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Wada K, Yamaguchi T, Tanaka H, Fujisawa T. Hepatic enzyme induction and its potential effect on thyroid hormone metabolism in the metamorphosing tadpole of Xenopus laevis (African clawed frog). J Appl Toxicol 2024. [PMID: 39039701 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Hepatic enzyme induction, an inherent defense system against xenobiotics, is known to simultaneously affect endocrine system functions in mammals under specific conditions, particularly thyroid hormone (TH) regulation. While this phenomenon has been studied extensively, the pathway leading to this indirect thyroid effect in mammals has unclear applicability to amphibians, despite the importance of amphibian species in assessing thyroid-disruptive chemicals. Here, we investigated the effects of three well-known mammalian enzyme inducers-β-naphthoflavone (BNF), pregnenolone carbonitrile (PCN), and sodium phenobarbital (NaPB)-on the gene expression of phase-I and phase-II metabolizing enzymes in Xenopus laevis tadpoles. Waterborne exposure to BNF and PCN significantly induced the expression of both phase-I (cytochrome P450, CYP) and phase-II enzymes (UDP-glucuronosyltransferase, UGT and sulfotransferase, SULT), but in different patterns, while NaPB exposure induced CYP2B expression without affecting phase-II enzymes in tadpoles, in contrast to mammals. Furthermore, an ex vivo hepatic enzyme activity assay confirmed that BNF treatment significantly increased phase-II metabolic activity (glucuronidation and sulfation) toward TH. These results suggest the potential for certain mammalian enzyme inducers to influence TH clearance in X. laevis tadpoles. Our findings provide insights into the profiles of xenosensing activity and enzyme induction in amphibians, which can facilitate a better understanding of the mechanisms of indirect effects on the thyroid system via hepatic enzyme induction in nonmammalian species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Wada
- Environmental Health Science Laboratory, Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd., Takarazuka, Japan
| | - Takafumi Yamaguchi
- Environmental Health Science Laboratory, Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd., Takarazuka, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Tanaka
- Environmental Health Science Laboratory, Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd., Takarazuka, Japan
| | - Takuo Fujisawa
- Environmental Health Science Laboratory, Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd., Takarazuka, Japan
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Abstract
In recent years, the impact of prenatal sound on development, notably for programming individual phenotypes for postnatal conditions, has increasingly been revealed. However, the mechanisms through which sound affects physiology and development remain mostly unexplored. Here, I gather evidence from neurobiology, developmental biology, cellular biology and bioacoustics to identify the most plausible modes of action of sound on developing embryos. First, revealing often-unsuspected plasticity, I discuss how prenatal sound may shape auditory system development and determine individuals' later capacity to receive acoustic information. I also consider the impact of hormones, including thyroid hormones, glucocorticoids and androgen, on auditory plasticity. Second, I review what is known about sound transduction to other - non-auditory - brain regions, and its potential to input on classical developmental programming pathways. Namely, the auditory pathway has direct anatomical and functional connectivity to the hippocampus, amygdala and/or hypothalamus, in mammals, birds and anurans. Sound can thus trigger both immediate and delayed responses in these limbic regions, which are specific to the acoustic stimulus and its biological relevance. Third, beyond the brain, I briefly consider the possibility for sound to directly affect cellular functioning, based on evidence in earless organisms (e.g. plants) and cell cultures. Together, the multi-disciplinary evidence gathered here shows that the brain is wired to allow multiple physiological and developmental effects of sound. Overall, there are many unexplored, but possible, pathways for sound to impact even primitive or immature organisms. Throughout, I identify the most promising research avenues for unravelling the processes of acoustic developmental programming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mylene M Mariette
- Doñana Biological Station EBD-CSIC, 41092 Seville, Spain
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia
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3
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He Z, Ouyang Q, Chen Q, Song Y, Hu J, Hu S, He H, Li L, Liu H, Wang J. Molecular mechanisms of hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian/thyroid axis regulating age at first egg in geese. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103478. [PMID: 38295497 PMCID: PMC10844868 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Age at first egg (AFE) has consistently garnered interest as a crucial reproductive indicator within poultry production. Previous studies have elucidated the involvement of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian (HPO) and hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axes in regulating poultry sexual maturity. Concurrently, there was evidence suggesting a potential co-regulatory relationship between these 2 axes. However, as of now, no comprehensive exploration of the key pathways and genes responsible for the crosstalk between the HPO and HPT axes in the regulation of AFE has been reported. In this study, we conducted a comparative analysis of morphological differences and performed transcriptomic analysis on the hypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid, and ovarian stroma between normal laying group (NG) and abnormal laying group (AG). Morphological results showed that the thyroid index difference (D-) value (thyroid index D-value=right thyroid index-left thyroid index) was significantly (P < 0.05) lower in the NG than in the AG, while the ovarian index was significantly (P < 0.01) higher in the NG than in the AG. Furthermore, between NG and AG, we identified 99, 415, 167, and 1182 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the hypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid, and ovarian stroma, respectively. Gene ontology (GO) analysis highlighted that DEGs from 4 tissues were predominantly enriched in the "biological processes" category. Additionally, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis revealed that 16, 14, 3, and 26 KEGG pathways were significantly enriched (P < 0.05) in the hypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid, and ovarian stroma. The MAPK signaling pathway emerged as the sole enriched pathway across all 4 tissues. Employing an integrated analysis of the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and correlation analysis, we found GREB1 emerged as a pivotal component within the HPO axis to regulate estrogen-related signaling in the HPT axis, meanwhile, the HPT axis influenced ovarian development by regulating thyroid hormone-related signaling mainly through OPN5. Then, 10 potential candidate genes were identified, namely IGF1, JUN, ERBB4, KDR, PGF, FGFR1, GREB1, OPN5, DIO3, and THRB. These findings establish a foundation for elucidating the physiological and genetic mechanisms by which the HPO and HPT axes co-regulate goose AFE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyu He
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, PR China
| | - Qingyuan Ouyang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, PR China
| | - Qingliang Chen
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, PR China
| | - Yang Song
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, PR China
| | - Jiwei Hu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, PR China
| | - Shenqiang Hu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, PR China
| | - Hua He
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, PR China
| | - Liang Li
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, PR China
| | - Hehe Liu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, PR China
| | - Jiwen Wang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, PR China.
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Li L, Zhao X, Hu K, Xu W, Wang M, Wang H. Enantioselective Toxicity and Potential Endocrine-Disruptive Effects of the Insecticides Flufiprole and Ethiprole on Danio rerio. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:1509-1515. [PMID: 38190123 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c07896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Phenylpyrazole insecticides are widely used as chiral pesticides. However, the enantioselective toxicity and potential endocrine-disrupting effects of these insecticides on aquatic organisms remain unclear. Herein, the enantioselective toxicity and potential endocrine-disrupting effects of flufiprole and ethiprole were investigated by using zebrafish embryos/larvae as a model. The acute toxicity of R-flufiprole and R-ethiprole toward zebrafish embryos and larvae was 1.8-3.1-fold higher than that of the S-configuration. Additionally, R-flufiprole and R-ethiprole had a greater effect on the expression of genes related to the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad axis in zebrafish compared with the S-configuration. Nevertheless, both S-flufiprole and S-ethiprole exhibited a greater interference effect on the expression of genes related to the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis and a greater teratogenic effect on zebrafish than the R-configuration. Thus, this study demonstrates that both flufiprole and ethiprole exhibit enantioselective acute toxicity and developmental toxicity toward zebrafish. Furthermore, those pesticides potentially possess enantioselective endocrine-disrupting effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianshan Li
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Close-to-Nature Restoration Technology of Wetlands, School of Eco-Environment, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
- Institute of Xiongan New Area, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Xuejun Zhao
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Close-to-Nature Restoration Technology of Wetlands, School of Eco-Environment, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
- Institute of Xiongan New Area, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Kunming Hu
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Weiye Xu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Close-to-Nature Restoration Technology of Wetlands, School of Eco-Environment, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
- Institute of Xiongan New Area, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Minghua Wang
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Hongjie Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Close-to-Nature Restoration Technology of Wetlands, School of Eco-Environment, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
- Institute of Xiongan New Area, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
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5
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Katarzyńska-Banasik D, Kowalik K, Sechman A. Influence of silver nanoparticles on mRNA expression of thyroid hormone-related genes in the thyroid gland and liver of laying hens. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2024; 86:106820. [PMID: 37918317 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2023.106820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
The widespread use of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in consumer products and animal husbandry raises the need to study their impact on living organisms. This study was conducted on Hy-Line Brown hens at the age of 25 weeks with an average weight of 1.58 kg. Hens for 2 weeks received a solution of 50 nm AgNPs at a concentration of 100 pm (experimental group; n = 6) or a solution in which the nanoparticles were suspended (control group; n = 6). Thyroid hormones (thyroxine - T4, triiodothyronine - T3) were evaluated in the blood plasma and expression profiles of genes involved in thyroid hormone (TH) synthesis (TSHR, NIS, TPO, TG), metabolism (DIO1, DIO2, DIO3) and transport (MCT8, MCT10, LAT1) were determined in the chicken thyroid gland. Furthermore, iodothyronine deiodinase, TH transporter and TH receptor (THRA, THRB) mRNA expressions were evaluated in the livers isolated from the same chickens. AgNPs did not affect serum T4 levels but elevated serum T3 concentration. The results showed that AgNPs increased DIO3 mRNA in the thyroid gland. In turn, in the liver AgNPs administration significantly upregulated DIO2 and downregulated MCT10 mRNA levels. These results indicate that exposure to AgNPs leads to a tissue-specific alternative expression of genes engaged in TH metabolism. Moreover, the mRNA expression of DIO2 in the liver showed a positive correlation with plasma T3 levels. In conclusion, AgNPs may have an impact on TH metabolism by affecting deiodinases and TH transporter MCT10 mRNA expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Katarzyńska-Banasik
- Department of Animal Physiology and Endocrinology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. Mickiewicza 21, 31-120, Krakow, Poland.
| | - K Kowalik
- Department of Animal Physiology and Endocrinology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. Mickiewicza 21, 31-120, Krakow, Poland
| | - A Sechman
- Department of Animal Physiology and Endocrinology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. Mickiewicza 21, 31-120, Krakow, Poland
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Sebastiano M, Jouanneau W, Blévin P, Angelier F, Parenteau C, Pallud M, Ribout C, Gernigon J, Lemesle JC, Robin F, Pardon P, Budzinski H, Labadie P, Chastel O. Physiological effects of PFAS exposure in seabird chicks: A multi-species study of thyroid hormone triiodothyronine, body condition and telomere length in South Western France. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 901:165920. [PMID: 37527721 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
There is growing evidence that poly and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) exposure leads to the disruption of thyroid hormones including thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), and may affect telomeres, repetitive nucleotide sequences which protect chromosome ends. Many seabird species are long-lived top predators thus exhibit high contaminant levels, and PFAS-disrupting effects on their physiology have been documented especially in relation to the endocrine system in adults. On the contrary, studies on the developmental period (i.e., chicks), during which exposure to environmental contaminants may have a greater impact on physiological traits, remain scarce to this date. We carried out a multi-species study with the aim to assess whether and to which extent chicks of four gull species (herring gull, great and lesser black-backed gull, yellow-legged gull) in South Western France are contaminated by PFAS, and to bring further evidence about their potential physiological consequences. Linear PFOS showed concentrations of concern as it was generally >10 times higher than the other PFAS, and exceeded a threshold toxicity level (calculated from previous studies in birds) in almost all sampled chicks. Nonetheless, in herring gull male chicks, total T3 levels were significantly and negatively associated with perfluorodecanoate (PFDA) and perfluorododecanoate (PFDoDA) and positively associated with perfluorotetradecanoate (PFTeDA) in female chicks. Total T3 levels were also positively associated with PFDoDA in great black backed gull male chicks and with perfluorotridecanoate (PFTrDA) in lesser black backed gull chicks. In lesser and great black-backed gulls, both females and males showed significant negative associations between several PFAS and their body condition, and a positive association between telomere length and L-PFOS in the yellow-legged gull was also found. These results corroborate previous findings and need to be further explored as they suggest that PFAS may interfere with the physiological status of chicks during the developmental period, potentially inducing long-lasting consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sebastiano
- Unité Physiologie Moléculaire et Adaptation, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, CP32, 7 rue Cuvier, Paris, France; Behavioural Ecology & Ecophysiology Group, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), UMR 7372 CNRS-Univ. La Rochelle, France.
| | - W Jouanneau
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), UMR 7372 CNRS-Univ. La Rochelle, France
| | - P Blévin
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), UMR 7372 CNRS-Univ. La Rochelle, France; Akvaplan-niva AS, Fram Centre, NO-9296 Tromsø, Norway
| | - F Angelier
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), UMR 7372 CNRS-Univ. La Rochelle, France
| | - C Parenteau
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), UMR 7372 CNRS-Univ. La Rochelle, France
| | - M Pallud
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), UMR 7372 CNRS-Univ. La Rochelle, France
| | - C Ribout
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), UMR 7372 CNRS-Univ. La Rochelle, France
| | - J Gernigon
- Réserve Naturelle de Lilleau des Niges, 17880, France
| | - J C Lemesle
- Réserve Naturelle de Lilleau des Niges, 17880, France
| | - F Robin
- Réserve Naturelle de Lilleau des Niges, 17880, France; Ligue pour la Protection des Oiseaux (LPO), 17300 Rochefort, France
| | - P Pardon
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, EPOC, EPHE, UMR 5805, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - H Budzinski
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, EPOC, EPHE, UMR 5805, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - P Labadie
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, EPOC, EPHE, UMR 5805, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - O Chastel
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), UMR 7372 CNRS-Univ. La Rochelle, France
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Wang R, Cheng H, Gong Y, Huang T. New brominated flame retardant decabromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPE) in water sediments: A review of contamination characteristics, exposure pathways, ecotoxicological effects and health risks. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 334:122121. [PMID: 37385359 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
As an alternative to polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), decabromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPE) has become one of the most important new brominated flame retardants (NBFRs). However, little is known about whether this emerging contaminant may has an environmental fate similar to PBDEs. Sediments are the main sink for DBDPE in the aqueous phase. Worldwide concentration data, since it was first found in sediments to date, have been collated, and the following conclusions have been drawn. (1) DBDPE concentrations in sediments have increased rapidly, often with a higher risk of contamination in source discharge areas. Compared with other countries, DBDPE contamination in China is more severe, especially in Guangdong Province, which is closely related to its being an e-waste dismantling area. (2) The amount of DBDPE in surface sediments has exceeded that of legacy brominated flame retardants (BFRs), and data recorded in sediment cores also corroborate that DBDPE is replacing decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209) as one of the most dominant NBFRs in the environment. (3) The exposure pathways of DBDPE include dietary intake, air or indoor dust intake, cutaneous absorption and endogenous exposure. For sediments, dietary exposure and endogenous exposure pathways need to be considered. Sediment DBDPE can enter the human body through bioenrichment such as contaminated seafood and the food chain. (4) DBDPE can exhibit neurotoxicity, thyrotoxicity, reproductive and developmental toxicity, hepatotoxicity and oxidative stress in organisms. Long-term DBDPE exposure may increase hyperthyroidism risk and inhibit normal cells activity. This review focuses on the distribution characteristics and exposure risks of DBDPE in global water sediments, providing a strong reference for environmental management and related legal policy formulation. The next steps are to focus on continuous source monitoring, process control and sediment clean-up of DBDPE. The development of sustainable water management options for waste microplastics (MPs) and e-waste spiked with DBDPE is a priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Hongguang Cheng
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
| | - Yiwei Gong
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Tao Huang
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
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Bellot P, Brischoux F, Budzinski H, Dupont SM, Fritsch C, Hope SF, Michaud B, Pallud M, Parenteau C, Prouteau L, Rocchi S, Angelier F. Chronic exposure to tebuconazole alters thyroid hormones and plumage quality in house sparrows (Passer domesticus). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-28259-5. [PMID: 37365357 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28259-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Triazoles belong to a family of fungicides that are ubiquitous in agroecosystems due to their widespread use in crops. Despite their efficiency in controlling fungal diseases, triazoles are also suspected to affect non-target vertebrate species through the disruption of key physiological mechanisms. Most studies so far have focused on aquatic animal models, and the potential impact of triazoles on terrestrial vertebrates has been overlooked despite their relevance as sentinel species of contaminated agroecosystems. Here, we examined the impact of tebuconazole on the thyroid endocrine axis, associated phenotypic traits (plumage quality and body condition) and sperm quality in wild-caught house sparrows (Passer domesticus). We experimentally exposed house sparrows to realistic concentrations of tebuconazole under controlled conditions and tested the impact of this exposure on the levels of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4), feather quality (size and density), body condition and sperm morphology. We found that exposure to tebuconazole caused a significant decrease in T4 levels, suggesting that this azole affects the thyroid endocrine axis, although T3 levels did not differ between control and exposed sparrows. Importantly, we also found that exposed females had an altered plumage structure (larger but less dense feathers) relative to control females. The impact of tebuconazole on body condition was dependent on the duration of exposure and the sex of individuals. Finally, we did not show any effect of exposure to tebuconazole on sperm morphology. Our study demonstrates for the first time that exposure to tebuconazole can alter the thyroid axis of wild birds, impact their plumage quality and potentially affect their body condition. Further endocrine and transcriptomic studies are now needed not only to understand the underlying mechanistic effects of tebuconazole on these variables, but also to further investigate their ultimate consequences on performance (i.e. reproduction and survival).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Bellot
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, UMR 7372, CNRS-La Rochelle Université, 79360, Villiers en Bois, France.
| | - François Brischoux
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, UMR 7372, CNRS-La Rochelle Université, 79360, Villiers en Bois, France
| | - Hélène Budzinski
- CNRS-EPOC, UMR 5805, LPTC Research Group, University of Bordeaux, 33400, Talence, France
| | - Sophie M Dupont
- BOREA, MNHN, CNRS 8067, SU, IRD 207, UCN, UA, 97233, Schoelcher, Martinique, France
- LIENSs, UMR 7266 CNRS-La Rochelle Université, 2 Rue Olympe de Gouges, 17000, La Rochelle, France
| | - Clémentine Fritsch
- Laboratoire Chrono-Environnement, UMR 6249, CNRS/Université de Franche-Comté, F-25000, Besançon, France
| | - Sydney F Hope
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, UMR 7372, CNRS-La Rochelle Université, 79360, Villiers en Bois, France
| | - Bruno Michaud
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, UMR 7372, CNRS-La Rochelle Université, 79360, Villiers en Bois, France
| | - Marie Pallud
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, UMR 7372, CNRS-La Rochelle Université, 79360, Villiers en Bois, France
| | - Charline Parenteau
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, UMR 7372, CNRS-La Rochelle Université, 79360, Villiers en Bois, France
| | - Louise Prouteau
- CNRS-EPOC, UMR 5805, LPTC Research Group, University of Bordeaux, 33400, Talence, France
| | - Steffi Rocchi
- Laboratoire Chrono-Environnement, UMR 6249, CNRS/Université de Franche-Comté, F-25000, Besançon, France
| | - Frédéric Angelier
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, UMR 7372, CNRS-La Rochelle Université, 79360, Villiers en Bois, France
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Grunst ML, Grunst AS. Endocrine effects of exposure to artificial light at night: A review and synthesis of knowledge gaps. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2023; 568-569:111927. [PMID: 37019171 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2023.111927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
Animals have evolved with natural patterns of light and darkness, such that light serves as an important zeitgeber, allowing adaptive synchronization of behavior and physiology to external conditions. Exposure to artificial light at night (ALAN) interferes with this process, resulting in dysregulation of endocrine systems. In this review, we evaluate the endocrine effects of ALAN exposure in birds and reptiles, identify major knowledge gaps, and highlight areas for future research. There is strong evidence for ecologically relevant levels of ALAN acting as an environmental endocrine disruptor. However, most studies focus on the pineal hormone melatonin, corticosterone release via the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis, or regulation of reproductive hormones via the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis, leaving effects on other endocrine systems largely unknown. We call for more research spanning a diversity of hormonal systems and levels of endocrine regulation (e.g. circulating hormone levels, receptor numbers, strength of negative feedback), and investigating involvement of molecular mechanisms, such as clock genes, in hormonal responses. In addition, longer-term studies are needed to elucidate potentially distinct effects arising from chronic exposure. Other important areas for future research effort include investigating intraspecific and interspecific variability in sensitivity to light exposure, further distinguishing between distinct effects of different types of light sources, and assessing impacts of ALAN exposure early in life, when endocrine systems remain sensitive to developmental programming. The effects of ALAN on endocrine systems are likely to have a plethora of downstream effects, with implications for individual fitness, population persistence, and community dynamics, especially within urban and suburban environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa L Grunst
- Littoral, Environnement et Sociétés (LIENS), UMR 7266 CNRS-La Rochelle Université, 2 Rue Olympe de Gouges, FR-17000, La Rochelle, France.
| | - Andrea S Grunst
- Littoral, Environnement et Sociétés (LIENS), UMR 7266 CNRS-La Rochelle Université, 2 Rue Olympe de Gouges, FR-17000, La Rochelle, France
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10
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Farag MR, Zizzadoro C, Alagawany M, Abou-Zeid SM, Mawed SA, El Kholy MS, Di Cerbo A, Azzam MM, Mahdy EAA, Khedr MHE, Elhady WM. In ovo protective effects of chicoric and rosmarinic acids against Thiacloprid-induced cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, and growth retardation on newly hatched chicks. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102487. [PMID: 36739798 PMCID: PMC9932119 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Thiacloprid (TH) is a neonicotinoid insecticide employed in agriculture to protect fruits and vegetables against different insects. It showed different deleterious effects on the general health of non-target organisms including birds and animals, however, its developmental toxicity has yet to be fully elucidated. Chicoric (CA) and rosmarinic (RA) acids are polyphenolic compounds with a wide range of beneficial biological activities. In this study, the possible protective effects of CA and RA were investigated in chick embryos exposed in ovo to TH (1µg/egg) with or without CA (100 µg/egg) or RA (100 µg/egg) co-exposure. TH reduced the hatchling body weight, body weight/egg weight, and relative weight of bursa of Fabricius in the one-day-old hatchlings. Examination of the 7-day-old chicks revealed a decline in feed intake, daily weight gain, feed conversion ratio (FCR), and plasma levels of T3, T4, and growth hormone. Serum ALT, AST activities, and total cholesterol levels showed significant elevations. Hepatic MDA was increased with a reduction in SOD activity and GSH level and downregulation of the liver SOD and GST gene expression pattern. Serum IgG and IgM levels were reduced, and various histopathological alterations were noticed in the liver. Co-administration of CA or RA with TH mitigated the toxic effects on hatchlings. When both CA and RA are combined, they present a synergistic protective effect. CA and RA can be used as protective agents against TH toxicity as they improve growth performance and have hepatoprotective and immunostimulant effects in newly hatched chicks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayada R Farag
- Forensic Medicine and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | - Claudia Zizzadoro
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, 70010, Valenzano, Italy
| | - Mahmoud Alagawany
- Poultry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt.
| | - Shimaa M Abou-Zeid
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, 6012201, Egypt
| | - Suzan Attia Mawed
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | - Mohamed S El Kholy
- Poultry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | - Alessandro Di Cerbo
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62024, Matelica, Italy
| | - Mahmoud M Azzam
- Department of Animal Production College of Food & Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman A A Mahdy
- Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, Egypt
| | - Mariam H E Khedr
- Veterinary Public Health Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, Egypt
| | - Walaa M Elhady
- Forensic Medicine and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
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11
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Fernandes E, Raymundo A, Martins LL, Lordelo M, de Almeida AM. The Naked Neck Gene in the Domestic Chicken: A Genetic Strategy to Mitigate the Impact of Heat Stress in Poultry Production—A Review. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13061007. [PMID: 36978548 PMCID: PMC10044606 DOI: 10.3390/ani13061007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The poultry sector is one of the most important food industries in the world. Poultry production generates high-value protein products (meat and eggs) that are produced efficiently without the need for large areas. In poultry production, especially in the tropics, environmental factors, such as temperature and humidity, play a major role. Heat stress (HS) causes behavioral, physical, and physiological changes in poultry, with severe financial impacts. Therefore, it is important to find strategies to minimize it. The naked neck (Na) is an autosomal, incompletely dominant gene. Compared with normal feathered birds, these animals are known for their ability to adapt, perform, and reproduce under hot and humid climate conditions. Due to the absence of feathers on the neck, these animals increase heat dissipation, alleviating adverse heat effects, especially on productive performance. Genetic improvement of heat tolerance may provide a low-cost solution, of particular interest for developing countries in the tropics. The focus of this review is to evaluate the impact of HS in poultry with a special emphasis on the advantages of using the Na gene.
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12
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Lépine M, Verreault J. Biotransformation of Dec-604 and potential effect on thyroid deiodinase activity in highly flame retardant-exposed gulls. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 215:114268. [PMID: 36075477 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Several halogenated flame retardants (HFRs) have been identified as thyroid disruptors in birds including the polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) mixtures, which have been replaced with other HFRs such as Dechlorane-604 (Dec-604). Dec-604 Component B (Dec-604 CB), a putative debrominated product of Dec-604, has been frequently reported in urban-adapted ring-billed gulls (Larus delawarensis) breeding in the Montreal area (QC, Canada). The metabolic pathways of Dec-604 are yet to be characterized, although the occurrence of Dec-604 CB in gulls may suggest that enzyme-mediated dehalogenation may occur, potentially involving the thyroid deiodinases. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of Dec-604 on type 1 deiodinase (DIO1) in the presence of thyroxine (T4) in an in vitro DIO1 assay using liver microsomes of ring-billed gulls that are highly exposed to HFRs in the Montreal area, and to determine whether DIO1 is involved in the in vitro debromination of Dec-604. We tested the in vitro activity of DIO1 in gull liver microsomes in the presence of five concentrations of Dec-604 ranging from 0.86 to 86.21 nM. HFR concentrations (Σ40HFR) were also determined in liver samples of gulls. Results showed that total DIO1 activity in gull liver microsomes was increased by three of the five concentrations of Dec-604. No relationship between liver Σ40HFR concentrations and DIO1 activity was observed, except for T2 formation rates that significantly decreased with increasing liver HFR concentrations. Moreover, greater Dec-604 CB to Dec-604 concentration ratios in activated gull microsomes (with the DIO1 cofactor dithiothreitol) were found at the intermediate Dec-604 concentration compared to controls. These results suggested that liver microsome DIO1 activity may be perturbed in ring-billed gulls exposed to Dec-604, and be involved at least in part, in the debromination of Dec-604 leading to the formation of Dec-604 CB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine Lépine
- Centre de recherche en toxicologie de l'environnement (TOXEN), Département des sciences biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, Succursale Centre-ville, Montreal, QC, H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Jonathan Verreault
- Centre de recherche en toxicologie de l'environnement (TOXEN), Département des sciences biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, Succursale Centre-ville, Montreal, QC, H3C 3P8, Canada.
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13
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Sirsat TS, Sirsat SKG, Price ER, Pineda M, Dzialowski EM. Manipulating plasma thyroid hormone levels alters development of endothermy and ventilation in nestling red-winged blackbirds. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1027257. [PMID: 36523554 PMCID: PMC9745037 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1027257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Thyroid hormones are key regulators of development and metabolism in vertebrates. During the nestling period, young of altricial species transition from an ectothermic phenotype to an endothermic phenotype. Red-winged blackbirds are an altricial species that exhibit an increase in plasma 3,3', 5-triiodo-L-thyronine (T3) levels during the first 5 days post-hatch (dph), begin to develop endothermic metabolic responses by 7 dph, and fledge within 10 days of hatching. We propose that thyroid hormones play an important role in regulating development of endothermy during the nestling period in altricial birds. To better understand the effects of thyroid hormones on endothermic metabolic development in an altricial species, we treated nestling red-winged blackbirds on 2, 3, and 5 dph with either methimazole (MMI) to induce hypothyroidism or supplemental T3 to induce hyperthyroidism. We then measured on 5, 7, and 9 dph morphology and whole animal O2 consumption (V ˙ o 2 ) and ventilation in the thermal neutral zone and during gradual cooling. Treatment of nestlings with MMI resulted in lower plasma T3 levels on 5 dph that recovered by 7 dph, while supplementing with T3 did not affect plasma T3 levels on 5, 7 and 9 dph. Treatment with MMI resulted in smaller nestlings with smaller hearts and structural characters such as wing chord and femur length, but larger lungs and kidneys. Treatment with T3 produced smaller nestlings with smaller body masses and shorter femur and tarsus lengths. The development ofV ˙ o 2 and ventilation endothermic responses to gradual cooling in MMI treated nestlings were delayed when compared with control nestlings. In 9 dph nestlings, hypothyroidism resulted in alterations in the responses of ventilation frequency and tidal volume to cooling when compared with the control nestlings. Supplemental T3 had no effect on the development ofV ˙ o 2 and ventilation in the thermal neutral zone or in response to cooling. Our data suggest plasma thyroid hormone levels play an active role in the systemic development of endothermic capacity and the development of ventilatory control. In the nestling avian, multiple systems develop in concert to produce an endothermic phenotype, but reduced thyroid hormone delays maturation of endothermic capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tushar S. Sirsat
- Department of Physician Assistant Studies, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY, United States
- Developmental Integrative Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States
| | - Sarah K. G. Sirsat
- Developmental Integrative Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States
- Department of Biology, SUNY Potsdam, Potsdam, NY, United States
| | - Edwan R. Price
- Developmental Integrative Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States
- Green Godwit Consulting, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Megan Pineda
- Developmental Integrative Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States
- FUJIFILM Diosynth Biotechnologies Texas, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Edward M. Dzialowski
- Developmental Integrative Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States
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14
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He Z, Chen Q, Ouyang Q, Hu J, Shen Z, Hu B, Hu S, He H, Li L, Liu H, Wang J. Transcriptomic analysis of the thyroid and ovarian stroma reveals key pathways and potential candidate genes associated with egg production in ducks. Poult Sci 2022; 102:102292. [PMID: 36435165 PMCID: PMC9700033 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of thyroid-related genes has been repeatedly mentioned in the transcriptome studies of poultry with different laying performance, yet there are few systematic studies to unravel the regulatory mechanisms of the thyroid-ovary axis in the poultry egg production process. In this study, we compared the transcriptome profiles in the thyroid and ovarian stroma between high egg production (GP) and low egg production (DP) ducks, and then revealed the pathways and candidate genes involved in the process. We identified 1,114 and 733 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the thyroid and ovarian stroma, separately. The Gene Ontology (GO) analysis showed that a total of 504 and 189 GO terms were identified in the thyroid and ovarian stroma (P < 0.05). Three common GO terms were identified from the top 5 GO terms with the highest significant level in two tissues, including extracellular space, calcium ion binding, and integral component of plasma membrane. The enrichment analysis of the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) showed that 15 and 14 KEGG pathways were significantly (P < 0.05) enriched in the thyroid and ovarian stroma, respectively. And, there were 8 common pathways, including neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, calcium signaling pathway, ECM-receptor interaction, PPAR signaling pathway, melanogenesis, wnt signaling pathway, vascular smooth muscle contraction, and cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction. Notably, the neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction pathway was the most significantly enriched by the DEGs both in the thyroid and ovarian stroma. The interaction among DEGs enriched in the neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction and ECM-receptor interaction suggested that the thyroid may regulate ovarian development by these genes. Through integrated analysis of the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and KEGG pathway maps, 9 key DEGs (PTH, THBS2, THBS4, CD36, ADIPOQ, ACSL6, PRKAA2, CRH, and PCK1) were identified, which could play crucial roles in the thyroid to regulate ovarian function and then affect egg-laying performance between GP and DP. This study serves as a basis to explore the molecular mechanism of the thyroid affecting ovarian function and egg production in female ducks and may help to identify molecular markers that can be used for duck genetic selection.
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15
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Esparza I, Elliott KH, Choy ES, Braune BM, Letcher RJ, Patterson A, Fernie KJ. Mercury, legacy and emerging POPs, and endocrine-behavioural linkages: Implications of Arctic change in a diving seabird. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 212:113190. [PMID: 35367428 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Arctic species encounter multiple stressors including climate change and environmental contaminants. Some contaminants may disrupt hormones that govern the behavioural responses of wildlife to climatic variation, and thus the capacity of species to respond to climate change. We investigated correlative interactions between legacy and emerging persistent organic pollutants (POPs), mercury (Hg), hormones and behaviours, in thick-billed murres (Uria lomvia) (N = 163) breeding in northern Hudson Bay (2016-2018). The blood profile of the murres was dominated by methylmercury (MeHg), followed by much lower levels of sum (∑) 35 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), hexachlorobenzene (HCB) and p,p'-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethylene (DDE), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) BDE-47, -99 and BDE-100; all other measured organochlorine pesticides and replacement brominated flame retardants had low concentrations if detected. Inter-annual variations occurred in MeHg, circulating triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), and the foraging behaviours of the murres, identified using GPS-accelerometers. Compared to the 50-year mean date (1971-2021) for 50% of sea-ice coverage in Hudson Bay, sea-ice breakup was 1-2 weeks earlier (2016, 2017) or comparable (2018). Indeed, 2017 was the earliest year on record. Consistent with relationships identified individually between MeHg and total T3, and T3 and foraging behaviour, a direct interaction between these three parameters was evident when all possible interactions among measured chemical pollutants, hormones, and behaviours of the murres were considered collectively (path analysis). When murres were likely already stressed due to early sea-ice breakup (2016, 2017), blood MeHg influenced circulating T3 that in turn reduced foraging time underwater. We conclude that when sea-ice breaks up early in the breeding season, Hg may interfere with the ability of murres to adjust their foraging behaviour via T3 in relation to variation in sea-ice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilse Esparza
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore Road Ste, Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Kyle H Elliott
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore Road Ste, Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada.
| | - Emily S Choy
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore Road Ste, Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Birgit M Braune
- Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Wildlife Research Center, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3, Canada
| | - Robert J Letcher
- Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Wildlife Research Center, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3, Canada
| | - Allison Patterson
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore Road Ste, Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Kim J Fernie
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore Road Ste, Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada; Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 867 Lakeshore Rd, Burlington, ON L7S 1A1, Canada.
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16
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Ruiz-Raya F, Noguera JC, Velando A. Light received by embryos promotes postnatal junior phenotypes in a seabird. Behav Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arac079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Light is a salient and variable ecological factor that can impact developmental trajectories of vertebrate embryos, yet whether prenatal light environment can act as an anticipatory cue preparing organisms to cope with postnatal conditions is still unclear. In asynchronous birds, last-laid eggs are particularly exposed to sunlight as parental incubation behavior becomes intermittent after the hatching of senior chicks. Here, we explore whether natural variations in prenatal light exposure shape the distinctive phenotype showed by last-hatched chicks of a semi-precocial seabird, the yellow-legged gull (Larus michahellis), potentially preparing them to cope with the postnatal competitive context. To do this, we manipulated the amount of light received by last-laid eggs (within a natural range) during last stages of embryonic development. Prenatal exposure to light cues promoted the development of the resilient “junior phenotype” exhibited by last-hatched gull chicks, characterized by accelerated hatching, increased begging behavior and a slower growth rate. These developmental and behavioral adjustments were accompanied by down-regulation of genes involved in metabolism and development regulation (SOD2 and TRalpha), as well as changes in the HPA-axis functioning (lower baseline corticosterone and robust adrenocortical response). Junior chicks exposed to light cues during the embryonic development showed longer telomeres during the early postnatal period, suggesting that light-induced adjustments could allow them to buffer the competitive disadvantages associated with hatching asynchrony. Our study provides evidence that postnatal junior phenotypes are, at least in part, prenatally shaped by light cues that act during a critical temporal window of developmental sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Ruiz-Raya
- Centro de Investigación Mariña, Universidade de Vigo, Grupo de Ecoloxía Animal , Vigo 36310 , Spain
| | - Jose C Noguera
- Centro de Investigación Mariña, Universidade de Vigo, Grupo de Ecoloxía Animal , Vigo 36310 , Spain
| | - Alberto Velando
- Centro de Investigación Mariña, Universidade de Vigo, Grupo de Ecoloxía Animal , Vigo 36310 , Spain
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Choy ES, Elliott KH, Esparza I, Patterson A, Letcher RJ, Fernie KJ. Potential disruption of thyroid hormones by perfluoroalkyl acids in an Arctic seabird during reproduction. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 305:119181. [PMID: 35378199 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Arctic marine ecosystems are experiencing rapid change, such as ocean warming and enhanced pollutants. Perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) arriving via long-range transport have been detected in Arctic wildlife, including seabirds which are considered sentinels of marine ecosystem health. There is evidence that PFAA exposure leads to the disruption of thyroid hormones (THs), such as thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), which play important roles in metabolism, incubation, and thermoregulation in seabirds. Here, we investigated relationships between PFAAs and THs [total T4 (TT4), free T4 (FT4), total T3 (TT3) and free T3 (FT3)] in blood plasma collected from 63 thick-billed murres (Uria lomvia) at a colony located in northern Hudson Bay (2016-2018). We then tested if PFAAs and TH levels were related to fitness-associated reproductive traits, such as body mass and hatch dates. PFUdA, PFOS, and PFTrDA were the dominant PFAAs in murre blood, accounting for approximately 77% of ∑PFAA. Females had higher PFAAs than males, possibly due to higher trophic feeding. While FT3 increased with PFOS, PFNA, PFDA, PFDoA, PFTeDA, ∑PFCA7, and ∑PFAA in murres, TT3 decreased with PFOS, PFDoA, and PFTeDA in males, but not females, suggesting thyroid disruption. TT3 increased with body mass, whereas several long-chain PFAAs were negatively correlated with body mass. Negative relationships between PFNA, PFDoA, PFTrDA, PFTeDA, and ∑PFAA with hatch dates may be the result of a disruption in incubation behaviour, resulting in earlier hatch dates. Consequently, TT3 concentrations were highest in males and females in 2018, a year in which PFAAs were lowest and hatch dates were delayed relative to 2017. As an Arctic seabird experiencing several indirect effects of climate change, the interaction of PFAAs on thyroid activity may cause additional stress to murres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily S Choy
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore Road, Ste. Anne de Bellevue, QC, H9X 3V9, Canada.
| | - Kyle H Elliott
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore Road, Ste. Anne de Bellevue, QC, H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Ilse Esparza
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore Road, Ste. Anne de Bellevue, QC, H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Allison Patterson
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore Road, Ste. Anne de Bellevue, QC, H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Robert J Letcher
- Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Wildlife Research Centre, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0H3, Canada
| | - Kim J Fernie
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore Road, Ste. Anne de Bellevue, QC, H9X 3V9, Canada; Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Canada Centre for Inland Waters, 867 Lakeshore Rd, Burlington, ON, L7S 1A1, Canada
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18
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Distefano GG, Zangrando R, Basso M, Panzarin L, Gambaro A, Volpi Ghirardini A, Picone M. Assessing the exposure to human and veterinary pharmaceuticals in waterbirds: The use of feathers for monitoring antidepressants and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 821:153473. [PMID: 35093362 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) from both human and veterinary sources is an increasing threat to wildlife welfare and conservation. Notwithstanding, tracking the exposure to pharmaceuticals in non-target and sensitive vertebrates, including birds, is seldom performed and relies almost exclusively on analysing internal organs retrieved from carcasses or from experimentally exposed and sacrificed birds. Clearly, this excludes the possibility of performing large-scale monitoring. Analysing feathers collected from healthy birds may permit this, by detecting APIs in wild birds, including protected and declining species of waterbirds, without affecting their welfare. To this end, we set up a non-destructive method for analysing the presence of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) in the feathers of fledglings of both the Mediterranean gull (Ichtyaetus melanocephalus) and the Sandwich tern (Thalasseus sandvicensis). The presence of several NSAIDs and SSRIs above the method quantification limits have confirmed that feathers might be a suitable means of evaluating the exposure of birds to APIs. Moreover, the concentrations indicated that waterbirds are exposed to NSAIDs, such as diclofenac, ibuprofen and naproxen, and SSRIs, such as citalopram, desmethylcitalopram, fluvoxamine and sertraline, possibly due to their widespread use and incomplete removal in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). The active ingredient diclofenac raises a the primary concern for the ecosystem and the welfare of the waterbirds, due to its high prevalence (100% and 83.3% in Mediterranean gull and Sandwich tern, respectively), its concentrations detected in feathers (11.9 ng g-1 and 6.7 ng g-1 in Mediterranean gull and Sandwich tern, respectively), and its documented toxicity toward certain birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Giuseppe Distefano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali, Informatica e Statistica, Università Ca' Foscari, Campus Scientifico via Torino 155, I-30170 Mestre, Venezia, Italy
| | - Roberta Zangrando
- Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali, Informatica e Statistica, Università Ca' Foscari, Campus Scientifico via Torino 155, I-30170 Mestre, Venezia, Italy; Istituto di Scienze Polari, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Torino 155, I-30170 Mestre, Venezia, Italy
| | | | - Lucio Panzarin
- Associazione Naturalistica Sandonatese, c/o Centro Didattico Naturalistico il Pendolino, via Romanziol 130, 30020 Noventa di Piave, Venezia, Italy
| | - Andrea Gambaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali, Informatica e Statistica, Università Ca' Foscari, Campus Scientifico via Torino 155, I-30170 Mestre, Venezia, Italy
| | - Annamaria Volpi Ghirardini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali, Informatica e Statistica, Università Ca' Foscari, Campus Scientifico via Torino 155, I-30170 Mestre, Venezia, Italy
| | - Marco Picone
- Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali, Informatica e Statistica, Università Ca' Foscari, Campus Scientifico via Torino 155, I-30170 Mestre, Venezia, Italy.
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Distefano GG, Zangrando R, Basso M, Panzarin L, Gambaro A, Volpi Ghirardini A, Picone M. The ubiquity of neonicotinoid contamination: Residues in seabirds with different trophic habits. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 206:112637. [PMID: 34973939 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Neonicotinoids are one of the most diffusely used classes of pesticides whose level of danger toward non-target invertebrate and vertebrate species has raised increasing concern in the last decades. Among vertebrates, birds are particularly susceptible to unintentional neonicotinoid poisoning since they can be exposed through different pathways, including ingestion of dressed seeds, sucking of contaminated pollen, ingestion of sprayed insects, predation on contaminated aquatic and terrestrial preys. In the present study, we investigated the possible exposure of seabirds by measuring the residues of five neonicotinoids (acetamiprid, clothianidin, imidacloprid, thiacloprid and thiamethoxam) in samples of pooled feathers collected from fledglings of the strictly piscivorous Sandwich tern (Thalasseus sandvicensis) and the mixotrophic species Mediterranean gull (Ichthyaetus melanocephalus). At least one neonicotinoid was quantified in all the Mediterranean gull samples (n = 11) and 89% of the analysed Sandwich tern samples (n = 36). The active principles with the highest quantification rates were imidacloprid (100% in Mediterranean gulls and 58% in Sandwich terns) and clothianidin (100% in Mediterranean gulls and 61% in Sandwich terns), while thiacloprid was the less frequently detected pesticide (<20% of samples in both species). Mean concentrations ± standard error for imidacloprid, clothianidin and thiamethoxam were 8.8 ± 1.4, 4.5 ± 0.19 and 0.16 ± 0.02 ng g-1 for the Mediterranean gull, and 5.8 ± 0.55, 0.60 ± 0.08 and 0.36 ± 0.03 ng g-1for the Sandwich tern, respectively. Our data evidenced the exposure of seabirds to neonicotinoids and the further need to investigate the extent of neonicotinoid contamination in non-agricultural ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Giuseppe Distefano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali, Informatica e Statistica, Università Ca' Foscari, Campus Scientifico via Torino 155, I-30170, Mestre, Venezia, Italy
| | - Roberta Zangrando
- Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali, Informatica e Statistica, Università Ca' Foscari, Campus Scientifico via Torino 155, I-30170, Mestre, Venezia, Italy; Istituto di Scienze Polari (ISP), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Torino 155, I-30170 Mestre, Venezia, Italy
| | | | - Lucio Panzarin
- Associazione Naturalistica Sandonatese, c/o Centro Didattico Naturalistico il Pendolino, via Romanziol 130, 30020, Noventa di Piave, Venezia, Italy
| | - Andrea Gambaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali, Informatica e Statistica, Università Ca' Foscari, Campus Scientifico via Torino 155, I-30170, Mestre, Venezia, Italy
| | - Annamaria Volpi Ghirardini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali, Informatica e Statistica, Università Ca' Foscari, Campus Scientifico via Torino 155, I-30170, Mestre, Venezia, Italy
| | - Marco Picone
- Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali, Informatica e Statistica, Università Ca' Foscari, Campus Scientifico via Torino 155, I-30170, Mestre, Venezia, Italy.
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20
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Mortensen ÅK, Verreault J, François A, Houde M, Giraudo M, Dam M, Jenssen BM. Flame retardants and their associations with thyroid hormone-related variables in northern fulmars from the Faroe Islands. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 806:150506. [PMID: 34601176 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Flame retardants (FRs) are widely reported in tissues of seabirds including birds sampled from remote areas. There is evidence that FRs can disrupt the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis in seabirds, although information is limited on thyroid-related mechanisms and effects. This study investigated the associations between concentrations of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and other FRs, and changes in the HPT axis in northern fulmars (Fulmarus glacialis) from the Faroe Islands (North Atlantic). Plasma concentrations of thyroid hormones (THs), hepatic deiodinase type 1 (D1) activity, and transcription of selected TH-related genes in liver were used as markers of HPT axis changes. Liver concentrations of a certain PBDE congeners and other FRs including pentabromoethylbenzene (PBEB), dechlorane 602 (Dec-602), and dechlorane plus (DP) were associated with changes in thyroid status. Specifically, liver PBDE, PBEB and Dec-602 concentrations were associated with plasma TH levels (free thyroxine [FT4] and total triiodothyronine [TT3]). Liver DP concentrations were positively correlated with the TT4:FT4 ratios and mRNA levels of UDP-glucuronyltransferase-1, while those of PBEB were negatively associated with TT4:TT3 ratios and D1 activity. D1 activity was also positively associated with the tri-, tetra- and hexa-BDE congeners. Moreover, transcription of ABCC2, a hepatic TH transporter, was associated with certain liver PBDE concentrations. Although PBDEs and other FRs may be potential inhibitors of D1 activity, only a few of the targeted FRs had modest associations with hepatic D1 activity. Regardless, the relationships reported herein indicated that exposure to moderate levels of FRs can be associated with thyroid axis perturbation at the molecular/biochemical levels in this North Atlantic seabird species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Åse-Karen Mortensen
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jonathan Verreault
- Centre de recherche en toxicologie de l'environnement (TOXEN), Département des sciences biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, Succursale Centre-ville, Montreal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Anthony François
- Centre de recherche en toxicologie de l'environnement (TOXEN), Département des sciences biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, Succursale Centre-ville, Montreal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Magali Houde
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, 105 McGill Street, Montreal, QC H2Y 2E7, Canada
| | - Maeva Giraudo
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, 105 McGill Street, Montreal, QC H2Y 2E7, Canada
| | - Maria Dam
- IVF Evnaskyn, Fjosagoeta 2, FO-100 Torshavn, Faroe Islands
| | - Bjørn Munro Jenssen
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway.
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21
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Egg-laying increases body temperature to an annual maximum in a wild bird. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1681. [PMID: 35102175 PMCID: PMC8803923 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05516-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Most birds, unlike reptiles, lay eggs successively to form a full clutch. During egg-laying, birds are highly secretive and prone to disturbance and predation. Using multisensor data loggers, we show that average daily body temperature during egg-laying is significantly increased (1 °C) in wild eider ducks (Somateria mollissima). Strikingly, this increase corresponds to the annual maximum body temperature (40.7 °C), representing a severe annual thermogenic challenge. This egg-laying-induced rise in body temperature may prove to be a common feature of wild birds and could be caused by habitat-related thermoregulatory adjustments and hormonal modulation of reproduction. We conclude our findings with new perspectives of the benefits of high body temperature associated with egg-laying of birds and the potential effect of heat stress that may occur with the future advent of heatwaves.
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22
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Tremblay F, Whelan S, Choy ES, Hatch SA, Elliott KH. Resting costs too: the relative importance of active and resting energy expenditure in a sub-arctic seabird. J Exp Biol 2022; 225:273977. [PMID: 35019973 PMCID: PMC8920031 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.243548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Breeding is costly for many animals, including birds that must deliver food to a central place (i.e. nest). Measuring energy expenditure throughout the breeding season can provide valuable insight into physiological limitations by highlighting periods of high demand, and ultimately allows improvement of conservation strategies. However, quantifying energy expenditure in wildlife can be challenging, as existing methods do not measure both active (e.g. foraging) and resting energy costs across short and long time scales. Here, we developed a novel method for comparing active and resting costs in 66 pre-breeding and breeding seabirds (black-legged kittiwakes, Rissa tridactyla) by combining accelerometry and triiodothyronine (T3) as proxies for active and resting costs, respectively. Active energy costs were higher during incubation (P=0.0004) and chick rearing (P<0.0001) than during pre-laying, because of an increase in the time spent in flight of 11% (P=0.0005) and 15% (P<0.0001), respectively. Levels of T3, reflecting resting costs, peaked marginally during incubation with a mean (±s.d.) concentration of 4.71±1.97 pg ml−1 in comparison to 2.66±1.30 pg ml−1 during pre-laying (P=0.05) and 3.16±2.85 pg ml−1 during chick rearing (P=0.11). Thus, although chick rearing is often assumed to be the costliest breeding stage by multiple studies, our results suggest that incubation could be more costly as a result of high resting costs. We highlight the importance of accounting for both active and resting costs when assessing energy expenditure. Summary: Measurements of both active and resting energy expenditure in breeding black-legged kittiwakes suggest that chick rearing may not be the costliest breeding stage, highlighting the need to measure both active and resting cost when assessing energy expenditure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fred Tremblay
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, Canada
| | - Shannon Whelan
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, Canada
| | - Emily S Choy
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, Canada
| | - Scott A Hatch
- Institute for Seabird Research and Conservation, Anchorage, AK, USA
| | - Kyle H Elliott
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, Canada
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Thambirajah AA, Wade MG, Verreault J, Buisine N, Alves VA, Langlois VS, Helbing CC. Disruption by stealth - Interference of endocrine disrupting chemicals on hormonal crosstalk with thyroid axis function in humans and other animals. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 203:111906. [PMID: 34418447 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Thyroid hormones (THs) are important regulators of growth, development, and homeostasis of all vertebrates. There are many environmental contaminants that are known to disrupt TH action, yet their mechanisms are only partially understood. While the effects of Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs) are mostly studied as "hormone system silos", the present critical review highlights the complexity of EDCs interfering with TH function through their interactions with other hormonal axes involved in reproduction, stress, and energy metabolism. The impact of EDCs on components that are shared between hormone signaling pathways or intersect between pathways can thus extend beyond the molecular ramifications to cellular, physiological, behavioral, and whole-body consequences for exposed organisms. The comparatively more extensive studies conducted in mammalian models provides encouraging support for expanded investigation and highlight the paucity of data generated in other non-mammalian vertebrate classes. As greater genomics-based resources become available across vertebrate classes, better identification and delineation of EDC effects, modes of action, and identification of effective biomarkers suitable for HPT disruption is possible. EDC-derived effects are likely to cascade into a plurality of physiological effects far more complex than the few variables tested within any research studies. The field should move towards understanding a system of hormonal systems' interactions rather than maintaining hormone system silos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita A Thambirajah
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Michael G Wade
- Environmental Health Science & Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Jonathan Verreault
- Centre de Recherche en Toxicologie de l'environnement (TOXEN), Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, QC, H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Nicolas Buisine
- UMR7221 Physiologie Moléculaire et Adaptation, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Verônica A Alves
- Centre Eau Terre Environnement, Institut National de La Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Québec City, QC, G1K 9A9, Canada
| | - Valerie S Langlois
- Centre Eau Terre Environnement, Institut National de La Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Québec City, QC, G1K 9A9, Canada
| | - Caren C Helbing
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, V8P 5C2, Canada.
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24
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Miri B, Ghasemi HA, Hajkhodadadi I, Khaltabadi Farahani AH. Effects of low eggshell temperatures during incubation, in ovo feeding of L-arginine, and post-hatch dietary guanidinoacetic acid on hatching traits, performance, and physiological responses of broilers reared at low ambient temperature. Poult Sci 2022; 101:101548. [PMID: 34823169 PMCID: PMC8626698 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effect of eggshell temperature (ET) manipulations during incubation, in ovo feeding (IOF) of arginine, and post-hatch dietary supplementation with guanidinoacetic acid (GAA) on hatching traits and subsequent growth and physiological performance of hatched broiler chicks reared under subnormal temperature. In experiment 1, from d 8 of incubation onward, a total of 2,160 hatching eggs were randomly arranged in a 2 × 3 factorial design, in which the eggs were exposed to 2 ET (37.8°C or periodically low ET), and 3 IOF treatments (noninjected, diluent-injected, and 1% arginine solution-injected). In experiment 2, a total of 576 one-day-old male broiler chicks from 2 temperature conditions and 2 IOF treatment groups (noninjected and Arg-injected) were reared for 42 d with or without GAA supplementation in a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial design. Each treatment had 6 replicates with 12 birds each. A subnormal ambient temperature (17°C) was applied from 15 d onward to induce ascites. Results from experiment 1 showed a 2-way interaction between ET and IOF for embryonic mortality rate during 19 to 21 d of incubation and residual yolk weight at hatch (P < 0.05). A periodically low ET significantly increased yolk free body mass, first-grade chicks, and relative heart weight than an ET of 37.8°C. In the second experiment, overall average daily gain (ADG) was increased, but feed conversion ratio (FCR), ascites mortality, and serum thyroid hormones and corticosterone were reduced in the low ET group (P < 0.05). There were also IOF × GAA interactions for ADG and FCR (P < 0.05). IOF of arginine or dietary GAA increased serum nitric oxide concentration and jejunal villus height, but decreased ascites mortality (P < 0.05). In conclusion, a periodically low ET accompanied by IOF of arginine during incubation and posthatch dietary supplementation with GAA could be a useful strategy for improving the chick quality at hatch and subsequent improvements in post-hatch performance and ascites indices in cold-stressed broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahram Miri
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, Arak University, 38156-8-8349 Arak, Iran
| | - Hossein Ali Ghasemi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, Arak University, 38156-8-8349 Arak, Iran.
| | - Iman Hajkhodadadi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, Arak University, 38156-8-8349 Arak, Iran
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25
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Goodchild C, Karouna-Renier NK, Henry PFP, Letcher RJ, Schultz SL, Maddox CM, Bean TG, Peters LE, Palace V, Fernie KJ. Thyroid disruption and oxidative stress in American kestrels following embryonic exposure to the alternative flame retardants, EHTBB and TBPH. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 157:106826. [PMID: 34438233 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Brominated flame retardant chemicals, such as 2-ethylhexyl-2,3,4,5-tetrabromobenzoate (EHTBB) (CAS #: 183658-27-7) and bis(2-ethylhexyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrabromophthalate (TBPH) (CAS #: 26040-51-7), have been detected in avian tissues and eggs from remote regions. Exposure to EHTBB and TBPH has been shown to cause oxidative stress and altered thyroid function in rodents and fish, yet no controlled studies have examined potential adverse effects of exposure in birds. Because flame retardants have been detected in wild raptors, we used American kestrels (Falco sparverius) as a model raptor to determine whether in ovo exposure to EHTBB or TBPH affected growth, hatching success, oxidative stress, or thyroid function. We exposed kestrel embryos to nominal concentrations (10, 50, or 100 ng g-1 egg weight) of EHTBB and TBPH via egg-injection on embryonic day 5. Embryonic exposure (~23 d) to EHTBB increased thyroid gland mass, reduced glandular colloid and total thyroxine (T4) in hatchling males and females, whereas deiodinase enzyme activity increased in males but decreased in females. Hatchlings exposed to TBPH in ovo exhibited reduced colloid and increased oxidative stress. Although exposure to EHTBB and TBPH caused several physiological effects (e.g., heart and brain mass), only exposure to 50 ng g-1 EHTBB appeared to reduce hatching success. Our results suggest these flame retardants may be hazardous for predatory birds. Future research should evaluate long-term survival and fitness consequences in birds exposed to these chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Goodchild
- U.S. Geological Survey, Eastern Ecological Science Center, Patuxent Research Refuge, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA; Department of Biology, University of Central Oklahoma, Edmond, OK 73034, USA
| | - Natalie K Karouna-Renier
- U.S. Geological Survey, Eastern Ecological Science Center, Patuxent Research Refuge, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA.
| | - Paula F P Henry
- U.S. Geological Survey, Eastern Ecological Science Center, Patuxent Research Refuge, Laurel, MD 20708, USA
| | - Robert J Letcher
- Ecotoxicology & Wildlife Health Division, Science & Technology Branch, Environment & Climate Change Canada, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0H3, Canada
| | - Sandra L Schultz
- U.S. Geological Survey, Eastern Ecological Science Center, Patuxent Research Refuge, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Catherine M Maddox
- U.S. Geological Survey, Eastern Ecological Science Center, Patuxent Research Refuge, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Thomas G Bean
- Department of Environmental Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20740, USA
| | - Lisa E Peters
- Faculty of Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Vince Palace
- International Institute of Sustainable Development - Experimental Lakes Area, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3B 0T4, Canada
| | - Kim J Fernie
- Ecotoxicology & Wildlife Health Division, Science & Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, Ontario L7S 1A1, Canada.
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26
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Sharma A, Kumar BVS, Dubey PP, Kashyap N. Delay in puberty is dependent on heat shock protein B1 expression in native cross layers of Punjab under heat stress. Reprod Domest Anim 2021; 57:284-291. [PMID: 34845785 DOI: 10.1111/rda.14058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Small heat shock protein B1 (HspB1) has been reported to play an essential role in thermotolerance. This study aimed to determine a correlation (if any) between HspB1 expression and age at first egg lay (puberty) in a native cross-layer poultry of Punjab under heat stress. Forty native cross-layer birds were reared in two different seasons, viz. summer (THI was more than 27), classified as the heat-stressed group (n = 20) and winter season (THI was less than 21), classified as the control group (n = 20). Blood was collected from both the groups of birds in their 15th week of age and at puberty. Serum catalase and superoxide dismutase activities, reduced glutathione and corticosterone concentration and lipid peroxidation were measured to assess the oxidative stress in both the groups of birds. The serum antioxidants significantly decreased whilst corticosterone levels and lipid peroxidation significantly elevated in birds in response to summer heat stress. Moreover, in summer season, the activities of the antioxidant enzymes further decreased and lipid peroxidation further increased significantly in birds from their pre-pubertal stage to puberty, which was not observed during the winter season. A clone of chicken HspB1 in BL21 (DE3) cells was revived, and recombinant HspB1 was purified using Ni-NTA agarose column. Serum HspB1 concentration was estimated in different groups of birds by indirect ELISA that has been standardized using the recombinant chicken HspB1. Compared to the control, birds under heat stress had significantly higher serum HspB1 levels. The delay in puberty of all the heat-stressed birds was significantly associated with the increase in their serum HspB1 levels. Taken together, the expression of HspB1 was found to be associated with age at puberty in the native cross poultry layers of Punjab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astha Sharma
- Department of Microbial and Environmental Biotechnology, College of Animal Biotechnology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, India
| | - B V Sunil Kumar
- Department of Microbial and Environmental Biotechnology, College of Animal Biotechnology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Prem Prakash Dubey
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Veterinary Sciences, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Neeraj Kashyap
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Veterinary Sciences, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, India
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27
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Flores-Santin J, Burggren WW. Beyond the Chicken: Alternative Avian Models for Developmental Physiological Research. Front Physiol 2021; 12:712633. [PMID: 34744759 PMCID: PMC8566884 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.712633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomedical research focusing on physiological, morphological, behavioral, and other aspects of development has long depended upon the chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) as a key animal model that is presumed to be typical of birds and generally applicable to mammals. Yet, the modern chicken in its many forms is the result of artificial selection more intense than almost any other domesticated animal. A consequence of great variation in genotype and phenotype is that some breeds have inherent aberrant physiological and morphological traits that may show up relatively early in development (e.g., hypertension, hyperglycemia, and limb defects in the broiler chickens). While such traits can be useful as models of specific diseases, this high degree of specialization can color general experimental results and affect their translational value. Against this background, in this review we first consider the characteristics that make an animal model attractive for developmental research (e.g., accessibility, ease of rearing, size, fecundity, development rates, genetic variation, etc.). We then explore opportunities presented by the embryo to adult continuum of alternative bird models, including quail, ratites, songbirds, birds of prey, and corvids. We conclude by indicating that expanding developmental studies beyond the chicken model to include additional avian groups will both validate the chicken model as well as potentially identify even more suitable avian models for answering questions applicable to both basic biology and the human condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josele Flores-Santin
- Facultad de Ciencias, Biologia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Mexico, Toluca, Mexico
| | - Warren W Burggren
- Developmental Integrative Biology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas Denton, Denton, TX, United States
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28
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Jejunal transcriptomic profiling of two layer strains throughout the entire production period. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20086. [PMID: 34635722 PMCID: PMC8505660 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99566-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The jejunum plays crucial roles for the digestion and absorption of nutrients and minerals and for barrier functions that are essential for a healthy, productive life cycle of farm animals, including laying hens. Accordingly, knowledge of the molecular pathways that emerge in the intestine during development, and particularly at the beginning of laying activity, will help to derive strategies for improving nutrient efficiency in laying hens. In this study, jejunal samples were obtained from two high-yielding layer strains at five developmental stages (weeks 10, 16, 24, 30 and 60 of life) for RNA-sequencing, alongside the profiling of blood plasma parameters to approximate the dynamics of mineral homeostasis. The results reflected a marked distinction between the pre-laying and laying phase as inferred from levels of parathyroid hormone, triiodothyronine, estradiol, vitamin D, and calcium. Moreover, the expression patterns of the intestinal mucosa responded directly to the changing metabolic and nutritional profiles at the beginning of the laying phase in maturing high-yielding strains of laying hens. These comprise signaling events namely RANK/RANKL signaling and cellular senescence. Taken together, the timing of sexual maturity of laying hens demands closer examination to unravel metabolic requirements and associated endogenous mechanisms.
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29
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Brannan K, Livingston M, Wall B, Livingston K, Jansen van Rensburg C. Embryonic thermal manipulation and dietary fat source during acute heat stress: 2. Effect on broiler carcass characteristics and breast muscle myopathies. J APPL POULTRY RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.japr.2021.100174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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30
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Fallahshahroudi A, Johnsson M, Sorato E, Ubhayasekera SJKA, Bergquist J, Altimiras J, Jensen P. Effects of the domestic thyroid stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR) variant on the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis and behavior in chicken. Genetics 2021; 217:1-9. [PMID: 33683367 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/iyaa050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Domestic chickens are less fearful, have a faster sexual development, grow bigger, and lay more eggs than their primary ancestor, the red junglefowl. Several candidate genetic variants selected during domestication have been identified, but only a few studies have directly linked them with distinct phenotypic traits. Notably, a variant of the thyroid stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR) gene has been under strong positive selection over the past millennium, but it's function and mechanisms of action are still largely unresolved. We therefore assessed the abundance of the domestic TSHR variant and possible genomic selection signatures in an extensive data set comprising multiple commercial and village chicken populations as well as wild-living extant members of the genus Gallus. Furthermore, by mean of extensive backcrossing we introgressed the wild-type TSHR variant from red junglefowl into domestic White Leghorn chickens and investigated gene expression, hormone levels, cold adaptation, and behavior in chickens possessing either the wild-type or domestic TSHR variant. While the domestic TSHR was the most common variant in all studied domestic populations and in one of two red junglefowl population, it was not detected in the other Gallus species. Functionally, the individuals with the domestic TSHR variant had a lower expression of the TSHR in the hypothalamus and marginally higher in the thyroid gland than wild-type TSHR individuals. Expression of TSHB and DIO2, two regulators of sexual maturity and reproduction in birds, was higher in the pituitary gland of the domestic-variant chickens. Furthermore, the domestic variant was associated with higher activity in the open field test. Our findings confirm that the spread of the domestic TSHR variant is limited to domesticated chickens, and to a lesser extent, their wild counterpart, the red junglefowl. Furthermore, we showed that effects of genetic variability in TSHR mirror key differences in gene expression and behavior previously described between the red junglefowl and domestic chicken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Fallahshahroudi
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Biomedical Center (BMC), Uppsala University, Uppsala 752 37, Sweden
| | - Martin Johnsson
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala 750 07, Sweden
| | - Enrico Sorato
- Reneco International Wildlife Consultants, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | | | - Jonas Bergquist
- Department of Chemistry, Biomedical Center (BMC), Uppsala University, Uppsala 75124, Sweden
| | - Jordi Altimiras
- AVIAN Behavioural Genomics and Physiology Group, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, Linköping 58183, Sweden
| | - Per Jensen
- AVIAN Behavioural Genomics and Physiology Group, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, Linköping 58183, Sweden
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Zgirski T, Legagneux P, Chastel O, Regimbald L, Prouteau L, Le Pogam A, Budzinski H, Love OP, Vézina F. Early life neonicotinoid exposure results in proximal benefits and ultimate carryover effects. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15252. [PMID: 34315944 PMCID: PMC8316441 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93894-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Neonicotinoids are insecticides widely used as seed treatments that appear to have multiple negative effects on birds at a diversity of biological scales. Adult birds exposed to a low dose of imidacloprid, one of the most commonly used neonicotinoids, presented reduced fat stores, delayed migration and potentially altered orientation. However, little is known on the effect of imidacloprid on birds growth rate despite studies that have documented disruptive effects of low imidacloprid doses on thyroid gland communication. We performed a \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$2 \times 2$$\end{document}2×2 factorial design experiment in Zebra finches, in which nestling birds were exposed to a very low dose (0.205 mg kg body \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\hbox {mass}^{-1}$$\end{document}mass-1) of imidacloprid combined with food restriction during posthatch development. During the early developmental period, imidacloprid exposure resulted in an improvement of body condition index in treated nestlings relative to controls. Imidacloprid also led to compensatory growth in food restricted nestlings. This early life neonicotinoid exposure also carried over to adult age, with exposed birds showing higher lean mass and basal metabolic rate than controls at ages of 90–800 days. This study presents the first evidence that very low-dose neonicotinoid exposure during early life can permanently alter adult phenotype in birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Zgirski
- Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR), Rimouski, QC, G5L 3A1, Canada. .,Centre de la Science de la Biodiversité du Québec (QCBS), Montréal, QC, Canada.
| | - Pierre Legagneux
- Centre de la Science de la Biodiversité du Québec (QCBS), Montréal, QC, Canada.,Université Laval, Quebec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada.,Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), UMR 7372 CNRS - La Rochelle Université, France, 79360, Villiers-en-Bois, France.,Centre d'Études Nordiques (CEN), Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Olivier Chastel
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), UMR 7372 CNRS - La Rochelle Université, France, 79360, Villiers-en-Bois, France
| | - Lyette Regimbald
- Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR), Rimouski, QC, G5L 3A1, Canada
| | - Louise Prouteau
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), UMR 7372 CNRS - La Rochelle Université, France, 79360, Villiers-en-Bois, France.,Université de Bordeaux & CNRS UMR-5805 EPOC-OASU, 33615, Pessac, France
| | - Audrey Le Pogam
- Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR), Rimouski, QC, G5L 3A1, Canada.,Centre de la Science de la Biodiversité du Québec (QCBS), Montréal, QC, Canada.,Centre d'Études Nordiques (CEN), Quebec, QC, Canada.,Groupe de recherche sur les environnements nordiques (BORÉAS), Rimouski, QC, Canada
| | - Hélène Budzinski
- Université de Bordeaux & CNRS UMR-5805 EPOC-OASU, 33615, Pessac, France
| | | | - François Vézina
- Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR), Rimouski, QC, G5L 3A1, Canada.,Centre de la Science de la Biodiversité du Québec (QCBS), Montréal, QC, Canada.,Centre d'Études Nordiques (CEN), Quebec, QC, Canada.,Groupe de recherche sur les environnements nordiques (BORÉAS), Rimouski, QC, Canada
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32
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Vieira KRA, Faillace ACL, Oliva LR, Dislich M, Cubas ZS, Lobo-Júnior AR, Santana MIS. Comparison of Serum Thyroid Hormone Levels in Green-winged Macaws ( Ara chloropterus) Using Radio and Chemiluminescent Immunoassays. J Avian Med Surg 2021; 35:187-195. [PMID: 34256549 DOI: 10.1647/19-00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
This study compared the use of radioimmunoassay (RIA) and chemiluminescent immunoassay (CLIA) to measure serum thyroid hormone levels in green-winged macaws (Ara chloropterus). The sample group comprised 20 male and 13 female (n = 33) healthy, captive green-winged macaws of reproductive age but outside of breeding season. Mean free triiodothyronine (T3), total T3, and free thyroxine (T4) measured by CLIA and RIA corresponded to 5.11 and 5.08 pmol/L (3.33 and 3.31 pg/mL), 1.59 and 1.56 nmol/L (103.5 and 101.5 ng/dL), and 8.25 and 8.82 pmol/L (0.64 and 0.69 ng/dL), respectively. Mean total T4 by RIA corresponded to 6.29 nmol/L (0.49 µg/dL). Mean free T4 and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels differed according to immunoassay method, with higher values measured by RIA compared with CLIA. Sex influence was statistically significant in immunoassay results only on free T3 levels. Free T3 levels measured by RIA were higher than levels measured by CLIA in male birds, but this difference was not found with the female bird samples. Conversely, free T3 levels measured by CLIA were higher in the female macaws compared with male birds. Comparative analysis of thyroid hormone measurements in this study revealed that RIA and CLIA are equivalent methods to measure free T4 and total T3 levels but not TSH levels. These findings support the use of CLIA for free T4 and total T3 level determinations in green-winged macaws. However, the CLIA kit used in this study provided invalid total T4 level results for the macaws sampled. Radioimmunoassay and CLIA were equally ineffective for determining TSH levels in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kássia R A Vieira
- Universidade de Brasília, ICC Sul Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, Brasília, DF, Brazil 70297-400,
| | - Ana C L Faillace
- Universidade de Brasília, ICC Sul Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, Brasília, DF, Brazil 70297-400
| | - Lígia R Oliva
- Parque das Aves Foz Tropicana, Vila Yolanda, Foz do Iguaçu, PR, Brazil 85855-750
| | - Mathias Dislich
- Parque das Aves Foz Tropicana, Vila Yolanda, Foz do Iguaçu, PR, Brazil 85855-750
| | - Zalmir S Cubas
- Itaipu Binacional, Refúgio Biológico Bela Vista, Foz do Iguaçu, PR, Brazil 85856-970
| | - Adalfredo R Lobo-Júnior
- Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Campus Unaí, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Cachoeira, Unaí, MG, Brazil 38610-000
| | - Marcelo I S Santana
- Universidade de Brasília, ICC Sul Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, Brasília, DF, Brazil 70297-400
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Brannan K, Livingston K, Jansen van Rensburg C. Embryonic thermal manipulation and dietary fat source during acute heat stress: 1. effect on hatchability and broiler performance. J APPL POULTRY RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.japr.2021.100143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Sun J, Letcher RJ, Waugh CA, Jaspers VLB, Covaci A, Fernie KJ. Influence of perfluoroalkyl acids and other parameters on circulating thyroid hormones and immune-related microRNA expression in free-ranging nestling peregrine falcons. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 770:145346. [PMID: 33736417 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to certain perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) can have considerable effects on the endocrine and immune systems, although such effects remain largely uncharacterized in wildlife. Using an apex avian predator, we investigated possible relationships of thyroid hormones (THs), specifically free (F) and total (T) thyroxine (FT4; TT4) and triiodothyronine (FT3; TT3), and the expression of an immune-related microRNA biomarker (i.e., miR-155), with the concentrations of 11 PFAAs in nestling peregrine falcons (Falco peregrinus). Nestling peregrines (n = 56; usually two chicks of each sex per nest) were blood sampled when 23 ± 4 days old in urban and rural regions of the Laurentian Great Lakes Basin (Ontario, Canada) in 2016 and 2018. The circulating concentrations of several PFAAs were significantly associated with THs and estimated thyroid gland activity (TT3:TT4; FT3:FT4), including PFHxS (FT3; FT3:FT4), PFDS (TT3; TT3:TT4), PFOA (TT4; FT3:FT4), PFTeDA (TT4; FT3:FT4), PFHxDA (TT4; TT3:TT4) and ΣPFCAs (TT4). Our novel evaluation of miR-155 in peregrine nestlings identified significantly negative relationships of plasma miR-155 counts with PFHxS and PFOA concentrations, indicating potential down-regulation of miR-155 expression and impaired immunity. Several PFAA homologues significantly predicted the variation in THs and miR-155 in conjunction with year (e.g., inter-annual differences in weather, ambient temperature, rainfall), region (urban/rural), nestling age, and/or diet (trophic position; δ15N), which suggests that multiple environmental and biological stressors, including PFAA exposure, influenced thyroid activity and immune function in these nestlings. Further research is warranted to identify the mechanisms and additional impacts of PFAA-related thyroid and immune disruption on the growth, development, and health risks in developing birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiachen Sun
- School of Environment, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, CN-510632 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Robert J Letcher
- Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Wildlife and Landscape Science Directorate, Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Wildlife Research Centre, Carleton University, K1A 0H3 Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Courtney A Waugh
- Environmental Toxicology Group, Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Høgskoleringen 5, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Veerle L B Jaspers
- Environmental Toxicology Group, Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Høgskoleringen 5, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Adrian Covaci
- Toxicological Centre, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, BE-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Kim J Fernie
- Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Wildlife and Landscape Science Directorate, Environment and Climate Change Canada, L7S 1A1 Burlington, Ontario, Canada.
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35
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Sharin T, Williams KL, Chiu S, Crump D, O'Brien JM. Toxicity Screening of Bisphenol A Replacement Compounds: Cytotoxicity and mRNA Expression in Primary Hepatocytes of Chicken and Double-Crested Cormorant. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2021; 40:1368-1378. [PMID: 33465250 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A market for bisphenol A (BPA) replacement compounds has emerged as a result of restrictions on the use of BPA. Some of these compounds have been detected in the environment; however, little is known about their toxicological properties. In the present study, an avian in vitro toxicogenomic approach was used to compare the effects of 5 BPA alternatives. Cell viability and mRNA expression were compared in primary embryonic hepatocytes of chicken (CEH) and double-crested cormorant (DCEH) exposed to 4,4'-(propane-2,2-diyl) diphenol (BPA), bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) methane (BPF), bis (3-allyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) sulfone (TGSH), 7-bis (4-hydroxyphenylthio)-3,5-dioxaheptane (DD-70), 2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) hexafluoropropane (BPAF), and 4-hydroxyphenyl 4-isoprooxyphenylsulfone (BPSIP). Changes in gene expression were determined using 2 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) arrays: 1) species-specific ToxChips that contain genes representing toxicologically relevant pathways, and 2) chicken-specific AestroChip that measures estrogen responsive genes. In CEH and DCEH, BPA alternatives TGSH, DD-70, and BPAF were most cytotoxic. Some of the replacement compounds changed the expression of genes related to xenobiotic metabolism, bile acid, and cholesterol regulation. The rank order based on the number of genes altered on the chicken ToxChip array was TGSH > DD-70 > BPAF = BPF > 17β estradiol (E2) > BPSIP > BPA. On the cormorant ToxChip array, BPSIP altered the greatest number of genes. Based on the chicken AestroChip data, BPSIP and BPF were slightly estrogenic. These results suggest that the replacement compounds have comparable or even greater toxicity than BPA and act via different mechanisms. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:1368-1378. © 2021 Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada. Reproduced with the permission of the Minister of Environment and Climate Change Canada.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasnia Sharin
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Wildlife Research Centre, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kim L Williams
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Wildlife Research Centre, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Suzanne Chiu
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Wildlife Research Centre, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Doug Crump
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Wildlife Research Centre, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jason M O'Brien
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Wildlife Research Centre, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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36
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Sebastiano M, Jouanneau W, Blévin P, Angelier F, Parenteau C, Gernigon J, Lemesle JC, Robin F, Pardon P, Budzinski H, Labadie P, Chastel O. High levels of fluoroalkyl substances and potential disruption of thyroid hormones in three gull species from South Western France. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 765:144611. [PMID: 33385816 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) raised increasing concerns over the past years due to their persistence and global distribution. Understanding their occurrence in the environment and their disruptive effect on the physiology of humans and wildlife remains a major challenge in ecotoxicological studies. Here, we investigate the occurrence of several carboxylic and sulfonic PFAS in 105 individuals of three seabird species (27 great black-backed gull Larus marinus; 44 lesser black-backed gull Larus fuscus graellsii; and 34 European herring gull Larus argentatus) from South western France. We further estimated the relationship between plasma concentrations of PFAS and i) the body condition of the birds and ii) plasma concentrations of thyroid hormone triiodothyronine (TT3). We found that great and lesser black-backed gulls from South Western France are exposed to PFAS levels comparable to highly contaminated species from other geographical areas, although major emission sources (i.e. related to industrial activities) are absent in the region. We additionally found that PFAS are negatively associated with the body condition of the birds in two of the studied species, and that these results are sex-dependent. Finally, we found positive associations between exposure to PFAS and TT3 in the great black-backed gull, suggesting a potential disrupting mechanism of PFAS exposure. Although only three years of data have been collected, we investigated PFAS trend over the study period, and found that great black-backed gulls document an increasing trend of plasma PFAS concentration from 2016 to 2018. Because PFAS might have detrimental effects on birds, French seabird populations should be monitored since an increase of PFAS exposure may impact on population viability both in the short- and long-term.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sebastiano
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), UMR 7372 CNRS-Univ. La Rochelle, France.
| | - W Jouanneau
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), UMR 7372 CNRS-Univ. La Rochelle, France
| | - P Blévin
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), UMR 7372 CNRS-Univ. La Rochelle, France; Akvaplan-niva AS, Fram Centre, NO-9296 Tromsø, Norway
| | - F Angelier
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), UMR 7372 CNRS-Univ. La Rochelle, France
| | - C Parenteau
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), UMR 7372 CNRS-Univ. La Rochelle, France
| | - J Gernigon
- Réserve Naturelle de Lilleau des Niges, 17880, France
| | - J C Lemesle
- Réserve Naturelle de Lilleau des Niges, 17880, France
| | - F Robin
- Réserve Naturelle de Lilleau des Niges, 17880, France; Ligue pour la Protection des Oiseaux (LPO), 17300 Rochefort, France
| | - P Pardon
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, EPOC, EPHE, UMR 5805, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - H Budzinski
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, EPOC, EPHE, UMR 5805, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - P Labadie
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, EPOC, EPHE, UMR 5805, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - O Chastel
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), UMR 7372 CNRS-Univ. La Rochelle, France
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Ask AV, Jenssen BM, Tartu S, Angelier F, Chastel O, Gabrielsen GW. Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances Are Positively Associated with Thyroid Hormones in an Arctic Seabird. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2021; 40:820-831. [PMID: 33369782 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are associated with several disrupted physiological and endocrine parameters. Regarding endocrine mechanisms, laboratory studies suggest that PFAS could disrupt the thyroid hormone system and alter circulating thyroid hormone concentrations. Thyroid hormones play a ubiquitous role-controlling thermoregulation, metabolism, and reproduction. However, evidence for disruption of thyroid hormones by PFAS remains scarce in wildlife. The present study investigated the associations between concentrations of PFAS, thyroid hormones, and body condition in an arctic seabird, the black-legged kittiwake (Rissa tridactyla). We collected blood from kittiwakes sampled in Svalbard, Norway (2013 and 2014). Plasma samples were analyzed for total thyroxine (TT4) and total triiodothyronine (TT3) concentrations; detected PFAS included branched and linear (lin) C8 perfluoroalkyl sulfonates (i.e., perfluoroctane sulfonate [PFOS]) and C9 -C14 perfluoroalkyl carboxylates (PFCAs). The dominant PFAS in the kittiwakes were linPFOS and C11 - and C13 -PFCAs. Generally, male kittiwakes had higher concentrations of PFAS than females. We observed positive correlations between linPFOS, C10 -PFCA, and TT4 in males, whereas in females C12-14 -PFCAs were positively correlated to TT3. Interestingly, we observed contrasted correlations between PFAS and body condition; the direction of the relationship was sex-dependent. Although these results show relationships between PFAS and circulating thyroid hormone concentrations in kittiwakes, the study design does not allow for concluding on causal relationships related to effects of PFAS on the thyroid hormone system. Future experimental research is required to quantify this impact of PFAS on the biology of kittiwakes. The apparently different associations among PFAS and body condition for males and females are puzzling, and more research is required. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:820-831. © 2020 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amalie Vigdel Ask
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Norwegian Polar Institute, Fram Centre, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Bjørn Munro Jenssen
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Sabrina Tartu
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, UMR 7372-CNRS, and Université de La Rochelle, Villiers-en-Bois, France
| | - Frédéric Angelier
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, UMR 7372-CNRS, and Université de La Rochelle, Villiers-en-Bois, France
| | - Olivier Chastel
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, UMR 7372-CNRS, and Université de La Rochelle, Villiers-en-Bois, France
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Characterization of hypothalamo-pituitary-thyroid axis gene expression in the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and ovarian follicles of turkey hens during the preovulatory surge and in hens with low and high egg production. Poult Sci 2021; 100:100928. [PMID: 33588341 PMCID: PMC7896151 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of the preovulatory surge (PS) leads to lowered egg production. The hypothalamo-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis has been shown to influence plasma progesterone levels and follicle ovulation. The presence of thyroid hormone receptors (THR) in the reproductive axis suggests possible effects of thyroid hormone. To further understand the potential role of thyroid hormone on the PS, HPT axis plasma hormone concentrations and gene expression were characterized surrounding the PS in average egg producing hens (AEPH), low egg producing hens (LEPH), and high egg producing hens (HEPH) (n = 3 hens/group). Data were analyzed using the mixed models procedure of SAS, with significance indicated at P < 0.05. Average egg producing hens and HEPH displayed lower levels of triiodothyronine (T3) and higher levels of thyroxine (T4) inside of the PS, whereas LEPH showed inverse T3 and T4 levels relative to the PS. Expression of mRNA for hypothalamic thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), pituitary thyrotropin (TSHB), and the main thyroid hormone metabolism enzyme (DIO2) were downregulated during the PS in AEPH and HEPH. Low egg producing hens displayed higher expression of mRNA for hypothalamic TRH as well as pituitary TSHB and DIO2 compared with HEPH. Average egg producing hens expression of THR mRNAs was upregulated during the PS in the hypothalamus but downregulated in the pituitary. High egg producing hens showed decreased expression of THR mRNAs in both the hypothalamus and pituitary when compared with LEPH. In ovarian follicles, THR mRNAs were more prevalent in the thecal layer of the follicle wall compared with the granulosa layer, and expression tended to decrease with follicle maturity. Minimal differences in follicular THR expression were seen between LEPH and HEPH, indicating that THR expression is unlikely to be responsible for steroid hormone production differences occurring between LEPH and HEPH. Generally, downregulation of the HPT axis was seen during the PS in AEPH and HEPH, whereas upregulation of the HPT axis was seen in LEPH. Further studies will be required to clarify the role of the HPT axis in the regulation of ovulation and egg production rates in turkey hens.
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Wang P, Sun Y, Li Y, Fan J, Zong Y, Isa AM, Shi L, Wang Y, Ni A, Ge P, Jiang L, Bian S, Ma H, Yuan Z, Liu X, Chen J. Monochromatic green light stimulation during incubation shortened the hatching time via pineal function in White Leghorn eggs. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2021; 12:17. [PMID: 33531070 PMCID: PMC7856796 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-020-00539-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Effect of monochromatic green light illumination on embryo development has been reported in chickens. The avian pineal gland is an important photo-endocrine organ formed by a mediodorsal protrusion during embryonic development. However, the involvement of pineal gland in the light transduction process remains to be elucidated. In the present study, we investigated the influence of monochromatic green light on hatching time and explored the possible mechanism via pineal function. Results A total of 600 eggs of White Leghorn (Shaver strain) were incubated under photoperiods of either 12 h of light and 12 h of darkness using monochromatic green light (12L:12D group) or 24 h of darkness (0L:24D group) for 18 d. Compared to 0L:24D group, the green light stimulation shortened the hatching time without extending the hatch window or impairing hatchability. The liver of embryos incubated in the 12L:12D light condition was heavier than those of the 0L:24D group on d 21 post incubation which may be linked to the observed increase in the serum concentration of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1); primary secretion of the liver. Histological structure analysis of pineal gland demonstrated that the light stimulation increased follicle area, wall thickness and lumen area on d 10 and d 12 post incubation. Rhythmic function analysis demonstrated that three clock related genes (brain and muscle ARNT-like-1, BMAL1; circadian locomotor output cycles kaput, CLOCK; and cryptochrome-1, CRY1) and a melatonin rate-limiting enzyme related gene (arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase, AANAT) were rhythmically expressed in the pineal gland of the 12L:12D group, but not in the 0L:24D group. Simultaneously, the light stimulation also increased the concentration of melatonin (MT), which was linked to hepatocyte proliferation and IGF-1 secretion in previous studies. Conclusions The 12L:12D monochromatic green light stimulation during incubation shortened hatching time without impairing hatching performance. Pineal gland’s early histological development and maturation of its rhythmic function were accelerated by the light stimulation. It may be the key organ in the photo-endocrine axis that regulates embryo development, and the potential mechanism could be through enhanced secretion of MT in the 12L:12D group which promotes the secretion of IGF-1. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40104-020-00539-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panlin Wang
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100193, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Yanyan Sun
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yunlei Li
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jing Fan
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yunhe Zong
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Adamu Mani Isa
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Lei Shi
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yuanmei Wang
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Aixin Ni
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Pingzhuang Ge
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Linlin Jiang
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Shixiong Bian
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Hui Ma
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhengdong Yuan
- Beijing DQY Agricultural Science and Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Xiaolin Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China.
| | - Jilan Chen
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Renthlei Z, Hmar L, Kumar Trivedi A. High temperature attenuates testicular responses in tree sparrow (Passer montanus). Gen Comp Endocrinol 2021; 301:113654. [PMID: 33129830 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2020.113654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The majority of birds use environmental cues to time their reproduction. Photoperiod is the most dominant cue, but other environmental factors may play a critical role in successful reproduction. Some previous studies show the effect of temperature on the timing of nest building and reproduction. Here we tested if the temperature can modulate the reproductive responses of tree sparrows. Three experiments were performed on adult male birds. In experiment 1, birds (n = 5/group) were exposed to either high (30 ± 2 °C) or low temperature (20 ± 2 °C). Change in body mass, bill color, and testes volume was recorded every 30 days. In experiment 2, a similar temperature protocol was followed, but birds were euthanized after 30 days. In experiment 3, birds were first exposed to SD (8L:16D) for 30 days but either with high (30 ± 2 °C) or low temperature (20 ± 2 °C). After 30 days, birds were exposed to LD (14L:10D), but half of the high-temperature birds were moved to low temperature, and half of the low-temperature birds were moved to high temperature. After 30 days, all birds were euthanized. In experiment 2 and 3 immediately after euthanization birds, blood samples were collected, serum was used for hormone assay. mRNA levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone-β (Tshβ), type 2 deiodinase (Dio2), type 3 deiodinase (Dio3), gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and gonadotropin inhibitory hormone (GnIH) were measured in hypothalamic tissue. Results from experiment 1 show that high temperature attenuates the testicular responses and accelerates the timing of regression. Experiment 2 shows that on day 30, testicular responses are similar, but reproductive genes express differentially in two groups. Experiment 3 shows that exposure to high temperatures during the photosensitive stage affects the testicular response at the poststimulatory state. Together, these findings suggest that high temperature modulates reproductive responses of tree sparrow.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lalruatthara Hmar
- Department of Zoology, Mizoram University, Aizawl, Mizoram, 976004, India
| | - Amit Kumar Trivedi
- Department of Zoology, Mizoram University, Aizawl, Mizoram, 976004, India.
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41
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Ruuskanen S, Hsu BY, Nord A. Endocrinology of thermoregulation in birds in a changing climate. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 519:111088. [PMID: 33227349 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.111088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The ability to maintain a (relatively) stable body temperature in a wide range of thermal environments by use of endogenous heat production is a unique feature of endotherms such as birds. Endothermy is acquired and regulated via various endocrine and molecular pathways, and ultimately allows wide aerial, aquatic, and terrestrial distribution in variable environments. However, due to our changing climate, birds are faced with potential new challenges for thermoregulation, such as more frequent extreme weather events, lower predictability of climate, and increasing mean temperature. We provide an overview on thermoregulation in birds and its endocrine and molecular mechanisms, pinpointing gaps in current knowledge and recent developments, focusing especially on non-model species to understand the generality of, and variation in, mechanisms. We highlight plasticity of thermoregulation and underlying endocrine regulation, because thorough understanding of plasticity is key to predicting responses to changing environmental conditions. To this end, we discuss how changing climate is likely to affect avian thermoregulation and associated endocrine traits, and how the interplay between these physiological processes may play a role in facilitating or constraining adaptation to a changing climate. We conclude that while the general patterns of endocrine regulation of thermogenesis are quite well understood, at least in poultry, the molecular and endocrine mechanisms that regulate, e.g. mitochondrial function and plasticity of thermoregulation over different time scales (from transgenerational to daily variation), need to be unveiled. Plasticity may ameliorate climate change effects on thermoregulation to some extent, but the increased frequency of extreme weather events, and associated changes in resource availability, may be beyond the scope and/or speed for plastic responses. This could lead to selection for more tolerant phenotypes, if the underlying physiological traits harbour genetic and individual variation for selection to act on - a key question for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bin-Yan Hsu
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, Finland
| | - Andreas Nord
- Lund University, Department of Biology, Section for Evolutionary Ecology, Ecology Building, Sölvegatan 37, SE-22362, Lund, Sweden
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42
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He Y, Wang L, Li X, Zhao H. The effects of chronic lead exposure on the ovaries of female juvenile Japanese quails (Coturnix japonica): Developmental delay, histopathological alterations, hormone release disruption and gene expression disorder. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 205:111338. [PMID: 32956867 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) is well-recognized for its great hazards to human and wildlife health. It has negative influences on multiple organs and systems of birds. Especially, lead exposure caused adverse impacts on bird reproduction. In this study, one week old female Japanese quails were randomly allocated into four groups and each group was respectively fed with 0, 50 ppm, 500 ppm and 1000 ppm Pb in drinking water for 36 days to determine the effects of chronic lead exposure on ovarian development and function. The results showed that Pb did accumulate in the ovary and ovarian development was delayed by high dose lead exposure (500 ppm and 1000 ppm). Moreover, high Pb dosage induced ovarian histopathological damages characterized by granulosa cells disorganization, follicle atresia and interstitial cell degeneration. Meanwhile, the concentration of estradiol (E2) was significantly decreased and mRNA levels of genes involved with ovarian steroidogenesis were significantly down-regulated by high concentration Pb. In addition, Pb exposure caused increasing cell apoptosis and significant changes of the expression of genes involved with cell death in the ovary. High dose Pb exposure also inhibited thyroid hormone release and disrupted ovarian thyroid deiodination apart from causing thyroid histopathological injury such as follicular deformation and atrophy. The study indicated that Pb might cause ovarian malfunction by inducing ovary and thyroid microstructural damages, thyroid hormone and estrogen release inhibition and ovarian steroidogenesis disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu He
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Ling Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Xuan Li
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Hongfeng Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China.
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43
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Sirsat TS, Dzialowski EM. Manipulating plasma thyroid hormone levels at hatching alters development of endothermy and ventilation in Pekin duck ( Anas platyrhynchos domestica). J Exp Biol 2020; 223:jeb237701. [PMID: 33046566 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.237701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
At hatching in precocial birds, there are rapid physiological and metabolic phenotypic changes associated with attaining endothermy. During the transition to ex ovo life, thyroid hormone levels naturally increase, peaking at hatching, and then decline. To better understand the role of the natural increase in thyroid hormone at hatching in regulating the developmental trajectory of the Pekin duck's endothermic phenotype, we examined development of O2 consumption (V̇O2 ) and ventilation (frequency, tidal volume and minute ventilation) while inhibiting the developmental increase in thyroid hormones that occurs at hatching via administration of the thyroid-peroxidase inhibitor methimazole (MMI) or accelerating the developmental increase via triiodothyronine (T3) supplementation. Animals were dosed only on day 24 of a 28-day incubation period and studied on incubation day 25, during external pipping (EP) and 1 day post-hatching (dph). On day 25, there was an increase in V̇O2 in the hyperthyroid treatment compared with the other two treatments. During the EP stage, there was a significant effect of thyroid status on V̇O2 , with hyperthyroid V̇O2 being highest and hypothyroid V̇O2 the lowest. By 1 dph, the supplemented T3 and control animals had similar V̇O2 responses to cooling with comparable thermal neutral zones followed by increased V̇O2 Hypothyroid 1 dph hatchlings had a lower resting V̇O2 that did not increase to the same extent as the supplemented T3 and control animals during cooling. During EP, inhibiting the rise in T3 resulted in embryos with lower ventilation frequency and tidal volume than control and supplemented T3 embryos. At 1 dph, ventilation frequency of all animals increased during cooling, but tidal volume only increased in supplemented T3 and control hatchlings. Our data support the role of the late incubation increase in T3 in regulating the systemic development of endothermic metabolic capacity and associated control of ventilation occurring at hatching of the Pekin duck.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tushar S Sirsat
- Developmental Integrative Biology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, 1155 Union Circle #305220, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA
| | - Edward M Dzialowski
- Developmental Integrative Biology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, 1155 Union Circle #305220, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA
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Sarraude T, Hsu BY, Groothuis T, Ruuskanen S. Testing the short-and long-term effects of elevated prenatal exposure to different forms of thyroid hormones. PeerJ 2020; 8:e10175. [PMID: 33088630 PMCID: PMC7571413 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal thyroid hormones (THs) are known to be crucial in embryonic development in humans, but their influence on other, especially wild, animals remains poorly understood. So far, the studies that experimentally investigated the consequences of maternal THs focused on short-term effects, while early organisational effects with long-term consequences, as shown for other prenatal hormones, could also be expected. In this study, we aimed at investigating both the short- and long-term effects of prenatal THs in a bird species, the Japanese quail Coturnix japonica. We experimentally elevated yolk TH content (the prohormone T4, and its active metabolite T3, as well as a combination of both hormones). We analysed hatching success, embryonic development, offspring growth and oxidative stress as well as their potential organisational effects on reproduction, moult and oxidative stress in adulthood. We found that eggs injected with T4 had a higher hatching success compared with control eggs, suggesting conversion of T4 into T3 by the embryo. We detected no evidence for other short-term or long-term effects of yolk THs. These results suggest that yolk THs are important in the embryonic stage of precocial birds, but other short- and long-term consequences remain unclear. Research on maternal THs will greatly benefit from studies investigating how embryos use and respond to this maternal signalling. Long-term studies on prenatal THs in other taxa in the wild are needed for a better understanding of this hormone-mediated maternal pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Sarraude
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Bin-Yan Hsu
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Ton Groothuis
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Suvi Ruuskanen
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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45
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Brady K, Liu HC, Hicks JA, Long JA, Porter TE. Transcriptome analysis of the hypothalamus and pituitary of turkey hens with low and high egg production. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:647. [PMID: 32957911 PMCID: PMC7507666 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-07075-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High egg producing hens (HEPH) show increased hypothalamic and pituitary gene expression related to hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis stimulation as well as increased in vitro responsiveness to gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) stimulation in the pituitary when compared to low egg producing hens (LEPH). Transcriptome analysis was performed on hypothalamus and pituitary samples from LEPH and HEPH to identify novel regulators of HPG axis function. RESULTS In the hypothalamus and pituitary, 4644 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between LEPH and HEPH, with 2021 genes up-regulated in LEPH and 2623 genes up-regulated in HEPH. In LEPH, up-regulated genes showed enrichment of the hypothalamo-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis. Beta-estradiol was identified as an upstream regulator regardless of tissue. When LEPH and HEPH samples were compared, beta-estradiol was activated in HEPH in 3 of the 4 comparisons, which correlated to the number of beta-estradiol target genes up-regulated in HEPH. In in vitro pituitary cell cultures from LEPH and HEPH, thyroid hormone pretreatment negatively impacted gonadotropin subunit mRNA levels in cells from both LEPH and HEPH, with the effect being more prominent in HEPH cells. Additionally, the effect of estradiol pretreatment on gonadotropin subunit mRNA levels in HEPH cells was negative, whereas estradiol pretreatment increased gonadotropin subunit mRNA levels in LEPH cells. CONCLUSIONS Up-regulation of the HPT axis in LEPH and upstream beta-estradiol activation in HEPH may play a role in regulating HPG axis function, and ultimately ovulation rates. Thyroid hormone and estradiol pretreatment impacted gonadotropin mRNA levels following GnRH stimulation, with the inhibitory effects of thyroid hormone more detrimental in HEPH and estradiol stimulatory effects more prominent in LEPH. Responsiveness to thyroid hormone and estradiol may be due to desensitization to thyroid hormone and estradiol in LEPH and HEPH, respectively, due to up-regulation of the HPT axis in LEPH and of the HPG axis in HEPH. Further studies will be necessary to identify possible target gene desensitization mechanisms and elicit the regulatory role of the HPT axis and beta-estradiol on ovulation rates in turkey hens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen Brady
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, 1413 Animal Sciences Building (#142), 8127 Regents Drive, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
- Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, BARC, ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA
| | - Hsiao-Ching Liu
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Julie A Hicks
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Julie A Long
- Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, BARC, ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA
| | - Tom E Porter
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, 1413 Animal Sciences Building (#142), 8127 Regents Drive, College Park, MD, 20742, USA.
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Hsu BY, Sarraude T, Cossin-Sevrin N, Crombecque M, Stier A, Ruuskanen S. Testing for context-dependent effects of prenatal thyroid hormones on offspring survival and physiology: an experimental temperature manipulation. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14563. [PMID: 32884067 PMCID: PMC7471313 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71511-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal effects via hormonal transfer from the mother to the offspring provide a tool to translate environmental cues to the offspring. Experimental manipulations of maternally transferred hormones have yielded increasingly contradictory results, which may be explained by differential effects of hormones under different environmental contexts. Yet context-dependent effects have rarely been experimentally tested. We therefore studied whether maternally transferred thyroid hormones (THs) exert context-dependent effects on offspring survival and physiology by manipulating both egg TH levels and post-hatching nest temperature in wild pied flycatchers (Ficedula hypoleuca) using a full factorial design. We found no clear evidence for context-dependent effects of prenatal THs related to postnatal temperature on growth, survival and potential underlying physiological responses (plasma TH levels, oxidative stress and mitochondrial density). We conclude that future studies should test for other key environmental conditions, such as food availability, to understand potential context-dependent effects of maternally transmitted hormones on offspring, and their role in adapting to changing environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin-Yan Hsu
- Section of Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
| | - Tom Sarraude
- Section of Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- GELIFES, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nina Cossin-Sevrin
- Section of Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Mélanie Crombecque
- Section of Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Antoine Stier
- Section of Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health, and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Suvi Ruuskanen
- Section of Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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Sharma A, Kumar BVS, Dash S, Singh S, Verma R. Heat shock protein B1 expression is associated with age at sexual maturity in Rhode Island Red and Punjab Red layers under heat stress. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2020; 64:1133-1143. [PMID: 32147753 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-020-01887-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (Hsp) aid in protein folding and also to combat stress in all cellular organisms. HspB1 is a member of the small HSP family that has a significant role in thermo-tolerance. In this study, we aimed to determine the relationship (if any) between age at sexual maturity of layer poultry (Rhode Island Red and Punjab Red) and HspB1 expression both at mRNA and protein levels under heat stress. The mRNA expression of hspB1 was checked by real-time PCR. Delay in sexual maturity of the birds was found to be directly associated with the hspB1 mRNA expression in both the bird varieties under heat stress. No significant regression (association) of hspB1 mRNA expression with age at sexual maturity was observed in case of control, non-heat stressed birds. The serum levels of HspB1 were measured by indirect ELISA, using recombinant HspB1 that was expressed using pET-32b(+) vector in BL21(DE3) cells. Serum HspB1 concentration increased significantly (p ≤ 0.001) in heat-stressed birds as compared with control ones. A significant association was found between the increase in serum HspB1 concentration and delay in sexual maturity of all the birds under heat stress while no such association was found in control birds. In conclusion, HspB1 mRNA and protein expression were found to be associated with age at sexual maturity in Punjab Red and RIR layers under heat stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astha Sharma
- Department of Microbial and Environmental Biotechnology, College of Animal Biotechnology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, 141004, India
| | - B V Sunil Kumar
- Department of Microbial and Environmental Biotechnology, College of Animal Biotechnology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, 141004, India.
| | - Shaktikant Dash
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Veterinary Sciences, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, 141004, India
| | - Satparkash Singh
- Department of Microbial and Environmental Biotechnology, College of Animal Biotechnology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, 141004, India
| | - Ramneek Verma
- Department of Microbial and Environmental Biotechnology, College of Animal Biotechnology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, 141004, India
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Wang Y, Xu P, Chang J, Li W, Yang L, Tian H. Unraveling the toxic effects of neonicotinoid insecticides on the thyroid endocrine system of lizards. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 258:113731. [PMID: 31874442 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The widespread use of neonicotinoids has resulted in large residues in the soil, which has a major impact on the lizards that inhabit the soil. Thyroid hormones play an important role in the growth and development of lizards. In this report, we assessed the disrupting effects of thyroid system on lizards after 28 days of continuous exposure to dinotefuran, thiamethoxam, and imidacloprid, respectively. Neonicotinoid insecticides could seriously affect the concentration of T4 in lizard plasma and the conversion of T4 to T3 in the thyroid gland. Specifically, exposure to dinotefuran affected the intake and utilization of iodine in the thyroid gland, resulting in insufficient thyroid function, which in turn lead to thyroid epithelial hyperplasia and follicular volume enlargement by negative feedback. Exposure to thiamethoxam could activate thyroid function, significantly increasing plasma T3 and T4 concentrations and promoting the binding of T3 and thyroid hormone receptors. Imidacloprid exposure could inhibit the secretion of thyroid hormones, leading to down-regulation of thyroid hormone receptors and related phase II metabolic enzyme genes. This study verified that the continuous exposure of neonicotinoids could affect the lizard thyroid endocrine system. The harm of neonicotinoids to reptiles deserved more attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghuan Wang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100085, PR China
| | - Peng Xu
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100085, PR China
| | - Jing Chang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100085, PR China
| | - Wei Li
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100085, PR China
| | - Lu Yang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100085, PR China
| | - Haoting Tian
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water and Soil Conservation and Environmental Protection, College of Resource and Environment, Linyi University, Linyi 276005, China.
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Nabi G, Hao Y, Liu X, Sun Y, Wang Y, Jiang C, Li J, Wu Y, Li D. Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Thyroid Axis Crosstalk With the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal Axis and Metabolic Regulation in the Eurasian Tree Sparrow During Mating and Non-mating Periods. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:303. [PMID: 32547486 PMCID: PMC7272604 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Reproduction is an energetically costly phenomenon. Therefore, to optimize reproductive success, male birds invest enough energetic resources for maintaining well-developed testes. The hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis in birds can crosstalk with the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis, thus orchestrating both the reproduction and metabolism. However, until now, how the free-living birds timely optimize both the energy metabolism and reproduction via HPT-axis is not understood. To uncover this physiological mechanism, we investigated the relationships among body mass, testis size, plasma hormones including thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), metabolites including glucose (Glu), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), uric acid (UA), diencephalon mRNA expressions of type 2 (Dio2) and 3 (Dio3) iodothyronine deiodinase enzymes, thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), gonadotropin-releasing hormone I (GnRH-I), and gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone (GnIH) in a male Eurasian tree sparrow (ETS, Passer montanus). We found significantly larger testis size; elevated diencephalon Dio2 and TRH mRNA expressions, plasma T3, and UA levels; and significantly lowered Glu, TG, and TC levels during mating relative to the non-mating stages in male ETSs. However, Dio3, TSH, GnRH-I, and GnIH mRNA expression did not vary with the stage. Furthermore, life-history stage dependent variation in plasma T3 had both direct effects on the available energy substrates and indirect effects on body mass and testis size, indicating a complex regulation of metabolic pathways through the HPT- and HPG-axes. The identified differences and relationships in mRNA expression, plasma T3 and metabolites, and testis size in male ETSs contribute to our understanding how free-living birds adjust their molecular, endocrinal, and biochemical features to orchestrate their reproductive physiology and metabolism for the maintenance of well-developed testes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghulam Nabi
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yinchao Hao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Functional Laboratory, Experimental Center for Teaching, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xuelu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yanfeng Sun
- Ocean College, Hebei Agricultural University, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Chuan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Juyong Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yuefeng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Dongming Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
- *Correspondence: Dongming Li
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Mattsson A, Sjöberg S, Kärrman A, Brunström B. Developmental exposure to a mixture of perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) affects the thyroid hormone system and the bursa of Fabricius in the chicken. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19808. [PMID: 31874986 PMCID: PMC6930258 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56200-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) are ubiquitous environmental contaminants and eggs and nestlings of raptors and fish-eating birds often contain high levels of PFAAs. We studied developmental effects of a mixture of ten PFAAs by exposing chicken embryos to 0.5 or 3 μg/g egg of each compound in the mixture. Histological changes of the thyroid gland were noted at both doses and increased expression of mRNA coding for type III deiodinase was found at 0.5 μg/g egg. Serum concentrations of the free fraction of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) were reduced by the PFAA mixture at 3 µg/g egg, which is in line with a decreased synthesis and increased turnover of thyroid hormones as indicated by our histological findings and the decreased mRNA expression of type III deiodinase. The relative weight of the bursa of Fabricius increased at a dose of 3 μg/g egg in females. The bursa is the site of B-cell development in birds and is crucial for the avian adaptive immune system. Analysis of plasma and liver concentrations of the mixture components showed differences depending on chain length and functional group. Our results highlight the vulnerability of the thyroid hormone and immune systems to PFAAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Mattsson
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Sofia Sjöberg
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anna Kärrman
- School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Björn Brunström
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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