlorella sorokiniana and Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Food Funct 2019; 10:754-764. [PMID: 30667441 DOI: 10.1039/c8fo02197j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the formation and stability of emulsions with lyophilized water-soluble protein extracts from two different microalgae species. Lyophilized soluble protein extracts from Chlorella sorokiniana and Phaeodactylum tricornutum with a protein content of 39.2 and 37.2 wt%, respectively, were used. Drop-shape analysis showed them to have considerable interfacial activity at the oil-water interface. The application in emulsions, prepared by high-pressure homogenization (1000 bar, 3 passes, 5.0 wt% oil) further revealed that a concentration of 1.0 wt% soluble protein from Chlorella sorokiniana was sufficient to manufacture an emulsion with a monomodal droplet size distribution and a small volume based mean particle diameter (d43 = 232 ± 22 nm). Emulsions remained stable throughout 7 days of storage (d43,7d = 265 ± 4 nm). In contrast, 3.7 wt% of the respective proteins from Phaeodactylum tricornutum were needed to obtain a stable emulsion (d43 = 334 ± 12 nm and d43,7d = 325 ± 8 nm). Emulsions prepared with both algae fractions showed unusually high salt stabilities up to 500 mM of sodium chloride, with no appreciable changes in volume based mean particle diameter, appearance, or microstructure. Furthermore, model emulsions with soluble lyophilized proteins from Chlorella sorokiniana had a very high stability toward changes in pH (pH ≥ 5), whereas soluble proteins of Phaeodactylum tricornutum showed only a moderate pH stability with the smallest volume based particle size at pH 7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Ebert
- Department of Food Physics and Meat Science, Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstrasse 21/25, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany.
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Gille A, Neumann U, Louis S, Bischoff SC, Briviba K. Microalgae as a potential source of carotenoids: Comparative results of an in vitro digestion method and a feeding experiment with C57BL/6J mice. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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43
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Neumann U, Derwenskus F, Gille A, Louis S, Schmid-Staiger U, Briviba K, Bischoff SC. Bioavailability and Safety of Nutrients from the Microalgae Chlorella vulgaris, Nannochloropsis oceanica and Phaeodactylum tricornutum in C57BL/6 Mice. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10080965. [PMID: 30049974 PMCID: PMC6116023 DOI: 10.3390/nu10080965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Microalgae are rich in macronutrients and therefore, they have been proposed as a potential future food source preserving natural resources. Here, we studied safety and bioavailability of algae nutrients in mice. Three microalgae species, Chlorella vulgaris, Nannochloropsis oceanica and Phaeodactylum tricornutum, were studied after ball mill disruption at different doses (5%, 15% and 25% dry weight) for 14 days. In response to all three algae diets, we observed a weight gain similar or superior to that in response to the control diet. No substantial differences in organ weights nor gut length occurred. Protein bioavailability from the algae diets did not differ from the control diet ranging from 58% to 77% apparent biological value. Fat absorption was lower for microalgae compared to soy oil in control diets, albeit still substantial. High liver eicosapentaenoic acid levels were measured following feeding with N. oceanica, the algae richest in omega-3 fatty acids. Neither histological nor serum analyses revealed any heart, kidney or liver toxicity induced by any of the algae diets. Algae-rich diets were thus well accepted, well tolerated and suitable for the maintenance of body weight and normal organ function. No toxicological effects were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Neumann
- Institute of Clinical Nutrition, University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstr. 12, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Felix Derwenskus
- Institute of Interfacial Process Engineering and Plasma Technology, University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Andrea Gille
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Max Rubner-Institut, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Sandrine Louis
- Institute of Clinical Nutrition, University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstr. 12, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany.
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Max Rubner-Institut, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Ulrike Schmid-Staiger
- Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Karlis Briviba
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Max Rubner-Institut, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Stephan C Bischoff
- Institute of Clinical Nutrition, University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstr. 12, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany.
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44
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Comparison of microalgal biomasses as functional food ingredients: Focus on the composition of cell wall related polysaccharides. ALGAL RES 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2018.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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45
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Ultrasound-assisted extraction of carotenoids from mango ( Mangifera indica L. ‘Ataulfo’) by-products on in vitro bioaccessibility. FOOD BIOSCI 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2017.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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46
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Marinelli V, Padalino L, Conte A, Del Nobile MA, Briviba K. Red Grape Marc Flour as Food Ingredient in Durum Wheat Spaghetti: Nutritional Evaluation and Bioaccessibility of Bioactive Compounds. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 2018. [DOI: 10.3136/fstr.24.1093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Marinelli
- University of Foggia, Department of Agricultural Sciences, Food and the Environment
| | - Lucia Padalino
- University of Foggia, Department of Agricultural Sciences, Food and the Environment
| | - Amalia Conte
- University of Foggia, Department of Agricultural Sciences, Food and the Environment
| | | | - Karlis Briviba
- Max Rubner-Institut, Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition
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Gille A, Hollenbach R, Trautmann A, Posten C, Briviba K. Effect of sonication on bioaccessibility and cellular uptake of carotenoids from preparations of photoautotrophic Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Food Res Int 2017; 118:40-48. [PMID: 30898351 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.12.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
With regard to its cost-effective cultivation and the composition of high-value nutrients, the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum (P. tricornutum) attracts interest for the use in human nutrition. Besides a number of important nutrients, it is rich in carotenoids. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the potential of P. tricornutum as a carotenoid source for human nutrition. In photoautotrophically produced P. tricornutum biomass the carotenoid constitution, bioaccessibility (in vitro digestion model) and cellular uptake in differentiated Caco-2 cells (Transwell model system) was determined. Furthermore, the influence of sonication on these parameters was investigated. The results indicate that β-carotene, zeaxanthin and fucoxanthin were the main carotenoids found in P. tricornutum. Moreover, these carotenoids showed a good bioaccessibility (β-carotene: 25%, zeaxanthin: 27%, fucoxanthin: 57%), which is further improved by sonication for β-carotene and fucoxanthin. In line with the good bioaccessibility, fucoxanthin was the most abundant carotenoid in Caco-2 cells followed by zeaxanthin. In contrast, β-carotene could not be detected in the cells. The present study demonstrated that P. tricornutum represents a good source of carotenoids, particularly fucoxanthin. Thus, this diatom can contribute to the intake of bioaccessible carotenoids, even without processing. In addition, sonication might be a useful tool to improve the carotenoid bioaccessibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Gille
- Max Rubner-Institut, Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Karlsruhe.
| | - Rebecca Hollenbach
- Max Rubner-Institut, Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Karlsruhe
| | - Andreas Trautmann
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Process Engineering in Life Sciences III Bioprocess Engineering, Karlsruhe
| | - Clemens Posten
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Process Engineering in Life Sciences III Bioprocess Engineering, Karlsruhe
| | - Karlis Briviba
- Max Rubner-Institut, Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Karlsruhe
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Zhang P, Li Z, Lu L, Xiao Y, Liu J, Guo J, Fang F. Effects of stepwise nitrogen depletion on carotenoid content, fluorescence parameters and the cellular stoichiometry of Chlorella vulgaris. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2017; 181:30-38. [PMID: 28319796 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2017.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Stressful conditions can stimulate the accumulation of carotenoids in some microalgae. To obtain more knowledge of the stress response, we studied the effects of different N concentrations on unicellular content of carotenoids using Raman spectroscopic technique; cellular stoichiometric changes and the fluorescence parameters of Chlorella vulgaris were concomitantly studied. Initially, we optimized the Raman scattering conditions and demonstrated the feasibility of unicellular carotenoid analysis by Raman spectroscopic technique. The results showed that an integration time of 10 s, laser power at 0.1mW and an accumulation time of 1 were the optimum conditions, and the peak height at 1523cm-1 scaled linearly with the carotenoid content in the range of 0.625-1440mg/L with a recovery rate of 97%~103%. In the experiment, seven different nitrogen levels ranging from 0 to 2.48×105μg/L were imposed. Samples were taken at the start, exponential phase and end of the experiment. The results showed that nitrogen stress can facilitate the synthesis of carotenoids, while at the same time, excessive nitrogen stress led to lower proliferative and photosynthetic activity. Compared with carotenoids, chlorophylls were more sensitive to nitrogen stress; it declined dramatically as stress processed. There existed no significant differences for Fv/Fm among different nitrogen levels during the exponential phase, while in the end, it declined and a significant difference appeared between cells in 2.48×105μg/L N and other experimental levels. Photosynthetic efficiency, namely the C/N mole ratio in algal cells, didnot significantly change during the exponential phase; however, apparent increases ultimately occurred, except for the stable C/N in BG11 medium. This increase matched well with the carotenoid decline, indicating that an increasing cellular C/N mole ratio can be used as an indicator of excessive stress in carotenoid production. Besides, there also existed an inverse correlation with ETRmax.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environments of MOE, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Zhe Li
- Key Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment of CAS, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714,China.
| | - Lunhui Lu
- Key Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment of CAS, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714,China
| | - Yan Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment of CAS, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714,China
| | - Jing Liu
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environments of MOE, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Jinsong Guo
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environments of MOE, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China; Key Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment of CAS, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714,China
| | - Fang Fang
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environments of MOE, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
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Trautmann A, Schirmer M, Posten C. Prozessführung zur phototrophen Protein-Produktion mit Mikroalgen. CHEM-ING-TECH 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.201650062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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