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Zheng Q, Shen Q, Shu Z, Chang K, Zhong K, Yan Y, Ke J, Huang J, Su R, Xia J, Zhou X. Deep representation learning from electronic medical records identifies distinct symptom based subtypes and progression patterns for COVID-19 prognosis. Int J Med Inform 2024; 191:105555. [PMID: 39089210 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2024.105555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/03/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Symptoms are significant kind of phenotypes for managing and controlling of the burst of acute infectious diseases, such as COVID-19. Although patterns of symptom clusters and time series have been considered the high potential prediction factors for the prognosis of patients, the elaborated subtypes and their progression patterns based on symptom phenotypes related to the prognosis of COVID-19 patients still need be detected. This study aims to investigate patient subtypes and their progression patterns with distinct features of outcome and prognosis. METHODS This study included a total of 14,139 longitudinal electronic medical records (EMRs) obtained from four hospitals in Hubei Province, China, involving 2,683 individuals in the early stage of COVID-19 pandemic. A deep representation learning model was developed to help acquire the symptom profiles of patients. K-means clustering algorithm is used to divide them into distinct subtypes. Subsequently, symptom progression patterns were identified by considering the subtypes associated with patients upon admission and discharge. Furthermore, we used Fisher's test to identify significant clinical entities for each subtype. RESULTS Three distinct patient subtypes exhibiting specific symptoms and prognosis have been identified. Particularly, Subtype 0 includes 44.2% of the whole and is characterized by poor appetite, fatigue and sleep disorders; Subtype 1 includes 25.6% cases and is characterized by confusion, cough with bloody sputum, encopresis and urinary incontinence; Subtype 2 includes 30.2% cases and is characterized by dry cough and rhinorrhea. These three subtypes demonstrate significant disparities in prognosis, with the mortality rates of 4.72%, 8.59%, and 0.25% respectively. Furthermore, symptom cluster progression patterns showed that patients with Subtype 0 who manifest dark yellow urine, chest pain, etc. in the admission stage exhibit an elevated risk of transforming into the more severe subtypes with poor outcome, whereas those presenting with nausea and vomiting tend to incline towards entering the milder subtype. CONCLUSION This study has proposed a clinical meaningful approach by utilizing the deep representation learning and real-world EMR data containing symptom phenotypes to identify the COVID-19 subtypes and their progression patterns. The results would be potentially useful to help improve the precise stratification and management of acute infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiguang Zheng
- School of Computer and Information Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University, China
| | - Qifan Shen
- School of Computer and Information Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University, China
| | - Zixin Shu
- School of Computer and Information Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University, China
| | - Kai Chang
- School of Computer and Information Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University, China
| | - Kunyu Zhong
- School of Computer and Information Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University, China
| | - Yuhang Yan
- School of Computer and Information Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University, China
| | - Jia Ke
- Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Jingjing Huang
- Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Rui Su
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Jianan Xia
- School of Computer and Information Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University, China.
| | - Xuezhong Zhou
- School of Computer and Information Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University, China.
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2
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Drori P, Mouhadeb O, Moya Muñoz GG, Razvag Y, Alcalay R, Klocke P, Cordes T, Zahavy E, Lerner E. Rapid and specific detection of nanoparticles and viruses one at a time using microfluidic laminar flow and confocal fluorescence microscopy. iScience 2024; 27:110982. [PMID: 39391727 PMCID: PMC11466642 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 09/13/2024] [Indexed: 10/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Mainstream virus detection relies on the specific amplification of nucleic acids via polymerase chain reaction, a process that is slow and requires extensive laboratory expertise and equipment. Other modalities, such as antigen-based tests, allow much faster virus detection but have reduced sensitivity. In this study, we introduce an approach for rapid and specific detection of single nanoparticles using a confocal-based flow virometer. The combination of laminar flow in a microfluidic channel and correlated fluorescence signals emerging from both free dyes and fluorescently labeled primary antibodies provide insights into nanoparticle volumes and specificities. We evaluate and validate the assay using fluorescent beads and viruses, including SARS-CoV-2 with fluorescently labeled primary antibodies. Additionally, we demonstrate how hydrodynamic focusing enhances the assay sensitivity for detecting viruses at relevant loads. Based on our results, we envision the future use of this technology for clinically relevant bio-nanoparticles, supported by the implementation of the assay in a portable and user-friendly setup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paz Drori
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, Faculty of Mathematics & Science, The Edmond J. Safra Campus, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Odelia Mouhadeb
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Gabriel G. Moya Muñoz
- Physical and Synthetic Biology. Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Großhadernerstr. 2-4, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
- Biophysical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Yair Razvag
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, Faculty of Mathematics & Science, The Edmond J. Safra Campus, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Ron Alcalay
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Philipp Klocke
- Physical and Synthetic Biology. Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Großhadernerstr. 2-4, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Thorben Cordes
- Physical and Synthetic Biology. Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Großhadernerstr. 2-4, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
- Biophysical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Eran Zahavy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Eitan Lerner
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, Faculty of Mathematics & Science, The Edmond J. Safra Campus, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
- The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
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Lozano-Bilbao E, Hardisson A, González-Weller D, Paz S, Gutiérrez ÁJ. Impact of tourism on metal concentrations in Phorcus sauciatus due to the COVID-19 pandemic period in Canary Islands (CE Atlantic, Spain). MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 207:116917. [PMID: 39241368 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 08/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Abstract
The pandemic (COVID-19) had diverse effects on marine pollution. Throughout the lockdown periods, temporary enhancements in water quality and biodiversity were observed due to reduced human activity and constraints on travel and maritime transportation. The marine snail, Phorcus sauciatus, served as an indicator for marine pollution, and samples were collected in Tenerife, Canary Islands, during various months in 2020. The findings indicated that metal concentrations in Phorcus sauciatus were higher in February but declined in July and December as a result of reduced tourist activity during the pandemic. This underscores the significance of promoting sustainable tourism in the Canary Islands to mitigate high metal concentrations in the marine environment. The COVID-19 pandemic had a positive impact on reducing metal concentrations in marine pollution, underscoring the importance of adopting sustainable tourism practices to protect marine ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Lozano-Bilbao
- Grupo Interuniversitario de Toxicología Alimentaria y Ambiental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Campus de Ofra, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, 38071 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain; Grupo de Investigación en Ecología Marina Aplicada y Pesquerías (EMAP), Instituto de Investigación de Estudios Ambientales y Recursos Naturales (i-UNAT), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Campus de Tafira, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017 Las Palmas, Spain.
| | - Arturo Hardisson
- Grupo Interuniversitario de Toxicología Alimentaria y Ambiental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Campus de Ofra, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, 38071 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain; Departamento de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Pediatría, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Toxicología, Medicina Legal y Forense y Parasitología, Área de Toxicología, Universidad de La Laguna, Campus de Ofra, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, 38071 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Dailos González-Weller
- Grupo Interuniversitario de Toxicología Alimentaria y Ambiental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Campus de Ofra, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, 38071 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain; Servicio Público Canario de Salud, Laboratorio Central, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, 38006 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Soraya Paz
- Grupo Interuniversitario de Toxicología Alimentaria y Ambiental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Campus de Ofra, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, 38071 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain; Departamento de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Pediatría, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Toxicología, Medicina Legal y Forense y Parasitología, Área de Toxicología, Universidad de La Laguna, Campus de Ofra, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, 38071 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Ángel J Gutiérrez
- Grupo Interuniversitario de Toxicología Alimentaria y Ambiental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Campus de Ofra, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, 38071 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain; Departamento de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Pediatría, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Toxicología, Medicina Legal y Forense y Parasitología, Área de Toxicología, Universidad de La Laguna, Campus de Ofra, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, 38071 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
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Hughes JA, Wu Y, Jones L, Douglas C, Brown N, Hazelwood S, Lyrstedt AL, Jarugula R, Chu K, Nguyen A. Analyzing pain patterns in the emergency department: Leveraging clinical text deep learning models for real-world insights. Int J Med Inform 2024; 190:105544. [PMID: 39003790 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2024.105544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the incidence of patients presenting in pain to a large Australian inner-city emergency department (ED) using a clinical text deep learning algorithm. MATERIALS AND METHODS A fine-tuned, domain-specific, transformer-based clinical text deep learning model was used to interpret free-text nursing assessments in the electronic medical records of 235,789 adult presentations to the ED over a three-year period. The model classified presentations according to whether the patient had pain on arrival at the ED. Interrupted time series analysis was used to determine the incidence of pain in patients on arrival over time. We described the changes in the population characteristics and incidence of patients with pain on arrival occurring with the start of the Covid-19 pandemic. RESULTS 55.16% (95%CI 54.95%-55.36%) of all patients presenting to this ED had pain on arrival. There were differences in demographics and arrival and departure patterns between patients with and without pain. The Covid-19 pandemic initially precipitated a decrease followed by a sharp, sustained rise in pain on arrival, with concurrent changes to the population arriving in pain and their treatment. DISCUSSION Applying a clinical text deep learning model has successfully identified the incidence of pain on arrival. It represents an automated, reproducible mechanism to identify pain from routinely collected medical records. The description of this population and their treatment forms the basis of intervention to improve care for patients with pain. The combination of the clinical text deep learning models and interrupted time series analysis has reported on the effects of the Covid-19 pandemic on pain care in the ED, outlining a methodology to assess the impact of significant events or interventions on pain care in the ED. CONCLUSION Applying a novel deep learning approach to identifying pain guides methodological approaches to evaluating pain care interventions in the ED, giving previously unavailable population-level insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A Hughes
- School of Nursing, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia; Emergency and Trauma Centre, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Yutong Wu
- Australian e-Health Research Centre, CSIRO, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Lee Jones
- QIMR-Berghoffer Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Clint Douglas
- School of Nursing, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia; Metro North Health, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nathan Brown
- Emergency and Trauma Centre, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Sarah Hazelwood
- Emergency Department, The Prince Charles Hospital, Queensland, Australia
| | - Anna-Lisa Lyrstedt
- School of Nursing, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia; Emergency and Trauma Centre, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Rajeev Jarugula
- Emergency Department, The Prince Charles Hospital, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kevin Chu
- Emergency and Trauma Centre, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Anthony Nguyen
- Australian e-Health Research Centre, CSIRO, Brisbane, Australia
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Roy A, Shekhar U, Bose A, Ghosh S, Nannuru S, Kumar Dana S, Hens C. Impact of diffusion on synchronization pattern of epidemics in non-identical meta-population networks. CHAOS (WOODBURY, N.Y.) 2024; 34:103120. [PMID: 39374437 DOI: 10.1063/5.0222358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 09/12/2024] [Indexed: 10/09/2024]
Abstract
In epidemic networks, it has been demonstrated that implementing any intervention strategy on nodes with specific characteristics (such as a high degree or node betweenness) substantially diminishes the outbreak size. We extend this finding with a disease-spreading meta-population model using testkits to explore the influence of migration on infection dynamics within the distinct communities of the network. Notably, we observe that nodes equipped with testkits and no testkits tend to segregate into two separate clusters when migration is low, but above a critical migration rate, they coalesce into one single cluster. Based on this clustering phenomenon, we develop a reduced model and validate the emergent clustering behavior through comprehensive simulations. We observe this property in both homogeneous and heterogeneous networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anika Roy
- International Institute of Information Technology Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500032, India
| | - Ujjwal Shekhar
- International Institute of Information Technology Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500032, India
| | - Aditi Bose
- International Institute of Information Technology Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500032, India
| | - Subrata Ghosh
- International Institute of Information Technology Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500032, India
- Centre for Mathematical Biology and Ecology, Department of Mathematics, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Santosh Nannuru
- International Institute of Information Technology Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500032, India
| | - Syamal Kumar Dana
- Division of Dynamics, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 1/15, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
- Centre for Mathematical Biology and Ecology, Department of Mathematics, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Chittaranjan Hens
- International Institute of Information Technology Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500032, India
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Gebrehana DA, Molla GE, Endalew W, Teshome DF, Mekonnen FA, Angaw DA. Prevalence of schistosomiasis and its association with anemia in Ethiopia, 2024: a systematic review and meta‑analysis. BMC Infect Dis 2024; 24:1040. [PMID: 39333889 PMCID: PMC11430100 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-024-09926-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 09/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease that affects over 250 million people, predominantly in impoverished communities, including those in Ethiopia. However, there is currently no available national data regarding its prevalence in Ethiopia or its potential association with anemia. METHODS The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA-2020) guideline was followed in our study. A comprehensive search strategy was conducted using international databases (PUB Med, Embase, Scopus, and Science Direct) and websites (Google Scholar and Google) from their date of inception to April 22, 2024. The quality of the retrieved studies was assessed using an adapted version of the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Publication bias and statistical heterogeneity were statistically assessed. A random effects model was applied, and all analysis was performed with STATA 17 statistical software. RESULT The prevalence of schistosomiasis was assessed in twelve studies with 5747 participants. S. mansoni was studied in 11 research papers, while S. hematobium was assessed in one study. Using a random effect model due to high heterogeneity (I2 = 98.46%; P < 0.001), the overall pooled prevalence of schistosomiasis in Ethiopia was 22% (95% CI: 14.3, 29.6). The prevalence of schistosomiasis was about two and a half times higher in rural settings (23%) (95% CI: 15, 31) than in urban areas (10%) (95% CI: 3, 17). The burden of schistosomiasis was 23% between 2020 and 2024, compared to 16% from 2015-2019, with a higher prevalence among pediatric age groups (22%) versus 14% in mixed pediatric and adult age groups. The magnitude of schistosomiasis for good and very good-quality papers was 22% and 17%, respectively. In all the subgroup analyses, there was considerable statistically significant heterogeneity. No study was found to evaluate the association of schistosomiasis with anemia. CONCLUSION The study reveals Ethiopia's higher schistosomiasis prevalence. Rural areas have a high burden of schistosomiasis. No eligible study was found to evaluate the association of schistosomiasis with anemia. Therefore, prevention and control measures should focus on rural settings. TRIAL REGISTRATION The registration number at PROSPERO is CRD42024538522.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deresse Abebe Gebrehana
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
| | - Gebretsadik Endeshaw Molla
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Woretaw Endalew
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Destaw Fetene Teshome
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Fantahun Ayenew Mekonnen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Dessie Abebaw Angaw
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
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Althomali OW, Hussain Shaik D, Kanwal R, Amin J, Acar T, Abdelmoniem Ibrahim A, Hussein HM, Ansari A, Alhammad AA, Shahid Ali M, Alqunun A, Alghamdi W. The Impact of COVID-19 on Functional Capacity and Pulmonary Outcomes in the Hail Region: A Cross-Sectional Study. J Clin Med 2024; 13:5571. [PMID: 39337058 PMCID: PMC11433494 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13185571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2024] [Revised: 09/08/2024] [Accepted: 09/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Background/Objectives: COVID-19, caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has had a significant impact on life worldwide since its emergence in late 2019. The virus has caused a global pandemic, leading to widespread health, social, economic, and psychological effects. COVID-19 mainly affects the respiratory system. This study aimed to compare the functional capacity and pulmonary function outcomes between COVID-19 patients and individuals who have not been infected in the Hail region. Methods: Individuals of both genders above 18 years old who had been infected with COVID-19 in the previous 6 months or had never been infected were eligible to participate. Local hospitals and social media apps were used to recruit willing participants. Heart rate, pulse oxygen saturation, blood pressure, pulmonary function test, hand grip strength, and functional tests (6 min walk test, 30 s sit-to-stand test, and timed up and go test) were measured and compared between the groups. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS Version 25. Results: Forty individuals affected with COVID-19 and forty-one healthy individuals were recruited. Our results showed that in individuals affected with COVID-19, scores on the minute ventilation, 30 s sit-to-stand, and 6 min walk tests were significantly lower than among healthy individuals. Other outcomes did not show any statistical differences between the groups. Conclusion: This study contributes to a greater understanding of the functional capacity status of individuals with COVID-19. Patients affected by COVID-19 may develop an impaired lung capacity and a decreased function capacity. These factors may negatively affect physical and cognitive health status. Future studies should evaluate the benefits of interventions with rehabilitation exercises following COVID-19. In light of the functional capacity and pulmonary function decline in individuals affected by COVID-19, interventions encompassing pulmonary and functional rehabilitation exercises are recommended to improve physical fitness and pulmonary function post-COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar W Althomali
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Sciences, University of Hai'l, Hail P.O. Box 2240, Saudi Arabia
| | - Daria Hussain Shaik
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Sciences, University of Hai'l, Hail P.O. Box 2240, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raheela Kanwal
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Sciences, University of Hai'l, Hail P.O. Box 2240, Saudi Arabia
| | - Junaid Amin
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Sciences, University of Hai'l, Hail P.O. Box 2240, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tolgahan Acar
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Sciences, University of Hai'l, Hail P.O. Box 2240, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Abdelmoniem Ibrahim
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Sciences, University of Hai'l, Hail P.O. Box 2240, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Physical Therapy, Cairo University Hospitals, Giza P.O. Box 12613, Egypt
| | - Hisham M Hussein
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Sciences, University of Hai'l, Hail P.O. Box 2240, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Basic Sciences for Physical Therapy, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Giza P.O. Box 12613, Egypt
| | - Aisha Ansari
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Sciences, University of Hai'l, Hail P.O. Box 2240, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayman A Alhammad
- Department of Physiotherapy, College of Medical Rehabilitation Sciences, Taibah University, Almadinah Almunawarah P.O. Box 344, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Shahid Ali
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Sciences, University of Hai'l, Hail P.O. Box 2240, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Alqunun
- Akaz Physiotherapy Center, Hail P.O. Box 55436, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wael Alghamdi
- Faculty of Nursing, Nursing Community Health Department, Al-Baha University, Al-Baha P.O. Box 1988, Saudi Arabia
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Xiao H, Xu J, Liu Y, Feng W, Pang B, Tao J, Zhang H. Integration of a Cas12a-mediated DNAzyme actuator with efficient RNA extraction for ultrasensitive colorimetric detection of viral RNA. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 260:116429. [PMID: 38838573 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Developing highly sensitive and specific on-site tests is imperative to strengthen preparedness against future emerging infectious diseases. Here, we describe the construction of a Cas12a-mediated DNAzyme actuator capable of converting the recognition of a specific DNA sequence into an amplified colorimetric signal. To address viral RNA extraction challenges for on-site applications, we developed a rapid and efficient method capable of lysing the viral particles, preserving the released viral RNA, and concentrating the viral RNA. Integration of the DNAzyme actuator with the viral RNA extraction method and loop-mediated isothermal amplification enables a streamlined colorimetric assay for highly sensitive colorimetric detection of respiratory RNA viruses in gargle and saliva. This assay can detect as few as 83 viral particles/100 μL in gargle and 166 viral particles/100 μL in saliva. The entire assay, from sample processing to visual detection, was completed within 1 h at a single controlled temperature. We validated the assay by detecting SARS-CoV-2 in 207 gargle and saliva samples, achieving a clinical sensitivity of 96.3 % and specificity of 100%. The assay is adaptable for detecting specific nucleic acid sequences in other pathogens and is suitable for resource-limited settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huyan Xiao
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G3, Canada
| | - JingYang Xu
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G3, Canada
| | - Yanming Liu
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G3, Canada
| | - Wei Feng
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G3, Canada
| | - Bo Pang
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G3, Canada
| | - Jeffrey Tao
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G3, Canada
| | - Hongquan Zhang
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G3, Canada.
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Takita SY, Sé ABS, Hoffmann GM, Bunduki W, Carvalho LR, Fonseca CRB. Causes of Hospitalization in Children with Down Syndrome. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2024; 60:1480. [PMID: 39336521 PMCID: PMC11433946 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60091480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2024] [Revised: 08/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Down syndrome (DS) is the most common chromosomal disorder in the world. It is caused by the imbalance of the chromosomal constitution of 21 by free trisomy, translocation or mosaicism. Children and adolescents with Down syndrome have immune dysregulation and are more susceptible to infections. This study aims to evaluate hospitalizations of children and adolescents with DS in the pediatric ward of Botucatu Clinics Hospital (HCFMB) and to classify the population of children included in the study according to age, diagnosis, outpatient follow-up, length of stay and need for the intensive care unit (ICU). Thus, it will be possible to improve care for these children, aiming to reduce these hospitalizations. Materials and Methods: This study was an observational, cross-sectional study, with retrospective data collected from the last nine years of hospitalization, from January 2013 to December 2021, from children and adolescents with DS in the pediatric ward, emergency room, and the ICU of HCFMB. Children hospitalized in this period in the pediatric ward and ICU, in the age range of 30 days to 15 years, were included in this study. The evaluation of comorbidities that culminated in the need for hospitalization in this population can be the focus of actions to improve the diagnoses and conducts for this population, which can prevent worsening illness and hospitalizations in future populations. Results: In this analysis, 80 children with DS were evaluated, with a total of 283 hospitalizations. The most prevalent age group was 1 to 3 years, and the main cause was due to problems in the respiratory system (99 cases). Among the respiratory causes, the main cause of hospitalization was due to pneumonia in 50% of cases, followed by acute respiratory failure in 14%. The average hospitalization time was 8 days, and in 49 hospitalizations, the children required the ICU. The main cause of hospitalization in the ICU was due to respiratory causes (36%), followed by cardiac malformations (14%). During the ICU hospitalizations, there were 13 deaths, and we observed a higher prevalence of heart conditions and, in some cases, positive urine cultures in these children. Conclusions: The Hospital serves as a reference for pediatric hospitalizations within its region and beyond, owing to its specialized capabilities. The main causes of hospitalization were those related to the respiratory system and cardiac malformations. Roughly one-third of the children required admission to the intensive care unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Yaemi Takita
- Department of Pediatrics, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-000, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Beatriz Silva Sé
- Department of Pediatrics, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-000, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Giovanna Michelin Hoffmann
- Department of Pediatrics, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-000, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - William Bunduki
- Department of Pediatrics, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-000, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lidia Raquel Carvalho
- Department of Biostatistics, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-000, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cátia Regina Branco Fonseca
- Department of Pediatrics, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-000, São Paulo, Brazil
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10
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Karcıoğlu Batur L, Dokur M, Koç S, Karabay M, Akcay ZN, Gunger E, Hekim N. Investigation of the Relationship between Vitamin D Deficiency and Vitamin D-Binding Protein Polymorphisms in Severe COVID-19 Patients. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:1941. [PMID: 39272727 PMCID: PMC11393911 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14171941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2024] [Revised: 08/24/2024] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
This study explores the association of vitamin D-binding protein (VDBP) gene polymorphisms, vitamin D levels, and the severity of COVID-19, including the need for intensive care unit (ICU) hospitalization. We analyzed a cohort of 56 consecutive age- and gender-matched adult COVID-19-positive patients and categorized them into three groups: outpatients with mild illness, inpatients with moderate disease, and ICU patients. We measured levels of free, total, and bioavailable 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], VDBP, and albumin. VDBP polymorphisms rs5488 and rs7041 were identified using real-time PCR. A significant proportion of ICU patients were vitamin D-deficient (56.25%) compared to outpatients (10%) and inpatients (5%) (p = 0.0003). ICU patients also had notably lower levels of VDBP (median: 222 mg/L) and total 25(OH)D (median: 18.8 ng/mL). Most patients carried heterozygous rs7041 (60.7%) and wild-type rs4588 (58.9%) genotypes. The distribution of rs7041 SNP varied significantly among groups (p = 0.0301), while rs4588 SNP distribution did not (p = 0.424). Heterozygous rs4588 patients had significantly lower VDBP levels (p = 0.029) and reduced bioavailable 25(OH)D compared to those with wild-type rs4588 (p = 0.020). Our findings indicate that VDBP gene polymorphisms, particularly rs7041 and rs4588, are associated with vitamin D status and the severity of COVID-19. The lower VDBP levels and bioavailable vitamin D in ICU patients suggest that these genetic variants may influence disease severity and hospitalization needs. These results highlight the potential role of VDBP polymorphisms in COVID-19 severity, suggesting that genetic screening could be valuable in assessing the risk of severe outcomes and guiding personalized treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lutfiye Karcıoğlu Batur
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Biruni University, Istanbul 34015, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Dokur
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical Faculty, Biruni University, Istanbul 34015, Turkey
| | - Suna Koç
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Medical Faculty, Biruni University, Istanbul 34015, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Karabay
- Department of Infectious Disease, Private Medicana Hospitalis Bahçelievler, Istanbul 34180, Turkey
| | - Zeyneb Nur Akcay
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Biruni University, Istanbul 34015, Turkey
| | - Ezgi Gunger
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Biruni University, Istanbul 34015, Turkey
| | - Nezih Hekim
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Biruni University, Istanbul 34015, Turkey
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11
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Robinson KL, Pretorius C, Blumenthal R, Meyer P. The Effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Suicide Trends in Pretoria, South Africa. Am J Forensic Med Pathol 2024; 45:202-209. [PMID: 38833342 DOI: 10.1097/paf.0000000000000945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Suicide is one of the worldwide leading causes of unnatural death. Pretoria is a capital city of South Africa and is the fourth most populated city in South Africa. Between 16 and 22 suicide cases are recorded daily in South Africa.Case files from the Pretoria Medico-Legal Laboratory were reviewed between 1 January 2015 to 31 December 2021, which spanned the COVID-19 pandemic. All cases of possible and probable suicides were included. One-way analysis of variance and Pearson chi 2 tests were conducted to determine statistical significance in the observed trends.A total of 1820 possible and probable suicide cases were identified. The year following the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic accounted for the largest number of suicides. White males were the most heavily represented population, followed by Black males. Hanging was the most common method for males, whereas poisoning via ingestion and/or overdose was more commonly used by females.Suicides in Pretoria have increased since previous studies from 9.74% and 10.2% to 13.32%. Methods used have changed among various population groups over the past two decades. This paper examined changes in suicide trends in Pretoria compared to previous studies and highlighted correlations between suicide trends and COVID-19 lockdown measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kay-Leigh Robinson
- From the Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria
| | - Candice Pretorius
- From the Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria
| | - Ryan Blumenthal
- Department of Forensic Medicine, University of Pretoria, Prinshof Campus, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Pieter Meyer
- Department of Forensic Medicine, University of Pretoria, Prinshof Campus, Pretoria, South Africa
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12
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Demongeot J, Magal P. Data-driven mathematical modeling approaches for COVID-19: A survey. Phys Life Rev 2024; 50:166-208. [PMID: 39142261 DOI: 10.1016/j.plrev.2024.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
In this review, we successively present the methods for phenomenological modeling of the evolution of reported and unreported cases of COVID-19, both in the exponential phase of growth and then in a complete epidemic wave. After the case of an isolated wave, we present the modeling of several successive waves separated by endemic stationary periods. Then, we treat the case of multi-compartmental models without or with age structure. Eventually, we review the literature, based on 260 articles selected in 11 sections, ranging from the medical survey of hospital cases to forecasting the dynamics of new cases in the general population. This review favors the phenomenological approach over the mechanistic approach in the choice of references and provides simulations of the evolution of the number of observed cases of COVID-19 for 10 states (California, China, France, India, Israel, Japan, New York, Peru, Spain and United Kingdom).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacques Demongeot
- Université Grenoble Alpes, AGEIS EA7407, La Tronche, F-38700, France.
| | - Pierre Magal
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, 519087, China; Univ. Bordeaux, IMB, UMR 5251, Talence, F-33400, France; CNRS, IMB, UMR 5251, Talence, F-33400, France
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13
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Panahi P, Mirzohreh ST, Zafardoust H, Khamnian Z, Alizadeh M. Navigating the waves: A systematic review of telemedicine interventions and health service access challenges in epilepsy during COVID-19. Epilepsy Behav 2024; 158:109934. [PMID: 39079379 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2024.109934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The COVID-19 pandemic has dramatically reshaped the landscape of healthcare delivery, prompting a surge in the adoption of telemedicine as a means to ensure continuity of care. During the pandemic, patients with epilepsy experienced difficulties accessing healthcare and obtaining necessary medications, with a substantial percentage facing obstacles in acquiring anti-seizure medication and reaching healthcare professionals. Disruptions in the supply and distribution of medication, due to COVID-19-related actions, further caused more problems for people with epilepsy and their caregivers like increasing seizure frequency. The pandemic has also accelerated the adoption of telemedicine, with evidence suggesting its potential benefits in various medical fields. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we aim to investigate the challenges faced by patients with epilepsy during the COVID-19 pandemic, including healthcare access and medication acquisition, as well as evaluate changes in seizure frequency. Additionally, we will synthesize existing evidence on the use of telemedicine to address the healthcare needs of these patients, exploring its advantages and limitations. METHODS This systematic review was prepared using PRISMA reporting guidelines. The databases searched were PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane. Risk of Bias was assessed using Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI). Following rigorous application of eligibility criteria, relevant data, covering both telemedicine-related and health service access information, were methodically extracted and organized using Microsoft Excel spreadsheets. The analytical procedures were executed through the utilization of Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA) software. RESULTS A total of 70 articles included in this review. Regarding difficulties in accessing healthcare, 34% of PWE and 41% of caregivers experienced cancelled, changed or postponed appointments. Following issues with obtaining medicine, 13% of patients and 16% of caregivers had difficulties in medicine availability and 11% of patients and 10% of caregivers in medicine accessibility. A very high rate of 90% satisfaction with telemedicine was reported by PWE. 17.6% of PWE experienced an escalation, 9% a decrease and 67% no changes in seizure frequency. CONCLUSION This review and meta-analysis revealed that telemedicine and virtual communications have been helpful but not sufficient for meeting healthcare needs for PWE during the COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, there was a significant increase in seizure frequency among PWE who had difficulty obtaining medicine and access to healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Zhila Khamnian
- Department of Community Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahasti Alizadeh
- Faculty of Medicine, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Iran.
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14
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Son HJ, Je NK. Impact of narcotics information management system on inappropriate benzodiazepine receptor agonist prescriptions: A quasi-experimental analysis in South Korea. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2024; 90:2271-2279. [PMID: 38866400 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.16119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS The South Korean government implemented the narcotics information management system (NIMS) on 18 May 2018 to manage benzodiazepine receptor agonists (BzRAs) and narcotics effectively and establish a reporting mechanism for these drugs. This study assessed the effects of NIMS on inappropriate use of BzRAs. METHODS Using national patient sample data from 2016 to 2020, we analysed adult outpatients who were prescribed oral BzRAs. We conducted a time series and segmented regression analysis using selected indicators to analyse the monthly variations related to the inappropriate use of these medications. RESULTS The study revealed no significant changes in the indicators of inappropriate BzRA use following the NIMS implementation. Contrary to expectations, there was a significant increase in the proportion of patients exceeding defined daily dose (DDD) and in those receiving concurrent prescriptions of multiple BzRAs, following the implementation of NIMS. The immediate impact of the COVID-19 pandemic was an increase in DDD exceedance; however, overall, this did not significantly affect BzRA use. CONCLUSIONS The introduction of NIMS did not significantly enhance the management of BzRA misuse. Additional measures, including continuous monitoring, system improvements and comprehensive education for prescribers and patients, are recommended to ensure the appropriate use of psychotropic medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Jin Son
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pharmacy, Dong-A University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Kyung Je
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
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15
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Yousefpanah K, Ebadi MJ, Sabzekar S, Zakaria NH, Osman NA, Ahmadian A. An emerging network for COVID-19 CT-scan classification using an ensemble deep transfer learning model. Acta Trop 2024; 257:107277. [PMID: 38878849 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2024.107277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Over the past few years, the widespread outbreak of COVID-19 has caused the death of millions of people worldwide. Early diagnosis of the virus is essential to control its spread and provide timely treatment. Artificial intelligence methods are often used as powerful tools to reach a COVID-19 diagnosis via computed tomography (CT) samples. In this paper, artificial intelligence-based methods are introduced to diagnose COVID-19. At first, a network called CT6-CNN is designed, and then two ensemble deep transfer learning models are developed based on Xception, ResNet-101, DenseNet-169, and CT6-CNN to reach a COVID-19 diagnosis by CT samples. The publicly available SARS-CoV-2 CT dataset is utilized for our implementation, including 2481 CT scans. The dataset is separated into 2108, 248, and 125 images for training, validation, and testing, respectively. Based on experimental results, the CT6-CNN model achieved 94.66% accuracy, 94.67% precision, 94.67% sensitivity, and 94.65% F1-score rate. Moreover, the ensemble learning models reached 99.2% accuracy. Experimental results affirm the effectiveness of designed models, especially the ensemble deep learning models, to reach a diagnosis of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M J Ebadi
- Section of Mathematics, International Telematic University Uninettuno, Corso Vittorio Emanuele II, 39, 00186, Roma, Italy.
| | - Sina Sabzekar
- Civil Engineering Department, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nor Hidayati Zakaria
- Azman Hashim International Business School, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, 54100, Malaysia
| | - Nurul Aida Osman
- Computer and Information Sciences Department, Faculty of Science and Information Technology, Universiti Teknologi Petronas, Malaysia
| | - Ali Ahmadian
- Decisions Lab, Mediterranea University of Reggio Calabria, Reggio Calabria, Italy; Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istanbul Okan University, Istanbul, Turkey.
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16
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Kesmen E, Nezih Kök A, Ateş O, Şenol O. Investigating the pathogenesis of vitreous in postmortem COVID patients via untargeted metabolomics based bioinformatics model. Leg Med (Tokyo) 2024; 70:102461. [PMID: 38815416 DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2024.102461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 virus has become a worldwide pandemic causing millions of death. This severe disaster lead to a immense panic and stress all over the world. Several studies were dedicated to understand its mechanism, pathogenesis and spreading characteristics. By this way, scientists try to develop different therapy and diagnose strategies. For these reasons, several metabolomics, proteomics and genomics studies were also carried out to improve knowledge in this newly identified virus. In this study, we are aimed to explain the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 exposure on postmortem COVID (+) patients via untargeted metabolomics analysis. To carry out this study, a Data Independent Acquisition SWATH method is optimized and performed. Vitreous samples were analyzed in both MS1 and MS2 ESI(+) mode. An orthogonal Partial Least Square Discriminant Analysis were performed for classification. It was observed that lipid metabolism, several amino acids and oxidative stress biomarkers were strongly affected due to high inflammation and possible cytokine storm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Kesmen
- Erzurum Branch Office, The Ministry of Justice Council of Forensic Medicine, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Nezih Kök
- Atatürk University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Forensic Science, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Orhan Ateş
- Atatürk University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Ophtalmology, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Onur Şenol
- Atatürk University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey.
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17
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Chen G, Liu Q, Chen J, Cai G, Tan C, Zhao Y, Hu Q, Yang X, Xu G, Lan Y. Long COVID patients' brain activation is suppressed during walking and severer symptoms lead to stronger suppression. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2024:10.1007/s00406-024-01870-4. [PMID: 39212724 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-024-01870-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
This research aims to study the factors contributing to Long COVID and its effects on motor and cognitive brain regions using population surveys and brain imaging. The goal is to provide new insights into the neurological effects of the illness and establish a basis for addressing neuropsychiatric symptoms associated with Long COVID. Study 1 used a cross-sectional design to collect data on demographic characteristics and factors related to Long COVID symptoms in 551 participants. In Study 2, subjects with Long COVID and SARS-CoV-2 uninfected individuals underwent fNIRS monitoring while performing various tasks. Study 1 found that gender, age, BMI, Days since the first SARS-CoV-2 infection, and Symptoms at first onset influenced Long COVID performance. Study 2 demonstrated that individuals in the SARS-CoV-2 uninfected group exhibited greater activation of cognitive function-related brain regions than those in the Long COVID group while performing a level walking task. Furthermore, individuals in the Long COVID group without functional impairment displayed higher activation of brain regions associated with motor function during a weight-bearing walking task than those with functional impairment. Among individuals with Long COVID, those with mild symptoms at onset exhibited increased activation of brain regions linked to motor and cognitive function relative to those with moderate symptoms at onset. Individuals with Long COVID exhibited decreased activation in brain regions associated with cognitive and motor function compared to SARS-CoV-2 uninfected individuals. Moreover, those with more severe initial symptoms or functional impairment displayed heightened inhibition in these brain regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gengbin Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Postgraduate Research Institute, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Quan Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Postgraduate Research Institute, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jialin Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Postgraduate Research Institute, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guiyuan Cai
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunqiu Tan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Postgraduate Research Institute, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yinchun Zhao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Postgraduate Research Institute, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qixing Hu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Postgraduate Research Institute, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xueru Yang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Postgraduate Research Institute, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guangqing Xu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, No. 106 Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou, 510080, P. R. China.
| | - Yue Lan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aging Frailty and Neurorehabilitation, 1st Panfu Rd, Guangzhou,, Guangdong, China.
- Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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18
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Yusof MZ, Fadzil NFZ, Kamaruzi NNNA, Ayazi MSS. Public perception on face mask wearing during COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia: A cross sectional study. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0303031. [PMID: 39190710 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0303031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Since the emergence of COVID-19, the Malaysian government has made wearing a face mask in public mandatory since August 1, 2020, as an effort by the government to control the transmission of COVID-19. However, Malaysians' willingness to wear face masks in public is unknown. OBJECTIVE Thus, this study aimed to evaluate their perception of face mask wearing during COVID-19 and its contributing factors. METHODOLOGY A total of 1024 respondents, aged ≥ 18 years, participated in this online cross-sectional survey from October 2021 to December 2021. The Face Mask Perception Scale (FMPS) was used to measure their perceptions. RESULTS Most of the respondents perceived wearing a face mask as uncomfortable. Our findings also revealed statistically significant differences and a small effect (f2 = 0.04) in which respondents who were concerned about being infected by the virus perceived face mask wearing appearance positively (B = - 0.09 units of log-transformed, 95% CI = - 0.15, - 0.04), whereas married respondents perceived it negatively (B = 0.07 units of log-transformed, 95% CI = 0.03, 0.09). There were no statistically significant differences in other domains of FMPS. CONCLUSION In conclusion, discomfort was a major complaint. Marital status and fear of COVID-19 infection affected their perceptions. The public health implications of these findings highlight the importance of addressing discomfort and societal perceptions, particularly those influenced by factors such as marital status and COVID-19 experience, to promote widespread acceptance and consistent usage of face masks, which is crucial in mitigating the spread of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Zubir Yusof
- Department of Community Medicine, Kulliyyah of Medicine, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
- IIUM Health, Safety and Environment (IHSEN), Kulliyyah of Medicine, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Nur Faza Zinnirah Fadzil
- Department of Community Medicine, Kulliyyah of Medicine, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Nik Nur Niska Azlin Kamaruzi
- Department of Community Medicine, Kulliyyah of Medicine, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Maya Syazana Syamimi Ayazi
- Department of Community Medicine, Kulliyyah of Medicine, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
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Wang WJ, Tang HT, Ou SC, Shen WJ, Chen CY, Li YC, Chang SY, Chang WC, Hsueh PR, Huang ST, Hung MC. Novel SARS-CoV-2 inhibition properties of the anti-cancer Kang Guan Recipe herbal formula. Cancer Lett 2024; 604:217198. [PMID: 39197583 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.217198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2024] [Revised: 08/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024]
Abstract
The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic is a persistent challenge, with continued breakthrough infections despite vaccination efforts. This has spurred interest in alternative preventive measures, including dietary and herbal interventions. Previous research has demonstrated that herbal medicines can not only inhibit cancer progression but also combat viral infections, including COVID-19 by targeting SARS-CoV-2, indicating a multifaceted potential to address both viruses and cancer. Here, we found that the Kang Guan Recipe (KGR), a novel herbal medicine formula, associates with potent inhibition activity against the SARS-CoV-2 viral infection. We demonstrate that KGR exhibits inhibitory activity against several SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs). Mechanistically, we found that KGR can block the interaction of the viral spike and human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). Furthermore, we assessed the inhibitory effect of KGR on SARS-CoV-2 viral entry in vivo, observing that serum samples from healthy human subjects having taken KGR exhibited suppressive activity against SARS-CoV-2 variants. Our investigation provides valuable insights into the potential of KGR as a novel herbal-based preventive and therapeutic strategy against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Jan Wang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Research Center for Cancer Biology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsuan-Ting Tang
- Department of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Shi-Chen Ou
- Department of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan; School of Post Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Jou Shen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Yu Chen
- Research Center for Cancer Biology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chuan Li
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Cancer Biology and Precision Therapeutics Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Sui-Yuan Chang
- Dept of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotchnology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Dept of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chao Chang
- Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Po-Ren Hsueh
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; PhD Program for Aging, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Teng Huang
- Department of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan; School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Research Cancer Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; An-Nan Hospital, China Medical University, Tainan, Taiwan.
| | - Mien-Chie Hung
- Research Center for Cancer Biology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Cancer Biology and Precision Therapeutics Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan; Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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20
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Errickson LB, Jin Y, Zemeckis D, Hallman WK. Seafood Consumption Trends among U.S. Consumers: Influences of the COVID-19 Pandemic. Foods 2024; 13:2682. [PMID: 39272448 PMCID: PMC11394379 DOI: 10.3390/foods13172682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2024] [Revised: 08/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) recommend twice-weekly consumption of seafood for health benefits, yet many U.S. consumers have historically fallen short of this target. The economic and societal impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic brought concern about further declines in seafood intake. This study evaluated the influence of COVID-19 on seafood intake among U.S. residents, toward understanding potential public health implications. A nationally representative cross-sectional survey of 1200 U.S. residents conducted in June 2021 evaluated the frequency and types of seafood consumed, and purchase methods used, before and during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic. The results (weighted data) indicate most U.S. consumers (90%) eat seafood, yet only 19% meet the seafood DGA. The likelihood of meeting the DGA was higher among consumers who were Asian, Black, or Hispanic; older; unmarried; of higher income; familiar with the DGA; choosing seafood for health reasons; and living in Atlantic or Gulf coast states. During COVID-19, some increased seafood intake for health reasons (45%), while others reduced intake due to factors such as cost (29%), limited availability (16%), and challenges with preparation (11%). Fresh salmon (68%), frozen shrimp (59%), and cooked oysters (41%) were most frequently purchased by consumers of these foods. More consumers indicated purchasing wild salmon (62%), shrimp (44%), and oysters (51%) than farm-raised products, though many were unsure. Fewer consumers included seafood in online grocery orders (36%) than meal kit orders (61%) when using these services. Though many consumers continued to eat seafood despite decreased restaurant patronage, most did not reach the intake level needed to maximize health benefits. Educational and marketing efforts promoting the health benefits of seafood and the convenience of procurement via online purchase methods may encourage intake across demographic groups to benefit public health outcomes in the U.S.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren B Errickson
- School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 112 Log Cabin Road, North Brunswick, NJ 08902, USA
| | - Yanhong Jin
- Department of Agriculture, Food, and Resource Economics, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 112 Log Cabin Road, North Brunswick, NJ 08902, USA
| | - Douglas Zemeckis
- Department of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Rutgers Cooperative Extension, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 112 Log Cabin Road, North Brunswick, NJ 08902, USA
| | - William K Hallman
- Department of Human Ecology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 112 Log Cabin Road, North Brunswick, NJ 08902, USA
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21
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He Q, Zhao MM, Li MJ, Li XY, Jin JM, Feng YM, Zhang L, Huang WJ, Yang F, Yang JK. Hyperglycemia induced cathepsin L maturation linked to diabetic comorbidities and COVID-19 mortality. eLife 2024; 13:RP92826. [PMID: 39150053 PMCID: PMC11329274 DOI: 10.7554/elife.92826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetes, a prevalent chronic condition, significantly increases the risk of mortality from COVID-19, yet the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Emerging evidence implicates Cathepsin L (CTSL) in diabetic complications, including nephropathy and retinopathy. Our previous research identified CTSL as a pivotal protease promoting SARS-CoV-2 infection. Here, we demonstrate elevated blood CTSL levels in individuals with diabetes, facilitating SARS-CoV-2 infection. Chronic hyperglycemia correlates positively with CTSL concentration and activity in diabetic patients, while acute hyperglycemia augments CTSL activity in healthy individuals. In vitro studies reveal high glucose, but not insulin, promotes SARS-CoV-2 infection in wild-type cells, with CTSL knockout cells displaying reduced susceptibility. Utilizing lung tissue samples from diabetic and non-diabetic patients, alongside Leprdb/dbmice and Leprdb/+mice, we illustrate increased CTSL activity in both humans and mice under diabetic conditions. Mechanistically, high glucose levels promote CTSL maturation and translocation from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the lysosome via the ER-Golgi-lysosome axis. Our findings underscore the pivotal role of hyperglycemia-induced CTSL maturation in diabetic comorbidities and complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong He
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Diabetes Institute, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Miao-Miao Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Diabetes Institute, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ming-Jia Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Diabetes Institute, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Ya Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Diabetes Institute, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Min Jin
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying-Mei Feng
- Department of Science and Technology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Division of HIV/AIDS and Sex-Transmitted Virus Vaccines, Institute for Biological Product Control, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC), Beijing, China, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Jin Huang
- Division of HIV/AIDS and Sex-Transmitted Virus Vaccines, Institute for Biological Product Control, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC), Beijing, China, Beijing, China
| | - Fangyuan Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Diabetes Institute, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jin-Kui Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Diabetes Institute, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Laboratory for Clinical Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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22
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Zhang G, Zhang Y, Ba L, Liu L, Su T, Sun Y, Dian Z. Epidemiological changes in respiratory pathogen transmission among children with acute respiratory infections during the COVID-19 pandemic in Kunming, China. BMC Infect Dis 2024; 24:826. [PMID: 39143516 PMCID: PMC11323578 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-024-09733-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute respiratory infections are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children. However, studies on the prevalence of respiratory viruses among children with acute respiratory infections in Kunming, China, are lacking. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the epidemiological characteristics of respiratory pathogens among children with acute respiratory infections in Kunming during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. METHODS Nasopharyngeal swab samples were collected from 4956 children with acute respiratory infections at Yunnan Provincial First People's Hospital between January 2020 and December 2022, patients with COVID-19 were excluded from the study. Multiplex reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was used to detect respiratory pathogens. RESULTS The frequency of respiratory pathogens among children was significantly lower in 2020 than in 2021 and 2022. The following pathogens had the highest prevalence rates (in descending order) from 2020 to 2022: HRV > RSV > PIV > ADV > MP; HRV > RSV > HADV > PIV > MP and HRV > Mp > HADV > H3N2 > HMPV. The overall frequency of respiratory pathogens exhibited an inverted U-shape with increasing age among the children. Human bocavirus, human parainfluenza virus, and human respiratory syncytial virus were the dominant respiratory viruses in children aged ≤ 3 years, whereas Mycoplasma pneumoniae was the dominant respiratory pathogen in children aged > 3 years. HRV has the highest prevalence and is the main pathogen of mixed infection. The prevalence of the influenza A virus has decreased significantly, whereas HRSV and Mp are found to be seasonal. CONCLUSIONS Our findings offer an objective evaluation of transmission dynamics and epidemiological shifts in respiratory pathogens during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic in Kunming, serving as a basis for informed decision-making, prevention, and treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiqian Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Virology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Limei Ba
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Luping Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Ting Su
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Yi Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Ziqin Dian
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China.
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23
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Maqbool M, Hussain MS, Shaikh NK, Sultana A, Bisht AS, Agrawal M. Noncoding RNAs in the COVID-19 Saga: An Untold Story. Viral Immunol 2024; 37:269-286. [PMID: 38968365 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2024.0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/07/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mudasir Maqbool
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Md Sadique Hussain
- Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India
| | - Nusrat K Shaikh
- Department of Quality Assurance, Smt. N. M. Padalia Pharmacy College, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Ayesha Sultana
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Yenepoya Pharmacy College & Research Centre, Yenepoya University, Mangalore, India
| | - Ajay Singh Bisht
- Shri Guru Ram Rai University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dehradun, India
| | - Mohit Agrawal
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical & Allied Sciences, K. R. Mangalam University, Gurugram, India
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24
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Najdaghi S, Narimani Davani D, Hashemian M, Ebrahimi N. Cerebellitis following COVID-19 infection: A case-based systematic review and pooled analysis. Heliyon 2024; 10:e34497. [PMID: 39113976 PMCID: PMC11305223 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e34497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic has been linked to neurological complications, including Cerebellitis. This study aims to investigate the clinical features, and consequences of Cerebellitis following COVID-19 infection, informing medical management strategies. Methods A systematic search was conducted through PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, ProQuest, and Cochrane databases from January 2018 to September 12, 2023, on cases post-COVID-19. Demographics, clinical characteristics, and diagnostic techniques were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Chi-Square tests assessed associations between diagnoses and treatments, with visualizations including heatmaps and scatter plots. Results After the final Screening, the analysis of 18 cases revealed Cerebellitis post-COVID-19 spanned 9 countries, predominantly from the USA (27.8 %), with a mean patient age of 40.1 years (±24.6). Males comprised 94.4 % of cases. Common underlying conditions included hypertension (22.2 %) and diabetes (11.1 %). Neurological symptoms presented on average 15.15 ± 12.7 days post-COVID-19 infection. A moderate negative correlation (r = -0.358) was observed between age and symptom onset. Blood and CSF biomarkers showed weak correlations with symptom onset intervals. Treatment efficacy varied, with most cases achieving symptom-free outcomes. The Chi-Square test for diagnosis-treatment associations yielded a p-value of 0.089, and for follow-up outcomes, a p-value of 0.283, indicating no significant statistical associations. Conclusion This systematic review highlights increased reports of Cerebellitis in males in their fourth decade of life, with the highest comorbidities being vascular diseases. Marker assessments show a decrease in CSF protein in half of patients, along with complete recovery following combination treatment with antivirals and steroids in acute Cerebellitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soroush Najdaghi
- Isfahan Neurosciences Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Delaram Narimani Davani
- Isfahan Neurosciences Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Hashemian
- Department of Medical Librarianship and Information Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Narges Ebrahimi
- Isfahan Neurosciences Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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25
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Abniki R, Tashakor A, Masoudi M, Pourdad A, Mansury D. Tracking Antibiotic Resistance Trends in Central Iran Amidst the COVID-19 Pandemic From 2021 to 2023: A Comprehensive Epidemiological Study. Adv Biomed Res 2024; 13:39. [PMID: 39224403 PMCID: PMC11368225 DOI: 10.4103/abr.abr_345_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The emergence of coronavirus disease in 2019 (COVID-19) appears to be having an impact on antibiotic resistance patterns. Specific circumstances during the COVID-19 era may have played a role in the spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). This study aimed to look at the changes in AMR patterns of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Acinetobacter baumannii at Al-Zahra Hospital. Materials and Methods From March 2021 to January 2023, 3651 clinical samples were collected from patients hospitalized at Isfahan's Al-Zahra Hospital. The Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute recommended procedures for detecting gram-negative bacteria and assessing antibiotic susceptibility were used. We divided the information into three years. Results Highest resistance rates were seen in A. baumannii to Ciprofloxacin (98.0%) and Ampicillin-Sulbactam (97.0%). For P. aeruginosa the resistance rate for Ceftazidime (36.1), Levofloxacin (37.8), and Meropenem (47.1) dropped seriously in 2022. Conclusion During the second year of the pandemic in central Iran, all three species studied showed rising rates of AMR. This can be attributable to two peaks within Iran on May 6, 2021 and August 27, 2021. The results of this study show that P. aeruginosa, K. pneumoniae, and A. baumannii bacteria in central Iran have a higher level of antibiotic resistance than previously studied strains before the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Abniki
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Tashakor
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Melika Masoudi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Arezoo Pourdad
- Department of Infection Control, Al-Zahra Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Davood Mansury
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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26
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Ullah S, Li Y, Rahman W, Ullah F, Ijaz M, Ullah A, Ahmad G, Ullah H, Gao T. CO-19 PDB 2.0: A Comprehensive COVID-19 Database with Global Auto-Alerts, Statistical Analysis, and Cancer Correlations. Database (Oxford) 2024; 2024:baae072. [PMID: 39066515 PMCID: PMC11281848 DOI: 10.1093/database/baae072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Biological databases serve as critical basics for modern research, and amid the dynamic landscape of biology, the COVID-19 database has emerged as an indispensable resource. The global outbreak of Covid-19, commencing in December 2019, necessitates comprehensive databases to unravel the intricate connections between this novel virus and cancer. Despite existing databases, a crucial need persists for a centralized and accessible method to acquire precise information within the research community. The main aim of the work is to develop a database which has all the COVID-19-related data available in just one click with auto global notifications. This gap is addressed by the meticulously designed COVID-19 Pandemic Database (CO-19 PDB 2.0), positioned as a comprehensive resource for researchers navigating the complexities of COVID-19 and cancer. Between December 2019 and June 2024, the CO-19 PDB 2.0 systematically collected and organized 120 datasets into six distinct categories, each catering to specific functionalities. These categories encompass a chemical structure database, a digital image database, a visualization tool database, a genomic database, a social science database, and a literature database. Functionalities range from image analysis and gene sequence information to data visualization and updates on environmental events. CO-19 PDB 2.0 has the option to choose either the search page for the database or the autonotification page, providing a seamless retrieval of information. The dedicated page introduces six predefined charts, providing insights into crucial criteria such as the number of cases and deaths', country-wise distribution, 'new cases and recovery', and rates of death and recovery. The global impact of COVID-19 on cancer patients has led to extensive collaboration among research institutions, producing numerous articles and computational studies published in international journals. A key feature of this initiative is auto daily notifications for standardized information updates. Users can easily navigate based on different categories or use a direct search option. The study offers up-to-date COVID-19 datasets and global statistics on COVID-19 and cancer, highlighting the top 10 cancers diagnosed in the USA in 2022. Breast and prostate cancers are the most common, representing 30% and 26% of new cases, respectively. The initiative also ensures the removal or replacement of dead links, providing a valuable resource for researchers, healthcare professionals, and individuals. The database has been implemented in PHP, HTML, CSS and MySQL and is available freely at https://www.co-19pdb.habdsk.org/. Database URL: https://www.co-19pdb.habdsk.org/.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yingmei Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
- Big Data Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | | | | | | | - Anees Ullah
- S Khan Lab Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Tianshun Gao
- Big Data Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
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27
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Newson KS, Benoit DM, Beavis AW. Encoder-decoder convolutional neural network for simple CT segmentation of COVID-19 infected lungs. PeerJ Comput Sci 2024; 10:e2178. [PMID: 39145207 PMCID: PMC11323195 DOI: 10.7717/peerj-cs.2178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
This work presents the application of an Encoder-Decoder convolutional neural network (ED-CNN) model to automatically segment COVID-19 computerised tomography (CT) data. By doing so we are producing an alternative model to current literature, which is easy to follow and reproduce, making it more accessible for real-world applications as little training would be required to use this. Our simple approach achieves results comparable to those of previously published studies, which use more complex deep-learning networks. We demonstrate a high-quality automated segmentation prediction of thoracic CT scans that correctly delineates the infected regions of the lungs. This segmentation automation can be used as a tool to speed up the contouring process, either to check manual contouring in place of a peer checking, when not possible or to give a rapid indication of infection to be referred for further treatment, thus saving time and resources. In contrast, manual contouring is a time-consuming process in which a professional would contour each patient one by one to be later checked by another professional. The proposed model uses approximately 49 k parameters while others average over 1,000 times more parameters. As our approach relies on a very compact model, shorter training times are observed, which make it possible to easily retrain the model using other data and potentially afford "personalised medicine" workflows. The model achieves similarity scores of Specificity (Sp) = 0.996 ± 0.001, Accuracy (Acc) = 0.994 ± 0.002 and Mean absolute error (MAE) = 0.0075 ± 0.0005.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiri S. Newson
- Department of Physics and Mathematics, University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom
| | - David M. Benoit
- E. A. Milne Centre for Astrophysics, Department of Physics and Mathematics, University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew W. Beavis
- Medical Physics Department, Queen’s Centre for Oncology, Hull University Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Cottingham, Hull, United Kingdom
- Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, University of London, London, United Kingdom
- Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom
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Abdulai K, Alhassan AR, Aleboko SO, Ahmed MD, Seidu Mohammed A, Fremah Adom OA, Kumah R. Dietary diversity and nutritional status of adults living with HIV during the COVID-19 era. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0307427. [PMID: 39028717 PMCID: PMC11259258 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0307427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has brought about unique challenges in healthcare and nutrition, particularly for people living with HIV (PLHIV). Understanding their dietary patterns and nutritional status is crucial for developing targeted interventions and improving health outcomes. Therefore, this study assessed the dietary diversity and nutritional status of PLHIV during the COVID-19 era. METHODS We adopted a facility-based cross-sectional study design to enroll 220 PLHIV from two hospitals in the Central Region of Ghana. Dietary intakes were assessed using 24-hour recall. Anthropometric and body composition data were collected with a stadiometer and a body composition monitor. Dietary diversity was evaluated using the FAO's Individual Dietary Diversity Score (IDDS). Data analysis was conducted with SPSS version 20. Significance level was set p-value less than 0.05. RESULTS A significant proportion (33.2%) of PLHIV had low dietary diversity, with the majority (55.5%) categorized as needing dietary improvement. Approximately 2 out of every 10 of the participants were identified as underweight. Participants aged 40 to 59 years were more likely to exhibit higher dietary diversity (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 1.966, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.045-4.987). Participants who consumed meals at least three times daily were more likely to have a high IDDS (AOR = 1.641, 95% CI: 1.221, 8.879). Employed participants (public sector and private sector) were also more likely to have a high IDDS compared to unemployed participants (AOR = 1.448, 95% CI: 1.028-3.042; AOR = 1.165, 95% CI: 1.030-9.329, respectively). Factors associated with undernutrition included being female (AOR = 1.829, 95% CI: 1.294, 3.872) and first-line antiretroviral therapy ART (AOR = 1.683, 95% CI: 1.282-2.424). CONCLUSION The study emphasizes the need for nutritional interventions for PLHIV, particularly during crises. It advocates for a policy collaboration to address food insecurity and promote resilient health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasim Abdulai
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | | | | | | | - Awal Seidu Mohammed
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | | | - Rhoda Kumah
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
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29
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Nagai A, Lemes RB, Mill JG, Pereira AC, Marques RE, Hünemeier T. The seroconversion history to SARS-CoV-2 in Indigenous people from Brazil - the interplay between exposure, vaccination, and tuberculosis. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1359066. [PMID: 39081316 PMCID: PMC11286483 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1359066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic caused a significant loss of human lives and a worldwide decline in quality of life. Although our understanding of the pandemic has improved significantly since the beginning, the natural history of COVID-19 and its impacts on under-represented populations, such as Indigenous people from America, remain largely unknown. We performed a retrospective serological survey with two Brazilian Indigenous populations (n=624), Tupiniquim and Guarani-Mbyá. Samples were collected between September 2020 and July 2021: a period comprising the dissemination of SARS-CoV-2 variants and the beginning of COVID-19 vaccination in Brazil. Seroconversions against S and N antigens were assessed using three different commercially available ELISA kits. Samples were also used to assess the prevalence of tuberculosis (TB) in the same population (n=529). Seroconversion against SARS-CoV-2 antigens was considered positive if at least one of the three ELISA kits detected levels of specific antibodies above the threshold specified by the manufacturer. In this sense, we report 56.0% (n=349/623) of seroconverted individuals. Relative seroconversion peaked after introduction of the Coronavac vaccine in February 2021. Vaccination increased the production of anti-S IgG from 3.9% to 48.6%. Our results also indicated that 11.0% (n=46/417) of all individuals were positive for TB. Seroconversion to SARS-CoV-2 was similar between individuals with positive tuberculosis test results to those with negative test results. Most vaccinated individuals seroconverted to SARS-CoV-2, indicating that Coronavac may be as protective in individuals from these indigenous groups as observed in the general Brazilian population. COVID-19 severity was minimal regardless of incomplete vaccine coverage, suggesting that vaccination may not be the only factor protecting individuals from severe COVID-19. Tuberculosis is highly prevalent and not associated with increased seroconversion to SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Nagai
- Laboratory of Pathogen Manipulation, Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Department of Virology, CNPEM (Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Renan Barbosa Lemes
- Human Population Genomics Laboratory, Biosciences Institute, Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Geraldo Mill
- Health Sciences Center, Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Costa Pereira
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Cardiology, Instituto do Coração, Hospital das Clínicas, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Rafael Elias Marques
- Laboratory of Pathogen Manipulation, Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Department of Virology, CNPEM (Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Tábita Hünemeier
- Human Population Genomics Laboratory, Biosciences Institute, Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Population Genetics, Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC/Universitat Pompeu Fabra), Barcelona, Spain
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30
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Kumar Sachan RS, Choudhary A, Devgon I, Karnwal A, Al-Tawaha ARMS, Malik T. Bibliometric analysis on CRISPR/Cas: a potential Sherlock Holmes for disease detection. Front Mol Biosci 2024; 11:1383268. [PMID: 39055984 PMCID: PMC11269658 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2024.1383268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
CRISPR has revolutionized illness detection by using precision gene editing to identify specific sequences in recent years. Using the Scopus database, this study performs a comprehensive bibliometric analysis, looking at academic papers on CRISPR that were published between 1992 and 2023. After screening a dataset of 1407 articles using Zotero, trends in annual publishing, citation patterns, author affiliations, and keyword co-occurrence are revealed using analysis tools such as VOSviewer, RStudio, and MS Excel. According to the report, there was only one CRISPR publication in 1992. By 2017, there were a meager 64 papers. Nonetheless, there is a notable upsurge between 2018 and 2023. Leading nations involved in CRISPR-based illness detection research include Germany, the United States, China, India, and the United Kingdom. Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing University Medical University, and Chongqing University Bioengineering College are a few of the top institutions. With the greatest publication numbers (1688 and 1616) and strong total link strengths (TLS) of 42 and 77, respectively, authors Liu, C., and Li, Y., stand out. The field with the greatest citation counts as of 2023 is Broughton's 2020 study on CRISPR-based SARS-CoV-2 detection in Nature Biotechnology, with 1598 citations. Biosensors and Bioelectronics comprise 14.99% of papers. Researchers, decision-makers, and interested parties can use this thorough summary to help them make well-informed decisions about future CRISPR-based disease detection studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adarsh Choudhary
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India
| | - Inderpal Devgon
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India
| | - Arun Karnwal
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India
| | | | - Tabarak Malik
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
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Athapaththu DV, Ambagaspitiya TD, Chamberlain A, Demase D, Harasin E, Hicks R, McIntosh D, Minute G, Petzold S, Tefft L, Chen J. Physical Chemistry Lab for Data Analysis of COVID-19 Spreading Kinetics in Different Countries. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL EDUCATION 2024; 101:2892-2898. [PMID: 39081459 PMCID: PMC11286257 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jchemed.4c00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has passed. It gives us a real-world example of kinetic data analysis practice for our undergraduate physical chemistry laboratory class. It is a great example to connect this seemingly very different problem to the kinetic theories for chemical reactions that the students have learned in the lecture class. At the beginning of the spring 2023 semester, we obtained COVID-19 kinetic data from the "Our World in Data" database, which summarizes the World Health Organization (WHO) data reported from different countries. We analyzed the effective spreading kinetics based on the susceptible-infectious-recovered-vaccinated (SIR-V) model. We then compared the effective rate constants represented by the real-time reproduction numbers (R t ) underlining the reported data for these countries and discussed the results and the limitations of the model with the students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepani V. Athapaththu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Nanoscale & Quantum Phenomena Institute, Ohio University, Athens Ohio 45701
| | - Tharushi D Ambagaspitiya
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Nanoscale & Quantum Phenomena Institute, Ohio University, Athens Ohio 45701
| | - Andrew Chamberlain
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Nanoscale & Quantum Phenomena Institute, Ohio University, Athens Ohio 45701
| | - Darrion Demase
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Nanoscale & Quantum Phenomena Institute, Ohio University, Athens Ohio 45701
| | - Emily Harasin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Nanoscale & Quantum Phenomena Institute, Ohio University, Athens Ohio 45701
| | - Robby Hicks
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Nanoscale & Quantum Phenomena Institute, Ohio University, Athens Ohio 45701
| | - David McIntosh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Nanoscale & Quantum Phenomena Institute, Ohio University, Athens Ohio 45701
| | - Gwen Minute
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Nanoscale & Quantum Phenomena Institute, Ohio University, Athens Ohio 45701
| | - Sarah Petzold
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Nanoscale & Quantum Phenomena Institute, Ohio University, Athens Ohio 45701
| | - Lauren Tefft
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Nanoscale & Quantum Phenomena Institute, Ohio University, Athens Ohio 45701
| | - Jixin Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Nanoscale & Quantum Phenomena Institute, Ohio University, Athens Ohio 45701
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32
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Ghayen MM, Faghihi M, Ezati E, Khosravi Y, Almasi A, Farshad AA, Hassanzadeh-Rangi N, Shirzadi S. Learning from an experience, challenges and approaches in the workplace during COVID-19 pandemic: a content analysis of international documents. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1828. [PMID: 38982432 PMCID: PMC11232154 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-19251-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aims to investigate international measures for pandemic control in the workplace based on guidelines from international organizations to learn from their experiences. METHODS We conducted a qualitative study using content analysis. The search method involved reviewing published guidelines on preventing and responding to the COVID-19 pandemic in workplaces. After the screening process, ten guidelines were included in the content analysis. During the analysis, 200 meaning codes, 49 subcategories, and eleven categories were identified. Trustworthiness criteria were utilized to ensure the accuracy and strength of the findings. RESULTS Eleven categories of international content during the COVID-19 pandemic were legal requirements and duties of employees and employers, structural and program changes, risk assessment, risk communication, information and training, internal and external consultation and cooperation, provision of facilities and tools for workplace hygiene, special conditions, special groups, closing and reopening workplaces, reducing contact and exposure and mental health. CONCLUSIONS Protecting employees during a pandemic requires a multifaceted approach and strong advocacy. The operational plan for pandemic control should be developed based on the level of risk, with support tailored to employees' conditions and needs. Cooperation among international organizations is essential to develop a standardized plan and issue comprehensive guidelines in response to health emergencies with a global perspective and local implementation, drawing from the lessons learned during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mitra Faghihi
- Occupational Health Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elahe Ezati
- Department of Public Health, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Asadabad Faculty of Medical Sciences, Asadabad, Iran
| | - Yahya Khosravi
- Department of Occupational Health and Safety Engineering, School of Health, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.
| | - Ali Almasi
- Social Development & Health Promotion Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Ali Asghar Farshad
- Occupational Health Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Narmin Hassanzadeh-Rangi
- Department of Occupational Health and Safety Engineering, School of Health, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.
- Research Center for Health, Safety, and Environment, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.
| | - Shayesteh Shirzadi
- Healthy Ageing Research Centre, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran.
- Department of Public Health , Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran.
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Morís DI, Moura JD, Novo J, Ortega M. Adapted generative latent diffusion models for accurate pathological analysis in chest X-ray images. Med Biol Eng Comput 2024; 62:2189-2212. [PMID: 38499946 PMCID: PMC11190015 DOI: 10.1007/s11517-024-03056-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Respiratory diseases have a significant global impact, and assessing these conditions is crucial for improving patient outcomes. Chest X-ray is widely used for diagnosis, but expert evaluation can be challenging. Automatic computer-aided diagnosis methods can provide support for clinicians in these tasks. Deep learning has emerged as a set of algorithms with exceptional potential in such tasks. However, these algorithms require a vast amount of data, often scarce in medical imaging domains. In this work, a new data augmentation methodology based on adapted generative latent diffusion models is proposed to improve the performance of an automatic pathological screening in two high-impact scenarios: tuberculosis and lung nodules. The methodology is evaluated using three publicly available datasets, representative of real-world settings. An ablation study obtained the highest-performing image generation model configuration regarding the number of training steps. The results demonstrate that the novel set of generated images can improve the performance of the screening of these two highly relevant pathologies, obtaining an accuracy of 97.09%, 92.14% in each dataset of tuberculosis screening, respectively, and 82.19% in lung nodules. The proposal notably improves on previous image generation methods for data augmentation, highlighting the importance of the contribution in these critical public health challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel I Morís
- Centro de Investigación CITIC, Universidade da Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
- Grupo VARPA, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Universidade da Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Joaquim de Moura
- Centro de Investigación CITIC, Universidade da Coruña, A Coruña, Spain.
- Grupo VARPA, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Universidade da Coruña, A Coruña, Spain.
| | - Jorge Novo
- Centro de Investigación CITIC, Universidade da Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
- Grupo VARPA, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Universidade da Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Marcos Ortega
- Centro de Investigación CITIC, Universidade da Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
- Grupo VARPA, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Universidade da Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
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Palomino TV, Muddiman DC. Mass spectrometry imaging of N-linked glycans: Fundamentals and recent advances. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2024. [PMID: 38934211 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
With implications in several medical conditions, N-linked glycosylation is one of the most important posttranslation modifications present in all living organisms. Due to their nontemplate synthesis, glycan structures are extraordinarily complex and require multiple analytical techniques for complete structural elucidation. Mass spectrometry is the most common way to investigate N-linked glycans; however, with techniques such as liquid-chromatography mass spectrometry, there is complete loss of spatial information. Mass spectrometry imaging is a transformative analytical technique that can visualize the spatial distribution of ions within a biological sample and has been shown to be a powerful tool to investigate N-linked glycosylation. This review covers the fundamentals of mass spectrometry imaging and N-linked glycosylation and highlights important findings of recent key studies aimed at expanding and improving the glycomics imaging field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tana V Palomino
- FTMS Laboratory for Human Health Research, Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - David C Muddiman
- FTMS Laboratory for Human Health Research, Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
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35
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Hao X, Yuan F, Yao X. Advances in virus-like particle-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1406091. [PMID: 38988812 PMCID: PMC11233461 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1406091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has incurred devastating human and economic losses. Vaccination remains the most effective approach for controlling the COVID-19 pandemic. Nonetheless, the sustained evolution of SARS-CoV-2 variants has provoked concerns among the scientific community regarding the development of next-generation COVID-19 vaccines. Among these, given their safety, immunogenicity, and flexibility to display varied and native epitopes, virus-like particle (VLP)-based vaccines represent one of the most promising next-generation vaccines. In this review, we summarize the advantages and characteristics of VLP platforms, strategies for antigen display, and current clinical trial progress of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines based on VLP platforms. Importantly, the experience and lessons learned from the development of SARS-CoV-2 VLP vaccines provide insights into the development of strategies based on VLP vaccines to prevent future coronavirus pandemics and other epidemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Hao
- Department of Teaching Administration, Xiangyang No.1 People’s Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, China
| | - Feifei Yuan
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Xiangyang No.1 People’s Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, China
| | - Xuan Yao
- Department of Neurology, Xiangyang No.1 People’s Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, China
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36
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Lee S, Jin TJ, Lee D, Jin IK. Effectiveness of Computer-Mediated Educational Counseling for Tinnitus Relief: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Brain Sci 2024; 14:629. [PMID: 39061370 PMCID: PMC11275201 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14070629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Counseling can help alleviate tinnitus-caused emotional distress and correct misconceptions, making it an effective rehabilitation option for people with tinnitus. Advances in communication technology have increased the demand for computer-mediated tinnitus counseling; however, the effectiveness of such counseling in reducing tinnitus is unclear. Thus, this study aimed to determine the tinnitus-relieving effects of computer-mediated counseling. Thirty-six participants with tinnitus were randomly assigned to online counseling (15 participants) or video-based counseling (21 participants) groups, defining how remote counseling was conducted. Tinnitus counseling, comprising 100 items, lasted 2 weeks and was separated into six sessions for the online counseling group and 8-9 items daily for 12 days for the video-based counseling group. The effectiveness of counseling was determined based on score changes between baseline and 2-week follow-up using the Korean version of the Tinnitus Primary Function Questionnaire and Visual Analog Scales for annoyance and loudness. While no significant improvements were observed in other domains, average emotional aspect-related scores showed significant improvements in both groups. Regarding individual results, four and seven participants in the online and video-based counseling groups reported significant improvements in the emotional domain, respectively. Overall, computer-mediated educational counseling might be a rehabilitation option for individuals with tinnitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumin Lee
- Department of Speech Pathology and Audiology, Graduate School, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea; (S.L.); (T.-J.J.); (D.L.)
| | - Tae-Jun Jin
- Department of Speech Pathology and Audiology, Graduate School, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea; (S.L.); (T.-J.J.); (D.L.)
| | - Donghyeok Lee
- Department of Speech Pathology and Audiology, Graduate School, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea; (S.L.); (T.-J.J.); (D.L.)
| | - In-Ki Jin
- Division of Speech Pathology and Audiology, Research Institute of Audiology and Speech Pathology, College of Natural Sciences, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
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Mayer TR, Borders SE, Schwartz TE, Gehring KB, Griffin DB, Kerth CR, Belk KE, Scanga JA, Nair MN, Pfeiffer MM, Mafi GG, Harr KM, Lawrence TE, Tennant TC, Lucherk LW, O'Quinn TG, Beyer ES, Bass PD, Garcia LG, Bohrer BM, Pempek JA, Garmyn AJ, Maddock RJ, Carr CC, Pringle TD, Scheffler TL, Scheffler JM, Stelzleni AM, Gonzalez JM, Underwood KR, Harsh BN, Waters CM, Savell JW. National Beef Quality Audit-2022: in-plant assessments of quality and yield determining carcass characteristics of fed steers and heifers. Transl Anim Sci 2024; 8:txae098. [PMID: 39005630 PMCID: PMC11245687 DOI: 10.1093/tas/txae098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The National Beef Quality Audit - 2022 serves as a benchmark of the current fed steer and heifer population of the U.S. beef industry and allows comparison to previous audits as a method of monitoring industry progress. In-plant cooler assessments and collections of beef carcass data took place from July 2021 to November 2022. During in-plant evaluations, 10% of 1-d production was surveyed for quality and yield indicating characteristics of fed beef carcasses (n = 9,746 beef carcasses). Distributions of sex classes among sampled carcasses were steer (65.0%) and heifer (35.0%), whereas distributions of breed type were native (87.7%), dairy (11.3%), and Bos indicus (0.9%). Mean values were observed for USDA Yield Grades (YG; 3.3), USDA Quality Grade (QG; Choice16), marbling score (Small98), ribeye area (91.0 cm2), adjusted fat thickness (1.49 cm), hot carcass weight (401.9 kg), and KPH (2.5%). Mean overall maturity was A66, with a mean lean maturity of A56 and mean skeletal maturity of A72. There were 28.1% of carcasses identified for use in a USDA-certified beef G-Schedule Program. Defects, such as dark cutting and blood splash, were observed at 1.8% and 0.5%, respectively. Distributions of USDA YG were YG 1 (8.2%), YG 2 (30.7%), YG 3 (40.2%), YG 4 (16.6%), and YG 5 (4.3%). USDA QGs were observed at 7.5% Prime, 69.2% Choice, 16.4% Select, and 6.8% other. The results of this study provide an updated look at the current grading trends of beef carcasses in the United States to drive progress in the fed beef industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thachary R Mayer
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M AgriLife Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-2471, USA
| | - Sydni E Borders
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M AgriLife Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-2471, USA
| | - Trent E Schwartz
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M AgriLife Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-2471, USA
| | - Kerri B Gehring
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M AgriLife Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-2471, USA
| | - Davey B Griffin
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M AgriLife Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-2471, USA
| | - Christopher R Kerth
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M AgriLife Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-2471, USA
| | - Keith E Belk
- Department of Animal Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1171, USA
| | - John A Scanga
- Department of Animal Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1171, USA
| | - Mahesh N Nair
- Department of Animal Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1171, USA
| | - Morgan M Pfeiffer
- Department of Animal Science, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Gretchen G Mafi
- Department of Animal Science, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Keayla M Harr
- Department of Animal Science, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Ty E Lawrence
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, West Texas A&M University, Canyon, TX 79016, USA
| | - Travis C Tennant
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, West Texas A&M University, Canyon, TX 79016, USA
| | - Loni W Lucherk
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, West Texas A&M University, Canyon, TX 79016, USA
| | - Travis G O'Quinn
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Erin S Beyer
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Phil D Bass
- Department of Animal, Veterinary and Food Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844-2330, USA
| | - Lyda G Garcia
- Department of Animal Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Benjamin M Bohrer
- Department of Animal Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Jessica A Pempek
- Department of Animal Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Andrea J Garmyn
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Robert J Maddock
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108-6050, USA
| | - C Chad Carr
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-0910, USA
| | - T Dean Pringle
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-0910, USA
| | - Tracy L Scheffler
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-0910, USA
| | - Jason M Scheffler
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-0910, USA
| | | | - John M Gonzalez
- Animal & Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602-6755, USA
| | - Keith R Underwood
- Department of Animal Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA
| | - Bailey N Harsh
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana - Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Crystal M Waters
- College of Agriculture, California State University, Chico, Chico, CA 95929, USA
| | - Jeffrey W Savell
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M AgriLife Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-2471, USA
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Ghach W, Takshe AA, Rababa M, Al-Rawashdeh S, Alwan N. Evaluation of awareness and performance towards COVID-related disinfectant use: a comparative study between Jordan and United Arab Emirates. BMC Infect Dis 2024; 24:563. [PMID: 38840257 PMCID: PMC11155124 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-024-09447-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The World Health Organization recommended the use of chemical-based disinfectants as an effective prevention of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, calls for poisoning were reported in several medical centers. The widespread use of chemical-based disinfectants as a preventive measure during the COVID-19 pandemic has underscored potential gaps in community awareness and performance, posing health risks. This study evaluates and compares levels of awareness and performance regarding the safe use of disinfectants in Jordan and UAE. METHODS The study was conducted between October 2022 and June 2023 via an online questionnaire. Data of respondents from Jordan (n = 828) and UAE (n = 619) were analyzed using SPSS. ANOVA, Mann-Whitney, and Kruskal-Wallis tests evaluated significant differences in awareness and performance levels across different demographic groups in Jordan/UAE and between them. Spearman's correlation test examined the correlation between awareness and performance among respondents. Multinomial logistic regression analysis explored associations between various variables and awareness/performance levels within each population. RESULTS Findings reveal weak awareness (72.4% and 9.03% in UAE and Jordan, respectively) and moderate performance level (98.8% in UAE and Jordan), with a weak correlation (UAE, rho = 0.093; Jordan, rho = 0.164) observed between the two countries (P < 0.05). Multinomial logistic regression analysis indicates gender-related associations with awareness levels and education-related associations with performance levels. CONCLUSIONS The study emphasizes the urgent need for awareness campaigns and workshops to promote safer disinfectant practices to develop effective interventions aligning with sustainable development goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wissam Ghach
- Department of Public Health, Canadian University Dubai, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Aseel A Takshe
- Department of Public Health, Canadian University Dubai, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohammad Rababa
- Faculty of Nursing, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Sami Al-Rawashdeh
- Department of Community and Mental Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, The Hashemite University, P.O. Box 330127, Zarqa, 13133, Jordan
| | - Nisreen Alwan
- College of Health Sciences, Abu Dhabi University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
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Kang H, Choi Y, Kim H, Kim H, Jeong H. Sambou Bamboo salt™ down-regulates the expression levels of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 in activated human mast cells. Food Sci Biotechnol 2024; 33:1697-1705. [PMID: 38623440 PMCID: PMC11016022 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-023-01438-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Mast cells have a detrimental impact on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Sambou Bamboo salt™ (BS) suppresses mast cell-mediated inflammatory response and enhances immunity. In this study, we investigated the regulatory effects of BS on expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and transmembrane protease/serine subfamily member 2 (TMPRSS2) in human mast cell line (HMC)-1 cells. BS resulted in significant reductions in expression levels of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 in activated HMC-1 cells. Levels of tryptase were reduced by BS. In addition, BS blocked activation of activator protein 1 (AP-1), c-Jun NH2-terminal kinases (JNK), p38, and phosphatidylinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) in activated HMC-1 cells. Therefore, these results show that BS reduces levels of ACE2, TMPRSS2, and tryptase by inhibiting AP-1/JNK/p38/PI3K signaling pathways in mast cells. These findings can serve as valuable foundational data for the development of therapeutic agents aimed at preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho‑Geun Kang
- Department of Bio-Convergence System, Graduate School, Hoseo University, 20 Hoseo-Ro, 79 Beon-Gil, Baebang-Eup, Asan, 31499 Republic of Korea
| | - Yu‑Jin Choi
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Hoseo University, 20 Hoseo-Ro, 79 Beon-Gil, Baebang-Eup, Asan, 31499 Republic of Korea
| | - Hee‑Yun Kim
- BioChip Research Center, Hoseo University, 20 Hoseo-Ro, 79 Beon-Gil, Baebang-Eup, Asan, 31499 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung‑Min Kim
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447 Korea
| | - Hyun‑Ja Jeong
- Department of Bio-Convergence System, Graduate School, Hoseo University, 20 Hoseo-Ro, 79 Beon-Gil, Baebang-Eup, Asan, 31499 Republic of Korea
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Hoseo University, 20 Hoseo-Ro, 79 Beon-Gil, Baebang-Eup, Asan, 31499 Republic of Korea
- BioChip Research Center, Hoseo University, 20 Hoseo-Ro, 79 Beon-Gil, Baebang-Eup, Asan, 31499 Republic of Korea
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Zarepoor M, Nazari A, Pourmasumi S. Impact of vitamin D supplementation as COVID-19 vaccine adjuvant on sperm parameters and sex hormones in men with idiopathic infertility: Two separate pre-post studies. Clin Exp Reprod Med 2024; 51:125-134. [PMID: 38263587 PMCID: PMC11140254 DOI: 10.5653/cerm.2023.06464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Vitamin D deficiency is a major problem for human health worldwide. The mechanisms of vitamin D in the male reproductive system are unknown. After coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines were developed, doubts were raised about their possible effects on male fertility. Based on vitamin D's function in the immune system, its potential role as an adjuvant for COVID-19 vaccines is intriguing. The aims of this study were to assess the effects of vitamin D first on sperm parameters and sex hormones, and then as an immune adjuvant on sperm parameters and sex hormones after study participants had received their second doses of COVID-19 vaccines. METHODS Phase 1 (before the COVID-19 pandemic) included 72 men with idiopathic infertility, and phase 2 had 64 participants who received two doses of COVID-19 vaccines. Both groups were instructed to take 50,000 IU of vitamin D twice monthly for 3 months. Sperm parameters and sex hormones were assessed pre- and post-supplementation. RESULTS Regular vitamin D intake for 3 months significantly increased the participants' vitamin D levels (p=0.0001). Both phases showed a positive correlation between vitamin D intake and sperm parameters. Vaccination had no negative effects on sperm parameters and sex hormones. Vitamin D was associated with follicle-stimulating hormone (p=0.02) and testosterone (p=0.0001) in phase 2 after treatment. CONCLUSION Our results support vitamin D supplementation as an immune adjunct to COVID-19 vaccination for improving sperm parameters and hormone levels. COVID-19 vaccination is not harmful for male fertility potential, and vitamin D is an effective factor for male fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahtab Zarepoor
- Clinical Research Development Unit (CRDU), Ali-Ibn Abi-Talib Hospital, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Alireza Nazari
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Soheila Pourmasumi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
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Oleribe OO, Taylor-Robinson SD, Taylor-Robinson AW. COVID-19 post-pandemic reflections from sub-Saharan Africa: what we know now that we wish we knew then. PUBLIC HEALTH IN PRACTICE 2024; 7:100486. [PMID: 38495538 PMCID: PMC10943955 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhip.2024.100486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The commonly heard aphorism about history repeating itself suggests an endless cycle of recurring events. However, George Santayana offered a similar sentiment when he said, "Those who do not learn from history are doomed to repeat it". This emphasises that the responsibility for the recurrence of events lies not with history itself, but with humanity. It underscores that if we desire change, it is our responsibility to initiate it, rather than attributing it to external forces such as fate, luck, or time. With this thought in mind, here we offer a narrative view from sub-Saharan Africa, focusing primarily on our own experiences in Nigeria and Uganda, on what harsh lessons can be learnt from the COVID-19 pandemic regarding emergency preparedness to respond effectively to the next major infectious disease outbreak. Four strategies are suggested, the implementation of which may contribute substantially to safeguarding against an experience similar to the catastrophic public health, social and economic costs borne by African nations during COVID-19 and in its immediate aftermath.
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Affiliation(s)
- Obinna O. Oleribe
- Nigerian Institute for Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria
- Best Health Consult Limited Liability Company, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Simon D. Taylor-Robinson
- Department of Medicine, Busitema University, Mbale, Uganda
- Department of Public Health, Busitema University, Mbale, Uganda
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, St Mary's Hospital Campus, London, UK
| | - Andrew W. Taylor-Robinson
- College of Health Sciences, VinUniversity, Hanoi, Viet Nam
- Center for Global Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Leung CCD, Chan HCC, Chan MC, Chan YH, Ho MY, Chen CH, Ngai CM, Yeung YC. Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease following SARS-CoV-2 infection: A rare disease with increased incidence during the COVID-19 pandemic? Respirol Case Rep 2024; 12:e01414. [PMID: 38903947 PMCID: PMC11187840 DOI: 10.1002/rcr2.1414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Kikuchi-Fujimoto Disease (KFD), also known as Kikuchi disease or Kikuchi histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis, is a rare and self-limiting condition characterized by cervical lymphadenopathy and fever, primarily affecting young Asian adults. The aetiology of KFD remains unknown, although various infectious agents have been suggested as potential triggers. With the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic, cases of post-COVID-19 KFD and post-COVID-19 vaccine KFD have been reported. In this article, we present the first case of post-COVID-19 KFD in Hong Kong. A 24-year-old man developed fever and painful neck swelling 1 month after recovering from COVID-19. Diagnostic evaluation, including ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC), confirmed the diagnosis of KFD. The patient's symptoms resolved spontaneously with supportive care. This case underscores the importance of considering KFD as a potential differential diagnosis in patients presenting with cervical lymphadenopathy and fever following COVID-19 recovery or vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ming Chiu Chan
- Department of Medicine and GeriatricsPrincess Margaret HospitalHong Kong
| | - Yu Hong Chan
- Department of Medicine and GeriatricsPrincess Margaret HospitalHong Kong
| | - Man Ying Ho
- Department of Medicine and GeriatricsPrincess Margaret HospitalHong Kong
| | - Chun Hoi Chen
- Department of Medicine and GeriatricsPrincess Margaret HospitalHong Kong
| | - Ching Man Ngai
- Department of Medicine and GeriatricsPrincess Margaret HospitalHong Kong
| | - Yiu Cheong Yeung
- Department of Medicine and GeriatricsPrincess Margaret HospitalHong Kong
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Li J, Miller LC, Sang Y. Current Status of Vaccines for Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome: Interferon Response, Immunological Overview, and Future Prospects. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:606. [PMID: 38932335 PMCID: PMC11209547 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12060606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) remains a formidable challenge for the global pig industry. Caused by PRRS virus (PRRSV), this disease primarily affects porcine reproductive and respiratory systems, undermining effective host interferon and other immune responses, resulting in vaccine ineffectiveness. In the absence of specific antiviral treatments for PRRSV, vaccines play a crucial role in managing the disease. The current market features a range of vaccine technologies, including live, inactivated, subunit, DNA, and vector vaccines, but only modified live virus (MLV) and killed virus (KV) vaccines are commercially available for PRRS control. Live vaccines are promoted for their enhanced protective effectiveness, although their ability to provide cross-protection is modest. On the other hand, inactivated vaccines are emphasized for their safety profile but are limited in their protective efficacy. This review updates the current knowledge on PRRS vaccines' interactions with the host interferon system, and other immunological aspects, to assess their current status and evaluate advents in PRRSV vaccine development. It presents the strengths and weaknesses of both live attenuated and inactivated vaccines in the prevention and management of PRRS, aiming to inspire the development of innovative strategies and technologies for the next generation of PRRS vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiuyi Li
- Department of Food and Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, Tennessee State University, 3500 John A Merritt Blvd, Nashville, TN 37209, USA;
| | - Laura C. Miller
- Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, 1800 Denison Ave, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA;
| | - Yongming Sang
- Department of Food and Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, Tennessee State University, 3500 John A Merritt Blvd, Nashville, TN 37209, USA;
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Gómez García AM, García-Rico E. Influence of Healthcare Delivery Type on Patients' Mental Health: Is Hospitalization Always a Stressful Factor? Can Allostatic Load Help Assess a Patient's Psychological Disorders? Clin Pract 2024; 14:995-1009. [PMID: 38921257 PMCID: PMC11202436 DOI: 10.3390/clinpract14030079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychological distress is a predictor of future health and disease data, with consequent implications for both the patient and the healthcare system. Taking advantage of the unprecedented situation caused by the COVID-19 pandemic we aimed to assess whether the type of medical care received by patients during the initial months of the pandemic influenced their evolution, particularly at the psychological level. Additionally, we investigated whether allostatic load was associated not only with physical but also psychological alterations. METHODS All the patients diagnosed with COVID-19 infection at HM Madrid Hospital during the month of March 2020 were studied, both those hospitalized (110) and those treated on an outpatient basis (46). They were psychologically evaluated using the Profile of Mood States (POMS) test. We calculated the allostatic load using different laboratory parameters. RESULTS Outpatient patients had significantly higher scores than hospitalized ones in Tension-Anxiety (52 ± 19.3 vs. 38 ± 4.3; p < 0.001). So, 36.9% of the outpatient patients exhibited anxiety. Allostatic load has not been correlated with patients' psychological alterations. CONCLUSIONS Psychological distress of outpatient patients should be taken into account in their management to improve mental health planning. This knowledge could provide comprehensive care to patients including their mental health, in the face of subsequent epidemics/pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana María Gómez García
- Internal Medicine Unit, Hospital Universitario HM Madrid, 28015 Madrid, Spain
- Facultad HM de Ciencias de la Salud de la Universidad Camilo José Cela, 28010 Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo García-Rico
- Facultad HM de Ciencias de la Salud de la Universidad Camilo José Cela, 28010 Madrid, Spain
- Medical Oncology Unit, Hospital Universitario HM Torrelodones, 28250 Madrid, Spain
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45
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Galarza CRC, Sánchez OND, Pimentel JS, Bulhões R, López-Gonzales JL, Rodrigues PC. Bayesian Spatio-Temporal Modeling of the Dynamics of COVID-19 Deaths in Peru. ENTROPY (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 26:474. [PMID: 38920483 PMCID: PMC11202420 DOI: 10.3390/e26060474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Amid the COVID-19 pandemic, understanding the spatial and temporal dynamics of the disease is crucial for effective public health interventions. This study aims to analyze COVID-19 data in Peru using a Bayesian spatio-temporal generalized linear model to elucidate mortality patterns and assess the impact of vaccination efforts. Leveraging data from 194 provinces over 651 days, our analysis reveals heterogeneous spatial and temporal patterns in COVID-19 mortality rates. Higher vaccination coverage is associated with reduced mortality rates, emphasizing the importance of vaccination in mitigating the pandemic's impact. The findings underscore the value of spatio-temporal data analysis in understanding disease dynamics and guiding targeted public health interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- César Raúl Castro Galarza
- Escuela de Posgrado, Universidad Peruana Unión, Lima 15468, Peru; (C.R.C.G.); (O.N.D.S.); (J.L.L.-G.)
| | | | - Jonatha Sousa Pimentel
- Department of Statistics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 50740-540, PE, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Bulhões
- Department of Statistics, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40170-110, BA, Brazil; (R.B.); (P.C.R.)
| | | | - Paulo Canas Rodrigues
- Department of Statistics, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40170-110, BA, Brazil; (R.B.); (P.C.R.)
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Li M, Castro Lingl S, Yang J. Reduction of hemagglutination induced by a SARS-CoV-2 spike protein fragment using an amyloid-binding benzothiazole amphiphile. Sci Rep 2024; 14:12317. [PMID: 38811619 PMCID: PMC11137076 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59585-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 infection is associated with a variety of vascular occlusive morbidities. However, a comprehensive understanding of how this virus can induce vascular complications remains lacking. Here, we show that a peptide fragment of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, S192 (sequence 192-211), is capable of forming amyloid-like aggregates that can induce agglutination of red blood cells, which was not observed with low- and non-aggregated S192 peptide. We subsequently screened eight amyloid-binding molecules and identified BAM1-EG6, a benzothiazole amphiphile, as a promising candidate capable of binding to aggregated S192 and partially inhibiting its agglutination activity. These results provide new insight into a potential molecular mechanism for the capability of spike protein metabolites to contribute to COVID-19-related blood complications and suggest a new therapeutic approach for combating microvascular morbidities in COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meihan Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, 92093-0358, USA
| | - Sascha Castro Lingl
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, 92093-0358, USA
| | - Jerry Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, 92093-0358, USA.
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47
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Liu Q, Lin D. The impact of distance education on the socialization of college students in the Covid-19 era: problems in communication and impact on mental health. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2024; 24:575. [PMID: 38789971 PMCID: PMC11127413 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-024-05551-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The problems of students' social interaction and psychological well-being associated with online learning dependent on self-directed learning have become an important topic of research in recent years worldwide due to the COVID-19 pandemic, affecting their Social Emotional Learning. This paper aimed to compare the students' loneliness, social anxiety, social interaction, and general psychological well-being at different stages of online learning (at the beginning and the height of the pandemic), considering their criteria (presence/absence of a job and own family). METHODS For this, the researchers conducted an electronic survey of students (n = 320) twice, in February and May 2020, using four questionnaires: UCLA loneliness scale-3, Social Anxiety Scale for E-Learning Environments, Social Interaction Scale, and Brief Adjustment Scale. The responses at different stages of online learning were compared using Student's t-test. Differences between employed and unemployed students with or without their own families were determined using the analysis of variance (ANOVA). RESULTS The findings showed that unemployed students without their families suffered the most from loneliness. Social interaction online was rated higher by students with their own families; psychological well-being at the beginning of the distance period and social anxiety at the height of the distance period were higher among unemployed students. CONCLUSIONS This research can become a theoretical basis for a phase-by-phase study of social predictors for the psychological well-being of higher education students and is of practical value for teachers and administrators of online learning aimed at students' socialization. In addition, it provides education officials with information about how students perceive psychological well-being, anxiety, social interaction, and loneliness during distance learning, which can help officials direct their decisions and reforms to improve interaction in the online environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxia Liu
- Mental Health Education Counseling Center, Student Affairs Office, Anhui Sanlian University, Hefei, China.
| | - Douxiu Lin
- Department of Education, School of Culture and Media, Anhui Xinhua University, Hefei, China
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48
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Antonelli M, Donelli D. Evaluating qigong as integrative support for COVID-19 and Long-COVID-19 rehabilitation: a systematic review. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1403130. [PMID: 38807958 PMCID: PMC11130475 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1403130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Amidst the ongoing global impact of COVID-19 on public health, there is an increasing focus on holistic strategies encompassing integrative therapies and rehabilitation techniques, particularly in addressing the challenges posed by Long-COVID-19. This review investigates the potential of Qigong, an ancient Chinese practice characterized by gentle movements, controlled breathing, and meditative elements, within the context of COVID-19. Methods A systematic search of PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar was conducted to identify pertinent clinical studies. Results Following thorough database scrutiny, nine studies were identified as meeting the eligibility criteria. Across the spectrum of COVID-19 severity, individuals engaging in qigong practice exhibited notable enhancements in both physical and psychological wellbeing, evidenced by ameliorated respiratory symptoms, reduced anxiety levels, enhanced sleep quality, bolstered mental wellbeing, and augmented health-related quality of life. Moreover, qigong training, whether employed independently or in conjunction with other therapies, demonstrated beneficial effects on Long-COVID-19 symptoms, encompassing persistent respiratory issues, dizziness, sleep disturbances, and compromised health-related quality of life. Discussion This review underscores the necessity for further investigation to quantify and standardize the contribution of Qigong to COVID-19 recovery and rehabilitation. Such endeavors aim to integrate this accessible and low-impact practice into public health strategies and comprehensive treatment regimens. Systematic review registration The review protocol was registered in the Open Science Framework under the following doi: 10.17605/OSF.IO/7K5X6 (URL: https://osf.io/7k5x6).
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Antonelli
- Department of Public Health, Azienda Unitá Sanitaria Locale – Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico of Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Davide Donelli
- Cardiology Unit, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
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Bishop S, Laingoen O. From the bar to the cowshed: the impact of COVID-19 on female sex workers in Pattaya, Thailand. CULTURE, HEALTH & SEXUALITY 2024:1-13. [PMID: 38739478 DOI: 10.1080/13691058.2024.2341846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic had a devastating impact on the health and wellbeing of populations around the world, with vulnerable groups, including sex workers, being disproportionately affected. This study explored the effects of COVID-19 lockdown restrictions on the lives of female sex workers in Pattaya, Thailand. In-depth interviews with ten women were used to explore the ways in which they sought to cope during the crisis using Lazarus and Folkman's transactional model of stress and coping. Findings suggest that those who could, tended to seek economic shelter with their parents in rural parts of the country during the pandemic. However, those who could not relocate to be with family were forced to try to eke out a living in other ways, which could be both challenging and dangerous. None reported receiving any financial support from national or local authorities, to whom they were invisible, and this placed tremendous pressure on both them and their families. The authors conclude that the pandemic further highlights the need for the Thai Government to accept the reality of sex work and seek to both legitimise and protect vulnerable women and their labour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Bishop
- School of Medicine, Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford, UK
| | - Onn Laingoen
- School of Health Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
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Khan TU, Ullah I, Hu Y, Liang J, Ahmad S, Omifolaji JK, Hu H. Assessment of Suitable Habitat of the Demoiselle Crane ( Anthropoides virgo) in the Wake of Climate Change: A Study of Its Wintering Refugees in Pakistan. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1453. [PMID: 38791670 PMCID: PMC11117222 DOI: 10.3390/ani14101453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The inevitable impacts of climate change have reverberated across ecosystems and caused substantial global biodiversity loss. Climate-induced habitat loss has contributed to range shifts at both species and community levels. Given the importance of identifying suitable habitats for at-risk species, it is imperative to assess potential current and future distributions, and to understand influential environmental factors. Like many species, the Demoiselle crane is not immune to climatic pressures. Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Balochistan provinces in Pakistan are known wintering grounds for this species. Given that Pakistan is among the top five countries facing devastating effects of climate change, this study sought to conduct species distribution modeling under climate change using data collected during 4 years of field surveys. We developed a Maximum Entropy distribution model to predict the current and projected future distribution of the species across the study area. Future habitat projections for 2050 and 2070 were carried out using two representative concentration pathways (RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5) under three global circulation models, including HADGEM2-AO, BCC-CSM1-1, and CCSM4. The most influential factors shaping Demoiselle Crane habitat suitability included the temperature seasonality, annual mean temperature, terrain ruggedness index, and human population density, all of which contributed significantly to the suitability (81.3%). The model identified 35% of the study area as moderately suitable (134,068 km2) and highly suitable (27,911 km2) habitat for the species under current climatic conditions. Under changing climate scenarios, our model predicted a major loss of the species' current suitable habitat, with shrinkage and shift towards western-central areas along the Pakistan-Afghanistan boarder. The RCP 8.5, which is the extreme climate change scenario, portrays particularly severe consequences, with habitat losses reaching 65% in 2050 and 85% in 2070. This comprehensive study provides useful insights into the Demoiselle Crane habitat's current and future dynamics in Pakistan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tauheed Ullah Khan
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510260, China (J.K.O.)
| | - Inam Ullah
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29220, Pakistan;
- College of Wildlife and Protected Areas, Northeast Forestry University, No. 26, Hexing Road, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Yiming Hu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510260, China (J.K.O.)
| | - Jianchao Liang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510260, China (J.K.O.)
| | - Shahid Ahmad
- School of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Center for Eco-Environment Restoration Engineering of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - James Kehinde Omifolaji
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510260, China (J.K.O.)
| | - Huijian Hu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510260, China (J.K.O.)
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